A TOPOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY ENGLAND, COMPRISING THE \ SEVERAL COUNTIES, CITIES, BOROUGHS, CORPORATE AND MARKET TOWNS, t PARISHES, AND TOWNSHIPS, AND THE ISLANDS OF GUERNSEY, JERSEY, AND MAN, V.’1TJI HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION! AND EMSGBLrSUlEV \Ht1i ENGRAVINGS OF THE ARMS OF THE CITIES, BISHOPRICS, UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, CORPORATE TOWNS, AND BOROUGHS ; AND OF THE SEALS OF THE VARIOUS MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS. BY SAMUEL LEWIS. ► S. V ^tm mition. IN FOUR VOLUMES. VOL. I. LONDON: PUBLISHED BY S. LE%IS AND 00., 13, FINSBURY PLACE, SOUTH. M.DCCC.XLV. P E E F A C E. In publishing a Fifth edition of the Topographical Dictionary of England, embracing a description of each county, city, town, parish, and township in the kingdom, together with notices of the islands of Man, Guernsey, Jersey, &c., the Proprietors consider it necessary to make a few brief remarks for the information of those Subscribers who may not have seen the more explanatory Preface to the First edition. With a view to secure a well-condensed and accurate account of every place possessing either civil or ecclesiastical jurisdiction, several gentlemen of competent talents and industry were originally engaged to make a general survey of the kingdom, and procure, by personal examination, the fullest information upon the different subjects contemplated in the plan of the work ; their inquiries being facilitated by printed questions, including every particular to which their attention was to be directed. And the Proprietors beg to return their unfeigned thanks for the courtesy uniformly extended to their agents, during the time they wei’e employed in their pursuit ; and gratefully to acknowledge the prompt assistance re- ceived from the resident nobility, gentry, and clergy, and persons holding official situations, many of whom transmitted original manuscripts, containing much highly valuable matter never before published. It was at first intended that the work should be confined simply to a topographical and statistical account of the various districts ; but considering that a summary of the history of such places as either are, or have been, of importance, would render it more comprehensive and interesting, it was determined to introduce a concise narrative of the principal events which mark their progress from their origin to the present time ; and to effect this, other gentlemen IV PREFACE. were entrusted with the task of selecting from general and local histories, authentic records, and manuscripts at the British Museum, and other public libraries, notices of the most remarkable occurrences connected with each spot. Since the publication of the last edition of the Dictionary, the Proprietors have received from the gentry and clergy resident in different parts of the country, several thousands of communications, enabling them to embody much additional information, and to correct many statements which had become erroneous in consequence of the lapse of time, or from changes that had subsequently occurred; and to the parochial clergy, especially, they are deeply indebted for the contribution, in detail, of those facts with which they are necessarily best acquainted. In addition to these sources, the Proprietors have availed .themselves of the opportunity of noticing in the present edition, where needful, the multifarious alterations caused by recent legislative enactments, whereof the principal are, the Act of the 2nd and 3rd William IV., c. 45, by which the system of parliamentary representation was remodelled, and new electoral divisions were formed ; the Poor Law Act, by which the country was divided into unions ; the Act relating to Episcopal Dioceses and Patronage ; the Municipal Corporations’ Act, which rendered the constitution and mode of government of the corporate bodies connected with about one hundred and seventy of the most distinguished places in England, totally different; and the Tithes’ Commutation Act. And diligent use has also been made of some of the Reports that have been printed under the authority of Parliament, or of Commissions, including the last-published volumes of the Reports of the Charities’ Commissioners, whose labours have been recently completed in 37 folio volumes ; and the Report of the Commis- sioners appointed by his late Majesty to inquire into the Ecclesiastical Revenues. Another feature in this new Edition is, the introduction of the acreage of nearly every parish, given on the authority of statements forwarded by resident persons with whom the Proprietors have communicated ; which information is rendered more important, as the returns of government, in consequence of the nature of the sources from which they are derived, are for the most part exceedingly inaccurate, and form but an approximation to the real facts. The arrangement of the different places is strictly alphabetical, each being given under its proper name, and the epithet, if any, by which it is distinguished from another locality of the ,same designation, following after the chief heading : and the ensuing order of subjects, when the topics are noticed in the work, has been generally adopted : — 1. Name of the place, and of the saint to whom the church is dedicated ; situation ; population, according to the census of 1841 ; origin, and etymology of name ; summary of historical events, whether of a national or particular PREFACE. V kind. — 2. Local description ; distinguishing features of surface ; soil ; number of acres, &c. ; mines and quarries; scientific and literary institutions; sources of amusement; commerce, trade, and manufactures ; facilities afforded by rivers, railroads, canals, &c. ; markets and fairs. — 3. Municipal government ; privileges and immunities ; courts of justice, prisons, &c. ; parlia- mentary representation. — 4. Ecclesiastical and religious establishments ; particulars respecting livings, tithes, glebe, patronage; description of churches; dissenters’ places of worship. — 5. Scholastic and charitable foundations and endowments ; benevolent institutions ; hospitals ; almshouses. 6. Monastic institutions ; antiquities ; mineral springs ; natural phenomena ; eminent natives and residents ; title which the place confers. The Maps accompanying the work are derived from the best authorities, corrected up to the present time, and are printed from steel plates. The Arms and Seals of the several cities, boroughs, corporate towns, bishoprics, universities, colleges, &c., have been drawn and engraved from impressions in wax, furnished by the respective corporate bodies ; and although they have generally been either enlarged, or reduced, to one size, for the sake of uniformity, yet great care has been taken to preserve, in each instance, an exact fac-simile of the original ; the difficulty of effecting which, -from the mutilated state of many of the seals, was kindly removed by Sir George Nayler, and other gentlemen at the Heralds’ College, who also furnished the Arms of some of the towns. The Proprietors cannot entertain the hope that, in a work compiled from such a variety of sources, and containing notices so numerous and diversified, errors have not occurred ; indeed, the information, even when collected upon the spot, from the most intelligent persons, has frequently been so contradictory as to require much labour and perseverance to reconcile and verify it. They have, however, regardless of expense, used the most indefatigable, exertions to attain correctness, and to render the work as complete as possible ; and they, therefore, trust that any occasional inaccuracy will receive the indulgence of the Subscribers. The Proprietors had flattered themselves that this publication, the first edition of which exclusively occupied them nearly six years, at an outlay of more than Forty-eight Thousand Pounds, would have escaped the depredation of piracy ; but the result has been otherwise, and they have been compelled, in more than one instance, to seek the protection of the Court of Chancery ; in the case relating to Messrs. Fullarton, of Glasgow, and King Square, London, the following J udgment was given by the Master of the Rolls : — VI PREFACE. LEWIS versus FULLARTON. JUDGMENT DELIVERED BY THE MASTER OF THE ROLLS, JULY 16, 1839. In this case the plaintiffs moved for an injunction to restrain the defendant, his agents, servants, and workmen, from further printing, publishing, selling, or delivering, or otherwise disposing of any copies of a book called “ A New and Comprehensive Gazetteer of England and Wales/’ published by the defendant, or any part thereof. The plantiffs are the publishers of a work called “ Lewis’s Topographical Dictionary of Eng- land : ” it was prepared for publication at a very great expense, and with great literary assistance, and, according to the evidence, I think, consists partly of compilations and selections of former works, and partly of original compositions, obtained at their own cost ; and the plaintiff's allege, as to such parts of their work as consisted of compilations and selections, those farts have been subjected to investigation and inquiry in the localities to which they relate. There is no doubt but that a work of this nature may be the subject of copyright, and on consideration of the evidence adduced in this case, 1 am clearly of opinion that for the purposes of this motion I must consider the plaintiffs as entitled to the copyright which they claim. The first edition of the plaintiffs’ work was published in the month of May, 1831. It seems that some of the copies were corrected or varied in passing through the press, so that there are some differences between the copies of the plaintiffs’ work which constituted their first edition. A second edition was published in December, 1833, and a third in June, 1835. The printing of the defendant’s work commenced in the month of June, 1832, and it was completed in May, 1834. The plaintiffs having obtained a considerable sale for their work, were informed, about the end of the year 1837, that the sale was interfered wdth by a Scotch work ; in February, 1838, they were informed that this Scotch work was the defendant’s Gazetteer ; and on an examination of the work about June, 1838, the plaintiffs, as they allege, first discovered the piracy of which they now complain, and against which they seek to be protected. It has been endeavoured to be shown, on the part of the defendant, that the plaintiff's must have been aware of the publication, contents, and nature of the defendant’s work at a much earlier period, and ought to be now precluded from asking for an injunc- tion by their own laches in not asking for relief sooner ; but on reading the evidence as to this point, I think it appears, although they had previously been informed of the title of the defendant’s publication, they did not know the character and contents of it till June, 1838, and as the bill was filed in the following month, there does not appear to have been any improper or unnecessary delay. On a comparison of the two works it appears, and has necessarily been admitted^ that a considerable portion of the matter which is contained in the plaintiff's’ w^ork has found its way into the work of defendant, for the de- fendant insists that, with respect to such parts of the plaintiff's’ work as are not original, he had a right to go to the sources to which the plaintiff's had previously resorted ; that with respect to such parts of the plaintiffs’ work as are original, a lawful use only has been made* of them : the compiler, it is said, has taken nothing ammo furandi, but made only a fair use of a former publication on the subject of his own subsequent work. It is said the defendant’s work was undertaken by his late father, who employed Mr. James Bell to prepare it for the press ; that Mr. Bell was supplied with a great number of topographical and other works, and amongst others with the plaintiffs^ Topographical Dictionary ; that a fair use was made of all, and the plaintiffs have no right to com- plain of what has been done. Any man is entitled, no doul^t, to write and publish a Topographical Dictionary, and to avail himself of the labours of all other writers whose works are not protected by copyright, and of all public sources of information ; but whilst all are entitled to the common sources of information, none are entitled to save themselves trouble and expense by availing themselves, for their own profit, of other men s works, still entitled to the protection of - copyright; and the question is, whether Mr. Bell did or did not, for the compi- lation of the work in which he was engaged, avail himself of the plaintiffs’ work unlawfully and in violation of the plaintiffs’ copyright ; for the purpose of ascertaining which, I have read over a very considerable number of articles in both works (the trouble of comparing them has been greatly diminished by the exhibits prepared on PREFACE. • % Vll both sides), and in the result, the examination appears to me to show that Mr. Bell, in the compilation of his Gazetteer, has extenswely^ and as far as my examination has gone it would not be too much to say habitually^ made use of all that suited his purpose in the plaintiffs* work. It is evident that in a large proportion of the defendants work no other labour has been employed than in copying the plaintiffs^ 7Vork, and arranging the matter in a form which best suited the purpose of the compiler ^ Mr. Bell evidently did not think himself under any restraint, and probably did not think that the plaintiffs were entitled to copyright ; and if that which he did could be con- sidered as lawfully done, it is plain no protection whatever could be given to any work in the nature of a Gazet- teer, Dictionary, Road Book, Calendar, or Map, or any other work the subject-matter of which is open to common observation and inquiry; and every man who had bestowed any amount of labour or expense in collecting and arranging information necessary and requisite for the production of such a work, might immediately on its publication be deprived of the fruit of his industry and ability. Having gone carefully through all the articles commented on in the argument, and several others, I am of opinion the defendant s work is to a very considerable extent a piracy of the plaintiffs* copyright ; to what extent, it is not' fully or accurately ascertained ; and it appears to me there are parts of the defendant’s work, which, as a publication of this nature, may justly be considered as original ; certainly there are parts which are not taken from the plaintiffs’ w^ork, and as to which, if they stood alone, the plaintiffs could have no right to an injunction ; and under these circumstances, the difficulty which pressed on the mind of Lord Eldon, in the case of Mawman V. Tegg^ arises in the present case. What was true in that case cannot be altogether denied in the present case ; that notwithstanding all the pains which have been used, the inquiry as to how much has been pirated has left us in a great degree to conjecture, or rather we are left to conclude, from passages shown to have been copied from the original work, how much may have been so copied ; and if this Court is to say, as Lord Eldon appears to have intimated, that the Court ought not to grant an injunction against the whole or the pirated parts of a work without first ascertaining, either by its own inspection, or otherwise, what was the quantity of matter pirated, then, undoubtedly, it would follow an injunction ought not now to be granted ; for this reason only, that though a considerable part of the work appears to have been copied, yet as the two have not been compared in every part, it does not appear on the whole how much has been copied, or on the whole what parts of the defend- ant s work may, with regard to the plaintiffs’ work at least, be considered as original. In the case I have men- tioned, Lord Eldon made a very special order. I cannot help entertaining some doubt whether that order could have been acted on with advantage ; the parties, however, did not prosecute it, and the report adds, the suit was compromised by the payment of a considerable sum of money from the defendant to the plaintiff. I conceive when it has been once ascertained that the defendant has in any degree violated the right of the plaintiff, the nature and extent of the order to be made must depend on the circumstances of the case, and the amount and extent of the evidence adduced. The piracy proved may be so inconsiderable, and so little likely to injure the plaintiff, that the Court may decline to interfere at all, and leave the plaintiff to his remedy at law : or the piracy proved may be so extensive, in a greater or less degree, as to leave it extremely doubtful whether the parts not examined are in any degree piratical, or to make it more or less probable they have been composed in the same manner, and collected from the like sources, as the parts which have been examined, and are in an equal degree liable to the charge of piracy. The hardship of restraining the publication of the whole of a work, when part of it consists of original matter, has always been urged in cases of this nature, and the answer which is given by Lord Eldon in the case to which 1 have referred, seems conclusive. He expresses himself thus : — “ As to the hard consequences which would follow froni granting an injunction when a very large proportion of the work is unquestionably original, I can only say, that if the parts which have been copied cannot be separated from those which are original without destroying the use and value of the original matter, he who has made an improper use of that which did not belong to him must suffer the consequences of so doing. If a man mixes what belongs to him with what belongs to me, and the mixture be forbidden by the law, he must again separate them, and he must bear all the mischief and loss which the separation may occasion. If an individual chooses, in any w’ork, to mix my literary matter wdth his own, he must be restrained from publishing the literary matter which belongs to me ; and if the parts of the work cannot be separated, and if by that means the injunction which restrained the publi- cation of my literary matter prevents also the publication of his own literary matter, he has only himself to blame. It must be observed, also, that in cases of this nature nothing but an injunction can sufficiently or efffictually protect the injured party ; and in the same case Lord Eldon observes, “ that though keeping an account of the profits may prevent the defendant from deriving any profit, as he may be ultimately obliged to account to the plaintiff for all his gains, yet if the work which the defendant is publishing in the mean time really affects the sale of the work which the plaintiff seeks to protect, the consequence is that the rendering the profits PREFACE. • • • Vlll of the former work to the complaining party may not be a satisfaction to him for what he might have been enabled to have made of his own work, if it had been the only one published ; for he would argue, that the profits of the defendant, as compared with the profits which he, the plaintiff, has been improperly prevented from making, could only be in the proportion of the price of a copy of the one book to the price of a copy of the other ; and on the w^hole, for the reasons I have stated, it appears to me that an injunction ought to he granted rvhenever it appears by sufficient evidence that a copyright exists^ and that piracy has been committed to an extent which is likely to he seriously prejudicial to the plaintiff ; and that the extent of the injunction must depend on the amount of proof and the nature of the proof. The plaintiffs, in the present case, ask for an injunction to restrain the defendant from publishing the whole or any part of the defendant’s Gazetteer. As it appears by the evidence that there are parts of the defendant s Gazetteer which are not borrowed from the plaintiffs’ work, I cannot grant an injunction on those terras, and it becomes a question whether an injunction should be granted in general terms against such parts as have been pirated, or whether means should be taken to ascertain what particular parts have been pirated, in order that the publication of those particular parts may be especially restrained. Now it appears to me, not that it must be admitted by absolute proof and demonstration, for the two works have not been compared in every part, but upon the proof and demonstration of what has been examined, and as to the rest by strong inference and presumption, arising from the proof given as to those parts to which it applies, and from the nature of the work itself, and the circumstances under which it is proved to be composed, that if the parts pirated were taken away, though some articles would remain in them entire, yet the greater number would remain in so imperfect and incomplete a state that the defendant’s work would lose its distinctive and useful character as a Gazetteer. If the defendant were desirous to avail himself, as he has an undoubted right to do, of any original matter of his own, or any matter which he has fairly taken from other sources, he would, I think, be under the necessity of re-composing his work for the purpose of separating that which appears to me to have been improperly taken from the plaintiffs’ work. Lord Eldon says, with reference to former cases, his language has been, that there must be an injunction against such part as has been pirated ; but in that case the part of the work which was affected with the character of piracy, was so very considerable, that if it were taken awu.y there would have been nothing left to publish except a few broken sentences ; and it was because the evidence before him did not enable him to ascertain the result, that he made the special order to which I have referred. But in this case^ having availed myself of the evidence which has been so industriously collected during the long time this motion was pending, and having read with great care all the affidavits laid before me, and more particularly the affidavits of Mr, Holliday and Mr, Cunningham, I think I have reason on which I ought judicially to act; for, considering that the parts of the work which have been examined and compared afford a fair indication of the nature and character of those parts of the work which have not yet been examined and compared ; and it appearing to me, under these circumstances, that if the parts affected with the character of piracy were taken away, there would be left, I do not say nothing but a few broken sentences, but an imperfect work, which could not to any useful extent serve the purposes of a Gazetteer, I think I ought to grant an injunction to restrain the publication of the parts which are pirated, without waiting till all the parts pirated can be ascertained ; and therefore the order which i shall make will be, that the de- fendant, HIS AGENTS, SERVANTS, AND WORKMEN, BE RESTRAINED FROM FURTHER PRINTING, PUBLISHING, SELLING, OR DISPOSING OF ANY COPY OR COPIES OF A BOOK CALLED “ ThE NeW AND COMPREHENSIVE GAZET- TEER, AND SO ON,” CONTAINING ANY ARTICLE OR ARTICLES, PASSAGE OR PASSAGES, COPIED, TAKEN, OR COLOUR- ABLY ALTERED, FROM A BOOK CALLED “ LeWIs’s TOPOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF ENGLAND, PUBLISHED BY THE PLAINTIFFS. SUBSCRIBERS HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE QUEEN HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN DOWAGER HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF HANOVER HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN OF HANOVER HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY THE EMPEROR OF ALL THE RUSSIAS HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY THE EMPEROR OF AUSTRIA HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE BELGIANS HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF SWEDEN AND NORWAY HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE LATE DUKE OF SUSSEX HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF CAMBRIDGE HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUCHESS OF KENT Abbot, John George, Esq., Cranmer Dykes’ House, Gateshead Abbott, Rev. Christopher, M.A., Kelloe, Durham Aberdein, Robert Henry, Esq., Honiton ABOYNE, The Right Honourable the Earl of ACHESON, The Right Honourable Lord Viscount Ackroyd, Robert S., Esq., Field House, Horton, Bradford Ackroyd, William, Esq., Birkenshaw, Leeds Ackroyd, William, Esq., Westborn Lodge, Otley Ackroyd, William, Esq., Horsforth, Leeds Acland, Sir P. P. F. P., Bart., Fairfield, Bridg-water, Somerset Acworth, Rev. Jas., M.A., President of Horton College, Bradford Adair, Alexander, Esq., Heatherton Park, Wellington, Somerset Adams, H. C., Esq., Magdalene College, Oxford Adams, Rev. Richard, Edingthorpe Rectory, near North Walsham Adamson, Rev. Edward Hussey, M.A., Windy-Nook, Gateshead Adamson, John, Esq., Rye, Sussex Addison, George Wilson, Esq., Hall Field, Bowling, Bradford Addison, Rev. J. Aspinall, B.A., Vicar of Mitton, Yorkshire Addison, Rev. Thomas, B.A., Vicar of Rillington-cum-Scampston, Adolphus, J., Esq., Harcourt Buildings, Temple, London [Malton Agar, John, Esq., Brookfield Park, York Ainger, Rev. T., Hampstead, Middlesex Airey, Henry Cookson, Esq., Kingthorpe House, Pickering Aked, Thomas, Esq., Shipley Grange, Bradford Akenhead, Rev. David, B.A., Bishop- W’^earmouth Akroyd and Son, Messrs. James, Halifax Alcock, William N., Esq., Gisburne Park, Skipton Alexander, Vice-Admiral, K.C.B., Fareham, Hants Aldam, William, Esq., M.P., Warmsworth, Doncaster Alderson, Rev. Christ., M.A., Rector of Kirkheaton, Huddersfield Alderson, Rev. Jonathan, M.A., Rector of Harthill, Yorkshire Alderson, Rev. W., M.A., Rector of Aston, Sheffield Aldred, John, Esq., Wellgate House, Rotherham Allatt & Haxby, Messrs., Solicitors, Ossett, Wakefield Allbutt, Rev. Thomas, M.A. Vicar of Dewsbury, Craven Allcroft, Rev. W. R., Whitgift, Goole Allen, Rev. George, Incumbent of Great & Little Driffield Allen, Rev. S., Rector of Wolterton-cum-Wichmere, near Aylsham Allen, William, Esq., The Lodge, Malton, Yorkshire [umberland Allgood, Rev. James, M.A., Vicar of Felton &Framlington, North- Allhusen, Christian, Esq., Elswick House, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Allin, W., Esq., Arundel, Sussex. VoL, I. Ambler, Henry, Esq., Moorside, Ovenden, Halifax Ames, John, Esq., Green-street, London, and Pinney House, Devon Amies, John, Esq., Frettenham, near Coltishall Amoore, William, Esq., Hastings, Sussex Anderson, David, Esq., River Head, Driffield Anderson, George, Esq., Wingrove House, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Anderson, George, Esq., Banker, Kirkaldy Anderson, Henry, Esq., Westoe, South Shields Anderson, James, Esq., Rose Hill, Wallsend Anderson, Joseph, Esq., Benwell Tower, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Anderson, Rev. J. S. M., Brighton Anderson, Matthew, Esq., Jesmond Cottage, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Anderson, Robert, Esq., J.P., Westoe, South Shields Anderton, George, Esq., Cleckheaton, Leeds Anderton, James, Esq., Mount Villa, York Andrew, Rev. John, B.A., Incumbent of Worsborough, Barnsley Andrew, Rev. W. W., Vicar of Ketteringham, near Norwich Andrews, Edward, Esq., Titchfield, Hants Andrews, William, Esq., Architect, Bradford Angerstein, John, Esq., Weeting Hall, Norfolk Ansley, Gilbert, Esq., Houghton Hill, Huntingdon Anstis, Bernard, Esq., Liskeard, Cornwall Anthony, P. L., jun.. Esq., Alphington Cottage, Ottery-St. Mary Archbold, James, Esq., J.P., Newcastle-upon-Tyne Archer, John, Esq., Castle Eaton, Fairford, Gloucestershire Arkless, Benj., Esq., Tantobie, Gateshead Arkwright, Charles, Esq., Dunstall, Burton on Trent Arkwright, Rev. Joseph, Mark Hall, Harlow, Essex Armitage, Richard, Esq., Johnson’s Buildings, Huddersfield Armstrong, Rev. Chas. Edw., B.D., Master of Hemsworth Hospital, Armstrong, Rev. John, M.A., Wallsend [Pontefract Armstrong, William, jun.. Esq., Wingate Grange, Castle-Eden, Armstrong, William, Esq., Minories, Jesmond [Durham Armstrong, W. Esq., Treasurer to the Corporation of Newcastle Armytage, Sir George, Bart., Kirklees Park, Dewsbury Armytage, Lieut.-Col. H., Hyde Park-street, London Arundell, The Honourable Arthur, Springfield, near Horsham Arundell, W. A., Esq., Lifton Park, Devon Ashbarry, Josh., Esq., Holme Lacy Cottage, Hereford Ashburnham, Rev. D., Rector of Catsfield, near Battle Ashburnham, Rev. J., B.D., Guestling, near Hastings Ashburnham, Sir William, Bart., Broomham, Hastings a X SUBSCRIBERS. Ashworth, Messrs. D. & G., Callis Mill, near Halifax Askew, Lieut.-Gen. Sir Henry, Pallinsburn, Coldstream, N. Britain Askew, Rich. Croston, Esq., Tynemouth, Northumberland Astley, Francis L’ Estrange, Esq., Burgh Hall, EastDereham, Norfolk Astley, Sir John Dugdale, Bart., Everleigh House, Wilts Astley, T. J., Esq., Melton Constable, Dereham, Norfolk Astley, W. B., Esq., Wellington Lodge, Ryde, Isle of Wight Aston, John, Esq., Hereford Atherley, A., Esq., Arundel, Sussex Atkins, Rev. Henry, Vicar of Arreton, Isle of Wight Atkins, Henry, Esq., Maddington, Devizes Atkinson, Adam, Esq., Lorbottle House, Alnwick Atkinson, Anthony, Esq., Deputy Registrar, Beverley, Yorkshire Atkinson, Christopher, Esq., Ewart, Wooler [ I’yne Atkinson, Geo. Clayton, Esq., Tyne Iron Office, Newcastle-upon- Atkinson, Rev. John Breeks, M.A., West Cowes Atkinson, John, Esq., Austhorpe Lodge, Leeds Atkinson, Josh. Robt., Esq., Elmwood House, Leeds [upon-Tyne Atkinson, Robt. Thos., Esq., Seaton-Delaval Colliery, Newcastle- Atkinson, Rev. Thos., B.A., Incumbent of Liversedge, Leeds Atkinson, Rev. William, B.A., Rector of Gateshead-Fell Atkinson, Wm. Simpson, Esq., Barrowby Hall, Reeds Atmore, R., Esq., East Harling Aubrey, H. P. T., Esq., Broom Hall, Oswestry Austen, Vice-Admiral Sir Francis, K.C.B., Portsdown Lodge Austin, Joseph, Esq., Headingley, Leeds Ayre, Thomas, Esq., Surgeon, Barnsley Ayton, John Featherstone, Esq., Fawcett Street, Sunderland Ayton, Henry Isaac, Esq., Seaton-Burn, • Colliery, Newcastle-upon- Ayton, Robinson, Esq., Swathling Cottage, Southampton [Tyne Ayton, William, Esq., Sandhill, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Ayton, Rev. Wm. Alexi, B.A., Brompton, Scarborough Babb, George, Esq., Town Clerk of Great Grimsby Backhouse, John Church, Esq., Beechwood, Darlington Bacon, Sir Edmund, Bart., Raveningham Hall, near Beccles Bacon, George, Esq., Nottingham Bacon, Rev. Robert, LL.D., Incumbent of Fring, near Rougham Badcock, Robert, Esq., Wilton, Taunton Badger, Benjamin, Esq., Masbrough Cottage, Rotherham Badger, Thomas, Esq., Rotherham Bagge, Edward, Esq., Islington, Lynn, Norfolk Bagge, Richard, ‘Esq., do. do. Bagge, William, Esq., M,Pi, Stradsett Hall, near. Downham Market BAGOT, The Right Honourable Lord Bailey, Charles, Esq., Kirk-Leatham, Guisborough Baillie, Rev. J. Fanher, M.A., Great Rissingtori, Gloucestershire Bainbridge, Rev. Francis, B.A., Grammar-school, Rothbury Bainbridge, John, Esq., Moor:Park, Harrogate Bainton, John, Esq., Foston Mills, Driffield Bainton, J. B., Esq., Beverley BairstOw, Messrs. John 6^ James,' HebdenTBridge, Yorkshire Bairstow, Matthew, Esq., Knott, Keighley Bairstow, Samuel, Esq., Green Hill, Cross Hills, Skipton Bairstow, Thomas, E^qt, Rpyd Hill,. Sutton, Keighley Bairstow, Messrs. William & John, -Keighley Baker, Rev. Francis, Wy lye, Wilts Baker, George, Esq., Dringho uses, York Baker, John, jun., Esq., Cowslip Lodge, Wrington, near Bristol Baker, Richard, Esq., Midhurst, Sussex Baldock, Rev. R., M.A., Langtoft, Driffield Baldock, William, Esq., Freshfield Cottage, Millbrook, Southampton Baldrey, Robert, Esq., The Square, Halifax Baldwin, Henry, Esq., The Square, do. • Baldwin, John, Esq., Cnrlton Place, do. Banks, George, Esq., St. Catherine’s, Doncaster Banks, . John, Esq., Holt, Norfolk Banning, Rev. B., Vicarage, Wellington, Salop Barber, Gilbert, Esq;, Winchester Barber, Rev. John, M.A., Incumbent of Rierley, Bradford Barber, Joseph, Esq., Solicitor, Brighouse, Halifax Baring, 'Rev. Frederick,. B;C.L., Itchen Stoke, Alresford Baring, Sir Thomas, Bart., Stratton Park, Hants Barker, Janies Lamb, Esq., Solicitor, North Shields, Northumber- Barker, Thomas, Esq., Vine Grove, Halifax [land Barker, Rev. William, M.A., Vicarage, Broad Clyst, near Exeter Barkus, William, Jun,, 'Esq., Belle Vue, Gateshead Barkworth, W. H., Esq., Cams Cottage, Hambledon, Hants Barlow, G. F., Esq., Bryanstone-sqnare, London Barlow, Rev. Peter, B.A., Cockfield, Darlington , Barlow, William, Esq., Holybourne, Alton, Hants Barnes, Rev. Joseph, M.A., Vicar of Berwick-^upon-Tweed Barnes, Orlando, Esq., Beeston, Norwich Barnes, Richard, Eaq., Solicitor, Barnard-Castle Barnes, Thomas, Esq., Whitburn, Sunderland Barnes, Thomas Addison, Esq., Westoe, South Shields Baron, George, Esq., Drewton, South Cave, Yorkshire Barrett, Charles, Esq., Sedgefield, Rusheyford, Durham Barston, Charles, Esq., Solicitor, Halifax Bartlelot, George, Esq., Stopham House, near Petworth, Sussex Bartleman, Alexander, Esq., Tynemouth Bartlett, Rev. John, Marnwood, near Coalbrook Dale, Salop Barton, Rev. John Luke, M.A., Hermitage, Hambledon, Hants Barton, Nathaniel, Esq., Corsley House, near Frome Barwell, N., Esq., Ashfbld, near Crawley, Sussex Barwick, Richard, Esq., Low Hall, Yeadon, Leeds Bass, Isaac, Esq., Brighton Basset, John, Esq., M.P., Tehidy, Cornwall Basset, Lady, Tehidy, Cornwall Bassett, Rev. H., Glentworth Vicarage, nearSpittal, Lincolnshire Bates, Ely, Esq., West Hill, Halifax Bates, J. M., Esq., M.D., Newcastle-upon-Tyne Bates, Jno. Moore, Esq., Mount Pleasant, Heddon-on-the-Wall Bath, H. Pyle, Esq., Colestocks, Feniton, Devon Bathurst, Sir F. H., Bart., Clarendon Park, Wilts Bathurst, Rev. W. H., M.A., Rector of Barwick-in-Elmet, Leeds Batten, John, Esq., Penzance, Cornwall Batten, John, Esq., Yeovil, Somerset Battersby,'Rev. W., M.A., Parsonage, Heckmondwike Battley, Rev. Charles B., M.A., Whitkirk, Leeds Battye & Firth, Messrs., Solicitors, Birstall Battye, Wm. Walker, Esq., Thorp Villa, Almondbury, Huddersfield Bayfield, Rev. B., M.A., Incumbent of Ripponden, Halifax Bayldon, Rev. J., M.A., Thwing, Bridlington Bay ley, Thomas, Esq., The Black Birches, near Shrewsbuiy Bayley, William, Esq., Hastings, Sussex Baynes, Mrs. General, Woolbrook, Sidraouth, Devon Bayton, Rev. W. Stevens, Rector of Ford, near Arundel Beach, William, Esq., Oakley Hall, Basingstoke Beadon, Edwards, Esq., Highlands, Taunton Beadon, Rev. F., M.A., Rector of North Stoneham, Hants Beard, Steyning, Esq., Ovingdean, near Brighton Beatson, William, Esq., Masbrough, Rotherham Beauchamp, Rev. Thomas, Rector of Buckenham Ferry, Norfolk Beaumont, Joseph, Esq., Mold Green, Huddersfield Beaumont, Thomas, Esq., Laura Place, Bradford Beaumont, Thomas Mills, Esq., Knaresborough Beaver, Rev. H. N., M.A., Vicar of Gringley-on-the-Hill, Bawtry Beck, Peter, Esq., Halifax Beckett, Christopher, Esq., J.P., Meanwood Hall, Leeds Beckett, John Staniforth, Esq., Barnsley Beckett, William, Esq., M.P., Kirks talT Grange, Leeds Beckett, Rev. Wilson, B.A., Vicar of Heighington, Darlington i Beckingsale, William Jeffries, Esq., Newport, Isle of Wight j Beckwith, Rev. Henry, Eaton tJonstantine, Shrewsbury j Beckwith, Rev.T. F., B.D., Vicarage, East Retford, Notts j Beckwith, William, Esq., Thearne Cottage, Beverley Beddome, John Reynolds, Esq*, M.D., Romsey, Hants Bedinfeld, J. L., Esq., Ditchingham Hall, Bungay Bedlington, George, Esq., Ovingham, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Beebee, Rev. Meyrick, M.A.,Simonburn Rectory, Hexham i Beeby, Thomas, Esq., Clifton, Biggleswade Beechey, W. Nelson, Esq., Barge-ryard, London ! Beed, Rev. J. B., Vicar of Felpham, near Bognor ' Belk, Thomas, Esq., Town Clerk of Hartlepool Bell, Lieut.-Col. C. Hamilton, Auchtertool House, Fifeshire Bell, Errington, Esq., Ogle TerraCe, South Shields Bell, G. M., Esq., Claremont Place, Newcastle-npon-Tyne Bell, Rev. H. Edward, B.A., Vicar of Long-Honghton, Alnwick Bell, John Thomas Witham, Esq., C.E., Caistle-Eden, Durham Bell, Richard H., Esq., J. P. Lawe, South Shields Bell, Thomas, Esq., Picton Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Bell, William, Esq., Ford House, Sunderland Bellhouse, Rev. W. Cocker, B.A., Grammar School, Tadcaster Bellingham, John, Esq., Rye,; Sussex Bellman, Rev. Edmund, Hainford,.near ^forwich Bellwood, Rev. William, Incumbent of Sinnington, . Pickering Benbow, John Henry, Esq., Stone Buildings, Lincoln’s Inn, London Bennett, Joseph, Esq., Surgeon, Wakefield Bennett, Joseph B. H., Esq., Tutbury, Burton on Trent Bennett, William, Esq., M.D., Harrogate, Yorkshire Bennett, Rev. W. C., A^icar of Corsham, Wilts Benning, Henry, Esq., Barnard-Castle, Durham Benson, Rev. H. B., M.A., Utterby House, Louth [Yorkshire Benson, Rev. Isaac, Incumbent of Acklam and Middlesbrough, Benson, Rev. John, Norton-sub-Hambden, near Yeovil Bentinck, the Hon. & Rev.,W. H. E., Rector of Sigglesthorne, Hull SUBSCRIBERS. XI Bentley, Greenwood, Esq., Bradford Bentley, Henry, Esq., Oulton, Leeds Beresford, Colonel, Repion Hayes, Burton on Trent BPBMPwrTf of Clatworthy, near Wiveliscombe Ihe Right Honourable and Rev. Lord Berry, Grove, Esq., Surgeon, Harrogate Bertram, Charles, Esq., J, P. Gateshead, Durham Betwi^, Alexander, Esq., J. P. Norton, Ratho, Edinburgh B Rector of South Dalton, Beverley Bethel], IRchard, Esq., J. P., Rise, Kingston-upon-Hull Ti^ti '^orth Rectory, near Crawley, Sussex ^etts. Rev. James, Ellingham Rectory, near BurJo-ay Bevan, Rev. Frederick, Carleton Rode, near Attlebursh Bevan, John W ., Esq., Redruth, Cornwall Bevan, William, Esq., Old Jewry, London Beverley, William, Esq., Preston Place, Leeds Bewicke, Mrs. Margaret, Close House, Northumberland Bewsher, Rev. F. W., M.A., Killingworth, Newcastle-on-Tyne Bewsher, Rev. J ames, Lapley , near Wolverhampton Bickford, Mr. J. T., Camborne, Cornwall Biddulph, A. G. Wright, Esq., Burton Park, near Petwortb Bidwill, Joseph G., Esq., Felix Hill House, Exeter Biedermann, Rev. G. A., Rector of Dantsey, Wilts Igge, Charles William, Esq., J. P., Linden, Morpeth }gge. Rev. Jolm F., M.A., Incumbent of Ovingbam, Newcastle- Bigland, John, Esq., Bramham, Tadcaster rupon-Tyne Bignold & Mawe, Messrs., Norwich ^ ^ ^ Bilham, Robert, Esq., Stow Bedon Hall, near Watton Billington, William, Esq., Civil Engineer, Wakefield, Yorkshire Bilton, Edward, Esq., Newcastle-upon-Tyne Bingham, Mrs., Harptree Court, Old Down, Somerset Rector of Sawtrey-All Saints, near Stilton Birch, Wyrley, Esq., Wretham Hall, near Thetford Birkbeck, John, jun.. Esq., Settle, Yorkshire Bpkbeck, Thomas, Esq., Stackhouse, Settle Bpkett, Rev. Robert, M. A., Vicar of Kelloe, Durham Birt, John, Esq., Mcunton, near Chepstow Bishop, Rev. Alfred, M.A., Tichborne, Alresford, Hants Bishop, Henry, Esq., Hastings, Sussex Bisshopp, Sir Cecil A., Bart., Merton Coll., Oxford Bissland Rev. Thomas, M.A., Rector of Hartley-Maudytt, Alton Black, William, jun.. Esq., Caister St. Edmund’s, near Norwich B ackburn, Henry Webster, Esq., Prospect House, Bradford Blackburn, John, Esq., Solicitor, Leeds Blackett, Sir Edward, Bart., Matfen, Newcastle-upon-Tyne TTyne Blackett, Rev. John Alexander, M.A., Heddon, Newcastle-upon- Blackwell, Rev. Christopher, M.A., Vicarage, Seamer, Scarborough B agrave, Ai^hony, Esq., Harptree Court, Old Down, Somerset Blake, Rev. E., Bramerton, Norwich Blake, Silas Wo^, Esq., Venne House, Upton, near Wiveliscombe lake, William, Esq., Catsey, Trull, near Taunton Blake, William, Esq., Manor House, Rilston, Skipton Blakemore, Thomas, Esq., Newport, Salop Blakei, John, jun.. Esq., Southover, Lewes Bland, John, Esq., South Villa, Rotherham, Yorkshire Blane, Rev. HeiKy, M.A., Bishop-Wearmouth, Durham Blanshard, W., Esq., M.A., Barrister-at-Law, St. Leonard’s Place, Blayds, John, Esq., Oulton House, Shefl[ield FYork Blencowe, Rev. James, Sidmouth, Devon i Blencowe, R. W., Esq., The Hooke, near Chailey, Lewes Blennerhassett, Rev. John, Rectory, Ryme, Sherborne Bloteld, Rev. T. Calthorpe, Hoveton House, Norwich Blommant, Lieut.-Gen., Willett House, near Taunton Bloome, Matt., Esq., Solicitor, Leeds, Yorkshire Blount, Sir Edward, Bart., Mawley, Bewdley Bloxam, Robert, Esq., Newport, Isle of Wight: Blunt, Edward Walter, Esq., Kempshott Park, Basingstoke Blunt, Gen. R., K.C.B., Shirley^ Southampton Blyth, Rev. C. Deltick, Rector of Sutton, Bedfordshire Blyth, Rev Geo. Blanshard, M.A., Vicar of North Newbald, Mar- Burnham [ket-Weighton Boghuist, P., Esq., Worthing, Sussex Bolitho, Thomas, Esq., Chyandour, Penzance Bond, Rev. John, M.A., Rector of Romansleigh, Devon Bond, Rev. Robert, The Lawn, Briston, near Holt Bonnett, Rev. C. S., Avington, Winchester Boor, J., Esq., Warminster, Wilts Booth, James, Esq., Ing House, Liversedge, Leeds Booth, John, Esq., Crouch Hall, Hornsey Booth, Joseph Wilkinson, Esq., Solicitor, Wakefield Booth, Richard, Esq., Basing House, Basingstoke Booth, Rev. Robert, Rodmell Rectory, near Lewes Booth, Samuel Lister, Esq., Solicitor, Bi;amley and Leeds Booth, Thomas, Esq., Park Iron- Works, near Sheffield Boothby, Rev. Henry, B.A., Kirby-Misperton, Malton Borough, Burton, Esq., Chetwynd Park, Newport, Salop Borrer, W., Esq., Barrow Hill, Henfield, near Steyning Borthwick, John, Esq., West Newton, Wooler- Bosanquet, Charles, Esq., J.P., Rock, Alnwick Bosville, A.W., Esq., J.P., Thorpe Hall, Bridlington Botfield, Ihomas, Esq., Hopton Court, Cleobury Mortimer Bottomley, Moses, Esq., Wade House, Shelf, Halifax Boucher, Rev. James, M;A., Lesbury, Alnwick Boughey, Sir Thomas, Bart., Aqualate, Staffordshire Boult, William, Esq., Moulton Hall, near Acle [Honiton Bouike, Thos.,Esq., W'orcester Coll., Oxford, and Sidbury Vicarage. Bourne, The Right Honourable J, Sturges, M.P. Bourne, R. H., Esq., Solicitor, Staindrop, Durham Boustead, Rev. James, M.A., Stockton -on-Tees Boutland, Wm., Esq., Bill Quay, Gateshead, Durham Bouverie, Rev. W. Arundell, Rectory, Denton, Harleston Bowen, Rev. Charles, B.A., Lecturer of Armley, Leeds Bower, Abraham, Esq., Middlethorpe Hall, York Bower, John, Esq., Belle Vue Place, Bradford Bower, Rev. J. W., B.A., Rector of Barmston, Bridlington Bower, Robert, Esq., Welham, Malton Bower, T. B., Esq., Iwerne House, Blandford, Dorset Bowerman, Richard, Esq., Uffculme, near Wellington, Somerset Bowles, Rev. C. B., Woking, Surrey Bowles, H., Esq,, Worthing, Sussex Bowly, Devereux, Esq., Chesterton House, Cirencester Bowman, James, Esq., Union Bank, Huddersfield [ford Bowman, Rev. John, M. A., Incumbent of St. Paul’s, Wibsey,Brad- Bowne, Robert, Esq., Castle House, Winchester Bowness, Rev. George, M.A., Rector of Rokeby, Barnard-Castle Bowyer, J., Esq., Petworth, Sussex Boyes, James, Esq., Beverley Boyle, Rev. J., S. C. L., Incumbent of Brighouse, Halifax Boyles, Rev, C. Gower, M.A., Rector of Buriton Boys, William, Esq., Bridgwater Brace, Vice- Adm. Sir Edward, K.C.B., Catisfield Lodge, Fareham Bracewell, Christopher, Esq., Earby, Skipton Brackenbury, Bennet, Esq., Solicitor, Gainsborough raddon, William, Esq., Skisdon Lodge, Wadebridge, Cornwall Bradford, Rev. John, Newton Abbott, Devon Bradford, Rev. W., Rector of Storrington, Sussex Bradley, Thomas, Esq,, Alnwick, Northumberland Brady, Henry, Esq., Gateshead Brameld, Rev. G. W., Louth, Lincolnshire Bramley, Lawrence, Esq., Halifax Bramley, Richard, Esq., Campfield House, Leeds Bramwell, Thomas, Esq., Field House, Gateshead Brandling, C. J,, Esq., Dep. -Lieut., Middleton Lodge, Leeds Brandling, Rev. R. H., Mjk., & J.P., Seaton-Burn Hall, Newcastle randling, Robt. W., Esq., J.P., Low- Gosforth, Northumberland Brandreth, Rev. W. Harper, M.A., Standish, Lancashire Bray, Rev, William, M.A., Vicar of Hartley- Wintney, Hants Brayshaw,Rev. Timothy, M.A., Grammar School, Keighley Brazier, Henry, Esq., Rye, Sussex Breckon, Robert, Esq,, Solicitor, Whitby Breeds, Messrs, Thomas & Co., Hastings Brereton, Rev. C. D., M.A., Rector of Little Massingham Brereton, John, Esq., Brinton, East Dereham Brereton, Rev. Dr. John, Head Masterof Grammar School, Bedford Brereton, Robert John, Esq., Blakeney, Norfolk Brereton, Rev. Shovell, Briningham, Holt, ditto Brereton, Rev. Thomas W., Vicar of Framsden, near Debenham Breton, John Frederick, Esq., Lyndhurst, Hants Breton, Peter, Esq., Southampton Breton, Thomas, Esq., Bexhill, near St. Leonard’s Brett, Charles, Esq., Exbury House, Fawley, Hants Brewin, Rev. George, Scrayingham, York Brewster, Rev. John, M.A., Vicar of Greatham, Stockton-upon-Tees Brewster, Rev. R. F ., M.A., Killingworth, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Bridge, Richard, Esq., North Curry, near Taunton Bridge, Sealy, Esq., South Petherton, Somerset Bridge, S. F., Esq., Wellington, do. Bridge!’, Charles, Esq.^ Winchester Bridger, H. C., Esq., Buckingham House, near Shoreham Bridges, Francis S., Esq., Horton Hall, Bradford Bridges, Rev. Nathaniel, Henstridge, near Shaftsbury Bndgman, Edward, Esq., Coney-Weston Hall, near Thetford BRIDPORT, The Right Honourable Lord Brigg, William, Esq., Cross Hills, Skipton, Yorkshire Briggs, Rev. Fran. B„ Vicar of St. Stephen’s by Saltash, Cornwall Briggs, Nathaniel, Esq., Ashfield Place, Bradford SUBSCRIBERS. xii Briggs, Bawdon, Esq., South Parade, Wakefield Briggs, Bawdon, Esq., J.P., Birstwith Hall,Bipley Brigham, William, Esq., Lair Gate, Beverley, Yorkshire Briscoe, Musgrave, Esq., Coghurst, near Hastings Bristow, Bobert, Esq., Broxmore Park, Wilts Bristowe, Samuel Ellis, Esq., Basthorpe Hall, near Newark Broadbent, James, Esq., Acre House, Bindley, Huddersfield Broadbent, Samuel, Esq.. Bradford, Yorkshire Broadwood, Bev. John, Bedford House, Worthing Brock, Thomas Glutton, Esq., Pensax Court, Worcester Brockett, William Edward, Esq., Bensham Lodge, Gateshead Brockett, Wm. Henry, Esq., J.P., King James Street, do. Brockman, Bev. Tatton, Vicar of Bottingdeau, near Brighton Brodie, B. B., Esq., 49, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London Bromehead, Bev. A. C., M.A., Bectory House, Eckington, Ches- Bromet, John, Esq., The Grange, Tadcaster, Yorkshire [terfield Brook, Charles, Esq., Healey House, Huddersfield Brook, Mrs. Jonas, West House, Mirfield, Dewsbury Brook, Joseph, Esq., J.P., Greenhcad, Huddersfield Brook & Freeman, Messrs., Solicitors, do. Brook, Thomas, Esq., Badsworth, Pontefract Brook, William Leigh, Esq., Meltham Hall, Huddersfield Brooke, John, Esq., Armitage Bridge, do. Brooke, John, Esq., Berry Hall, Old Walsingham Brooks, Wm. Alex., Esq., C.E., Guildhall, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Brothers, Bev. James, Wissett, near Halesworth Broughton, William, Esq., Solicitor, Bawtry Brown, Alexander, Esq., Beilby Grange, Wetherby Brown, Bev. Dr., Downside College, Midsomer Norton, Old Down Brown, Bev. Edward, M. A., Leeds, Yorkshire Brown, Francis, Esq., Welbourn, Grantham Brown, Isaac, Esq., Cowpen Lodge, Blyth, Northumberland Brown, James, Esq., J.P., Hare Hills Grove, Leeds Brown, Bev. James Humphrey, M.A., Vicar of Dalton-le-Dale, Brown, Bev. Js. L., B.A., Incumbent of Holbeck, Leeds [Durham Brown, John, Esq., Clerk to the Justices, Ne\vcastle-upon-Tyne Brown, John, Esq., Seaton-Delaval, North Shields Brown, J., Esq., M.D., & J. P., Bishop- Wearmouth, Sunderland Brown, Bobert, Esq., Solicitor, Sunderland Brown, Bobert, Esq., Solicitor, Barton-upon-Humber Brown, Thomas, Esq., Solicitor, Skipton Brown, Bev. Thomas James, M.A., Portsmouth Brown, William, Esq., Manor House, Winterborne-Stoke, Devizes Brown, Bev. William, B.A., Wark, Hexham Brown, W. Williams, Esq., J.P., Allerton Hall, Chapel-Allerton Brown, Bev. Wilse, M.A., Egglestone, Barnard-Castle Browne, Bev. C. H., Bector of Blo-Norton, near East Harling Browne, Bev. J. Geoffrey, A.B., Bector of Kiddington, Woodstock Browne, J. T. G., Esq., Morley House, near Wymondham Browne, Thomas, Esq., Thrigby Hall, near Y'armouth Browne, Thomas, Esq., Amble House, Alnwick Browne, Bev. Thomas Briarley, B.A., Wortley, Leeds Browne, Bev. Thomas Cooper, M.A., Darnall Hall, Sheffield Browne, W. J. Utten, Esq., The Lodge, Bramerton, near Norwich Browne, William W., Esq., Jarrow, South Shields BBOWNLOW, The Bight Honourable the Earl Brownrigg, Bev. Thomas, M.A., Incumbent of Boston, Wetherby Bruce, Thomas, Esq., Parham Lodge, near Woodbridge Brumell, H. & G., Messrs., Solicitors, Morpeth, Northumberland Brunton, Thomas, Esq., Town Clerk, Sunderland Bruton, Lieut.- Col., Croford, Wiveliscombe, Somerset Buckingham, The Ven. Archd. of, Shanklin Parsonage, Isle of Wight Buckland, C.E., Esq., Shaftesbury Buckle, John, Esq., Wyelands, Chepstow, Monmouthshire Buckle, Joseph, Esq., Lord Mayor of York, 1842-3 Buckley, John, Esq., Bedgefoot, Todmorden Bucknell, George, Esq., Crowcombe, near Taunton Bucknell, Bobert, Esq., Hulse, near Milverton, Somerset Buckner, Bev. C., Perpet. Curate of Mid-Lavant, near Chichester Bull, Joseph, Esq., Coppice Green, near Shiffnall, Salop Bulmer, George, Esq., Duncan Street, Leeds, Yorkshire Bulwer, Bev. Edward, Sail Bectory, near Beepham Bulwer, Bev. James, Aylsham, Norfolk Bulwer, W. E. L., Esq., Heydon Hall, Beepham Bunkill, Charles, Esq., Wintringham, Brigg, Lincolnshire Bunney, William, Esq., Solicitor, Kingston-lipon-Hull Bunting, Jabez, jun.. Esq., Solicitor, Leeds Burder, William, Esq., Brineton Villa, Shiffnall Burdis, Edward Forster, Esq., North of England Bank, Sunderland Burden, George, Esq., J.P., Heddon House, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Burfield, James, Esq., Hastings Burgh, Henry, Esq., Bittern Lodge, Southampton Burkitt, John, Esq., Selby, Yorkshire Burne, T. H., Esq., Loynton Hall, near Newport, Salop Burnett, Charles M., Esq., Alton, Hants Burnett, George, jun., Esq,, Lead Works, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Burnett, Thomas Hay ton. Esq., Windmill Hill, Gateshead Burney, Bev. Henry, Wheatley Bectory, near Frome, Somerset Burningham, Thomas, Esq., Froyle, Hants Burrell, Bryan, Esq., Bolton, Alnwick Burrell, Sir Charles Merrik, Bart., M.P., Knepp Castle, Shipley Burrell, Henry Peareth, Esq., Little Houghton, Alnwick Burrell, John, Esq., Iron Founder, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Burrell, John, Esq., Wakefield, Yorkshire Burridge, Bev. William, Bradford, Somerset Burrington, Bev. Gilbert, Bector of Woodleigh, Devon Burroughes, H. N., Esq., M.P., Burlingham Hall, Norwich Burroughes, Bev. Jeremiah, Lingwood Lodge, Norwich Burrow, Thomas Dixon, Esq., Settle, Yorkshire Burt, Bev. Alexander, Manse of Arngask, Kinross Burt, Bev. J.T., Perpet. Curate of Seething, Norwich Burt, Thomas B., Esq., East Grinsted Burton, Alfred, Esq., St. Leonard’s on Sea, Sussex Burton, Lancelot Archer, Esq., Woodlands, Emsworth, Hants Burtsal, N., Esq., Bungay, Suffolk Bury, Charles, Esq., Liphook, Hants Bury, Bobert, Esq., Welches, Bentley, do. Busfeild, Bev. Harcourt, M.A., Incumbent of Coley, Halifax Busfeild, Johnson Atkinson, Esq., Solicitor, Bradford Busfeild, Bev. J. A., D.D., Bector of St. Michael’s, Wood Street, y [London, and Carlton Vicarage, Skipton Busfeild, Bev. William, M.A., Bector of Keighley Busfeild, W illiam, Esq., M.P., Upwood, Bingley, Yorkshire Bush, Elijah, Esq., Trowbridge, Wilts Buston, Boger, Esq., of Buston, Alnwick Butcher, Bobert, Esq., The Grove, Bungay Buthon, Peter, Esq., Millbrook, Southampton Butler, Bev. C.B., M.A., Catherington, Hants Butler, Thomas, Esq., Kirkstall, Leeds, Yorkshire Butler, Bev. William James, B.D., Westbourne, Sussex Butterfield, Brothers, Messrs., Keighley^ Butterton, Bev. George Ash, B.D., Uppingham Buttery, John, Esq., Nottingham Buxton, Sir John Jacob, Bart., Schadwell Park, near Thetford Buxton, Sir T. Fowell, Bart., North Bepps, near Aylsham Byron, James Standish, Esq., J.P., West Ayton, Scarborough Caffin, Bev. George B., B.A., Brimpton, Berks Caiger, Capt. Herbert, B.N., Otterbourne, Winchester Calder, Adam, Esq., Shatter, Kelso, N. Britain Caldwell, H. B., Esq., Hilborow Hall, near Brandon Caley, William, Esq., Saltwell House, Gateshead Callander, John Alexander, Esq., Springfield House, Byde CALTHOBPE, The Bight Honourable Lord Calthrop, John, Esq., Stanhoe Hall, near Bougham Calver, Daniel, Esq., Kenninghall, near East Harling Camm, Alfred, Esq., Well Holme, Brighouse, York Campbell, Bev. Colin, M.A., Sunderland, Durham Campbell, Bev. Charles, Weasenham, near Bougham Campion, Edward, Esq., Hexham, Northumberland Campion, Francis, Esq., Solicitor, Thorne, Yorkshire Cane, Bev. T. C., Brackenhurst, Southwell, Notts Cann, Bev. J. S., Wramplingham Hall, near Wymondham Cann, W. B., Esq., Casick House, Wymondham CANTILU'PE, The Bight Honourable Lord Capel, Arthur, Esq., Bulland Lodge, near Wiveliscombe, Somerset Capes, Thomas Hawksley, Esq., Beedness, Goole ; and Howden Cargill, John, Esq., M.D., Eldon Square, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Cariss, Benjamin, Esq., Osmondthorpe Cottage, Leeds Came, Edward Clifton, Esq., Falmouth, Cornwall I Carnegie, Bev. J., Seaford, Sussex Carpenter, George, Esq., Bye, do. Carr, Bev. Charles, M.A., Bector of Burnby, Pocklington Carr, Charles, Esq., Seghill, Earsdon, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Carr, Bev. Cuthbert,B.A., Tynemouth, Northumberland Carr, C. & W., Messrs., Solicitors, Gomersal, Leeds Carr, Bev. Henry B., M. A., Alnwick Carr, John, Esq., Hedgeley House, Whittingham, near Alnwick Carr, John, Esq., Bondgate Hall, Alnwick Carr, John, Esq., Solicitor, Skipton, Yorkshire Carr, John Thomas, Esq., Bussian Consul, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Carr, Bev. John, Alnham Vicarage, Alnwick Carr, John, Esq., Bosewarth, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Carr, Balph, Esq., J.P., Dunston Hill, Gateshead Carr, Bichard, Esq., Stackhouse, Settle Carr, Bobert, Esq., Solicitor, Wakefield Carr, Bev. W., B.D., Incumbent of Bolton -Abbey, Yorkshire SUBSCRIBERS. I xni Carr, William, Esq., Cross House, Wath-upon-Dearne, Rotherham Carr, William Ridley, Esq., Scotswood, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Carrick & Lee, Messrs., Solicitors, Brampton, Cumberland Carrick, Robert, Esq., Croft House, Haltwhistle Carron Company, Carron, by Joseph Danson, Esq. Carruthers, W. T., Esq., J.P., Arthingtoii Hall, Otley Carter, Charles T., Esq., Newgate. Street, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Carter, Rev. John, D.D., Head Master of Gram. School, Wakefield Carter, John, Esq., Knottingley, Ferrybridge Carter, John Thomas, Esq., Hunstanton, near Lynn Carter, Rev. R. Foster, B.A., Rector of Rowner, Gosport, Hants Carter, Rev. T. T., Piddle Hinton, Dorchester, Dorset Carter, Thomas, Esq., Howden Carter, Rev. W., B.A., Incumbent of Old and New Malton Carter, William, Esq., Howden Carter, William Edward, Esq., Solicitor, P#ntefract CARTERET, The Right Honourable Lord Cartwright, Henry, Esq., Hill Hall, near Eccleshall, StaflPordshire Case, William, Esq., Fareham, Hants Cash, Newman, Esq., Scarcroft Lodge, Leeds Cass, William Eden, Esq., Goole Cassels, Rev. Andrew, M.A., Vicar of Batley, Dewsbury Cassidi, Rev. Wm., B.A., Vicar of Grindon, Stockton-upon-Tees Casson, Thomas, Esq., Hatfield Hall, Wakefield Castell, Rev. William, Vicar of Brooke, near Norwich Cater, William, Esq., Wraxham Hall, near Stalham Cator, Rev. Charles, M.A., Rectory, Stokesley Catt, William, Esq., Bishopstone, near Newhaven Cautley, Rev. W. G., Earsham Rectory, near Bungay CAVAN, The Right Honoui able the Earl of Cavendish, The Hon. Richard, Belgrave Square, London Chadwick, Charles, Esq., M.D., Park Row, Leeds Challen, S. H.,. Esq., Shermanbury Park, Henfield,near Steyning Chamberlain, Richard Dineley, Esq., Skipton Chamberlaine, Rev. George Thomas, Rector of Almsford, Somerset Chamberlayne, J . Chamberlayne, Esq., Mangersbury House Chamberlayne, 'I’homas, E-sq., Cranbury Park, Winchester Chambers, John, Esq., Belle Mont, Chapeltown, Sheffield Chambers, Thomas W., Esq., Chinton, near Seaford, Sussex Champney, Thomas Frederick, Esq., Beverley, Yorkshire Chance, James T., Spring Grove, Monument Lane, Birmingham Chandler, Rev. George, M.A., Treeton, Rotherham, Yorkshire Chandler, The Very Rev. G., D.D., Dean of Chichester Chapman, John, Esq., Stakesby, Whitby Chapman, John Mellar, Esq., Usworth Place, Gateshead Chapman, Major-Gen. Sir Stephen, C.B., K.C.B., Fairfield House Chapman, Robert Stiles, Esq., Little Langford House, Wily Chapman, Rev. W. S., B.A., Romsey, Hants Chapman, William Thomas, Esq., Biggleswade Charleton, John, Esq., Sunderland Charleton, Robert, Esq., Lee Hall, Hexham Charleton, Watson, Esq., High Farm, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Charlton, Anthony, Esq., Solicitor, Morpeth Charlton, E., Esq., M.D., 3, Eldon Square, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Charlton, Philip, Esq., Wytherford Hall, near Shrewsbury Charlton, St. John C., Esq., Aspley Castle, Wellington, Salop Charlton, Thomas B., Esq., Chelwell Hall, Nottingham Charnock, John, Esq., The Avenue, Woodhouse, Leeds Chaston, James, Esq., Brundish Lodge, Framlingham Chatfield, Rev. A. W., Vicar of Stotfold, Baldock Chaytor, M. H., Esq., Union Bank, Sunderland Cheadle, Rev. James, M.A., -Vicar of Bingley, Yorkshire Cheales, Rev. Henry, M.A., Harbridge, Fordingbridge, Hants Cheere, W. H., Esq., Papworth Hall, near Caxton, Cambridgeshire Cheney, R. H. Esq., Badger Hall, Shiffnall, Salop Chetham, Capt. Sir Edward, K.C.H., C.B., Haslar Hospital Chevallier, Rev. John, M.D., Aspall Hall, near Debenham CHICHESTER, The Bight Honourable the Earl of CHICHESTER, The Right Rev. the late Lord Bishop of Childe, William Lacon, Esq., Kinlet Hall, Salop Childs, Rev. John Glynn, St. Blazey, Cornwall Chitty, P. M., Esq., Shaftesbury, Dorset Cholmley, Col., Howsham, Whitwell, Yorkshire Chrystie, Captain Thomas, R.N., Hope Street, Edinburgh Clanny, William Reid, Esq.,' M.D., Sunderland Clapham, Samuel Blakey, Esq., Aireworth, Keighley Clapham, Thomas, Esq., Potter-Newton, Leeds Clapp, Rev. Charles John, Rector of Coulston, near Devizes, Wilts Claridge, Henry, Esq., The Mount, York Clark, Rev. George, M.A., Alton, Hants Clark, George, Esq., Barnby Moor, East Retford Clark, Mr. George, Horsham, Sussex Clark, John, Esq., Architect, Leeds Clark, Rev. John, Incumbent of Hunslet in Leeds, and Domestic [Chaplain to Lord Howden Clark, Rev. John Dixon, M.A., & J.P.,BelfordHall, Northumber- Clark, John Graves, Esq., Masboro’ Hall, Rotherham [land Clarke, Abraham, Esq., Holt, near Minehead Clarke, Rev. Henry, M.A., Incumbent of Guisborough Clarke, Joseph, Esq., Manor House, Kippax, Pontefract Clarke, Robert C., Esq., Noblethorpe, Barnsley Clarke, Thomas, Esq., Chard, Somerset Clarke, Rev. Thomas, M.A., Vicar of Mitcheldever, Hants Clarkson, Henry, Esq., Wakefield, Yorkshire Clarkson, Rev. Thomas Bayley, M.A., Badsworth, Pontefract Clavering, John, Esq., Solicitor, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Clay, John, Esq., Laygate House, South Shields Clay, Joseph Travis, Esq., Rastrick, Huddersfield Clay, Patrick, Esq., Mayor of Berwick-upon-Tweed, 1843 Claydon, C. T., Esq., Bawburgh, near Norwich Clayton, Rev. J. Henry, M.A., Rector of Farnborough, Hants Clayton, Thos. Greenwood, Esq., J.P., Bierley Hall, Bradford Clayton, Wm., Esq., J.P., Langclifife Place, Settle, Yorkshire Cleather, Rev. G. P., Chirton, Devizes, Wilts Clements, W. B., Esq., Wadebridge, Cornwall Clennell, Thos., Esq., J.P., Harbottle Castle, Rothbury CLEVELAND, His Grace the Duke of CLIFFORD, The Right Honourable Lord Clifton, Robert, Esq., Brandon, Suffolk Close, Thomas, Esq., Nottingham Clough, John, Esq., Bootham, Yorkshire Clough, The Misses, Feltwell, near Brandon Clubbe, C. Esq., Framlingham Clutterbuck, Rev. Henry, M.A., Vicar of Kempstone, Bedford Clutterbuck, John, Esq., J.P., Warkworth, Alnwick Clutton, Messrs. Robert & John, Whitehall Place Coates, James, Esq., Solicitor, Wetherby Coates, Peter Eaton, Esq., Stanton Court, Stanton-Drew, Somerset Cockell, Charles, Esq., Attleburgh Cockerton, Rev. David, B.A., East Bullington House, Hants Cockerton, Rev. John, M.A., Dronfield, Sheffield Cogan, Rev. T. W., Rector of All Saints, Chichester Colbeck, Harrison, Esq., Leamington House, Newcastle Colbeck, James, Esq., Whorlton Hall, do. Colby, Rev. Samuel, Rector of Little Ellingham, near Attleborough Coldham, H. W., Esq., Anmer Park, near Lynn Coldham, Rev. J., Vicar of Snettisham, do. Cole, Robert, Esq., Holybourn Lodge, Alton, Hants Cole, William, Esq., Newhaven, Sussex Coleman, Henry John, Esq., Town Clerk of Pontefract Coleridge, Francis George, Esq., Ottery-St. Mary, Devon Coleridge, Rev. James Duke, LL.D. Vicar of Thovorton, do. Colfox, Wm., Esq., Rax House, Bradpole, near Bridport [Tyne Collingwood, Edw., Esq., J.P., DissingtonHall, Newcastle-upon- Collingwood, Edw. John, Esq., High Sheriff, 1844, Lilburn Tower Collingwood, Fred. John Woodley, Esq., Glanton Pyke, Alnwick Collins, Rev. Caleb, Rector of Stedham, near Midhurst Collins, Rev. Oliver Levey, M.A., Parsonage, Ossett, Wakefield Collinson, Rev. H. King, M.A., Stockton-on-Tees Collinson, Rev. Rich., B.A., Usworth Parsonage, Gateshead Collis, Lieut.-Col., Upcott House, Taunton* Collyer, Rev. J. B., Hackford Hall, near Reepham Colpoys, Rev. J. A. G., M.A., Rector of Droxford, Alton Colston, Rev. William, A.M., Broughton Hall, Lechlade Colt, Capt. W, O., Rownham House, Southampton Commerell, J. W., Esq., Strood Park, Slinfold, near Horsham Commons, The Library of the House of, by T. Vardon, Esq. Compton, H. C., Esq., M.P., Manor House, Lyndhurst Compton, Thomas, Esq., Sompting- Abbots, near Worthing Comyns, Rev. John, Wood House, Bishops Teignton, Devon Condell, Wm., Esq., Surgeon to the Duke of Devonshire, Baslow Constable, Thos., Esq., Manor House, Otley, Yorkshire Conyers, Edmund Dade, Esq., Coroner, Driffield Conyngham, Rev. John, Weston Rectory, near Norwich Coode, Edward, Esq., St. Austell, Cornwall Cook, Mr. George, Itteringham, near Aylsham Cook, John, Esq., Solicitor, Scarborough, Yorkshire Cook, Thos. Linsley, Esq., Wincomblee, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Cook, William, jun.. Esq., Solicitor, Pocklington Cooke, Rev. Alexander, M.A., Loversal, Doncaster Cooke, Charles H., Esq., Benwell Grove, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Cooke, Rev. Stephen, Vicar of Oulton, Knapton Hall, Norfolk Cooke, Thomas, Esq., Newclose, Newport, Isle of Wight Cooke, Rev. Thomas, Vicarage, Westbury, Wilts^ Cookesley, Rev. H. P., Bungay Cookson, Daniel, Esq., Solicitor, Newcastle-upon-Tyne SUBSCRIBERS. XIV Cookson, Rev. Edward, M.A., Incumbent of St. Mary’s, Leeds Cookson, Rev. Francis Thomas, M.A., St. John’s Parsonage, Leeds Cookson, Isaac Thos., Esq., Newbiggin House, Newcastle-upon- Cookson, Thomas, Esq., Swinburne Castle, Hexham [Tyne Cookson, William, Esq., Bill Quay, Gateshead Coombe, Charles, Esq., Holmes, Broomfield, Somerset Coombs, Mr. John, Bratton, Westbury, Wilts- C.oope, Rev. W. J., Rector of Falmouth, Summerlandi Cornwall Cooper, Rev. Aug., Syleham Hall, near Harleston Cooper, Rev. C. B., Morley P^ectory, near Wymondham Cooper, Rev. George Miles, Vicar of Wilmington, near Lewes Cooper, Rev. Henry, Vicar of Rye, Sussex Cooper, John, Esq., North Cove Hall, near Beccles Cooper, Mrs., Lympstone, Devon- Cooper, James Alfred, Esq., Solicitor, Bradford, Yorkshire Cooper, John M., Esq., Solicitor, Sunderland, Durham Cooper, Samuel, Esq., Solicitor, ShefiSeld Cooper, Rev. William, B.D., Rector of West Rasen, Lincolnshire Copeland, William, Esq., Barnard- Castle, Durham - Copeman, Robert, Esq. Hemsley, near Yarmouth Coppard, Thomas, Esq., Horsham, Sussex Corbould, Rev. William, Tacolneston Rectory, Wymondham Corby, Robert, Esq., Witlingham, near Norwich Corless, Rev. Geo. Jos. Augustine, D.D.,Throptom Hall, Rothbury Cornish, Rev. Sidney W., D.D., Ottery St. Mary, Devon Cory, Samuel, S., Esq., Allington, Bridport, Dorset Cosway, Rev. S., M.A., Chute Vicarage, Wilts Cotes, John, Esq., Woodcote, Shiffnall, Salop Cotterel], Sir John E., Bart., Garnons, Hereford Cottle, Rev. Jaines, B.A., Incumbent of St. James, Taunton Cotton, Benjamin, Esq., Aftbn House, Freshwater,- Yarmouth Coulson, John, Esq., Scagglethorpe, Malton- [whistle Coulson, John Blenkinsopp, Esq., J. P., Blenkinsopp-Hall, Halt- Coulthard, James Battin, Esq., Binstead Hill, Bentworth, Alton Courtney, Rev. S., Vicar of Charles the Martyr, Plymouth Coutts, John, Esq., Wallsend, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Cove, Rev. Edward, B.A., Rector of Thoresway, near Caistor Covey, Rev. Charles, Alderton Rectory, Cheltenham Cowan, James, Esq., LL.D., Grange, Bishop- Wearmouth Coward, Chas. Leach, Esq., Solicitor, Masbrough, Rotherham Cowburn, John, Esq., Solicitor, Settle, Yorkshire [Tyne Cowen, Messrs. Joseph & Co., Blaydon-Burn> Newcastle-upon- Cowthorpe, Rev.;W.**, Rector of Westmeston cum Chillington, Sussex Cox, Rev. James) D.D., Hoxne, near Eye, Suffolk Cox, Rev. James B., Hatch Beauchamp, Taunton Cox, Rev. John Edmund, Aldeby, near Beccles Cox & Co., Messrs., Army Agents, Craig’s Court, London Cox, William Trevelyan,- Esq., Chedington Court, Dorset Coxe, Rev. Rich. Chas., M.A., Vicar of Newcastle-upon-Tyne Coxwell, Geo. S., Esq., St. James, do. Craig, Rev. Edward, Burton Latimer, Kettering - CRAVEN, The Right Honourable the Earl of Graven, John, Esq., Low Mill, Keighley, Yorkshire Craven, Wm., Esq., Cold Spring House, Cullingworth, Bradford Craven, William, Esq., Clapton Lodge, Halifax Crawford, Gibbs, Esq., Paxhill Park, Lindfield, near Cuckfield Crawhall, Geo., Esq., New House, Stanhope, Durham Crawhall, Joseph, Esq., St. Ann’s House^ Newcastle-upon-Tyne Crawhall, Wm., Esq., Stagshaw Close House, Corbridge Crea, Henry, Esq., Whittingham, Alnwick Ciesswell, Rev. H., A.B., Vicarage, Creech St. Michael, Taunton Creswell, John Bowden, Esq., New Court, Topsham, Devon CREWE, The Right Honourable Lord Creyke, Ralph, Esq., J;P., RawcliflTe Hall, Selby Creyke, Rev. Stephen, M.A., Wigginton Rectory, York Cripps, J . M. Esq., Novington, near Lewes Crofts, John, Esq., Solicitor, Bradford Crosse, William, Esq., One House Hall, near Stowmarket Crossland, Thomas P., Esq., Crossland Moor^ Huddersfield Crossley, John, Esq., J.P., Seaitcliffei Todmorden Crow, George, Esq., Ornhams, Boroughbridge Crowe, Mr. William, Ashmanhaugh-Housci near Coltishall Crowther, George, Esq., Churwell Lane, Leeds Crowther, Isaac, Esq., Graft House, Morley, do. Crowther, Rev. James, Vicar of Kingsbury-Episcopi, Somersetshire Crowther, W., Esq., St. John’s, Erringden, Halifax Cruickshank, Robert, Esq., Anglesey 'Villa, near Alverstoke, Hants Cubitt, Capt. Henry, Gatton, near Norwich' Culley, Mutthew, Esq., J.P., Fowberry Tower, Wooler • Cunningham, Rev. Rob., M.A., Polmont House, Falkirk [York Currer, Rev. Danson Richardson, M.A. & J.P., Clifton Hbuse, Curteis, Rev. Jeremiah, Shelton Rectory, near Long Stratton Curtis, H. Porter^ Esq,, Romseyj Hants Curtis, William, Esq., Alton, Hants Curzon, The Hon. and Rev. F. E., Mickleover, Derby Daintry, Rev. John, M.A., Shidfield Parsonage, Fareham Dallas, Rev. Alexander, R, C., Rector of Wonston, Whitchurch Dallin, Rev. R., M.Ai, Vicar of Rudston, Bridlington Dalziel, William, Esq., Long Horsley, Morpeth' - ' Daman, Stead, & Tylee, Messrs., Romsey, Hants Danby, Rev, Samuel, M.A., Malton, Yorkshire Dance, Col. Sir Charles Webb, Barr House, Bishop’s Hall, Taunton Dand, James, jun.. Esq., TogstonHall, Alnwick, Northumberland Dand, Robert, Esq., Field House, Alnwick Daniel, Knights Francis, Esq., Stockesby Cottage,- near-Acle' Daniel, Thomas, Esq., Stoodleigh Court, Bampton Dare, Charles Holcomb, Esq., North Curry, Taunton Darley, Alfred Horatio, Esq., Elvington Hall, York Darley, Charles, Esq.,-Chorne,‘ Yorkshire Darley, Charles Albert, Esq., Burtonfield, York Darley, Henry Brewster,- Esq., J.P., Aldby Park, do. Darling, George, Esq., Hetton House, Wooler Daubeny, Rev. Giles, M.A., Rector of Lydiard Tregoz, Swindon Daubeny, Colonel, K.H., Manse Road Hill, near Frome, Somerset Daubuz, J. B., Esq., Offington House> near Worthing Davenport, Rev. E. Sharington, Davenport House, Wolverhampton Davenport, E. D., Esq., Capesthorne, Congleton Davey, Stephen, Esq., D.L., Redruth; Cornwall Davey, William, Esq., do. do. Davids, John, Esq., West Cowes, Isle of Wight Davidson, Robert, Esq., Revelrig, Currie, Edinburgh Davies, Albert, Esq., Rushall Cottage, Pewsey, W^ilts Davies, Rev. Charles Greenall, M.A., Trinity Church, Wakefield Davies, Rev. David, M.A., Rector of Cliddesdon cum Farleigh Davies, J. E., Esq., Holt, Bradford, Wilts Davies, Rev. Thomas, Bayton, near Bewdley Davis, Rev. John, Ashwick, Old Down, Somerset Davis, Robert, Esq., Mayor of Gateshead Davison, John, Esq., Brandon White-house, Whittingham Davison, Robert Aiskell, Esq., Solicitor, Sunderland Davison, William, Esq., Monk-Seaton, North Shields Davison, William, Esq., Rothbury Davy, Capt. John, R.N., Mount Amelia, Ingoldisthorpe, near Lynn Dawe, Hill, Esq., Ditcheat, near Castle-Cary, Somerset Dawkins, Colonel Henry, Over Norton House, Oxon Dawson, Christopher, Esq., Brandon, Alnwick Dawson, C. H., Esq., Royds Hall, Bradford Dawson, Rev. Henry, Hopton Rectory, near East Harling Dawson, Robert, Esq., Westoe, South Shields Dawson, Thomas, Esq., Poundsworth, Driffield Dawson, William, Esq., Eldon Square, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Day, Charles, Esq., West Cowes, Isle of Wight Day, Rev. Edmund, B.D., Incumbent of Norton, Malton Day, Rev. Henry Thomas, LL.D., Mendlesham Vicarage Day, Richard, Esq., Bexhill, near St. Leonard’s Day, Rev. Richard, Blyford, Halesworth_ Dayman, Henry, Esq., Millbrook, Southampton Dayrell, Rev. R. W., Monk-Hopton,- Bridgenorth Deacle, Rev. Hicks, Vicar of Dilham and Honing, near Worstead Deacon, Rev. George Edward, M.A., Ottery St. Mary, Devonshire Dean, Thomas, Esq., Solicitor; Batley, Yorkshire Dean, William, Esq., Scausby Hall, Halifax Dearden, James, Esq., The Orchard, Rochdale Dees, Robert Richardson, Esq., Solicitor, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Delafeld, Rev. John, Vicar of Tertington; near Arundel Denison, Edmund Beckett, Esq., M.P., Doncaster Denison, Robert, Esq., J.P., Waplington Manor, Pocklington Dennett, Thomas P., Esq., Storrington, Sussex Dennett, William Hugh, Esq., Worthing, do. Dennis, Rev. Luke, M.A., Beverley Dent, Ralph, Esq., Streatlam Castle, Barnard- Castle Dent, Rev. T;, Hollin Hall, Billington-Whalley; Blackburn- De Sa, Manoel Reviz’, St. Alban’s House, Pvyde, Isle of Wight DeThoren, Baron, Underdown, Ledbury, Herefordshire Denton, John Punshon, Esq., Hartlepool, Durham Denton, S. B., Esq., M.D., Joy Lodge, Hornsea Depledge, Joseph Price, Esq., Glass Works, Gateshead, Dew, William, Esq., Swanton Novers, Holt Dewe, Rev. James Byam, B.A., Ravenfield; Rotherham Dewhurst, Isaac, Esq., Skipton-in-CTaven Dewhurst, John,- Esq., do; Dewhurst, William, jun., Esq., Ovenden, Halifax Dewing, R., jun.. Esq., Burnham'Oyery, near Burnham Westgate Dickins, Charles Scrase, Esq., West Stoke Park, near Chichester Dickon, William, Esq., Beal, Ferrybridge, Yorkshire Dickson, John M., Esq., Berwick-upon-Tweed SUBSCRIBERS. Dickson, W., Esq., Clk. of the Peace for N'orthnmberland, AJnwick Diggle, Rev. Charles Wadham, Stratfield Turgis, Hartford Brido-e Dighton, Rev. Edward, Cranmore, Shepton Mallet DILLON, The Right Honourable Lord Viscount Dinning, Henry, Esq., Elford, Belford, Durham Dinning, ^hn. Esq., Mavisbush, Lasswade, Edinburgh Dmsdale, Robert Moses, Esq., J.P., Newsham Park, Staindrop , Ditmas, William, Esq,, Beverley ^ Dixon, Alexander, Esq., Cleckheaton, Leeds Haltwhistle, Northumherland Dpon, Edward, Esq., Saint Cross, Winchester Dixon, Rev. John, B.A., Vicar of Brotherton, Ferrybridge Dixon, ^ev. J,, Incumbent of Ingleby-Greenhow and Bilsdale, D xon, Rev. W., Incumbent of East Ardsley, Wakefield [Stokesley Dixon, Rev. W. H., M.A„ Vicar of Bishopthorpe, and Chaplain to Dobson, John, Esq., High-Seat House, NeLasde^po^^^^^ Dobson, Joseph, Esq., Yorkshire District Bank, Selby Dobson, W^illiam, Esq., Gouthorpe House, do. Docker Rev. Edmund, B.A„ Froxfield and Steep, Hants Dodd, Rev. Edward, M.A., Northwood, Isle of Wight Dodd, William John, Esq., Monk-Wearmouth, Durham Dodds, Isaac, Esq., Hall -Car House, Sheffield Dodds, Ralph, Esq., Pradhoe Street, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Dodman, Martin Esq., Titchwell, near Burnham Westgate Dodson, Rei^ Charles, M.A., Rector of Penton-Mewsey, Hants Dodsworth, George, Esq., Fulford, York Esq. Finedon Hall, Wellingborough Dolby, Miss, Brizes, Brentwood ° Dolman, Thomas W. L., Esq., Solicitor, Beverley Dolphin, Rev. John, South Repps Hall, North Walsham Donne, W. B., Esq,, South Green, Matteshall, near East Dereham Donnison, Rev. J. W. S., Dove House, Mendham, near Harleston Donovan, Alexander, Esq., Framfield Park, near Uckfield Douglas, Adam Thomson, Esq., Moneylaws, Coldstream Douglas, Rev. H., M.A., Whickham Rectory, Gateshead ^ev. James, Broughton Rectory Douglas, Rev. Stair, Ashling, near Chichester ^ Dove, Thomas, Esq., Solicitor, Ne'wcastle-upon-Tyne DowdesWeW, Rev, C., D .D ., S>lau?oTd RWers, Romford, Essex Dowell, Henry, Esq., Solicitor, Sunderland, Durham Downe, Rev, George E., Rushdon Rectory, Higham Ferrers owsing. Rev. Horatio, North Barsham Recto ly, near Walsingham Dowson, Rev. Henry, M.A., Monk-Frystone, Ferrybridge Drake, Sir T. F. E., Bart., Nutwell Court, Woodbury, Devon Drake, Thomas, Esq., Ashday Hall, Halifax Dransfield, John, Esq., Solicitor, Penistone, Barnsley Drayton, John, Esq,, Lyme Regis, Dorset Drummond, Henry, Esq., Albury Park, Guildford Dryden, George, Esq., Bingley, Yorkshire Dudley, Rev. Samuel George, B.A., Wilcot, Witney, Oxon Duesbery, W. D. Thornton, Esq., J.P., Skelton Hall, Yorkshire Duffield, Francis, Esq., Town Hill House, Bradford Dugmore, John, jun.. Esq., Swaflfham Duke, Rev. Edward, Lake House, near Amesbury, Wilts Duncan, Rev. Josepn R., Manse, Dalkeith, Edinburgh fTyne Dunn, Alderman G. F ., Esq., J.P., Bath House, Newcastle-upon- Dunn, Richard, Esq., Heath House, Wakefield Dunn, Thomas, Esq., Mayor of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1843 Dunn, Thomas, Esq., Richmond Hill, Sheffield Duppa, Thomas, Esq., Eg^fdington, Bridgenorth, Salop Durant, George, Esq., Tong Castle, Salop Durnford, Mrs., Good'worth Clatford, Andover Durrant, George, Esq., South Elmham Hall, Harlestone Duriant, Sir 1. H. Estridge, Bart., Scottow Hall, near Norwich Dusantry, Rev. William S., M.A., Rector of Exton, Alton, Hants Dyke, Rev. T. Hart, M.A., Rector of Long Newton, StocTcton-on- Dyson, Jeremiah, Esq., Willow Field, Halifax [Tees Eadon, Henry, Esq., Snaith, Yorkshire Eagles, Ezra, Esq., Bedford Eamonson, Rev. B., M.A., Vicarage, Collingham, Wetherby Earle, Henry, Esq,, Andover, Hants [Yorkshire Easterby, Rev. Richard D,, M.A., Appleton-le-Street, Malton, Easton, Josiah, Esq., Pawlett,near Bridgwater Eastwood, John, Esq., Eastwood, Todmorden Eastwood, William, Esq., Solicitor, Patmos Cottage, do, Eaton, George, Esq., Spixworth, Noiwich Ebbetts, John, Esq., Cley Old Hall, Cley Ecclesiastical Commissioners, The, Whitehall Ecrqyd, Benj., Esq., Ashfreld Terrace, Bradford Eddie, Wm. Hesleden, Esq., Barton-upon-Humber Eddison, Edwin, Esq., Town Clerk of Leeds Edgell, Admiral H» H., Standerwick Court, near Beckingtbn XV Edmondson, John, Esq., Mytholmroyd,' Halifax Edmunds, Rev. Edward, B.A., Chester-le-Street, Durham Edwards, Rev. Edward, A.M., F.A.S., Lynn Edwards, Rev. Edwin, Perpetual Curate of Ashford cum Thorpe Edwards, G« N., Esq,, Henlow, Biggleswade Edwards, Samuel Bedford, Esq., Arlesey Bury, Biggleswade Edwards, Thomas, Esq., Stoketon, near Saltash, Cornwall Edwards, T. P., Esq., Millbrook, near Southampton Esq,, Great Elm, near Frome, Somerset Edwards, William, Esq„ Framlingham Eedle, Rev, Edward, Vicar of Bersted, near Bognor Egerto^ Francis Thomas, Esq., D.L., Roche Court, Salisbury Egles, Gabriel, Esq., Southover, Lewes, Sussex EGREMONT, The Right Honourable the Earl of Epemont, Rev. Godfrey G., Vicar of Barrow-upon-Humber Elam, John, Esq,, Gildersome, Leeds Eld, Francis, Es^, Seighford Hall, near StaflTord Elkins, Edward, Esq,, Newman Street, London Ellershaw, Rev. Henry, M.A., Conisbrough, Rotherham Ellerton, Edward, Esq., Garforth, Leeds Ellerton, George, Esq., Kippax, Pontefract Elletson, John, Esq., Howden, Yorkshire Elliot, Rev. W^m. Henry, M.A., Curate of Scarborough Elhott, Rev. E., B.A., Incumbent of New Mill, Huddersfield E -"'ll’ wur Clerk of the Peace for Northumber- Esq., Gedling House, Notts [land Elhs, George, Esq., Tingley House, Dewsbury ^ Ellis, James, Esq., Green Hill, Bingley Ellis, John, Esq,, High House, Addingham Ellis, John Luttman, Esq,, Petworth, Sussex Ellis, John, Esq., Dewsbury Ellis, Joshua, Esq., Highfield House, Dewsbury Ellis, Wdliam, Esq., Yew Tree House, Morley, Leeds Ellison, Rich,, Esq., Solicitor, Tiokhill, Yorkshire Ellison, Rev. Thomas Noel, Rectory, Huntspill, Bridgwater Elmhirst, Rev, George, B.A., Leeds ^ ® Elsley, C. H., Esq., Recorder of York Elswood, A., Esq,, Bungay, Suffolk El’^Aes, R, C., Esq., Great Billrng, Nortbamptou Embfeton, Dennis, Esq., M,D., Newcastle-upon-Tyne Embleton, Robert, Esq., of Embleton, Alnwick Emerson, T., Esq., Blaydon Lead- Works, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Emly, Henry, Esq., 3, New Square, Lincoln’s Inn, London Emmet, John, Esq., Ovendon Grange, Halifax Empson, Amezia, Esq., Spellpw Hill, Boroughbridg^ ' Empson, Jarvis, Esq., Gqole Hall, Yorkshire Enfield, H., Esq., Nottingham England, George, Esq,, Westbury, Wilts England, Richard, Esq., Binham, near Wells Erskine,The Hon. & Rev.H. D., M.A., & J.P„ Kirby-under-Dale Esdaile, Edward Jeffries, Esq., Cothelstone House, Bishops-Lydeard Etty, Rev, S. J ., M.A., Wootton Vicarage, Basingstoke Etwall, Ralph, Esq., M.P., Longstock-Down, Hants Etwell, William, Esq,, Penton Lodge, Andover Evans, Thomas, Esq., Hereford Evans, Thomas, Esq,, Lyminster, near Arundel Everard, Rev. Daniel, Burnham-Thorpe, near Burnham-Market Everett, Joseph, Esq., Heytesbury, Wilts Every, Sir Henry, Bart,, Eggington, near Derby Ewbank, Jas., Esq,, Redcar House, and Middleham, Yorkshire Ewbank, William, E^sq., Dalby, Whitivell, York Ewen, J. L,, Esq., V alfewood, near Hazelmere, Surrey Exall, William, Esq., Amery House, Alton, Hants EXCISE, Her Majesty’s Honourable Commissioners of Eyre, Rev. A. W., B.A., Vicar of Hornsea and Rector of Riston Eyre, Rev. Charles- W^olff, M. A., Hooton- Roberts, Rotherham Eyre, Rev. James, LL.B., North Dalton, Beverley Eyre, Rev. W., M.A., Rector of Slierfield-upon-Loddon, Hants Eyton, Thomas C.,Esq., Dortnerville, Wellington, Salop Fairbairn, Peter, Esq;, Park, Square, Leeds Falconar, James, Esq.,F.S.A;, Solicitor, Doncaster Falkner, Henry, Esq., Southwell, Notts FALMOUTH, The Right Honourable the Earl pf Fanshawe, Rev. Charles Simon, M.A., Rector of Pawley, Bucks Fanshai^, Rev. John Faithful, M.A„ Incumbent of Lanchester Farley, Rev. Thomas, B.D., Rector of .Duckliiigton, Oxon Farnall, H. Bhrrard, Esq., Lyme Regis, Dorset Farrell, Rev. Maurice, Cardirigton, Bedford Farrer, John, Esq., Grove HousCi Pudsey, Leeds Farrer & Co., Messrs., Lincoln’s In'n Fields, London Farwell, Rev. William, Rector of St. Martin’s, Liskeard Faulds, Andrew, Esq., Darley Hall, Barnsley. Fawcqtt, Rev, Christopher, M,A,, Basco'ttibe Rectory, Amesbury xvi SUBSCRIBERS. Fawcett, Ricliard, Esq., Shipley Hall, Bradford ^ Fawcett, Bev. Robert, B.A., Incumbent of Hilton and Vicar of Fawcus, John, Esq., North Shields [Marton in Cleveland Fayrer, Rev. Robert, Incumbent of Emmanuel Church, Camberwell Fearne, Charles, Esq., Leeds Fellowes, Rev. Charles, Rector of Shottesham, near Norwich Fellowes, Captain Sir Thomas, Knt. C.B., R.N., Gosport, Hants Fendall, Rev. Henry, B.A., Vicar of Crambe, Whitwell, York Fenton, Rev. George, Vicarage, Roystone, Barnsley Fenton, J. C., Esq., Solicitor, Huddersfield Fenton, Kirkby, Esq., Leventhorp House, Leeds Fennyhough, Joseph, Esq., Yoxhall, near Burton-on-Trent Fenwick, Rev. C. Forster, B.C.L., Brook Parsonage, Isle of Wight Fenwick, H., Esq., Solicitor, Red Barns, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Fenwick, Henry Wm., Esq., Stand House, do. Fenwick, John, Esq., J.P., PrestonVilla, North Shields Fenwick, John, Esq., Camp Ville, do. Fenwick, John Manners, Esq., J.P., Gallow Hill House, Morpeth Fenwick, John William, Esq., Solicitor, North Shields Fenwick, T. Wm., Esq., Claremont Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Ferguson, Charles, Esq. , Sunderland Ferguson, Thomas, Esq, Gateshead Low Fell, Durham Fernandes, Joze Luis, Belle Vue, Wakefield Ferrand, W. Busfeild, Esq., M.P., Harden Grange, Bingley Ferris, Rev. Thomas Boys, M.A., Incumbent of St. Luke s, Leeds Testing, Thomas Colson, Esq., Blagdon Court, near Bristol Fetherstonhaugh, Timothy, Esq., Kirk-Oswald, Penrith FEVERSHAM, The Right Honourable Lord Fewtrell, Edwin Alford, Esq., Grammar School, Rotherham Fidler, Rev. I., B.A., Incumbent of Kelbrook-in -Thornton, Craven Fielden, Brothers, Messrs., Todmorden, Yorkshire Fielding, James, Esq., Kerr House, Skircoat, Halifax Fife, George, Esq., M.D., Sunderland Fife, Wm. Henry, Esq., Ellison Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Fillingham, G., Esq., Syerston, near Newark', Notts Finch, Rev. Thomas, B.A., Chaplain to the County Gaol and Curate Firth, Henry Josiah, Esq., Rose Hill, Rotherham [of Morpeth Firth, James, Esq., Upper House, Bowling, Bradford Firth, Thomas, Esq., Toothill, Huddersfield Fischer, Charles Anthony, Esq., Walton, Wetherby Fish, Richard, Esq., Blickling, near Aylsham Fisher, Edward, Esq., Spring Dale, Huddersfield Fisher, Frederick, Esq., Solicitor, Doncaster, /orkshire Fisher, Henry B., Esq., Conisborough, Doncaster Fisher, Joseph, Esq,, Cleeve, Yatton, near Bristol Fisher, Mr. Robert, Chitterne, Heytesbury, Wilts Fisher, Rev. Thomas, Luccombe, Somerset Fishlake, Rev. J. R., Little Cheverel, De^vizes, Wilts Fitzgerald, Rev. R., B.A., Southington Cottage, Overton, Hants Fitzroy, Rev. F. T. W. C., Ringstead Rectory, near Lynn FITZ WILLIAM, The Right Honourable the Earl, 2 copies Flavell, Rev. J. W., Rector of Ridlington, North Walsham Flavell, Rev. J. W., Rector of Stody with Hanworth, Holt Fletcher, Rev. John, M.A., Meaux Abbey, Beverley Fletcher, Joseph, Esq., Rawcliflfe, Goole, Yorkshire Flood, Christopher, Esq., Honiton, Devon Flood, Samuel, Esq., Leeds Floud, H. Esq., Upper Tooting, Surrey Floyd, C. S., Esq., Solicitor, Huddersfield Foliambe, Thomas, Esq., Holme Field, Thornes, Wakefield Folkes, Sir W. B., Bart., Hillington Hall, near Lynn Foote, Ambrose, Esq., Ivy Cottage, West Cowes, Isle of Wight Forbes, Henry, Esq.,- Lister Terrace, Bradford Ford, Rev. Frederick, M.A., Bramshott, Hants Ford, Robert L., Esq., Park Place, Leeds Foree, Rev. C., M.A., Incumbent of Mapleton, Hornsea Forrest, The Right Hon. Sir James, Bart., Lord Provost and Lord ’ [Lieutenant of the City of Edinburgh Forster, Rev. John, M.A., Rector of Ryther, Selby Forster, Rev. John, M.A., Rector of Wickersley, Rotherham Forster, Rev. Joseph, M.A., Rector of Edmondbyers, Gateshead Forster, Richard Carnaby, Esq., White House, Gateshead Forster, Colonel T. W., Halls, Holt, near Melksham Forster, William, Esq., Solicitor, Alnwick Forster, V^illiam Edward, Esq., Bradford Forster, William John, Esq., Tynemouth Forsyth, Thomas, Esq., Wellington Terrace, South Shields Foster, Rev. A., B.C.L., Kingston, Taunton Foster, George, Esq., Cliff House, Horbury Foster, John, Esq., Solicitor, Pontefract Foster, John, Esq., Solicitor, Driffield Foster, John, Esq,, Heptonstall Slack, Hebden-bridge Foster, John W., Esq., Clapham, Settle, Yorkshire Foster, Thomas, Esq., Stainforth, Settle Foster, Rev. Thomas, M.A., Rector of Falstone, Hexham Foster, William, Esq., Solicitor, Settle Foster, W. & H., Messrs., Denholme, Bradford Fothergill, Mark, Esq., Solicitor, Selby, Yorkshire Fountaine, A. Esq., Narford Hall, near Swaffham Fowler, Oliver, Esq., Kingsclere, Hants Fowlis, Mark, Esq., J.P., Heslerton House, Malton Fox, George Colton, Esq., Todwick Grange, Sheffield Fox, John, Esq., Daisy Lee, Lindley, Huddersfield Fox, John, Esq., Cleobury Mortimer, Salop Fox, John, Esq., Woodthorpe, near Nottingham Fox, Rev. Thomas H. Lane, Vicar of Sturminster Newton, Dorset Fox, William Johnson, Esq., Solicitor, Hatfield, Doncaster Foyster, Rev. H. S., Hastings Foyster, Rev. J. G., Rector of All Saints, and St. Clements, Hastings Francis, George Edward, Esq., West End Cottage, Marthain Francis, Thomas, Esq., Mendlesham Francklin, John, Esq., Gonalston, Southwell, Notts Franklyn, Rev. Thomjas Ward, Castle House, Tonbridge Wells Freeman, Thomas, Esq., Ship Street, Brighton Freke, Colonel Henry, C.B., Hannington Hall, High worth, Wilts French, Richard D., St. John, Ilketshall, near Bungay French, Thomas, Esq., Eye, Suffolk Friend, William, Esq., Hart Plain House, Catherington, Hants Frost, Rev. Joseph Loxdale, M.A., Bingley Frowd, Rev. Edward, M.A., Rector of Up. Clatford, Hants Fryer, Joseph Harrison, Esq., J.P., Whitley House, North Shields Fryer, Rev. H. Edmund, M.A., Burley Wood, East Woodhay, Hants Fulford, Colonel Baldwin, Great Fulford, near Exeter Fulford, Rev. Francis, Rector of Trowbridge, Wilts Fuller, John, Esq., Shaw Hill, Halifax, Yorkshire Fuller, Rev. R. Fitzherbert, Lingfield Lodge, near East Grinstead Furbank, Rev. T., M.A., Incumbent of Bramley, Leeds Furner, William, Esq., Brighton, Sussex [Tyne Furness, Rev. J. R., M.A., Vicar of Dinnington, Newcastle-upon- Gaggs, Thomas, Esq., Howden, Yorkshire Gale, Edward Morant, Esq., Upham House, Bishop’s Waltham Gale, Rev. J., Rector of Angersleigh, Taunton Gale, Rev. John Shephard, S.C.L., Hurstbourne Tarrant, Andover Gale, William, Esq., North Fambridge Hall, Maldon Garbert, Jonathan, Esq., Hartlepool Garbett, Edmund, Esq., Wellington, Salop Gardiner, George, Esq., Guisley, Leeds, Yorkshire Gardiner, Rev. R. B., Vicar of Wadhurst, Sussex Gardiner, Rev. Robert, Uffculm, Devon Gardiner, Rev. Robert, Wellisford House, Somerset Gardner, Rev. C., Vicar of East Dean cum Friston, near Eastbourne Gardner, Rev. Dr., Sansaw, Shrewsbury Garforth, Thomas, Esq., Elmsley House, Steeton, Keighley Garland, John, Esq.,'Netherwood Hall, Wombwell, Barnsley Garnett, Richard, Esq., Hill Side, Bradford ^ Gamier, The Very Rev. Thomas, Dean of Winchester, Bishop s Stoke Garrett,' J. G. Esq., Portsdown Cottage, Hants Garwood, John, Esq., Solicitor, Hartlepool • Gascoigne, William, Esq., Solicitor, Leeds Gaskell, Benjamin, Esq., J.P., Thornes House, Wakefield Gaunt, Matthew, Esq., Solicitor, Leeds Gauntlett, Rev. H., M.A., Cricklade, Wilts Gay, James, Esq., Thurning Hall, near East Dereham Geach, Edward, Esq,, Liskeard, Cornwall Geare, John, jun.. Esq., Exeter Gedge, Rev. Joseph, Vicar of Humberston, Grimsby Geldard, John, Esq., South Benwell House, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Geldart, Rev. James W^., LL.D., R.P.C.L., Cantab., Rector of Gell, F. Harding, Esq., Lewes, Sussex [Heighten, Yorkshire George, Rev. W. H., Spaxton Rectory, Bridgwater Gibbs, Charles, Esq., Bishop’s-Lydeard, Taunton, Somerset Gibbs, H. C., Esq., 58, Old Broad Street, London Gibson, Sir Alex. C. Maitland, Bart., Clifton-hall, Kirkliston, Edin- Gibson, Rev. Alfred A., Bradley, Basingstoke, Hants [burgh Gibson, Jasper, Esq., Hexham, "Northumberland , . , Gibson, Bev. John,M.A., Bedlington, Morpeth, Northumberland Giffard, Rev. James, M.A., Vicar of Wootton, Barrow-upon-Hum- Gilbert, Mrs. Davies, Eastbourne, Sussex [ber, Lincolnshire Gilbert, Major Edward, Bartley Lodge, Southampton Gilbert, Thomas Webb, Esq., Philpot Lane, London Gilchrist, George, Esq., Berwick-upon-Tweed , . , Gilderdale, Rev. John, M.A., Lecturer of the Parochial Church, [Halifax, Edgerton Lodge, Huddersfield Gills, Robert, Esq., Eldon Square, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Gilman, S. H. L. N., Esq., Hingham Gilpin, Rev. Bernard, Burnham-Market, Norfolk SUBSCRIBERS. xvii Girdlestone, Steed, Esq,, Stebbington, near Wansford Girling, Captain T, A,, The Grove, near Holt Gisborne, Matthew, Esq,, Walton Hall, Burton-upon-Trent Gleadall, Charles, Esq., Solicitor, Halifax, Yorkshire Glenton, Frederick, Esq., Bensham Lunatic Hospital, Gateshead Glover, The Ven. Archdeacon, South Repps, near North Walsham Glover, Jeremiah, Esq., Field Head, Wakefield Glover, Robert Mortimer, Esq., M.D., Newcastle-upon-Tyne Goddard, Rev. Edward, Vicar of Pagham, near Chichester Godfrey, T. S., Esq., Balderton Hall, Newark Godson, S. Holmes, Esq., Tenbury, Salop Godson, William, Esq., Sandall Grove, Doncaster Goff, Joseph, Esq., Hale House, Salisbury Goldfrap, Mrs., Clenchwarton Rectory, near Lynn Goldie, Rev. Thomas Smith, Minister of Coldstream Golding, Samuel, Esq., Lodge, Walsham-le- Willows, near Ixworth Goldney, Gab., Esq., Chippenham, Wilts Goldsworthy, Major John, Ackworth House, Pontefract [Halifax Gooch, Rev. J. Henry, M.A., Head Master of Grammar School, Gooch, James, Esq., East Dereham, Norfolk Gooch, J. W., Esq., Wooton Place, near Bungay Goodall, William, Esq., The Heath, Halifax Goodenough, Rev. R. W., M.A., Vicarage, Whittingh am, Alnwick Goodman, S., Esq., West Chevington, Felton, Northumberland Goodman, Timothy, Esq., Warminster, Wilts Goodrich, J ohn. Esq., Hopton, near East Harling Goodricke, William, Esq., Houghton-le-Spring, Durham Goodwin, Charles, Esq., Cobland House, Totton, Eling, Hants Gordon, Charles, Esq., Wescombe Park, Honiton, Devon Gordon, Captain Conway, E.I.C.S., 16, Crescent, Southampton Gordon, Rev. Hastings, M.A.,The Minister of Beverley Gordon, Captain James, R.N., Whitby, Yorkshire Goring, H. D., Esq., M.P., Highden, near Shoreham Gorring, H. B., Esq., Seaford, Sussex Gould, Rev. J“. N., B.A., Amberd House, Taunton Gould, John Scott, Esq., Moredon, North Curry, near Taunton Gower, Captain Leveson, Bill Hill, near Wokingham Gowler, Henry, Esq., Rammidge Cottage, Weyhill, Hants Graburn, William, Esq., Solicitor, Barton-upon-Humber Grace, Edward N., Esq., Byker-hill, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Grace, Rev. Henry Thomas, Vicar of Westham, near Eastbourn Grace, John, Esq., Wallsend, New'castle-upon-Tyne Grace, Nathaniel, Esq., Scotswood House, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Graham, Edward, Esq., The Hall, W^orth, near Crawley Graham, Michael, Esq., Solicitor, Middlesbrough, Yorkshire Grahamsley, George, Esq., Laverick Hall, Boldon, Gateshead Grainge, Middleton, Esq., Sunnyside, Gateshead ’ Grant, Mr. Jonathan, East Coulston, Devizes, Wilts Grant, Rev. Robert, Vicar of Bradford- Abbas, Dorset Grant, William, Esq., Stubbington Lodge, near Portsmouth Grantham, S., Esq., Stoneham, near Lewes Grantham, Rev. Thomas, Bramber Rectory, Steyning, Sussex Gratwick, W. G. K., Esq., Ham, near Arundel Graves, Rev. Henry, Rector of Middleton St. George, Darlington Gray, Edward, Esq., Garesfield House, Gateshead Gray, John, Esq., East Lilburn,Wooler, Northumberland Gray, John, Esq., Pagans Hill House, Chew-Stoke, near Bristol Gray, Russell, Esq., Barcombe, near Lewes, Sussex Grazebrook, Thomas W. Smith, Esq., Dallicott House, Claverley Greame, Yarburgh, Esq., J.P., Sewerby House, Bridlington Greaves, Robert D., Esq., Potternewton Lodge, Leeds Green, A., Esq., Parkgate, Ringmer, near Lewes Green, Atkinson & Co., Messrs., Engineers, Wakefield Green, Edwin, Esq., Havercroft, Wakefield, Yorkshire Green, Mrs. Elizabeth, Crossland Moor, Huddersfield Green, Mrs. E. W., Holcombe House, Somersetshire Green, Henry, Esq., More ton. near Newport, Salop Green, James, Esq., Holcombe, near Old Down, Somerset Green, John, Esq., Darlington Green, Messrs. John & B., Architects & Engineers, Newcastle- Green, Rev. John Samuel, M.A., Vicar of Wooler [upon-Tyne Green, Thomas, Esq., Ipswich, Suffolk Green, Thomas Abbott, Esq., Pavenham, Bury, near Bedford Green, Rev. Valentine, M.A., Rector of Birkin, Ferrybridge Greenfield, Rev. B. W., M.A., Shirley, Southampton Greenhow, Edward, Esq., M.D., Dockwray-square, North Shields Greenhow, E. Headlam, Esq., Tynemouth, Northumberland Greenside, Rev. Ralph, M.A., Rector of Crathorne, Yarm Greenstreet, Major-General, Brampton, Hants Greenwell, Richard, Esq., Sunderland Greenwood, Edwin, Esq., J.P., Knowle, Keighley, Yorkshire Greenwood, James, Esq., Woodlands, Haworth, Keighley Greenwood, Joseph, Esq., J.P., Spring Head, do. Yol. I. Greenwood, Richard, Esq., Solicitor, Gargrave, Skipton Greenwood, Wm., jun., Esq., Oxenhope-hall, Haworth, Bradford Greenwood, William Brookwood, Esq., Hinton- Ampner, Hants Gregory, Rev. H., M.A., Grammar School, Witney Greig, James Robinson, Esq., Chiltley, Liphook, Hants Gretton, John, Esq., Burton-upon-Trent, Staffordshire Grey, G., Esq., Middle Ord, Berwick-upon-Tweed Grey, George Annett, Esq.,Milfield Hill, W’^ooler Grey, Thomas Robinson, Esq., J.P., Norton, Stockton-on-Tees Griesbach, Rev. W. R., M.A., Vicar of Millington, Givendale, 6c [Friday Thorpe, Pocklington, Yorkshire Griffith, Rev. Robert C., Corsley Rectory, near Warminster Grigg, Thomas, Esq., Earsham, near Bungay Grimmer, George, Esq., Manse House, Haddiscoe, near Beccles Grimston, Henry Estouteville, Esq., Lingcroft, York Grooby, Rev. James, Vicar of Swindon, Wilts Groves, Captain, Calverleigh, Tiverton, Devon Grylls, Glynn, Esq., Helston, Cornwall Gully, John, Esq., Ackworth-park, Pontefract Gunn, Rev. John, Irstead Rectory, near Norwich Gurdon, Rev- Edward, Reymerston, near East Derebam Gurdon, Rev. Philip, Cranworth, near Shipdham, Norfolk Gurney, Daniel, Esq., F.A.S., North Runcton Hall, near Lynn Gurney, Joseph J., Esq., Earlham Hall, near Norwich Gurney & Birkbeck, Messrs., Norwich Guy, Joseph, Esq., Solicitor, Gainsborough Gwyn, John Fraunceis, Esq., Ford Abbey, Thorncombe, Devon Gwyn, W., Esq., Tasburgh Lodge, near Long-Stratton Haggie, Robert Hood, Esq., Willington, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hague, John, Esq., J.P., Dewsbury & Drighlington Haigh, George, Esq., Bradford Haigh, Rev. J..M.A., Incumbent of St. Thomas’s, Crooke, Sheffield Haigh, S. Wood, Esq., Terrace Cottage, Mirfield, Dewsbury Haigh, Thomas, Esq., Newlaiths Grange, Leeds Hailstone, Edward, Esq., Horton Hall, Bradford Hale, Edward, Esq., Hambledon, Hants Hale, Matthew, Esq., Manor House, Dewsbury Hale, R. Hale Blagden, Esq., Cottle’s House, Melksham Hale, Rev. Robert, M.A., Settrington House, Malton Hall, Rev. E. M., M.A., Incumbent of Idle, Bradford Hall, G. Blyth, Esq., Stafford Hall, James, Esq., Scorbrough, Beverley Hall, Major Jasper, Malshanger, Basingstoke Hall, John, Esq., Kiveton Park, Sheffield Hall, Rev. John, Rector of Upper Stondon, and Vicar of Shillington Hall, Nathaniel, Esq., New Hall, near Henfield, Steyning Hall, Procter, Esq., Solicitor, Keighley Hall, Rev. T., Ropsley Rectory, Grantham, Lincolnshire Hall, Thomas R., Esq., Holly Bush House, Burton-upon-Trent Hall, Thomas, jun.. Esq., J.P., Purston Lodge, Pontefract Hall, William, Esq., Thorpland Hall, near Fakenham Hallewell, Benjamin, Esq., Woodhouse, Leeds Halliday, Rev. Edmund, Trowbridge, Yard House, Taunton Haly, Aylmer, Esq., Wadhurst Castle, near Tonbridge Hambly, Edward, Esq., Wadebridge, Cornwall Hamerton, James, Esq., M.A., Hellifield Peel, Skipton Hamilton, Rev. James, Pv,ector of Ardingley, near Cuckfield Hammond, Rev, J. Parish, Rector of Minestead-with-Lyndhurst Hammond, Joseph, Leominster, Herefordshire Hamond, A., Esq., WestacreHigh House, near SwaflTham Hamond, Miss, Swaffham Hamond, Rev. William, M A., Holdenhurst, Christchurch Hampton, Rev. H., Rector of Little Birch, Herefordshire Hanbury, Edward, Esq., Bloomville Hall, Hacheston Hanbury, Rev. George, Westacre, near Swaffham Hanbury, William, Esq., Moreton House, Colwich, Stafford Hand, Rev. John, LL.B,, Rector of Handsworth, Sheffield Hankinson, Rev. Robert, W’alpole St. Andrew, near Lynn Hanks, James, Esq., Snaith Hanmer, Sir John, Bart., Bettisfield Park, near Whitchurch, Salop Hanson, George, Esq., Wilsden, Bradford Harbin, George, Esq., Newton House, Yeovil, Somerset Harbottle, John, Esq., Anick Grange, Hexham Harcourt, Rev. C. G. V., M.A., Whitton Tower, Rothbury Harcourt, Rev. L. Vernon, West Dean House, near Chichester Hardcastle, Frederick, Esq., Commercial Bank, Halifax Hardcastle, Timothy, Esq., Scalby House, Scarborough Hardcastle, William, Esq., Stainley House, Ripley Hardman, C. F., Esq., Cas tiedown, Hastings Hardy, John, Esq., M.P., 3, Portland Place, London Hardy, John, Esq., 7, Beaumont-street, Oxford Hardy, Thomas, Esq., Birksgate, Huddersfield Hare, Rev. H. J., Docking Hall, Docking b SUBSCRIBERS. xviii \ HAKEWOOD, The "Right Honourable the late Earl of Harford, Rev. Alfred, Vicar of Locking, near Cross, Somerset Hargrave, Joseph, Esq., Monckton Villa, South Shields Hargrave & Sons, Messrs. James, Kirikstall, Leeds Hargrave, "William,, Esq., St. James’ Lodge, do. Harison, W. T., Esq., Folkington, near Eastbourne, Sussex Harland, William Charles, Esq., M.P., Sutton Hall., York Harle, William Lockey, Esq., Solicitor, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Harman, Thomas Leader, Esq,, Westwood Park, Southampton Harneis, Theophilus, Esq., Thorganby HMb Lincolnshire Harris, Alfred, Esq., Spring Lodge, Bradford Harris, Charles, Esq., Fulford Grange, Yorkshire Harris, Henry, Esq., Heaton Hall, Bradford Harris, John, Esq., Civil Engineer, Darlington Harris, J. D., Esq., Hayne, Launceston, Cornwall Harris, William, Esq., Brereton, Rugeley, Staffordshire Harrison, Antliony, Esq.., Loygate Cottage, South Shields Harrison & Brown, Messrs., Solicitors, Wakefield Harrison, Edward, Esq., Settle, Yorkshire Harrison, James, Esq., Architect, Sheffield, Yorkshire Harrison, Robert, Esq., Benningholme Hall, Hull Harrison, Stephen Wright, Esq., Solicitor, Tynemouth Harrison, Washington, Esq,, Knowsley Cottage, Driffield Harrison, Rev. WL B., Rector of Gayton-le-Marsh, Lincolnshii>e Harrison, Rev. William Gorst, M.A., Hart, Hartlepool Hartley, George, Esq., Settle, Craven, Yorkshire Hartley, Rev. J., B.A., Incumbent of Boroughbridge Hartley, James, Esq., The Green, Sunderland Hartley, S. F., Esq., Shaw Hill, Halifax Harvey, Richard, Esq., St. Day, Truro, Cornwall Harvey, Robert R., Esq., Sturminster Newton, Dorset Harvey, William, Esq., St. George’s Place, Barnsley Hasker, Rev, William, M.A., Baughurst, Basingstoke, Hants Hasler, Richard, Esq., Aldingbourne House, near Chichester Hasted, J . S., Esq., R.N., Tarrington Gurney, Old Down, Somerset HASTINGS, The Right Honourable Lord Hatherell, Rev. J. W., Rectory, Charmouth, Dorset Hattall, H., Esq., Rose House, Stockbridge, Hants Hawdon, Robert, Esq., Mayor of Morpeth, 1843.. [Tyne Hawdon, William G., Rsq., Blaydon-foundry, Newcastle-upon- HAWKE, The Right Honourable Lord Hawke, Edward, jun.. Esq., Knottingley, Ferrybridge Hawker, Lieut.-Col., Longparish House, Hants Hawker, Rear-Adml., K.C.H., Ashford Lodge, Petersfield Hawkins, John E., Esq., Manor House, Faringdon, Hants Hawks, George, Esq., J.P., Redheugh, Gateshead Hawks, Joseph, Esq., Sheriff of Newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1843 Hawortth, Benjamin, Esq., M.A., J.P., Hull Bank House, Hull Hawthorn, William, Esq., C.E., The Cottage, Benwell, Newc?istle Hay, The Hon. and Rev. Somerville,, Curate of Bergh-Aptpn Hay, William, Esq., Park-square, Leeds Haydon, W., Esq., Mill Mead House, Guildford Hayne, Rev. Thomas, M.A., Incumbent of Rastrick, Huddersfield Haynes, Robert, Esq., Bellavista House, Westbury, Wilts Haythorne, Eev. Joseph, Vicar of Congresbury, Somerset Hayward, George, Esq., Headingley Hall, Leeds Hayward, John, Esq., VVest Chinnock,, near Crewkerne Haywood, John, Esq., Rotherham Head, Charles, Esq., Solicitor, Hexham Head, Rev. Oswald, M.A., Vicar of Lesbury, Alnwick Heald, Rev. W. M., M.A., Vicar of Birstal, Leeds Heath, Rev. Charles, Hanworth, near Aylsham Heath, Thomas, Esq., Horning, Norwich Heathcote, J. M., Esq., Connington Castle, Hunts Heathcote, William Arthur, Esq., Rolleston, Shrewton, Wilts Heaton, John, Esq., St. John’s Cottage, Little Woodhouse, Leeds Heaton, William Barnard, Esq., Solicitor, G.ainsborough Hedley, Edward Anthony, Esq., M.D., Link Hall, Alnwick Hedley, Samuel, Esq., Coxlodge Cottage, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hedley, Thomas; Esq., Shieldfield, do. Heelis, Thomas, Esq., Skipton Gastle Heigham, John Henry, Esq., Hunston Hall, near Ixworth Heffill, Henry, Esq., Diss, Norfolk Hellyer, Thomas, Esq., Ryde, Isle of WTght Hembrough, John, Esq., Waltham, Grimsby, Lincolnshire Homing, Rev. H., Lurgashall, near Petworth, Sussex tiemmingway, Edward, Esq., Oulton Green, Leeds Henderson, Lieut.-Col., late Royal Engineers, Southampton Henderson, Capt. Gro., R.N., Berkeley Cottage, Bruton, Somerset Hennah, Rev. W. Veale, B.A., Minister of St. James, East Cowes Henty, Sam., Esq., Kingston, near Little Hampton, Sussex Henville, Rev. C. B., M.A., Hamble-le-Rice, Southampton Henzell, Charles Rutherford, Esq., Newcastle-uppji-Tyne Flepper, JatneS, Esq., Canal Cottage, Shipley, Bradford Hepworth, Abraham, Esq., Lindley, Huddersfield Hepworth, Rev. J. W., B. A., Parsonage, Woodkirk, Leeds Hepworth, Rev. William, Botesdale Hepworth, Rev. William, Vicar of G riston, near Watton Hepworth, W’^illiam, Esq., C alder Grove, Wakefield Herbert, Frederick, Esq., Northleach Herbert, Miss R., The Hill, near Abergavenny, Monmouthshire Herbert, Samuel, Esq., Gate Fulford, Yorkshire Herbert, The Honourable and Very Rev. W., Dean of Manchestea’ [and Rector of Spofforth, Wetherby Herne, Rev. J. Buckworth, Rector of West Hendred, Berks Heriot, Rev. George, M.A., Incumbent of St. Anne’s, Newcastle^ Heseltine, Edward John, Esq., Bank, Rotherham [upon-Tyne Hesleden, Bryan, Esq., Solicitor, Barton-upon-Humber Hetherington, Joseph, Esq., Wallsend, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hewetson, Joshua, Esq., J.P., Heckley House, Alnwick Hewett, John Waller, Esq,, Fareham, Hants Hewison, Ions, Esq., Solicitor, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hewison, Lawrence, Esq., Benwell Villa, do. Hewitt, Rev. William, M.A., Ancroft, Berwick-upon-Tweed Hext, Thomas, Esq., Restormill, Lostwithiel, Cornwall Hey wood, Arthur, Esq., Stanley Hall, Wakefield Hey worth. Rev. James, Shirley, near Southampton Hick, Henry, Esq., Solicitor, Stokesley Hick, Samuel, Esq., Solicitor, Leeds Hicks, Charles, Esq., Rye, Sussex Hicks, Thomas, Esq., Hastings, do. Higginson, Edmund, Esq., Saltmarsh, Bromyard, Herefordshire Higham, George, Esq., Solicitor, Bone Gate House, Brighouse Higinbothom, Newburgh, Esq., Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey Hilder, Thomas, Esq., Mays, Selmeston, near Lewes, Sussex Hill, John, Esq., Paulton, near Bath Hill, Rev. John, The Citadel, Hawkstone, near Shrewsbury Hill, Rev. J. Oakley, M.A., Dorton and Ashendon, "Bucks Hill, John, Esq., South Cave, Kingston-upon-Hull Hill, John Hepworth, Esq., M.A., Cantab., Park Square, Leeds Hill, Rev. Melsup, B.A., I^ye Parsonage, Stourbridge Hill, Richard, Esq., J.P., Thornton Dale, Pickering Hill, Captain William, Ryhope, Sunderland Hill, William Wilkes, Esq., Beeston Hall, Leeds HILL, The Right Honourable the late Lord HILL, The Right Honourable Lord Hinckley, Rev. John, Vicarage, Sheriff- Hales, near Shiffnall Hindle, William J., Esq., C.E., Barnsley Hindmarch, William, Esq., Poulter Close, Gateshead Hindmarsh, Luke, Esq., Alnbank House, Alnwick Hipperson, John, Esq., Carleton Rode, near Attleburgh Hippisley, Lady, Stone-Easton House, Old Down, Somerset Hird, Henry Wickham, Esq., J.P., Low Moor House, Bradford Hitchcock, Mr. Harry, Chittern-All Saints, Heytesbury Hoare, Clement, Esq., Vineyard, Shirley, Southampton Hobson, Richard, Esq., M.D., Park House, Leeds Hocken, Rev. W’^m., Rector of St. Endellion, Camelford, Cornwall Hodge, Rev. Edward, Woodfield-Badock, Penryn, Cornwall Hodge, George William, Esq., Solicitor, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hodge, W. C., Esq., Pounds, Plymouth Hodgkinson, Rev. Edmund, M. A., Parsonage, Baildon, Bradford Hodgson, Alfred, Esq., Snaith, Yorkshire Hodgson, H. B., Esq., Acomb House, York Hodgson, Rev. John, M.A., M.R.S.L. Hartburn, Morpeth Hodgson, John, Esq., Bank Side, Hebden Bridge [Tweed Hodgson, Thomas, Esq., Morris Hall, Norham, Berwick-upon- Hodgson, Thoinas Bent, Esq., Registrar for W.R., Skelton, York Hodgson, William, Esq., Solicitor, Staindrop, Darlington Hogge, Rev. Martin, Southacre. near Swaffham Hoggett, Rev. Thomas A., Biddleslon House, Rothbury Holdich, Rev. T. P., M.A., Oxon, St. John’s, Carisbrooke Holding, William, Esq., Elm Grove, Kingsclere, Hants Holdsworth, J., Esq., Belle-field, Wakefield Holford, George C., Esq., New Park, Devizes, W'^ilts Holgate, Rev. Thomas Burton, B.A., Vicar of Bishopton, Stock- Holland, John, jun.. Esq., Slead House, Halifax [ton-upon-Tees Holland, Rev. S., D.D., Precentor of Cathedral, Chichester Holland, Rev. T. E, M., Rectory, Stoke Bliss, Tenbury Holland, Rev. T. A., M.A., Rector of Greatham, Petersfield Hollier, John, Esq., Thame, Oxon Hollingberry, T., Esq., Church House, Northiam, near Rye Hollingsworth, Rev. A. G. H., Vicar of Stow -Market Hollis, W'illiam, Esq., Shire Newton, near Chepstow Hollond, Robert, Esq., M.P., Allegria, St. Leonard’s-on-Sea Holloway, Horatio, Esq., Marchwood Lodge, Southampton Holman, Captain Thomas Holloway, R.N., Great Grimsby SUBSCRIBERS. XIX Holme, Henry, Esq., Solicitor, Leeds Holme, Rev. James, M.A., Vicar of Kirk-Leatham, Guisborongh Holmes, Rev. Henry, B.A., Incumbent of Stainforth, Settle Holmes, Rev. Joseph, D.D., Head Master of the Grammar School, Holmes, Rev. J., Brooke Hall, near Norwich [Leeds Holmes, Rev. J. W., M.A., Stockton-on-the-Forest, York Holmes, Richaid, Esq., Solicitor, Boroughbridge Holmes, Thomas, Esq., West Grove, Halifax Holmes, William, Esq., Brookfield, near Arundel, Sussex Holroyd, John, Esq., White Birks, Ovendon, Halifax Holroyde, James, jun., Esq., Cheapside, do. Holt, Henry, Esq., Mining Engineer, VVakefield Holy, Thomas Beard, Esq., Norton House, Sheffield Hombersley, William, Esq., Peplow Hall, near Hodnet, Salop Home, R., Esq., Solicitor, Berwick-upon-Tweed HOME OFFICE, Her Majesty’s Hook, Rev. Walter Farquhar, D.D., The Vicarage, Leeds Hooper, Rev. James, M.A., Rector of Kingweston, Somerset Hopkenson, John Joseph, Esq., Grimston Hill, York Hopkins, Rev. Adolphus, M.A., Vicar of Clent, Stourbridge Hopkins, Henry, Esq., Hubborne Lodge, Christchurch, Hants Hopper, Ralph Shipperdson, Esq., M.D., East-Parade, Leeds Hopper, Thomas, Esq., Sharrow Lodge, Ripon Hopps, George, Esq., Red House, York Horncastle, John, jun.. Esq., The Yews, Tickhill Horndon, Rev. D., Bicton Parsonage, Devon Horne, Rev. William, M.A., Rector of Hotham, Cave, Yorkshire Hornidge, Samuel Gwinnett, Esq., 10, Bloomsbury-square, London Horsfall, John Garnett, Esq., Bolton Royde, Bradford Horsfall, Rev. Richaid, M.A., Rectory, Normanby, Pickering Horton, John, Esq., Prior’s Lee Hall, near Shiffnall, Salop Hoste, Derick, Esq., Barwick House, near Docking Hoste, Rev. James, Rector of Ingoldesthorpe, near Lynn Hotham, Rev. Charles, M.A., Rector of Roos, Patrington Hotham, Hon. and Rev. F., Rector of Dennington, Suffolk Houchen, John, Esq., Wereham Hall, near Stoke Ferry Houseman, John, Esq., M.D., M.R.C.S.L., Newcastle-upon-Tyne How, Rev. G. A., Vicar of Bosham, near Chichester How, James, Esq., Brook House, Newport, Isle of Wight Howard, Rev. William, Great Witchingham Parsonage, Norfolk Howard, Hon. & Rev. William, M.A.., Tlie Grange, Rotherham Howard, William, Esq., Hartley House, Plymouth Howes, Rev. George, Spixworth Parsonage, Norwich Howey, Thomas, Esq., Lilburn Grange, Wooler Hoy, James Barlow, Esq., M.P., Thornhill, Southampton Hoyle, John Theodore, Esq., Solicitor, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hoyle, Richard, Esq., Denton Hall, do. Hoyle, Robert C.,Esq., Aughton Hall, Sheffield Hoyle, William F., Esq., Solicitor, Rotherham Hubback, Robert Gamwell, Esq., Staindrop Hall, Darlington Hudson, Rev. G. T., West Harptre^, Old Down, Somerset Hudson, Harrington, Esq., J.P., Bessingby, Bridlington Hudson, Rev. J., M.A., Chatton, Belford Hudson, James, Esq., Adwalton, Leeds Hughes, Rev. l3., M.A., Incumbent of Nether-Thong, Huddersfield Hughes, George Hughes, Esq., J.P., Middleton Hall, Wooler Hughes, Rev. Joseph, M.A., Incumbent of Meltham, Huddersfield Hughes, Thomas, ilsq., Hylton Cottage, North Shields Hughes, William, Esq., Browning’s Grove, Framfield, near Uckfield Hughes, W. Hughes, Esq., F.S.A., &c. &c., Bellevue House, Ryde Hughlirgs, Harry, Esq., Halifax Hull, Thomas, Esq., M.D., Beverley Hulme, John Rhodes, Esq., M.D., Scarborough Hulse, Sir Charles, Bart., Breamore House, Sarum Humble, E., Esq., Coldwell Cottage, Chesterfield Humble, George, Esq., Solicitor, Cleckheaton, Leeds Humble, Joseph John, Esq., Prudhoe House, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hume, Rev. Charles J.,M.A., Rector of Meon-Stoke, Alton, Hants Hunt, Rev. George, Barningham Rectory, near Botesdale Hunt, John, Esq., Thornington, Coldstream Hunter, Adam, Esq., M.D., Park Place, Leeds Hunter, Cuthbert, Esq., Walker Cottage, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hunter, John, Esq., Solicitor, Gateshead Hunter, Sir Rich., Knt., Dunlany Cottage, Patching, near Arundel Huntriss, William, Esq., I.ord Street, Halifax, Yorkshire Huntsman, Francis, Esq., Attercliffe, Sheffield Hurst, Robert Henry, M.P., Horsham, Sussex Hurst, William, Esq., Architect, Doncaster Hustler, John, Esq., Bolton House, Bradford Hutchinson, Rev. C. E., Can. Res. Chichester Hutchinson, George, Esq., Ovingham, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hutchinson, John, Esq., Caistor, Lincolnshire Hutchinson, Thomas, Esq., Brotton Hall, Guisborough Hutchinson, Timothy, Esq., Egglestone Hall, Barnard Castle Hutchinson, William, Esq., C.E., Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hutchinson, William Johnson, Esq., Grove, Barnard Castle Hutt, William, Esq., M.P., Gibside, Gateshead Hutton, Rev. C. J., Rector of St. John’s, Ilketshall, near Bungay Hutton, George, Esq., Carlton, Newark Hutton, J|phn R., Esq., Solicitor, Sunderland Hutton, William, Esq., Esplanade, Tynemouth Hymers, William, Esq., J.P., Gateshead Ibbotson, Rev. A., Incumbent of Rawdon, Leeds Ik in, John Arthur, Esq., Scarcroft Grange, do. Illingworth, Jonathan Akroyd, Esq., Bradford Tmeary, Robert, Esq., Jarrow Lodge, South Shields Inge, Rev. John Robt., M.A., Incumbent of St. Mary’s, Portsmouth Ingham, Joshua, Esq., M.A. & J.P., Blake Hall, Mirfield, Dews- Ingham, T. Hastings, Esq., J.P., Marton House, Skipton [bury Ingham, William, Esq., Mankinholes, Todmorden Ingle, John Benjamin, Esq., Bradford Ingleby, Charles, Esq., Austwick, Settle Ingledew, Henry, Esq., Solicitor, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Ingram, John R., Esq., Haugh End, Halifax Ingram, J. A., Esq., Codford St. Peter, Wilts Ingram, W. H., Esq., Ades, near Charley, Lewes Ireland, Rev. John, Rockfield House, Nunney, near Frome Iremonger, Rev. F. A., B.A., Shiptou-Bellinger Vicarage, Hants Iremonger, Rev. Thomas L., Vicar of Clatford, Goodworth, do. IRISH OFFICE, The, London Irvin, Rev. Thomas, M.A., Vicar of Ormesby, Stockton-upon-Tees Irving, George, Esq., Chichester, Sussex Irving, Rev. John W., B.A., Incumbent of Batley-Carr, Dewsbury Irving, Rev. Lewis H., Abercorn, Linlithgow Isham, Sir Justinian, Bart., Lamport Hall, Northampton Iveson, Thomas, Esq., Solicitor, Holmlirth Jackson, Charles, Esq., Banker, Doncaster Jackson, Rev. Charles, A.B., Bentley, Farnham J ackson, Edward, Esq., Beevor Hall, Barnsley Jackson, Rev. H., B.D., Holt Rectory, Norfolk Jackson, Hugh William, Esq\, Leven, Beverley Jackson, John, Esq., Riston Grange, Beverley Jackson, John, Esq., Beverley Jackson, Ralph Ward, Esq., Greatham Hall, Stockton-upon-Tees Jackson, Rev. T. G.,M.A., Studley, Warwickshire Jackson, William, Esq., Knottingley, Ferrybridge Jacob, Rev. Philip, M.A., Rector of Crawley, Hants Jadis, Rev. John, M.A., Vicar of Humbleton, Hedon, Hull James, C. F., Esq., Kirknewton House, Wooler James, Thomas, Esq., Brandon, Alnwick Jarratt, Rev. Robert, Wellington, Somerset Jarvis, Sir Raymond, Bart., Fair Oak Park, Bishopstoke, Hants Jarvis, L. W., Messrs, and Son, Lynn Jary, W. H., Esq., Blofield Lodge, Norwich Jeffcock, John, Esq., Cowley Manor, Sheffield JeflTcock, Thomas Dunn, Esq., Brush House, do. Jeffcock, William, Esq., High Hazles, Sheffield, Yorkshire Jefferson, Matthew, Esq., Lendings, Startforth, Barnard-Castle Jefferson, William, Esq., Pontefract Jefferys, Nath. Newman, Esq., Blighmont, Millbrook, Southampton Jeffrey, Rev. John, D.D., Rectory, Otterhampton, near Bridgwater Jenkins, Rev. David, M.A., Incumbent of Pudsey, Leeds Jenkins, Rev. William, Vicarage, Sidmouth, Devon Jenkins, Rev. William, Selham Rectory, near Midhurst, Sussex Jenkinson, Rev. F., Gnosall, Stafford Jenkinson, Rev. George, M.A., Lo wick, Berwick-upon-Tweed Jenkinson, Rev. J. S., Hastings Jennings, Joseph Crew, Esq., Evershot, near Dorchester, Dorset Jerram, Rev. Charles, M.A., Rector of Witney, Oxon Jervoise, G. P., Esq., Herriard House, Hants Jesson, Thomas, Esq., Beech House, Bransgore, Christchurch Jessop, Adam, Esq., Castleford, Pontefract Jessop, Rev. Thomas, D.D., Bilton Hall, York Jissett, Robert, Esq., Blackdown, Winchester, Hants Joberns, William Southwell, Esq., Ryde, Isle of Wight Jobling, Jn. Creswell, Esq., Newton Hall, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Jobson, William, Esq., Boulmer House, Alnwick Jodrell, Rev. Henry, B.A., Idswonh, Horndean, Hants Johnson, G., Esq., Benwell Colliery, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Johnson, Captain James, Willow Bank, near Ryde .Johnson, John, Esq., Willington, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Johnson, John, Esq., Brigham, Driffield Johnson, Rev. R. L., Binderton House, near Chichester Johnson, Samuel, Esq., Halifax Johnson, Rev. Samuel, Hinton-Blewett, near Bath Johnson, Rev. Thomas, M.A., Hiutop-Ampner, Alresford b2 XX SUBSCRIBERS. Johnson, Thomas, Esq., Doncaster Johnston, William, Esq., Solicitor, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Johnstone, Sir John V. B., Bart., M.P., Hackness, Scarborough Johnstone, Spearman, Esq., Mount Villa, York Johnstone, Rev. Thomas Bryan, Rector of Glutton, Somerset JollifFe, John Twyford, Esq., Ammerdown Park, Kiloiersdon, do. Jones, Frederick Robert, Esq., Birk House, Huddersfield ^ Jones, E.R., jun.. Esq., Solicitor, do. Jones, George Haines, jun., Esq., M.D., Ashling House, Hants Jones, Rev. John, St. Owen-street, Hereford Jones, Rev. John, All Souls, St. Leonard’s, Sussex Jones, J. A., Esq., Llanarth Court, Abergavenny Jones, Rev. Robert, M.A., Vicar of Branxton, Coldstream Jones, Thomas, Esq., Olive House, near Dudley Jones, Thomas Rock Smith, Esq., Solicitor, Sunderland Jones, Rev. VV., M.A., Rector of Morestead, Winchester Jope, William, Esq., Tremeddan, Liskeard, Cornwall Jordan, John, Esq., Whitchurch, Hants Jowett, Thomas, Esq., Bingley Jubb, Abraham, Esq., Halifax Justice, Henry, Esq., Hinstock, near Market-Drayton, Salop Keeling, Rev. F., M.A., Pockthorpe Hall, Driffield Keete, Henry W., Esq., M.D., St. Nicholas, Newport, Isle of Wight Keir, John Mallison, Esq., Solicitor, Barnsley Kekwick, John, Esq., The Holmes, Rotherham Kelk, John, Esq., M.D., Scarborough Kelsall, James, Esq., Bridge House, Ferrybridge Kemp, F. T., Esq., Swardeston, near Norwich Kemp, Nathaniel, Esq., Ovingdean House, near Brighton Kemp, Rev. T., Cooke, B.A., Vicar of East Meon, Hants Kemp, Rev. Sir W. R., Bart., Gissing, near Diss, Norfolk Kempson, Rev. W. Brooke, A.M., Rector of Stoke-Lacy, Hereford Kendall, James, Esq., Solicitor, Pickering Kendall, John, Esq., East Ness, Whitwell Kenmir, George Johnson, Esq., Claremont House, Gateshead Kennaway, Sir John, Bart., Escot House, Honiton, Devon Kennaway, Mark, Esq., Exeter, Devon Kennedy, Rev. Lewis Drummond, B.A., Louth Kennicott, Rev. Richard Dutton, B. A., Horton, Morpeth Kent, Rev. Geo. E. East Winch Hall, near Lynn Keppel, Hon. Major-Gen. G., Ashley, Lymington, Hants Keppel, Hon. and Rev. T. R., Warham Rectory, near Wells Kerrison, M., Esq., Ranworth, near Acle, Norfolk Kett, George S., Esq., Brooke House, near Norwich Kidd, Martin, Esq., Solicitor, Holmfirth Kidd, Rev. Thomas, Croxton Rectory, near St. Neot’s Kilby, Rev. Thomas, M.A., Incumbent of St. John’s, Wakefield Kilner, Rev. William, D.D., Rector of Weyhill, Hants King, Rev. Henry, M.A., Middleton, Beverley King, Rev. John, M.A., Incumbent of Christ Church, Hull King, John, Esq., Loxwood House, near Horsham, Sussex King, J. Esq., Coates, nearPetworth King, R. Meade King, Esq., Walford, near Taunton King, Thomas, Esq., Kirkleatham, Guisborough Kinneir, Richard, Esq., M.D., Cirencester Kinsman, Rev. A.G., M.A., Incumbent of Gildersome, Leeds Kipling, Thomas, Esq., Barnard -Castle, Durham Kirlew, George, Esq., The Mount, York Kirsopp, William, Esq., Solicitor, Hexham Knatchbull, William F., Esq., Babington, Frome Knight, Sir Arnold James, Knt., M.D. Knight, Rev. C. Bridges, M.A., Chawton Rectory, Alton, Hants Knight, Messrs. Charles and John, Cannington, Bridgwater Knight, Rev. John, Perpetual Curate of Heytesbury, Wilts Knight, Rev. Thomas, M.A., Rector of Ford, Coldstream Knight, Thomas, Esq., Alton, Hants Knighton, Sir William W., Bart., Blendworth Cottage, Horndean Knipe, Rev. R. R., Rector of Water-Newton, Wansford, Hunts Knott, Samuel, Esq., M.D., Newcastle-upon-Tyne Knowles & Brown, Messrs., Iron- Works, Rotherham Knowles, George, Esq., Wood End, Scarborough Knowles, L. & L. H., Messrs., Gomersall, Leeds Knowlys, John, Esq., Woodsfarm Lodge, near Crawley, Sussex Lacy, Thomas, Esq., Wood Dalling Hall, near Reepham Ladbroke, James Willis, Esq., Hillyer’s, Petworth, Sussex Laidman, John, Esq., Exeter Laing, George, Esq., Balerno Mill, Currie, Edinburgh Laing, Philip, Esq., Deptford House, Sunderland Lamb, Sir C. M. Bart., Beauport, near Battle Lamb, Henry, Esq., The Rookery, Hawley, Kent Lamb, Henry, Esq., Kettering Lamb, John, Esq., Solicitor, Barnard-Castle Lamb, Thomas, Esq., Andover Lambert, Rev. Burgess, M.A., Misterton, Crewkerne, Somerset Lambert, Rev. Johnson, M.A., Bowes, Barnard-Castle Lambert, J., Esq., Solicitor, Alnwick Lampard, Goodeve, and Bowker, Messrs., Winchester Lance, Rev. William, A.M., Rector of Faccombe, Hants Landon, Rev. James, B.D., Vicar of Aberford, Wetherby Langham, Sir James Hay, Bart., Glyndbourn, near Lewes, Sussex Langley, Rev. John, A.M., All Saints, Southampton Langridge, W. V., Esq., Lewes, Sussex Langstaff, Owen, Esq., Barnard-Castle Lardner, J. H., Esq., Rye, Sussex. Larke, H. R., Esq., Brooke, near Norwich Latham, Rev. Henry, Selmeston Vicarage, near Lewes Lauga, Burman, Esq., Waltham, Great Grimsby, Lincolnshire Lawrell, Rev. John, B.A., Dummer Rectory, Basingstoke Lawrence, Captain J. R., East Harptree, Old Down, Somerset Lawson, William, Esq., Longhirst, Morpeth Lawton, G. Warner, Esq., Eye, Suffolk Layborn, Jonathan, Esq., Wold Cottage, Thwing, Bridlington Laybourn, Jacob, Esq., Nafferton Lodge, Driffield Laycock, Thomas, Esq., Fishergate House, York Leach, Rev. John, M.A., Tweedmouth, Berwick Leadbeatter, Thomas, Esq., Solicitor, Miifield, Dewsbury Leah, Henry, Esq., J.P., Byerley Hall, Bradford Leake, James, Esq., Witney, Oxon Leatham, William, Esq., Beech Lawn, Heath, Wakefield Leather, James, Esq., Beeston Park, Leeds Leather, John Towlerton, Esq., C.E., Dam House, Sheffield Leaver, F., Esq., Nottingham Ledgard, Francis, Esq., Solicitor, Mirfield, Dewsbury Lee, George, Esq., Threapwood, Hexham Lee, James, Esq., West Retford House, Notts Lee, R. T., Esq., Grove Hall, Ferrybridge Lee, Thomas M., Esq., Solicitor, Leeds Lee, William, Esq., St. John’s, Wakefield Lee, William, Esq., Huddersfield ' Leech, Rev. W., M.A., Vicar of Shernborne, near Lynn Leeds, Stephen, Esq., Whitwell, Reepham Leeke, Rev. R. H., Brockton, Newport, Salop Leeke, R. M., Esq., Longford Hall, do. Lefevre, The Right Hon. C. S., Speaker of the House of Commons Le Grice, Rev. Frederick, M.A., Vicar of Great Gransden, Hunts Leeman, George, Esq., Solicitor, York Legard, George, Esq., J.P., Fangfoss Hall, Pocklington Legard, Sir Thomas Digby, Bart., Ganton Hall, Yorkshire [ham Legge, John Robinson, Esq., Solicitor, Houghton-le-Spring, Dur- LEICESTER, The Right Honourable the late Earl of Leigh, Frederick, Esq., Collumpton, Devon Leigh, Robert, Esq., Taunton Leigh, Rev. Wm., M.A., Rector of Pulham-St. Mary, Harleston Leman, Rev. G.O., Perpetual Curate of Stoven, Brampton Hall Leman, Rev. Thomas Orgill, Rector of Brampton, near Halesworth Lempriere, Captain G. Ourry, R.N., Pelham Lodge, Alton, Hants LENNOX, The Right Honourable Lord George Lenthall, Kyffin John W., Esq., Bessels- Leigh, Abingdon, Berks Leslie, Rev. C. W., St. Leonard’s, Sussex Lethbridge, Rev. Charles, St. Stephen’s, Launceston Lewes, John, Esq., Lewes, Sussex Lewin, R. Hutchinson, Esq., Bartley Lodge, Southampton Lewis, Rev. J. B., Kingsbury-Episcopi, near South Petherton Lewthwaite, Rev. George, B.D., Rector of Adel, Leeds Lichfield, William, Esq., Nursling Mount, Southampton Lidbeiter, Richard, Esq., Magdalen, near Steyning, Sussex. Liddell, Christopher, sen.. Esq., Shieldfield, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Liddell, Bev. Henry George, M.A., Rector of Easington, Durham Light, Rev. H. W. M., B. A., Incumbent of Bramshaw, Hants Lind, James, Esq., M.D. , Ryde, Isle of Wight Lingwood, Robert M. Esq., Sufton Court, Hereford Linskill, Rev. John A. P., B.A., Stanhope, Durham Lipscomb, Rev. Francis, M.A., Rector of Welbury-in-Cleveland Lister & Son, Messrs. Robert, Scotswood, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Lister, Francis, Esq., Bank, Goole Lister, George S. Spofforth, Esq., Ousefleet Grange, Goole Lister, George Thompson, Esq., Hollin Close, Bolton Lister, Rev. John, M.A., Incumbent of Stanley, Wakefield Lister, John, jun., Esq., Gateshead Lister, John, Esq., Elmfield, Bramley, Leeds Lister, Rev. J. M., Burwell Park, Louth, Lincoln Lister, Rev. Joseph Martin, B.A., Muckton-cum-Burwell, Louth Lister, Samuel Cimcliffe, Esq., Manningham Hall, Bradford Little, Rev. Robert, B.D., Yarmouth, Isle of Wight Littler, Rev. John, Battle, Sussex [end, Glamorgan, South Wales Llewelyn, Rev. R. Pendrill, M.A., Llangynwyd Vicarage, Bridg- SUBSCRIBERS. xxi Lloyd, George, Esq., Stockton Hall, York Lloyd, Rev. Henry, M.A., Stockton Hall, do. Lloyd, Sir James M., Bart., Lancing, near Shoreham, Sussex Lloyd, Rev. William, Rushall, near Pewsey, Wilts Lloyd, Rev. W. H. C.' Norbury, Rectory, Newport, Staffordshire Lloyd, Rev. Yarburgh G., M.A., Incumbent of Rawcliffe, Selby Locke, Wadham, Esq., Codford-St. Mary’s, Wiley, Wilts Lockwood, Rev. J. W. Knollys, B.A., Incumbent of Ulrome, Long, Frederick, Esq., Shabbington, Bucks [Bridlington Long, Francis Stephen, Esq., Red House, Amesbury, Wilts Long, Rev. Henry, Newton Rectory, near Long Stratton Long, R. Kellett, Esq., Hunston Hall, near Norwich Long, S. M. Esq. Bodney Hall, near Brandon Long, Walter, Esq., M.P., Rood Ashton House, Trowbridge Longlands, Rev. T., M.A., Vicar of Porchester, Hants Longridge, William, Esq., Bedlington Iron- Works, Morpeth Longstaff, Owen, Esq., Barnard-Castle LONSDALE, The Right Honourable the late Earl of Lonsdale, J . W., Esq., Solicitor, Halifax Lopes, Sir Ralph, Bart., Maristow, near Plymouth Loraine, R. G., Esq., Wallington, Surrey Lord, Rev. W. £., Rector of Northiam, near Rye, Sussex Lovegrove, Joseph, Esq., Horsham, Sussex Lovett, James, Esq., Priory, Cricklade, Wilts Lowes, John, Esq., Allens Green, Haltwhistle Lowrey, William, Esq., Barmoor, Berwick-upon-Tweed Lowry, Stephen, Esq., Shieldfield House, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Lucas, Rev. St. John W., Rector of East Hatley Ludlow, H. G. G., Esq., Hey wood House, Westbury, Wilts Lukin, Rev. John, A.M., Rector of Nursling, Hants Lumb, Henry, Esq., Southgate, Wakefield Lumb, Rev. Thomas Dawson, M.A., Methley, Leeds Lundy, Rev. Francis, M.A., Rector of Lockington, Beverley Lupton, Harry, Esq., Thame, Oxon Luttrell, Rev. A. Lownes, East Quantoxhead, Bridgwater Luxmore, Edward, Esq.,Wadebridge, Cornwall Luxford, Rev. G. C. Bognor, Sussex Lyddon, Richard, Esq., Wellington, Somerset Lyddon, Robert, Esq., South Petherlon, Somerset Lyne, Rev. C. P., Rector of West Thorney, near Chichester Lyne, Edward, Esq., W’^adebridge, Cornwall Lyne, John, Esq., Moorswater Lodge, near Liskeard Lynn, F. P., Esq., Mindrum Mill, Coldstream Lyon, David, Esq., Northbrook, Goring, near Worthing Lyon, James, Esq., Dangstone, near Midhurst Lyus, George, Esq., Stow Market Mabbott, W. C. Esq., The Priory, Southover, near Lewes Macauley, Francis Edwin, Esq., Solicitor, Halifax Mac-Carty, Charles E., Esq., Branch Bank of England, Leeds Machell, Rev. Robert, M.A., Etton, Beverley Mack, Rev. W. B., Rector of Horham, Stradbroke MACKENZIE, The Right Honourable Lord Mackenzie, Alexander, Esq., Doorhay Cottage, Porlock, Somerset Mackenzie, Rev. William, B.A., Easington, Durham Macpherson, Rev. A., Rothwell Vicarage, Kettering Maddison, George P., Esq., Cramlington, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Maddison, Rev. John G., A.M., West Monkton, Taunton Magor, John P., Esq., Penventon, Redruth, Cornwall Maister, Rev. H., B.A., Thornaby, Stockton-upon-Tees Major, H., Esq., Simonside Hall, Jarrow, Gateshead Maker, Rev. J. W., Patron and Incumbent of Brede, near Hastings Malcolm, J., Esq., Lamorbey, Bexley, and Gt. Stanhope St., London Maling, Rear Admiral, The Elms, Abberley, Worcester Maling, Edward Haygorth, Esq., Sunderland Mallows, George, Esq., Wattisfield, near Ixworth MALMESBURY, The Right Honourable the Earl of Maltby, Rev. Henry Joseph, M.A., Rector of Eaglescliffe, Yarm Mann, Rev. Charles, Denver, East Hall, near Downham-Market Mann, Rev. Joseph, M. A., Vicar of Kellington, Ferrybridge Mann, Joshua, Esq., Mannville, Bradford Manser, David, Esq., Rye, Sussex Mant, Arthur, Esq., Storrington, do. Mant, Ihomas, Esq., M.D., Truro Cottage, Hayling, Hants Manx, Mrs. Martha, Shalden Lodge, Alton, do. Marchant, Fianc.s, Esq., M.D., Hemsworth, Pontefract Margitson, J. T., Esq., Ditchingham House, near Bungay Marley, John, Esq., High Claremont Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Marriott, John Cary, Esq., Narborough, near Swaffham Marriott, Mr., Taunton, Somerset Marris, George, Esq., Solicitor, Caistor Marsden, Rev. A., M.A., Vicar of Gargrave, Skipton Marsden, John, Esq., Solicitor, Wakefield Marsh, Henry, Esq., Hatherdon House, Andover Marsh, Rev. W. H., jun.. Esq., Lamas Rectory, near Coltishall Marshall, H. Cowper, Esq., W'estwood Hall, Leeds Marshall, James Garth, Esq., Headingley, do. Marshall, John, Esq., Lane Ends, Horsforth, do. Marshall, Joseph, Esq., Street House, near Bradford Marshall, Rev. J. W. H., Rector of Ovingdean, near Brighton Marshall, Michael, Esq., Chew-Magna, near Bristol Marshall, Richard, Esq., Hornsea House, Yorkshire Marshall, R., Esq., Higham Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Marshall & Son, Messrs., Spring Mill, Huddersfield Marshall, William, Esq., Treworgey, near Liskeard, Cornwall Marshall, Rev. W., Vicar of Naseby, near Welford Marter, Rev. Richard, A.M., Millbrook, Southampton Martin, Charles W., Esq., Belvedere, Christchurch, Hants Martin, James, Esq., Gate-Helmsley Martin, J. A., Esq., Sidbrook, West Monkton, Taunton Martin, Sir Roger, Bart., Burnham Hall, Burnham-Market Martin, Thomas, Esq., Hayant, Hants Martin, T. J., Esq., Pulborough, near Petworth, Sussex Martin, William, Esq., Bixley Hall, near Norwich Martin, William, Esq., Hemingstone Hall, near Needham-Market Martin, W. Benne, Esq., Worsborough Hall, Barnsley Martineau, Rev. A., M.A., Vicar of Whitkiik, Leeds Martinson, Edward, Esq., High Hedgefield, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Martyn, Richard W . Esq., Martock, Somerset Martyn, Rev. Thomas Waddon, Lifton Rectory, near Launceston Mason, Captain If. Browne, R.N., Hilfield, Yately, Hants Mason, Rev. Jacob Montague, M.A. , Scarborough Mason, Mathias, Esq., Solicitor, Barnsley Mason, Colonel William, Necton Hall, near Swaffham Massey, Rev. Thomas, B.A., Hatcliffe Rectory, Great Grimsby Massie, Rev. C., Great Finborough, near Stowmarket Mather, Edward, Esq., Solicitor, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Mathew, J. Mee, Esq., F.S. A., Churchyard Court, Temple, London Matthews, Rev. John Jenkins, Rector of Melbury-Osmond Matthews, Rev. Thomas, B.A.^ Rector of Bentworth, Alton, Hants Maton, James, Esq., Manor House, Maddington, Devizes Matravers, William, Esq., Westbury, Wilts Maud, Abraham, Esq., Fleets Rilston, Skipton Maude, Arthur, Esq., Goole Maude, Francis, Esq., J.P., Alverthorpe Hall, Wakefield Maude, Rev. Francis, M.A., Incumbent of Hoyland, Barnsley Maude, John, Esq., Dep. Lieut., & J. P., Moor House, Stanley, Maude, Rev. Thomas, M.A., Elvington, Yorkshire [W’^akefield Maugham, Rev. William, Incumbent of Benwell, Newcastle-upon- Maule, George Frederick, Esq., Huntingdon [Tyne Maunsell, Thomas P. Esq., M.P., Thorpe Malsor, Kettering Maxse, James, Esq., Woolbeding, near Midhurst, Sussex Maxwell, WTlliam Constable, Esq., Everingham Park, Pocklington May, Thomas, Esq., Basingstoke Mayo, Rev. Charles Erskine, M.A., Dalby Rectory, Stillington Me Calmont, Rev. Thomas, B.A., Highfield, Southampton Me Carogher, Dr., Chichester Me Ghie, Rev. J, Powlett, A.M., Oxon, Vicar of Portsmouth Me Kinley, George, Rear-Admiral of the Red, Anglesea Villa Me Michael, George, Esq., Bridgenorth Meade, P. Esq., North Curry, near Taunton Meakin, Mr. John, Brockton, Newport, Salop Measure, J ohn. Esq., Lincoln’s Inn, London Medhurst, Messrs., Hurstbourne-Tarrant, Andover Medlycott, Sir William Coles, Bart., Ven House, Milborne Port Meek, Alderman James, Middlethorpe Lodge, York Meers, Thomas Gay, Esq., Bale, near Holt, Norfolk Meiklam, John, Esq., R.Y.S., Cowes, Isle of Wight Mellor, Benjamin, Esq., Stainland, Halifax Melmoth and Son, Messrs., Sherborne, Dorset Mence, Rev. J. W., B.A., Prestwold, Loughborough Mence, William Cookes, Esq., Solicitor, Barnsley Mercer, Rev. W’illiam, M.A., Incumbent of St. George’s, Sheffield Merest, Rev. J. W. Drage, B.D., Vicar of Staindrop, Durham Merriman, James, Esq., Ashford House, Cannington, Bridgwater Meryon, John, Esq., Rye, Sussex Messiter, Messrs. G. and H., Wincanton, Somerset Metcalfe, George, Esq , Northumberland Square, North Shields Metcalfe, Thomas, Esq.-, West Boldon Hall, Gateshead Mewbuin, Thomas M., Esq., Solicitor, Darlington Meynell, George, Esq., Barrister at Law, York Meyer, Philip Herman, Esq., Stondon Place, Ongar Michell, Rev. H. C., M.A., Minister of Lymington, Hants Michell, J. C., Esq., East Street, Brighton , Micklethwait, Rev. John Heaton, B.A., Denton, Otley Mickle thwaite, Daniel, Esq., South Parade, W^akefield Micklethwaite, John, Esq., Ardsley House, Barnsley xxii SUBSCRIBERS. Micklethwait, Nathaniel, Esq., Taverham, Norwich Middleton, Rev. E. G., M.A., Perpetual Curate of Bembridge Middleton, Peter, Esq., Stockeld Park, Wetherby Middleton, Sir W. E. E., Bart., Shrubland Park, near Ipswich MIDDLETON, The Right Honourable Lord Middleton, William, Esq., Solicitor, Leeds Midgley, Rev. Edward James, B.A., Medomsley, Gateshead' Mildmay, Lady, Dogmersfield Park, Hants Miller, Miss, Anstey House, Alton, Hants Miller, James, Esq., Newcastle-upon-Tyne Milles, W.H.,. Esq., Eilleigh, Chudleigh, Devon Millett, Charles, Esq., Hill Place, Droxford, Hants Millett, John, N. R., Esq., Penzance Millett, Richard, Esq., Penzance Milligan, Robert, Esq., Harden, Bingley Milligan, Robert, Esq., Acacia, Rawdon, Leeds Millington, Robert, Esq., Ordsall House, Retford Mills, John, Jun., Esq., Brandeston Hall, near Eramlingham Mills, Stephen, Esq., Elston House, Orcheston St. George, Wilts Milne, James, Esq., Hay Park, Polmont, Ealkirk. N.B. ffield Milne, Rev. John, M.A., Vice-Principal of the College, Hudders- Milne, Thomas, Esq., Warley House, Halifax Milner, John C., Esq., Thuristone, Barnsley Milnthorpe, Thomas, Esq., High Harrogate Minster, Rev. Thomas, B.A., Woodsome Hall, Huddersfield Milverton, Miss, Eord Abbey, Thorncombe, Devon Milward, George, Esq., Manor House, Lechlade, Gloucester Mitchell, Eli, Esq., Solicitor,. Ossett, Wakefield Mitchell, Joseph, Esq., Architect, Sheffield Mitchell, J., Esq., Wymondham Mitchell, Rev. Walter, B.A., AttercUfife, Sheffield Mitchell, W., Esq., Petersfield, Hants Mitford, Captain Robert, R. N., Hunmanby Hall, Yorkshire Mitton, Michael & Son, Messrs., Solicitors, Pontefract Moffat, Andrew Ker, Esq., Beanley, Alnwick Moffatt, William Lambric, Esq., Architect, Doncaster Mogg, Rev. H. H., M.A., Stone-Easton, Old Down, Somerset Mogg, John Geo., Esq., Manor House,. Earrington-Gurney, do. Mogg, William Rees, Esq., Cholwell House, near Bath Moiesworth, Rev. Hender, Ealmouth, Cornwall Molesworth, Sir Wm., Bart., M.P., Pencarrow, Bodmin, Cornwall MonCk, Charles Atticus, Esq., J.P., Humshaugh House, Hexham Monks, George, Esq., Arundel, Sussex JVIoor, Rev. J. H. C., Clifton, near Rugby .Moore, Erancis George, Esq., M.R.C.S.L., Rotherham. .'Moore, Sanxuel, Esq., Nottingham -Moore, Thomas, Esq., Architect, Sunderland Moore, T. S., Esq., VVarham All Saints, near Wells Moore, William, Esq., Wychdon Lodge, Rugeley, Staffordshire Moorhouse, Thomas, Esq., Solicitor, Halifax .M.ocrhouse, William, Esq., Marine Villa, Knottingley, ferrybridge Moorm.aq, Josiah, Eaq.., Bexhill, near St. Leonard’s, Sussex Mordey, Williafq,Esq., Surgeon, Bishop- Wearmouth More, Bev. Robert ,H. Gayer, Larden Hall, pear Wenlock, Salop Moreliead, Rev.. George Jeffery, Easington-cum-Liverton, Gisbo- Morehouse, Sidney, Esq., Morecreft, Holmfirth [rough Morey, John Egleton, Esq., Doncaster Morfitt, John, Esq., Upper Bank House, Horsforth, Leeds [Hants Morgan, Henry Mannington, Esq., Houghton Lodge, Stockbridge, Morgan, Rev.. Thomas, Vicar ©f Dingestow-with-Tregare, Monmouth Morgan, Wim, Esq., Woodovis, near Tavistock, Devon jVIorphew, Rev. T. C., Terrington, near Lynn Morrice, Rev. William D., B-A., Leeds Morris, E.^ Esq..i High St. Cliff, Lewes Moiris, Rev. George, M.A., Sarisbury, Southampton Morris, Joseph, Esq,, Greenside, Allerton, Bradford Morris, Rev. L. S.., M.A.., Reetor of Thornton, Skipton Morris, W. E.,, Esq., Churw.ell, Leeds Morrish, Joseph^ Esq., Gr.eenside, Allerton,. Bradford Morse, George, Esq., Catton Park, near Norwich Mortimer, John, Esq., Sen. Surgeon of Haslar Hospital, Gosport Mortlock, H., Esq^, Caxton, Cambridgeshire Moss, J. C., Esq^, Kerripston Lodge, near Swaffham Mountain, Rey. Thomas, M.A., Beighton Villa, Sheffield MOUNT SANDEORD, The Right Honourable Lord Moxon, Rev. J. B., Rector of Sandringham, near Lynn [shire Moxon, Rev. William Charles, M.A., Wintringham, Brigg, Lincoln- Muir, Alexander, Esq., Bradford Mules, Charles Hawkes, Esq., M.D., Ilminstef, Somerset Mundy, Charles J. H., Esq., Mavis- End erby, Spilsby Murgatroyd, William', Esq., Birks House, Bradford Murrell, Gibbs, Esq., Lesingham House, Surlingham, near Norwich Musgrave, Simeon, Esq., Kirkstall, Leeds Muskett, H., Esq., Clippesby HbiiSe, near Acle Muskett, J. S., Esq.,.Iutwood Hall, near Norwich Musters, Rev. W. M., Colwick Rectory, Nottingham^ Mytton, H. G., Esq., Cleobury North, Bridgenorth Nairn, Philip, Esq., Waren House, Bellbrd Nanney, Rev. Hugh, B.A,. Jarrow Parsonage, Gateshead Napper, Edward, Esq., Ifold, near Petworth, Sussex Naylor, Rev. Martin Joseph, D.D., Rector of Crofton,. Wakefield Neill, John, Esq., Manager of the Union Bank,. Wakefield. Nell, David William, Esq,, Leeds Nelson, George Brooke, Esq., do. Nepean, Rev. Evan, Heydon Rectory, near Reepham Ness, John, Esq., Helmsley Netherwood, William, Esq., Skipton Nevill, The Hon. and Rev. C., Vicarage, East Grinstead, Sussex Nevin, Rev. Thomas, M.A. , Battyeford, Mirfield, Dewsbury Newbery, Rev. Thomas, M.A., Incumbent of Shipley-cum-Heaton, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, District Bank of [Bradford Newington, Charles, Esq., Highlands,. Ticehurst, Sussex Newland, Major R. B., Midhurst Newlove, Rev. R., M.A., Vicar of Thorner, Leeds Newman, Edward,, Esq., Creech Place, Southwick, Hants Newman, Edward, Esq., Solicitor, Barnsley Newman, Edwin, Esq., Yeovil, Somersetshire Newman, Rev. W. J., B.A., Tankersley, Barnsley Newnham, Rev. G. W., Chilcompton, Old Down, Somerset Newsam, Rev. James, M*A., Middlesborough Newton, Henry, Esq., Solicitor, York Newton, Isaac, Esq., Knaresborough Newton, Rev. J. farmer, B.A.., Kirby-cum-Broughton, Stokesley Newton, Samuel, Esq., Croxton Park, Cambridgeshire' Newton, William, Esq., East Retford, Notts Niblet, J. D. Thomas, Esq., Haresfield, near Gloucester Nicholetts, John, Esq., South Petherton, Somerset Nicholls, Samuel, jun.. Esq., Bridgenorth, Salop Kicholls, Thomas, Esq., Axbridge, Somerset Nicholson, Edward, Esq., Solicitor, Doncaster Nicholson, George K., Esq., Ravensdowne, Berwick-upon-Tweed Nicholson, Rev. Henry, Grafton-Under wood, Kettering Nicholson & Hett, Messrs., Solicitors, Brigg [bridge, Halifax Nicholson, Rev. P. C., M.A., Incumbent of St. James’, Hebden- Nicholson, Captain Ralph, Thornton Park, Berwick-upon-Tweed Nicholson, Robert, Esq., M.I.C.E., Newcastle upon-I’yne Nicholson, Robert, Esq., Bradford, Yorkshire Nicholson, Stephen, Esq., Roundhay Park, Leeds Nickols, Richard, Esq., Barnsley Nisbett,Marsden,&Co., Messrs., Chapel-town Iron-Works, Sheffield Noakes, William, Esq., Ticehurst, Sussex NOREOLK, His Grace the Duke of Norris, Charles, Esq., St. John’s House, Halifax Norris, Rev. Ered,, Rector of Gransden Parva, Caxton Norris, Rev. George Poole, Roseraddock House, Liskeard Norris, James Edward, Esq., Savile Hall, Halifax NORTHUMBERLAND, His Grace the Duke of NORWICH, The Right Honourable the Lord Bishop of Nottingham Subscription Library Nowell, James, Esq., Quarry Hill House, Dewsbury Noyes, H. Crine, Esq., Beaulieu, Hants Oates, Henry, Esq., Spring House, Heckmondwike Ogle, Rev. Edward C., M.A., Vicar of Bedlington, Morpeth Ogle, Rev. Wm. Reynolds, Meesom Hall, Wellington, Shropshire Ogel, Rev. J. S., M.A., Preb, Durham, Kirkley Hall, Newcastle Oldershaw, The Ven. John, Archdeacon of Norfolk Oldroyd, Thomas, Esq., Solicitor, Dewsbury Olive, Rev. John, Vicar of Hillingley, near Hailsham Oliver, George C., Esq., Bramdean Cottage, Alresford Oliver, Royston, Esq., Stansfield, Todmorden Oliver, Thomas, Esq., Steepleton House, Blandford Oliver, William, Esq., Walbottle Colliery, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Olivier, Rev. D. J., Rector of Clifton, Biggleswade Olliver, William, Esq., Courtlands, near Worthing Ommanney, Rear-Adrol. Sir J. A., K.C.B., W arblingtoti, Havant ONGLEY, The Right Honourable Lord Onslow, Hon. Col. Crawley, Upton House, Old Alresford, Hants Ord, Charles 0., Esq,, Solicitor, Stockton-rupon-Tees Ord, William, Esq,, M.P., Whitfield Hall, Northumberland Orde, Charles W., Esq., Nunnykirk, Morpeth ORDNANCE, Her Majesty’s Honourable Board of Orger, Rev. William, M.A., Incumbent of Shirley, Southampton Ornsby, Henry W., Esq., Solicitor, Darlington Orven, Henry, Esq., Solicitor, Worksop, Notts Osborne, Rev. Edward, M.A., Hook Cottage, Horndean, Hants Osborne, Rev. George, M.A., Stainby, Colstersworth SUBSCRIBERS. xxiii Ostler and Sons, Messrs., Grantham Otter, Kev. W. Bruere, Vicar of Cowfold, near Horsham, Sussex Overend, Thomas, Esq., Solicitor, Kirkburton, Huddersfield Overend, Wilson, Esq., J. P., Sheffield Overman, J. B., Esq., Burnham-Sutton, near Burnham- Westgate Overton, Bev. C., Cottingham, Kingston-upon-HuU Overton, Henry, Esq., Solicitor, York Owen, Henry, Esq., Solicitor, Worksop Owston, Bobert, Esq., Solicitor, Erigg, Lincolnsbire Oxley, George, Esq., Park Place, Bradford Oxley, John, Esq., Moorgate, Botherham Oxley, JohrrEox, Esq., Askerne, Yorkshire Oxtoby, W. Christopher, Esq., New Boad, Hriffield Paddon, John, Esq., Eareham, Hams Padwick, William, Esq., Manor House, Hayling, Hants Pagan, Bev. Samuel, M.A., Stanningley, Leeds Page, C. T., Esq., Stiflfkey Old Hall, near Wells, Norfolk Page, Bobert, Esq., Chari ton -Mackrel, Somerton, Somerset Paget, Bev. Edward, M.A., Fair Oalk Lodge, Petersfield, Hants Paige, Bev. Lewis, M.A., Hartlepool, Durham Pain, Thomas, Esq., Winchester Paley, Thomas, Esq., Bowling Hall, Bradford Paley, Bev. James, Vicar of Lacock, Chippenham, Wilts Palin, Mr. William, Cherrington, near Newport, Salop Palmer, Bev. Dr., Yarcombe, Chard, Somerset [Tyne Palmer, Charles M., Esq., St. Mary’s Terrace, Newcastle-upon- Parfett, W. B., Esq., Eversley, Hants Park, Bev. James Allan, M.A., Elwick Hall, Stockton -upon-Tees Parker, Bev. C. F., Bector of Bingshall, Needham-Market Parker, George, Esq., Bixley, Norwich Parker, Bev. Henry, M.A., Bector of Ilderton, Wooler Parker, Hugh, jun.. Esq., Gannow Hill, & of Woodthorpe, Sheffield Parker, John, Esq., M.P., Woodthorpe, Sheffield Parker, Samuel, Esq., Low Elswiok, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Parker, Capt. W., Clopton Hall, Woolpit, near Stow Market Parker, Bev. W. Harris, M.A., Newport, Isle of Wight Parkes, Thos. Wm., Esq., Verulam Buildings, Gray’s Inn, London Parkin, Bev. John, Halton Parsonage, near Hastings Parkin, Thomas, Esq., Blyth, Nottinghamshire Parkinson, Bev. A.M., B.A., Cawthorne, Barnsley Parkyns, G., Esq., Chediston Park, near Halesworth Parry, Bev, John Peers, M.A., Bothal Park, Morpeth Parsley, Samuel, Esq., Worle, Somerset Parsons, Bev. Henry, Bector of Goathurst, Somerset Patchett, John T., Esq., Union Bank, Halifax Patrent, Ambrose, Esq., Corton House, Heytesbury, Wilts Pattinson, Hugh Lee, Esq., Gateshead, Durham Pattinson, William Watson, Esq., Felling,, Gateshead Patton, William, Esq., Devonshaw House, Dollar Paver, Christopher, Esq., Peckfield, Selby Paver, Bev. Bichard, Vicar of Brayton, do. Paul, G. B., Esq., Portland Lodge, Worthing Pauli, Matthew, Esq., Compton-Pauncefoot, Wincanton Pawson, William, Esq., J.P., Mayor of Leeds, 1842, Lawns House, [Farnley, Leeds Pawson, W., Esq., J.P., Shawdon Hall, Alnwick, Northumberland Payne, John, Esq., The Cottage, Milverton, Somerset Payne, Bichard Ecroyd, Esq., Boundhay, Leeds Peachey, Bev. John, Ebernoe, Kirdford, near Petworth, Sussex Peacock, Anthony, Esq., Bauceby, near Sleaford, Lincolnshire Peacock, John S., Esq., Solicitor, Darlington Pearce, Francis, Esq., Hadley Lodge, Wellington, Salop Pearse, Bev. William, Fairlight, near Hastings, Sussex Pearson, Bev. C. James, B.A.,Incumbent of St. John’s, Bradford Pearson, Bev. Jdhn, Garencieres, Little Staughton, Bedfordshire Pearson, Matthew, Esq., Solicitor, Selby Pearson, Thomas, Esq., Croslands, Lockwood, Huddersfield Pearson, Bev. William, M.A., Norton Parsonage, Sheffield Pease, Bev. G., M.A., Vicar of Darrington, Pontefract Peckover, Daniel, Esq., Woodhall, Calverley, Bradford Peel, Lawrence, Esq., Sussex Square, Kemptown, Brighton Peel, Thomas, Esq., Trenant Park, Looe, Cornwall Peirson, John, Esq., Thornton Fields, Guisborough Peirson, John, Esq., Guildhall, Framlingham Pelham, Hon. and Bev. J. F., Bector of Bergh-Apton, Norwich Pellett, Michael, Esq., Arundel, Sussex Pemberton, Balph S., Esq., Usworth House, Gateshead Pemberton, Bichard, Esq., Barnes, Sunderland Pendarves, Edward W. W., Esq., M.P., Pendarves, Cornwall Penrice, Bev. Charles, Bector of Little Plumstead, near Norwich Perigal, Bev. Charles, M.A., Vicar of Ellingham, Alnwick Perkins & Backhouse, Messrs., Ardhitects, Leeds Perks, John, Esq., Burton-upoii-Trent, Staffordshire Perring, J. P., Esq., Combe-Florey, near Taunton, Somerset Perry, Bev. Edward, Vicar of Llangattock-Vibon-Abel, Monmouth Peters, John Weston, Esq., Bridge, South Petherton, Somerset Pettigrew, Bev. Augustus F., B.A., Bishop- Wearmouth Peyton, Sir Henry, Bart., Swifts House, Gxon Phayre, Bev. Bichard, West Baynham Bectory, near Bougham Phear, Bev. John, Earl-Stonham Bectory, Stonham Phillimore, Bev. Bobert, M.A., Vicar of Shipton- under- Wychwood Phillips, George, Esq., Brockton, near Shiffnall, Salop Phillips, Bev. Her.ber;||, M.A., Bector and Vicar of Folkion, Hun- Phillips, John Lort, Esq., Staindrop, Darlington [manby Phillips, Bev, John M., M.A., Vicar of Skidbrooke, Louth l^hillips, T. Bentley, Esq., Solicitor, Beverley Phillips, Thomas John, Esq., Landue, Launceston Phillips, Bev. W, J. G., A.M., Vicar of Eling, Hants Pickcup, Mark, Esq., Solicitor, Bradford Piele, Bev. T. W., Head Master of Bepton School, Burton-on-Trent Pierce, William, Esq., Leominster, Herefordshire Pierson, Sir W, H,, Knt,, Emsworth, near Chichester Pighills, Joseph, Esq., Appeiley Bridge, Bradford Pigott, Francis, Esq., Heckfield, Hants Pilkington, Captain, B.N., Halnaker Cottage, near Chichester Pilling, Albert, Esq., Westfield, Huddersfield Pinckney, P., Esq., Wilsford House, Wilts Piper, Stephen Edward, Esq., Darlington Pippet, George, Esq., National Provincial Bank of England, Bar- Pitman, Harry H., Esq., Exeter [nard-Castle Pitman, Bev. Samuel, Oulton Hall, Aylsham Pix, Thomas, Esq., Woodside, Peasmarsh, near Bye Platt, Alexander, Esq., Worcester College, Oxford Platt, George E. Esq., Denne Park, near Horsham Player, G., Esq., Byde, Isle of Wight Plowman, Thomas, Esq., North Curry, near Taunton Plues, Samuel Swire, Esq., Solicitor, Bipon - Plumer, Bev. Charles John, M.A., Norton, Stoekton-upon-Tees Plummer, Matthew, Esq., J.P., SheriffhiU House, Gateshead Fell Pocock, Bev. G., Vicar of Hailsham, Sussex Pollard, George Thomas, Esq,, Stannary Hall, Halifax Pollard, Joshua, Esq., J.P., Crow Trees, Bradford Pollen, Sir John, Bart., Bedenham, Andover, Hants Pollit, Thomas, jun., Broadgaces, Halifax Pollock, James, Esq., J.P., Gateshead, Durham Poole, Charles, Esq., Height House, Pudsey, Leeds Poole, Francis, Esq., Solicitor, Hartlepool Pope, Bev. Benjamin, Vicarage, Nether Stowey, Bridgwater Pope, John, Esq., Symondsbury, Bridport Popham, C. Wallis, Esq., Trevarno, Helston, Cornwall Popplewell, William, Esq., Solicitor, South Cave, Hull Portal, John, Esq., Freefolk-Priors, Overton, Hants Portal, William, Esq., Laverstoke, Hants Porteous, James Alison, Esq., Tilgate Lodge, near Crawley, Sussex Porr, Bev. George, M.A., Monk-Sherborne, Basingstoke Porter, Charles, Esq., Spital Tongues House, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Porter, Bichard, Esq., Quay Mills, Fareham, Hants Porter, William Henry, Esq., Dunston, Gateshead Potchett, Bev. Brownlow, Great Ponton Bectory, near Grantham Potter, Archibald Gilchrist, Esq., Walbottle House, Newcastle- Potter, Edward, Esq,, South Hetton, Durham [upon-Tyne Potter, H. G., Esq., Jesmond High Terrace, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Potts, Bev. James, B.A., Whorlton, Barnard- Castle, Durham Potts, John, Esq., J. P., Benton Park, Newcastle-upon-Tyne POULETT, The Bight Honourable the Earl Poulton, William, Esq., The College, Huddersfield Powell, Bev. Henry W., M.A., Laceby, Brigg Powell, James, Esq., Chichester Powell, Bev. Bichmond, Boxgrove, near Chichester Powell, William H., Esq., M.D., Fareham, Hants Powley, Bev. J., M.A., Legbourn, Louth Powney, Captain John, Orizava, Chudleigh, Devon Powney, Bev. Henry, M.A., Over Wallop, Hants Poyner, Henry, Esq., Hadley, near Wellington, Salop Pratt, William Dodd, Esq., Architect, Sunderland Pratt, Mr. Samuel, Taverham Church Farm, near Norwich Prescott, Bev. I, Philip, B. A., Bomsey, Hants Prest, John, Esq., York Preston, Bev. H. Edmund, Tasburgh Bectory, near Long Stratforh Preston, John, Esq., IVJearbeck, Settle Preston, Thomas Baynes, Esq., Solicitor, Skipton Preston, Bev. William, M.A., Bebtor of Bul-rhef, aiid Vicar of Pretor, Samuel, Esq., Sherborne' House [Whenby, Ydrkshire Price, Charles, Esq., Teribury, ' Salop Prickett, Bev. Josiah J., B.A., South Cave, Ningstbh-i^on- Pridham, George, Esq., f*lymodth XXIV SUBSCRIBERS, Prime, Richard, Esq., Walberton House, near Arundel Prior, Rev. Henry, B.A., Saxton, Tadcaster Pritchard, George, Esq., Broseley, Salop Procter, Rev. Aislabie, A.B., Alwinton, Rothbury Procter, Rev. William, B.C.L., Vicar of Bishop Burton, Beverley Procter, Rev. William, M.A., Doddington, Wooler Proctor, Rev. George, D.D., Chichester House, Brighton Proctor, Sir W. B., Bart., Langley Park, Loddon, near Norw^ich Protheroe, Rev. T., M.A., Winterslow, Wilts ProAver, Rev. John Merwin, Vicar of Purton, do. Pryce, S. D., Esq., Redruth, Cornwall Pullein, Rev. John, M.A., Vicar of Kirkthorpe, Wakefield Pulley, Rev. William, Hawnes Vicarage, Ampthill, Bedfordshire Pulleyne, Rev. Benjamin, A.M., Vicar of Sheringham, Holt Pulteney, John, Esq., Northerwood, Lyndhurst, Hants Pumfrett, George Betts, Esq., Huntingdon Purcell, Rev. Jas. G., M.A., Vicar of Worminghall, Thame, Oxon Purdy, Robert, Esq., Salthouse, near Cley, Norfolk Purton, Thomas Pardoe, Esq., Fairtree, Bridgenorth Putsey, Rev. William, Incumbent of Kirk-Leavington, Yarm Pycock, Rev. Joseph, M.A., Incumbent of Morley, near Leeds Pym, Francis, Esq., The Hasells, Biggleswade Pym, Rev. Robert, M.A., Rector of Elmley, Wakefield Pym, Rear-Admiral Sir Samuel, Loosleys, Tamerton, Devon Quick, James, Esq., Southampton Quick, John, Esq., Newton House, Devon Raban, William, Esq., Hatch- Beauchamp, near Taunton Rabett, Rev. Reginald, Bramfield Hall, near Halesworth RadclyfFe, Rev. Henry Clifford, B.A., Nun-Monkton, York Raine, Rev. John, M.A., Vicar of Blyth, Nottinghamshire Raines, Rev. Charles Alfred, B.A., Jarrow, Gateshead Ram, Rev. Abel John, M.A., Incumbent of the Minster, Beverley Ramsay, Geo. Heppel, Esq., J.P., Derwent Villa, Newcastle-upon- Ramsay, Ralph, Esq., Scotswood, Newcastle-upon-Tyne [Ty^® Ramsden, Rev. Edward, M.A., Incumbent of Bradshaw, Halifax Ramsden, Robert, Esq., Carlton Hall, Worksop, Notts Ramshaw, Rev. Christopher, M.A., Vicar of Fewston, Otley Ramskill, John, Esq., Solicitor, Pontefract Rand, John, Esq., J.P., Wheatley Hall, Bradford Randall, Rev. J., M.A., Incumbent of Hawley, Hants Randolph, Rev. Charles, M.A., Rector of Kimpton, Andover Randolph, James, Esq., Milverton, Somerset Ransom, John, Esq., Holt, Norfolk Ranson, George Smith, Esq., Solicitor, Sunderland Raven, John, Esq., Summerfield, near Docking, Norfolk Ravenshaw, Rev. Edward, Rector of West Kington, Chippenham RAVENSWORTH, The Right Honourable Lord Rawlings, Rev. James, M.A., Rector of St. Pinnock, Cornwall Rawlins, Rev. Christopher, Vicar of Thornton cum Allerthorpe, Rawlins, George, Esq., Woolverton Park, Hants [Pocklington Rawson, Christopher, Esq., Hope House, Halifax Rawson, Edward, Esq., Ash Grove, do. Rawson, John, Esq., Solicitor, Bradford Rawson, Thomas W., Esq., Belvedere, Bradford Rawson, George, Esq., Nottingham do. Rawstorne, Walker, Esq., Architect, Raymond, Rev. G., Rector of Symondsbury, Bridport [upon-Tees Raymond, Rev. Jn. Mayne St. Clere, M.A., Norton, near Stockton- Rayne, Charles, Carville House, Walls End, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Rayner, Thomas, Esq., Solicitor, Sheffield Rayson, Robert, Esq., Stockton- upon-Tees Rea, James, Esq., North Middleton, Wooler Read, Henry, Esq., Worlingham, near Beccles Read, Mr. James B., Penryn, Cornwall Read, J. Offley Crewe, Esq., Laverton House, Southampton Read, John, Esq., Derwent Hall, Sheffield Read, Rev. Thos. Fr. R., M.A., Rector of Full-Sutton, Pocklington Read, W. H. Rudston, Esq.,M.A., F.L.S., J.P.,Hayton, do. Reade, Rev. R., B.A., Rector of Romaldkirk, Barnard- Castle Ready, Rev. H., Rector of Waxham, near Stalham, Norfolk Redgrave, Mark, Esq., Catton Lodge, Norwich Redmayne, Thomas, Esq., Tadlands, Stainforth, Settle Reed, Rev. Christopher, M.A., Vicar of Tynemouth Reed, George, Esq., Manor House, Burnham, Bridgwater Reed, Henry John, Esq., Solicitor, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Rees, Rev. Samuel, Vicar of Horsey, North Walsham Register, the General, Office for Births, Marriages, and Deaths Reid, James, Esq., Shieldfield, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Rennoldson, John, Esq., Jesmond Grove, do. Reynard, Charles, Esq., Hob Green, Ripley Reynolds, William, Esq,, Treyenson, Redruth, Cornwall Rhoades, Thomas, Esq., Chichester Rhodes, Rev. James Armitage, M.A., J.P., Horsforth Hall, Leeds Rice, Rev. Francis W., B.A., Vicar of Fairford, Gloucestershire Rice, Henry, Esq., Newport, Isle of Wight Rice, Howard, Esq., Stoneham Cottage, Highfield, Southampton Richards, J. W., Esq., Stapleton, Martock, Somerset Richards, Rev. S. More, M. A., Incumbent of Thorpe, Rotherham Richards, Rev. Thos., Vicar of Icklesham, near Winchelsea, Sussex Richards, Rev. William, A.M., Reading, Berks Richardson, Rear-Admiral Sir C., K.C.B., Painsthorpe, Pocklington Richardson, Col., Life Guards, Blue, Fulford House, York Richardson, John, Esq., Heydon, near Reepham, Norfolk Richardson, Jonathan, Esq., Shotley Bridge, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Richardson, Thomas, Esq., Eden Vale, Castle Eden, Durham Richardson, Rev. William, M.A., Sherburn House, do. Richardson, Wormley E., Esq., Riccall Hall, Selby, Yorkshire Richardson, W. W., Esq., Findon Place, near Worthing Richmond, Rev. G., M.A., Grammar School, Haydon Bridge Ricketts, G. R. G., Esq., Woodside, North Stoneham, Southampton Rickman, John, Esq., Willingham, near Lewes [Tyne Riddell, Edward, Esq., J.P., Cheeseburn Grange, Newcastle-upon- Ridding, Thomas, Esq., Hawthorn Cottage, Southampton Ridehalgh, John, Esq., Solicitor, Brigroyd, Halifax Ridehalgh, Richard, Esq., Solicitor, Bradford Ridge, William, Esq., Stoneham, near Lewes Ridley, John, Esq., Solicitor, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Ridley, John, Esq., Alderman & J.P., do. Ridley, John, Esq., Park End House, Hexham Ridley, Sir Mathew White, Bart., Blagdon, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Ridley, Samuel, Esq., Shieldfield, do. Ridley, Thomas, Esq., Solicitor, do. Ridsdale, George, Esq., Old Hall, Wakefield Ridsdale, John, Esq., North Grove, Wetherby [Driffield ^j^hy. Rev. J., Vicar of Hutton-Cranswick, & P.C. of Beswick, Riley, John, Esq., Hawksclough, Hebden Bridge Ripley, Edward, Esq., Lodge, Bowling, Bradford Ripley, George Bates, Esq., do. do. Rippingall, Rev. S. Frost, Langham, near Holt, Norfolk Rippon, George, Esq., J.P., Water- Ville, North Shields Rising, William, Esq., Somerton Hall, Yarmouth Ritso, F. Esq., Cley Hall, near Holt Ritso, Captain John, South Parade, Doncaster Robb, Major F. C., E.I.C.S., Woolston Lawn, Southampton Roberson, Rev. F. Berners, M.A.,Ovingham, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Roberson, Henry, Esq., Healds Hall, Liversedge, Leeds Robert, Joseph Edward, Esq., Solicitor, Delph, Saddleworth Roberts, Rev. George, Vicar of Monmouth Robertson, Rev. Ebenezer, Rector of Mottiston, Isle of Wight Robertson, George, Esq., Thornton Dale, Pickering Robins, Foster, and Co., Messrs., East Cornwall Bank, Liskeard Robins, Thomas, Esq., Liskeard, Cornwall Robinson, Benjamin, Esq., M.D., Rotherham Robinson, Benjamin, Lane, Huddersfield Robinson, Rev. Christopher, M.A. & J.P., Kirknewton, Wooler Robinson, Edward, jun., Esq., Newport, Isle of Wight Robinson, George, Esq., Houghton-le-Spring Robinson, George, Esq., Solicitor, Rotherham Robinson, Rev. G. Alington, B.A., Rector of Irby- upon-H umber Robinson, Rev. John, M.A., Rectory, Be ntham. Settle Robinson, John, Esq., Craven Bank, Skipton Robinson, John, Esq., South Shields Robinson, John E., Esq., Coatham, Guisborough Robinson, Thomas, Esq., Fluddersfield Robinson, Thomas, Esq., Potternewton & Leeds Robinson, Thomas, Esq., Darlington Robinson, Thomas, Esq., Harrogate Robinson, W. Robinson, Esq., Silksworth Hall, Sunderland Robinson, Rev. W. B., Rector of Littlington, Lewes Robson, Edward, Esq., Swalwell, Gateshead Robson, Rev. Js., M.A. & J.P., Ponteland, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Robson, John, Esq., Hetton, Durham Robson, John, Esq., Monk-Wearmouth [Bridge Robson, Rev. John Evans, M.A., Incumbent of Hartwith, Pateley Robson, Joseph, Esq., Gateshead Park, Durham Robson, Thomas, Esq., The Heath, Halifax Rodwell, George, Esq., Burnham- Deepdale, Norfolk Rodgers, Rev. Chailes Eboral, M.A., Vicar of Harworth, Bawtry Rodgers & Sons, Messrs. Joseph, Cutlers, Sheffield, Yorkshire Rogers, Arundel, Esq., Helston, Cornwall Rogers, Henry, Esq., Thetford Rogers, John Jenkins, Esq., Huntspill Court, Bridgwater Rogers, Rev. J. M.A., Canon of Exeter, Penrose, Cornwall Rogers, Joseph, Esq., Cross Flatts House, Beeston, Leeds Rogers, Rev. R. G., Rector of Yailington, Somerset Rogers, Lieutenant-Colonel W. Cooper, Highfield, Southampton SUBSCRIBERS. XXV Rogerson, Thomas, Esq., Grove House, Bramley ; Leeds Rokeby, Langham, Esq., Arthingworth Hall, Northampton [Lynn Rolfe, Rev. S. C. E. N., Vicar of Heacham, Heacham Hall, near Romney, Rev. John, M.A., Cramlington, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Rooke, Rev. Willoughby, M.A., Old Alresford, Hants Roots, Dr. William, Surbiton, Kingston- upon-Thames Roper, John, Esq., York Roper, Rev. T. A., Clifton, Nottingham Roper, Rev. T. R., WTck Hill House, Hove, near Brighton^ Rose, J. C., Esq., Cransley Hall, near Kettering Rose, Sir George, Bart., M.P., Christchurch, Hants [House, Settle Roughsedge, Hornby, Esq., J .P., Foxghyll, Ambleside; & Bentham Roundell, Richard Henry, Esq., J.P., Gledstone, Skipton Rous, Rev. George, Rector of Laverton, Somersetshire Rouse, Joshua, Esq., Barkisland, Halifax Rowden, Rev. F. Marmaduke, B.A., Highworth, Wilts Rowden, Mr. John, Heytesbury, WTlts Rowell, Thomas, Esq., Mayor of Hartlepool in 1843 Rowley, Rev. Thomas, D.D., Bridgenorth, Salop Roxby, James William, Esq., J.P., Ogle Terrace, South Shields Royle, Rev. John, Rector of Compton-Martin, Somersetshire Royston, Aquila E., Esq., West Parade, Halifax Rudd, Rev. Edward, D.D., Trebartha Hall, Cornwall Rudd, J. B., Esq., Guisborough Rumbold, C. E., Esq., M.P., Preston-Candover, Hants Russ, Harry, Esq., Castle-Carey, Somerset Russell, David, Esq., Solicitor, York Russell, Rev. H. V., Stottesden Vicarage, near Cleobury-Mortimer, Russell, Samuel, Esq., Blyth, Nottinghamshire [Salop Russell, Messrs. Thomas A. & James, Solicitors, Alnwick Rutherford, Andr., Esq., M.P., Craigie Hall, Cramond, Edinburgh Rutland, Mrs. Margaret, Testerton House, near Fakenham Ryall, William, Esq., Butleigh, Somerset Ryder, Rev. George Dudley, M.A., Rector of Easton, Winchester Ryle, Matthew, Esq., Herrington Hill, Houghton-le-Spring Sabben, Rev. James, M.A., Rector of St. Denis, .York Sadler, John, Esq., Percy Banks, North Shields Sadler, Joseph, Esq., Winterton, Lincolnshire Saint Andrews, University of, Scotland Sainsbury, Rev. Henry, Rector of Beckington, Somersetshire Sainsbary, Rev. Langford, M.A., Froyle Parsonage, Alton, Hants Salt, Titus, Esq., Bradford Salter, Richard, Esq., Arundel, Sussex Salter, Thomas, Esq., Attleburgh Hall, Norfolk Salter, Thomas Bell, Esq., M.D., and F.L.S., Ryde, Isle of Wight Salter, W. P., Esq., New Hall Farm, Whinburgh, Norfolk Sampson, Rev. T., M.A., Eakring Rectory, Ollerton, Notts Sanctuary, Thomas, Esq., Worthing, Sussex Sanders, Samuel, Fsq.* Fernhill Park, Isle of Wight Sanderson, John, Esq., New Hall, Attercliffe, Sheffield Sanderson, R. Esq., Gunton Park, and Belgrave Square, London Sanderson, R. Burdon, jun.. Esq., West Jesmond, Newcastle Sandford, Charles S. R., Esq., Northfield House, Rotherham Sandford, Rev. John, M.A., Vicar of Dunchurch Sandys, Came, and Vivian, Messrs., Hayle, Penzance Savage, Thomas, Esq., Midsomer-Norton, Somerset Sawle, Sir J. S. Graves, Bart., Penrice, St. Austell, Cornwall Say, Rev. Henry, Swatfham, Norfolk Scarbrough, John, Esq., Wintringham, Brigg Scatchard, John, Esq., East Keswick, Harewood, Yorkshire Scatcherd, Thomas, Esq., Boston, Tadcaster Schobell, Rev. John Samuel, B.A., Vicar of St. Kew, Cornwall Scholefieid, Michael, Esq., Manor House, Temple- Newsom, Leeds Scholefield, Thomas, Esq., Ivy House, Leeds Scholefieid, William, Esq., Batley House, Baildon, Bradford Scholes, Joseph Seddon, Esq., Slaithwaite, Huddersfield Scholfield, E., Esq., M.D., Doncaster Scholfield, William, Esq., Sand Hall, Howden [Steyning, Sussex Schomberg, Rev. Alexander William, M.A., Rector of Edburton Scott, Carteret George, Esq., Malleny, Currie, Edinburgh Scott, Rev. E., St. John’s Parsonage, Wakefield, Yorkshire Scott, Rev. George Henry, M.A., Ifield, near Crawley, Sussex Scott, Henry E., Esq., Manchester & Leeds Railway, Wakefield Scott, John, Esq., J.P., Sunderland Scott, Joseph, Esq., Badsworth Hall, Yorkshire Scott, Richard, Esq., Solicitor, Sunderland Scott, Rev. Walter, S.T.P., Airedale College, Bradford Scott, W. L. Fenton, Esq., J.P., Wood Hall, Wetherby Scroggs, Lieut.-Col., Standen, Chute, Wilts Scurfield, Robert, jun.. Esq., Sunderland Scutt, Thomas W., Esq., Lewes, Sussex Seagram, E. F., Esq., Bratton House, Westbuiy, Wilts Seagram, W. F., Esq., Warminster VoL. I. Seagrave, Rev. S. Young, M.A., Rector of Westcott Barton, Oxon Seaton, Rev. John, M.A., Incumbent of Cleckheaton, Leeds Sedgwick, Rev. Joseph, M.A., Vicar of Scalby, Scarborough Selby, Prideaux, Esq., Swansfield, Alnwick Selby, Prideaux J., Esq., Twizell House, Belford, Durham Semple, George, Esq., Shipley Hall, Bradford Senior, Joseph, Esq., Dalton Lodge, Huddersfield Senior, Joseph, Esq., Batley, Dewsbury Seppings, Thomas, Esq., Whitehall, Syderstone, Fakenham Seppings, William, Esq., Lynn Sergeantson, Rev. R. J., M.A., Vicar of Snaith, Yoikshire Settle, Joseph, Esq., Oxford Street, Leeds Sewell, Messrs., Newport, Isle of Wight Seymour, Capt. Michael, R.N., Cadlington, Horndean, Hants Seymour, George Hicks, Esq., Solicitor, York Shackleton, John, Esq., Solicitor, Leeds Shadwell, W. Lucas, Esq., Hastings, Sussex [Durham Shafto, Rev. Arthur Duncombe, Jun., M.A., Houghton-le-Spring, Sharp, David Wilkinson, Esq., Bingley, Yorkshire Sharp, Rev. John, D.D., Vicar of Doncaster Sharp, Rev, John, M.A., Incumbent of Horbury, Wakefield Sharpe, Samuel, Esq., Docking, Rougham, Norfolk Shattock, John, Esq., Bishop’s-Lydeard, Taunton Shaw, Benjamin L., Esq., Honley, Huddersfield Shaw, William, Esq., Miliithorp Cottage, Wakefield Jshaw, William, Esq., Seed Hilt, Holmfirth, Yorkshire Shaw, Mr. W., St. .lohn’s Common, Keymer, near Brighton Shebbear, Joseph Charles, Esq., Basingstoke Shedden, Captain Lewis, Bittern Manor House, Southampton Sheepshanks, The Rev. and Ven. John, Archdeacon of Cornwall SHEFFIELD, The Right Honourable the Earl of Shelley, John Villiers, Esq., Maresfield Park, near Uckfield, Sussex Shelley, Sir Thomas, Bart., Field Place, near Horsham Shelton, Charles Jackson, Esq., Bradford Shephard, John, Esq., Doctors Commons, London Shepherd, John, jun.. Esq., St. Mark’s Villa, Woodhouse, Leeds Shepherd, R., Esq., Solicitor, Driffield Shepherd, Rev. Robert, M.A., Houghton-le-Spring Shepherd, Rev. Samuel, B.A., North Somercoates, Louth Shepherd & Simpson, Messrs., Solicitors, Beverley Shepherd, Rev. Thomas H., Rector of Clayworth, Bawtry Shepherd, William, Esq., Solicitor, Barnsley Sheppard, George, Esq., Fromefield House, near Frome, Somerset Sheppard, Sir Thomas Cotton, Bart., Crakemarsh Hall, Uttoxeter Sherard, Philip Castel, Esq., Glaton, near Stilton, Hunts Sherborne, King’s School Library Sheriffe, Rev. T., jun., M.A., Henstead Hall, Wrentham, Suffolk Sherson, Rev. Robert, M.A., Oxon, Rector of Yaverland Sherwin, J. Sherwin, Esq., Bramcote Hills, Nottingham Sherwood, Rev. William, B.A., Holybourne, Alton, Hants Shevill, John Heppell, Esq., Sunderland Shield, Robert Spencer, Esq., Chester-le-Street Shields, William, Esq., Gateshead, Durham Shipperdson, Rev. Thomas R., M.A., Vicar of Woodhorn, Morpeth Shirley, Charles, Esq., Midhurst, Sussex ShirreflT, Rev. R. St. John, B.A., Oxon, Blackheath Shirt, John, Esq., Wales, Sheffield Shooter, Rev. J., M.A., Vicar of Bishop-Wilton, York Shrubb, Rev. Charles, M.A., Vicar of Boldre, Lymington, Hants Shorter & Phillips, Messrs., Hastings, Sussex Shutt, Isaac Thomas, Esq., Architect, Low-Harrogate Sidebotham, Edward Lowe, Esq., J.P., Aston Hall, Sheffield Sidebottom, Edward, Esq., Pleadwick Hall, Wakefield Siely, B. C., Esq., Beech Grove, North Walsham Sigston, William, Esq., Gomersal Hall, Leeds Sillick, James, Esq., Claremont Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Silver, Rev. Thomas, LL.D., Vicar of Charlbury, Oxon Simcoe, Rev. Henry, A., Penheale, Launceston, Cornwall Simes, F., Esq., Townend House, Bradford ' Simes, Mr. Henry, Vine Hall, near Robertsbridge, Battle Simpson, Alfred, Esq., Solicitor, Malton Simpson, Christopher, Esq., East Hal ton, Skipton Simpson, Rev. Fred. R., M.A.,, North Sunderland, Belford Simpson, Rev. G. F., M.A., Principal of the College, Kingston-upon- Simpson, Rev. John. M.A., Vicarage, Acklam, Malton [Hull Simpson, Rev. John Pemberton, M.A., Wakefield Simpson, Joseph Pringle, Esq., Springwell, Bishop- Wearmouth Simpson, Rev. M., Rector of Mickfield, Stonham, Suffolk Simpson, Rev. Philip, M.A., Copthorne, Fawley, Hants Simpson, Robert, Esq., Alnmouth, Alnwick Simpson, Rev.Thos.,M.A., Perpetual Curate of Cold Kirby, Thirsk Simpson, Thomas, Esq., M.D., York Simpson, Rev. William, M.A., Incumbent of Tanfield-, Durham C XXVi SUBSCRIBERS. Sinclair, Rev. W., M.A., Incumbent of St. George’s, Leeds Singleton, John, Esq., Carr House, Rotherham Siny, Joshua, Esq., Bridgenorth, Salop Siny, William, Esq., Swancote, Bridgenorth Sivewright, Charles Kane, Esq., Musbury, Axminster, Devon Skelley, Thomas, Esq., Freelands, Alnwick Skelton, Charles Jackson, Esq., Manor Street, Bradford Skelton, Henry, jun.. Esq., Field Head, Thorner, Leeds Skelton, John, Esq., Moor-Allerton House, Leeds Skelton, Rev. Joseph, M.A., Vicar of Wold-Newton, Hunmanby Skelton, Rev. Robert, M.A., Rector of Levisham, Pickering Skey, Robert S. Esq., Newport, Salop Slack, Rev. Sam., M.A., Head Master, Grammar School, Bradford Slade, Mr. Henry, Edington, Westbury, Wilts Sladen, Thomas, Esq., Mearclough House, Halifax Slater, Rev. Thos. Augustine, R.C.P., Hutton House, Castle Eden Slatter, William, Esq., Surgeon, Wakefield Sleigh, Major- Gen., Shirley House, near Southampton Slight, Lewis, Esq., Brighton, Sussex Smalman, John, Esq.,Quatford Castle, Bridgenorth Smart, Daniel, Esq., Emsworth, near Chichester Smeddle, R., Esq., Bamburgh Castle, Belford Smetham, J. Esq., Lynn, Norfolk Smith, Bartholomew, Esq., Timsbury, near Bath Smith, Lieut.-Col. Charles, Plainville, York Smith, Charles Sergison, Esq., Farleigh House, Basingstoke Smith, Edward, Esq., Armfield Plain, Gateshead Smith, Rev. Edward Herbert, B.A., Killamarsh, Chesterfield Smith, George Nicholson, Esq., Surgeon, Goole Smith, George Pyemont, Esq., M.D., Park Row, Leeds Smith, Mr. George, Camborne, Cornwall Smith, Rev. Hen. Jno., M.A., Incumbent of Birkenshaw, nr. Leeds Smith, Jeremiah, Esq., Springfield Villa, near Rye, Sussex Smith, John, Esq., Field House, Horton, Bradford Smith, John, Esq., Morton, Bingley Smith, John, Esq.,Weyhill House, Andover, Hants Smith, John, Esq., St. Anne’s, Lewes, Sussex Smith, Rev. John Tetley, Repton, near Burton-upon-Trent Smith, Joseph, Esq., Low Street, Keighley Smith, Lawrence, Esq., Mount Villa, Hurst-Pierepoint, Sussex Smith, Noel Thomas, Esq., M.D., Newcastle-upon-Tyne Smith, Rev. Robert, Chaplain at Haggerston Castle, Berwick Smith, Robert, Esq., Oldcoates, Tickhill Smith, Rev. Robert, M.A., Kyloe, Belford Smith, Rev. Samuel, M.A., Grindleton, Clitheroe Smith, Mrs. S. Mackworth, Bersted Lodge, Bognor Smith, Spencer, Esq., Brooklands, Southampton Smith, Stephen, Esq., Brown’s Place, Robert’s Bridge, near Battle Smith, Tilden, Esq., Vine Hall, near Battle, Sussex Smith, Thomas, Esq., M.D., Leeds Smith, Thomas George, Esq., Togston House, Alnwick Smith, Thompson, Esq., Willington Quay, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Smith, Walker, Esq., Brotherton, Ferrybridge Smith, William, Esq., Learmouth, Coldstream Smith, William, Esq., Benton Lodge, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Smith, William, Esq., Mayor of Leeds Smith, Rev. William Henry, M.A., Hinderwell, Guisborough Smith, William, Esq., Potton, Bedfordshire Smithson, Charles, Esq., Solicitor, Malton Smithson, Robert, Esq., Holtby Hall, York Smithson, Samuel, Esq., Heighington, Darlington Smyth, Rev. George Watson, M.A., Rector of Fyfield, Flants Smyth, John George, Esq., J. P., Heath Hall, Wakefield Smyth, Rev. T. Graham, Aldwick Lodge, near Bognor Smythe, William Meade, Esq., Deer Park, Honiton, Devon Sorby, James, Esq., Gatefield House, Sheffield Sorsbie, Malin, Esq., Deckham Hall, Gateshead Southwells and Co., Messrs. Bridgenorth Sowerby, J. N. P., Esq., Solicitor, Stokesley Sowerby, Thomas, Esq., Saltwell Vale, Gateshead Spackman, Charles Esq., Bradford, Wilts Sparke, Rev. E. B., Feltwell Rectory, near Brandon Sparke, Rev. J. H., Gunthorpe, near East Dereham, Norfolk Sparrow, James, Esq., Rye, Sussex Sparrowq John, Esq., Bramshott Place, Liphook, Hants Speck, Rev, T., Chichester, Sussex Speke, Rev. Hugh, M.A., Rector of Dowlish-Wake, Somerset Spence, Rev. John, M.A., Rectory, East Keal, Lincolnshire Spencer, Rev. Charles John, Radwell Rectory, near Baldock, Herts Spencer, George, Esq., North Gate House, Keighley Spencer, Rev. Isaac, M.A., The Plantation, York [Tyne Spencer, John, jun.. Esq., Newburn Steel Works, Newcastle-upon- Spencer, Rev. William, M.A., Vicar of Dronfield, Sheffield Spencer, Rev. W. Pakenham, M.A., Rector of Starston, Norfolk Spode, Mrs., Armitage Park, near Rugeley, Stafifordshire Spurgeon, Rev. Richard, Rector ofMulbarton, near Norwich Spurrell, D., Esq., Bessingham, near Aylsham, Norfolk Spurrell, W. D., Esq., Thurgarton, do. Spink, George, Esq., Solicitor, Howden Spink, Henry Hawks, Esq., Tadcaster Spours, W., Esq., Solicitor, Alnwick ST, G^^RMANS, The Right Honourable the Earl of St. John, The Hon. Gen., Rough Heath, near Chailey, Lewes St, John, Rev. H. G., M.A., West Court, Wokingham, Berks St. Quintin, Thomas, Jun., Esq., Hatley Park, Cambridgeshire St. Quinton, William, Esq., Scampton Hall, Malton Stables, George, Esq., Solicitor, Horsforth, Leeds Stables, Henry, Esq., Lockwood House, Huddersfield Stables, W . W., Esq., Crosland Hall, do. Stackhouse, Anthony, Esq., Stainforth, Settle Staff, J. R., Esq., Norwich STAFFORD, The Right Honourable Lord Stafford, W. W., Esq., Hailsham, Sussex Stagg, Joseph Dickinson, Esq., Middleton, Barnard- Castle Staincliffe, John, Esq., Over Hall, Mirfield, Dewsbury Stamp and Tax Office, Her Majesty’s, Edinburgh Stamford, F., Esq., Eldon Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Staniland, George A., Esq., Brotherton House, Ferrybridge Staniland, Samuel, Esq., Leeds Stanley, John, Esq., Newport, Salop Stanley, Mr. Thomas, Burbage Wharf, near Marlborough, Wilts Stansfeld, George Micklethwait, Esq., Bradford Stansfield, James, Esq., Greenbank, Halifax Stansfield, James, Esq., Solicitor, Ewood, Todmorden Starkey, William, Esq., Wakefield STATIONERY OFFICE, Her Majesty’s Statter, W., Esq., Wakefield Staveley, Capt. John, Wales, Sheffield Stead, Henry, Esq., Newlaiths, Horsforth, Leeds Stead, Henry Cox Mason, Esq., Low-Harrogate Stead, Samuel, Esq., Crow Trees, Gomersal, Lee'ds Steel, John, Esq., Bradford Stephens, Mr. John, Hurcott, near South Petherton, Somerset Stephens, Rev. Richard, Culver House, Exeter Stephens, Thomas, Esq., North Shields Stephens, Mr. Thomas, White Lackington, Somerset Stephenson, Appleton, Esq., Hawsker Hall, Whitby [Tyne Stephenson, Robert, & Co., Messrs., Engineers, Newcastle-upon- Stephenson, William, Esq., Lands House, Holmfirth Stevens, E., Esq., Watton, Norfolk [Rollright, Oxon Stevens, Rev. W. Everett, M.A., R.ector^of Salford and Little Steward, Rev. Francis, Rector of Barking, Needham-Market, Suffolk Stileman, Richard, Esq., The Friars, Winchelsea, Sussex Stillingfleet, Rev. E. W., B.D., Hotham Cave, Yorkshire Stockdale, Rev. Henry, B.A., Bawtry Stockdale, Rev. Walter, B.A., Linwood, Market-Rasen Stocken, Rev. H., M.A., Incumbent of Arkendale, Knaresborough Stocker, Rev. W. H. Browell, Incumbent of Horsforth, Leeds Stocks, Joseph, Esq., Upper Shibden Hall, Halifax Stocks, Robert, Esq., Abden, Kinghorn Stone, Charles, Esq., Prebendal House, Thame, Oxon Stone, Rev. D. S., Corneystrowe House, Trull, Somerset Stone, George, Esq., Taunton, Somerset Stone, W. T., Esq., Stone Bridge, near Uckfield, Sussex Storey, Ralph, Esq., Beanley, Alnwick Storrs, Robert, Esq., Doncaster Story, Henry, Esq., Solicitor, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Stott, Lieut.-Col., E.I.S., Eccleshill Hall, Bradford Stowey, Augustus, Esq., Kenbury, Exminster, Devon Stracey, John, Esq., Sprowston, near Norwich Straker, John, Esq., Point Pleasant, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Strakers & Love, Messrs., Howdon Dock, do. Stratton, William, Esq., Upavon, Pewsey, Wilts Streatfeild, R. Shuttleworth, Esq., The Rocks, near Uckfield, Sussex Strode, R. C., Esq., Southill House, West Cranmore, Somerset Strong, P. B,, Esq., Trull, Somerset Sturges, John William, Esq., Beech Field, Doncaster Sturgis, Rev. Frederick George, Brandsburton, Beverley Suckling, Rev. Alfred, LL.B., Rectory, Barsham, Beccles, Suffolk Sugden, Joah, Esq., Spring Field House, Huddersfield Sugden, John Greenwood, Esq., Steeton Hall, Keighley Sugden, Thomas, Esq., Brighouse, Halifax Sugden, William, Esq., Eastwood House, Keighley Sulivan, George James, Esq., Wilbury Park, Amesbury, Wilts Sumner, Gillyatt, Esq., Woodmansey, Beverley Sunderland, Rev. S., B.A., Peniston, Barnsley SUBSCRIBERS. xxvn Surtees, Aubone, Esq., Pigdon Cottage, Morpeth Sutcliffe, George, Esq., Solicitor, Sowerby-Bridge, Halifax Sutcliffe, John Crossley, Esq., Lee, Hebden-Bridge Sutcliffe, John E., Esq., Willow Hall, Halifax Sutcliffe, Richard, Esq., Lumb Bank, Hebden-Bridge Sutcliffe, Thomas, Esq., Stoneshay Gate, do. Sutcliffe, William, Esq., Lower Laith, Todmorden Sutton, Rev. John Lucas, M.A., Vicar of Weekley, Kettering Sutton, Rev. T. Manners, M.A., Averham Rectory, Newark Swainson, Rev. John, B.A., Old Byland & Kirkdale, Helmsley Swale, Rev. H. John, M.A., Ingfield, Settle Swallow, John, jun.. Esq., Sterne Mill, Halifax Swallow, Richard, Esq., Mosborough Hill, Sheffield Swan, William Robert, Esq., Solicitor, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Swann, John, Esq., Hutton Hall, York Swayne, W. C., Esq., Heytesbury, Wilts Sweet, Rev. Charles B., M.A., Broadleigh, Somerset Sweetland, William, Esq., Staplake Mount, Starcross, Devon Sykes, John, Esq., Beech Grove, Leeds Sykes, Joseph, Esq., Acre Cottage, Lindley, Huddersfield Sykes, Sir Tatton, Bart., Sledmere House, Yorkshire Sykes, William, Esq., Solicitor, Leeds Sykes, William, Esq., Milns Bridge, Huddersfield Sykes, William, Esq., Mill Bridge, Leeds, Yorkshire Sykes, Rev. William, Vicar of Collumpton, Devon Symes, Thomas, Esq., Bridgwater, Somerset Symons, Henry, Esq., Axbridge, Somerset Sympson. Edmund Walcott, Esq., Winkton, Hants Syms, Rev. W., West Grinstead, near Horsham, Sussex TALBOT, The Right Honourable the Earl Talbot, John, Esq., Woodland House, Ashill near Taunton Tanner, Henry, Esq.,Bishop-Wearmouth Tanner, Mr, Joseph, Cholderton, Wilts Tanner, Rev. Thomas, M.A., Incumbent of Bradninch, Devon Tate, Captain, W. A., E.I.C.S., East Harptree, Somerset Tate, Rev. William Bunting, M.A., Vicar of Nether Wallop, Hants Taylor, Edward, Esq., Kirkham Abbey, Whitwell, Yorkshire Taylor, Rev. Harrison, M.A., Treeton, Rotherham Taylor, James, Esq., J.P., The Hall, Todmorden Taylor, John, Esq., Castle Eden, Durham Taylor, Rev. Mascie Domville, Lymme Hall, Warrington Taylor, Rev. Robert, M.A., Incumbent of Hartlepool Taylor, Robert, Esq., Treeton, Rotherham Taylor, Thomas, Esq., Dudworth, Barnsley Taylor, Thomas, Esq., St. John’s, Wakefield Taylor, Thomas, Esq., Long Benton, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Taylor, Thomas, Esq., Cricklade, Wilts Taylor, 1 hos. Lambe, Esq., Starston Place, near Harlestone, Norfolk Taylor, Rev. W. R., Holt, Norfolk Tayton, William, Esq., Pattesley House, near Rougham Teal, Henry, Esq., Stourton Lodge, Rotiiwell, Leeds Teale, Edward J., Esq., Solicitor, Leeds Teale, William, Esq., do. do. Tee, Charles, Esq., Pindar Oaks, Barnsley Teed, Rev. Frederick, B.A., Rector of St. Michael’s, Lewes, Sussex Teesdale, Christopher, Esq., Sudley Cottage, near Bognor, Sussex Teesdale, Symes, and Weston, Messrs., Fenchurch Street, London Tempest, Col. J. Plumbe, Tong Hall, Leeds Temple, William, Esq., Bishopstrow House, near Warminster Templer, James, Esq., Bridport, Dorset Templer, Rev. G.H., M.A., Shapwick, Glastonbury, Somerset Tench, Rev. John, B.D., Rector of Great Rollright, Oxon Tennant, Charles A., Esq., Solicitor, Dewsbury Tennant, Rev. Ottiwell, Rector of Upton, Hunts TENTERDEN, The Right Honourable Lord Terrell, William, Esq., Stoke-under-Hamdon, Yeovil, Somerset Terry, Stephen, Esq., Dummer House, Basingstoke Tewart, John, Esq., Glanton, Alnwick Thew, Edward, jun.. Esq., Lesbury House, do. Thoburn, James, Esq., Paradise Row, Blyth Thomas, Francis Henry, Esq., Hereford Thomas Inigo, Esq., Ratton, near Eastbourne Thomas, William, Esq., MD., Wakefield Thomas, Rev. W.P., LL.B., Drake’s Place, Wellington, Somerset Thompson, Benjamin Blaydes, Esq., Solicitor, Tadcaster Thompson, Benjamin, Esq., Park Gate, Guiseley, Leeds Thompson, Corden, Esq., M.D., Sheffield Thompson, Edward, Esq., Salter’s Hall, London Thompson, Rev. F., LL.B., Carham, Coldstream Thompson, Rev. F. B., B.A., Eaglescliffe, Yarm Thompson, George, Esq., Sunderland Thompson, Rev. Sir Hen.,Bart.,M.A.,Holy Trinity, Fareham, Hants Thompson, H. Stafford, Esq., Fairfield, York Thompson, James, Esq., Wakefield Thompson, John, Esq., Solicitor, Sheffield Thompson, Rev. Joseph, M.A., Satley, Wolsingham Thompson, Joseph, Esq., Bradford, Yorkshire [upon-Hull 1 hompson. Rev. Joseph, M.A., Incumbent of Marfleet, Kingston- Thompson, Rev. William, B.A., Rector of Addingliam, Skipton Thompson, William, Esq., Lewes, Sussex Thomson, Rev. George Selby, M.A., Rothbury Thornely, John, Esq., J.P., Dodworth Green, Barnsley Thornhill, Thomas, Esq., Woodleys, Woodstock, Oxon Thorns, Joseph, Esq., Green House, Ossett, Wakefield Thornton, Stephen, Esq., Moggerhanger House, St. Neot’s Thorold, Sir John C., Bart., Syston Park, Grantham Thorold, Richard, Esq., J.P., Weelsby, Great Grimsby Thorold, W. M., Esq., Wigthorpe, Worksop, Notts Thorp, Rev. Charles, M.A., Sandford, nearEnstone, Oxon Thorp, Rev. Hemy, M.A., Perpetual Curate of Topsham, Devon Thorp, Richard, Esq,, Monk Bretton, Barnsley Thorpe, William, Esq., Solicitor, Thorne Thring, Rev. W. D., D.D., Rector of Sutton-Veny, Warminster Thruston, John, Esq., W'^eston Hall, Harling, Norfolk Thursfield, Rev. R. P., Beckbury, Shiffnall, Salop Thurston and Liddle, Messrs., Newport, Salop Thwaite, Samuel, Esq., Woodlands, Halifax Thwaites, J. B., Esq., Paradise House, Burnham, Bridgwater Tichborne, Sir Henry J., Bart., Tichborne House, Hants Tiffin, Rev. Joseph, M.A., Rainton, Durham Tierney, Rev. M.A., Arundel, Sussex Timbrell, Charles, Esq., Bradford, Wilts Timbrell, Thomas, Esq., Shrewton Lodge, Devizes Timson, Henry, T. Esq., Tatchbury Mount, Eling, Hants Tindall, John, Esq., J.P., The Cliffe, Scarborough Tinker, Uriah, jun.. Esq., Bent House, Meltham, Huddersfield Tinling, Charles S., Esq., Worthing ^ Titchener, Edward, Esq., Chichester " Todd, Colonel Francis, Victoria Cottage, Shirley, Southampton Todd, Rev. James Frederick, Vicar of Liskeard, Cornwall Todd, Robert, Esq., Picton House, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Todd, The Venerable Archdeacon, Rector of Settrington, Mai ton Todd, Rev. T., B.A., Holbeck, Leeds Toll, Henry L., Esq., Perridge House, Kenn, near Exeter Tolson, James, Esq., Mill Hill, Dalton, Huddersfield Tolson, Richard, Esq., Ashfield Place, Bradford Tomkins, Joshua, Broughton, Hants Tompson, Charles Kett, Esq., The Hall, Witchingham, Norfolk Tonge, Robert, Esq., Solicitor, Driffield Tootall, Mrs. Anne, St. John’s, Wakefield Toplis, Rev. John, B.D., South Walsham, near Acle, Norfolk Torre, Rev. Henry, B.A., Rector of Thornhill, Dewsbury Torre, James Whitwell, Esq., Snydale Hall, Pontefract Towle, Benjamin, Esq., Basford, near Nottingham Townend, Edward, Esq., Field Head, Denholme, Bradford Townsend, Rev. George, College, Durham TOWNSHEND, The Right Honourable Lord James Tragett, Rev. T. Heathcote, M.A., Awbridge Danes, Romsey, Hants Traviss, John, Esq., Solicitor, Barnsley TREASURY, The Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Trebeck, Rev. Thomas, Rectory, Chailey, near Lewes Trenchard, Rev. J. Ashfordby, M.A., Stanton House, Highworih Trestail, John, Esq., Truro, Cornwall Trevanion, Rev. Frederick, M.A. Vicar of Wadworth, Doncaster Trevelyan, Rev. John Thomas, Vicar of Milverton, Somerset Trevenen, James, Esq., Bosahan, Helston, Cornwall Trevor, The Hon. Lieut.-Gen., Glynde Place, near Lewes, Sussex Treweeke, Rev. George, Illogan Rectory, Redruth, Cornwall Trimmer, Rev. H. Syer, B.A., Marston-on-Dove, Burton-upon-Trent Tripp, Rev. Charles, D.D., Rectory, Sampford-Brett, near Taunton Trocke, Rev. Thos., M.A., Minister of the Chapel Royal, Brighton Trotter, Charles, Esq., Mayor of Stockton-upon-Tees Trotter, John, Esq., J.P., Staindrop, Durham Trotter, John, Esq., Bush, Glencross, Edinburgh Trotter, Thomas, Esq., Worthing, Sussex Trueman, Rev. Edward, M.A., Langtoft, Grimston, Malton Tuck, Rev. William Gilbert, Curate of Moulton-St. Michael Tucker, William, Esq., Coryton House, Axminster, Devon Tuckfield, R. Hippisley, Esq., FulfordPark, Crediton, do. Turley, William, Esq., Lane Head House, Yeaden, Leeds Turnbull, John, Esq., Solicitor, Haydon-Bridge Turner, Rev. Arthur, M. A., Ladbroke Rectory, Warwickshire Turner, Rev. Ed., M.A., Maresfield Rectory, near Uckfield, Sussex Turner, Frederick, Esq., Blagdon, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Turner, George, Esq., Ashfield Place, Bradford Turner, Rev. Geo. Thos., Rector of Kettleburgh, Suffolk c 2 SUBSCRIBERS. xxviii Turner, Rev. Henry, Chichester, Sussex Turner, John, Esq., Crofts, Rotherham Turner, John Gilgrass, Esq., Solicitor, Rothwell, Leeds Turner, John, Esq., Trowse Hall, near Norwich Turner, Messrs. R. and N., Bognor, Sussex Turner, Samuel, Esq., 9, Gray’s Inn Square, London Turner, William, Esq., Solicitor, Hopton, Dewsbury Tumor, Christopher, Esq., M.P., Stoke- Rochford, Lincolnshire Twiss, Rev. W. C., M.A., Rector of Wrestlingworth, Potton, Beds Tyas, John, Esq., Solicitor, Barnsley Tyner, Rev. William, Vicar of Compton, near Chichester, Sussex Tyzack, Benjamin George, Esq., Solicitor, North Shields Umphelby, Charles, Esq., Denton House, near Harleston Upcher, Rev. Abbot, Kirby-Cane, Bungay, Suffolk Upcher, Henry R., Esq., Sheringham Hall, Cromer Upperton, Robert, Esq., Lansdowne Place, Brighton Uppleby, Charles, Esq., The Hall, Barrow-upon-Humber Uppleby, Rev. George, B.A., Vicar of Barton-upon-Humber Uppleby, John G., Esq., Park Square, Leeds Uppleby, Leadbetter, Esq., Wootton Hall, Barrow-upon-Humber Upwooi Rev. Thomas T., Lovell’s Hall, Terrington, near Lynn Urquhart, Rev. John, M.A., Parsonage, Chapel-Ailerton Usticke, Rev. R. M. N., Penwarne, Mawnan, near Falmouth Utting, John, Esq., Long Stratton, Norfolk Utting, John, Esq., Stanninghall, Norwich Vaughan, Rev. John, LL;B., Rector of Upton-Lovell, Wilts Veale, Rev, William, Trevayler, Gulval, Penzance Veitch, Rev. W. Douglas, M.A., Sopley Vicarage, Hants Vernon Rev. H. John, B.A., Newchurch, Isle of Wight Vernon, Rev. Mark Henry, Vicar of Westfield, Sussex Vernon, Robert, Esq., Gateshead Verrall, John, Esq., Sonthover, Lewes, Sussex Verrall, William, Esq., do. do. do. Vibart, Lieut. James, R.N., Chilliswood, Taunton Vickers, Valentine, Esq., Ellerton Grange, Newport, Salop A^idler, John, Esq., Rye, Sussex Vigers, C. K., Esq., Truro, Cornwall Vilett, Colonel, Swindon, Wilts Vincent, Lieut.-Col., Hemsworth, Lane End, Pontefract Vollum, William John, Esq., Mayor of Hartlepool, 1842 Vyner, Rev. Wm. Phillips, M.A., Rector of Withern, Louth Waddington, J. H., Esq., Langrish, Petersfield, Hants Waddilove, Richard, Esq., Rilstone, Skipton, Craven Wade, Rev. Albany, B.A., Rector of Elton, Stockton-upon-Tees Wade, Rev. Garrod, Coiiey- Weston Lodge, near Thetford Wade, John, Esq., Hornsea House, Yorkshire Wagstaff, John Reid, Esq., Solicitor, Bradford Wailes, William, Esq., Westgate, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Wainhouse, Edward, Esq., Belle Vue, Leeds Wainman, Richard Bradley, Esq., J.P., Carhead, Skipton Wainwright, Thomas, Esq., Barnsley Wait, James, Esq., North Shields Waite, Rev. John, M.A., Rector of Tathwell, Louth Waites, Rev. J. Bentley, M.A., Vicar of South Stainley, Yorkshire Wake, George Anthony, Esq., Tatchbury Manor House, Hants Wake, Rev. Henry, A.M., Rector of Over- Wallop, Andover, do. Wake, William, Esq., Osgathorpe House, Sheffield Wakefield Proprietary Grammar School, by Rev. Dr. Fennell Wakeford, Joseph, Esq., Andover, Hants Wakeman, Thomas, Esq., Graig House, Monmouth Wales, John, Esq., Killingworth, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Walker, Benjamin, Esq., Cross Hall, Morley ; & Water Hall, Leeds Walker, Rev. G. A., M.A., Incumbent of Alverthorpe, Wakefield Walker, Henry, Esq., Clifton House, Rotherham Walker, Henry, Esq., South Parade, Wakefield Walker, John, Esq., Wheatleys, Gomersal, Leeds Walker, Rev. Robert, Vicar of Dunton, Bedfordshire Walker, S. H., Esq., Holywell Green, Stainland, Halifax Walker, Thomas, Esq., Solicitor, Dewsbury Walker, Thomas, Esq., Ravenfield Park, Rotherham W alker, Thomas, Esq., Old Malton Walker, William, Esq., Belle Vue, Bradford Wallace, Robert, Esq., Town Surveyor, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Wallen, William B., F.S.A., Architect, Huddersfield Wallis, Preston, Esq., Bodmin, Cornwall W allis, Robert, Esq., Chapter Row, South Shields Wallis, Thomas, Esq., Bent House, do.- Wallis, William, Esq., Westoe, do. W ALPOLE, The Right Honourable Lord Walton, John, Esq., Horton Street, Halifax Walton, Rev. J. Leidger, M.A., Incumbent of Selby Wand, Christopher, Esq., Spring Place, Bradford Walthew, William, Esq., Clarence Cottage, .Hayling, Hants Warburton, Rev. R., M.A., Rector of Holtby, Yorkshire Ward, Rev. Edward, Haughley, Stowmarket Ward, Rev. E., Langton, M.A.,Oxon, Rector of Blendworth, Hants Ward, J. A., Esq., Crockerton, near Warminster Ward, Mr. Joseph, Tixall Farm, Stafford Ward, Rich. M., Esq., Brandon, Suffolk, and Matlock, Derbyshire Ward, Robert, Esq., Salhouse Hall, near Norwich Warde, P^-ev. William, M.A., Witton-le-Wear, Durham Wardelli Rev. Henry, M.A., Rector of Winlaton,do. Ware, Rev. Henry, St. Ladoca Parsonage, near Truro, Cornwall Ware, Rev. James, Vicar of Wyverstone, Stowmarket Ware, W. J., Esq., Skirpenbeck, Yorkshire Waring, Rev. William, M.A., Itchen, Southampton Warne, James, Esq., Solicitor, Basingstoke Warner, Rev. A. N., Wymondham Warner, Rev. G. Townsend, B. A., Incumbent of St. Paul’s, Leeds Warner, Rev. Richard, Rector of Chelwood, Somerset Warre, Rev. F., LL.D., Rectory, Cheddon-Fitzpaine, Taunton Warren, Rev. T., Alston, B.D., Rectorof South W arnborough, Hants Warren, Rev. Z. S., M.A., Vicar of Ancaster, Grantham W arriner, E. Esq., Manor House, Conock, near Devizes Warry, Miss, Shapwick, Glastonbury, Somerset Warry, George, Esq., Sherborne, Dorset Warter, Rev. John Wood, Vicarage, West Tarring, Worthing, Sussex Wasney, John Wilkinson, Esq., Fence End, Skipton Waterhouse, J., Esq., Well Head, Halifax Waters, Robert, Esq., Arminghall, near Norwich Water worth, H., Esq., Newport, Isle of Wight Watherston, Rev. P. John, M.A., Chari ton-Horethorne, Somerset Watkin, William, Esq., Cleatlam, Staindrop Watkins, Rev. Henry, B.A. & J.P., Vicar of Silkstone, Barnsley Watkins, R., Esq., Tower House, Arundel, Sussex Watson, Cuthbert, Esq., Ovington, Barnard- Castle Watson, Rev. George, M.A., Vicar of Caistor, Lincoln Watson, John, Esq., Burnopfield House, Gateshead Watson, John, Esq., Solicitor, Pickering Watson, Rev. John, DD., Ringstead, North Hants Watson, Rev. J. D., Guilsborough, Northampton Watson, Rev. Joseph Spencer, Westbury, Wilts Watson, Hon. Richard, Rockingham Castle, Northamptonshire Watson, William, Esq., Spring Lodge, Barnard- Castle Watt, Francis, jun.. Esq., Beverley Watt, Richard, Esq., Bishop Burton-, do. Watts, Capt. Geo. Edward, R.N., Langton Grange, Darlington Watts, Rev. George, Ewhurst, hear Battle, Sussex Watts, William, Esq., Solicitor, Dewsbury [burgh Wauchope, Andrew, Esq., Niddrie, Marischall, Liberton, Edin- Waugh, Alexander, Esq., North Earle, Wooler Wayland, Rev. Charles, Stratton Rectory, Old Down, Somerset Wealleans, Christopher, Esq., Flo ttertdn House, Rothbury W'eatherhead, Samuel, Esq., Solicitor, Bihgley Weatherley, Capt. James Dent, 60th Rifles, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Webb, Charles H., Esq., Forebridge Hall, Stafford Webb, Joseph A., Esq., Stowmarket, Suffolk Webb, Joseph C., Esq., Park Place, Hempnall, liong Stratton Webb, Matthew, Esq., Bank House, Ketley, near Wellington ,Webb, Thomas, Esq., Nutall House, Barton-under-Needwood Webb, Rev. William, M.A^, Rectorof Sunderland Webber, George Wood, Esq., Hexworthy, Lawhitton, Cornwall Webster, Mrs. John, Springfield House, Morley, Leeds Webster, Joseph, Esq., Old Hall, do, do. Webster, Mrs. Samuel, Bank House, do. do. W’^eddall, Thomas M., Esq., Solicitor, Selby Weekes, George, Esq., Hurst-Pierrepoint, Sussex 1 Weightman, Hugh, Esq., Mitre Court Buildings, Temple, London Weir, Archibald, Esq., Coopers’ Hall, London Welby, Rev. M. E., Rector of Long Bennington, Grantham Welch, Henry, Esq., Civil Engineer, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Weld, James, Esq., Archers’ Lodge, Southampton Welfitt, William Teale, Esq., J.P., Manby Hall, Louth Wells, Henry, Esq., Midhursf, Sussex Wells, Nathaniel, Esq., Piercefield, Chepstow, Monmouth Wells, William Harrison, Esq., Dilham Mills, Worstead, Norfolk Wells, William, Esq., Park Place, Bradford Wenman, The Baroness, Thame Park, Oxon Wentworth, F. W. T. Vernon, Esq., Wentworth Castle, Barnsley Were, Rev. Ellis Bowden, M.A., Vicar of Chipping-Norton, Oxon West, Frederick R., Esq., Arnewood House, Lymington West, John, Esq., St. Faith’s Abbey, near Norwich West, John, Esq., Breckle’s Hall, near Watton Westell, James,- Esq., Witney, Oxon Westerman, George H., Esq., Castle Grove, Sandal, Wakefield Westgarth, George, Esq., Alum- Works, Boulby, Guisborough SUBSCRIBERS. XXIX Westmorland, Joseph Williamson, Esq., South Parade, Wakefield Westmorland, Rev. T., M.A., Vicar of Sandal-Magna, do. Wetherall, Rev. John, Rector of Rushton, Kettering Whaites, John Johnson, Esq., Ingham House, near Stalham Whall, John, Esq., Solicitor, Worksop Whateley, Rev. C., M.A., Rector of Rise, Kingston-upon-Hull Whatley, David, Esq., Golden Farm, Cirencester Wheat, James, Esq., Norwood Hall, Sheffield Wheatley, Charles, Esq., Sands House, Hopton, Dewsbury Wheatley, Francis, Esq., Mundsley, near North Walsham, Norfolk Wheatley, J. Flint, Esq., Woodlands, Hopton, Dewsbury Wheatley, Matthew, jun.. Esq., Shield Field, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Wheatley, T., Esq., J.P., Cote W^alls, Hopton, M!irfield, Dewsbury Wheatley, William, Esq., Royds House, do. do. Wheeler, Rev. Wm., B.D., Fellow of Magdalene College, Oxford Wheldon, Thomas, Esq., Solicitor, Barnard- Castle Wheler, Rev. H. Trevor, M.A., Berkley Rectory, Frome, Somerset Whichcote, Sir T., Bart., Aswarby Park, Falkingham, Lincolnshire Whitacre, John, Esq., Wood House, Huddersfield Whitaker, Alfred, Esq., Frome, Somersetshire Whitaker, Frederick, Esq., Bampton, Oxon Whitaker, Rev. G. H., M.A., Vicar of Garforth, Leeds Whitaker, James, Esq., Bramham, Tadcaster Whitaker, Jonas, Esq., J.P., Greenholme, Otley Whitaker, Joshua, Esq., Ossett, Wakefield White, David B., Esq., M.D., N ewcastle-upon-Tyne White, Capt. Frederick, Saxby Hall, Barton-upon-Humber White, Rev. James, B.A., Wood Lynch, Bonchurch, Isle of Wight White, James, Esq., Wooldringfold, Horsham, Sussex White, Rev. J. Neville, B.D., Rector of Tivetshall, Norfolk White, John, Esq., Upper Wood House, Rawdon, Leeds White, John, Esq., Warden of Whixley Hospital, York White, Joseph, Esq., Anfield House, Romsey, Hants White, Robert, Esq., Woodhouse Grove, Leeds White, Thomas W., Esq., Nursling, Southampton White, Rev. William, M.A., Vicar of Stradbroke, Suffolk White, William Lambert, Esq., YeoviJ, Somerset Whitehead, John, Esq., Cambridge Whitehead, Matthias, Esq., J.P., The Crescent, Selby [worth Whitehead, Ralph Radcliffe, Esq., Royal George Mills, Saddle- Whiteley, John Denton, Esq., Stainland, Halifax Whiteley & Sons, Messrs. John, Calder Side, Hebden-Bridge Whitfield, Edward, Esq., Elswick Villa, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Whitfield, William, Esq., Solicitor, Rotherham Whitham, Joseph, Esq., Kirkstall, Leeds Whitley, Edward, Esq., West Coker, Yeovil, Somerset Whitmore, Rev. Ainslie H., Leasingham Rectory, Sleaford Whitmore, Thomas, Esq., Apley Park, Bridgenorth, Salop Wickham, James, Esq., Sutton-Scotney House, Whitchurch Wickham, Rev. Robert, M.A., Twyford, Winchester Wickham, William, Esq., Bullington House, Whitchurch Wickham, William, Esq., Winchester Wicksted, Charles, Esq., Shakenhurst, Cleobury-Mortimer Wilberforce, William, Esq., Oriel College, Oxford Wilby, John, Esq., Solicitor, Wakefield, Yorkshire [terfield Wilcocks, Rev. W. Wright, M.A., Incumbent of Ridgeway, Ches- Wild, Rev. William Taylor, B.D., Vicar of Westow, Whitwell Wilde, Rev. Spencer D., Fletching, near Uckfield, Sussex Wilkins, Rev. Edw., M. A., Rector of Hempstead, Stalham, Norfolk Wilkinson, Rev. C., M.A., Vicar of Bardsey, Wetherby Wilkinson, Rev. H. T., Weston Rectory, Harling, Norfolk Wilkinson, John Etridge, Esq., Dunston Lodge, Gateshead Wilkinson, Rev. Marmaduke, M.A., Redgrave Rectory, Botesdale Wilkinson, Rev. Wm. Hutton, M.A., Incumb. of All Saints, Portsea Wilkinson, William, Esq., Brow Bridge, Elland, Halifax Wilkinson, Rev. W. G., Bubwith Vicarage, HowJen Wilks, John, Esq., Solicitor, Dewsbury Willan, Robert, jun.. Esq., Solicitor, Barnsley Willan, Whaley, Esq., Solicitor, Benthain, Lancaster Winders, J. W., Esq., Chesterton House, Stilton Willebois, H., Esq., Marham House, near Downham-Market Williams, Rev. E„, B. A., Perpetual Curate of Linfield and Ascot Williams, Rev.H. J., Vicar of Buckland-Denham, Somerset Williams, Rev. James P., Sidlesham, near Chichester, Sussex Williams, John, Esq., liurncooso, Truro, Cornwall Williams, John, Esq., Retley Hill, Wellington, Salop Williams, John, Esq., M.D., Beverley [Hull Williams, Rev. Preston J., M.A., Sigglesthorne, Kingston-upon- Williams, Rev. Stephen, Magor, Newport, Monmouth Williams, William, Esq., Hallatrow, near Bath, Somerset Williamson, Captain, Crawley, Hants Williamson, Rev. R. H., M.A., Incumbent of Holy Trinity, Dar- W’^illington, John S., Esq., Newport, Isle of Wight [lington VoL. L Willis, George, Esq., Sopley Park, Ringwood, Hants Willoby, W. & E., Messrs., Solicitors, Berwick-upon- ['weed Willoughby, Henry, Esq., Birdsall Hall, Malton Willson, John, Esq., Quarry House, Northowram, Halifax Wilson, Benjamin, Esq., Bank House, Mirfield, Dewsbury Wilson, Frederick W., Esq., Solicitor, Sheffield Wilson, George, Esq., M.D., Alnwick Wilson, George St. V., Esq., Redgrave Hall, near Botesdale Wilson, Henry, Esq., Solicitor, Alford Wilson, Henry, Esq., Stowlangtoft Hall, near Ix worth, Suffolk Wilson, Sir Isaac, Knt., and M.D., Fareham, Hants Wilson, J., Esq., Solicitor, Goole Wilson, James William, Esq., Solicitor, Louth Wilson, John, Esq., Union Bank, Huddersfield Wilson, Joseph, Esq., Clifford, Sheffield Wilson, Joseph Radcliffe, Esq., Solicitor, Stockton-upon-J ees Wilson, Knowlton, Esq., M.D., Sheffield Wilson, R., jun.. Esq., Solicitor, Hartlepool Wilson, Rev. Samuel, M.A., Vicar of Warter, Pocklington Wilson, Rev. Thomas, M.A., Incumbent of Walton, Wetherby Wilson, Thomas, Esq., Merchant, Kingston-on-Hull Wilson, Thomas, Esq., Hornsea, Yorkshire Wilson, Thomas, Esq., Shotley Hall, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Wdson, Thomas, Esq., Fell House, Gateshead Low Fell Wilson, Thomas, Esq., Birkby House, Huddersfield Wilson, Major Thomas, Titchfield, Hants Wilson, Rev.T. D. Holt, Rector of Hinderclay, near Botesdale Wilson, Rev. William, M.A., Incumbent of Ryhope, Sunderland Wilson, W. Murray, Esq., Horsforth, Leeds Wilson, Rev. William, Palgrave Rectory, near Diss, Norfolk Wilson, Rev. William, D.D., Vicar of Holy-Rood Wimble, Nehemiah, Esq., Lewes, Sussex Windham, W. H., Esq., Felbrigg Hall, Norfolk Winearls, R. G., Esq,, Marham, near Downham-Market Wing, Rev. Wm. M.A., Rector of Stibbington, Wansford, Hunts Winn, Charles, Esq., J.P., Nostal Priory, Wakefield Winn, Joseph, Esq., Newlay House, Leeds Winnington, Rev. Francis, Rectory House, near Bromyard Winpenny, Rev. J., Incumbent of Yarm Winsloe, Rev. Richard, Wilton, Taunton, Somerset Winslow, John, Esq., Lashlake, Thame Winstanley, Rev. J. Robinson, D.D., Vicar of Bampton, Oxon Winterbottom, Thomas M., Esq., M.D., Westoe, South Shields WINTERTON, The Right Honourable the Earl of Wise, Rev. John Henry, Stradbrooke, Suffolk Wiseman, William Wood, Esq., Ossett, Wakefield Witham, H. T. M., Esq., J.P., Lartington Hall, Barnard- Castle Wither, Rev. Harris Jervois Bigg, M.A., Worting Rectory, Hants W ither. Rev. Lovelace Bigg, M. A., Tangier Park, do. Wither, Rev. William Bigg, B.C.L.*, Otterbourne, do. Withers, William, Esq., Church House, Holt, Norfolk WODEHOUSE, The Right Honourable Lord Wodehouse, Edmund, Esq., M.P., Bracondale, near Norwich Wollaston, Rev. W. C., Rector of East Dereham, Norfolk Wollen, Rev. J., Bridgwater, Somerset Wollocombe, Rev. John, M.A., Rector of Stowford, Cornwall Wonham, Mr. W. K., Bognor, Sussex Wood, Charles Thorold, Esq., Campsall Park, Doncaster Wood, George, Esq., Morston Hall, Blakeney, Norfolk Wood, Rev. John A., M.A., Beadnell, Belford Wood, John, Esq., Thedden Grange, Alton, Hants Wood, John, Esq., W^oodlands, Darlington Wood, Joseph, Esq., Woolley Moor, Wakefield W ood, J oseph. Esq., Sandal , do. Wood, Rev. Peter, Rector of Broadwater, near Worthing, Sussex Wood, Thomas, Esq., Arthingworth, Northamptonshire Wood, William, Esq., Mayor of Pontefract in 1841 Wood, William Cole, Esq., Martock, Somerset Woodd, Bazil T., Esq., J.P., Aldborough Lodge, Boroughbridge Woodall, Henry, Esq., North Dalton, Beverley Woodall, John, Esq., J.P.,The Crescent, Scarborough Woodall, William Edward, Esq., Solicitor, Scarborough Woodhams, William R., Esq., Hammond’s House, Udimore, Rye Woodhead, William Wright, Esq., Solicitor, Sheffield Woodman, William, Esq., Town Clerk of Morpeth Woodroffe, Rev. T.,M.A., Oxon, Rector of Calbourne, Isle of Wight Woods, James, Esq., Stowmarket, Suffolk Woods, Miss, Shopwyke, near Chichester, Sussex Woods, William, Esq., Newcastle-upon-Tyne Woodward, Rev.TIios., M.A., Hopton- Wafers, Cleobury-Mortimer Wooldridge and Son, Messrs., Winchester, Hants Wordsworth, Rev. William, B.A., Monk Bretton, Barnsley Workman, Rev. William, A.M., Rector of Eastrop, Basingstoke d SUBSCRIBERS. Wormald, Frank, Esq., Field Head, Mirfield, Dewsbury Wormald, Henry, Esq., South Parade, Wakefield Wormald, Percival, Esq., Moor Lane, Gomersal, Leeds Wormald, Smith, Esq., Tickton Grange, Beverley Wormald,- William, Esq., Solicitor, Leeds Worsley, Charles C. Seymour, Esq., Newport, Isle of Wight Worsley, Rev. Charles, M.A.., Oxon, do. do. Worsley, Rev. Henry, D.D., Oxon, Rector of Gatcombe, do. Worsley, Rev. Perryman, M.A. , Rector of Little Ponton, Grantham Worsley, Thomas, Esq., Cubley, Penistone, Barnsley Worsley, Sir William, 13art., Hovingham Hall, Whitwell Worsop, John Arthur, Esq., Landford House, Wilts Wrench, Rev. J. G., D.C.L., Salehurst Vicarage, Sussex Wright, Chas., Esq., Mattishall Burgh Cottage, near East Dereham Wright, Mrs. E., Feniton, nearHoniton, Devon Wright, Francis Bowcher, Esq., Hinton-Blewett, near Bath Wright, Fiancis, Esq.,Revell Grange, Stannington, Sheffield Wright, Ichabod, Esq., Mapperley, Nottinghamshire Wright, James, Esq., Ravenhill, near Rugeley, Staffordshire Wright, James, Esq., Blyth, Northumberland Wright, John Francis, Esq., Kelvedon Hall, Ongar, Essex Wright, Joshua Collett, Esq., Beckwith House, Harrogate Wright, R., Esq., Dep.-Lieut., Sands House, Rushy ford, Durham Wright, Rev. R. J. W., M.A., Winchester, Hants Wright, Thomas G., Esq., M.D., South Parade, Wakefield Wright, William, Esq., Silsden, Keighley Wright, Rev. W., B.A., Principal of the College, Huddersfield WTigley, Thomas, Esq., W'aterloo Villa, Halifax WWatt, Hugh P., Esq., Cissbury, near Worthing Wyatt, Rev. Thomas, North Lodge, Worthing Wylam, William, Esq., Prospect Cottage, Gateshead W'^yld, Rev. Thomas, Rector of North Wraxall, Chippenham Wylie, Robert, Esq., J.P., Beverley Wymer, Rev. Edward, Rector of Westwick, Norfolk Wynch, Rev. Henry, Rector of Pett, near Winchelsea, Sussex Wyndiiam, Col. George, Petworth Park, Petworth, do. Wythe, Thomas, Esq., Manor House, Middleton, near Lynn Yaldwyn, Mrs. M., Blackdown House, near Petworth, Sussex YARBOROUGH, The Right Honourable the Earl of Yard, Thomas, Esq., Bucklands, Ryde, Isle of Wight Yarker, Rev. Luke, M.A..& J.P., Vicar of Chillingham, Belford Yate, Rev. Charles, B.D., Vicar of Holme-on-Spalding-Moor, Yates, James, Esq., Barbot Hall, Rotherham [Market- Weighton Yates, Rev. H. S., Henlow, Biggleswade, Bedfordshire Yates, R. B., Esq., Ballard Lodge, Alverstpke, Hants Yeatman, Rev. H. F., Stock House, Dorset Yerbury, Francis, Esq., Belcomb House, Bradford, WTIts Yewdall, William, Esq., Buxton House, Rawdon, Leeds YORK, His Grace the Lord Archbishop of York, E., Esq., J.P., Wighill Park, Tadcaster [London Yorke, the Hon. Eliot Thomas, M.P., Norfolk Street, Park Lane, Yorke, The Hon. & Rev. Grantham, M. A., Edinburgh Young, James, Esq., West Docks, South Shields [Spring Young, Rev. J., D.D., Master of the Kepier School, Houghton-le- Young, Thomas, Esq., Northumberland Square, North Shields ZETLAND, The Right Honourable the Earl of A TOPOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF ENGLAND. ABBE Abbas-combe, or Temple-Combe (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Wincanton, hundred of Hore- THORNE, E. division of Somerset, 4| miles (S. by W.) from Wincanton, on the road to Blandford 3 containing 461 inhabitants. It derived the name of Temple- Combe from the military order of Knights Templars, who had an establishment here, which at the dissolution possessed a revenue of £128. 7- 9. The parish comprises by measurement 1884 acres of land, and contains good building stone of the granite species, and limestone, both of which are quarried. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 9. 4^., and in the gift of the Rev. Thomas Fox : the tithes have been com- muted for a rent- charge of £370, and the glebe con- sists of 38 acres. The church exhibits the unusual spectacle of a tower on the south side of the nave. There is a place of worship for Independents 3 and two schools are supported chiefly by subscription. Some remains of the chapel attached to the old priory-house are still to be seen. ABBERBURY, county Salop. — See Alberbury. ABBERLEY (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Hartley, Lower division of the hundred of Dod- DiNGTREE, Hundred-House and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, 4f miles (W. S. W.) from Stour- port3 containing 559 inhabitants. There are 2564 acres in the parish, the surface of which is well watered by numerous brooks, and the soil is rather above the average in fertility. The village is situated to the right of the road leading from Worcester to Ludlow, in a valley surrounded by hills whose summits afford delight- ful prospects 5 the declivities are laid out in sheep- walks, and enriched with thriving plantations. Coal of excellent quality is worked to a considerable extent 3 and some limestone is found in the neighbourhood. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 10. 2|., and in the gift of H. Bromley, Esq. : the incumbent’s tithes have been commuted for a rent- VOL. I. 1 ABBE charge of £333. 8. 6., and those of the impropriators for one of £100. A school was founded under grants by Elizabeth and Victoria Walsh> in 1717> and has an income of £15 per annum, in addition to a house and garden 3 and there is also an infants’ school. William Walsh, the poet, and a correspondent of Pope and Addison, was born here, in 1663. ABBERLOFT, a hamlet, in the parish of Wil- loughby, union of Spilsby, Wold division of the hun- dred of Calceworth, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln 3 containing 23 inhabitants. ABBERTON (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Lexden and Winstree, hundred of Winstree, N. division of Essex, 4^ miles (S.) from Colchester 3 containing 248 inhabitants. It is situated about a mile and a half to the east of the river Colne, and com- prises by measurement IO67 acres. There are some gravel-pits, which afford good materials for repairing the roads 3 and chalk can be obtained at a distance of three miles, being brought by vessels into the Strode of Mersea island. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14. 7. S^., and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £300, and there are 50 acres of glebe. The church is a small neat building, on an elevated site, with a square tower of brick. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans 3 and a day school for girls is supported by subscription. ABBERTON, a parish, in the union, and Upper di- vision of the hundred of Pershore, Pershore and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, 7 miles (N. E. by N.) from Pershore 3 containing 81 inhabitants, This parish, bounded on the south by a branch of the river Piddle, comprises 990 acres, of which nearly one-half is fine pasture land, much esteemed for its dairy produce. The hall is a large structure, commanding a beautiful panoramic view of the eastern part of the county. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books B A B B O A B B O at £5. 8. and in the patronage of the Sheldon family 5 net income, £l6l. Here is a mineral spring, the water of which is bitter and cathartic, being some- what similar to that at Cheltenham. ABBERWICK, a township, in the parish of Edling- HAM, union of Alnwick, N. division of CoauETDALE ward and of Northumberland, 4 miles (W.) from Alnwick j containing 170 inhabitants. It includes the north-eastern part of the parish, adjoining Alnwick moor 5 and near it runs the river Ain, which is here joined by the Lemmington brook. ABBEY, a ty thing, in the parish, union, and hun- dred of Axminster, Honiton and S. divisions of Devon 3 containing 70 inhabitants. ABBEY-LANDS, a township, in the parish and union of Alnwuck, E. division of CoauETDALE ward, N. division of Northumberland ; containing 295 inha- bitants. Heckley House belongs to Josh. Hewitson, Esq. ABBOT’S-ANN (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Andover, partly in the hundred of Wherwell, but chiefly in that of Andover, Andover and N. divi- sions of Hants, miles (S. W. by W.) from Andover 3 containing 619 inhabitants. This place anciently be- longed to Hyde abbey, Winchester, in the earliest rolls of which it is noticed as the manor of Anna, and in later ones as Abbottes Anne. In a field, about a mile to the south-east of the church, were discovered a few years since the remains of what is believed to have been a Roman villa, from the pavement found there, and from its vicinity to Dunbury Hill. Some, however, have imagined them to be the ruins of a monastery, as the field is still called Monaster Field, and the opinion is favoured by the names of this and the neighbouring village of Monkston. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, the property passed by purchase into the Pitt family, by one of whom. Governor Pitt (who brought the Pitt diamond into Europe), the church was rebuilt. The parish comprises about 3000 acres, and is inter- sected by the Salisbury and great western road ; a canal from Andover to Southampton passes within a mile. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £42. 17. d., and in the patronage of Miss Burrough : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £790, and there are about 50 acres of glebe, and a good glebe-house. The church is a substantial brick edifice relieved with stone, with a handsome tower. There is a place of worship for Independents 3 and a school is supported by the rector. ABBOT’S-ASTLEY. — See Astley, Abbot’s. — And all places havmg a similar distinguishing prefix will be found under the proper name. ABBOTSBURY (St. Nicholas), a parish (formerly a market-town), in the union of Weymouth, hundred of Uggscombe, Dorchester division of Dorset, miles (W. S. W.) from Dorchester, and 129 (S. W. by W.) from London 3 containing, with the hamlets of Rodden and Elworth, 1005 inhabitants. The name of this place is evidently derived from its ancient possessors, the abbots of the monastery of St. Peter, which is sup- posed to have been founded in 1044, by Orcus, or Ork- ing, stew^ard of the household of Canute the Great, and Tola his wife, for monks of the Benedictine order. According to the register of the abbey it appears that a church was erected here at a very early period, by Bertulphus, a priest, and dedicated to St. Peter. This 2 having afterwards become a place of retreat for the West Saxon kings, and the territory having come into the possession of Canute, lands to a considerable extent were given by him to Orcus, by whom and Tola, or Thole, dying without issue, they were subsequently granted to the church of St. Peter, built a long time previously, and then forsaken and in decay, on account of its having been frequently infested by pirates. Orcus erected the monastery, which occupied a large extent of ground, and, in progress of time, was endowed with rich grants and divers immunities, and was frequently re- built : the remains consist of a gateway and portions of the walls. Its revenue, at the dissolution, was esti- mated at £485. 3. 5. : it was granted to Sir Giles Strange- ways, and on its site was erected a mansion, which, having been garrisoned for the king, in 1644, was at- tacked by Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, and burnt to the ground. The church was also occupied by a party of royalists, who surrendered before it sustained any damage. The TOWN, situated in a valley surrounded by lofty hills, near the sea-shore, consists of three streets, partially paved, and is well supplied with water ; the western part of it was consumed by fire in 1706. Fishing is the chief occupation of the inhabitants, great quan- tities of mackerel being taken on the coast. The weav- ing of cotton was introduced here about thirty years since, but has of late much declined. The market, which has fallen into disuse, was held on Thursday, and was granted, together with two fairs, to Sir John Strangeways in the 8th of James I., a former market, granted to one of the abbots, and held on Friday, having been long discontinued. One of the fairs has also been discontinued 3 the other, which is for sheep and toys, is held on the 10th of July. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £103 net income, £140 3 patron and impropriator, the Earl of Ilchester, whose tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £127. 10. The church is a large band- some structure, in the later style of English architecture, with a square embattled tower, and is thought to have contained the remains of the founder of the abbey and his wife, which were removed hither from the conventual church at the dissolution. A school, originally founded for twenty boys, was further endowed in 1754, by Mrs. Horner, with £21 per annum, for instructing ten addi- tional boys 3 and a charity school, for clothing and educating twenty girls, is supported by the Countess of Ilchester, who has also established an infants’ school. St. Catherine’s chapel, supposed to have been erected in the reign of Edward IV., stands on an eminence south- west of the town, and serves only as a land-mark : it is built wholly of freestone dug out of the hill on which it is situated 3 the roof is finely groined, and on each side is a handsome porch. About a mile and a half to the west of Abbotsbury is an ancient intrenchment occupy- ing an area of nearly 20 acres 3 and near the town is a cromlech. ABBOTSHAM (St. Helen), a parish, in the union of Bideford, hundred of Shebbear, Great Torrington and N. divisions of Devon, 2 miles (W.) from Bideford 3 containing, with the hamlets of Shepperton and Little- ham, 414 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the shore of Barnstaple Bay, is distinguished for a memorable victory over the Danes, who besieged the A B B O A B E R fortress, called Kenwith or Kenwic Castle, towards the close of the ninth century, on which occasion their main western army was routed, and 1^00 of them, in- cluding their leader, slain, and their consecrated standard captured. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £16. 4. 7. 5 it is in the patronage of the Crown, and the owners and occupiers of land are the impropriators. The great tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £32. 10., and the vicarial for £1205 there are nearly 34 acres of glebe. A school is partly supported by the principal proprietor of land, the vicar, and the curate. ABBOT-SIDE, HIGH, a township, in the parish of Aysgarth, wapentake of Hang-West, N. riding of York, 1^: mile (N. W. by W.) from Hawes ; containing, with the chapelries of Hardraw and Helbeck-Lunds, and the hamlets of Cotterdale, Fosdale, Litherskew, Sedbusk, Shaw, and Simonstone, 574 inhabitants. The two townships of Abbot- Side received their names from the monks of Jervaulx abbey, who had a settlement and considerable property in the district. This township, which comprises by computation 13,000 acres, is al- together wild and mountainous, and consists of moors, dales, and ravines 5 it is rich in springs, waterfalls, rocks, and caves, and a variety of interesting natural curiosities 5 and the magnificent cataract called Hardraw Scarr, 102 feet in height, with its stupendous rocks and romantic caverns, and the elevation of Shunner Fell, 2329 feet above the level of the sea, and commanding exten* sive views of several counties, are both situated in the township. The river Ure, on which are several beauti- ful waterfalls, rises at the head of the valley. A rent- charge of £163 has been awarded to Trinity College, Cambridge, as a commutation in lieu of the impropriate tithes. ABBOT-SIDE, LOW, a township, in the parish of Aysgarth, wapentake of Hang- West, N. riding of York 5 containing, with the hamlets of Grange, Bow- bridge, Helme, and Shawcote, 3 66 inhabitants. This place is on the north side of the river Ure, and com- prises by computation about 5000 acres of land : Whit- field ^Gill, in which is the picturesque waterfall called Whitfield Force, separates the township from that of Askrigg. Here the monks of Jervaulx abbey were first seated, and afterwards maintained a cell. The impro- priate tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £42, payable to Trinity College, Cambridge. Two poor widows of the place, and four others from Askrigg, are eligible to the almshouses at Grange, founded and endowed by Christopher Alderson, in 1807. ABBOTSLEY (St. Margaret), a parish, in the union of St. Neot’s, hundred of Toseland, county of Huntingdon, miles (S. E.) from St. Neot’s 5 contain- ing 443 inhabitants. It comprises about 17 00 acres, and is bounded by a brook formed by the draining of the adjacent lands, and which, passing onward between three and four miles, discharges itself into the river Ouse at St. Neot’s. The pillow-lace manufacture affords employment to the female population. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 17. ; net income, £85 5 patrons and impropriators. Master^ and Fellows of Balliol College, Oxford. The glebe consists of 185 acres, of which 125 were allotted to the vicar in lieu of the small tithes on the inclosure of the waste lands in 1837 5 the glebe-house has been 3 rebuilt. The church is an ancient edifice, consisting of a nave,. chancel, two aisles, and a tower at the west end, with a north and south porch, a west entrance through the tower, and a chancel door 5 it is supposed to have been erected between the accessions of William Rufus and Edward III., and was thoroughly repaired in 1837. A Roman road once passed along the western boundary of the parish, and in its track coins of the Roman emperors are occasionally found. Dr. Abbott, father of the Rt. Hon. Charles Abbott, speaker of the house of commons, subsequently created Lord Colchester, was vicar here in the reign of George II. ABBOTSTON (St. Peter), a, parish, in the union of Alresford, hundred of Bountisborough, Winches- ter and N. divisions of Hants, 2| miles (N. W.) from New Alresford. The living is a rectory, united to the vicarage of Itchin- Stoke, and valued in the king’s books at £13. 6. 8. : the church is in ruins. Here are the re- mains of some religious house, of which there is no authentic account. ABDASTON (St. Margaret), a parish, in the union of Newport, N. division of the hundred of Pirehill and of the county of Stafford, 4 miles (W. by S.) from Eccleshall 5 comprising the townships of Abdaston, Bishop’s Offlow, Flashbrook and Tunstall, and the hamlet of Knighton, and containing 610 ' in- habitants, of which number 39 are in the township of Abdaston. It consists of about 4000 acres, divided into nearly equal portions of arable and pasture, with a small quantity of woodland. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Dean of Lichfield, the appro- priator5 income, £100. The tithes have been com- muted for £562. 10. per annum, and the incumbent receives a rent-charge of £2. 10. In 1724, John Wright bequeathed a small portion of land for the support and education of the poor 5 and, in 1764, Richard Whit- worth gave a house and land for similar purposes. ABDON (St. Margaret), a parish, in the union of Ludlow, hundred of Munslow, S. division of Salop, 12 miles (S. W. by W.) from Bridgenorth 5 containing 155 inhabitants. It comprises upwards of 1100 acres, of which about 190 are arable, 664 meadow and pasture, and 260 waste land 5 the surface is very irregular, and the soil strong red clay in the higher grounds, with a sheep-walk, having much gorse and fern 5 the lower grounds are more favourable to agriculture. A few pits on the hill yield an inferior coal, much of which is used in lime- works 5 formerly there were several iron forges in the neighbourhood. The living is a discharged rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £3. 6. 8. 5 patron, Hon. S. Herbert 5 net income, £147, arising from tithes and a small estate, with 49 acres of glebe, of which 22 are in the parish of Stoke St. Milborough. The church is a rude structure, with walls of great thickness, and much of it appears to have been rebuilt about 150 or 200 years ago 5 in the chancel is a window in the decorated style. Abdon Burf, on the summit of Brown Glee hill, is a remarkable oval inclosure of basalt stones, evidently British 5 the area measures from north to south 1317 feet, and at its widest point from east to west it is 660 feet 5 and huge blocks of stone are Scattered within it, of which several are arranged in circles. ABERFORD (St. Richard), a parish (formerly a market-town), in the Lower division of the wapentake of Skyrack, W. riding of York, 7 miles (S. by E.) from B 2 A B E R A B E R< Wetherby, and 186f (N. N. W.) from London, on the road to Carlisle ; comprising the townships of Aberford, Parlington, and Sturt on- Grange, and containing 1071 inhabitants, of whom JS9, are in the townships of Aber- ford. The town, which is situated in the parishes of Aberford and Sherburn, is built on the gentle acclivity of a rock of limestone, near the small river Cock, a stream abounding with trout and eels, over which is an excellent stone bridge. It consists principally of one long street : the houses are in general of stone, and many of them are handsome 5 the air is pure and salu- brious, and the environs are thickly studded with ele- gant villas. The parish comprises 3S20 acres of fertile land ; there are extensive strata of limestone, and a productive coal-mine, from which a railway has been laid down to a dep6t in the town, and an extensive trade is carried on in that article. The Leeds and Selby rail- way passes within three miles. The market, which was on Wednesday, has been discontinued 5 but a customary market is held on Friday, and fairs take place on the last Monday in April and May, the first Monday in October, the first Monday after the 18th of that month, and the first Monday after the 2nd of November. The magistrates hold a petty-session for the division every Thursday, and a court of requests for the recovery of small debts was established by act of parliament in 1839 3 town has also lately been made a polling- place for the West Riding. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 1. 8., and in the patronage of Oriel College, Oxford, to which esta- blishment, and the Misses Gascoigne, the impropriation belongs 5 net income, £305. The church is an ancient structure, in the early, decorated, and later styles of English architecture. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and a national school has been built on the site of one formerly endowed, by Lady Elizabeth Hast- ings, with £10 per annum. At the distance of a mile north of Aberford are vestiges of Castle-Cary, an ancient Norman fortification. The battle of Towton, which de- cided the long continued war between the Houses of York and Lancaster, took place within two miles of the town. The Roman road is the parish boundary south of the bridge, and cuts off a small district on the north, called Greystone Field. The Rev. Mr. Waters, a former incumbent, died at the advanced age of 114 years. ABERGAVENNY {St. Mary), a market-town and parish, and the head of a union, in the division and hundred of Abergavenny, county of Monmouth, 16 miles (W. by N,) from Monmouth, and 145 (W. by N.) from London, on the road to Brecon 3 comprising the hamlets of Hardwick and Llwyndh, and containing 4953 inhabitants, of whom 2720 are in the town. This was the Gohannium of Antoninus, a Roman station so called from the river Gohannivs, now Gavenny, from which the present name of the town is formed, by pre- fixing the Welsh word Jlber, denoting its situation near the mouth of that river. Soon after the Conquest, a castle was erected here, on an eminence overlooking the Usk, by Hameline de Baiun, or Baladun, one of William’s followers, which was besieged and taken in 1215, by Llewelyn, Prince of Wales : the only remains are the exterior walls, which appear to have been erected in the time of Henry II., and within which a neat modern house has been built. De Baiun also 4 founded a priory for Benedictine monks, in honour of the Blessed Virgin, the revenue of which, at the dissolu- tion, was £59. 4. : it stood in Monk-street, and the site is now occupied by a modern dwelling, called the Priory House. The town, which is lighted with gas and well supplied with water, is beautifully situated at the extre- mity of a pass, where the mountains abruptly termi- nate, and is watered by the rivers Usk, Gavenny, and Kibby, over the first of which is an ancient bridge of fifteen arches, including several dry arches on each side. The streets are narrow, and the houses irregularly built 3 but considerable improvements have been made by the enlargement of the market-place, and the removal of numerous projections in front of the buildings 3 and the salubrity of the air, and the picturesque beauty of the surrounding scenery, attract numerous visiters during the summer months. Assemblies are occasion- ally held. The trade is principally in wool, a conside- rable quantity of which is sold on the market-days during the months of June and July : the mountains in the neighbourhood abound with coal and iron-stone, and in the surrounding districts numerous iron-works have been established. The Monmouthshire and Brecon canal, which passes within a mile of the town, affords great facility in distributing to every part of the king- dom the produce of the mines 3 and there is also a tram- road to Hereford. The market-days are Tuesday and Saturday, the former chiefly for corn : the fairs are held on the third Tuesday in March, May 14th (which is the principal), June 24th, the Tuesday before July 20th (at which two last a great quantity of wool is sold), Sept. 25th, and Nov. 19th. The charter of in- corporation, by which the government of the town was vested in a bailiff, recorder, and twenty-seven burgesses, was forfeited in the reign of William HI., and the town is now within the jurisdiction of the county magi- strates, who hold a petty-session every Wednesday. The LIVING is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10. 0. 7^* 3 net income, £451 3 patron, C. Bailey, Esq. 3 impropriator, Mrs. Bagot. The church is a spacious structure, the body and side-aisles of which were taken down in 1 828, and rebuilt, and gal- leries erected 3 there are several very ancient inonu- ments, principally of the Herberts, some of whom were killed at the battle of Agincourt. A neat pile of build- ing in the Tudor style, consisting of an oblong square, with a handsome church dedicated to the Floly Trinity in the centre, was erected in 1840, at the sole expense of Miss Rachel Herbert, of The Hill, near the town : the south side of the square consists of a residence for the minister, and four cottages, the north side having the same number of cottages, and a schoolroom for fifty girls, with apartments for the mistress 3 Miss Herbert, who has endowed the cottages, which are for aged women, is patroness for life, and the bishop of the diocese will afterwards appoint to the living, which Miss Herbert has endowed with £3000. There are two places of worship for Baptists, and one each for Independents, English and Welsh Wesleyans, and Roman Catholics. The free grammar school, founded by Henry VIII. in 1 543, and formerly under the management of the cor- poration, was, on the forfeiture of their charter, placed under the control of the Master and Fellows of Jesus’ College, Oxford, who appoint the master, with preference to a fellow of that college 3 a writing-master also is ap- A B I N A B I N pointed. The school-house was formerly the parochial church of St.John, which was converted to this purpose at the dissolution : about the middle of the last century it was rebuilt j but still, from its embattled tower, pre- sents the appearance of an ecclesiastical structure. William Prichard, in 1623, founded a scholarship in Jesus’ College, to which boys educated at this school are eligible. A national school is supported partly by voluntary contributions, and partly from the grammar school fund 5 and another school, for 50 girls, is main- tained wholly by subscription. The poor law union of Abergavenny comprises 26 parishes or places in the county of Monmouth, and 2 in the county of Hereford, and contains a population of 50,834. A variety of Ro- man coins, among which were a gold Otho, some bricks inscribed Leg. II. Aug.,” and a sudatory, have been discovered in the town 3 and within half a mile of it are the remains of a Roman camp, near which was a chapel of ease, now converted into a farm-house. Abergavenny confers the title of Earl on the family of Neville 5 the earldom, like those of Arundel and Berkeley, is a local dignity, attached to the possession of the castle, and the only one now subsisting of those baronies with which the Norman warriors, who assisted in the subjugation of Wales, were rewarded. ABERYSTWITH {St, Peter), a parish, in the union, division, and hundred, of Abergavenny, county of Monmouth, 9 miles (S. W. by W.) from Aberga- venny ; containing 1 1,27^ inhabitants. This parish, which is sometimes called Blaenau,” comprises about 11,000 acres by computation, and abounds with valuable mines of iron, which are worked on a very extensive scale : it is intersected by numerous tram-roads, com- municating with the Brecon and Monmouth canals, leading to Newport, where the produce of the various works is shipped. A quarry of stone used for roofing and paving, is also partially worked. There are villages in the parish, connected with the iron-works of Ebbw- vale, Nanty-Glo, Coalbrook-vale, Blaina, and Cwmelyn. The living is a perpetual curacy, endowed with nearly the whole of the rectorial tithes, and in the gift of the Earl of Abergavenny : the impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £5. 10., and those of the incumbent for £300. The church is a plain struc- ture, erected in 1827. There are places of worship for Baptists, Wesleyans, Calvinists, and Ranters • and a national schoolroom, which is licensed as a chapel. ABINGDON, a borough and market-town, having exclusive jurisdiction, and the head of a union, locally in the hundred of Hormer, county of Berks, of which it is the county town, 6 miles (S.) from Oxford, 26 (N. W. by N.) from Reading, and 56 (W.N. W.) from London 5 containing, exclusively of that part of the parish of gt. Helen which is in the hundred of Hormer, 5585 inhabitants ; of which num- ber 4947 are in the parish of St. Helen, and 638 in that of St. Nicholas. This place, according to a manu- script in the Cottonian library, quoted by Dugdale, was, in the time of the Britons, a city of consider- 5 able importance, and distinguished as a royal resi- dence, to ;^hich the people resorted to assist at the great councils of the nation. By the Saxons it was called Scovechesham, or Sewsham, but acquired the name - of Abbendon, the town of the abbey,” on the removal hither, in 680, of a monastic institution previously founded at Bagley Wood, now an extra-parochial liberty in the vicinity, by Cissa, viceroy of Centwine, ninth king of Wessex, on which Ceadwalla, his son and successor, bestowed the towm and its appendages. After the esta- blishment of the monastery, Offa, King of Mercia, on a visit to Abingdon, was so much pleased wdth the situa- tion, that he erected a palace here, in which he and his immediate successors, Egferth and Cenwulf, ocdhsionally resided. The monastery continued to flourish till 871, when it was destroyed by the Danes ; in consequence of which, Edred, grandson of Alfred, in 955, laid the first stone of a new^ monastery, which was completed after his death by the abbot Ethelwold, and his succes- sor Ordgar, and which, from the extent of its endow- ments and privileges, subsequently augmented by Edgar and Canute the Great, was raised to the dignity of a mitred abbey. William the Conqueror celebrated the festival of Easter at Abingdon, in 1084, where he was sumptuously entertained by Robert D’Oilly, one of the most powerful barons of the time, under whose care he left his son Henry to be educated in this convent, where the prince imbibed those acquirements which afterwards procured for him the surname of Beauclerc. At the disso- lution, the revenue of the abbey was £1876. 10. 9. A nunnery was also founded here by Cilia, niece of Cissa, over which she presided till her death, when it was removed to Witham : its site was afterwards given, by Edward VI., to Christ’s hospital in this town. The Guild of the Holv Cross was instituted in St. Helen’s % church prior to the reign of Richard IL, and appears to have been refounded in that of Henry Y,, when the brethren erected bridges at Burford and Culhamford, where the ferry across the river was so dangerous that passengers and cattle were frequently lost : it was dis- solved in 1547, at which period its revenue amounted to £85. 15. 6., and, in 1553, was appropriated to the en- dowment of Christ’s hospital. In the early part of the civil war of the seventeenth century, Charles 1. garri- soned Abingdon, where he established the head-quarters of his cavalry 3 but on the retreat of the royal forces to Oxford, in 1644, the Earl of Essex took possession of it, and garrisoned it for the parliament 5 and, a few days afterwards. Waller’s army, which had been stationed near Wantage, entered this town, and among other excesses destroyed the cross in the market-place, at which, in 1641, the accommodation with the Scots was celebrated by 2000 choristers : this cross is particularly noticed by Camden for its beauty, and was the model of one afterwards erected at Coventry. Sir Stephen Hawkins, in 1645, and Prince Rupert, in the following year, attacked the garrison unsuccessfully : on these oc- casions the defenders put every Irish prisoner to death, without trial, whence the expression Abingdon law.” The TOWN, which is pleasantly situated at the influx of the small river Ock into the Thames, is handsomely built, and consists of several spacious streets diverging from the market-place 3 it is also well paved and lighted, under a local act of the 6th of George IV., and is amply supplied with water. The several bridges near the town A B 1 N A B I N have been widened and improved by voluntary contri- butions, and the causeway connected with Culham bridge forms a pleasant promenade. An act for in- closing lands was passed in 1841. Races take place here in September, at which time assemblies are held in the council-chamber. The manufacture of woollen goods was formerly carried on to a great extent, but has quite declined ; and during the late war it had a good trade in sail-cloth, sacking, and coarse manufactures of a similar description 5 but, owing to the competition of the establishments in the north of England and in Scotland, this source of employment has also declined. The trade now consists in corn and in malt, and is car- ried on to a considerable extent. Several wharfs and warehouses have been constructed, wher^ the Wilts and Berks canal joins the Thames, near its confluence with the Ock. The market-days are Monday, chiefly for corn (of which a large quantity is sold), and Friday, for provision only : fairs for horses and horned cattle are held on the flrst Monday in Lent, May flth, June ^Oth, Aug. 5th, Sept. 19th, the Monday before Old Michaelmas day (a statute fair), Monday after Oct. 12th (a great market), and Dec. 11th ^ and there is also a fair for wool. The BOROUGH w^as incorporated by Philip and Mary in 1555-6, and subsequent charters were granted by Elizabeth, James 1., and Oeorge III., chiefly confirma- tory of the original, by which the corporation was styled the Mayor, BaililFs, and Burgesses of the borough of Abingdon 5’' but the corporation is now, under the Municipal Act of 1836, styled the ‘‘ Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses,” which has been adopted as the motto of their new seal ^ and consists of a mayor, 4 aldermen, and 12 councillors : the burgesses are about 300 in number, and the mayor, late mayor, and recorder, with four others, are justices for the borough, of which the municipal and parliamentary boundaries are the same. A court of sessions is held quarterly, with jurisdiction over felonies and misdemeanors ,5 a court of record for the recovery of debts not exceeding £10 takes place every Tuesday, on which day the magistrates hold also a petty-session ; and courts leet and view of frankpledge are held by the mayor within a month after Easter and Michaelmas. The old borough gaol has been converted into a police station-house and other uses, and the borough justices have the privilege of committing pri- soners to the county bridewell ^ the prisoners, however, being supported out of the borough rate. The town returns a member to parliament : the elective franchise is vested in the inhabitants paying scot and lot and not receiving alms j and the mayor is the returning officer. The members for the county are elected at Abingdon 5 and the county magistrates hold a petty- session on alternate Mondays for the Abingdon division. The market-house is a spacious and elegant building of freestone, erected by the corporation in 1678, having a commodious hall in which the county court and the Nisi Prius court at the assizes are held, and public business connected with the borough or county is transacted. The county bridewell, a hand.some stone edifice, erected in 1811, at an expense of £26,000, com- prises a neat court-house, in which the crown court at the summer assizes and the July county sessions are held ; the October sessions take place here and at Read- ing alternately. 6 Abingdon comprises the parishes of St. Helen and St. Nicholas 5 the former including, in the out-parish^ part of the townships of Shippon and Northcourt and the v^hole of Sandford, Barton, and Pumney 5 and the latter, the remainder of Shippon and Northcourt, also some lands in Sunningw^ell and Bayworth, which are all without the limits of the borough. The living of St. Helen’s is a vicarage, with that of St. Nicholas and the chapelry of Drayton annexed, valued in the king’s books at £29. 11. 3., and having a net income of £225 5 it is in the patronage of the Crown, and the impro- priation belongs to the Crown and others. The church is a handsome structure, in the early English style, with a square embattled tower, surmounted by a lofty spire. In addition to the annexed vicarage, there is also a dis- charged sinecure rectory belonging to the parish of St. Nicholas, and in the patronage of the Crown j net in- come £30. The church of St. Nicholas, built about the close of the thirteenth, or commencement of the four- teenth, century, has some remains of Norman archi- tecture. Mr. Wrigglesworth left lands and tenements, in Abingdon, for the support of a lecture in St. Helen’s church, to be delivered every Saturday evening from Michaelmas to Lady-day, and at the church at Marcham (a village two miles and a half distant) on every Sun- day morning from Lady-day till Michaelmas. There are places of worship for Baptists, the Society of Friends, Independents, and Wesleyans. The Free Gram- mar school, for the education of “ Threescore and thir- teen” boys was founded in 1563, by John Royse, and endowed with two messuages in Birchin-lane, London, now occupied by part of the premises belonging to the London Assurance Company. In I6O8, William Bennett, of Marlborowe,” left lands in Brodebluns- don” for the maintenance of six poor scholars in Royse’ s school, who are elected by the master and governors of Christ’s hospital in this town, and, from the increase of the funds, are clothed, and instructed also in writing and arithmetic ^ and in l609, Thomas Tesdale gave cer- tain lands in the county of Warwick, to maintain an usher, whose salary is £120. 6. per annum. The school is entitled to six scholarships at Pembroke College, Oxford, established by Thomas Tesdale, two to be filled by the founder s kin, and the others from Abingdon school j and to four more scholarships at the same college, instituted by Richard Wightwick, two for the founder’s kin. Preference is given to boys on Bennett’s foundation, and the master’s private pupils are eligible. Several bequests have also been left for the education of poor boys and girls in other schools 3 and a national and a British school are carried on. Christ's Hospital, on the west side of St. Helen’s church, erected in 1446, originally belonged to the fra- ternity of the Holy Cross, on the dissolution of wffiich establishment, in 1547, the inhabitants applied, through Sir John Mason, to King Edward VI., for the restora- tion of their lost estates, and the foundation of an hospital for the relief of the poor of the town 3 in com- pliance with which application that monarch, by letters patent in 1553, founded the hospital under its present name, and incorporated twelve persons for its govern- ment, by the name of The Master and Governors of the Hospital of Christ.” It consists of almshouses for six poor men and six women and a nurse, with cloisters, and a handsome hall, where prayers are read morn- A B I N A B K E ring and evening to the inmates. An almshouse was built in 1718, for eighteen men or women; and there is another, near the river Isis, for six men or women, to which Mr. Beasley, in 18^6, bequeathed £600 stock, the interest to be paid weekly, and the late Thomas Knight, Esq., in 1836, left £600 three and a half per cents. St. John’s hospital, in the Vineyard, was endowed before the Reformation, for six poor men, and rebuilt by the corporation, in 1801 ; B. Bedwell, Esq., was a liberal contributor to it, and Mr. Beasley added £600 stock to the endowment. An almshouse near St. Helen’s church was erected in 1707, by Charles Twitty, for the maintenance of three men and three women; bequests of £200 each, by John Bedwell, in 1799, and Samuel Cripps, in 1819, and of £600 three per cent, stock by Mr. Beasley, in 1826, have been added to the original endowment. There are also houses for four men and four women, endowed in 1733, by (Benjamin Tomkins ; and various charitable bequests have been made to the poor of the town. The union of Abingdon comprises 27 parishes or places, in the county of Berks, and 11 in that of Oxford, and con- tains a population of 18,789. The remains of the abbey consist chiefly of the gateway entrance, which, though greatly mutilated, displays some beautiful details of the later style of English architecture. St. Edmund, Arch- bishop of Canterbury ; Sir John Mason, British am- bassador at the court of France, and chancellor of the University of Oxford ; and the late Lord Colchester, were natives of this place ; which confers the title of Earl on the family of Bertie. ABINGER (St. James), a parish, in the union of Dorking, First division of the hundred of Wotton, W. division of Surrey, miles (S. W. by W.) from Dorking ; containing 9^0 inhabitants. This parish is noticed in the Domesday survey, under the appellation of Abinebourne ; it comprises a small hamlet called Hammer, from an iron hammer mill formerly erected here. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 8. 1^., and in the gift of the Evelyn family : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £584, and there are 85 acres of glebe. The church, which occupies an elevated site, is an ancient edifice, with a low wooden tower and pyramidal spire. A school was commenced in 1 829, and is supported by subscription. Lady Evelyn, in 1817, left £500 to the poor of this and the adjoining parish of Wotton ; and the parish enjoys benefit from Henry Smith’s charity. Oakham Grove was the seat of the celebrated Sir John Evelyn, and Parkhurst, of Lord Macartney. Sir James Scarlett was raised to the peerage by the title of Baron Abinger in 1835, having just previously been created chief baron of the exchequer. ABINGHALL {St, Michael), a parish, in the union of Westbury, hundred of St. Briavells, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 4 miles (N. by W.) from Newnham ; containing 239 inhabitants. This place, formerly called Abbenhall, derived its name from having been the residence of the abbots of Flaxley. It contains 691 acres, of which 306 are arable, 238 pas- ture, and 121 woodland; the surface is hilly, and the soil in general sandy, but towards the east it is rich and fertile, and the scenery rurally picturesque. There are mines of coal and iron ore, and stone is quarried ; and facilities of conveyance are afforded by tram-roads and 7 the Severn. The manufacture of paper is carried on to a considerable extent at Gun’s mills, formerly an iron furnace; the machinery is worked by a stream issuing from St. Anthony’s well, the water of which is reputed to be efficacious in cutaneous diseases. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 6. 8., and in the gift of the Dean of Llandaff : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £136. 17., and there are 26 acres of glebe. The church is an old edifice, in the early English style. ABINGTON {St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in the hundred of Spelhoe, union, and S. division of the county, of Northampton, 1 J mile (E. N. E.) from Northampton ; containing 143 inhabitants. This was the residence and burial-place of Elizabeth Hall, grand- daughter of the immortal Shakspeare, and widow of Thomas Nash, Esq. : she married Sir John Bernard, lord of the manor of Abington, and resided here till her death. The parish, which is bounded on the south and south-east by the river Nene, comprises 1140 acres; and the roads to Kettering and Wellingborough pass through it. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £20 ; net income, £200 ; patron, J. H. Thursby, Esq. The church exhibits various styles of English architecture. ABINGTON, GREAT {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Linton, hundred of Chilford, county of Cambridge, miles (N. W.) from Linton ;' containing 358 inhabitants. This place was formerly in the pos- session of the Veres, Earls of Oxford, to one of whom a market on Friday, to be held here, was granted about 1256, with a fair on the festival of St. Lawrence, both of which have been long discontinued. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 16. 3. ; net income, £62 ; patron and impropriator, T. Mortlock, Esq. The tithes, with some exceptions, were commuted for land under an inclosure act in 1801. A school for girls is supported by subscription. ABINGTON- IN-THE-CL AY, or Abington-Pigots {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Royston, hundred of Armingford, county of Cambridge, 4j miles (W. N. W.) from Royston ; containing 232 in- habitants. It had formerly the privilege of holding a market on Friday, granted about the year 1335 to the Bassingbourns. The parish comprises 1239«. 8p., of which 885 acres are arable, 268 meadow, 64 wood, and 19 occupied by cottages. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £16. 2. 3j., and in the gift of M. G. F. Pigott, Esq. : the tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £354, and there are 28 acres of glebe. A school is supported by subscription. ABINGTON, LITTLE {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Linton, hundred of Chilford, county of Cambridge, 2f miles (N. W. by N.) from Linton ; con- taining 277 inhabitants. This place appears to be of some antiquity, its church having been given by Ste- phen, Earl of Brittany, to the monastery of St. Mary in York, subsequently to which, the prior of Pentney, in Norfolk, possessed it. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 6. 5§. ; net in- come, £87 ; patron, T. Mortlock, Esq. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment by an in- closure act in 1801. AB-KETTLEBY {St. James), a parish, in the union of Melton-Mowbray, hundred of Framland, ♦ AB T H A C C O N. division of the county of Leicester, 3 miles (N. W. by N.) from Melton- Mowbray, on the road to Nottingham ; containing, with the hamlet of Hoi well, 380 inhabitants. This parish, situated near the border of Nottinghamshire, comprises 21^7 acres, of which 660 are arable, and 1467 pasture. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £15. 10. 5., and in the patronage of the Rev. Thomas Bingham : the tithes for the waste grounds inclosed in the parish were commu- ted for land by an inclosure act in 1761. At Holwell is a chapel of ease. There is a school for children of both sexes, supported by the incumbent. ARLINGTON, a tything, in the parish of Bi bury, union of Northleach, hundred of Brightwell’s-Bar- Row, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 5^ miles (N. W. by N.) from Fairford j containing 96 inhabit- ants. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £364. 5. ARLINGTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Fighel- DEAN, union and hundred of Amesbury, Everley and Pewsey, and S. divisions of Wilts 5 containing 137 in- habitants. ABNEY, a hamlet, in the parish of Hope, union of Bakewell, hundred of High Peak, N. division of the county of Derby, 4^ miles (N. E.) from Tideswell ; containing 102 inhabitants. ABRAM, a township, in the parish and union of Wigan, hundred of West Derby, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 4j miles (N. N. E.) from Newton-in-Mackerfield ; containing 901 inhabitants, in- cluding 35 in barges. It comprises I769 acres, of which 442 are arable, and 1327 pasture. A district church, dedicated to St. John, has lately been built, towards de- fraying the expense of which the Incorporated Society granted £200 3 and a school-house was erected, in 1824, at the cost of Mrs. Bevan, of Lowton house. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £242. ABRIDGE, a hamlet, in the parish of Lambourn, union and hundred of Ongar, S. division of Essex, 6| miles (N. N. W.) from Romford. This place, which is on the high road to Chipping-Ongar, and is bounded on the north by the river Roding, was formerly called Affe- bruge, or Affebridge ^ it has within the last few years been rapidly increasing, and contains several handsome houses. A chapel of ease was erected in 1833 3 a national school has been established j and there is a place of worship for Wesley ans. ABSON. — See Wick and Arson. ABTHORPE {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union and hundred of Tow^cester, S. division of the county of Northampton, 3 miles (W. S. W.) from Towcester ; containing, with the hamlets of Char- lock and Foscot, 449 inhabitants. This place was for- merly a chapelry dependent upon the vicarage of Towcester, from which it was separated by act of parliament in 1737, and constituted a distinct parish, it is situated on the right bank of the river Tow, which bounds it on the north-west ; and consists of 1895a. Sr. I7p. Limestone is quarried. The living is a vicarage not in charge 3 net income, £184 5 patrons, alternately, the Bishop of Lichfield, and Samuel Blencowe, Esq., and others, to whom the impropriation also belongs. The tithes were partially commuted for land under an inclo- sure act in 1822 3 and those of the Bishop have been re- cently commuted for a rent-charge of £220 3 there are 8 ' about 50 acres of appropriate glebe. Mrs. Jane Leeson, by will dated in 1 646, bequeathed certain property to the poor in this and other villages, and also for the in- struction of children in a school-house here, previously erected at her expense : the estate at Abthorpe com- prises a dwelling-house and about 60 acres of land, together with an allotment of nearly 57 acres under the act of inclosure. ABY {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Louth, Marsh division of the hundred of Calceworth, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 3 miles (N. W. by W.) from Alford 5 containing, with the hamlet of Greenfield, 312 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, united, in 1732, to the rectory of Belleau, and valued in the king’s books at £6. 3. 6. ACASTER-MALBIS {Holy Trii^ity), a parish, in the union of York, partly in the Ainsty wapentake and W. riding, but chiefly in the wapentake of Ouze and Derwent, E. riding of York, 4§ miles (S. by W.) from York 3 containing 748 inhabitants, of which number 322 are in the township of Acaster-Malbis. This place partly derives its name from the family of Malby, who flourished here for some centuries after the Conquest, until at length a daughter and heiress was married to Fairfax, of Walton, created Viscount Emley. It comprises by computation 1839 acres, and is intersected by the navigable river Ouse. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £56 5 patron and impropriator, Sir F. Law- ley, Bart. A school is endowed with land given by John Knowles in 1603, which produces £29. 4. 7. per annum, and is vested in feoffees, who appoint fourteen poor children on the foundation. ACASTER-SELBY, a township, in the parish of Stillingfleet, E. division of Ainsty wapentake, and W. riding of York, 7i mdes (S. by W.) from York 3 containing 188 inhabitants. This place, which anciently belonged to the abbot of Selby, is pleasantly situated on the banks of the navigable river Ouse. A college for a provost and two or three fellows, one of whom was to instruct children, was founded here by Robert Sfil- lington, the revenue of which, at the dissolution, was £33. 10. 4. A school is aided by a small endow- ment. ACCONBURY, or Acornbury {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the Upper division of the hun- dred of WoRMELOW, union and county of Hereford, 4 miles (S.) from Hereford 3 containing 158 inhabitants. This parish comprises 1590 acres by computation, and is intersected by the old road from Ross to Hereford, and on its western side by that between Hereford and Monmouth. A nunnery of the order of SL Augustine was founded here, in the reign of John, by Margery, wife of Walter de Lacy, to the honour of the Holy Cross, the revenue of which, at the dissolution, was £75. 7. 5|, : the remains have been converted into a farm-house, and some stone coffins are still preserved. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £53 3 patrons, the Governors of Guy’s Hospital, London. The vaults of the church contain the ashes of many illustrious persons, among whom are the first Duke of Chandos, and an Earl of Carnarvon. On the summit of Acconbury hill, celebrated for its fine plantations and drives, and its beautiful views, are ' traces of a large Roman encampment, the rampart of which, on the east side, is plainly discernible. A C K L A C K W ACCRINGTON, a post-town, in the parish of Wh al- ley, union of Haslingden, Higher division of the hun- dred of Blackburn, N. division of Lancashire, 5^ miles (E. by S.) from Blackburn 5 comprising the cha- pelry of Old, and the township of New, Accrington ; and containing 8719 inhabitants, of whom 1811 are in Old, and 6908 in New, Accrington. Within the last few years this place has acquired considerable importance, from its situation in the calico-printing district • and some large establishments for spinning cotton thread, and weaving and printing calico, have been formed. An act for lighting the township with gas, and supplying the inhabitants with water, was passed in 1841. Old Accrington contains about 739 acres, and New Accring- ton, 2450. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £158 j patron, Vicar of Whalley 5 appropriator. Arch- bishop of Canterbury. The chapel was taken down and rebuilt upon a larger scale, in 1826 5 and an additional church was erected in 1840, in the form of a cross, at an expense of above £7000, defrayed by Messrs. Har- greaves and Co., and other inhabitants. There are places of worship for Baptists, Wesleyans, and Sweden- borgians ; also a national school, erected by subscription in 1806, and towards the support of which Jonathan Peel, Esq., in 1824, gave £1000. ACHURCH. — See Thorpe-Achurch. ACKLAM {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Malton, wapentake of Buckrose, E. riding of York j containing the townships of Acklam-with- Barthorpe and Leavening, and 845 inhabitants, of whom 411 are in Acklam-with-Barthorpe, miles (S.) from New Malton. The parish comprises about 4000 acres 5 the surface is elevated, including a portion of the wolds, from which a most extensive view of the surrounding country is obtained j and the scenery is in many parts beautifully romantic. The soil in the valley is a strong clay, and in other parts of lighter quality 3 and stone of a good kind for building is largely quarried. The village is situated in a narrow valley, on the west of the wolds. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5 5 net income, £108; patron and appro- priator, Chancellor of the Cathedral of York. The church, rebuilt in 1790, is a neat structure, with a square tower, and contains 250 sittings, all of which are free. There are places of worship for Primitive Methodists and Wesleyans. The parochial school is endowed with one acre of land, and is further supported by subscrip- tion. ACKLAM-in-Cleveland, a parish, in the union of Stockton-upon-Tees, W. division of the liberty of Langbaurgh, N. riding of York, 3 miles (S. E. by E.) from Stockton ; containing 97 inhabitants. This parish, which is on the road from Stokesley to Stockton, and bounded on the west by the river Tees, includes parts of the townships of Linthorpe and Ayresome, and cqm- prises an area of about 1050 acres, chiefly the property of Thomas Hustler, Esq., lord of the manor 3 the sur- face is varied, but generally flat. The soil in the eastern portion is clay, and in the western sandy, and the scenery of pleasing character 5 the lands, which are nearly all arable, and in good cultivation, are divided into several farms of moderate extent. The Stockton and Middlesborough railway passes through the parish. Acklam Hall, the seat of Mr. Hustler, has been recently re-fronted, and is a spacious and handsome mansion of VoL. I. — 9 brick, pleasantly situated in grounds well laid out, and ornamented with plantations. The village is on the road side. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Archbishop of York, the appropriator,' and has a net income of £44 ; the church, which had become dilapidated, was rebuilt in 177^, and is a neat structure, covered with Westmorland blue slates. At Linthorpe is a school endowed with a house and garden and £5 per annum, bequeathed by Miss Everald Hustler, in 1770. The parish was formerly noted for a fine breed of Durham short-horned cattle. ACKLINGTON, a township, in the parish of Wark- woRTH, union of Alnwick, E. division of Coquetdale ward, N. division of Northumberland, 10| miles (S. S. E.) from Alnwick 3 containing 301 inhabitants. The manor formed a part of the barony of Warkworth, and at a very early period belonged to the Percy s, earls of Northumberland, in whose family it still remains. The village, which is pretty large, is situated a little to the south of the river Coquet, and about midway between the sea and the road from Alnwick to Morpeth 3 and is chiefly inhabited by mechanics and labourers. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge amounting to £283. 7. 6., of which £232. 18. are payable to the Bishop of Carlisle, and £50. 9. 6. to the vicar. Coal is obtained in the township. ACKLINGTON- PARK, a township, in the parish of Warkworth, union of Alnwick, E. division of Co- auETDALE ward, N. division of Northumberland, 9 miles (S. S. E.) from Alnwick : containing 133 inha- bitants. This place lies on the south side of the river Coquet, not very far distant from the North sea, and in a fine secluded situation : it belongs to the Duke of Northumberland. There is a coarse woollen manufac- tory. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £56. 14. 9v of which £55. 11. 6. are payable to the Bishop of Carlisle, and £1. 3. 3. to the vicar. ACKTON, a township, in the parish of Feather- stone, Lower division of the wapentake of Agbrigg, W. riding of York, 3^ miles (W.) from Pontefract 3 containing 76 inhabitants. This place, called also Aikton, a probable corruption of Oak Town, from the number of oak trees growing in its vicinity, comprises by compu- tation 1090 acres of land. Aikton Hall was purchased by Langdale Sunderland, Esq., of Halifax, one of the worthies who followed the fortunes of Charles I., and who raised a troop of horse for his Majesty’s service, and was at the battle of Marston Moor : Oliver Crom- well fined him £878. ACKWORTH {St. Cuthbert), a parish, in the Upper division of the wapentake of Osgoldcross, W. riding of York, miles (S. S. W.) from Pontefract; containing 1828 inhabitants. This parish, which occu- pies an elevated situation, comprises 2537«. Sr. 9>7p. of profitable land, and 36 acres of roads and waste 3 the soil is fertile ; the surface is boldly undulated, and the surrounding scenery is richly embellished with wood. Freestone of excellent quality is abundant, and there are some extensive quarries at Moor Top in the parish. Ackworth Park is the beautiful seat of John Gully, Esq., and Ackworth House, that of Major Goldsworthy. The village, which is divided into High and Low Ackworth, is situated on rising ground near the source of the river Went, and contains numerous neat and well-built houses with several pleasant villas in the immediate neigh- C A CLE A C O M bourhood. Handloom weaving is carried on to a limited extent. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £^2. 1. 0^., and in the patronage of the Crown^ in right of the Duchy of Lancaster ^ net income, £403. The tithes were commuted for land and a money pay- ment, under an act of inclosure, in 1774, and the glebe comprises 152 acres. The church, an ancient structure situated in Upper Ack worth, has at various times under- gone much alteration and repair, and contains 500 sittings, of which 100 are free. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans. The school belonging to the Society of Friends was originally and for some years an appendage to the Foundling Hospital of London, for which purpose it was originally built, at an expense of £13,000, defrayed by subscription, aided by a grant from parliament : upon its separation from that institution, the house, with 84 acres of land attached to it, was purchased in 1777 by Dr. Fothergill and two or three other gentlemen of the Society of Friends for £7000, and was afterwards appro- priated as a school for the education of the children of the less wealthy members of that community. The buildings, which are situated between Higher and Lower Ackw'orth, consist of a centre and two wings connected by corridors, and comprise arrangements for the recep- tion of 180 boys and 120 girls, who are instructed by four masters and four mistresses, respectively, in the general rudiments of an English education j and of the boys, 20 of the more advanced are taught Latin. During the intervals of study the boys are frequently employed in farming and gardening, and the girls in the various domestic duties ; and when of proper age, the former are placed out as apprentices to various trades, and the latter as servants in respectable families. The school is under the superintendence of a committee of 28 friends resident in Ackworth and its vicinity, and of a com- mittee of 21 resident in London. The buildings, to which various additions have been made, together with the land, which has been extended to 274 acres, are estimated at £30,000 3 and a fupd of £500;, vested in the three per cents, is appropriated to the apprenticing of the boys, and to the distribution of premiums to the girls, as an encouragement to remain for three years at least in one family. A school for girls was established in 1833 by Miss Howard, and one for boys in 1840 by subscription 3 and the hospital and school at High Ack- worth were built by Mrs. Mary Lowther, who in 1741 endowed them with 17 acres of land, now producing £30 per annum, and with £700 invested at 5 per cent interest. From thjs endowment a schoolmaster receives £16 per annum for teaching 20 children 3 and six alms- houses were endowed by Mrs. Mary Lowther, in 1741, for six aged women, who have an annuity of £7* 12. each. There also several benefactions for distribution among the poor of the parish. ^ ACLE (St. Edmund), a parish, in the union of Blo- FiELD, hundred of Walsham, E. division of Norfolk, 11 miles (E.) from Norwich; containing 864 inhabit- ants. This place, at the time of the Norman Conquest, became a fief of the crown, and was granted by William to Roger Bigod, who obtained for it the privilege of a market and a fair 3 and in the reign of Richard II. the inhabitants were exempted from all tolls and suits of shire and hundred, and invested with several valuable immunities. The parish comprises 3164a. 2r. 8/)., a 10 large portion of which is grazing land reclaimed from marshy ground 3 the uplands consist of a fine loamy soil, and are exceedingly fertile. The village is situated on the road from Norwich to Yarmouth, and on a gentle eminence rising from the banks of the navigable riv^r Bure, over which is a stone bridge of three arches, and of great elevation. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £20, and in the gift of Lord Cal- thorpe : the tithes have been commuted for £720, and there are about twenty acres of glebe, and a good rectory- house. The church, which is chiefly in the decorated style, consists of a nave and chancel, with a circular tower, the upper part of which is octagon : the edifice was thoroughly repaired and beautified in 1834. A school for boys and girls is chiefly supported by Lord Calthorpe, and by subscription. At Weybridge a small priory for Augustine canons was founded in the reign of Edward I., by Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk,- the revenue of which at the dissolution was £7. 13. 4. ACOMB (St. Stephen), a parish, in the Ainsty wapentake, W. riding of York 3 containing 880 inhar bitants, of whom 774 are in the township of Acomb, 2j miles (W.) from York, on the road to Leeds via We- therby. This parish, anciently Ascham, comprises by measurement 1920 acres, and is bounded on the north by the river Ouse, on which is a small wharf for coal, lime, &c. adjacent to the Darlington railway 3 the soil is of a sandy and gravelly nature, and the air remarkably salubrious 5 and several mansions and villas are occu- pied by families of the first respectability. Acomb House is an establishment for the insane in the higher grades of society, conducted by Mr. Hodgson, late sur- geon and superintendent to the York Lunatic Asylum, and who, on retiring from that institution in 1828, received the thanks of a special court of governors, con- sisting of 52 members, through the Archbishop of York. The village has a neat appearance 3 and the York and North-Midland railway passes near it at Hob Moor. Part of Knapton and also Dringhouses are in the parish, and churchwardens are elected for these places along with those for Acomb. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £3. 9. 2.5 net income, £1093 patron and incumbent, the Rev. Isaac Spencer, M.A., of The Plan- tation,” near York. The peculiar of Acomb formerly belonged to the Treasurer in the Cathedral of York, but was surrendered, with the rectory, to the Crown in 1547 3 and in 1609 it was granted by James I. to Thomas Newark and his heir. The tithes of the town- ships of Acomb and Holgate were commuted for land and a money payment, by an inclosure act in 1774. The church, rebuilt in 1831-2, by subscription, and a grant from the Church Building Society, is an elegant structure, with a graceful spire, and, standing on the highest ground in the vicinity of York, has a very pic- turesque appearance : it contains 609 sittings, of which 212 are free. There are places of worship for Wesley ans and Primitive Methodists 3 and a national school is supported by subscription. Four annuities for the poor, left by William Wharton, in 1829, and three other donors, produce £16. 17. per annum. Half a mile from the village is a hill, supposed to be the tumulus of Sep- timius Severus, the Roman emperor, who died at York, and which is now called Severus’ Hill. — See the article on Dringhouses. A C T O A C T O ACOMB, EAST, a township, in the parish of Bywell- St. Peter, union of Hexham, E. division of Tindale ward, S. division of Northumberland, 8 miles (E.) from Hexham ^ containing 37 inhabitants. It is situated about a mile north from Bywell, and consists of two farms j and^ Peepee, a pleasant hamlet, lies at a little distance to the westward. This, and many other parts of the By well estate, are covered with trees of a remark- ably fine growth, which* impart to the landscape a rich and luxuriant aspect. The township is the property of T. W. Beaumont, Esq. ACOMB, WEST, a township, in the parish of St. John-Lee, union of Hexham, S. division of Tindale ward and of Northumberland, if mile (N.) from Hexham 5 containing 571 inhabitants. This place, an- ciently Hameshaly, belonged to the prior of Hexham, and is supposed to have been the favourite retreat of St. John of Beverley : on the dissolution of the priory it came to the crown, and in 1724 was the property of the Coats worth family, and subsequently of the Jurins and Hunters. The township is bounded on the south by the river Tyne : coal is obtained within its limits 3 and the Newcastle and Carlisle railway passes through it. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £65. ACORNBURY. — See AC;conbury. ACRISE {St. Martin), a parish^ in the union of Elham, partly in the hundred of Folkestone, but chiefly in that of Loningborough, lathe of Shepway, E. division of Kent, 5 miles (N. N. W.) from Folke- stone, near the road to Canterbury 5 containing 207 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king's books at , and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £217, and there are nearly 44 acres of glebe.. ACTON, a township, in the parish of Weaverham, union of Northwich, Second division of the hundred of Eddisbury, S. division of Cheshire, 4^ miles (W. N. W.) from Northwich 5 containing 382 inhabitants. The Grand Junction railway and the Nantwich branch of the Chester canal pass through the township ; and on the former a station of the second class has been formed. A school is chiefly supported by subscription. ACTON {St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Nantwich, S. division of Cheshire, com- prising the townships of Acton, Aston-juxta-Mondrum, Austerson, Baddington, Brindley, Burland, Cholmond- stone. Cool- Pilate, Edleston, Faddiley, Henhull, Hurle- ston, Newhalb Poole, Stoke,, and Worleston ; and con- taining 4134 inhabitants, of whom 328 are in the town- ship of Acton, 1 J mile (N. W. by W.) from Nantwich. This place was the scene of some hostilities during the parliamentary war 5 and in October 1643, the church and Dorford Hall were occupied by the royalists, ^011 whose retreat both were garrisoned by the parliament. They were afterwards captured by the king’s troops under Lord Byron, but, on the raising of the siege of Nantwich, Sir Thomas Fairfax compelled the garrisons to surrender, and among the prisoners were sixty ofiicers, including Col. Monk,, afterwards Duke of Albemarle. The Chester and Crewe railway passes close by Acton Hall, and crosses the Middlewich and Wardle canal at the Cholmondstone lock in this parish. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £19. 9. 7- j net income, £324 5 patron and impropriator Admiral Tolle- 11 mache. The church exhibits some curiously ornamented windows, and the tower is partly in the early style of English architecture. There is an endowed school j and a school in connexion with the National Society has also been established. Sir Roger Wilbraham founded and endowed two almshouses here in I6l3. ACTON {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Brent- ford, Kensington division of the hundred of Ossulstone, county of Middlesex, 5 miles (W.) from London j containing, with the hamlets of East Acton and Steyne, 2665 inhabitants. The name is supposed to be derived from the Saxon word Ac, signifying oak, and tun, a town 5 the neighbourhood having, in former times, abounded with timber of that description, and some land in the parish, from time immemorial, having been called Old Oak common. Previously to the battle of Brentford^ in 1642, the Earls of Essex and Warwick had their head-quarters here 5 and, on Cromwell’s re- turn to London, after the battle of Worcester, the lord president and council of state, the members of the house of commons, and the lord mayor, aldermen, and citizens of London, met him at this place, when the recorder of London delivered a congratulatory address, after which they attended him to the metropolis, form- ing altogether a train of more than three hundred car- riages. The village consists chiefly of one long street, and is plentifully supplied with water; and the Pad- dington canal and the Great Western railway run through the parish. A pleasure fair is held on Holy Thursday. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14; net income, £968; patron. Bishop of London. The church, which exhibits portions in the later style of English architecture, with modern inser- tions, was enlarged and repaired, at the expense of the inhabitants, in 1825. There is a place of worship for Independents, and the detached buildings of a private mansion have been fitted up as a Roman Catholic chapel. A Laneasterian school has been erected near the church ; and there is also a school in union with the National Society. At East Acton are handsome almshouses, built and endowed by the Goldsmiths’ Company, for twelve men and twelve women. In a garden, on Old Oak common, is a mineral spring, for- merly held in general repute, but now disused. ACTON, with Old Felton, a township, in the parish of Felton, union of Alnwick, E. division of CociUETDALE Ward, N. division of Northumberland, 7| miles (S.) from Alnwick; containing 111 inhabit- ants. This place extends between one and two miles north of the village of Felton. Acton House, the seat of J. H. Hinde, Esq., M.P., is a handsome mansion j and North Acton Hall is also a fine structure, beautifully situated : the adjoining lands are fertile and picturesque. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £40. 6. ^ ACTON {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Sudbury, hundred of B'abergh, W. division of Suf- folk, 3 miles (N. E. by N.) from Sudbury; comprising 2811a. 21/). ; and. containing 555 inhabitants. There are several small hamlets in the parish, that which is called the village ” being the principal. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9. 6. 8.; patron and impropriator, Earl Howe. The great tithes have been commuted for a. rent- charge of £375, and the vicarial for the same amount. The church is very C-2 A C T O AD B E neat^ and contains some ancient and very handsome brasses. ACTON, AN GAR, a tything, in the parish of Iron- Acton, Lower division of the hundred of Grumbald’s- Ash, W. division of the county of Gloucester. ACTON-BEAUCHAMP {St. Giles), a parish, in the union of Bromyard, Upper division of the hun- dred of Doddingtree, Worcester and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, 4 miles (S. E.) from Brom- yard 3 containing 217 inhabitants. There are by mea- surement 1524 acres, of which 717 are arable, 570 pasture, 150 woodland, and 82 hop ground, &c. 3 the surface is very hilly, and the soil strong clay, occa- sionally degenerating into sterile sand. The parish is surrounded on all sides except the east by the county of Hereford. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4, and in the patronage of Mrs. Cowpland : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £270, and the glebe consists of 42 acres. There are some mineral springs in the parish. ACTON-BURNELL (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Atcham, hundred of Condover, S. division of Salop, 7 miles (S.) from Shrewsbury 3 containing, with Ruckley and Langley, 394 inhabitants. This place, which is of considerable antiquity, is on a branch of the Roman Watiing-street, which passes through it 3 it takes the adjunct to its name from the family of Burnell, of whom Robert, Bishop of Bath and Wells, and Lord High Chancellor in the reign of Edward I., had a castle here, of which there are still some remains. In 1283, a great council or parliament was held here, at which was enacted the law of statute merchant : ” the king and his court were accommodated in the castle, the lords assembled in a great hall erected for them in the park, and the commons met in a very large barn belonging to Shrewsbury Abbey, of whieh the gable ends have been preserved to the present time. Besides the Watiing-street, a causeway passes through the parish 3 and there is a Roman bridge, and an early specimen of Saxon antiquity called the Moat. The parish com- prises by computation 2400 acres. The living is a rectory, wnth the chapelry of Langley, valued in the king’s books at £6. 10., and in the gift of Sir E. J. Smythe, Bart., with a net income of £350 3 the glebe consists of about 70 acres, with a good house. The church, which is cruciform, was built in 1264, and is a splendid specimen of ecclesiastical architecture 3 its in- ternal decorations are of a highly ornamental character. There are a Roman Catholic chapel, a national school, and a school for the children of Roman Catholics. Nicholas Burnell, a distinguished warrior in the reign of Edward HI., was born and buried here 3 and Langley Hall was the birth-place of Sir Humphrey Lee, the first baronet created in the county, in 162Q. ACTON- GRANGE, a township, in the parish and union of Runcorn, hundred of Bucklow, N. division of the county of Chester, 2f miles (S. W. by S.) from Warrington 3 containing 175 inhabitants. The Grand Junction railway crosses the township, which is on the borders of Lancashire. ACTON, IRON.— See Iron-Acton. ACTON-PIGOT, a hamlet, in the parish of Acton- Burnell, union of Church- Stretton, hundred of Condover, S. division of Salop, Gf miles (W. N. W.) from Much-Wenlock 3 comprising 391 acres, and con- 12 taining 40 persons. There was formerly a chapel, the remains of which still exist. ACTON- RE YNALD, a township, in the parish of Shawbury, union of Wem, liberty of the borough of Shrewsbury, N. division of Salop, 7| miles (N. N. E.) from Shrewsbury 5 containing 159 inhabitants. ACTON-ROUND, a parish, in the union of Bridge- north, hundred of Stottesden, S. division of Salop, 3| miles (S. S. E.) from Much-Wenlock, 6 miles (W. N. W.) from Bridgenorth 3 containing 180 inhabit- ants. This parish, which is intersected by the road from Much-Wenlock to Bridgenorth, comprises by com- putation 2126a. 2 r. 26/). The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £74 3 patron and impropriator. Sir John Acton, Bart. Certain tithes were commuted for land under an inclosure act in 1773 : there are about 25 acres of glebe, of which 14 are near Broms- grove in Worcestershire, and 11 in the parish of Stot- tesden. The church is a neat edifice, of which the walls are ornamented with monuments to the memory of the Actons, by one of whom. Sir Richard,, the chancel was built in 1761. ACTON-SCOTT (St. Margaret), a parish, in the union of Church-Stretton, hundred of Munslow, S. division of Salop, 3 miles (S.byE.) from Church- Stretton 3 containing 204 inhabitants. This parish, situated on the new road from Wenlock to Bishop’s Castle, abounds with bold, and, in some parts, romantic scenery, and contains by measurement 1600 acres, all cultivated, excepting about 200 under plantation and coppice : the surface is hilly 3 the soil comprises several varieties, and stone is quarried for building and the repair of roads. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 10., and in the gift of E. W. W. Pendarves, Esq. : the tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £230, and there are 6l acres of glebe. A school is supported. ACTON-TRUSSELL (St. James), a parochial cha- pelry, in the union of Pen k ridge, E. division of the hundred of Cuttlestone, S; division of the county of Stafford, 3^ miles (N. N. E.) from Penkridge 3 con- taining, with Bednall, 574 inhabitants. The Stafford- shire and Worcestershire canal passes through the chapelry, which comprises 2551 acres. The living is a perpetual curacy, with that of Bednall united 3 net in- come, £234 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. G. F. Moli- neaux 3 appropriator, Prebendary of Whittington and Baswick in the Cathedral of Lichfield. There are churches at Acton and Bednall, both ancient edifices, the former in the early English style, and the latter of varied architecture. ACTON-TURVILLE (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Chipping-Sodbury, Lower division of the hundred of Grumbald’s-Ash, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 5|: miles (E.) from Chipping-Sodbury 3 Containing 31 1 inhabitants. This place, which lies on the border of Wiltshire, is exceedingly well situated with respect to means of communication, roads branch- ing off from the village to the towns of Malmsbury, Chippenham, Bath, and Chipping-Sodbury, respec- tively. The living is a vicarage not in charge, united to the rectory of Tormarton in 1344. ADBASTON. — See Abdaston. ADBEER, a hamlet, in the parish of Trent, union of Sherborne, hundred of Horethorne, E. division ADDE A D D I of Somerset, 4f miles (N. E. by N.) from Yeovil. A chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary was demolished during the civil war. ADBOLTON, formerly a parish, now a hamlet in the parish of Holme-pierrepoint, union of Bing- ham, S. division of the wapentake of Bingham and of the county of Nottingham, 3 miles (E. S. E.) from Nottingham ; containing 25 inhabitants. The living, a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £2. 13. 9., was, in 1707^ consolidated with the rectory of Holme-Pierrepoint : the church is in ruins. ADDERBURY, EAST (^t. Mary), a parish, in the union of Banbury, hundred of Bloxham, county of Oxford, 3 miles (N. by E.) from Deddington 3 con- taining, with the township of West Adderbury, and the hamlets of Barford St. John, Bodicott, and Milton, 2525 inhabitants. This place, in Domesday book called Edburgberic, probably derived that name from St. Edburgh, to whom many religious establishments in this part of the country were dedicated : in the court rolls of New College, to which the lordship belongs, it is written “ Ebberbury 5 ” and Henry de Knyghton relates that, by a council of bishops held at Oxford, a blasphemous impostor, condemned for assuming the name and pretending to the wounds of Christ, was crucified at Abberbury,” now Adderbury. The parish comprises about 5900 acres, of which 1120 are in West Adderbury, 1240 in Bodicott, 800 in Milton, and 700 in Barford St. John. In the eastern part of the village stood a magnificent ancient mansion, belonging to the Duke of Argyle, afterwards the residence of the EarTof Rochester, and of which the remains are now incor- porated with a modern seat. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £21. 4. 9^. ; net income, £818 3 ' patrons and appropriators. Warden and Fellows of New College, Oxford. The church, situated on ele- vated ground, is a handsome cruciform structure, in the early and decorated English styles, with a massive square tower strengthened by angular buttresses, and crowned with a pierced parapet, from within which rises an octagonal spire, having at the base four octagonal pyra- mids surmounted with vanes : between the north tran- sept and the east end of the chancel is an octagonal turret, crowned with battlements. The chancel, which is of beautiful proportions, and built by William of Wykeham, is lighted by windows of elegant design, though much defaced by the insertion of mullions : part of the ancient rood-loft, of exquisite workmanship, is remaining 3 also some fine tracery at the east end 3 and the whole of the interior is replete with rich details, interspersed with grotesque ornaments. In each of the hamlets of Bodicott and Barford St. John is a church, both ancient structures, supposed to have been erected in the fourteenth century 3 and the old parsonage, now a farm-house, retains much of its original character. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans 3 and some endowments have been left for the instruction of children. ADDERBURY, WEST, a township, in the parish of East Adderbury, union of Banbury, hundred 6 f Bloxham, county of Oxford, 2 miles (N.) from Ded- dington 3 comprising about 1120 acres, and containing 442 inhabitants. ADDERLEY, county of Salop. — See Atherley. ADDERSTONE, a township, in the parish of Bam- brough, union of Belford, N. division of Bambrough 13 ward and of Northumberland, 3 miles (S. E. by S.) from Belford 3 containing 302 inhabitants. The manor was possessed by the ancient family of Forster, from whom it came, in 17d3, to John William Bacon, Esq., by whom the present handsome mansion, which stands near the site of the old hall, on the west bank of the Warn, was erected, and whose successor sold the estate to J. Pratt, Esq. Twizell House is also situated in the township. ADDINGHAM (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Penrith, Death ward, E. division of Cumberland, l| mile (S. E.) from Kirk -Oswald ; containing, with the townships of Gamblesby, Glassonby, Hunsonby, and Winskel, and Little Salkeld, 735 inhabitants. The river Eden forms the western boundary of the parish, through which the Roman road called Maiden-way may be traced in many parts of its course : there are some quarries of red freestone. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9- 4. 7 . 3 net income, £253 3 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Carlisle. The church is situated in the township of Glassonby : at Gamblesby are places of worship for Independents and Wesleyans 3 also one for the latter at Hunsonby 3 and there are well-endowed free schools at Hunsonby and Maughamby. At Little Salkeld is a remarkable mo- nument, supposed to be Druidical, commonly called Long Meg and her Daughters,” consisting of 67 stones, varying in shape and height, which form a circle about 350 feet in diameter 5 and in the same township was anciently a chapel, the site of which, according to tra- dition, was at a village called Addingham, on the eastern bank of the Eden, where human bones, crosses, and other remains, have been dug up. Dr. Paley, the cele- brated theological writer, formerly held the living. ADDINGHAM (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Skipton, partly in the E. division of the wapentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, and partly in the Upper division of the wapentake of Claro, W. riding of York, 6 miles (E. by S.) from Skipton 3 containing 1753 inha- bitants, of whom 1527 are in the township of Adding- ham. It is situated on the western side of the river Wharfe, and within the liberty of Clifford’s Fee, and comprises about 4000 acres, of which 900 are open common : the soil is fertile, and the surface varied and pleasing 3 and freestone of good qualit)^ is abundant, and extensively quarried. Farfield Hall, the seat of E. C. Lister Kaye, Esq., is a handsome mansion in the Italian style, originally built by the Earl of Burlington, and is finely situated, commanding beautiful views of the river and of the picturesque valley through which it flows. High House, the residence of John Ellis, Esq., is also in the parish. The village, which consists of irre- gularly detached houses, extends for nearly a mile in length : a portion of the inhabitants are employed in the cotton and worsted mills, and in handloom weaving. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 9 . 7 . 85 . 3 income, about £400, with a glebe- house beautifully situated 3 patron. Rev. William Thomp- son. The church, which was rebuilt in 17^7^ is a neat structure with a square tower, and is seated on an emi- nence overlooking the river 3 it contains 450 sittings. There are places of worship for the Society of Friends, Primitive Methodists, and Wesleyans. On an eminence called Counter Hill, about a mile from the village, are the remains of a Roman encampment, and some traces A D D I A D D L of a Roman road. A massive and antique ring of gold was found in the churchyard some years since. ADDINGTON (St. Mary)^ a parish, in the union, hundred, and county of Buckingham, if mile (W. N. W.) from Winslow^ ; containing 84 inhabitants. It com- prises about 1500 acres ; the surface is in general level, and the soil good pasture. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 9- 7. 3 net income, £200 5 patron, John Poulett, Esq. : the glebe consists of 100 acres. On the border of the parish is a place called Gallows Gap,” where, in the reign of Edward III., a gallows was erected by one of the family of Molines, who, as lords of the barony, possessed the power of trying and executing capital offenders. ADDINGTON {St. Margaret), a parish, in the union of Mauling, hundred of Larkfield, lathe of Aylesford, W. division of Kent, 8 miles (N. W. by W.) from Maidstone ; containing 208 inhabitants. The par rish comprises about 830 acres, of which 100 are wood- land 5 and contains one of those land springs very com- mon in the eastern part of Kent, called the Ailbourn, which breaks out with great impetuosity once in seven or eight years, directing its course into a trench dug for its reception, till it arrives at the Leybourn rivulet, the trout in which, at other times white, it turns to a red colour. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 6. 8.5 net income, £160; patron, Hon. J. W. Stratford : the glebe consists of 26 acres. The church is pleasantly situated in the midst of foliage on rising ground within a valley, near which are remains, supposed to be Druidical. ADDINGTON {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Croydon, First division of the hundred of Walling- ton, E. division of Surrey, miles (E. S. E.) from Croydon ; containing 580 inhabitants. The manor is held by the singular tenure of making and presenting to the king, at his coronation, a mess of pottage called mewpergynon, subject to the performance of which a carucate of land here was granted to Tezelin, cook to William the Conqueror. The parish comprises by ad- measurement 3635 acres, 500 of which are underwood or uncultivated. The village is situated at the foot of a range of hills to which it gives its name ; and adjacent to these hills is Addington Place, which, in 1807, was purchased by Dr. Sutton, Archbishop of Canterbury, with the funds arising from the sale of the archiepisco- pal palace at Croydon. The mansion was originally erected by Alderman Trecothick, on the site of an ancient edifice said to have been a hunting seat of Henry VIII. ; it was improved by Dr. Sutton, and has lately been rebuilt with the addition of wings, and the grounds much extended by Dr. Howley. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £4. 16. 5^. ; patron. Archbishop of Canterbury ; im- propriators, the landowners. The ^reat and small tithes have been commuted for rent-charges, the former for £559. 18. 6., and the latter for £208. 4., and there are two acres of glebe. The church, a small structure, consisting of a nave, chancel, and south aisle, with a low, square, embattled tower, appears to have been partly rebuilt in the reign of Edward III. : in the chan- cel lie the remains of the lat^ Archbishop Sutton. Near the church is an eminence called Castle hill, on which it is said that a castle anciently stood ; and on the brow of the hill adjoining Addington common, and now in the 14 park, are several low tumuli, in which urns have been found. ADDINGTON, GREAT {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Thrapston, hundred of Huxloe, N. divi- sion of the county of Northampton, 4^ miles (S. W.) from Thrapston ; containing 266 inhabitants. This parish, situated on the left bank of the navigable river Nene, which bounds it on the east, comprises 1233cz. 3r. 3 Ip. ; the surface is pleasantly diversified with hill and dale, and the soil runs through many varieties. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 12. 8^. ; net income, £315 ; patron and incum- bent, Rev. James Tyley. The tithes were commuted for 327 acres of land and a money payment, under an in- closure act, in 1803. ADDINGTON, LITTLE {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Thrapston, hundred of Huxloe, N. division of the county of Northampton, 3:^ miles (N.) from Higham Ferrers ; containing 299 inhabitants. On the east the parish is bounded by the river Nene, and it consists of 1104ot. 3r. 29p. of a moderately productive soil. The living is a discharged vicarage, endowed with the great tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £7. 12.; net income, £245; patron, T. Saunderson, Esq. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, under an inclosure act, in 1830. ADDLE, or Adel {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the Upper division of the wapentake of Skyrack, W. riding of York; containing 1121 inhabitants, of whom 785 are in the township of Addle-cum-Eccup, 5| miles (N. N. W.) from Leeds. This place, anciently called Adhill, from the Ada of the Saxons, and in some documents Adel, was the site of the Roman station Bur- godunum, of which some traces, with many inscribed stones, fragments of urns, and the remains of an aque- duct, were discovered, in 1702, on an adjacent moor, near which are vestiges of a camp about 120 yards in length and 90 yards in breadth, in which several Roman altars, numerous coins, and various other relics, have been found. The parish, which is bounded on the north by the river Wharfe, comprises by compu- tation 8000 acres ; and the surface is varied, and the scenery generally of pleasing character. The hamlet of Eccup, which is near the site of the Roman camp, abounds with springs of excellent water, from which the Leeds new water-works are supplied. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £16. 3. 4. ; net income, £623 ; patron, W. T. Carruthers, Esq. : the glebe comprises T64 acres, with a good house. The church is a handsome and venerable struc- ture of Norman design, and one of the most perfect specimens of that style in the kingdom ; the south door- way is highly enriched, and many of its details are of great elegance. A school, in which are about 70 chil- dren, is partly supported by annual donations from Mr. Carruthers, John Wormald, Esq., of Cookridge Hall, and the Rev. George Lewthwaite, the rector, who also supports a Sunday school.. Thos. Kirk, Esq., in 1701, bequeathed £800 to the poor, which sum has been laid out in the purchase of two houses and 82 acres of land, producing an income of £75 per annum, which, with a trifling deduction, is distributed in bread every Sunday, pursuant to the will of the donor. ADDLESTONE, an ecclesiastical district, in the parish and union of Chertsey, Second division of the ADLE hundred of Godley, W. division of Surrey 5 contain- ing about 2000 inhabitants. A church in the early English style, affording accommodation for 800 persons, has been lately erected, at an expense of about £4000, raised by subscription 5 it has been endowed with £2000 by Miss Wightwick, whose family has long re- sided in the parish ; and the patronage is vested in the Bishop of Winchester. The consecration took place in Jan. 1838 3 and the benefice was augmented in 1841 by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, with £48 per annum. ADDLETHORPE (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Spilsby, Marsh division of the wapentake of Candleshoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 9| miles (E. S. E.) from Alford ; containing 238 inha- bitants. It contains about 2000 acres of land, situated on the coast, and is subject to encroachments of the sea, against which it is necessary to maintain an em- bankment at a considerable expense. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 10. 2|. 5 net income, £7^3 patron, the Crown : the glebe consists of about 7 acres. The church is a fine specimen of the perpendicular style, and consists of a nave, north and south aisles, and a tower. There is -a place of worship for Methodists ; and a national school has been established. Mr. Mottram in I7 10 bequeathed money for two almshouses for widows, with half an acre of land to each, and a yearly allowance of coals. ADFORTON, with Stanw ay, Payton, and Grange, a township, in the parish of Leintwardine, union of Knighton, hundred of Wigmore, county of Here- ford, 8| miles (W. S. W.) from Ludlow 3 containing 288 inhabitants, and comprising 1565 acres. The sur- face is boldly undulated, and the southern portion well wooded. On an eminence at the northern extremity are the remains of a Roman encampment called Brandon camp 5 and the road from Leintwardine to Wigmore passes through the village of Adforton. A school is endowed with £4 per annum. ADGARLEY, a township, in the parish of Urswick, union of Ulverstone, hundred of Lonsdale, north of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 2 miles (S. E. by E.) from Dalton 5 containing 45 inha- bitants. ADISHAM (Holy Innocents), a parish, in the union of Bridge, hundred of Downhamford, lathe of St. Augustine, E. division of Kent, 2f miles (S. W. by S.) from Wingham 3 containing 372 inhabitants. It lies a little to the east of the high road from Canterbury to Dover. The living is a rectory, with the perpetual curacy of Staple annexed, valued in the king’s books at £28. 3. 1|., and in the gift of the Archbishop of Can- terbury : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £747, and there are about 13 acres of glebe, with a house. The church is a large cruciform edifice, with a low tower, in the early style of English architec- ture, except the large window of the transept, which is in the decorated style : the altar-piece is embellished with curious paintings on wood of the Four Evangelists. There is a school, partly supported by subscription. ADLE STROP (St. Mary Magdalene), a parish, in the union of Stow-on-the-Wold, Upper division of the hundred of Slaughter, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 3f miles (E. by N.) from Stow 3 con- taining 200 inhabitants. It is bounded on the south- east by the road from Stow to Chipping-Norton, and on 15 A D M A the south-west by the river Evenlode, and is situated on the borders of Oxfordshire, not far distant from the southern extremity of the county of Warwick. The living is a rectory not in charge, annexed to that of Broadwell : the tithes were partially commuted for land, under an inclosure act, in 1775. The church, with the exception of the tower, was rebuilt in 1764. A school for boys is supported at the expense of the rector, and one for girls has a small endowment. ADLINGFLEET (Jll Saints), a parish, in the union of Goole, Lower division of the wapentake of Osgoldcross, W. riding of York ; comprising the townships of Eastoft, Fockerby, and Haldenby 3 and containing 448 inhabitants, of whom 199 are in the township of Adlingfieet, 9^ miles (S. E.) from Howden. This parish is situated on the borders of Lincolnshire, between the rivers Ouse and Trent, and contains 4580 acres, forming a continuation of the great level of Hat- field Chase ; the soil is chiefly clay, and, though the surface is flat, the scenery is pleasing. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9. 12. 11., and has a net income of £280 ; it is in the patronage of the Crown, and the impropriation belongs to Catharine Hall, Cambridge. The tithes for the townships of Ad- lingfleet, Fockerby, and Haideitby, were commuted for landr and a money payment, under an inclosure act, in 1767. The church, which is a small edifice, was re- paired in 1828 at an expense of £500. There are two places of worship for Methodists. In 1743 Mary Rams- den bequeathed the sum of £200 for apprenticing boys and educating girls in Fockerby, Norton, Linton, and Adlingfieet : a parochial school is carried on 3 and at Fockerby is a free grammar school. ADLINGTON, a township, in the parish of Prest- BURY, union and hundred of Macclesfield, N. divi- sion of the county of Chester, 5 miles (N. by W.) from Macclesfield 3 containing 1159 inhabitants. Adling- ton Hall, a very ancient and curious structure, with a garden of cut yew hedges, which has long been the residence of the family of Legh, was garrisoned for Charles I. in the civil war, and taken by the parliamen- tarian forces, on the 14th of Feb. 1645, alter a fort- night’s siege : in the south-east angle is a small domestic chapel, handsomely fitted up, licensed by the Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry in the 25th of Henry YI. There are some valuable mines of coal, and quarries of flag- stone. A manorial court is held in May and December, at which debts under 40^. are recoverable. ADLINGTON, a township, in the parish of Stan- DiSH, union of Chorley, hundred of Leyland, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 4 miles (N.) from Wigan 3 containing 1130 inhabitants. A district church was erected in 1838, by Her Majesty’s Commissioners, containing 629 sittings, of which 331 are free : the liv- Jng is a perpetual curacy, of which the incumbent has a grant of £7 1 per annum, from the Ecclesiastical Com- missioners. The tithes have been commuted tor a rent- charge of £120. 14. 9. ADMARSH, a ehapelry, in the parish of Lancaster, uniouv of Garstang, hundred of Lonsdale, south of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 4 miles (E. by N.) from Garstang, on the river Brock. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £44 3 patron, Yicar of Lancaster. There are about 22 acres of glebe, and a small glebe-house. The church, a AD W E A F F-P neat edifice, was rebuilt in 1835. There is a small grammar school j and a national school for 50 children has been erected. ADMASTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Blith- FiELD, union of Uttoxeter, hundred of South Pire- HiLL, N. division of Staffordshire 3 containing 59 inhabitants. ADMINGTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Quinton, union of Shipston, Upper division of the hundred of Kiftsgate, E. division of the county of Gloucester, miles (N. E. by N.) from Chipping- Campden ; con- taining 197 inhabitants. ADMISTON, or Athelhampton, a parish, in the union of Dorchester, hundred of Piddletown, Dor- chester division of Dorset, 6 miles (E. N. E.) from Dorchester 3 containing 74 inhabitants. This place is said to have been the principal residence of the Saxon kings of Wessex, but there is no satisfactory evidence of the truth of that opinion. The living is a rectory, with that of Burleston annexed, valued in the king’s books at £2 3 net income, £200 3 patron, Hon. W. T. L. P. Wellesley. The church is a small edifice, repaired by Sir Robert Long in 1740, before which it contained an apartment, supposed to have been anciently inhabited by a rector or custos. ADSTOCK {St. Cecilia) y a parish, in the union, hundred, and county of Buckingham, 3 miles (N. W.) from Winslow, on the road to the town of Bucking- ham 3 containing 419 inhabitants. This parish consists of 11^8 acres of cultivated arable and pasture land, inclosed under an act of parliament passed in 1797 > when an allotment was awarded to the incumbent in lieu of tithes. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 16. 3. 3 patron, the Bishop of Lin- coln 3 net income £235, arising from 300 acres of land. In the time of the plague, in 1665, the contagion having extended to Buckingham and Winslow, a market was held at this place. ADSTONE, a chapelry, in the parish of Canons- Ashby, union of Towcester, hundred of Greens- Norton, S. division of the county of Northampton, 6 |- miles (W. N. W.) from Towcester 3 containing 196 inhabitants. This chapelry comprises 1355 acres of land by computation, partially undulated, and watered by a stream which falls into the river Tow : stone is quarried for building. The living is a donative 3 patrons, the Corporation of the Sons of the Clergy. The chapel, dedicated to All Saints, is remarkable for the simplicity and dignity of its architecture, and is supposed to have been formerly dependent on Canons- Ashby, at which place the inhabitants still continue to bury. ADVENT, or St. Adven, a parish, in the union of Camelford, hundred of Lesnewth, E. division of Cornwall, if mile (S.) from Camelford 3 containing 291 inhabitants. It comprises 3844 acres, of which the surface is hilly, and nearly half uncultivated 3 the soil is slaty, and interspersed with large granite stones : the river Camel flows on the northern boundary. There are some moorlands in the parish, on which peat and turf are procured for fuel. The living is a rectory, not in charge, annexed to that of Lanteglos cum Camelford. ADWALTON. — See Drighlington. AD WELL {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Thame, hundred of Lewknor, county of Oxford, if mile (S. by E.) from Tetsworth 3 containing 46 inhabit- 16 ants. It comprises about 500 acres of land, bounded on the north-east by the road between Oxford and High Wycombe. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 13. 9>, and in the patronage of Mrs. F. Webb : the rectorial tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £111, and £9 are payable lo the Dean and Canons of Windsor 3 there are about 15 acres of glebe. Here is an ancient intrenchment, called Adwell Cop, supposed by Dr. Plot to 'have been con- structed by the Danes, about the year 1010. ADWICK-LE-STREET {St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union of Doncaster, N. division of the wapen- take of Strafforth, and Tickhill, W^. riding of York 3 containing 554 inhabitants, of whom 120 are in the township of Hampole, and 434 in that of Adw ick-le- Street, 4 miles (N. W. by N.) from Doncaster. This place, said to derive the adjunct to its name from its situation on a Roman road, is intersected by the great northern road, and contains 1543a. 3r. 22p., of which 595 acres are grass, 9^^^4 arable, and 24 wood and plan- tation. The village is pleasantly situated on a declivity, and watered by a stream that flows eastward to the Don. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 13. 4. 3 net income, £364 5 patron, John Fullerton, Esq. : the glebe consists of 8 acres. The church is a neat structure, with a nave, chancel, north aisle, and tower, and has several ancient altar tombs, richly carved, erected in memory of the Fitzwilliam, Washington, and other families. A school was built in 1835, at an expense of nearly £200, partly by subscrip- tion, and partly by a grant from the Education Com- mittee 3 ten guineas per annum, bequeathed, in 1811, by the Rev, W^illiam Hedges, a late incumbent, for the edu- cation of children, are now paid to the master. A spring of pure water, in the parish, is in some repute for heal- ing weak eyes. ADWICK-UPON-DEARNE, a parish, in the union of Doncaster, N. division of the wapentake of Straf- forth and Tickhill, W. riding of York, 7 miles (W. by S.) from Doncaster 3 containing 108 inhabitants. The parish comprises 1105a. Ir. 22 p., of which 704 acres are arable, 385 meadow and pasture, 8 homesteads and orchards, and 6 canal 3 the surface is varied, and the surrounding scenery richly diversified 3 and the river Dearne, and the Dearne and Dove canal pass through the place. The village is beautifully situated on the southern acclivity of the picturesque vale of Dearne, and near it runs the North-Midland railway. The liv- ing is a perpetual curacy, annexed to the vicarage of W ath-upon-Dearne. There was a church here at an early period, which in the former part of the reign of Henry I. was given to the monastery of St. Oswald of Nostell, then newly founded : this edifice, which is the present parochial church, still retains its primitive sim- plicity, and is the purest specimen remaining in the deanery of Doncaster of the original village churches 3 it has a nave and chancel, with a little shed in which two bells are hung. A powerful chalybeate spring was discovered on the glebe land in 1820, and is in consider- able repute. AFF-PIDDLE, or Puddle, a parish, in the union of Wareham and Purbeck, hundred of Hundred’s Barrow, Wareham division of Dorset, 9 miles (E. by N.) from D6rchester3 containing, with Bryant’s Puddle tything, and the hamlet of Pallington, 507 inhabitants. A G N E A I G H The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 14. 9. ; patron and impropriator, J. Framp- ton. Esq. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £354, and the vicarial for one of £46. 10. 5 the glebe consists of 1^ acre. The pulpit in the church bears date 1540, and is beautifully ornamented with carvings. Johanna, relict of the Rev. S. L. Milbourne, late vicar, bequeathed £150 three per cents., of which the proceeds are applied in aid of a Sunday school ; a day school for boys and girls is partly supported by the vicar 3 and poor boys of the parish are entitled to par- ticipate in the benefits of a charity at Moreton, for apprenticing children. AGDEN, a township, in the parish of Malpas, union of Wrexham, Higher division of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, 2|- miles (S. E.) from Malpas : containing 97 inhabit- ants. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £63. AGDEN, a township, partly in the parish of Ros- THERN, but chiefly in that of Bqwdon, union of Al- trincham, hundred of Bucklow, N. division of the county of Chester, 5^ miles (N. N. W.) from Nether Knutsford 3 containing 95 inhabitants. The Duke of Bridgewater’s canal passes through the township. The tithes of that part in the parish of Bowdon have been commuted for rent-charges amounting to £32. 13., of which £16. 13. are payable to the Bishop of Chester, and £16 to the vicar of Bowdon. AGELTHORPE, or Agglethorpe, a township, in the parish of Coverham, union of Leyburn, wapen- take of Hang- West, N. riding of York, 3;| miles (W. S. W.) from Middleham 3 containing 195 inhabit- ants. It comprises by computation 1090 acres, and includes within its limits the places called Ashgill, Tup- gill, Brackengill, Giles Alley, Scotescue park. Bird Rid- ding, and Coverham. The Cover river, which has its source near the great Whernside mountain, here passes on the south, and flows north-eastward to the Ure. The monks of Coverham had land here, valued at £1. 6. 8. per annum 3 and the village, which is situated on the northern acclivity of the romantic Coverdale, is remarkable for its ancient hall, now a farm-house, which once belonged to the Topham family, afterwards to the Chaytors, and is at present the property of Mr. Ewbank. AGLIONBY, a township, in the parish of Warwick, union of Carlisle, Cumberland ward, E. division of Cumberland, 3f miles (E.) from Carlisle 3 containing 137 inhabitants. AGNES (ST.), a market-town and parish, in the union of Truro, W. division of the hundred of Pyder, and of Cornwall, 8j miles (N. W. by W.) from Truro, and 263 (W.) from London 3 containing 7757 inhabitants. This place, formerly called Breanic, or Bryanic, is situ- ated in an extensive mining district, on the northern coast, and is hilly and barren, consisting principally of cottages inhabited by miners. The rocks on this part of the coast are precipitous, and the character of the scenery for the greater part boldly picturesque. On a pyramidical rocky eminence, 664 feet above the level of the sea, is St. Agnes’ beacon, formed out of an ancient cairn, or tumulus, which, during the late war with France, was kept constantly in readiness to communi- cate intelligence in the event of anv invasion : it has VoL. I.— 17 since that time been greatly diminished by the removal of the stone for repairing the fences in the neighbour- hood. At the base of the hill are vestiges of a strong vallum, supposed to have been constructed by the Romans, which anciently extended for nearly two miles in a circular direction. The surrounding district was formerly worked only for tin, of which the principal mine, called Seale Hole,” after having produced an immense quantity of ore, was discontinued a few years since. Copper- mines were subsequently opened, and have been worked with very great success. The port, which is a member of that of St. Ives, carries on a trade principally with Ireland and Wales, in the exportation of copper-ore and fire-clay, and the importation of coal, iron, machinery, limestone, and grain. After many fruitless attempts, a pier of moorstone, which is here called Trevannance,” was constructed by a company in 1794, and the harbour has been improved within the last few years : it affords safe anchorage to about eight or ten vessels of one hundred tons’ burthen, but can only be entered at high water. A pilchard fishery was established in 1 802, which affords employment to about forty men. The market is on Thursday, and a fair takes place on the 30th of April. Courts for the duchy are held here annually in October, at which constables and other officers are appointed. The living is a vicar- age not in charge, united to that of Perranzabuloe : the vicarial tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £265, and the appropriate, belonging to the Dean and Chapter of Exeter, for one of £250. The church is an ancient structure, built chiefly of granite, with a small spire of the same material. There are places of wor- ship for Bryanites, Independents, and Wesleyans. The free school, founded by the Rev. St. John Elliott, in 1760, has a small endowment, arising from funds be- queathed by him for charitable uses 3 and another school is endowed with £5 per annum. Near the site of an ancient chapel, in a dingle called Chapelcomb, was the famous well of St. Agnes, of which many miraculous stories are recorded. Qpie, the celebrated painter, was born here, in I76I. AIGBURTH, a chapelry, in the parish of Child - WALL, partly in the union of Prescott, and partly in that of West Derby, hundred of West Derby, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 3 miles (S. E.) from Liverpool 3 containing 1031 inhabitants. This chapelry, beautifully situated on the Mersey river, contains many handsome villas, and from the salubrity of the air has become the residence of some of the chief merchants of Liverpool. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the pa- tronage of certain Trustees : the chapel, dedicated to St. Anne, was erected in 1837, and is a good edifice in the Norman style. A school for boys and girls in connex- ion with the Established Church is supported by sub- scription. There is a curious mausoleum erected by the well-known Dr. Solomon, who had a residence in the chapelry. AIGHTON, with Bailey and Chaigley, a town- ship, in the parish of Mitton, union of Clitheroe, Lower division of the hundred of Blackburn, N. divi- sion of the county of Lancaster, 5 miles (W. by S.) from Clitheroe 3 containing 1795 inhabitants. Here are almshouses, towards the support of which J. Weld, Esq. contributes £92 per annum 3 also a free school, endowed with £10 per annum. D AINS- AI RT ATKE, a township, partly in the parish of St. John, borough of Bevhrley, but chiefly in that of Locking- ton, union of Beverley, Bainton-Beacon division of the wapentake of Harthill, E. riding of York, 7 miles (N. by E.) from Beverley ; containing 98 inhabitants. This place comprises about 630 acres, of which upwards of 200 are in the parish of St. John, Beverley : it was formerly an island, but by means of draining has been connected with the surrounding country, although it is still low and swampy. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, under an inclosure act passed in 1771. AIKTON (St. Andrew) , a parish, in the union of WiGTON, Cumberland ward, E. division of Cumber- land, 4 miles (N. N. E.) from Wigton j comprising the townships of Aikton, Biglands with Gamblesby, Wam- pool, and Wiggonby ^ and containing 802 inhabitants, of whom 318 are in the township of Aikton. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14. 13. l|. 3 net income, £546 5 patron, Earl of Lonsdale. A school is endowed by Margaret Hodgson, with houses and land valued at £150 per annum, and is free to the poor of Aikton, Burgh-upon- Sands, and Beaumont, and to all persons of the founder’s name. AIKTON, York.— S ee Ackton. AILBY, a hamlet, in the parish of Rigsby, Wold division of the hundred of Calceworth, parts of Lind- sey, county of Lincoln ; containing 53 inhabitants. AILES WORTH, a hamlet, in the parish of Castor, union and soke of Peterborough, N. division of the county of Northampton, 2 f miles (E. by S.) from Wansford ; containing 363 inhabitants. AINDERBY-MYERS, with Holtby, a township, in the parish of Hornby, union of Bedale, wapentake of Hang-East, N. riding of York, miles (S. by E.) from Catterick ; containing 82 inhabitants. It is situ- ated in the vale of a rivulet, and comprises about 879 acres of land. AINDERBY-QUERNHOW, a township, in the parish of Pickhill, union of Thirsk, wapentake of Hallikeld, N. riding of York, miles (W. S. W.) from Thirsk • containing 92 inhabitants. This place derives the adjunct to its name from the querns, 01? mill-stones, obtained from the how or hill in the parish : it comprises an area of 527«. I8jo. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £150, payable to Trinity College, Cambridge. AINDERBY-STEEPLE (St. Helen), a parish, in the union of North Allerton, wapentake of Gilling- East, N. riding of York 3 containing 7 60 inhabitants, of whom 262 are in the township of Ainderby- Steeple, 3 miles (W. S. W.) from North Allerton. The parish comprises the townships of Ainderby-Steeple, Morton, Thrintoft, and Warlaby, and consists by measurement of 4599 acres 3 the township of Ainderby-Steeple extends over 1129 acres. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13. 6. 8., and has a net income of £200 3 the patronage and impropriation are vested in the Crown. The church is a handsome struc- ture, on a bold eminence, and from its lofty tower, which may be seen at the distance of 30 miles, the place derives the affix to its name. AINSTABLE, with Ruckroft (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Penrith, Leath ward, E. division of Cumberland, 4^ miles (N. N. W.) from 18 Kirk-Oswald, and 10 miles (N. by E.) from Penrith 3 comprising 4 177«. 18p., and containing 501 inhabitants. This parish, which is bounded on the west by tke river Eden, and on the east and south by the Croglin, abounds wdth beautiful scenery, particularly in the vale of Crog- lin, and in the vicinity of Nunnery, the seat of Major Aglionby, who erected a spacious and elegant mansion on the site of a Benedictine convent, founded here by William II., the revenue of which at the dissolution was £18. 18. 8. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 8. 2. 3 net income, £225 3 patron and impropriator. Major Aglionby. The vicarial tithes and all moduses were commuted for land under an inclosure act in 1818. The nave of the church was rebuilt in 181 6, and the chancel soon afterwards. A small school is endowed with £8. 15. per annum. Near the parsonage-house is a chalybeate spring. John Leake, M. D., founder of the Westminster Lying-in Hospital, and author of some esteemed medical works, was born here, in 1729. AINSWORTH, or Cockey, a chapelry, in the parish of Middleton, union of Bury, hundred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 3 miles (E. by N. ) from Bolton-le-Moors 3 containing 1598 inhabitants. This chapelry, which is intersected by the road from Bolton to Bury, comprises by measurement about 1200 acres. A large coal-mine is in operation, and two stone- quarries produce excellent material for engine beds and for building purposes. There are also two extensive factories for the spinning of cotton and weaving by power, and works for bleaching, dyeing, and calico- printing 3 and the Manchester and Bolton railway and canal afford facilities to the industry of the place. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the Rector of Middleton : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £48, and the glebe comprises 55 acres. The church, an ancient structure, was formerly surrounded by a moat, and stood in the centre of a common which was inclosed some years since. There is a place of worship for Unitarians. The late Sir Ralph Assheton, Bart, gave a piece of ground and a house, now valued at about £15 a year, for the maintenance of a schoolmaster 3 and a national school is chiefly supported by subscrip- tion.' Roman coins have been found here. AINTREE, a township, in the parish of Sefton, union and hundred of West Derby, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 6 miles (N. N. E.) from Liver- pool 3 containing 311 inhabitants. AIRTON, a township, in the parish of Kirby-in- Malham-Dale, union of Settle, W. division of the wapentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 6- miles (S. E. by E.) from Settle 3 containing 217 inhabitants. This place, which comprises by com- putation 2790 acres of rich grazing land, derives its name from the river Aire, on which it is situated, and which takes its rise in Malham Tarn, a few miles above the village. The population is chiefly agricultural, but some of the inhabitants find employment in a cotton- mill, the property of Mr. Dewhurst. The land is divided among Several owners, and W. N. Alcock, Esq. is lord of the manor : among former proprietors were the monks of Bolton, Fountains, and Nostell Priory. There are places of worship for Methodists and Quakers, the latter built in I7OO. Alice Ellis, in 1709, left a house and 29 acres of land for apprenticing poor children. A I S L A K E N AISBY, a hamlet, in the parish of Haydor, union of Grantham, wapentake of Winnibriggs and Threo, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln 3 containing IQO inhabitants. AISBY, a hamlet, in the parish and wapentake of CoRRiNGHAM, union of Gainsborough, parts of Lind- sey, county of Lincoln 3 containing 63 inhabitants. AISHOLT, or Asholt {^All Saints), a parish, in the union of Bridgwater, hundred of Cannington, W. division of Somerset, 7^ miles (W. by S.) from Bridgwater 3 containing 201 inhabitants, and comprising by computation 1252 acres. Limestone is quarried, and used for agricultural purposes. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7* 12. 3|. 3 net income, £280 3 patron, John West, Esq. : the glebe consists of 60 acres, and there is a good glebe- house attached to the benefice. AISKEW, k township, in the parish and union of Bedale, wapentake of Hang-East, N. riding of York, 4 mile (N. E.) from Bedale 3 containing 658 inhabitants. This place, which is pleasantly situated on the north side of the Bedale beck, comprises by computation 1950a. 2r. 9p* There are two places of worship for Anabaptists, and one for Roman Catholics 3 and a free school has a small endowment of £5 per annum, arising from land called School Fields,” in the township of Crakehall, under the will of Timothy Webster. Near Leases Hall, a neat mansion, with pleasant grounds, is Cloven hill, the supposed site of a battle, and where human bones have often been found. AISLABY, a township, in the parish of Eagles- CLiFFE, union of Stockton, S. W. division of Stock- ton ward, S. division of the county of Durham, l^ mile {W'. by N.) from Yarm 3 containing 128 inhabitants. There was anciently a chapel here, dedicated to St. Thomas the Martyr, which was founded by William de Aslakby (now Aislaby), and Agnes his wife, in 13133 and the place was for several generations the residence of the family of Pemberton, whose mansion has been con- verted into an inn and several other tenements. It is pleasantly situated on the northern bank of the Tees, by which it is separated from Yorkshire. AISLABY, orAYSLEYBY, achapelry, in the parish and union of Whitby, E. division of the liberty of Langbaurgh, N. riding of York, 3 miles (S. W. by W.) from W’^hitby 5 containing 346 inhabitants. The town- ship comprises about 1080 acres, abounding in the most picturesque scenery, interspersed with several neat man- sions : in the neighbourhood are numerous quarries of excellent stone, wrought for various purposes, and shipped from Whitby, between which place and Picker- ing is a communication by raitlway. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of Mrs. R. Boulby, with a net income of £87 : the chapel is dedicated to St. Margaret. A school, in union with the National Society, was established in 1823, and is supported by subscrip- tion. About a mile from" the village is a fine spring, called St. Kilda’s well, which runs directly into the river Esk, two miles from its source. AISLABY, a township, in the parish of Middle- ton, union, and W. division of the lythe, of Pickering, N. riding of York, 14 mile (W. N. W.) from Pickering 3 containing 128 inhabitants. This place is on the road from Pickering to Helmsley 3 the surface is undulated, and the scenery pleasingly varied 3 there are quarries of 19 sandstone for building, and limestone. Aislaby Hall, the seat of George Pitch, Esq., is finely situated within the limits of the township. AISMUNDERBY, with Bondgate, a township, in the parish and liberty of Ripon, W. riding of York 3 containing, with Bondgate and Marchingfield, extra parochial, 614 inhabitants. It adjoins Ripon on the south, and is partly within that borough 3 in the imme- diate vicinity are jseveral handsome villas, and a little to the south lies the hamlet of Quarry Moor, noted for its lime-works. The tithes have been commuted for rent- charges, amounting to £62, of which £24 are payable to impropriators, and £38 to the Dean and Chapter of Ripon. A national school, containing 180 boys, is sup- ported by subscriptions, out of which the master receives a salary of 60 guineas 3 and there is also an hospital for the support of two aged widows. AISTHORPE {St. Peter), a parish, in the wapen- take of Lawress, parts of Lindsey, union, and county, of Lincoln, 6 miles (W. N. W.) from Lincoln 3 contain- ing 82 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 807 acres, and is intersected by the road from Lincoln to Barton. Stone is quarried for building purposes, and for making roads. The living is a discharged rectory, with the vicarage of West Thorpe annexed, valued in the king’s books at £4. 10. 3 net income, £289 3 patrons, the Milnes family : the glebe consists of an acre and a half, with a cottage. The church is a plain edifice, erected about 40 years since, and consists of a nave, chancel, and tower, AKEBAR, a township, in the parish of Fingall, union of Leyburn, wapentake of Hang- West, N. riding of York, 5 miles (N. E. by E.) from Middleham 3 contain- ing 30 inhabitants. It is on an acclivity opposite to Fingall, and comprises an area of 760 acres of land, set out in farms. AKELD, a township, in the parish of Kirk-Newton, union of Glendale, W. division of Glendale ward, N. division of Northumberland, 2 miles (N. W. by W.) from Wooler3 containing 182 inhabitants. The village, which is small, is pleasantly situated near the river Glen, and the road from Wooler to Kirk-Newton. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £56, and the impropriate for one of £1. 13. Vestiges of a burial-place are discernible here, but there are no traces of any place of worship. AKELY {St. Ja 31 es), a parish, in the union, hun- dred, and county of Buckingham, 2| miles (N. by E.) from Buckingham 5 containing 362 inhabitants. This parish, according to a survey made in 1794, when the common was inclosed, comprises 1232a. Ir. 26p., of which the soil is a stiff clay, with the exception of some light land in that part which formed the common. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 2. 4.3 net income, £245 3 patrons. Warden and Fellows of New College, Oxford. There was formerly a chapel of ease at Stockholt, in the parish. AKENHAlvl {St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Bosmere and Claydon, E. division of Suf- folk, 44 miles (N. by W.) from Ipswich 3 containing 1 17 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory united to that of Claydon, valued in the king’s books at £9. 11. 54 . the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £260, and there are 20 acres of glebe, belong- ing to the incumbent. D 2 ALBA ALBA ALBAN’S (ST.), a borough court of the abbey, swore to be thenceforward faithful and market-town,having se- subjects. A sanguinary battle was fought here on the parate jurisdiction, and the 22 nd of May, 1455, between Henry VI. and the Duke of head of a union, locally in York, in which the Lancastrians were defeated, their the hundred of CASHio,orli- leader, the Duke of Somerset, killed, and the king him- bertyof St. Alban’s, county self made prisoner. On the 17 th of February, 1461, of Hertford, 12 | miles (W. another engagement took place on Bernard heath, north by S.) from Hertford, and 20 of the town, when Queen Margaret compelled the Earl (N. W. by N.) from London 5 of Warwick to retreat with considerable loss : after this containing 8604 inhabitants, action, the town was plundered and much damaged, including those portions of On the introduction of printing into England, about the parishes of St. Michael 1471, a press was put up in the abbey, from which and St. Peter which extend issued some of those early specimens that are now so beyond the limits of the borough. This place, separated eagerly sought for by collectors : the first translation of from the site of the Roman Verulamium by the small the Bible was also made here. During the civil war river Fer, derived its name and origin from the mag- between Charles I. and the parliament, a party of soldiers, nificent monastery established here by OfFa, King of under the Earl of Essex, garrisoned the town, and de- Mercia, in commemoration of St. Albanus, the proto- stroyed the beautiful cross, which was one of those Martyr of Britain. Verulam, according to*the Roman erected by Edward I. in memory of his queen, historians, was founded by the Britons, at an earlier The town is situated chiefly on the summit and period than London : it was the chief station of Cassi- northern declivity of a considerable eminence, and con- vellaunus, at the time of the invasion of Caesar, who de- sists principally of three streets, the abbey church scribes it as a place of great military strength, well de- standing on the hill near the point where they meet, fended by woods and marshes, and • appears to have That part of it which forms the old line of the great consisted of rude dwellings constructed of wood, and to north road is narrow, and contains many ancient^ have been surrounded by a rampart and fosse. In the houses ; but the other parts are spacious and neatly reign of Nero it was accounted a Municipium, or free built. It is well paved and lighted with gas under a city 3 and in that of Claudius it was surprised by Boa- local act obtained in 1803, and supplied with water dicea. Queen of the Iceni, who slaughtered the chief part from wells in the upper part of the town. By a diver- of the Roman and British inhabitants. After its resto- sion of the main road, about three hundred yards to ration, it continued to fbe a primary station of the the south, the former circuitous and dangerous route Romans until their final departure from Britain. During through the town is avoided 5 and on this new line of their occupation of it, Albanus, an eminent citizen, who road, which is about two miles in length, some hand- had been converted to Christianity by Amphibalus, in some villas, and one of the most commodious inns in 293 , boldly refusing to abjure his new religion, was be- the county, called the Verulam Arms, have been erected, headed on the hill called Holmhurst, on which spot the The manufacture of straw-plat, in which about eight monastery was erected In 793 , for 100 Benedictine hundred persons are employed, is the chief occupation monks. About the middle of the fifth century, Verulam of the lower class of inhabitants : a silk-mill, occupying was occupied by the Saxons, and received the name of the site of the abbey-mill, affords employment to three Watlingceaster, from the Roman highway, called Wat- hundred young persons 3 and in a mill for spinning ling- street, on which it stood. According to Matthew cotton- wicks for candles, formerly applied to the cutting Paris, the present towm owes its origin to Ulsinus, or and polishing of diamonds, about sixty persons are Ulsig, the sixth abbot, who, about the year 950, built a engaged. Coal is conveyed on the canal for the supply church on each of the three principal roads leading from of the town, from Boxmoor, about six miles distant, the monastery, dedicated respectively to St. Stephen, St. The market is on Saturday, for corn, straw-plat, and Michael, and St. Peter, and encouraged the neighbour^ provisions : there is a fair on March 25th and 26th, for ing inhabitants to erect houses, by supplying them with cattle and horses 3 and a statute fair is held on Oct. money and materials. Fritheric, nr Frederic, the thir- 11 th, and the two following days. teenth abbot, opposed the march of the Norman con- St. Alban’s is styled a borough in the record of queror, by causing the trees on the road side, near Domesday, and is stated to have contained forty-six Berkhampstead, to be cut down and laid across the burgesses, who were the demesne men of the abbot, and way 3 he was also principally^ instrumental in exacting continued under his jurisdiction (with the exception of from that sovereign an oath to observe the ancient laws a brief interval in the reigns of Edward II. and III.) of the realm. William subsequently deprived this until the dissolution, when the possessions of the mo- church of a great portion of its lands, and would have nastery were surrendered to the crown 3 and the inha- destroyed the monastery, but for the interposition of bitants were incorporated in the 7 th of Edward VI., by Archbishop Lanfranc. The monks and the inhabitants a charter which was modified in subsequent reigns, and had frequent quarrels 3 and, in the reign of Richard II., confirmed in the l 6 th of Charles II. By the act of the the insurgents in Wat Tyler’s rebellion were aided by 5th and 6 th of William IV., cap. 7^, the corporation the latter in besieging the monastery. On their disper- bears the title of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses,” sion, the king repaired hither, attended by Judge Tre- and consists of a mayor, four aldermen, and twelve silian and 1000 soldiers, to try the delinquents, and councillors, together forming the council of the borough, many of the townsmen were executed. The king re- of which the municipal and parliamentary boundaries mained eight days, on one of which the commons of the are now the same. The freedom is inherited by the county assembled by his command, and, in the great eldest sons of freemen (subject to a peculiar modifica- 20 ALBA ALBA tion), or acquired by servitude : the right by birth ac- crues, on the death of his father within the borough, to the son of a freeman first born within the borough after the father has taken up his freedom j but the father may, in his lifetime, to the exclusion of the first, confer the right of succeeding him on any other son born after he became free : an exception, nevertheless, exists in favour of aldermen, whose eldest or chosen son may succeed, whether born before or after ^ the father has taken up his freedom. The town first received the elective franchise in the 35th of Edward I., which was suspended from the 5th of Edward III. till the 1st of Edward VI., since which time it has continued to return two members to parliament. The right of elec- tion was formerly vested in the freemen, whether resi- dent or not, and in those householders who had been six months resident in the borough, paying scot and lot 5 but by the act of the 2nd of William IV. it has been confined to the resident burgesses and the rate- payers, the latter 709 in number : the mayor is the returning officer. The limits of the borough have been extended by the act of the 2nd and 3rd of William IV., cap. 64 5 they formerly comprised, by computation, 308 acres, and are now estimated to contain 425. The mayor, the late mayor, and the recorder, are justices of the peace, and hold courts of quarter- session : the mayor presides at a court of aldermen, on the first Wednesday in every month, for the transaction of pub- lic business j and petty-sessions are held every Saturday. The court of record, for pleas to the amount of £50, has fallen into disuse. A court of requests for the recovery of debts under 40^. is held by certain com- missioners appointed under an act passed in the 25th of George II., every Saturday, the jurisdiction of which extends over the borough and liberty. The' magistrates for the liberty hold quarter-sessions here for that divi- sion. The liberty surrounds, and is entirely distinct from, the borough, the magistrates of the one having no jurisdiction in the other ; it comprises the divisions of Barnet, Watford, and St. Alban’s, and extends into twenty-two parishes. The former town-hall was origi- nally the charnel-house of the monastery ^ but a hand- some and commodious edifice was erected in 1-830. The ancient prison of the monastery is now appropriated to the confinement of criminals committed for the borough and liberty, but is ill adapted to the purposes of a gaol. The venerable abbey, rich in lordships and immuni- ties, continued to flourish under a succession of forty abbots, who enjoyed both spiritual and temporal autho- rity, having a palatine jurisdiction similar to that pos- sessed by the bishops of Durhaih and Ely ^ they had also a precedence from Pope Adrian IV. over all other abbots, with an exclusive exemption from the payment of Peter’s pence, which, according to Camden, they pos- sessed the power of collecting throughout the county, and applying to their own use. Henry VIII. granted the abbey, which, at the dissolution, had a revenue, according to Dugdale, of £2102. 7- 1-^ to Sir Richard Lee, but retained the church, since made parochial, which Edward VI., in 1553, granted for a pecuniary consideration to the mayor and burgesses. The abbey is a cruciform structure, six hundred feet in length, and consists of a nave, two aisles, choir, presbytery, lady chapel, and two transepts, with a large square tower 21 rising from the intersection. The choir is separated from the nave by St. Cuthbert’s screen, which, with the elaborately carved screen over the altar, the ceiling (partly groined, and partly enriched with Mosaic paint- ings), and the tombs of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, and Abbot Ramryge, presents a rich and imposing ap- pearance. The tower, supported on four arches, the two transepts, and a greater part of the choir, were built of Roman tiles from the ancient city of Verulam, about the year 1077, and exhibit the Norman style of architecture 3 the remainder, erected about the reign of Henry HI., is in the early English style, with sharply pointed arches. Many fine brasses, in memory of the abbots, were taken by Cromwell's soldiers, and the church was much da- maged by the prisoners who were confined in it during the parliamentary war. The town comprises the parish of St. Alb^n, or the Abbey parish, and parts of the parishes of St. Michael and St. Peter. The living of St. Alhans is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10 j net income, £1113 patron and incumbent. Dr. Nicholson, who purchased the advowson from the mayor and corporation. A lectureship was founded in the church in 1640, by Francis Combe, Esq., who endowed it with £10 per annum. The living of St. Peters is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9. 0. 10. 3 net income, £308 3 patron. Bishop of Ely. The church, erected by Abbot Ulsinus, in 948, has been rebuilt within the last fifty years. The living of St. Michael's is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10. 1. 8. 3 net income, £300 3 patron and impropriator, Earl of Verulam. The church is a small edifice, erected by the same abbot, and con- tains, in a niche on the northern side of the chancel, a finely sculptured alabaster statue of Lord Bacon, who was interred here. There are places of worship for Particular Baptists, the Society of Friends, Indepen- dents, Wesley ans, and Unitarians. The Free Grammar school was erected in or about the year 1569, by the mayor and burgesses, under their charter of incorpora- tion bestowed by Edward VI. 3 and was endowed by letter s-patent of Elizabeth and James I., granting power to the mayor and burgesses to license dealers in wine in the borough, from which source it now has an income of £45 3 also in 1 595, by Richard Raynshaw, with 37 acres of land in the parish of St. Peter, let for £25. 4. per annum 5 and by Richard Platt with a piece of land yielding a rental of £1. 7- i making, with the dividends on £1500 three per cent, reduced annuities, arising from accumulated funds, a total income of £ 1 57. The school-room, adjoining the Abbey church, was for- merly the beautiful chapel of the Virgin. Dr. Aubrey Spencer, Bishop of Jamaica, and Dr. George Spencer, Bishop of Madras, were educated here. There are also a few other schools, supported by charity. The alms- houses, called Marlborough buildings, containing apart- ments for thirty- six persons of both sexes, were built and endowed by Sarah, Duchess Dowager of Marlbo- rough, in 1736 : they occupy three sides of a quadran- gle, on the site of the old manor-house of Newland- Squillers 3 and the income, arising from property in the counties of Warwick and Surrey, now amounts to £757 per annum. The church lands, appropriated to the repairs of the abbey, together with several benefac- tions for the same purpose, produce a revenue of £220, and there are numerous bequests for the relief of the A L B O A L B U necessitous. The poor law union of St. Alban’s com- prises eight parishes or places_, and contains a population of 17,051. In the town is a high square brick tower, with a house attached, called the Clock house, built by one of the abbots in the reign of Henry VIII., and conveyed to the corporation in the 29th of Elizabeth 5 the house and lower part of the tower are let as a shop, * and in the upper part is a public clock. At the distance of half a mile to the south-east, are some fine remains of the nunnery of Sopwell, founded in 1140, by Abbot Geoffrey de Gorham, and of which the lady Juliana Berners was at one time prioress : like the monastery, it was built of Roman tiles and bricks, and partly of flints. Of two hospitals, founded by the abbots, and dedicated respectively to St. Julian and St. Mary de Pratis, there is not a single vestige. On the left of the road leading to Dunstable, a few fragments of the ancient walls of Verulam are still discernible ; and in a field adjoining the town, called New England, are some hills supposed to have been the site of the camp of Ostorius, and thence vulgarly styled Oyster hills. There is a mineral spring^ in a garden near St. Michael’s bridge. Matthew Paris, one of the most eminent of the old English historians, was a monk in the abbey ; and among the most distinguished natives of the town may be enumerated Alexander Necham, a poet and scholastic divine ^ Sir John Mandeville, the celebrated traveller j and Sir John King, and Sir Francis Pember- ton, two eminent lawyers. Breakspear’s farm-house, in the vicinity, was the birthplace of Nicholas Breakspear, the only Englishman that ever sat in the papal chair j on his elevation he assumed the name of Adrian IV. j he was a great benefactor to the abbey. St. Alban’s gives the title of Duke to the family of Beauclerc 5 and the representative of the family of Grimstone enjoys the title of Earl of Verulam. ALBERBURY, or Abberbury (St. Michaei), a parish, in the union of Atcham, partly in the hundreds of Cawrse and Deythur, county of Montgomery (North Wales), but chiefly in the hundred of Ford, S. division of Salop, miles (W.) from Shrewsbury ; containing, in the English portion of the parish, which includes the township of Alberbury and the chapelry of Wollaston, 1065 inhabitants, of whom fl38 are in the township of Alberbury. This parish, the Welsh name of which is Llanvibangel-yn^Ghentyn, is partly bounded by the river Severn, and is intersected by the Roman Watling-street. There are some remains of a castle, built in the reign of Henry II., by Fulk Fitz-Warine> who founded an abbey for Black monks of the order of Grandmont, vestiges of which may still be traced about a mile from the castle : on the suppression of Alien priories, Henry VI. gave the site to the college of AH Souls, Oxford, to which it still belongs. The parish comprises 1000 acres : coal is abundant, but none is at present worked. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 10. 5 net income, £187 j patrons and impropriators. Warden and Fellows of All Souls’ College. The glebe consists of 20 acres^ A school is supported by subscription ^ and about £13 per annum, the interest of divers benefactions, is dis- tributed amongst the poor on Christmas-day. ALBOURNE (^r. BARTH 0 L 0 MEw)y a parish, in the union of Cuckfield, hundred of Tipnqak, rape of 22 Bramber, W. division of Sussex, 2§ miles (w. N. W.) from Hurst-Pierrepoint 5 containing 395 inhabitants, and comprising about 1400 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 14. 2., and in the gift of John Goring, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £310, and the glebe consists of 10 acres. The church is an ancient struc- ture 3 the nave is separated from the chancel by a fine Norman arch, and a north transept was added a few years since by C.’Goring, Esq. There are two schools, chiefly supported by subscription. Albourne Place is said to have been built by Bishop Juxon, who retired hither after the death of Charles I., where he resided till the Restoration. ALBRIGHTON (St. Mary), a parish (formerly a market-town), in the union of Shiffnall, Shiffnall division of the hundred of Brimstree, S. division of Salop, 7| miles (N. W.) from Wolverhampton 3 con- taining 1058 inhabitants, and comprising 3424a. Ir. 33p. Pepperhill, an ancient mansion of the Shrewsbury family, is now converted into a farm-house. The living is a vicarage, endowed with nearly the whole of the rectorial tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £5. 10. 3 net income, £651 j patrons, alternately, the Haberdashers’ Company, and the Governors of Christ’s Hospital, London : the glebe consists of 27 acres. The church, which has partly been rebuilt, has a Norman tower, with a small Saxon arch outside 3' the chancel is Uncient,^ and has a fine eastern window 3 in the north- east angle, on a monument dated 1504, are effigies of a knight of the Talbot family, and of his lady, one of the Gifford family. The Duke of Shrewsbury lies buried here. A free school is principally supported from the toils of the fairs, which are held on March 5th, May 23rd, July 18th, and Nov. 9th, for horned cattle, sheep, and hogs. ALBRIGHTON (St. John), a parish, in the union of Atcham, hundred of Pimhill, N. division of Salop,. 4 miles (N.) from Shrewsbury 3^ containing 85 inhabit- ants. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the Spurrier family 3 net income, £ 52 . ALBURGH (Jll Saints), a parish, in the union of Depwade, hundred of Earsham, E. division of Nor- folk, miles (N. E. by N.) from Harleston 3 contain- ing 589 inhabitants, and comprising by measurement 1512 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12 3 net income, £395 3 patron, the Earl of Effingham, who must present a member of St. John’s College, Cambridge : the glebe consists of about 7 acres. The church, built partly in the early English, and partly in the perpendicular style, consists of a nave and chan- cel, with a lofty embattled tower 3 the nave is separated from the chancel by the remains of a beautiful carved screen, formerly highly gilt. Some town lands, left by Richard Wright before the reign of Henry VHI., are let for about £70, applied in aid of the poor-rate. ALBURY (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Bishop-Stortford, hundred of Edwinstree, county of Hertford, 4^ miles (N, W.) from Bishop-Stortford 3 containing 041 inhabitants. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 9. 7 * net income, £264 3 patron and impropriator. Treasurer of St. Paul’s Cathedral. A pleasure fair is held in July. ALBURY (St, Helen), a parish, in the union of Thame, hundred of Bullington, county of Oxford, A L C E A L C E miles (W. by S.) from Thame 3 containing, with the hamlet of Tiddington, 244 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 9,. 8^.3 net income, £276 3 patron, Earl of Abingdon. The church has b^en lately rebuilt, principally through the munifi- cence of the noble earl, and. is fitted up throughout with open sittings of handsome old oak. Lady Mary Bertie, in 1737, gave a rent- charge of £10 for the instruction of poor boys. ALBURY {St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in the union of Guildford, Second division of the hun- dred of Blackheath, W. division of Surrey, 4 miles (E. S. E.) from Guildford 3 containing 1079 inhabitants. It comprises 3596«. 17p«, and includes the hamlets of Brooke and Little London 3 the sub-soil in general is chalk and sand. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £17. 12. 8j., and in the gift of Henry Drummond, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted fora rent- charge of £482. 10., and there are 78 acres of glebe. The church is an ancient structure, in the early English style, occupying a picturesque situation in Albury park 3 it contains tWo singular octangular pillars, resting upon circular bases of Sussex marble, supposed to have been removed from a Roman temple which stood on Blackheath. An additional church has recently been erected by Mr. Drummond, a cruciform edifice in the later English style. In 1754, William Resbridger bequeathed £400 for instructing children, purchasing bread for the poor, and other charitable purposes. National schools are supported by subscrip- tion. The Rev. T. R. Malthus> author of the celebrated Essay on Population,” was born here in I766. ALBY (St. Ethelbert), a parish, in the union of Aylsham, hundred of South Erpingham, E. division of Norfolk, 4^ miles (N. by E.) from Aylsham 3 con- taining 299 inhabitants. This place, which was an- ciently called Oslby, is intersected by the road from Aylsham to Cromer, and includes the hamlets of Alby Common and Alby Hill 3 it comprises about 840 acres, of which 634 are computed to be arable, 80 pasture, and 100 common or heath, inclosed in 1840. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 11. 8^., and in the gift of the Earl of Orford : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £196, and there are 13 acres of glebe, with a small house. The church is in the early English and decorated styles. ALCEST.ER, a liberty, in the parish of St. James, borough of Shaftesbury, locally in the hundred of Monckton-up-Wimborne, county of Dorset 3 con- taining 334 inhabitants. AlLCESTER (St. Nicho- las), a market-town and parish, and the head of a tinion, in the Alcester divi- sion of the hundred of Bar- LiCHWAY, S. division of the county of Warwick, 15 miles (W. S. W.) from Warwick, and 103 (N. W. by W.) from London 3 con- taining 2399 inhabitants. The name of this place is a contraction of Alnceastre, denoting its situation on the river Alne, and together 23 with its position on the line of the Ikeneld-street '(which may still be traced within a mile to the north- west), and the discovery of numerous relics of antiquity, affords indubitable evidence of its having been a Roman station, which by most antiquaries has been identified With the Alauna of the Itineraries. In the time of the Saxons it was a place of great importance, and a royal residence 3 and the inhabitants are described by Cap- grave as given to luxury and viciousness from an abundance of worldly wealth. Eg win, third bishop of Huicca, who first preached Christianity here, founded the abbey of Evesham, and at a general synod held at this place, at which were present Bertwald, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Wilfred, Archbishop of York, the endowments of that house were confirmed. Alcester is said to have been formerly of much greater extent than at present, and to have contained three parochial churches 3 which opinion is corroborated by the dis- covery of human skeletons, and numei^ous foundations of ancient buildings, in that part of the parish called the Blacklands, now an extensive meadow, lying be- tween the present town and the bridge over the Alne, to Which, in all probability, it formerly extended 3 and also by the site of a monastery, founded in 1140, by Ralph de Bdteler, for Benedictine monks, afterwards made a cell to the abbey of Evesham, and valued, at the disso- lution, at £101. 14. per annum. The remains have been converted into a farm-house, and are situated about half a mile to the north-east of the town, in the centre of which, according to Leland, they originally stood. In the reign of Henry I. the place was a free borough, and in that of Henry II. it was rated, among the other boroughs in the county, at four marks as a yearly aid. In the 21st of Edward I., Sir Walter de Beauchamp, lord of a moiety of the manor, obtained the grant of an annual fair for eight days, to begin on the eve of St. Giles 3 which being found inconvenient, it was transferred to the eve of St. Faith by another charter in the 30th of that monarch’s reign. In the 2Sth of the same reign he also received a grant of free warren in all his demesne lands here and elsewhere. His son Walter, in the 13th of Edward II., obtained a charter for another fair, to be held annually for eight days, beginning on the eve of St. Barnabas the Apostle 3 and his brother and successor, Giles, procured in the 14th of Edward HI., a charter to fortify and embattle his manor-house here. His great-grandson. Sir John Beauchamp, purchased the other moiety of the manor from the family of Botreaux, and having thus become lord of the whole, obtained, in the 25th of Henry VI., a charter confirming the privilege of a court leet with waifs and estrays, a market, and all other privileges previously enjoyed by his predecessors. The TOWN is pleasantly situated on the river Arrow, at its confluence with the Alne, in a fertile and richly- ctiltivated vale, surrounded with finely-wooded emi- nences 3 and consists of one principal street, from which, near the market-place, others diverge in the direction of the roads to Birmingham, Stratford-upon-Avon, and Evesham. The houses are in many instances well built, and of handsome appearance, occasionally interspersed with ancient buildings having projecting upper stories, and many modern brick-built cottages. The principal manufacture is that of needles and fish-hooks, in which from 500 to 600 persons are etnplo57^ed. The market. Seal arid Arms. A L C I A L D B which is well supplied with corn^ is on Tuesday 5 and discharged vicarage, united by act of council in 1840 to the fairs, principally for cattle, horses, and sheep, are on Selmeston, valued in the king’s books at £6 5 net in- Jan. 26th, March 23rd, May 18th, July 27th, Oct. come, £50 ; patron, the Prebendary of Heathfield in 18th, and Dec. 7th. The town is within the jurisdiction the Cathedral of Chichester for two turns, and the Dean of the county magistrates 3 and a court leet is held and Chapter for one 3 the latter are the impropriators, annually in November, when bailitFs and constables are The church has some remains of Norman architecture, appointed by the steward of the manor. The town- with an admixture of the early English style, hall, situated in the centre of the market-place, is a ALCOMBE, a hamlet, in the parish of Dunster, plain building, of which the lower part, appropriated to union of Williton, hundred of Carhampton, W. the use of the market, is of stone, supported on circular division of Dorset 5 containing 259 inhabitants, arches and round Tuscan columns. The parish com- ALCONBURY (St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, prises by measurement 1200 acres of good fertile land, in the hundred of Leightonstqne, union and county and extends to the Ridge Way, which separates a por- of Huntingdon, 4^ miles (N. W.) from Huntingdon 3 tion of the county from that of Worcester. The living containing 823 inhabitants, and comprising about 4000 is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at acres. A fair is held on Midsummer-day. The living £14. 18. 10., and in the gift of the Marquess of Hert- is a discharged vicarage, with Alconbury- Weston an- ford : the income arises from land granted in lieu of nexed, valued in the king’s books at £8. 6. I.3 net tithes, comprising 90 acres, valued at £215 per annum, income, £1623 patrons and appropriators. Dean and The church, formerly dedicated to St. Andrew, was Chapter of Westminster. The glebe comprises J 86 acres, built in the beginning of the thirteenth century 3 but of There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. the original structure only the tower remains, the battle- ALCONBURY-WESTON, a parish, in the hundred ments of which, together with the body of the church, of Leightonstone, union and county of Huntingdon, were rebuilt in 1732, when the church was dedicated to 6 miles (N. W.) from Huntingdon 5 containing 491 St. Nicholas 3 it has been lately rendered more commo- inhabitants. The living is annexed to the vicarage of dious by extensive galleries erected at the expense of the Alconbury. rector. The exterior preserves a characteristic appear- ALCUMLOW, with Moreton, a township, in the ance, harmonizing with the tower, to which the interior, parish of Astbury, union of Congleton, hundred of with a flat ceiling supported on round Tuscan pillars Northwich, S. division of the county of Chester 3 separating the aisles from the nave, forms a striking containing 148 inhabitants. contrast. Near the altar is a tomb with recumbent ALDBOROUGH (St. Mary), a parish, in the union effigies of Sir Fulke Greville and his lady, finely sculp- of Erpingham, hundred of North Erpingham, E. tured and coloured, and an elegant monument to the division of Norfolk, 6 miles (N.) from Aylsham 5 con- second Marquess of Hertford, in which his effigy, in a taining 293 inhabitants. It comprises 788a. 9p., of sitting posture, is beautifully represented in white mar- which 434 acres are arable, 287 pasture and meadow, ble. Two chantries were formerly existing in the church 3 and 20 woodland. A stock arid pleasure fair is held on one in a chapel of Our Lady,” founded by one of the June 22nd. The living is a discharged rectory, valued Botelers of Oversley 3 and the other by John, son of in the king’s books at £8, and in the gift of Lord Suffield: Giles de Beauchamp, in the 36th of Edward III. There the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of are places of worship for Baptists, the Society of Friends, £192. 10., and the glebe consists of 26 acres, with a Independents, Wesleyans, and Unitarians. The free good house. The church, chiefly in the decorated style, school, which is open to all the boys of the parish, was contains several neat memorials to the family of Gay, instituted in 1592, by Walter Newport, of Goldney, in and some sepulchral brasses to the Herewards, from the county of Northampton, who endowed it with £400, whom the Gays were descended, producing £20 per annum, which is paid to the master, ALDBOROUGH, or Al- who has also a house and garden rent-free : there are deburgh (St. Peter and but few boys on the foundation. Certain alrtishouses St. Paul), a sea-port and are endowed with land for eight poor women, who have parish (formerly a repre- a weekly allowance of two shillings and four-pence, and sentative borough and mar- receive from Lady Warwick’s charity a black gown ket-town), having separate annually 5 and there are also other charitable bequests jurisdiction, in the union, for apprenticing children and for distribution. The and locally in the hundred, poor law union of Alcester\jomprises 18 parishes and of Plomesgate, S. division places in the county of Warwick, and 4 in that of Wor- of Suffolk, 25 miles (N. cester 3 and contains a population of 16,833. Among E. by E.) from Ipswich, and the Roman antiquities found in the town and its im- 94 (N. E.) from London 3 mediate vicinity are numerous urns, coins, tessellated containing 1557 inhabitants, pavements, and other relics. Beauchamp’s Court, the This place takes its name from its situation on the river ancient manor-house, now a farm, about a mile and a Aide, and was formerly of very considerable extent and half distant, gives the title of Baron to the Earl of importance, possessing many valuable privileges. Owing Warwick. to the encroachment of the sea (which, within the last ALCISTON, a parish, in the union of West Firle, century, has destroyed the market-place, with an entire hundred of Alciston,' rape of Pevensey, E. division of street and a great number of houses), it has been re- SussEX, 7 i miles (E. S. E.) from Lewes 3 containing duced to an inconsiderable town 3 but from the salubrity 275 inhabitants. It comprises about 2100 acres, a por- of the air and the convenience of the shore for sea- tion of which consists of chalky downs. The living is a bathing, it has lately become a place of fashionable 24 Seal and Arms. A L D B A L D B resort during the summer ; baths for the accommoda- tion of visiters have been erected, and machines are in attendance on the beach. The town is situated in a pleasant vale, rather below the level of high-watermark, having the river Aide on the north, and on the south the navigable river Ore, which flows from Orford to this place : it is sheltered by a steep hill, the extended summit of 'which forms a magnificent terrace, affording a delightful promenade, and a beautifully diversified prospect, embracing an extensive view of the North Sea. The strand, to which the descent from the town is gradual, consists of firm sand, favourable for bathing and walking. At the southern extremity of the main street, which is nearly a mile in length, are a battery, on which, during the late war, two eighteen-pounders were mounted, another of five guns, and a martello tower, for the protection of the coast. The old houses are in general ill-constructed, but those erected by families residing here during the season, or for the ac- commodation of visiters, are well built and respectable 5 among which is an elegant marine villa, in the Italian style, built by the late Leveson Vernon, Esq. There is a public subscription library, situated on the Head ; a neat and commodious theatre is open for a few' weeks during the season 5 and assemblies are held occasionally at the principal inns. The trade of the pqrt consists chiefly in the exportation of corn, and the importation of coal and timber, in which forty-six vessels, averaging fifty-tw'o tons’ burthen, are employed. The custom- house is a neat and convenient building near the quay • and the harbour, which is safe and commodious, attracts a number of seafaring people and fishermen, by whom the town is principally inhabited. Many of these are Trinity-house pilots, who form themselves into small associations, and purchase swift-sailing cutters, in which they traverse the North Sea, frequently approaching the coast of Norway, in search of vessels requiring assist- ance. The chief employment of the other inhabitants consists in the taking and drying of herrings and sprats, the latter of which are found here in profusion, and ex- ported to Holland : soles and lobsters of superior flavour are taken also in abundance. The market, formerly on Wednesday and Saturday, has been discontinued 3 the fairs are held on March 1 st and May 3rd. Aldborough claims to be a borough by prescription : the earliest charter extant was granted by Henry VIII. in 1529, since which it has received several others, the last and governing charter being granted by Charles I. in 1637 . The officers of the corporation are two bailiffs, ten capital and twenty- four inferior burgesses, a recorder, town-clerk, two chamberlains, two serjeants-at-mace, and others j and the bailiffs, lat^ bailiffs, and recorder are justices of the peace for the borough, wffiich is co- extensive with the parish. The revenue arises princi- pally from the proceeds of the town marshes, comprising 188 acres of land used for depasturing cattle, which were purchased in 1610, and are vested in trustees. The town-hall is an ancient building of timber, under which is the common gaol, consisting of a single cell, for the confinement of disorderly persons ; the borough magistrates generally commit to the county gaol. The borough first exercised the elective franchise in the 13th of Elizabeth, from which time, until its disfran- chisement by the Reform Act, in the 2nd of William IV., it returned two members to parliament : the right of VoL. I.— 25 election was vested in the bailiffs and burgesses not receiving alms, and the bailiff's were the returning offi- cers. The parish comprises by measurement 1150 acres 3 it contains a small portion of good arable land, but it chiefly consists of heath, and of land laid out in sheep-walks. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £33. 6 . 8 ., with a net income of £220 : it is in the patronage of E. J. V. Wentworth, Esq., and there is a manor of 13 acres attached to it. . The church is an ancient structure of flint and freestone, standing on the summit of a hill at the northern ex- tremity of the town, with a square embattled tower surmounted by a turret, aff'ording an excellent land-mark for mariners. There are places of worship for Particular Baptists, Independents, and Wesleyans. A national school is supported by subscription, and the rental of a quay, or wharf, on the river Ore, is applicable to the purposes of education. This is the birth-place of the^ poet Crabbe. ALDBOROUGH {St. Andrew)^ a parish, partly in the wapentake of Hallikeld, N. riding, but chiefly in the Lower division of the wapentake of Claro, W. riding of York 3 comprising' the ancient borough towns of Aldborough and Boroughbridge, and the townships of Minskip, Rocliff, and Upper and Lower Dunsforth, part of that of Hurnberton with Milby, and the whole of Ellenthorpe in the N. riding 3 and containing 2473 in- habitants, of whom 615 are in the township of Aldbo- rough, 16§ miles (N. W. by W.) from York, and 205| (N. N. W.) from London. The town, which is situated upon the southern bank of the river Ure, and upon the line of the northern Watling-street, was the celebrated and important Roman station called Isurium Brigantium, and received from the Saxons the name of Eald-burgh, denoting its antiquity even in their time. Its destruc- tion is attributed to the Danes, by whom it was sacked and burnt to the ground, about the year 87 0. The elective franchise was granted by Philip and Mary, in 1558 3 but by the Reform Act the borough was deprived of the privilege of returning members. The right of election was vested in the inhabitants paying scot and lot, in number about sixty 3 and the bailiff, who was appointed by the electors, was the returning officer. The town is now only a rural village, beautifull)^ situated. The parish comprises 4600 acres 3 the scenery is varied, and in some points picturesque. Aldborough Lodge, the seat of Basil T. Woodd, Esq., J. P., is a handsome resi- dence, in grounds tastefully laid out. The LIVING is a discharged vicarage, and is a peculiar of the Dean and Chapter of York, valued in the king’s books at £9. 19. 5.3 net income, £368 3 patrons and appropriators, the Dean and Chapter of Ripon. The tithes of the township of Aldborough were commuted for land and a money payment, by an inclosure act, in 1808. The church, supposed to have been built out of the ruins of Isurium, has several antique monuments, and on the outside is a figure of Mercury, 2^ feet in length. There is a place of worship for Independents 3 and a school in connexion with the National Society is supported by subscription. The foundations of the walls of the ancient city, which included a quadrilateral area of 2500 yards, may still be traced. Near the centre are vestiges of a mount, called the Borough Hill, re- moved in 1783, and believed, from the remains then discovered, to have been the site of a Roman temple 3 E \ \ A L D B A L D E and about a hundred paces from the south wall is a semicircular outwork, named Studforth, 200 feet long, with a slope of 30 feet, forming a lofty terrace, on the south side of the town. Many Roman remains, consist- ing of tessellated pavements, military weapons, coins, &c., have at various times been discovered, and are pre- served in the pleasure-grounds of Aldborough Lodge, where are remains of a Roman encampment j and in the village is a beautiful tessellated pavement, under a wood covering. ALDBOURN {St. Michael), a parish (formerly a market-town), in the union of Hungerford, hundred of Selkley, Marlborough and Ramsbury, and Northern, divisions of Wilts, 6 miles (N. E.) from Marlborough j containing 1556 inhabitants. The name is compounded of the Saxon terms Aid, old, and bourne, a brook. Aid- bourn anciently gave name to a royal chase, granted by Henry VIII. to Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, which for a long period served only as a rabbit-warren, but is now inclosed and cultivated. Previously to the battle of Newbury, in the reign of Charles I., a sharp skirmish took place here between the parliamentarian forces and the royalists. In I76O, a fire consumed seventy- two houses j and, in 1817, twenty were destroyed by a similar calamity. The parish comprises 8495a. Sr. IQp., of which 5037 acres are arable, 839 meadow and pasture, and 226 woodland j the surface is generally undulated, and the quality of the soil is various, pre- senting a sand-gritty substance together with red clayey gravel and black turfy mould, and in some places chalk and flint. The town, situated in a fertile valley, has a willow-factory for bonnet frames, in which about 100 females are employed. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £26. 6. 3. 3 patron. Bishop of Salisbury 5 appropriators, Dean and Cliapter of Win- chester. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £1475, and the small tithes for one of £210 : the rectorial glebe comprises about 120 acres j the vicarial consists chiefly of allotments made under an act of parliament, and is valued at £262 per annum. The church, an ancient structure, exhibiting portions in the Norman style, has a tower erected at the cost of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster ; and the southern part of the vicarage-house is supposed to be the remains of a hunting seat, which belonged to him. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. Near a farm-house, called Pierce’s Lodge, are vestiges of an ancient British encampment j and in the neighbourhood may be seen various artificial mounds of earth. ALDBROUGH {St. Bartholomew), in the union of Skirlaugh, Middle division of the wapentake of Holderness, E. riding W* York j comprising the townships of Aldbrough, Newton-East, and Newton- West, with part of Great and Little Cowden 5 and con- taining 1119 inhabitants, of whom 845 are in the town- ship of Aldbrough, 11^ miles (N. E. by E.) from Hull. The township of Aldbrough comprises upwards of 4000 acres, of which two-thirds are arable, and one-third is pasture ; the soil, generally, is strong and tenaeious and bricks and tiles are manufactured. The village, which is large and convenient, is pleasantly situated on an eminence about a mile from the sea, and includes some good houses and shops, and a large hotel, recently built, for the accommodation of visiters who resort hither for sea-bathing. The living is a discharged 26 vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13. 15., and in the patronage of the Crown, with a net income of £350 : the rectorial tithes for the lordship of Aldbrough were commuted for land, under an inclosure act, in 1764. The church, the oldest in Holderness, is a large and ancient edifice, and contains a circular stone, bearing this Saxon inscription : Ulf commanded this church to be built for the soul of Hanum and Gunthral.” Ulf was lord of the place, and had a castle here, every vestige of which, except the moat, has been destroyed. The chantry on the north side of the chancel contains a very splendid monument of Sir John de Melsa and his lady j the Knight was governor of the city of York from 1292 to 1296, and a great warrior 5 his massive helmet is pre- served. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. The rental of certain land, left by Mr. Towry, is appropriated to the instruction of children and relief of the poor j and three inhabitants of the parish are eligible to Tym- peron’s almshouses at Beverley. Slight traces of a Roman road are discernible in the vicinity. ALDBROUGH, a township, in the parish of Stan- wick-St. John, union of Richmond, wapentake of Gilling-West, N. riding of York, 7 miles (W. S. W.) from Darlington 5 containing 544 inhabitants. It is a large and pleasant village, situated on a small rivulet, and the l^nds in the vicinity are fertile and productive. Carlton Hall, a mile to the north, was formerly the seat of S. B. M. Barrett, Esq., who built a school here, which is supported by Lord Prudhoe, lord of the manor, and other subscribers. There is a place of worship for Wes- leyans. ALDBURY {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Berkhampstead, hundred of Dacorum, county of Hertford, 3 miles (E. by N.) from Tringj containing 790 inhabitants, and comprising by measure- ment 2102 acres. The village is pleasantly situated at the foot of the Chiltern Hills, the summits of which are crowned with thick plantations 3 and the Tring station of the London and Birmingham railway is only about a mile distant from the church. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £20. 8. 6|., and in the patronage of the Countess of Bridgewater : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £374, and the glebe comprises 32 acres. The church is in the early style of English architecture, and contains an altar- tomb of an armed knight, in a recumbent posture, and his lady 3 also another, with brasses, to a knight and his lady, and their nine sons and three daughters 3 both executed in the richest style of ancient sculpture. There are two places of worship for Baptists. Several schools are supported 3 and the poor have the produce of some bequests left for their relief. ALDCLIFFE, a township, in the parish of Lan- caster, hundred of Lonsdale, south of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 1^ mile (S. W.) from Lancaster 3 containing 111 inhabitants. ALDEBURGH. — See Aldborough. ALDEBY (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Loddon and Clavering, hundred of Clavering, E. division of Norfolk, 3 miles (N. E.) from Beccles 3 containing 496 inhabitants. It is bounded on the south by the navigable river Waveney, which separates it from the county of Sujffolk 3 and comprises 3043 acres by admeasurement. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £1203 patrons and appropriators, Dean and A L D E ALDE Chapter of Norwich. The church, a cruciform structure, with a south chapel, is partly in the early and partly in the perpendicular style 5 the entrance to the west is through a rich Norman doorway 5 the tower rises be- tween the nave and chancel. A national school was erected in 1840. £40, the rental of land, are annually distributed among the poor. Here was a small priory, a cell to the Benedictine abbey of Norwich, which, at the dissolution, was given by Henry VIII. as part Of the endowment of that cathedral. ALDENHAM (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Watford, hundred of Cashio, or liberty of St. Alban’s, county of Hertford, miles (N. E. by E.) from Watford > containing, with the hamlet of Theobald Street, 1 66^ inhabitants. The living is a vicar- age, valued in the king’s books at £24, and in the gift of the Trustees of P. Theilusson, Esq. *: the impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £778, and the vicarial for £110. The church is in the early English style, and contains some highly ornamented screen- work, the effigies of two females in stone, and an enriched font. The free grammar school was founded and endowed in 1599, by Richard Platt, citizen of Lon- don, for sixty children, to be chosen from among the poor of Aldenham and the families. of freemen of the Brewers’ Company, London ; and, in default of the full number of scholars from Aldenham, from the poor of the adjacent parishes, the children of the founder’s name and kin to have the preference. In consequence of a great improvement in the value of the property, the master and wardens of the company, who were consti- tuted the governors, decided upon extending its benefits f and the present buildings, called the Upper and Lower Schools,” were erected in 1825, the latter school being designed for the sons of farmers and labourers of Alden- ham, to be taught on the national system. The same munificent benefactor also endowed six almshouses ; and a school, established in' 1826, is supported by Lady Pole. Elizabeth Brown, in the l6th year of Charles I., bequeathed a rent-charge of £15, which is distributed at Christmas, in coal and clothing, among the poor. ALDERBURY (St. Mary), a parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Alderbury, Salisbury and Amesbury, and S. divisions of Wilts, 3 miles (S. E. by E.) from Salisbury 5 containing, with Farley and Pitton chapelries, 1440 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, in the patronage of the Treasurer of Sarum, with a net income of £162 : the great tithes were commuted for land and an annual money payment, under an inclosure act, in 1803. At Farley and Pitton, in the parish, are chapels of ease. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans ; also a^ small endowed free school. The Rev. Gabriel Thistlethwaite, by deed in I7O8, gave ten acres of land at Whaddon in the vicinity, now let for £15 per annum, of which £10 are appro- priated for the benefit of the poor of Alderbury and Whaddon ; and a rent-charge of £5, under the will of James Ely, is occasionally applied to the apprenticing of children. The poor law union of Alderbury com- prises 22 parishes or places, and contains a population of 14,171. A monastery formerly existed at Ivy Church, in the parish, the site of which is now occupied by a modern residence. ALDERFORD (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of St. Faitji’s, hundred of Eynsford, 27 E. division of Norfolk, miles (S. E. by S.) from Reepham ; containing 44 inhabitants. This parish, bounded on the south by the river Wensum, and inter- sected by the road from Norwich to Reepham, com- prises 431a. l6p., chiefly arable. The living is a dis- charged rectory, with the vicarage of Attlebridge con- solidated, valued in the king’s books at £4. 6. 8. 5 patrons. Dean and Chapter of Norwich. The tithes have been commuted for *a rent- charge of £137, and the glebe consists of 7 acres, with a small cottage. The church is in the early, decorated, and later English styles, and consists of a nave and chancel, with a square tower 3 the font is curiously and elaborately sculptured. ALDERHOLT, a tything, in the parish and hundred of Cranborne, union of Wimborne and Cranborne, Wimborne division of Dorset ^ containing 404 inha- bitants. ALDERLEY (St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Macclesfield, N. division of the county of Chester, 6 miles (W. N. W.) from Maccles- field ; containing 1538 inhabitants, of whom 455 are in the township of Upper Alderley, 679 in that of Lower Alderley, and 404 in that of Great Warford. This parish comprises by computation 6009 acres of fertile land y the surface is greatly diversified, and towards the north-east the ground rises gradually, forming an eleva- tion called Alderley Edge, which terminates abruptly, and commands an extensive view. Alderley Park, the seat of Lord Stanley, forms an interesting feature in the landscape ^ in the grounds is a fine sheet of water, called Radnor Mere, a wood near which contains some of the finest beech trees in England. A few of the in- habitants are engaged in weaving for the manufacturers of the neighbouring towns. The branch of the Man- chester and Birmingham railway from Stockport to Crewe passes through the parish. The living is a rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £14. 10. 10. 5 net income, £514 j patron. Lord Stanley. There are places of worship for Wesleyans, and one for Baptists at Great Warford. An ancieiit school-house in the churchyard, some time after its erection, was endowed with £250, which has been placed at interest in the hands of Lord Stanley, who pays the master £10 per annuih 5 and there is ^ also another school, which is principally sup- ported by his lordship. On the high ground of Alder- ley Edge is a fine spring, called the Holy Well. The title of Baron Stanley, of Alderley, was created in 1839. ALDERLEY (St. Kenelme), a parish, in the union of Chipping-Sodbury, Upper division of the hundred of Grumbald’s-Ash, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 2 miles (S. S. E.) from Wotton-under- Edge 5 containing 174 inhabitants. The village is plea- santly situated on an eminence between two streams which unite and fall into the river Severn at Berkeley, and commands an extensive and interesting view to the south and south-west. There is a manufactory of cloth which affords employment to between one and two hundred persons. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 4. 7., and in the gift of R. H. B. Hale, Esq.: the tithes have been com- muted for a rent- charge of £155. 5. 8., and there are about 25 acres of glebe. The Rev. Potter Cole was, in 1730, presented to this benefice, which he held till the year 1800. Cornua ammonis and other fossils are found. Sir Matthew Hale, lord chief justice in the reign of E 2 A L D E A L D E Charles II was born here, Nov. 1st, 1609, and lies interred in the churchyard. ALDERMASTON, or Aldmerston {St, Mary), a parish (formerly a market-town), in the union of Brad- field, hundred of Theale, county of Berks, 10 miles (S. W. by W.) from Reading 5 containing 66*2 inhabit- ants. This place was distinguished by various military operations in the civil war. The royal army under the command of Col. Gage, on its way from Oxford to Basing House in 1643, halted at the village : on its return, finding the enemy in possession of the place, the troops were ordered to march by a different route. The Earl of Essex was here with his army in the same year, and proceeded hence by Padworth and Bucklehury heath to Newbury, immediately before the second battle fought near that town. The parish comprises 3689«. 6p., and is intersected by the river Kennet. Fairs are held on May 6th, July 7th, and Oct. 11th. The living is a peculiar, in the gift of the lord of the manor, valued in the king’s books at £12. 12. 8|. The tithes were for- merly appropriated to the priory of Sherborne, subject to the payment of a small quit-rent to Queen’s College, Oxford ^ but since the reign of Elizabeth they have be- longed to the lord of the manor ; they have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £535. The church is an ancient structure, and contains several fine old monu- ments of the families of Orchard, De la Mere, and Fos- ter. The Rev. Robert Dixon, an incumbent, built four almshouses for poor widows, in I706 j and there is a national school. ALDERMINSTER {St, Mary), a parish, partly in the Upper division of the hundred of Oswaldslow, but chiefly in the Upper division of the hundred of Pershore, union of Stratford-upon-Avon, Blockley and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, of which it is a detached portion, surrounded by Warwickshire, 5 miles (S. S. E.) from Stratford 5 containing 508 in- habitants. The parish comprises by com^tation 3000 acres it is bounded on the south-west by the river Stour, and has a great variety of soil. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7 5 the patronage and impropriation belong to the Crown. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £188. 4. 6., and those of the incumbent for £160. 19. 6. 5 the glebe comprises 20 acres in this parish, and 3^ acres in that of Bengworth, near Evesham. The church is a curious cruciform edifice, with a low tower 5 the nave is in the Norman style. ALDERNEY, an island, dependent on, and under the jurisdiction of, the states of Guernsey, situated 6 leagues (N. E.) from that island, and 7 miles (W.) from Cape La Hogue, in Normandy (from which it is sepa- rated by a strait, called by the French “ Raz Blanchard,'* and by the English the Race of Alderney), and contain- ing 1030 inhabitants. This island, named in old En- glish records Aurney, Aureney, and Aurigny, by which last name it is still designated by the French geogra- phers, is supposed to have been the Riduna of Antoni- nus 3 but little of its history is known prior to the time of Henry HI., in the fourth year of whose reign an act of parliament was passed, by which it appears that one moiety of the island belonged to that monarch, and the other moiety to the Bishop of Coutances. From an extent of the crown, made in the fourth year of the reign of James I., the whole of the island was the pro- 28 perty of the king, who was entitled to the amends, or fines, and the perquisites of the court •, to the treiziemes, or thirteenths, upon the sale of lands 5 and to the WTecks, and other princely rights and royalties j but it was subsequently granted in fee-farm to successive tenants. George HI., by letters patent under the great seal, bearing date Dec. 14th, 1763, in consideration of the surrender of the former lease, or patent, and for other considerations therein specified, granted the island to John Le Mesurier, Esq., for 99 years, with a proviso for resuming the lease at any time, upon pay- ment to the lessee of such amount of money as should have been disbursed in improving the mansion called the Governor’s house, and the other premises 3 and in this grant was included the advowson of the church and chapel, with power to levy duties upon all vessels com- ing into the port of the island, in the same proportion as they are levied in the harbour of St. Peter’s Port, in Guernsey. The rights and property of the island were, however, purchased by government from J. Le Mesu- rier, Esq., of Poole, who was the last governor. The approach to the island, particularly in stormy weather, is dangerous, from the rapidity and diversity of the currents, which at spring tides rush in contrary directions, with a velocity of six miles an hour, and from the numerous rocks by which it is surrounded. These rocks were fatal to Prince Henry, son of Henry I., who was wrecked here on his return from Normandy, in 1119 3 and, in 1744, to the Victory man of war, which was lost with the whole crew, consisting of 1100 men : the French fleet, notwithstanding, escaped through this passage after its defeat at La Hogue, in 1692. About seven miles to the west are the Caskets, a cluster of rocks rising to a height of twenty-five to thirty fathoms from the water, and about one mile in circum- ference : on the south-west side is a naturally-formed harbour, in which a frigate may shelter as in a dock 3 steps are cut in the rock, and conveniences are provided for hauling up boats : there is also a smaller and less compact harbour on the north-east side. On these rocks three light-houses have been erected, and furnished with revolving reflectors. The island, which is four miles in length, one mile and a half in breadth, and nearly ten miles in circumference, shelves considerably to the north-east, and is intersected by deep valleys : the whole of the southern and eastern parts, from La Pen- dante to La Clanque, is bounded by cliffs varying in elevation from 100 to 200 feet, and presenting pic- turesque and striking scenery : the northern and eastern sides are terminated with lower cliffs, alternating with small bays and flat shores. The bay of Bray is remark- ably fine, affording good anchorage to vessels, and at low water the sands are very extensive : Longy bay is also commodious 3 and Craby harbour, in which at spring tides the water rises to the height of twenty-five feet, affords every facility for a wet dock. The east side of the island consists chiefly of reddish sandstone, and the west side principally of porphyry, neither of which rocks is found in large masses in any of the other islands of the group. About one-half of the land is in cultivation 3 the remainder consists of common and furze land, affording good pasturage for sheep, but in- sufficient for cattle. The soil, though light and sandy, is in general good, and the system of agriculture similar to that of Guernsey 3 but the general appearance of the A L D E A L D £ land is bare, as few trees and no thorn hedges are to be seen, the inelosures being formed by walls of loose stones, and furze banks. Of the Alderney breed of eows, which has taken its name from this island, Jersey and Guernsey furnish by far the greater number for ex- portation, this island but very few. The town is situated nearly in the centre of the island, and, with the excep- tion of the Governor s house, contains few buildings worthy of notice ; it is partially paved, and well sup- plied with water : there is a good road to Bray harbour, and another to Longy bay, where was an ancient nun- nery, subsequently used as barracks during the war, and, since the peace converted into an hospital, and a dep6t for military stores. The pier, near which are several houses, is of rude construction, with but one projecting arm, affording shelter to vessels only from ’ the north-east. The CIVIL JURISDICTION is exercised by a judge and six jurats, the former of whom is nominated by the gover- nor, and the latter elected by the commonalty j they hold their several appointments for life, unless removed for misbehaviour, or malversation in office and, with the queen’s officers, viz.j the procureur, or attorney- general j the camptrolleTf or solicitor- general 5^ and the greffier, or registrar, who is also nominated by the governor, compose the court, the decision of which, however, is not necessarily definitive, being subject to an appeal to the royal court at Guernsey, and from that to the queen in council. In all criminal cases the court of Alderney has only the power of receiving evidence, which is transmitted to the superior court of Guernsey, where judgment is pronounced, and the sentence of the law executed. The entire jurisprudence of the island is similar to that of Guernsey, as appears by the order of the royal commissioners sent to the island by Queen Elizabeth, in 1585. The judge and six jurats, together with the douzainiers, being twelve men chosen by the commonalty for their representatives, compost the as- sembly of the states of the island, wherein all ordinances for its government are proposed. But the douzainiers have only a deliberative voice, and no vote, the judge and jurats alone deciding upon the expediency of any proposed measure. The governor, or his lieutenant, must be present at each assembly, but has no vote in it. The public* acts were first registered at Alderney in 1617, and the first contract was enrolled in the year 1666. The privileges of the charter are inherited by birth, or obtained by servitude. It is not known at what time the church was built r it is an ancient edifice, not entitled to architectural notice; the tower was added to it in 17^7, and a chapel near it was erected in 17d3. From the year 1591 to 1607 Alderney was without an officiating minister, during which period baptisms and marriages were solem- nized at Guernsey, and registered in the parish of St. Saviour. There is a place of worship for Wesleyan s. A school for boys, and another for girls, were founded by J, Le Mesurier, Esq., the last governor ; the building was erected in 1790. The general hospital was erected in 1739, for the reception of patients, and is supported by subscription. The remains of the ancient nunnery have been converted into an hospital, substantially built of sandstone, and surrounded by a strong wall ; and there still exists part of a castle begun by the Earl of Essex, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, but never finished, the ruinous foundations of which yet bear that favourite’s name. The islet of Burhou, lying to the westward, is not inhabited, but is used by the governor as a rabbit-warren. ALDERSEY, a township, in the parish of Codding- TON, union of Great Boughton, Higher division of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, Sf miles (S. E. by S.) from Chester; contain- ing 138 inhabitants. Salt-works were carried on here in the middle of the sixteenth century ; and there is still a brine spring in the neighbourhood, but it is not worked, owing to the distance from which coal must be brought for that purpose. ALDERSHOTT {St. Mighael), a parish, in the hundred of Crondall, Odiham and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 3 miles (N. E. by N.) from Farnham ; containing 685 inhabitants. It is situa- ted on the road between Farnham and Guildford, and comprises 4130 acres, of which 731 are arable, 550 pasture, 130 w^oodland, 20 sites and gardens, 19 hops, and 2700 common. The Basingstoke canal passes within a mile and a half of the village. The living is a per- petual curacy; net income, £64; patrons, J. Eggar, S. Andrews, J. Alden, and W. Tice, Esqrs. ; impro- priators, Master and Brethren of the Hospital of St. Cross, Winchester. The church contains a curious monument to the Titchbourne family, whose ancient seat has been converted into a farm-house. A school in union with the National Society has been established. There are some remains of an extensive Roman camp on Brixbury Hill. ALDERTON {St. Margaret}, a parish, in the union of WiNCHCOMB, Upper division of the hundred of Tewkesbury, E. division of the county of Glouces- ter, 4^ miles (N. N. W.) from Winchcomb ; contain- ing, with the hamlet of Dixton, 411 inhabitants. It comprises by admeasurement 1750 acres ; the sur- rounding country is picturesque and beautiful, and extensive views are commanded from the neighbouring hills. Near AJderton Hill stood the fine old mansion, recently taken down, where one of the ancestors of the family of Tracy (Lord Sudely) was born ; and at Dixton is a large manor-house, where the Higfords, who have been great benefactors to the parish, resided for several centuries. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £22. 1. lOj. ; net income, £337 ; patron, Rev. C. Covey. The tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £150; the glebe consists of about 9 acres, and a commodious parsonage-house has recently been built. The church, which is an ancient structure, is distinguished for the elegance of its arches. A school is supported by subscription. At Dixton Hill are the remains of a Saxon encampment. Numerous fossils are found in the stone quarries in the parish, ALDERTON {St. Margaret), a parish, in the union of Potterspury, hundred of Cleley, S. division of the county of Northampton, 3f miles (E. S. E.) from Towcester ; containing 1 66 inhabitants. On the north, the parish is bounded by the river Tow, and on the east partly by the road leading from Northampton to Stony- Stratford. It consists of 869<3f. Wp . ; the surface is boldly undulated, and the village stands on the western declivity of an eminence. The living is a rectory, an- nexed to that of Grafton- Regis, and valued in the king’s books at £ 12. A L D I "ALDF ALDERTON (St. Jndrew), a parish, in' the union of WooDBRiDGE, hundred of Wilford, E. division of Suffolk, 7 miles (S. E. by S.) from Woodbridge j com- prising 2635 acres by admeasurement, and containing 620 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14. 18. 4., and in the alternate patron- age of the lords of the four manors in the parish, of whom the Bishop of Norwich, a's lord of Alderton Hall, is one. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £630, and there are about 22 acres of glebe. ALDERTON (St. Giles), a parish, in the union of Malmesbury, and forming a detached portion of the hundred of Chippenham, Malmesbury and Kingswood, and N. divisions of Wilts, 9 miles (N. W. by N.) from Chippenham; containing 183 inhabitants. It comprises 1584 acres, of which a considerable portion is waste land. Stone is quarried suitable for building and the repair of roads. The living is a perpetual curacy, united with the rectory of Sherston-Parva, to the vicarage of Sherston- Magna, and in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of Glou- cester : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £145, and the glebe consists of 47 acres, valued at £1 per acre. The church is a very ancient structure. ALDERWASLEY, a chapelry, in the parish of Wirksworth, union of Be lper, hundred of Appletree, S. division of the county of Derby, 2|: miles (E. by S.) from Wirksworth ; containing 3Q8 inhabitants. There are iron-works and furnaces for smelting lead-ore in the neighbourhood. The chapel belongs to F. Hurst, Esq., who appoints the chaplain. ALDFIELD, a chapelry, in the parish of Ripon, Lower division of the wapentake of Claro, W. riding of York, 3^ miles {W. by S.) from Ripon ; containing 132 inhabitants. This village, which is beautifully situated in the woody vale near Fountain’s Abbey, is resorted to on account of its mineral springs, discovered about 1698, the sulphureous quality of which is said to be stronger than that of the Harrogate wter. The sur- rounding scenery comprises all the variety and beauty of the picturesque spot of Matlock, in Derbyshire. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of Mrs. Lawrence ; net income, £?2. Rent-charges amounting to £59. 12. have been awarded as a commutation for the tithes, of which sum £38 are payable to the trustees of Smith’s charity, and £21. 12. to the Dean and Chapter of Ripon. A school in connexion with the National Society has been established. ALDFORD (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Great Boughton ; comprising the town- ships of Aldford and Churton in the Higher, and those of Buerton and Edgerley in the Lower, division of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester ; and containing 835 inhabitants, of whom 488 are in the township of Aldford, 5 miles (S. by E.) from Chester, on the road to Farndon and Holt. This place, which had formerly a market and a fair, derives its name from an ancient ford on the river Dee, which divides it on the west from the county of Denbigh, North Wales, and over which a good bridge has been erected. In the reign of Henry II. a castle was built commanding the ford, of which, at present, only the earth- works, nearly adjoining the church, are remaining ; and in the reign of Charles I. a garrison was placed here by Sir William Brereton, during the siege of Chester. The parish contains, by measurement, 2633 acres ; there 30 are two quarries for red sandstone. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £16. 17. 8|., and in the gift of the Marquess of Westminster : the tithes of the township of Aldford have been commuted for a rent-charge of £315, and the glebe comprises 21 acres, with a large and commodious house. The church stands on the verge of the castle moat, and has been repaired in various styles ; in the churchyard is the recumbent effigy of a female, sculptured in red stone. Schools are supported ; and there are six almshouses for aged widows, endowed with £22 per annum. Vestiges of a Roman road, connecting the northern and southern branches of the Watling-street, are discernible in the parish. ALDHAM, a parish, in the union of Lexden and WiNSTREE, Witham division of the hundred of Lex- den, N. division of Essex, 6 miles (E. N. E.) from Great Coggeshall ; containing 382 inhabitants. This place is situated on the river Colne, by which it is bounded on the north, and comprises an area of about four miles in circumference. Fairs are held at the hamlet of Ford- street on Easter-Tuesday and Nov. 1st. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12 ; net income, £327; patron. Bishop of London. The church is a rude edifice, with a small wooden turret, and consists of a nave, south aisle, and chancel. A national school is supported ; and £22 per annum, bequeathed by an un- known benefactor, are divided among 16 married per- sons who have not received parochial relief during the preceding twelve months. The Rev. 'Philip Morant, author of the History of Essex, was rector of the parish ; he died Nov. 26th, 1770, aged 70 years, and was interred in the chancel of the church, where a monument has been erected to his memory. The learned Sir John Marsham, one of the six clerks in chancery, and author of several valuable works, was proprietor of Bourchiers Hall (now a farm-house), in the reign of Charles I., to whose fortunes he was a firm adherent. ALDHAM (St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Cosford, W. division of Suffolk, 2 miles (N. N. E.) from Hadleigh ; containing 293 inhabitants. It comprises 1742a. Ir. 33p., and has, for the most part, a hilly surface ; the land consists of arable, pasture, and wood, the last of which is tithe-free ; and the soil is stiff clay, and produces good corn. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 13. 4.; net income, £290 ; patron, Thomas Barret Lennard, Esq. : the glebe consists of 45 acres. The church is situated on a hill, and is built of flint and stone, with a round tower : the advowson formerly belonged to the Earls of Oxford, whose arms are carved on the oak benches fitted up in the church in 1537. Dr. Rowland Taylor suffered martyrdom on the common of the parish, in 1555. ALDINGBOURNE (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of West Hampnett, hundred of Box and Stock- bridge, rape of Chichester, W. division of Sussex, 4:^ miles (E. by N.) from Chichester ; containing, with the hamlets of Lydsey and Westergate, 772 inhabitants. This was formerly the residence of the Bishops of Chi- chester, whose palace here was destroyed in the parlia- mentary war by Sir William Waller on his march to Arundel ; and a castellated building near the palace, situated on a mound surrounded with a moat, was de- molished at the same time. The road from Chichester ALDli ALD W to Arundel, and the Portsmouth and Arun canal, both pass through the parish. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 10. 5. ; net income, £212 j patron and appropriator, the Dean of Chichester. The church is a cruciform structure in the Norman style, with a square embattled tower which terminates the north transept : the south transept is an ancient chapel, to which is an entrance by a fine Norman door- way. At Lydsey, a smalf hamlet in the parish, was a chapel founded prior to the year 1282, of which there are now no remains. A national school is supported. ALDINGHAM {St, Cuthbert), a parish, in the union of Ulv&rstone, hundred of Lonsdale, north of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 5f miles (S.) from Ulverstone j containing 907 inhabitants. It is situated on the western shore of Morcambe bay, which has encroached so much upon the lands, that the church, said to have been formerly in the centre of the parish, is now within the reach of a high tide. From a promontory on the coast-, which w^as once surrounded by a moat, and is supposed to have been an exploratory station during the incursions of the Piets and Scots, there is an extensive prospect over the counties of West- morland and York. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £39. 19. 2., and in the patronage of the Crown ; net income, £1093. ALDINGTON {St. Martin), a parish, in the union of East Ashford, partly in the liberty of Romney- Marsh, but chiefly in the franchise and barony of Bircholt, lathe of Shepway, E. division of Kent, 5^ miles (W. by N.) from Hythe 3 containing 733 inhabit- ants. It is crossed by the South-Eastern railway. The living is a rectory, with the chapel of Smeeth annexed, valued in the king’s books at £38. 6 . 8. j net income, £1014 5 patron. Archbishop of Canterbury. The church displays the early English style in its general structure 5 the tower presents a specimen of very good masonry. A school for boys is supported by subscription. Eras- mus, the celebrated divine, was rector of the parish. ALDINGTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Badsey, union of Evesham, Upper division of the hundred of Blacken HURST, Pershore andE. divisions of the county of Worcester, 2 miles (E.) from Evesham 5 comprising 628 acres, and containing 102 inhabitants. On the west it is bounded by the Avon and on the north by a stream which falls into that river. The soil is of the most fertile quality. ALDRIDGE {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Walsall, S. division of the hundred of Offlow and of the county of Stafford, 3 miles (E. N. E.) from Walsall 5 containing, with the chapelry of Great Barr, 2094 inhabitants, of whom 1007 are in the township of Aldridge. The neighbourhood affords a kind of clay, well adapted for the manufacture of the finest sort of pottery and tiles, which are made in great quantities. An extensive distillery is also carried on 5 and the trade of the district is greatly facilitated by the Wyrley and Essington Extension canal, which passes within a quar- ter of a mile of the village. The living is a rectory, with the perpetual curacy of Great Barr annexed, valued in the king’s books at £8. 1. 3. 3 net income, £905 ; pa- tron, Sir E. D. Scott, Bart. The glebe comprises 30 acres. The Wesleyans have a place of worship ; and there are two free schools ; one with an endowment of about £110 per annum, founded in I7I8, by the Rev. 31 John Jordan, and the other endowed with £12 per an- num. The remains of a Roman encampment are visible in the parish. ALDRINGHAM {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union and hundred of Blything, E. division of Suf- folk, miles (N. by W.) from Aldborough ; contain- ing, with the hamlet of Thorpe, 401 inhabitants. The parish derives its name from the river Aide, (by some improperly called the Hundred brook,) which separates it from Aldborough : it comprises 860 acres. A market was formerly held, which has fallen into disuse : there is a small fair on St. Andrew’s day, called Cold Fair. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £59 t patron and impropriator, Lord Huntingfield, whose tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £205. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists. ALDRINGTON, EAST, a parish, in the union of Steyning, hundred of Fishergate, rape of Lewes, E. division of Sussex, 3 miles (W. by N.) from Brighton ; containing about 650 acres. This place is by Camden, Stillingfleet, and others, identified with the Portus Adriani of the Romans ; and urns, skeletons, pottery, and other relics of Roman antiquity have been frequently disco- vered in this and the adjoining parishes, which appear to have been the first points of attack when the Saxons began to infest the coasts. It is bounded on the south by the English Channel, which has made such encroach- ments on the land as to have completely destroyed the village, and the parish is now without any population, except one individual returned in the last census. The road and railway from Brighton to Shoreham both pass through it. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 10. 2^. ; net income, £294 ; patrons, the Masters and Fellows of Magdalene College, Cambridge. The church is in ruins. ALDSTONE.— See Alston. ALDSWORTH {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Northleach, hundred of Brightwell’s Barrow, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 3^ miles (S. E.) from Northleach ; containing 365 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, annexed to the vicarage of Turkdean; net income, £66. The ’tithes were com- muted for land and an annual money payment, by an inclosure act, in 1793. The peculiar of Aldsworth is re- gularly inhibited during the bishop’s visitation, although his right has been and still continues to be resisted by the patron and ordinary of the peculiar, notwithstanding an award of the Dean of Arches, in 1741, in the bishop’s favour. ALDSWORTH, a tything, in the parish and union of West Bourne, hundred of West Bourne and Sin- gleton, rape of Chichester, W. Division of Sussex ; containing 118 inhabitants. ALD W ARK, a township, in the parish of Alne, union of Easingwould, wapentake of Bulmer, N. riding of York, 6| miles (E. S. E.) from Boroughbridge ; containing 224 inhabitants. This place comprises about 2220 acres, and was anciently a possession of a branch of the Fitzwilliam family: the village is seated in the vale of the Ouse, and nearly a mile to the south is Ald- wark bridge, a substantial wooden structure, which crosses the river and its banks by twenty-seven arches and culverts. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £75, and the impropriate tithes for £3. 11. A L D W ALFO ALDWARK, a township^ in the parish cf Eccles- FiELD^ union of Wortley, N. division of the wapen- take of Strafforth and Tickhill, W, riding of York^ 2^ miles (N. E.) from Rotherham. Aldwark^ or the old work,” the seat of the Clarelles, Fitzwilliams, and Foljambes, lies remote from the rest of the parish, and has consequently never been considerexl a part of Hallamshire : its long line of resident proprietors pre- sents a fine subject for the genealogist and antiquary. About eleven years since the extensive corn and oil mills on the opposite side of the river Don, were burnt down. ALDWARK, a township, in the parish of Brad- borne, union of Bakewell, hundred of Wirksworth, S. division of the county of Derby, 5f miles {N. W. by W.) from Wirksworth ^ containing 82 inhabitants. ALDWICK, a tything, in the parish of Pagham, union of West Hampnett, hundred of Aldwick, rape of Chichester, W. division of Sussex j containing 203 inhabitants. ALD WINKLE {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Thrapston, hundred of Huxloe, N. division of the S county of Northampton, 4 miles (N.) from Thrapston ; containing 2/2 inhabitants. It is situated on the navi- gable pver Nene, and contains about 1000 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 4. 2. ; net income, £311 ; patron. Rev. R. Ro- berts, D.D. The tithes were commuted for land and a money- payment, by an inclosure act, in 1702^ the glebe comprises 205 acres. The church is remarkable for its beautiful tower : it has some windows in the de- corated English style, ai^d a small ornamented chapel adjoining the southern side of the chancel. A school, with a small endowment, is further supported by sub- scription 5 and the 'sum of £30 per annum, the rental of a plantation of twelve acres, is divided between the poor of the two parishes of Aldwinkle, All Saints, and St. Peter. There is a chalybeate spring. The poet Dryden was born in the parsonage-house, in 1631. ALDWINKLE {St, Peter), a parish, in the union of Thrapston, hundred of Huxloe, N. division of the county of Northampton, 3f miles (N. by E.) from Thrapston 3 containing 183 inhabitants. The river Nene, which is navigable to the North Sea, and com- municates with the Northampton canal, flows through the parish. Here are the remains of a singular cruci- form building, called Liveden, erected by the Tresham family, and richly decorated with sculpture, especially round the cornice, which exhibits a Roman Catholic legend and a variety of religious symbols. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 6. 3. 5 net income, £230 ; patron. Lord Lilford : the glebe consists of 183 acres. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists. Dr. Thomas Fuller, author of ‘^The History of the Worthies of England,” and other learned works, was born in the parish. ALDWORTH {St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Wantage, hundred of Compton, county of Berks, 4^ miles (E. by S.) from East Ilsley^ containing 314 in- habitants. This place, supposed by Hearne to have been a Roman station, comprises 1785a. Sr. 32p., of which nearly the whole is cultivated land ; the village is situated on an eminence commanding extensive and interesting views. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 16. 0^. 3 patrons and appro- 32 priators. Master and Fellows of St. John’s College, Cambridge. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £400, and the vicarial for £100 3 the appropriate glebe consists of 27, and the vicarial of 16, acres. The church is an ancient structure of simple character, containing eight altar-tombs, on which are nine recumbent figures, under highly enriched arches, elegantly , sculptured, supposed to represent different members of the De la Beche family, and to have been executed in the fourteenth century. A school is sup- ported by subscription. ALEMOUTH. — See Alnmouth. ALETHORPE, an extra-parochial liberty, locally in the parish of Fakenham, union of Walsingham, hundred of Gallow, W. division of Norfolk, 2 miles (N. E. by E.) from Fakenham 3 containing 8 inhabit- ants. ALEXTON {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Billesdon, hundred of East Goscote, N. division of the county of Leicester, 3^- miles (W. by N.) from Uppingham ; containing 81 inhabitants. This parish, which is separated from Rutland by the river Eye, and is situated near the road from Leicester to Cambridge, comprises 997a. 28p., nearly the whole good grazing land 5 and all, with the exception of 200 acres, tithe-free : the soil is a stiff clay, and the surface is undulated and pleasingly wooded. The ancient hall, built in the reign of Elizabeth, is adorned with avenues of Scotch and Balm of Gilead firs, which are considered the finest in the country. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 18. 4.5 net income, £140 5 patron. Lord Berners. Attached are 24 acres of glebe within the parish, and two in Belton Field. The church was built in 1594, by Edward Andrewes, Esq. ALFOLD {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Hambledon, First division of the hundred of Black- heath, W. division of Surrey, 8 ^ miles (S. E. by S.) from Godaiming 3 containing 519 inhabitants. The parish comprises 2726a. Ir. SSp., and abounds with oak, ash, and elm : in parts there is a bed of stone, which is used for repairing the roads, but is not hard enough for building. The Arun and Wey Junction canal passes through it. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 11. 2., and in the gift of the Rev. L. W. Eliot : the tithes have been commuted for a rent* charge of £355, and the glebe comprises 14 acres. The church consists of a nave, chancel, and south aisle, with a tower surmounted by a small spire : the parson- age-house is situated on the south side of the church- yard. Schools are supported by subscription. ALFORD {St. Wilfred), a market- town and parish, in the union of Spilsby, Wold division of the hundred of Calceworth, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 34 miles (E.) from Lincoln, and 137 (N. by E.) from London 3 containing 1945 inhabitants. This place, which derives its name from an old ford over a stream that twice runs through it, is a small, though ancient, town, and is described by Leland as consisting of one street of mean buildings, cover- ed with thatch. Since that writer’s time, however, it has been considerably improved, particularly during the last 20 years : it is pleasantly situated, and is one of the polling- stations for the parts of Lindsey. The market is held on Tuesday, and fairs occur on Whit- Tuesday and the 8th of November : a court leet takes A L F R A L F R place annually, and petty-sessions once in every three weeks ; and under an act passed in the 47th of George III., a court of requests, for sums not exceeding £5, is held monthly, the jurisdiction of which also extends over several other towns in the .county. The parish comprises about 1000 acres of land. The living is a discharged vicarage, with Rigsby annexed, valued in the king’s books at £10, and in the patronage of the Bishop of Lincoln, the appropriator, with a net income of £122 : the church is a large structure of stone, re- paired with brick, embellished by a tower commanding very extensive views of the adjacent districts, and con- taining many ancient monuments. There are places of worship for Primitive Methodists, Baptists, Indepen- dents, and Wesley ans. The free grammar school was founded and endowed by Mr. Francis Spanning, in 1565; and its revenue has been considerably augmented by subsequent bene- factions of lands at Farlesthorpe, Thoresthorpe, Wood- thorpe, Strubby, and Cumberworth, containing in the whole 260 acres, and yielding an annual rent of £268. 18., together with the living of Saleby, the pa- tronage being vested in the governors. By a charter obtained in 1576, it was made a royal foundation, to be called The Free Grammar School of Queen Elizabeth,” and the management vested in eleven governors, who are a body corporate, and have a common seal. It has two quinquennial fellowships at Magdalene College, Cambridge ; and there is a scholarship of £6. 8. 6. per annum at Jesus’ College, Cambridge, for students from Alford, Caistor, or Louth schools 3 and children of parents residing in the parishes of Thoresthorpe, Well with Mawthorpe, Ailby, Rigsby, Bilsby, and also Farles- thorpe, and Saleby, are eligible for admission to the school. The premises consist of a substantial brick house for the master, with two commodious rooms adjoining, and a large garden in the town. A national school, in which 130 children of both sexes are in- structed, was founded by Mr. John Spendluffe, who endowed it with an estate now producing £70 per annum. Almshouses for six poor people were erected and endowed by Sir Robert Christopher, Knt., in 1 668 3 the endowment was subsequently augmented by Lord Harborough, in 1716. Richard Towthby gave some land, now yielding £12 per annum, for a school, or to the poor ; and there are several other bequests for dis- tribution among the necessitous. In the vieinity are the ruins of Hornby or Hagnaby abbey, which appears to have occupied a site of eight or nine acres. A salt spring, efficacious in scurvy, jaundice, &c., was dis- covered here in I67O. Alford confers the title of Vis- count on the familv of Brownlow. ALFORD {All Saints), a parish, in the union of WiNCANTON, hundred of Catsash, E. division of So- merset, l|- mile (W. by N.) from Castle-Cary3 con- taining 90 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, consoli- dated with that of Hornblotton by act of parliament in 1836, and valued in the king’s books at £9. 9- 9. 3 patron and incumbent, Rev. J. G. D. Thring. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £140, and there are 40 acres of glebe. At a farm-house, called Alford Well, about three-quarters of a mile from the church, is a saline chalybeate spring, now disused. ALFRETON (St. Mary), a market-town and parish, in the union of Beeper, hundred of Scarsdale, VoL. I. — 33 N. division of the county of Derby, 14 miles (N. N. E.) from Derby, and 140 (N. N. W.) from London 3 com- prising the township of Alfreton, the ville of Greenhill- Lane, the manor of Biddings with Nonville, and the hamlets of Summercotes and Swanwick 5 and con- taining 7577 inhabitants, of whom 1774 are in Alfreton township. This place, called in King Ethelred’s char- ter to Burton abbey, “ Alfredingtune,” is supposed to have derived its name from Alfred the Great, who is thought to have been its founder. The town is situated on the brow of a hill, and consists of three or four streets, with a market-place in the centre 3 the houses are irregularly built, and some of them are fine speci- mens of the ancient style of architecture. The manu- facture of stockings is carried on to a considerable extent 3 and there are large coal and iron works at Alfreton Biddings, Butterley, and Codnor Park, the produce of which is conveyed by the Erewash canal, which passes about six miles off. The market is on Friday 3 and fairs are held on Jan. 26th, Easter- Mon- day, Whit-Tuesday, July 31st, Oct. 7th, and Nov. 24th. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 18. 9.5 net income, £150 3 patron and impropriator, W. Palmer Morewood, Esq. The church is an ancient structure, in the early and later English styles, with an embattled tower crowned by pinnacles. A district church has been built at Biddings, in the parish, by subscription, aided by a grant from the Par- liamentary Commissioners 3 there is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A free school was founded in 1740, by Mrs. Elizabeth Turner, who endowed it with 48^ acres of land at Swanwick, in the parish, for the instruction of tw^eive boys and eight girls, of Swanwick and Greenhill- Lane. ALFRICK, a chapelry, in the parish of Suckley, union of Martley, Upper division of the hundred of Doddingtree, Worcester and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, 7 miles (W. by S.) from Worces- ter 3 containing 434 inhabitants. It is bounded on the north by the river Teme, and consists of 1645 acres 3 the surface is undulated, and very well wooded and watered. The tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £240 3 and there is a glebe of 2^ acres, with a property in the chapel yard. The chapel is dedicated to St. Mary. There is a free school with an endow- ment of £10 per annum. ALFRISTON (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Eastbourne, hundred of Alceston, rape of Pe- VENSEY, E. division of Sussex, 9 miles (S. E.) from Lewes 3 containing 668 inhabitants. It is bounded on the east by the Cuchmere river 3 the soil is rich and fertile, and the produce of the orchards and gardens is remarkable for quality and exuberance. The village, beautifully situated in a valley near the river, was for- merly of much greater extent than at present, and in the centre is an ancient cross, where probably a market was held. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £11. I6. 0^., and in the patron- age of the Crown 3 net income, £135 3 impropriators, the Trustees of Smith’s Charity.” The church is an ancient cruciform structure, in the decorated and later English styles, with a central tower surmounted by a spire. There is a place of worship for Independents 3 and a national school is supported by subscription. On the neighbouring downs are several barrows, in some of F A L K H A L L E which urns, spear-heads^ and other relics of antiquity- have been found. ALGARKIR.K (St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in the union of Boston, w^apentake of Kirton, parts of Holland, county of Lincoln, 6 miles (S.) from Boston 5 containing 754 inhabitants. This place derives its name from the Saxon Earl Algar, who, in 87 O, aided by his seneschals Wibert and Leofric, obtained a victory over the Danes in this neighbourhood, but was defeated and slain on the day following : a statue of stone in the churchyard is said to have been erected to his memory. The parish comprises by admeasurement 5041 acres. The living is a rectory, with Fosdyke an- nexed, valued in the king’s books at £50. 18. l|. 5 pa- tron and incumbent. Rev. Basil Beridge. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £990, and the glebe, including that of Fosdyke, comprises 500 acres. The church, which is partly in the Norman and partly in the early English style, is rich in its details, and contains monuments to the Beridge family since the time of James I. The parsonage-house has a very picturesque appearance. About £38 per annum, the amount of various bequests, is distributed among the poor, who are also eligible to the benefit of Sir Thomas Middlecott’s Hospital at Fosdyke. ALHAMPTON, a tything, in the parish of Ditcheat, hundred of Whttstone, E. division of Somerset, miles (N. W. by N.) from Castle-Cary 5 containing 386 inhabitants. There was formerly a chapel at this place. ALKERTON, a tything, in the parish of Easting- ton, union of Wheatenhurst, Lower division of the hundred of Whitstone, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 3 miles (W.) from Stroud 5 containing 1108 inhabitants. ALKERTON (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Banbury, hundred of Bloxham, county of Oxford, 6 miles (W. N. W.) from Banbury 5 comprising 691«. 24p., and containing 190 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 3. 9 . 5 net in- come, £1535 patron, J. Dent, Esq. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, by an inclo- sure act, in 1776. The church has some sculpture in the mouldings of the outer walls, representing angels scattering incense. Thomas Lydiat, the learned mathe- matician and chronologer, was born at Alkerton in the year 157^. ALKHAM (St. Anthony), a parish, in the union of Dovor, hundred of Folkestone, lathe of Shepway, E. division of Kent, 5 miles (W. by N.) from Dovor 5 containing 595 inhabitants. It comprises 3145a. ^8p., including 300 acres of woodland, and 100 of com- mon ^ the surface is hilly, and the soil chalky, except at the tops of the hills, where it is a stiff clay. The living is a vicarage, with Capel-le-Ferne annexed, valued in the king’s books at £1 1 5 net income, £15*2 3 patron and appropriator. Archbishop of Canterbury, whose tithes have been com \uted for a rent-charge of £500, and the vicarial tithes rur £213. 10. : there are 9| acres of appropriate glebe, and about 3 of vicarial. The church is partly Norman, and partly early English : the interior, w^hich has been much improved of late years, has a venerable and interesting aspect, and there are some ancient monumental stones. According to Domesday book, a church existed here in the time of Edward the Confessor. 34 ALKINGTON, a tything, in the parish, and Upper division of the hundred of Berkeley, union of Thorn- BURY, W. division of the county of Gloucester, mile (S. E.) from Berkeley 3 containing II75 inhabit- ants. The village of Newport, on the great road from Gloucester to Bristol, is situated in this tything, and is the central posting-place between those cities 5 it con- tains two good hotels and several smaller inns. There is a place of worship for Independents. ALKINGTON, a township, in the parish of Whit- church, Whitchurch division of the hundred of North Bradford, N. division of Salop, 2 miles (S. by W.) from Whitchurch. ALKMONTON, a tovrnship, in the parish of Long- ford, hundred of Appletree, S. division of the county of Derby, 5f miles (S. by E.) from Ashbourn 3 con- taining 102 inhabitants. There was anciently an hospital dedicated to St. Leonard, between this place and Hungry-Bentley, in the same parish, to which Walter Blount, Lord Mountjoy, was a benefactor, in 1474. The tithes have been commuted for rent-charges amounting to £54. 15., of which £28. 15. are payable to the rector, and £26 to the vicar, of Longford. ALKRINGTON, a township, in the parish of Old- ham-cum-Prestwich, union of Oldham, hundred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 4j miles {N. N. E.) from Manchester 3 containing 338 in- habitants. The tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £40. ALLCANNINGS (St. Anne), a parish, in the union of Devizes, hundred of Swanborough, Devizes and N. divisions of Wilts, 5f miles (E.) from Devizes 3 com- prising the chapelry of Etchilhampton and the tythings of Allington and Fullaway, and containing 851 inhabit- ants. On the downs is St. Anne’s hill, on which a large fair for sheep and horses is held on the 6th of August. The Kennet and Avon canal affords facility for the conveyance of goods. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £31. 16. 10|., and in the gift of Lord Ashburton : the tithes, including those of Etchilhampton, have been commuted for a rent- charge of £1204. 5., and the glebe comprises 36 acres. The church is an ancient structure in the Norman style. There is a chapel of ease at Etchilhampton 3 and a national school is supported by subscription. Miss Anne Lavington, in 1828, bequeathed £500, the interest to be distributed among the poor at Christmas. ALLEN, ST. (St. Alleyn), a parish, in the union of Truro, W. division of the hundred of Powder and of Cornwall, 4 miles (N. by W.) from Truro 3 contain- ing 652 inhabitants. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 13. 4. 3 patron. Bishop of Exeter 3 impropriator, Earl of Falmouth. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £265, and the vicarial for £147 3 and there are 95 acres of glebe. The parish contains a Danish encampment. ALLENDALE, a market-town and parish, in the union of Hexham, S. division of Tindale ward and of Northumberland, 7 miles (S.) from Haydon Bridge, 9f miles (S. W. by W.) from Hexham, and 286 (N. N. W.) from London 5 comprising the grieveships of Allendale town. Broadside, Catton, High and Low Forest, Keenly, Park, and West Allen High and Low 3 and containing 5729 inhabitants. The town, which includes 1217 per- sons, is irregularly built on an acclivity gradually rising ALLS A L L E % from the eastern bank of the river Allen^ over which a bridge was erected in 1825. The market is on Friday 3 the fairs are held on the Friday before the 11th of May, the 22nd of Angnst, and the first Friday after the fes- tival of St. Luke, for horses, cattle, and sheep 5 and a cattle show, which has been established within the last few years, is annnally held. In the market-place are the ruins of a cross. This very extensive parish derives its name from the river Allen, a small but rapid stream which rises in the hamlet of Allenheads, in East Allen, and Coalcleugh, in West Allen, and falls into the river Tyne about three miles to the west of Haydon Bridge, where is a station of the Newcastle and Carlisle railway. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in the lead-mines, which are on a large scale, producing upwards of 3500 tons of lead annually 3 there are several works for grind- ing and washing the ore, and two extensive smelting- houses, one having an horizontal chimney 2 J miles long, with a terminus upwards of 780 feet above the ground floor of the mill, and the other a chimney 1-| mile in length, and 700 feet above the ground floor 3 in one of these smelting-houses twenty-one tons pass through the furnace weekly, from which a considerable quantity of silver is separated. Limestone is extensively quarried, and there are also numerous quarries of stone of good quality for building. The LIVING is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £130 3 patron, T.W. Beaumont, Esq. 3 impropriators, T.W. Beau- mont, Esq., and others. The church is of stone, rebuilt in I8O7. Within the parish also are four chapels, in the gift of the incumbent of Allendale, viz. St. Peter’s, rebuilt in 1825, a perpetual curacy, of which the net in- come is £74 3 the chapel at Nine- Banks, partially rebuilt about 1816, a perpetual curacy, with an income of £124 3 the chapel at the Carr Shield, or West Allen High chapel, built in 1822, also a perpetual curacy, of which the income is £109 3 and that of Allenheads, described under its proper head. There are places of worship for the Society of Friends and Wesleyans. A free school for the children of parishioners is endowed with two tenements, bequeathed by William Hutchinson in 1692, producing a rental of £24 3 and with other premises and thirty-two acres of land, in Broadside, purchased with a legacy of Christopher Wilkinson in I7OO, and yielding £38 per annum. There are also various other schools, connected with the different places of worship in the parish 3 and the curates of West Allen High and Allen- heads chapels are obliged to teach the miners’ children for 1«. Qd. per quarter each, in consideration of certain annual payments of bs. from each miner of one descrip- tion, and 9,s. 6d. from those of another, which they re- ceive as ministers of the respective chapels. Various small sums, the principal of which is an annuity of £10 from Shield’s charity, are distributed annually among the poor. There are several chalybeate springs in the parish, and at a place called Old Town, about three miles to the north-west, are vestiges of an ancient intrenchment, of a square form, supposed to be Ro- man. ALLENHEADS, a hamlet (formerly a distinct pa- rish), in the parish of Allendale, S. division of Tin- dale ward and of Northumberland, 17 miles (S. S. W.) from Hexham : the population is returned with that of Allendale. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £4. 8. 1^. 3 present net in- 35 come, £50 3 patron, incumbent of Allendale 3 impro- priators, T. W. Beaumont, Esq., and others. The chapel was rebuilt by Col. Beaumont, in 1826, on the site of one erected in I7OI by Sir William Blackett, for the religious duties of the miners, who at that time attended prayers every morning at six o’clock : it is now con- sidered a domestic chapel, and near it is a good house for the minister, occupied by the incumbent of St. Peter’s, described in the preceding article, who officiates in both chapels. There are several veins of lead-ore in the neighbourhood, which are worked to a considerable extent. ALLEN SFORD, a hamlet, in the parish of Shot- ley, union of Hexham, E. division of Tindale ward, S. division of Northumberland, 13 miles (S. E.) from Hexham. This place is on the north side of the river Derwent, over which is a stone bridge. ALLEN SHORE {St. Andrew), a parish, in the hundred of Webtree, union and county of Hereford, 4 miles (S. W.) from Hereford 3 containing 668 inhabit- ants. The parish is intersected by the road from Here- ford to Monmouth, and consists of 1820 acres, the sur- facebeing generally level, with an ample proportion of timber. The living is a discharged vicarage, rated in the king’s books at £5. 12. 6., and endowed with £400 royal bounty 3 patron, the Dean of Hereford. The ap- propriate tithes have been commuted for two rent- charges, each of £125, one payable to the Dean, and the other to the Dean and Chapter of Hereford 3 the vicarial tithes have been commuted for £175^^ and a rent charge of £7. 6. is paid to impropriators. There are 30 acres of glebe. A school was established in 1824. ALLENTON, or Allwinton {St. Michael) , a parish, in the union of Roth bury, W. division of Coquetdale ward, N. division of Northumberland 5 comprising the townships of Allenton, Biddleston, Bor- rowdon, Clennell, Fairhaugh, Farnham, Linbriggs, Ne- therton. North and South sides. Peals, and Sharperton 3 and containing 1255 inhabitants, of whom 78 are in the township of Allenton, 19 miles (W. by S.) from Alnwick. The parish is of great extent, stretching from the parish of Rothbury to Scotland, and. 20 miles from east to west 3 and consists almost entirely of porphyritic moun- tains, presenting very abrupt elevations, covered with short thick grass, valuable for rearing sheep. The river Coquet rises within its limits, and here pursues a winding course through^ a very narrow valley, the moun- tains rising in many parts almost perpendicularly from its bed : it is joined by the Alwine, which gives name to the parish. Two fairs are held at Harbottle, in Hally- stone, chiefly for wool and sheep, in July and September. The living is a vicarage not in charge, with the curacy of Hallystone annexed 3 net income, £130, with a glebe- house recently built 3 patron, Duke of Northumberland 3 impropriators, Thomas Clennell, Esq., and others. The church is an ancient edifice, but has been greatly dis- figured by repairs. At Harbottle is a Presbyterian meeting-house 3 also a national school for the instruc- tion of the poor, which is endowed with £18 per annum, arising from the produce of the sale of a mes- suage in Newcastle, amounting to £400, bequeathed by William Dixon in 1806. Here was formerly an hospital belonging to the convent at Hallystone 3 and on the south side of the Coquet are vestiges of an old structure, called Barrow Peel, to the west of which is Ridlee Cairn F 2 A L L E A L L E # Hillj supposed to have been burial-places of the ancient road between York and Market- Weigh ton. The living Britons, Throughout the district are numerous other is annexed to the vicarage of Thornton : the appro- remains of the Britons, consisting of encampments, priate tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of cromlechs, &c., and at Chew green, near the Scottish £246. 2. 6., and the vicarial for one of £7S. 12. 3 and border, are the remains of a very extensive Roman there are a glebe-house and 3 acres of glebe. In the station, the next to the north from Bremenium, High church is a very fine font. A school is endowed with Rochester. £9 per annum, the interest of £200 bequeathed by Mr. ALLER, a hamlet, in the parish of Hilton, union of Blandford, hundred of Whiteway, Blandford divi- sion of Dorset 5 containing 91 inhabitants. ALLER {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Langford, hundred of Somerton, W. division of Somerset, 6^ miles (W.) from Somerton ; containing 559 inhabitants. Guthrum, the Danish chief, received baptism at this place, under the sponsorship of Alfred the Great, after the victory obtained by that monarch over the Danes at Ethandune. Aller Moor was the scene of a battle between the royalists and the parliamentarians in 1644. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £36. 15., and in the gift of Emanuel College, Cambridge : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £590, and the glebe comprises 66 acres. A national school has been built. Dr. Raljph Cudworth, author of The Intellectual Syste^n of the Universe,” was born here in I617. ALLERBY, or Alwardby, with Oughterside, a township, in the parish of Aspatria, union of Cocker- mouth, Allerdale ward below Derwent, and county of Cumberland, 7 miles (N. N. W.) from Cockermouth ; containing 555 inhabitants. ALLERFORD, a tything, in the parish of Sel- WORTHY, union of Williton, hundred of Carhampton, W. division of Somerset 5 containing 181 inhabitants. ALLERSTON {St. Mary), a parish, in the union and lythe of Pickering, N. riding of the county of York, 5 miles (E.‘ by S.) from Pickering ; containing 414 inhabitants. The parish comprises by measure- ment 9110 acres, of which about 4800 are arable and pasture, 240 wood and plantations, and the remainder large tracts of moor abounding with peat and turf : the surface is varied, and in some parts mountainous, and the lands on the south side, which are low, are fre- quently overflowed by the Derwent. Coal is supposed to exist, but has not been wrought. The village is situated at the foot of the moors of Pickering forest, and on the northern verge of the fertile marshes of the vale of Derwent. The living has bee'h united to the vicarage of Ebberston since 1242 : the church is an ancient edi- fice, with a lofty square tower. A national school was erected in 1839, under the auspices of the vicar, and is supported by subscription, aided by a donation of £14 per annum from George Osbaldiston, Esq,, the lord of the manor. ALLERTHORPE, a parish, in the union of Pock- lington, Wilton-Beacon division of the wapentake of Harthill, E. riding of York; containing, with the townships of Allerthorpe and Waplington, 199 inhabit- ants, of whom 154 are in the township of Allerthorpe, 1^ mile (S. W. by W.) from Pocklington. The general surface of the parish is flat and well wooded, and it con- sists of 1543«. Ir. 33p., of which about 67O acres are arable, 420 meadow or pasture, and 450 common land, tithe-free ; the soil is of a light and various quality, but chiefly sandy. On the east the parish is bounded by the Pocklington canal, and it is also contiguous to the 36 John Hart. ALLERTHORPE, with Swainby, a township, in the parish of Pickhill, union of Bedale, wapentake of Hallikeld, N. riding of York, 5 miles (E. S. E.) from Bedale; containing 31 inhabitants. Helewise, daughter of Ranulph de Glanville, founded a priory here for canons of the Praemonstratensian order, which was removed to Coverham in 1215. Allerthorpe Hall was for some time the residence of Mrs. Elizabeth Montague. ALLERTON, a township, in the parish of Child- wall, union and hundred of West Derby, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 5j miles (S. E.) from Liverpool; containing 443 inhabitants. The appro- priate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £228. 3. 8., payable to the Bishop of Chester, and the vicarial for one of £42. 17. 6. Adjoining the farm on which stands the famous Allerton oak, is a supposed Druidical monument, called Calder Stones, ip digging around which, more than sixty years since, urns of the coarsest clay, containing human bones, w^ere found. ALLERTON, a township, and, with Wilsden, an ecclesiastical district, in the parish and union of Brad- ford, wapentake of Morley, W. riding of York, 4 miles (W. N.W.) from Bradford ; containing 1914 inhabit- ants. This township, which is part of the ancient manor of Allerton-cum -Wilsden, comprises by measurement I872 acres, of which a very considerable portion of waste has, under the provisions of an act of parliament, obtained in 1840, by Mrs. Ferrand, the lady of the manor, in concurrence with the principal freeholders, been inclosed, and is rapidly coming into profitable cul- tivation. Of the land, about 1100 acres are meadow^ and pasture, 550 arable, and 40 wood and plantations ; the soil is not unfertile, and the substratum is chiefly coal and freestone of good quality ; the surface is varied, and the scenery in many parts pleasingly picturesque. There are several ancient mansions, formerly the seats of dis- tinguished families, of which Crossley, Shuttleworth, and Allerton halls, are still remaining ; and Dean House, the asylum of the celebrated Oliver Heywood, during the times of the Tudors and Stuarts, is now divided into several tenements. The township consists chiefly of scattered houses, and the inhabitants are principally employed in the worsted manufacture, and in the coal- mines and quarries. The church was erected in 1823 ; and there are places of worship for General Baptists, Independents, and Wesleyans. ALLERTON-BYWATER, a township, in the parish of Kippax, Lower division of the wapentake of Skyrack, W. riding of York, 4f miles (N. W.) from Pontefract; containing 490 inhabitants. This place comprises about 870 acres, and is situated af the confluence of the rivers Aire and Calder, where extensive wharfs and stations have been constructed by the Aire and Calder Com- pany : part of the houses near the bridge form a suburb of Castleford. Large glass-works have been established. The tithes were commuted for land and a money pay- ment, by an inclosure act, in 1803. ALLE A L L E ALLERTON, CHAPEL, a parish, in the union of Axbridoe, hundred of Bempstone, E. division of Somerset, S miks (S.) from Cross y containing 331 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 8.. 4. 5 net income, £^223 ; patrons^ Dean and Chapter of Wells. There are 15 acres of glebe. The church is a small edifice, and was formerly a chapel to Wedmore. ALLERTON, CHAPEL, W. riding of the county of York. — See Chapel-Aleerton. ALLERTON-MAULEVERER (St. Martin), a pa^ rish, in the Upper division of the wapentake of Claro, W. riding of York, 4^, miles (E.) from Knaresborough 3 containing 277 inhabitants, of whom 258 are in the township of Allerton-Mauleverer with Hopperton. This place obtained its distinguishing name from the family of Mauleverer, one of whom^ named Richard,^ in the reign of Henry II., founded here an Alien priory of Benedictine monks, the revenue of which was given by Henry VI. to King’s College, Cambridge. The parish is wholly the property of Lord Stourton, and comprises 2170 acres, of which 1180 are arable, 820 meadow and pas- ture, and 170 woodland and plantations. The mansion, which, with the estate, was purchased by his lordship’s father for £163,800, is a handsome structure, in the Grecian style 3 and attached to it is a neat Roman Catholic chapel. The village is pleasantly situated about half a mile from the great north road between London and Edinburgh. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income,, £65 3 patron. Lord Stourton. The church is an ancient cruciform structure. A school, attended by thirty children of both sexes, chiefly of Catholic parents, is supported by Lady Stourton. The late Duke of York resided here in I786, 1787, arid 1789. ALLERTON, NORTH {All Saints), a borough, market-town, and parish, and the head of a union, in the wapentake and liberty of Allertonshire, N. riding of York 3 comprising the chapelries of Brompton, Deighton, and High Worsall^ and the townships of Ro- manby and North Allerton 3 and containing 5273 inha- bitants, of whom 3092 are in the town, including the extra-parochial liberty of Lazenby, 32 miles (N. W. by N.) from York, and 224 (N. N. W.) from London. This place, which was a Roman station, and subsequently a Saxon borough, is in Domesday book called Alvevtune and Alreton, the prefix having been applied to distinguish it from Allerton-Mauleverer. It was greatly injured, if not destroyed, by Beornredus, or Earnredus, who, in 769, having invaded the kingdom of Northumberland, with a view to usurp the throne, burnt the town of Catterick, about eight miles distant. William Rufus gave the town, with the lands adjacent, to the see of Durham, and, under the patronage of the bishops of that diocese, it grew into importance, and became an episco- pal residence. At Cowton Moor, about three miles from the town, and within the parish, the celebrated battle of the Standard was fought, in 1138, between the English, commanded by Ralph, Bishop of the Orkney Islands, Walter lEspee, and William d’ Albemarle, and the Scots, led on by their king, David, who had ravaged the country as far as York, in which the latter were de- feated, with the loss of 11,000 men : the spot on which the standard was erected is still called Standard Hill, and the holes into which the dead were thrown, the 37 Scots’ Bits. About 1174, Henry II. ordered the episco- pal palace, supposed to have been built by Geoffrey, Bishop of Durham, and which had been strongly fortified by Bishop Fudsey, to be demolished 3, it was afterwards rebuilt, and again destroyed. Traces of the foundation are still visible on the western side of the town. In 1318, the Scots plundered and burnt the town. During the civil war, Charles I., in one of his journeys to Scot-, land, lodged here in an old mansion, called the Porch- house 3 and in the rebellion of 1745, the English army, under the Duke of Cumberland, encamped on the Castle hills. The TOWN is pleasantly situated close to the line of the Great Northern railway, and consists chiefly of one spacious street, half a mile in length, partially paved, and containing some good houses 3 it has long given name to a district called Allertonshire, now constituting the wapentake and liberty. The principal branches of manufacture are those of tanning and the currying of leather 3 and hand-loom linen weaving is carried on at Brompton. The market is on Wednesday ; and fairs are held on Feb. 14th, Sept. 5th and 6th, Oct. 3rd and 4th, and the second Wednesday in the latter month, The borough, town, and township are all distinct : the borough,, which exists by prescription, first exercised the elective franchise in the 26th of Edward I., but made no subsequent return till I64Q3 since which time, till the 2nd William IV., it regularly sent two members to par- liament, but was thenceforward destined to return only one. The right of election was formerly vested in the proprietors of ancient burgage houses,, in number about two hundred and ten, but is now extended to the £10 householders of the townships of North Allerton and Romanby, and the chapelry of Brompton, which, by the act of the 2nd and 3rd of William IV. cap. 64, were made to constitute the new borough, comprising 8693 acres, of which 3150 are in North Allerton township : the returning officer is a bailiff, appointed by the Bishop of Ripon, who is high-bailiff of the whole shire or liberty, and lord of the manor of North Allerton. The general quarter-sessions for the North riding are held here, as directed by the act of the 1st of William IV. cap. 70 3 and there is a weekly meeting of the county magistrates. The sessions- house is an elegant building, erected about 1790 3 annexed to it is a house of correction, on the plan of Mr. Howard, containing thirty cells. To the west of the sessions-house is the registrar’s office for the North riding, where the Bishop of Ripon holds his courts. The parish comprises an extensive and fertile district stretching sixteen miles from north to south, and between three and four from east to west 3 it is bounded on the west by the river Wiske, and intersected by the Sun-, beck and the North-beck 3 the surface is flat, except on the west, where it is hilly, and the soil near the town is a good loam. The eiying is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £17 3 net income, £697 *• patrons. Dean and Chapter of Durham 3 impropriators. Miss Pierse and others : the glebe attached to the benefice comprises about 200 acres. The church is a spacious cruciform structure, in the Norman and later English styles, with a square tower rising from the centre, and crowned with pinnacles at the angles. There are chapels of ease at Brompton and Deighton, both ancient buildings 3 also places of worship for Independents and Wesley ans. The free grammar (now the parochial) school is of royal ALLE A L L I foundation : it has a small endowment, arising from a bequest by Elizabeth Raine, in 1737 also an interest in five scholarships, founded by Bishop Cosins, at Peter House, Cambridge, in a failure of applicants from the school at Durham ; and has likewise a contingent inter- est in twelve exhibitions to Lincoln College, Oxford, founded by Lord Crewe. The school-house was rebuilt in 1777. Dr. W. Palliser, Archbishop of Cashel 5 Dr. George Hi ekes, Dean of Worcester, and author of the Thesaurus Septentrionalium Linguarum Dr. Thomas Burnet, master of the Charter-House, London ; Rymer, editor of the Fcedera ,* Dr. RadclifFe 5 and the Rev, John Kettlewell, were educated here, A national school for boys and girls, established in 1787:, is partly supported by subscription. An hospital, or Maison de Dieu, was founded in 1476, by Richard de Moore, a draper in the town, for thirteen poor people : it has been rebuilt at the expense of the inhabitants, but the number of inmates is reduced to four. The Rev. John Kettlewell, of St. Andrew’s, Holborn, bequeathed, in 1694, an estate in the township of Brompton, called Low Moor Farm, comprising eighty-three acres, and yielding a rental of £70, of which £40 are applied in support of the national schools here and at Brompton, and the residue is laid out in clothing and medicine for the poor of those places. The union of North Allerton comprises 44 parishes and places, and contains a population of 1^,575. There are some remains of a monastery of Carmelites, founded by Thomas Hatfield, Bishop of Durham, about the year 1354, and dedicated to St. Mary ^ and the site of St. James’s hospital, about a mile from the town, the revenue of which, at the dissolution, was £58. 10. 10., is still visible. It is also on record that, in the 14th of Edward III., William de Alverton gave the x\ugustine friars eight acres of ground, in the town, on which to erect a church and habitation. Vestiges of a military road leading from Alby, the Derventio of the Romans, through the town to Catterick may be traced. Edmund Guest, Bishop of Salisbury, almoner to Queen Eliza- beth, was born here. North Allerton, in the reign of Anne, gave the title of Viscount to the Elector of Han- over, afterwards George I. ALLESLEY, or Awesley (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Meriden, Kirkby division of the hun- dred of Kntghtlow, N. division of the county of War- wick, miles (N. W. by W.) from Coventry j contain- ing 9b3 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 4242 acres, in good cultivation*, the surrounding scenery is pleasingly varied, and the village is neatly built. Sand- stone is quarried for rough building purposes. Fairs are held for cattle in February, March, June, August, September, October, and December. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £17. 18. 9- 5 pa- tron and incumbent. Rev. W. T. Bree. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £786, and the glebe comprises nearly 40 acres. The church is an ancient structure in the early and later Norman styles, with modern additions in bad taste. There is a free school for boys, towards the support of which Mrs. Flint, in 1705, gave by deed a small portion of land, and a house for the residence of the master ; and another school, for girls, is supported by subscription. Vestiges of an ancient castle are discernible in the parish, ALLESTREE (St, Andrew), a parish, in the union of Beeper, hundred of Morleston and Litchurch, 38 S. division of the county of Derby, 2 miles, (N.) from Derby j containing 507 inhabitants. The parish is situ- ated on the river Derwent and the road from Derby to Bakewell and Manchester, and comprises 1030 acres, of which 900 are pasture, SO arable, and 50 woodland ; the soil is a loam and marl. The living is a perpetual curacy, united to the vicarage of Mackworth : the church is an ancient structure, containing several monuments of the Munday family, and having 300 sit- tings, all free. There is a place of worship for Wesley- ans ; and schools are partly supported by subscription. ALLEXTON. — See Alexton. ALLHALLOWS, a parish, in the union of Wigton, Allerdale ward below Derwent, W. division of Cum- berland, 6f miles (S. W. by S.) from Wigtoii ; com- prising by admeasurement I860 acres, and containing 235 inhabitants. This place, which was anciently a chapelry in the parish of Aspatria, is bounded on the south by the river Ellen, and contains some quarries of freestone and limestone, and a vein of coal of inferior quality. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £80 5 patron and appropriator. Bishop of Carlisle. The tithes were partially commuted for land, under an inclo- sure act, in 18 17. A little southward of Whitehall is an intrenchment, twenty-eight yards square, surrounded by a ditch. ALLHALLOWS, a parish, in the union and hun- dred of Hoo, lathe of Aylesford, W. division of Kent, 9 miles (N. E.) from Rochester j containing 268 inha- bitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 7. 1 1-, and in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Rochester : the appropriate tithes, belonging to the Dean and Chapter, have been commuted for a rent- charge of £620, with a glebe of 11 acres, and those of the incumbent for one of £185, with a glebe of 39 acres. The river Thames bounds this parish on the north. ALDINGTON (St. S with in), a parish, in the union of Bridport, hundred of Godderthorne, Bridport division of Dorset, f of a mile (N. W.) from Bridport 5 containing 1545 inhabitants. This parish, formerly a chapelry in that of Bridport, comprises 582a. 3r. 5p., of which 281 acres are arable, 249 pasture, and 51 home- steads. The river Brid, or Birt, runs through the locality, which may be considered as a continuation of the town of Bridport, and is within the limits of the borough. Great quantities of hemp and flax are raised in the vicinity, and a manufacture of home and sail cloth is carried on, which affords employment to a considerable number of persons. A fair for cheese and pedlery is held on the first Wednesday in August. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the Rev. Henry Fox : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £190. The church is a modern edifice in the Grecian style, erected in 1827, and contains 800 sittings, of which 400 are free. Two closes of land, containing thirty acres, are vested in trustees for the benefit of the poor in the almshouses of this parish and Charmouth. An hospital for lepers, dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene, was founded here, which, at the dissolution in 1553, was valued at £7. 8. 4. An ancestor of the celebrated John Wesley was ejected from the ministry of Allington as a non-juror. ALLINGTON (St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union of Mauling, hundred of Larkfield, lathe of ALLI ALME Aylesford, W. division of Kent, if mile (N. N. W.) from Maidstone 5 containing 49 inhabitants. It is situated on the western side of the Medway, nearly opposite Aylesford. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 16. 8.; net income, £145, with a glebe-house, recently built 5 patron, Earl of Romney. Sir Thomas Wyatt, a distinguished poet in the reign of Henry VIII., was born at Allington Castle, the remains of which have been converted into a farm-house. ALLINGTON, a tything, in the parish and union of South Stoneham, hundred of Mansbridge, South- ampton and S. divisions of the county of Southamp- ton j containing 536 inhabitants. ALLINGTON, a parish, in the union and hundred of Amesbury, Salisbury and Amesbury, and S. divisions of Wilts, miles (E. S. E.) from Amesbury j contain- ing 94 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14. 13. 4.3 net income, £236 3 patron, Earl of Craven. ALLINGTON, a tything, in the parish, union, and hundred of Chippenham, Chippenham and Caine, and N. divisions of Wilts, miles (N. W. by W.) from Chippenham. ALLINGTON, a tything, in the parish of Allcan- nings, union of Devizes, hundred of Swanborough, Devizes and N. divisions of Wilts, 4 miles (E. N. E.) from Devizes 3 containing 188 inhabitants. The tithes belong to the Dean and Canons of Westminster. There is a place of worship for a congregation of Particular Baptists. ALLINGTON, EAST (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Kingsbridge, hundred of Stanborough, Stanborough and Coleridge, and S. divisions of Devon, 3 | miles (N. E. by N.) from Kingsbridge 3 containing 729 inhabitants, and comprising 2348 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £32. 2. 1., and in the patronage of Mrs. Fortescue : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £485, and the glebe consists of 80 acres. In the church is a wooden screen, which, with the pulpit, is much enriched with carved work. ALLINGTON, EAST (St. James), a parish, in the union of Newark, wapentake of Winnibriggs and Threo, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 5 miles (N. W.) from Grantham 5 containing 276 inhabitants. The living is consolidated with a mediety of the rectory of Sedgebrook, to the incumbent of which an allotment of land was given as a commutation for the tithes of the manor, by an inclosure act, in 1793. ALLINGTON, WEST, Devon. — See Alvington, M^est. ALLINGTON, WEST (Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Newark, wapentake of Winnibriggs and Threo, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 5^ miles (N. W. by W.) from Grantham 3 containing 120 inhabitants. In this parish is the seat of T. Earle M^el- by. Esq., a handsome edifice, partly in the Elizabethan style, and commanding a distant view of Boston and the city of Lincoln- The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £3. 13. ll|., and in the patronage of the Crown 5 net income, £262. ALLITHWAITE, LOWER, a township, in the parish of Cartmel, union of Ulverstone, hundred of Lonsdale, north of the Sands, N. division of the countv 39 of Lancaster, 2 miles (S.) from Cartmel 3 containing 8O7 inhabitants. ALLITHWAITE, UPPER, a township, in the parish of Cartmel, union of Ulverstone, hundred of Lons- dale, north of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 3:^ miles (N. E.) from Cartmel 3 containing 740 inhabitants. ALLONBY, a chapelry, in the parish of Bromfield, union of Wigton, Allerdale ward below Derwent, W. division of Cumberland, 9 miles (N. N. W.) from Cockermouth 3 containing 811 inhabitants. The vil- lage, comprising about 200 houses, is situated on the coast of Allonby bay, which opens to the Solway Firth and the Irish Sea, and.is much frequented as a bathing- place, the sands being extremely smooth and firm. It was noted for a herring fishery, but this has greatly de- clined, owing to the herrings having almost totally de- serted the neighbouring sea 3 a few of the inhabitants are, however, still occupied in fishing. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £94 3 patron. Vicar of Bromfield. The chapel, dedicated to Christ, was built at the expense of Dr. Thomlinson *and some relatives, in 17443 and a school was endowed in 1755, by Mrs. Thomlinson, his relict, with £100, since laid out in land producing £8 per annum. There is a place of worship for the Society of Friends. Six cottages, forming the wings of a dwelling-house erected by Thomas Richard- son, Esq., of Stamford Hill, London, a. native of this place, are appropriated as rent-free residences to as many poor families. Captain Joseph Huddart, F.R.S., an eminent naval engineer and hydrographer, was born here in 1741, and in the chapel is a handsome monu- ment erected to his memory, at a cost of £500. ALLOSTOCK, a township, in the parish of Great Budworth, union and hundred of Northwich, S. division of the county of Chester, 5 miles (S. by W.) from Nether Knutsford 3 containing 427 inhabitants. There is a place of worship for Unitarians. The children of all persons in this township who rent property under the value of £10 per annum are entitled to instruction at the parochial school of Lower Peover. ALLOWENSHAY, a hamlet, in the parish of Kings- ton, union of Chard, hundred of Tintinhull, W. division of Somerset 3 containing 212 inhabitants. ALLSTONEFIELD. — See Alstonfield. ALLTON, with Idridgehay, a township, in the pa- rish of Wirksworth, union of Belper, hundred of Appletree, S. division of the county of Derby, 3^ miles (S.) from Wirksworth 3 containing 194 inhabit- ants. ALLWINTON.— See Allenton. ALMELEY (St. Mary), a parish, partly in the hundred of Wolphy, but chiefly in that of Stretford, union of Weobley, county of Hereford, 4^ miles (S. E.) from Kington, near the road to Hereford 3 con- taining 642 inhabitants. It comprises 3352 acres, of which 1500 are meadow and pasture, 1300 arable, knd 552 woodland ; the surface is undulated and extensively wooded 3 and the soil, for the most part, is a sandy loam, having a wet sub-soil of marl and clay. A tram railway for the conveyance of coal from Brecon to Kington passes through the parish. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. I7. 11. 5 patron and appropriator. Bishop of Hereford. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of » A L M O A L M O £300, and the vicarial for £207. 10. 5 the appropriate glebe contains 19 ^ and the vicarial 55, acres. The church is partly in the Norman, and partly in the English style. About three-quarters of a mile north-west of it there was probably once a castle, part of the ditch, &c., being traceable, and the farm there called Old Castle^ and near the church are two tumuli. Sir John Old- castle, Lord Cobbam, executed in 1417 for his attach- ment to the Lollards, was a native of the parish. ALMER ^{St, Mary), a parish, in the uninn of Blandford, hundred of Loosebarrow, Winbourn di- vision of Dorset, 5j miles (S. S. E.) from Blandford- Forum 5 containing, with the hamlet of Mapperton, 1S9 inhabitants. It comprises 1129 acres of land, present- ing a flat appearance, and the soil of which is light, with a chalk and gravel bottom. The living is a rectory, valued in the king s books at £13. 5. 8 ., and in the pa- tronage of Mrs. Drax 5 net income, £284. The glebe consists of 35 acres. ,The church is a small edifice, re- built by General Erie. There is a school in connexion with the National Society. ALMHOLME, a hamlet, in the parish of Arksey, union of Doncaster, N. division of the wapentake of Strafforth and Tiokhill, W. riding of York, 3 miles (N. by E.) from Doncaster 3 containing 69 inhabitants. The term holme or holnies is a generic name for low and level pasture lands near water, which is descriptive of the neighbourhood of this place. The hamlet is situ- ated in the north-eastern extremity of the parish 3 the river Don runs a little on the east, and on the north flows a tributary to that river. ALMINGTON, a township, in the parish of Dray- ton-in-Hales, union of Market-Drayton, N. division of the hundred of Pirehill and of the county of Staf- ford, 1^ mile (E. by N.) from Drayton 3 containing 189 inhabitants. ALMINGTON, with Stone- Delph, a township, in the parish and union of Tamworth, Tamworth division of the hundred of Hemlingford, N. division of the county of Warwick, 2f miles (E.) from Tamworth 3 containing 276 inhabitants, and comprising 2191 acres. It is intersected by the river Anker, the Coventry canal, and the road from Tamworth to Ashby-de-la-Zouch. ALMODINGTON, a hamlet (formerly a parish), in the parish of Earnley, union of West Hampnett, hundred of Manhood, rape of Chichester, W. divi- sion of Sussex, 6 miles (S. W. by S.) from Chichester. The living, a rectory, was consolidated, in 1524, with that of Earnley ; and the chapel has fallen into ruins. ALMONDBURY {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Huddersfield, Upper division of the wapen- take of Agbrigg, W. riding of York, if mile (S. E.) from Huddersfield, on the old road to Sheffield 3 com- prising the townships of Almondbury, Austonley, Cros- land South, Farnley-Tyas, Holme, Honley, Lingards, Linthwaite, Lockwood, Marsden, Meltham, Nether- Thong, and Upper Thong 3 and the hamlets of Berry- brow, Crosland Moor, Deanhouse, Meltham Mills, Long- ley, Lowerhouses, Netherton, and Rashcliffe 3 and con- taining 37j315 inhabitants, of whom 8828 are in the township of Almondbury. According to Camden, this was the Cembodunum of Antoninus, the site of which was on the summit of a neighbouring hill, where there are still some vestiges of a rampart and the remains of a fortification 3 but some later writers are of opinion 40 that these are Saxons remains, as no Roman relics have ever been found, and there are no ancient roads leading to it. The same author states that in the early Saxon times it was a royal vill, and had a church, built by Paulinus, and dedicated to St. Alban, from which cir- cumstance the name Albanbury, since softened into Almondbury. This church is supposed to have been afterwards burnt in the war between Pen da. King of Mercia, and Edwin of Northumbria, the latter of whom had a palace here 3 and it appears that no church from that period was known till after the year 1 € 90 , when the manor came into the possession of the Lacy family, of whom Alice de Lacy and her son Henry, presented to the rectory in 1187 , prior to which time a church had been erected most probably by Gilbert de Lacy, the first lord. The inhabitants of this populous and extensive district are principally engaged in the manufacture of fancy goods and woollen cloth, for which there are nu- merous establishments. The parish comprises 26,055a. Sr. S7p. 3 there are several coal-mines, and the produce of some stone-quarries is chiefly applied to building purposes. In the 39th of George III. an act was passed for inclosing the waste lands in the townships of North Crosland and Honley 3 in the 9 th of George IV. one for reclaiming those in the townships of Austonley and Upper Thong 3 and in 1830 similar acts were passed for Meltham and Nether-Thong : in 1837 an act was procured for making and maintaining certain reservoirs in the parish. Fairs are held annually on Easter and Whit-Mondays, and on Nov. 23rd for swine and cattle. The LIVING is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 20 . 7 * 11 . ; net income, £250 3 patrons and impro- priators, Governors of Clitheroe school, to whom the rectory, &c., were given by the crown at the dissolu- tion, previously to which they had belonged to the Col- lege of Jesus, at Rotherham : there are I 6 acres of glebe, with a good vicarage- house, rebuilt about 1774. The church, an ancient and venerable structure, erected on the site of the original church in 1552, and which had fallen into a state of general dilapidation, was, in 1840, through the spirited efforts of a few of the inhabitants, thoroughly repaired and completely restored, with the most scrupulous regard to the preservation of its pris- tine character, and is one of the most beautiful churches in the West riding 3 many of the elegant windows which had been long concealed, were opened 3 and the beau- tiful screen that divided the chancel from the nave, and which was almost entirely destroyed, was perfectly re- stored. At the end of the north aisle is a chapel belong- ing to the Earl of Dartmouth, and at the extremity of the south aisle one belonging to the Beaumont family ; there are two oak chests of great antiquity richly carved 3 and round the upper part of the walls, close to the ceil- ing, are some verses in Saxon characters : in the north and south walls of the chancel are some portions of the original church incorporated in the present edifice. There are also churches at Holme Bridge, Crosland, Farnley-Tyas, Linthwaite, Meltham, Lockwood, Mars- den, Nether-Thong, and Honley 3 that at Farnley built by the Earl of Dartmouth in 1840 : and within the township of Almondbury are two places of worship for Wesleyan Methodists, and one for the New Connexion. A free grammar school was founded by letters -patent of James 1., of which the annual income amounts to £91, arising from lands and rent- charges demised by Robert A L N E A LN H Nettleton and other benefactors 5 and there is also a national school for 150 children. In 17^4^ Israel Wor- mall bequeathed land, the produce of which he directed to be applied towards instructing and apprenticing chil- dren of this place 5 and the poor of Almondbury have property yielding a considerable rental, which is appro- priated to their relief. ALMONDSBURY {St. Mary the Virgin), a parish, in the union of Thornbury, comprising the tything of Almondsbury, in the Lower division of the hundred of Berkeley, the tythings of Gaunts-Earthcote and Lea, in the Lower division of that of Thornbury, and the tythings of Hempton and Patchway, Over, and Lower Tockington, in the Lower division of the hundred of Langley and Swinehead, W. division of the county of Gloucester; and containing 1584 inhabitants, of whom 603 are in Almondsbury tything, 7 miles (N. by E.) from Bristol. This parish, which is situated near the river Severn, comprises 6927 acres of rich pasture land in good cultivation ; sandstone is quarried chiefly for rough building purposes. The village is situated at the foot of a ridge of limestone rocks, in which lead-ore has been found in small quantities, and of which the old roof of Berkeley castle was partly composed ; and the views from the heights, along which passes the road from Gloucester to Bristol, are extensive, embracing the whole estuary of the Severn, and the opposite coast of Wales. The living is a discharged vicarage, annexed to the see of Gloucester and Bristol, and valued in the king’s books at £20 : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £1150. 13. 4., and there are two acres of glebe. The church, situated in that part of the parish which is in the hundred of Berkeley, is a very handsome cruciform structure, in the early English style, with a tower and spire at the intersection ; it has been extensively repaired and altered within the last few years, and contains 700 free sittings. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. Here is a school with a small endowment, bequeathed by the late Mr. John Silcox ; and a national school, erected at an expense of £250, is endowed with £30 per annum from lands left by an unknown benefactor for the use of the church, producing £210 per annum. A school is also supported by Mr. Lippincolt ; and two cottages and three acres of land were bequeathed by Mr. Jefferies for widows or widowers. ALMSFORD {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of WiNCANTON, hundred of Catsash, E. division of Somerset, f of a mile (N.) from Castle-Cary ; con- taining 293 inhabitants, and comprising 844a. Ir. 18p. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 12. 1.; patron and rector. Rev. George Thomas Chamberlaine. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £215, and the glebe consists of 60 acres, with a glebe-house. The church is a small neat struc- ture. ALNE (>St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Easing- wouLD, wapentake of Bulmer, N. riding of York ; comprising the townships of Aldwark, Alne, Flawith, Tholthorp, Tollerton, and Ybulton ; and containing 1703 inhabitants, of whom 494 are in the township of Alne, 4^ miles (S. S. W.) from Easingwould. The parish contains by computation 10,900 acres, of which 1900 are in the township of Alne, and are chiefly arable ; the surface is level, and the land comprises every variety of VoL. L— 41 soil. A fair for cattle and sheep is held on the Tuesday next after the 8th of Oct. The Great Northern railway passes through the parish. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10 ; net income, £370 ; patron and impropriator. Sir C. B. Codrington : a small glebe-house was obtained by exchange with the patron, in 1842. The church, an ancient edifice, with a square tower, was repewed about thirty years since. There are places of worship for Wesleyans at Alne, and Tollerton ; where, and at Aldwark and Tholthorp, are also schools. Remains exist of a religious house, which was subordinate to St. Mary’s, at York. ALNE, GREAT {St. Mary Magdalene), a parish, in the union of Alcester, Alcester division of the hundred of Barlichway, S. division of the county of Warwick, 2f miles (N. E. by E.) from Alcester ; con- taining 404 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 1800 acres, and is bounded on the south, and partly on the east, by the river Alne. The living is a rectory, an- nexed, with the perpetual curacy of Weethley, to the rectory of Kinwarton : the church has been enlarged within the last few years. Part of the glebe belonging to Kinwarton rectory is situated in this parish. ALNESBORNE, an extra-parochial district (locally in the parish of Nacton), in the hundred of Colneis, E. division of Suffolk, 2j miles (S. E.) from Ipswich, and adjoining the river Orwell ; containing 39 inhabit- ants. Here was formerly a small priory of Austin Canons, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and suppressed about the year 1466 ; there are still the remains of a chapel. ALNEY, a small island in the river Severn, partly in the parish of Maisemore, E. division of the county of Gloucester, and partly in those of St. Mary-de- Lode and St. Nicholas, city of Gloucester. This island, which is formed by a division of the river into two streams, and comprehends several acres of rich pasture land, was by the Saxons called Oleneag, and is: memorable for the interview which took place here, m\ 1016, between Edmund, King of the Saxons, and Canute, leader of the Danes, whose armies had been drawn up at Deerhurst in battle array for some time, without either giving the signal for the attack. Edmund at length challenged Canute to single combat, which the latter refused on the plea of inequality; but proposed a re- ference to the principal officers of both armies, which was accepted by Edmund, and, after a short conference on this island, peace was concluded between them by a partition of the kingdom. ALNHAM {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Roth BURY, N. division of Cociuetdale ward, and of Northumberland ; consisting of the townships of Alnham, Prendwick, Screnwood, and Unthank, and con- taining 256 inhabitants, of whom 141 are in the town- ship of Alnham, 6 miles from Whittingham, and 14 (W.) from Alnwick. The parish forms part of the Cheviot range of mountains, and comprises about 12,000 acres, almost entirely occupied as sheep-walks : excellent building stone is obtained. The living is a discharged vicarage, endowed with part of the great tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £3. I7. 1* j net income, £74 ; patron, Duke of Northumberland ; impropriator of the remainder of the great tithes, J. C. Tarleton, Esq. There are about ten acres of glebe. The church has a plain Norman arch between the nave and chancel. G ALNW ALNW Near it are tlie ruins of an ancient tower, which his Grace is now fitting up for a parsonage 3 and on Castle Hill is a semicircular encampment, defended by a high double rampart and deep trench^ within which is a range of uncemented stones. ALNMOUTH, or Alemoutet, a small sea-port, and township, in the parish of Lesbury, union of Alnwick, S. division of Bambrough ward, N. division of North- umberland, miles (E. S. E.) from Alnwick 3 con- taining 480 inhabitants. This place, which takes its name from its situation on a tongue of land projecting into the sea, near the mouth of the river Ain, com- prises 180 acres of land, of a light turnip soil, in equal portions of arable and pasture 3 the scenery is undulated, and there are good land and sea views 3 stone for build- ing is procured from the rocks on the shore. Mr. Edward Thew, of Lesbury House, has a steam flour-mill here, and ships large quantities of corn 3 and there is an exten- sive timber-yard, belonging to Mr. Hindmars , of Aln- wick. Formerly a considerable trade was carried on, consisting principally in the export of corn, flour, eggs, and pork to London, and of wool to the manufacturing districts of Yorkshire, but the trade is now limited, and the business of ship-building, which prevailed here, has entirely declined. To the port, which is subordinate to that of Berwick, belong several vessels, varying from 50 to 150 tons’ burthen. The village is resorted to for sea- bathing, and the sands, being verj^ firm, form a fine promenade 3 hot baths are always in readiness at the Schooner inn. By an encroachment of the sea, and a change in the course of the river, a small island has been formed, on which, until 1806, were the remains of an old chapel, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, the site of which was originally on the main land. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge amount- ing to £30. 1. 6 ., of which £26. 15. 10. are payable to the vicar, who has a glebe of about three-quarters of an acre, £2. 3. 1. to the clerk, and £1. 2. 7- to the sexton, of the parish. There is a place of worship for Wesley- ans 3 and a school- house was built in 1826, at the ex- pense of a benevolent individual. ALNWICK (St: Mary AND St. Michael) tdwn and parish, and the head of a union, in the E. division of CoauETDALE ward, N. division of North- umberland, of which it is the county town, 33 miles (N. by W.) from Newcastle, and 306 (N. by W.) from Lon- don 3 comprising the town- ships of Alnwick, South- side, Shieldykes, Abbey Lands, Canongate, Denwick, and Huine Park, and con- taining 6626 inhabitants. This place, which is of great antiquity, was occupied at a very early period by the Danes or Saxons, who, from its situation near the river Alne, called it Ealnwic, and built a strong castle for its defence on a site supposed to have been previously occupied by a Roman fortress, which, after the Norman Conquest, became the baronial residence of Ivo de Vescy, lord of Alnwick, to whom the barony had been given by the Conqueror. In 10Q3, the castle was besieged by Malcolm III., King of Scotland, and bravely defended 42 by Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland 3 upon which oc- ' casion Malcolm and his son Edward were both killed 3 the former, according to the Chronicle of Alnwick Abbey, by one of the garrison, under pretence of presenting to him, in token of submission, the keys of the fortress at the point of a lance 3 and the latter in his eagerness to revenge the death of his father, in an unguarded assault of the enemy, in which he received a mortal wound. The remembrance of this event is preserved by a cross erected about a mile north of the town, on the spot where the Scottish monarch is supposed to have fallen 3 it was rebuilt in 1774 by the Duchess of Northum- berland, a lineal descendant of that king, and is still called Malcolm’s Cross. In 1135, the town, which during the border wars was constantly an object of attack, was taken by David, King of Scotland 3 and in 1174 it was besieged by William, at the head of 80,000 Scottish forces, but was successfully defended by William de Vescy, Robert de Stuteville, Ranulph de Glanville, and others, who took the Scottish monarch prisoner, and sent him to London, where he was kept in confinement till released by his subjects, who paid £ 100,000 for his ransom. In 1215, the town was nearly reduced to ashes by King John 3 but it appears to have been speedily rebuilt, for, within five years from that date, Gualo, the pope’s legate, summoned a general council of the Scottish bishops to be held here, for the regulation of some ecclesiastical abuses. In 1328, it was again besieged by the Scots under Robert Bruce, but without success 5 and in 1411, the castle was em- battled and the town surrounded with a strong wall, to protect it from the predatory incursions of the Scots: Notwithstanding these fortifications, it was again as- sailed by the Scots^ who in 1448 set fire to it, in retalia- tion for the burning of Dumfries by the English. After the battle of Hexham, in 1463, the castle, which was in the interest of the House of Lancaster, was summoned by the Earl of Warwick 5 but the garrison, though unable to sustain a protracted siege, retained possession, till they were relieved by Sir George Douglas, who, arriving at the head of a considerable force, afforded them an opportunity df retiring unmolested. The TOWN is pleasantly situated on the irregular declivity of an eminence rising from the bank of the river Alhe, over which, at the northern extremities, are two neat stone bridges. The streets are spacious, w^ell paved, and lighted with gas 3 the houses, which are built of stone, are chiefly of modern erection 3 and the inhabitants are amply supplied with water from cisterns and reservoirs, and by pumps in various parts of the town, erected at the expense of the corporation. Near the south entrance of the town is a fine column, eighty- three feet in height, erected upon an eminence at the side of the turnpike-road : it is called the Percy Tenantry Column, from having been raised by the agricultural tenantry of the Duke of Northumberland, in 18 Id, in grateful commemoration of his Grace’s liberality at various periods, when the distress of the times had rendered the payment of rent in many cases difificult, and in some altogether impracticable. An elegant column was also erected in 1814, on Camp Hill near the town, in commemoration of the various victories obtained by the British during the war, and of the restoration of peace. A subscription library was esta- blished in 1783 3 but this was dissolved in 183S, and an Corporation Seal. ALN W A L N W iti^proved institution was formed in 1834, which now contains nearly 2000 volumes. In 1824, a mechanics’ institute was founded, for which a handsome building was erected in 1831, containing a lecture-room, library, and other accommodations. Assemblies are held in a spacious building in the market-place, part of which is also appropriated as a reading-room : a savings’ bank was established in 1815. The trade and manufactures of the place are not of much importance 5 yet there are some extensive breweries and tanneries, and the parish abounds with coal, limestone, freestone, and whin- stone. The market, abundantly supplied with corn and provisions, is held on Saturday 3 fairs, for cattle and horses, are held on May 12 th, the last Monday in July, and the first Tuesday in Oct.; and there are also other fairs, on the first Saturday in March and in November for hiring servants. On the eve of the July fair, the inhabitants of certain of the manors and townships, owing suit and service to the Duke of North- umberland, send deputies to attend the bailiff in the ceremony of proclamation ; they afterwards keep watch and ward in the several quarters of the town for the remainder of the night, by which service they obtain exemption from toll within the town during the fair. A new fish-market, erected at the expense of his Grace, was opened April 20 th, 1830. Alnwick is a borough by prescription, having no royal charter of incorporation ; though, from the. capri- cious mode of choosing the freemen, which is ascribed to King John, it would appear that its prescriptive right was at least tacitly acknowledged by that sovereign; an established corporation is also recognised by an in- operative charter of Henry HI., as well as by several ancient existing ^grants of the De Vescy family. The present corporation consists of twenty-four common- councilmen, and four chamberlains are chosen from among them, who, at a council meeting held on the 29 th of September, nominate eight nut of their num- ber, and return their names to the steward of the manor, by whom, at the next court leet held for the manor, four are s^ppointed to act as chamberlains for the ensuing year. The common-councilmen are chosen from among the resident freemen of the several incor- porated companies or fraternities, of which there are ten, viz., the Cordw^ainers, Skinners and Glovers, Merchants, Tanners, Weavers, Blacksmiths, Butchers, Joiners, Tailors, and Coopers. A chamberlain’s clerk and other officers are appointed by the common-coun- cilmen. The freedom is inherited by the sons of free- men, provided they have first been made free of one of the trading companies ; it may also be acquired by a servitude of seven years to a freeman residing in the borough. Each candidate, on taking up his freedom, is subjected to the ludicrous ceremony of passing through a miry pool, thence called the “ Freemen’s well.” A bailiff is appointed by the Duke of Northumberland for the manor of Alnwick. The corporation possess no magisterial authority, the town being wholly within the jurisdiction of the county magistrates, who hold petty- sessions on the first and third Saturday in every month. Courts leet and baron are held at Easter and at Michaelmas, under the Duke of Northumberland, as lord of the manor; and a manorial court is held also for the township of Canongate. The quarter-sessions for the county take place here at Michaelmas, in rotation 43 with Hexham, Morpeth, and Newcastle. The county court is held here monthly ; and the election of parlia- mentary representatives for the northern division of the county, and also the election of coroners for the county, take place at Alnwick. The town-hall, erected in 1'731, is a handsome stone building, surmounted by a square tower, and stands on the west side of the market-place, an extensive area in the centre of the town, on the south side of which is a large building, erected by the Duke of Northumberland, containing in the upper part a spacious and splendid assembly-room, and a news- room, and affording underneath a covered area for the sale of butchers’ meat, fish, and poultry. The house of correction, near the Green Bat, was erected in 1807, and comprises nine sleeping cells, ,a work-room, a day- room, and two airing yards, but there is not sufficient room for the classification of prisoners. The LIVING is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £175 ; patron and impropriator, Duke of Northumberland. The church is a spacious and venerable structure, in the later style of English architecture, with a neat tower, and consists of a nave, north and south aisles, and a chancel. The roof of the chancel is richly groined and ornamented ; on the sides are some ancient stalls carved in tabernacle work ; and at the east end are three altar- tombs, on which are recumbent figures of stone finely sculptured, but without date or inscription. The chan- cel was repaired and beautified in 1781, by the first Duke of Northumberland, and in 1818, the church was repewed, and repaired, when the present duke contri- buted £300 towards the expense. On repairing the north aisle, two statues of stone, one representing a king and the other supposed to be that of a martyr, were found about two feet below the surface of the ground, and are now placed beneath the tower, at the western extremity of the church. There are places of worship for Independents, a United Secession Relief congregation, Presbyterians, Wesleyans, New Connexion of Methodists, and Unitarians ; and a Roman Catholic chapel rebuilt in 1836. The borough grammar school for the education of the children of freemen, has an endow- ment of about £14 per annum, arising from the corn- tolls, and a rent-charge. The English school is also supported by the corporation ; an annuity of £10 was bequeathed to it, in 1 7 ^ 6 , by Mark Forster, who also left a house and garden for the use of the master. A school for 200 boys was founded in 1810, by the Duke of Northumberland, in commemoration^ of the fiftieth anniversary of the accession of George HI. ; and a school has been instituted by the Duchess, for clothing and instructing 50 girls. An infants’ school, projected in commemoration of the Queen’s coronation, was opened in 1839, and is supported by subscription. A dispensary was established in 1815. The poor law union of Alnwick comprises 62 parishes or places, and contains a population of 18,768. The ancient castle, now the magnificent residence of the Duke of Northumberland, is a noble and stately structure, comprising two wards, and has been put into a state of thorough repair by the grandfather of the pre- sent owner, with a due regard to the preservation ot its original style, and its ancient character as one of the most splendid baronial residences in the kingdom : the extensive park and demesnes abound with beauti- fully varied walks, commanding a rich diversity of G2 A L N W A L P I scenery, and a fine assemblage of strikingly interesting objects, among which the venerable ruins of Alnwick and Hulne abbeys are conspicuous. On the south-west side of the town stands Swansfield, the residence of Prideaux Selby, Esq., which is a plain stone structure, situated in grounds of varied and picturesque character, and commands beautiful prospects ^ and from Alnbank House and Freelands, the residences of the respec- tive proprietors, Luke Hindmarsh, Esq., and Thomas Skelly, Esq., are also obtained fine views of the sur- rounding country. There are some remains of the ancient town walls, which were defended by four square massive gateway towers, of which Bondgate, now the only one entire, was built by the son of the renowned Hotspur 5 on the site of Pottergate tow^er a handsome tower gateway has been erected, in the later style of English architecture. Almcick Abbey was founded in 1147, by Eustace Fitz-John, who endowed it for Praemonstratensian canons, and dedicated it to St. James and the Blessed Virgin: the abbot was summoned to parliament in the reigns of Edward I. and II. It continued to flourish till the dissolution, at which time its revenue was estimated at £194. 7. : the only remains are a gateway, which has been fitted up as a lodge to' the parks (which are stocked with deer, and a very fine breed of buffaloes), and, with the abbey grounds, forms a highly interesting feature in the park. Hulne Abbey, about three miles from the town, but within the limits of the Duke’s park, is beautifully situ- ated on the slope of an eminence. It was founded about the year 1240, according to some authorities, by Wil- liam de Vescy, and according to others by Ralph Fres- born, after returning from the crusades, for Carmelite friars, and is said to have been the first house of that order established in England 5 it was amply endowed by William de Vescy and his successors, and Fresborn became the first abbot. The site was granted, in the reign of Elizabeth, to Thomas Reeve and others, and was afterwards purchased by the Percy family, its present proprietors. The remains, which are beautifully mantled with ivy, are very considerable, and form an interest- ing feature in the scenery of the park 5 part of the abbey buildings has been fitted up as a residence for a gamekeeper. Bale, the eminent biographer, was one of the brethren of this ancient monastery. Opposite to the remains of the abbey, a road, winding round a lofty eminence, leads to BrisLee Hill, on the summit of which is a noble column, ninety feet high, and within it a spiral staircase leading to the balcony, which commands an extensive and delightful prospect, embracing the hills of Cheviot and Teviotdale j the hill of Flodden j the castles of Bambrough, Dunstanburgh, and Warkworth ; the isle of Coquet, the port of Alnmouth, and various other interesting objects. Here also was an ancient hospital, founded by Eustace de Vescy, and dedicated to St. Leonard; likewise a chapel dedicated to St. Thomas: and in Walkergate-street is an old house, the doorway and windows of which prove its ecclesiastical origin. At Sheep- layers-on-the-Moor, and at Rugley Moorhouse farm, in the vicinity of the town, are encampments supposed to be of Danish origin, but nothing is recorded of their history. In 1726, a workman employed in quarrying stone for the repairs of the castle discovered twenty swords, sixteen spearheads, and forty celts, all of brass 3 and on the face of the rock under which they were found 44 was rudely cut the date 1115. Alnwick gives the title of Baron Louvaine of Alnwick to the Earl of Beverley. ALPERTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Harrow- on-the-Hill, union of Hendon, hundred of Gore, county of Middlesex ; containing 242 inhabitants. ALPHAM STONE, a parish, in the union of Sud- bury, hundred of Hinckford, N. division of Essex, 5 miles (N. E.) from Halstead ; containing 314 inhabit- ants. This parish, which includes the hamlet of Bures, and contains 1557<^. 2r. 37p., was anciently parcel of the possessions of the abbey of Bury-St. Edmund’s, except a portion that belonged to Richard Fitz-Gilbert, which, after the Conquest, was divided among several proprietors. The soil is rich, and constitutes fine corn land 3 the scenery is picturesque. A pleasure fair is held on the first Thursday in June. The living is a rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £11, and in the gift of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £440, and the glebe consists of 28 acres. The church, an ancient building of flint, consisting of a nave, with a south aisle and chancel, lighted by small lancet-shaped windows, is finely situated on an eminence, commanding an extensive and richly varied prospect : the tower, with the bells, fell down about fifty years since. ALPHETON, a parish, in the union of Sudbury, hundred of Babergh, W. division of Suffolk, 3 miles (N. N. E.) from Long Melford 3 containing 321 inhabit- ants, and comprising 1200 acres by admeasurement. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 1. 8.3 patron and incumbent. Rev. T. G. Dicken- son. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £286 3 and there are 40 acres of glebe, with a good par- sonage-house, pleasantly situated near the turnpike-road. The church contains a mural monument to Lieut. Shep- pard, who received a wound in the head at the attack on Boulogne in 1805, which caused his death ten years after 3 the old painted glass has been lately collected, and, with the addition of new, formed into two neat windows. ALPHINGTON {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of St. Thomas, hundred of Wonford, Wonford and S. divisions of Devon, 1^ mile (S.) from Exeter 3 containing 1286 inhabitants. This place, an ancient manor, of which the lords had the powder of inflicting capital punishment, is skirted by the banks of the Exe, which river, as well as the Exeter canal, passes through the parish. It comprises 2223 acres by computation 3 granite is found in soipe parts, and at the Porkham quarry good building stone is obtained. Fairs for cattle are held on the first Wednesday after the 20th of June, and in the beginning of October. The living is a rec- tory, valued in the king’s hooks at £34. 6. 8., and has a net income of £852 3 the glebe consists of 27 acres, with an excellent parsonage-house built by the late Rev. William Ellicombe, whose son, the Rev. Richard Elli- combe, is the present patron and incumbent. The church contains a circular Norman font, with intersecting arches and scroll ornaments. There are a place of worship for Wesley ans, and a school in connexion with the National Society. ALPINGTON, a parish, in the union of Loddon and Clavering, hundred of Loddon, E. division of Norfolk, l| mile (N.) from Brooke, and 6 miles (S. E.) from Norwich, on the road to Bungay 3 containing 197 A L R E A L R E inhabitants, and comprising 530«. 3r. The living, a rectory, is united to Yelverton, and there are no re- mains of the church. About 9^ acres of land were allotted to the poor for fuel, at the time of the inclo- sure. ALPRAHAM, a township, in the parish of Bunbury, union of Nantwich, First division of the hundred of Eddisbury, S. division of the county of Chester, 3~ miles (S. E. by E.) from Tarporley ; containing 520 in- habitants. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £106, payable to the Haberdashers’ Company, London. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. ALRESFORD (St. Peter) y a parish, in the union and hundred of Tendring, N. division of Essex, miles (S. E. by E.) from Colchester j containing 289 in- habitants. The parish is bounded on the west by the river Colne, and takes its name, which is supposed to be a modification of Aldersford, from an ancient ford across that river : the lands are elevated, and the soil generally of a light sandy quality. The living is a dis- charged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8 j net income, £307 ; patrons, Principal and Fellows of Bra- senose College, Oxford. The church, a small edifice, with a spire of shingles, was, according to an inscription in the chancel, written in Norman French, erected by Anfrid or Anfrey de Staunton. There is a school in connexion with the National Society. ALRESFORD, NEW, a market-town and parish, and the head of a union, in the liberty of Alresford, Alton and N. divisions of the countv of Southampton, 6 miles (N. E. by E.) from Winchester, and 57 (S. W. by W.) from London, on the high road to Winchester j containing 1578 inhabitants. This place, which derives its name from its situation near a ford on the river Arle, was given to the church of Winchester by Cenwalh, King of the West Saxons, after his baptism by Bishop Birinus ; and about 1220, Godfrey de Lucy, Bishop of Winchester, restored the market, then fallen into disuse. On May-day, 1690, the town was destroyed by fire, pre- viously to which it was so prosperous that there was not an individual requiring parochial relief 5 and in 1710 a similar calamity occurred. The parish com- prises, by computation, 730 acres 5 the surface is flat in some parts, and in others hilly 5 the soil, which is light and chalky, is in general good. Alresford pond is a fine piece of water, through which runs the river Itchen, which divides this parish from Old Alresford. The northern embankment is formed by a causeway, nearly 500 yards in length, which, previously to the construction of the present road through Bishop’s-Sut- ton, in 1753, constituted part of the main road to London : it was accomplished by Bishop de Lucy, under a grant from King John, with a view to the improvement of his grounds, and to increase the depth of the river Itchen, which was formerly navigable to Southampton Water, though of late it has ceased to be so higher than Winchester 3 and as a recompense for this arduous undertaking, the hishop obtained, for him- self and his successors, the entire royalty of the river from the reservoir to the sea. Among the seats in the neighbourhood are those of Lord Rodney (formerly the residence of his ancestor, the gallant Admiral), Sir Henry Tichbourne, Bart., and Lord Ashburton, which last, called the Grange, is a beautiful copy of the Par- 45 thenon at Athens. The market is on Thursday 5 and fairs are held on Holy-Thursday, the last Thursdays in July and Nov., and the Thursday next after Old Mi- chaelmas -day, almost exclusively for sheep. Alresford was incorporated at a very early period, and returned one representative to parliament in the 23rd of Edward I. The corporation consists of a bailiff, ap- pointed by the Bishop of Winchester (as lord of the manor), and eight burgesses, who, by virtue of a lease from the bishop, receive the tolls of' the market, but exercise no magisterial authority. A court leet is held at Michaelmas, when the bailiff is chosen 3 and the county magistrates hold a petty-session weekly, for the division of Alton. The living is a rectory, annexed, with that of Medsted, to the rectory of Old Alresford : the glebe comprises 18 acres. There are places of wor- ship for Independents and Roman Catholics. H. Perrin, Esq., in I698, founded a school for nineteen boys, sons of poor tradesmen in the town, and the neighbouring villages of Old Alresford, Sutton, and Tichbourne 3 it is endowed with a good house for the master, and fifty- two acres of land, now let for £100 per annum. A school in connexion with the National Society has also been established. The poor law union, of which this town is the head, comprises 18 parishes and places, and contains a population of 7092. At Bramdean, about three ^miles distant, a tessellated pavement was dis- covered about ten years ago, one part of which repre- sents the wrestling match between Hercules and Anticus. ALRESFORD, OLD {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Alresford, hundred of Fawley, Winchester and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, ^ of a mile (N.) from New Alresford 3 containing 502 in- habitants. This parish, which is divided from that of New Alresford, by the river Itchen, comprises about 2000 acres ; the surface is hilly, and the soil light and chalky, but tolerably good. The hamlet of Hamsworth is included in the measurement of this parish, but is rated with that of Medsted. The living is a rectory, with those of New Alresford and Medsted annexed, valued in the king’s books at £49. 12 . 85. 3 the glebe comprises 40 acres 3 patron, the Bishop of Winchester. Schools are supported by subscription. ALREWAS {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Lichfield, N. division of the hundred of Offlow and of the county of Stafford, 5| miles (N. E. by N.) from Lichfield 5 containing, with the hamlets of Fradley and Orgreave 1658 inhabitants, of whom 1173 are in the township of Alrewas. This parish is bounded by the Trent on the north, and by the Tame on the east, and contains 4329«. Sip. 3 it is intersected by the Trent and Mersey, and the Coventry canals 3 and there is a station of the Birmingham and Derby railroad 1^ mile from the village. A manufactory of worsted yarn em- ploys about ninety hands. Courts leet and baron for the manor are held twice a year : the custom of Borough English prevails. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 6. 8. 3 patron and impropriator. Prebendary of Alrewas and Weeford, in the Cathedral of Lichfield. The prebendal tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £439. 15., and the vicarial for £250 3 there is glebe-land and land allotted in lieu of tithes upon the common 3 the pre- bendary has 102a. 25p., and the vicar 37«. 2r. 10/)., A L S T A L S T with a glebe-house. The church is chiefly in the Nor- man style, and contains monuments to several of the family of Turton, a member of which was chief justice of the king’s bench, in the time of William III. There are places of worship for Wesleyans and Ranters 5 and a national school. Viscount Anson was baron of Or- greave, in the parish, where he had an estate, which still remains in the possession of the family. The Roman Ikeneld- street intersects the parish. ALREWAS-HAYES, an extra-parochial liberty, locally in the parish of Alrewas, N. division of the hundred of Offlow and of the county of Stafford, 5^ miles (N. N. E.) from Lichfield ; containing 92 in- habitants, and comprising 1200 acres. ALSAGER, a chapelry, in the parish of Barthom- EEY, union of Gon arising from 63 acres of land. A rent-charge of £240 has been awarded as a commutation in lieu of the tithes. The chapel is a handsome edifice consecrated in ITflO, and contains a monument to the memory of Col. Tryon, who was engaged in the Peninsular war. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 also a small school founded and endowed, in 1789, by Mary, Judith, and Margaret Alsager, owners of the manor, who likewise built and endowed the chapel. ALSOP-LE-DALE, with Eaton, a chapelry, in the parish of Ashbourn, hundred of Wirks worth, S. division of the county of Derby, 5^ miles (N. by W.) from Ashbourn 3 containing 67 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the inhabit- ant freeholders 3 net income, £49 ; appropriator, Dean of Lincoln. The chapel, dedicated to St. Michael, is of Norman architecture, with many modern alterations. ALSTON, or Alston-Moor (St. Augustine), a market-town and parish, forming a union of itself, in Leath ward, E. division of Cumberland, 29 miles (E. S. E.) from Carlisle, and 287 (N. N. W.) from Lon- don 3 comprising the township of Alston, and the chapelry of Garrigill, the former containing 4588, and the latter 1474, inhabitants. Mining in this district is of some antiquity, several charters having been granted to the miners of Alderston ” in the 13th century : in 1282 the manor was granted by Edward I. to Nicholas de Veteripont, and in 1333 Edward III. confirmed to his son, Robert de Veteripont, and to the monetarii, or coiners, many important privileges : in the reign of Henry V. the manor and mines were let to William Stapleton 3 and, subsequently, Alston became the pro- perty of the Hyltons of Hylton Castle, in the county of Durham, and lastly of the Radcliffe family, with whom it continued until the attainder of the last Earl of Der- wentwater, in 1716 , when it was granted by the crown to the Governors of Greenwich Hospital, The parish comprises by computation about 40,000 acres, and in- cludes two considerable villages, Garrigill and Nent Head, the latter on the eastern border of the parish 3 each 4 miles from Alston, and each containing about 500 persons. The town of Alston, consisting of 1650 inhabitants, is situated on the declivity and base of Middlefell hill, in a narrow valley, near the confluence of 46 the rivers Nent and South Tyne, over each of which is a neat stone bridge. The houses, which are irregularly and rather meanly built, are chiefly of stone, roofed with slate, and the streets are inconveniently steep 5 the inhabitants are supplied with water conveyed by pipes from an excellent spring, about half a mile distant, into four punts, or cisterns, conveniently placed in different parts of the town. A subscription library was estab- lished in 1821, in commemoration of the coronation of George IV. 3 and races are held on Easter Monday and Tuesday. An excellent new line of road has been made, Under the superintendence of Mr. M^Adam, from Hex- ham to Penrith, through Alston, which is shorter by several miles than the old road by way of Carlisle. Several of the contiguous eminences command beautiful views of the surrounding country, particularly Hartside, which embraces the counties of Cumberland and West- morland, including the lake of Ullswater, and the mountains of the lake district, Solway Firth, and the adjacent Scottish shore. The immediate vicinity, which is inclosed on the west by the mountains Cross Fell and Hartside, and on all sides by high lands, is equally remarkable for the ste- rility of the soil and the abundance of its mineral wealth. The lead-mines, in which the inhabitants are chiefly employed, and of w^hich there are no fewer than thirty-eight in the parish, are very extensive and pro- ductive : the ore contains a proportion of silver, averag- ing from eight to ten ounces per ton 3 and one of the mines opened at Yadmoss in 1828, has produced ore containing ninety-six ounces of silver in each ton. Copper has also been found in the same vein.with the lead, and in many instances the same mine Iras been worked for copper-ore of excellent quality, and lead-ore rich in silver. The grand aqueduct level, called ‘‘Nent Force,” was cut by the trustees of Greenwich Hospital : this subterraneous canal is five miles in length, from its mouth, near the town, to the shaft of the mine, and boats and guides were once kept in readiness to con- duct those who might wish to explore it. In the mines are several extensive caverns, splendidly decorated with fluor-spar, shot into crystals of every form and hue 3 and, where the yellow copper-ore and pyrites are inter- mingled, nothing can exceed the brilliancy with which the prismatic colours are reflected. Of these, Tutman’s Hole has been explored to the distance of a mile from the entrance 3 and in that at Dun Fell, on the side of Alston-Moor, the chambers and windings are so intri- cate, that visiters have been glad to avail themselves of some clue to their return. Among other minerals found here are, pyrites of iron, containing small particles of gold, tessellated ore, zinc, phosphate and sulphate of lead, cobalt, &c. The crow coal, found on the moor, at a small depth below the surface, contains pyrites in large proportion 3 it burns with little flame, but emits an intense heat, and, mixed with clay, is made into balls for fuel. There are two large smelting-fur- naces, and several machines, w^orked by water, for crushing and washing the ore. The principal manufac- ture is that of woollen yarn, carried on in an exten- sive mill recently built 3 and there is also a public brewery on a large scale. The market is on Satur- day 3 fairs take place on the last Thursday in May, Friday before the last day of Sept., and the first Thurs- day in Nov. At Nent Head, a customary market is ALST A L T H also held every Thursday. Two of the county magis- trates, hold a petty- session at the Swan inn^ on the first Friday in every month 5 and courts leet and baron occur in the months next after Easter and Michaelmas. The iLPviNO is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7- 13- ; net income, £li80 5 patrons and impropriators. Governors of Greenwich Hospital. The tithes, with certain exceptions, were commuted for an allotment of land, under an inclosure act, in 1 803. The church, rebuilt in I 77 O, is a neat edifice with, a tower. A chapel of ease is situated at Garrigill, a plain and unadorned building erected by subscription about 178d j and there are places of worship for the Society of Friends, Independents, and Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists. The grammar school was rebuilt by sub- scription, in 1828, and is endowed with £29. 8. 6. per annum : no scholars are gratuitously instructed, but the master, in consideration of the endowment, is limited to a certain scale of charges for boys attending it. There are also various other schools in different parts of the parish, some of which have small endow- ments. The Roman road called the Maiden-way crosses the western part of the parish, where it may be dis- tinctly traced 5 and on Hall hill, a little below the bridge over the Tyne, are the foundations of an ancient fortress, surrounded by a moat. On Gildersdale fell is a stagnant pool, covered with mud several inches thick, which is used by the neighbouring people as paint 5 it produces colours resembling yellow ochre and Spanish brown, but has not been analyzed. ALSTOM, a chapelry, in the parish of Ashburton, uni an of Newton Abbot, hundred of Teignb ridge, Teignbridge and S. divisions of Devon, 2^ miles (n. E. by E.) from Ashburton. It comprises 1010 acres by computation 5 the surface is hilly, and the sub-soil consists of limestone, clay, and sharp gravel. The chief produce arises from corn land and orchards, the cultivators of which are in general independent free- holders. ALSTON, a township, in the parish of Ribches- TER, union of Preston, hundred of Amounderness, N. division of the county of Lancaster, miles' (N. E.) from Preston j containing 807 inhabitants. The tithes have been commuted for rent-charges amounting to £ 170 , of which £150 are payable to the Bishop of Chester, and £20 to the vicar. There is a place of wor- ship for Roman Catholics. ALSTONE, a hamlet, in the parish and hundred of Cheltenham:, union of Winch comb, E. division of the county of Gloucester, f of a mile (N. W. by W.) from Cheltenham. This place is situated on the river Chelt, over which is a viaduct for the Birmingham and Gloucester railway, which proceeds' hence to* the parish of Swinton. A church was consecrated in 1840, and is a handsome and spacious structure, containing 208S sittings, 480 of which are free. Here is a chalybeate saline spa, for an account of which see Cheltenham. ALSTONE, a chapelry, in the parish of Overbury, Middle division of the hundred of Oswaldslow, Per- shore and E. divisions of the county of Wo^>cester, 65 miles (Ei by S‘.) from^ Tewkesbury 5 containing inhabitants. It forms part of a detached portion of the parish, surrounded on all sides, except the north-west by the county of Gloucester, The chapel is dedicated to St. Margaret, 47 ALSTONFIELD (St. Peter),* a parish, in the union of Leek, hundred of North Totmonslow, N. division of the county of Stafford, 7 miles (N. N. W.) from Ashbourn •, comprising the chapelries of Elkstone, Warslow, Longnor, and Quarnford, and the townships of Alst onfield, Fairfieldhead, Heathy-Lee, and Hollins- clough ^ and containing 4701 inhabitants, of whom 654 are in the township of Alstonfield. This parish^ which is fifteen miles in length, is situated at the northern extremity of the county, and is bounded on the west by Cheshire, and on the east by Derbyshire, from which it is separated by the river Dove : the township comprises 2862 acres. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 8 . 11. 4.3 net income, £1123 patron and impropriator, Sir George Crewe, Bart. The church is in the early English style, with an embattled tower crowned with pinnacles 3 the nave is separated from the aisles by a series of finely pointed arches 3 the pulpit and reading-desk were the gift of the poet Cotton, who resided at Beresford Hall. There are six chapels exclusively of the parish church, those in Heathy Lee and Hollinselough having been lately built, principally at the expense of Sir G. Crewe. A small free school was founded in 17 ^ 6 , by German Foie, who bequeathed £ 60 * for its endowment. ALTCAR (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Ormskirk, hundTed of West Derby, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 6 mileS' (W. by S.) from^ Ormskirk 3 containing 490 inhabitants. It consists of about 3300 acres 3 the surface is in general flat, and the soil light, and in some parts mossy 3 a considerable por- tion is laid- out in meadows, from which a large quantity of hay, of somewhat inferior quality, is produced. The lands are subject to floods in the winter, which are carried ofiF by the small river Alt. The living is a per- petual curacy 3 net income, £95 3 patron and impropri- ator, Earl of Sefton. ALTERNON (St. Nunn), a parish^ in the union of Launceston, hundred of Lesnewth, E. division df Cornwall, 7f miles (W. S. W.) from* Launceston 3 con- taining 1334 inhabitants. Fairs are held at Five-Lanes; in the parish, on the Monday after June 24th, and the first Tuesday in November. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £18. 5 . 3 net income; £320 3 patrons and appropriatorSj Dean and Chapter of Exeter. There is a place of worship fbr Wesleyans 3 also a school supported by subscription. ALTHAM, a chapelry, in the parish of Whalley; union of Burnley, Higher division of the hundred ofi Blackburn, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 5 miles (w.) from Burnley 3 containing 349 inhabitants. Coal is obtained in the vicinity. The living is* a perpe^^ tual curacy 3 net income, £117 j patron, R. T. W. Wal- ton, Esq. The chapel is- dedicated to St; James. ALTHORNE (St. Jndmew), a parish; in the union of Maldon, hundred of Dengie, S. division of Essex, 4 miles (N. W.); from Burnham 5 containing 41:8 inhahitr. ants. It is situated on the estuary ofi the river Crouch; from* the overflowing of which the lowlands are pro- tected by very strong' embankments> nine* feet hi^h,; constructed by labourers from.' Holland; whose descend-* ants are still resident here. The living* is a. vicarage^ united to the rectory of Creeksea in 18 IT, and valuediin the king’s books: at £14 ; impropriator; Thomas, Wilson> Esq. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-. ALTO ALTO charge of £454. 5. 6.^ the small tithes for a rent-charge of £155. 15.; and there are more than six acres of glebe. The church is a small edifice, containing, in the aisles, two brass plates, with inscriptions in the old English character, one to the memory of Margaret Hycklot, the other to William Hycklot, “ who paid for the workmanship of the walls of this church,” and died in 1508. ALTHORP (St. Oswald), a parish, in the union of Thorne, W. division of the wapentake of Manley, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 11 miles (W. by N.) from Glandford-Bridge ; containing, with the town- ships of Amcotts and Keadby, 1184 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £25, and in the patronage of the Crown ; net income, £400. The tithes of the township of Althorp have been com- muted for corn-rents .under an act obtained in 1794. There is a chapel of ease at Amcotts. ALTHORPE, an extra-parochial liberty, in the hun- dred of Newbottle- Grove, county of Northampton ; containing 55 inhabitants. — See Brington. ALTOFTS, a township, in the parish of Norman- TON, Lower division of the wapentake of Agbrigg, W. riding of York, 3^ miles (N. E. by E.) from Wakefield ; containing 704 inhabitants. This place is situated on the south side of the river Calder, across which is a horse-ferry, and near the junction of the York and North-Midland railways. There is an aqueduct of ele- gant design for the Aire and Calder canal. The ancient hall of Altofts is said to have been the residence of Admiral Frobisher, by whom it was built. Stone of good quality is quarried, and many fossils are found. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £344, payable to Trinity College, Cambridge, and the vicarial for one of £69. 10. Here is a school, endowed with £20 per annum by Mrs. Susannah Dods- worth, for which 15 girls are clothed and instructed. ALTON (St. Lawrence) ^ a market- town and pa- rish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Alton, Alton and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 17 miles (E. N. E.) from Winchester, and 47 (S. W. by W.) from London ; containing 3139 inhabitants. The name of this town, which is a slight modification of Auleton or Aultone, is descriptive of its great antiquity. It was a royal demesne in the time of Alfred the Great, and is noticed in the Saxon Chronicle as the scene of a sanguinary battle which was fought between the Saxons and the piratical Danes, who, having landed on this part of the coast in 1001, plundered and laid waste the country till they reached this place, at that time called Aethelinga-dene,” where the men of Hampshire had assembled in order to oppose their further progress, but notwithstanding great numbers of the invaders were slain, they remained in possession of the field of battle, whence they afterwards marched northward. At the time of the Norman survey the town belonged to the abbot of St. Peter’s, Winchester ; and in the reign of Edward I. it returned one member to parliament. During the civil war of the seventeenth century, the place was occupied by a detachment of the royal army, under the command of Sir Ralph Hopton ; but, in 1 643, it was taken by the parliamentarian forces under Sir William Waller, after an engagement in which Col. Bowles was killed at the church door, and his regiment taken prisoners. 48 The TOWN is situated at the source of the river Wey, and consists of three principal streets, which are lighted under an act obtained for that purpose ; the houses are in general neatly built, and of pleasing and cheerful appearance. A public library, on a plan calculated to meet the wants of the working mechanics, was esta- blished in 1837 j it is in a state of prosperous advance- ment, and lectures are occasionally given to the mem- bers. The environs are beautifully picturesque, and the adjacent district richly fertile ; the lands are watered by a fine stream, which crosses the town under the streets and houses ; and in the surrounding scenery the church occupies a commanding site, and forms a conspicuous and interesting feature. The parish comprises by mea- surement 3896 acres ; the surface is generally hilly, and the soil consists principally of chalk and gravel. The manufacture of bombazines was formerly carried on to a very considerable extent, but is now totally discon- tinued ; a great quantity of hop bagging is made, and there is a large paper manufactory, which is set in motion by the Wey, at no great distance from its source. There are also two large breweries in the town, and in the vicinity are about 200 acres of ground laid out in the cultivation of hops, the malt and the ale of Alton being in high repute. The market, formerly held on Saturda}'^, but since 1840 altered to Tuesday in every alternate week, is chiefly for cattle and sheep, and from the great agricultural resources of the neighbourhood is rapidly increasing : fairs for horses and cattle take place annually on the last Saturday in April, and Sept. 29th, the former for the manor of Alton Westbrook, and the latter for that of Alton Eastbrook. The county magis- trates hold petty-sessions here for the division ; and a court leet is held once a month by the steward of, the manor, at which debts under 40«. are recoverable. The town-hall, situated in the market-place, was rebuilt by subscription in 1812, and was principally used for the national school ; but since the establishment of the new market, and of an agricultural society, it has, together with the market-place, been taken on lease by the inha- bitants for the use of the market, and the school has been removed. The LIVING is a vicarage, with those of Binstead, Holybourne, and Kingsley annexed, valued in the king’s books at £15 ; patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Winchester, whose tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £770, .and the vicarial for £496. The church is a spacious structure, principally in the later style of English architecture, with some portions of earlier date ; it has a square embattled tower surmounted by a spire, and has been enlarged by the addition of a north aisle ; on its northern wall is a curious painting of our Saviour’s life. There are places of worship for the Society of Friends, and for Inde- pendents. The free grammar school at Anstey, in the parish, was founded in the reign of Charles I., by John Eggar, and has an endowment of £74. 10. per annum ; and there is also a national school. The poor law union of Alton comprises 19 parishes or places, and contains a population of 11,299- Roman urns, coins, and other antiquities have been found in the neighbourhood 3 and in cleaning the church, in 1839? a portrait of Henry VI. and several bishops were discovered. William de Alton, a Dominican friar, who lived in the time of Edward II., and wrote a treatise on the universality of the pollution ALTR ALVA of mankind by original sin 5 John Pitts, an eminent driven by steam, for the manufacturers at Manchester biographer, author of a work entitled ‘‘ De llliistrihus and other adjacent towns. The Duke of Bridgewater's Anglice Scriptorihis and William Curtis, an eminent canal from Manchester to Runcorn passes within three- botanist, author of the Flora Londinensis,'' editor of the quarters of a mile from the town, and affords a facility Botanical Magazine, and founder of a botanical garden of conveyance for coal. Early potatoes are cultivated near the Magdalene Hospital, and afterwards of a more here to a great extent for the Manchester market. The extensive establishment at Brompton, were natives of market-days are Tuesday and Saturday, the latter for the town. butchers’ meat ^ the fairs, chiefly for the sale of live ALTON, county of Stafford. — See Alveton. stock, are held on April 29th, August .5th, and Novem- ALTON-BARNES, or Berners {St. Mary), a ber 22nd. Altrincham was made a free borough in the parish, in the union of Devizes, hundred of Swan- reign of Edward I., by charter of Hamon de Massey, BOROUGH, Devizes and N. divisions of Wilts, 7 miles lord of the barony of Dunhara-Massey, whereby the (E.) from Devizes 5 containing 167 inhabitants. The burgesses were empowered to have a guild-merchant, new road from Amesbury to Kennet will pass through and to choose a prcEpositus, or bailiff 5 but the only pri- the parish, where it will cross the Kennet and Avon vilege they now possess is that of electing a mayor at a canal, which flows a little south of the village. The court leet held in autumn, when a jury of burgesses living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at present three of their own body to the steward, who £6. 18. 11:|., and in the gift of New College, Oxford : appoints one to the office, which is merely nominal, and the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of the duty of which extends only to the opening of the £449, and the glebe consists of about 50 acres, A fairs. A steward is chosen by the lord of the barony of school is supported by the rector. Dunham-Masse)’^, and this officer appoints a. bailiff 5 ALTON-PANCRAS {St. Pancratius), a parish and there are also two constables, who are chosen by the liberty, in the union of Cerne, Cerne division of Dor- Icet jury. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 patron, SET, miles (N.) from Dorchester 5 containing 248 in- Vicar of Bowdbn ; net income, £187. The tithes have habitants. The two manors, or parcels of demesne been commuted for rent-charges amounting to £91. 14., land, called Alton Borealis and Alton Australis, consti- of which £48. 14. are payable to the Bishop of Chester, tute the endowment of two prebends in the cathedral of and £43 to the vicar. The chapel, dedicated to St. Salisbury. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued George, is a plain brick building, erected by subscription in the king’s books at £9 ; net income, £25 •, patrons, in 1799. There are two places of worship for Metho- the Dean and Chapter of Salisbury (who are also appro- dists, and one for Unitarians. The Jubilee school, built priators), on the nomination of the Prebendary. The in 1810, has a small endowment, but is chiefly supported church is dedicated to St. Pancratius, a nobleman of by subscription. The poor law union of Altrincham Phrygia, who suffered martyrdom under Diocletian at comprises 39 parishes or places, and contains a popula- Rome in the third century. tkm of 31,019. ALTON -PRIORS, a chapelry, in the parish of ALVANLEY, a chapelry, in the parish of Frods- OvERTON, union of Pewsey, hundred of Elstub and ham, union of Runcorn, Second division of the hun- Everley, Everley and Pewsey, and S. divisions of dred of Eddisbury, S. division of the county of . Wilts, 7 miles (E. by N.) from Devizes 3 containing, Chester, 3 miles (8. 8. W.) from Frodsham 3 contain- with the tything of Stowell, 251 inhabitants. The cha- ing 314 inhabitants. The living is a donative 5 net pelry is separated on the north from the principal por- income, £47 ; patron, Lord Alvanley. The chapel is tion of the parish in which it is situated by a range of dedicated to St. Mary. A national school has been hills that stretches across the country in this part ; and established. Alvanley gives the title of Baron to the the Kennet and Avon canal passes at a short distance Arden family. on the south. The chapel is dedicated to All Saints. ALVASTON, a township, in the parish, union, and ALTRINCHAM, amar-^ hundred of Nantwich, S. division of the county of ket-town and chapelry, and Chester, 2^ miles (N. E.)< from Nantwich ; containing the head of a union, in the 40 inhabitants. Races are held annually in the town- parish of Bowdon, hun- ship. The tithes have been commuted for a renf-charge dred of Bucklow, N. di- of £82. 7. d. vision of the county of ALVASTON, a chapelry, in the parish of St. Mi- Chester, 7 miles (N. by chael, Derby, union of Shardlow, hundred of Mor- E.) from Nether Knutsfqrd, leston and Litchurch, S. division of the county of and 180 (N. W. by N.) from Derby, 3 ^ miles (S. E. by E.) from Derby 5 containing London 5 containing 3399 493 inhabitants. This place is pleasantly situated near inhabitants. The town is the river Derwent, on the London road, and contains situated near BowdonDowns, 1354o5. 3r. S4p. The Derby canal runs through the and, though small, contains parish. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of several respectable dwelling-houses, the salubrity of the the parishioners, with a net income of £116 : the tithes air rendering it a place of general resort for invalids were commuted for land, under an inclosure act, in 1802 ^ from Manchester : it is watched and lighted under the the glebe consists of about 67 acres, and portions of land general act of the 11th of Geo. IV,, and is characterized have been purchased in Leicestershire and Derbyshire throughout by cleanliness and neatness. The trade by an allowance from Queen Anne’s Bounty. There is principally consists in the spinning of yarn, the making a place of worship for Wesleyans 5 and two schools are of bobbins for cotton and worsted spinners, and the aided by the trustees of Gilbert’s charity, which pro- weaving of cotton by hand-looms, and by machinery vides also for the repair of the church. VoL. I. 49 H A L V E A L V E ALVECHURCH (St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union of Bromsgrove, forming a detached portion of the Middle division of the hundred of Oswaldslow, locally in the Upper division of the hundred of Half- shire, Northfield and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, 4^ miles (E. N. E.) from Bromsgrove 5 containing 1633 inhabitants. This was the occasional residence of the Bishops of Worcester, who had a palace here in the reign of Henry II., which after the sale of the manor by the parliament, in 1648, was suffered to fall to decay, and has now entirely disappeared. The parish comprises 6599 acres, and the Birmingham and Worcester canal runs through it. Fairs for cattle and sheep are held on the 2^nd of April and the 10th of August. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £*24. 16. 8. j net income, £1025 ; patron. Bishop of Worcester. The church has Norman pillars, but the chancel displays the early English style, and the tower is more modern. Here is a charity with an income of £36 per annum, appropriated to the education of chil- dren, and general purposes. An hospital for a master, six brethren, and two sisters, was incorporated by Queen Elizabeth, and is endowed with £33. 6. 8., exclusively of keeping the tenements in repair 5 and there are se- veral minor charities. The Roman Ikeneld- street passes through the parish, in its course from Alcester towards Lichfield. The learned Dr. Hickes, author of the Thesaurus Septentrionalium Lmguarum” was incum- bent of Alvechurch. ALVELEY (St. Mary), a parish, partly within the liberty of the borough of Bridgenorth, but chiefly in the hundred of Stottesden, union of Bridgenorth, S. division of Salop, 6^ miles (S. S. E.) from Bridge- north 5 containing, with Nordley Regis township, and Romsley liberty in the borough of Bridgenorth, 1062 inhabitants. It comprises 6435 acres, including Roms- ley, which contributes one-third towards the church- rate, but is independent of the parish in other respects : the road from Shrewsbury to Cheltenham passes through it, and the river Severn is its boundary on one side. There are some works for the manufacture of iron, and several stone- quarries, of which the stone is used for building, and made into wheels for mills and manufac- tures. Alveley was one of the five prebends in the royal free chapel of the castle of Bridgenorth, valued, in the reign of Henry III., at sixty marks, and is still reputed and rated as such in the Office of the First Fruits. The living is a perpetual curacy, lately en- dowed with £300 by various persons, and with £17 p^^r annum by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners 5 net income previously, £82 3 patron and impropriator. Col. Gatacre. The church is a fine edifice, a mixture of Norman and English architecture, with middle, side, and transept aisles, and a curious old painted window, supposed to have been built in the time of the Tudors. There is a private chapel attached to Coton Hall in the parish. A free school was endowed in I616, by John Grove, who also founded almshouses for decayed labourers. ALVERDISCOT (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Torrington, hundred of Hartland, Braun- ton and N. divisions of Devon, 4| miles (N. E.) from Torrington 3 containing 332 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the old road from Torrington to Barnstaple, comprises by computation 2000 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at 50 £13. 3. llj., and in the gift of William Lee, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £156. 8., and the glebe comprises 36 acres. The church contains some elegant marble monuments to the families of Hoody and Welch, former proprietors of the manor : it has been recently repewed and beautified, and a small vestry- room has been added. There is a place of wor- ship for Wesley ans, and a school is supported by sub- scription. ALVERSTOKE (St. Mary), a parish, comprising the sea-port town of Gosport, the watering-place called Anglesey, and the chapelry of Forton, in the liberty of Alverstoke and Gosport, Fareham and S. divisions of the county of Southampton 3 and containing 13,510 inhabitants. This place is situated on the shore of Alverstoke bay. According, to an ancient chronicle, Henry de Blois, Bishop of Winchester, and brother of King Stephen, on his return from Normandy, being overtaken by a storm in the bay, between the Isle of Wight and Alverstoke, made a solemn vow to build a church on the spot where he should first land in safety ; and, having landed at this place, is said to have erected the parish church, in fulfilment of his vow, about the year 1130. The parish is of considerable extent: the scenery is varied, and in the western part of the parish are several small rural villages which have a pleasing aspect, and contrast finely with the more stately edifices in other parts of it. The village of Alverstoke is plea- santly situated about half a mile from the bay, and within a quarter of a mile from the elegant new buildings of Anglesey. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £21. 6. 0^., and in the gift of the Bishop of Winchester : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £1250, and the glebe consists of 45 acres. The church, which occupies a site in the village beauti- fully secluded by trees, has undergone many changes since its foundation, and is now in a state of renovation, which has been effected with a judicious regard to its original character, under the superintendence of the late incumbent. There are two chapels in the parish 3 one at Gosport, consecrated in I696, and dedicated to the Holy Trinity 3 and one at Forton, in honour of St. John the Evangelist, an elegant edifice, containing 1200 sittings, of which 7OO are free, completed at an expense of £3775, by subscription, aided by a grant from the Parliamentary Commissioners, and consecrated in April 1831. Attached to this chapel, of which the living is a perpetual curacy, with a net income of £114, in the patronage of the Rector, is a small plot of glebe 3 and a district has been assigned to it, containing 2300 inha- bitants. It has an organ, which belonged to the cele- brated Handel, and was formerly in the Roman Catholic chapel at Winchester, but was purchased, some years ago, by the Rev. H. A. Veck. There are two national schools, and one for the children of Roman Catholics. ALVERTHORPE, a township, comprising the ec- clesiastical districts of Alverthorpe and Thornes, in the parish and union of Wakefield, Lower division of the wapentake of Agbrigg, W. riding of York, 1^ mile (W. N. W.) from Wakefield 3 containing 5930 inhabit- ants. This township, including Westgate Common, a suburb of the borough of Wakefield, comprises by com- putation 3000 acres, chiefly the property of the Earl of Cardigan, who is lord of the manor of Alverthorpe. The land is rich and fertile, and in good cultivation 3 the ALVE A L V E surface is varied, and the prevailing scenery pleasingly diversified; the substratum abounds with coal of good . quality, and several mines are in operation. Alverthorpe Hall, the seat of Francis Maude, Esq., is a handsome residence, and throughout the township are numerous pleasing villas, of which the principal are Liipset Hall, the residence of Daniel Gaskell, Esq., and Homefield House, the seat of Thomas Foljambe, Esq. The village of Alverthorpe is pleasantly situated within a mile of Wakefield, and the township includes also the village of Thornes, and the hamlets of Fanshaw, Kirkham Gate, and Silcoates. The population is chiefly employed in the spinning of woollen and worsted yarn, and in the manufacture of woollen cloth and worsted stuffs, for which there are several mills and large factories ; the manufacture of rope and twine is also carried on to a considerable extent. The church, dedicated to St. Paul, was erected in 1826, at an expense of £8000, chiefly by grant of the Parliamentary Commissioners : it is a hand- some structure, in the early English style, with a square embattled tower crowned with pinnacles, and contains 1600 sittings, of which 800 are free. The living is a perpetual curacy, at present in the gift of the Vicar of Wakefield ; the income, previously £7^, was augmented in 1841 with £78 per annum by the Ecclesiastical Com- missioners, and a neat residence for the minister was built in 1842. The small tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, under an act of inclosure, in 1793. A church has been also erected at Thornes, which is noticed in the article under that head ; and there is a place of worship for Wesley ans. A school for girls is supported by Benjamin Gaskell, Esq., of Thornes, who also contributes to the support of an infant school, and pays £5 per annum for the instruction of nine children in the national school. The Northern Congre- gational school at Silcoates House was instituted in 1830, for the board and education of the sons of minis- ters of the Independent denomination of dissenters ; and there are three Sunday schools in connexion with the Established Church. John Forster, Esq., bequeathed to the poor of the parish three cottages and some land, situated here, to which an addition was made at the inclosure, the whole producing £51 per annum, which is annually distributed at Christmas. ALVERTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Kilving- TON, union of Newark, S. division of the wapentake of Newark and of the county of Nottingham, 7| miles (S. ^by W.) from Newark ; containing 26 inha- bitants. ALVESCOTT, a parish, in the union of Witney, hundred of Bampton, county of Oxford, 6 miles (S. S. E.) from Burford ; comprising 2021a. 29p., and con- taining 357 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 16. 8. ; net income, £371 j patron, Rev. Thomas Neate. All the tithes were com- muted for land and corn-rents, under an inclosure act, in 1796. The church is an ancient structure, consisting of a nave with semi-transepts, a massive western tower, and a chancel, which has been rebuilt, and contains some mural monuments. Goddard Carter, Esq., in 1723, left a rent-charge of £10, directing one-half to be applied in educating poor children, and the remainder in apprenticing them ALVESDISTON {St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Tisbijry, hundred of Chalk, Hindoo and S. divi- 51 sions of Wilts, 7f miles (E. by N.) from Shaftesbury ; containing 263 inhabitants. This parish takes its name from Aileva, who held lands here at the time of the Nor- man survey : it contains about 2733 acres. The living is a discharged vicarage, with the rectory of Broad-Chalk consolidated, and united to the vicarage of Bower- Chalk ; patrons and impropriators, the Provost and Fellows of King’s College, Cambridge. The church has a font of great antiquity, and in one of the aisles are four handsome mural monuments of marble to the me- mory of the Wyndham family. ALVESTON {St. Helen), a parish, in the union of Thornbury, partly in the Low^er, but chiefly in the Upper, division of the hundred of Langley and Swine- head, W. division of the county of Gloucester, Tmile (S. by E.) from Thornbury ; containing 841 inha- bitants. This parish, which lies on the road from Bristol to Birmingham, comprises by computation 2600 acres, including some waste lands, for the inclosure of which an act was passed in 1836 : the land is almost entirely pasture, and is thickly clothed with elm, beech, and oak. The scenery is grand, and the parish being situated on a high ridge, commands extensive views of the Severn and surrounding country. The living is a vicarage, annexed to that of Olveston : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £319, and the glebe comprises 25 acres. The church, situated at some distance from the village, is a small edifice in the later English style, with a low square embattled tower. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans, and a na- tional school was established in 1 835. There are some remains of a Roman encampment in a part of the parish called the Abbey. ALVESTON {St, James), a parish, in the union of Stratford-on-Avon, Snitterfield division of the hun- dred of Barlichway, W. division of the county of Warwick, 2 miles (E. N. E.) from Stratford ; contain- ing 793 inhabitants. It is situated on the river Avofi, and contains by measurement 2700 acres.. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s 'hooks at £6 ; net income, £220 ; patron. Rector of Hampton-Lucy ; im- propriator, George Lucy, Esq. The glebe consists of 90 acres. The church was rebuilt in 1839, at an expense of about £2300, chiefly raised by subscription. A school is supported. ALVETON, or Alton {St, Peter), a parish, in the union of Cheadle, S. division of the hundred of Tot- monslow, N. division of the county of Stafford, 4^ miles (E. by S.) from Cheadle ; comprising the town- ships of Alton, Cotton, Denston, and Farley, and con- taining 2390 inhabitants, of whom 11 68 are in Alton township. The extensive manor of Alton became the property of John Talbot, first Earl of Shrewsbury, by his marriage with the heiress of the Furnival family, and has remained with his descendants to the present time. The living, before the Reformation, was connected with the abbey, of Croxden, to which the benefice was attached by Bertram de Verdon of Alton Castle, in II76, after he founded the abbey. The ruins of the castle still remain, and are visible on the summit of a rock 300 feet above the bed of the Churnet : on the opposite bank of the river are the magnificent mansion and park of the Earl of Shrewsbury. The parish contains between 7000 and 8000 acres : there are limestone quarries in the town- ship of Cotton, and some copper-mines at Ribden. The AL VI A M B E Uttoxeter branch of the Trent and Mersey canal runs through the parish, its course being for some miles parallel with that of the Churnet, over which it is car- ried by means of an aqueduct. The village is romantic- ally situated on the banks of the river, which here flows through a fertile vale j on the summit of an adja- cent eminence is a lofty tower, commanding extensive and varied prospects. The living is a discharged vicar- age, valued in the king’s books at £5. 16. 5§. j net in- come, £151 5 patron, Earl of Shrewsbury, to whom and others the impropriation belongs : the glebe comprises 5 acres. The church, which displays a mixture of the Norman and English styles, was repaired and enlarged in 1831. There is a chapel at Cotton. The Calvinistic and Wesleyan Methodists have places of worship and a Roman Catholic chapel and school have been recently erected at Alton-Towers by the Earl. Anthony Wall, in 1721, founded and endowed a school for twelve boys, of which the endowment is £11. 15. per annum 3 and there are also three other schools. At Bunbury, in the parish, are the remains of a very extensive fortress, of an irregular form, ascribed to Ceolred, King of Mercia, about 715 : it is defended on three sides by a double vallum, and on the fourth by a steep declivity. ALVINGHAM (St, Adelwold), a parish, in the union of Louth, Marsh division of the hundred of Louth-Eske, parts of Lindsey, .county of Lincoln, 4 miles (N. E.) from Louth ; containing 313 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 1600 acres, and is inter- sected by the Louth navigation. The living is a perpe- tual curacy, with that of Cockerington, St. Mary, an- nexed, in the patronage of the Bishop of Lincoln, who, as appropriator, own« about 400 acres of land, allotted in lieu of tithes at the enclosure in 1819, and from the produce of which the ^incumbent’s stipend of £58 per annum is paid. The -church was rebuilt in 1826, and is a neat and commodious building, situated in the same c^rchyard as that of Cockerington, St. Mary. A na- tional school has been just built. A priory of Gilbertine nuns and canons, dedicated to the Virgin Mary and St. Adelwold, was founded here in the reign of Henry II., which, at the dissolution, was valued at £141. 15. per annum. ALVINGTON, a parish, in the hundred of Bledis- LOE, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 5§ miles (N. E.) from Chepstow 3 containing 340 inhabit- ants, and comprising by estimation 1550 acres. The abbot of Llantony, previously to the Reformation, ex- ercised capital jurisdiction in this manor, which subse- quently passed through various hands to the Highfords, of Dixton, from whose coheir it was purchased by the father-in-law of the present proprietor, who resides at Clanna House, in the parish. The road from Gloucester to Chepstow runs through Alvington, and the river Severn flows on the east. The living is consolidated with the rectory of Wollaston. ALVINGTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Brimpton, union of Yeovil, hundred of Stone, W. division of Somerset 3 containing 65 inhabitants. ALVINGTON, WEST (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Kingsbridge, hundred of Stanborough, Stanborough and Coleridge, and S. divisions of Devon, I mile (W. S. W.) from Kingsbridge 3 containing 998 inhabitants. It comprises 3676 acres 3 the surface is very hilly, and the soil chiefly arable, and a large quan- 52 tity of peculiarly fine cider is made. The living is a vicarage, with the perpetual curacies of South Huish, Malborough, and South Milton annexed, valued in the king’s books at £62. 16. IO5. 3 net income, £685 3 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Salis- bury. The glebe comprises 2 aer-es here, and 1^ in each of the parishes of Malborough and South Milton. The church contains some good screen- work in carved oak, an ancient stone font, and a beautiful monument to some member of the Bastard family, whose ancient seat has been converted into a farm-house. ALW ALTON (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Peterborough, hundred of Normancross, county of Huntingdon, 5 miles (N. N. W.) from Stilton 3 con- taining 329 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the river Nene, which here separates the counties of Hunt- ingdon and Northampton, and on the great north road, near its intersection with the road from Lynn to North- ampton 3 it comprises 910a. 3r. 38p., of which the soil is fertile, and the surface beautifully varied. On the banks of the Nene are found great blocks of grey fossil stone, susceptible of a very high polish. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £3. 5. 10., and in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of Peterborough : the tithes were commuted for 197 acres of land and a money payment, under an inclosure act, in 1805. The church exhibits in the body of the building a singular combination of Norman and early English architecture : it has been new roofed in appropriate style, and the chancel restored to its pristine elegance by the rector, who has also built a handsome parsonage-house. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. Dr. Timothy Neve, Archdeacon of Huntingdon, was buried here in 1757. ALWINGTON (St, Andrew), a parish, in the union of Bideford, hundred of Shebbear, Great Torrington and N. divisions of Devon, 4 miles (S. W. by W.) from Bideford 3 containing, with the hamlets of Fairy Cross, Ford, and Woodtown, 392 inhabitants, and comprising by measurement 2603 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £17. 4. 9^,, and in the gift of the Rev. I. T. Pine Coffin : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £241, and there are 60 acres of glebe. In the church, over the door of the chancel, is a curious ancient monument to a member of the Coffin family. In Yeo Vale, so called from the river Yeo, which runs through it, are the remains of a chapel. There is a parochial school 3 also a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and almshouses for three poor persons, endowed in 1696 b)"^ R. Coffin, Esq. AL WOODLEY, a township, in the parish of Hare- wood, Upper division of the wapentake of Skyrack, W. riding of York, 5| miles (N.) from Leeds 3 contain- ing 281 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 1250 acres, chiefly the property of G. L. Fox, Esq. 3 the an- cient hall, formerly the seat of Sir Gervase Clifton, who died in I666, is now a farm-house. The soil is fertile, and the lands are generally in good cultivation 3 the surface is undulated, and the surrounding scenery richly diversified. The township consists principally of irregu- larly built and widely detached houses. AMASTON, with Rowton, a township, in the pa- rish of Alberbury, union of Atcham, hundred of Ford, S. division of Salop. AMBERLEY, a chapelry, in the parish of Marden, hundred of Broxash, union and county of Hereford, A M B L A M B R 6|: miles (N. N. E.) from Hereford 3 containing 32 inha- bitants, and comprising 378 acres. AMBERLEY, a parish, in the hundred of West Easwrith, rape of Arundel, W. division of Sussex, 5 miles (N. N. E.) from Arundel 3 containing, with Rackham hamlet, 722 inhabitants. The bishops of Chichester had a residence here, erected at the close of the fourteenth century by Bishop Rede, and which is said to have been plundered and dismantled in the par- liamentary war by the army under Waller : the gateway is perfect, and, with other remains, has a bold and strik- ing appearance in the views of the surrounding district. The parish comprises by measurement 2878 acres, and is bounded on the west by the river Arun : the village occupies an elevated situation on a sandstone rock, and towards the south rises a range of steep downs, above which is a large knoll called Amberley Mount. The liv- ing is a vicarage, wdth that of Houghton united, valued in the king’s books at £7. 5. 7^* 5 net income, £166 3 patron and appropriator. Bishop of Chichester. The tithes were commuted in 1813 for 117 acres of land in this parish, and 16 in that of Angmering. The church has a nave of Norman, and a chancel of early English, architecture, separated by a Norman arch much en- riched. AMBERSHAM, NORTH, a ty thing, in the parish of Steep, union of Midhurst, hundred of East Meon, Petersfield and N. divisions of the county of Southamp- ton, though locally in the hundred of Easebourne, rape of Chichester, county of Sussex, 2^ miles (E. N. E.) from Midhurst 3 containing 133 inhabitants. AMBERSHAM, SOUTH, a tything, in the parish of Steep, union of Midhurst, hundred of East Meon, Petersfield and N. divisions of the county of South- ampton, though locally in the hundred of Easebourne, rape of Chichester, county of Sussex, 2^ miles (E. by N.) from Midhurst 3 containing 189 inhabitants. AMBLE, a township, in the parish of Warkworth, union of Alnwick, E. division of Coquetdale ward, N. division of Northumberland, 9 miles (S. E.) from Alnwick 5 containing 724 inhabitants. The village is pleasantly situated on an eminence near the mouth of the river Coquet, where a harbour has been formed under an act obtained in 1838, by which the value both of the soil and the minerals here has been greatly en- hanced. The place was anciently of much greater im- portance, as is evident from the discovery of circular foundations of houses, of unhewn and uncemented stones of British origin, and of Roman coins : a paved cause- way was also discovered, a few years since, extending in a direction towards the old bed of the Coquet. There are valuable and extensive mines of coal in the town- ship, the produce of which is exported to France and other parts. Through the indefatigable exertions of Thomas Browne, ESq., of Amble House, the Trinity Board have been induced to build a light-house on Coquet Island, about two miles from the shore, at a cost of £14,000 : it is of very great service, and is kept by a brother of Grace Darling. The tithes have been com- muted for rent-charges, amounting to £211. 8. 4., of which £170. 19. 6. are payable to the Bishop of Carlisle, and £46. 8. 10. to the vicar of the parish. On Coquet Island was a monastery, subordinate to Tynemouth priory, near the ruins of which several human bones were found some time since. 53 AMBLE COAT, a hamlet, in the parish of Old SwHNFORD, union of Stourbridge, S. division of the hundred of Seisdon and of the county of Stafford, I mile (N.) from Stourbridge 5 containing 1623 inhabit- ants. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £220. A school, in which are about 150 boys and 85 girls, is supported by subscription. AMBLESIDE, a market-town and parochial chapelry, partly in the parish of Windermere, but chiefly in that of Grasmere, Kendal ward and union, county of Westmorland, 25 miles (W. S. W.) from Appleby, and 274 (N. W. by N.) from London 3 containing 1281 inhabitants. The name, anciently written Hamelside, is probably derived from the Saxon Hamol, signifying a sheltered habitation. The town is situated near the site of a Roman station of considerable extent, supposed by Horsley to have been the Dictis of the Notitia : the earth- works of the fortress remain, and various Roman relics and foundations of buildings have been discovered. It stands on the acclivity of a steep eminence, near the northern extremity of the lake Windermere, in a district pre-eminently distinguished for the beauty of its scenery, and consists chiefly of one street, lighted with oil, but not paved : the houses, though detached and irregular, are well built. Tourists frequently make this their head- quarters, as many delightful excursions may be taken hence, to view the sublimely romantic and richly varied scenery of the lake district. There are a few manu- factories for linsey-woolsey 3 and a peculiar kind of mar- ble, of a dusky green colour, veined with white, is found in the vicinity. The market, granted in 1650 to the celebrated Countess of Pembroke, is on Wednesday 3 and fairs are held on Whit- Wednesday and the 13th and 29th of Oct., to which a court of pie-poudre is at- tached : the market-house was built about the year 1796, on the site of the former. The inhabitants re- ceived a charter in the reign of Charles II., under the authority of which they elect a mayor annually on Christmas-eve 3 but he does not possess magisterial authority, the town being entirely within the jurisdic- tion of the county justices, who hold a petty-session monthly. The living is a perpetual curacy, with a net income of £80 5 it is in the patronage of Lady Fleming, and the impropriation belongs to Sir R. Fleming, Bart. A rent-charge of £27, of which £14 are payable by Ambleside below Stock, and £13 by Ambleside above Stock, has been awarded to the rector of Windermere, as a commutation in lieu of tithes. The chapel, situ- ated in that part of the town which is in the parish of Grasmere, was made parochial by the Bishop of Chester in 1675, and was rebuilt in 1812. The free grammar school was founded and endowed by John Kelsick, in 1721 3 the annual income is about £127- At the upper extremity of the town is a beautiful waterfall called Stockgill Force. Bernard Gilpin, surnamed '^The Northern Apostle,” was born at Kentmere, and Judge Wilson at Troutbeck, near the town. AMBROSDEN (/St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Bicester, hundred of Bullington, county of Ox- ford, 2^ miles (S. E. by S.) from Bicester 3 comprising the chapelries of Arncott and Blackthorn, and contain- ing 892 inhabitants, of whom 181 are in the hamlet of Ambrosden. This place is supposed by Bishop Kennet, who was formerly incumbent of the parish, to have derived its name from Ambrosius Aurelius, the cele- A M E R AMES brated British chief, who encamped here during the siege of Alchester by the Saxons. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £11. I7. j net income, £228 5 patron. Sir G. O. P. Turner, Bart. 5 appropriator, Bishop of Oxford. The tithes were com- muted for land, under an inclosure act, in 1814. The church is stated to have been built in the latter part of the reign of Edward I., on the site of the original Saxon, or Norman, edifice, the northern entrance to which still remains ; it is in the early English style, with an em- battled tower, on the east and west fronts of which are some curious devices in plaster, and among the rest one of the paschal lamb. AMCOTTS, a chapelry, in the parish of Althorp, union of Thorne, W. division of the wapentake of Manley, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 1 if miles (E. S. E.) from Glandford-Bridge 5 containing 417 inhabitants. The chapel is dedicated to St. Thomas a Becket. The tithes vjere partially commuted for land, under an inclosure act, in 1779 ; and the impropriate tithes have been recently commuted for a rent- charge of £5. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. AMERSHAM, or Agmondesham (St. Mary), a market-town and parish,r and the head of a union, partly in the hundred of Burnham, county of Buck- ingham, and partly in the hundred of Dacorum, in a detached portion of the county of Hertford, 33 miles (S. E. by S.) from Buckingham, and (W. N. W.) from London j containing 3645 inhabitants. The town is situated in a pleasant valley, through which flows the Misburne, a stream falling into the Colne near Ux- bridge : it is surrounded by wood-crowned hills, and consists principally of one street, well paved : there is a plentiful supply of water. In the reign of Henry V. several of the inhabitants were burnt at the stake for professing the tenets of the Lollards 3 and in that of Mary, many of them suffered a similar fate : a spot of ground, occupying a circle of about 24 feet, is pointed out on the east side of the town as the place on which they suffered, and on which, it was supposed, no vege- tation could be matured j but, in 1842, the ground was opened by means of a subscription fund, and found to contain nothing but flints, which served as a sort of drainage, and impeded culture. A manufactory for silk crape has been for some time established, and many females are employed in the making of lace and straw- plat 3 wooden chairs are also made for exportation. The market is on Tuesday ; and fairs are held on Whit- Monday and Sept. IQth. The town was a borough by prescription, and sent burgesses to parliament from the 28th of Edward I. to the 2nd of Edward II., but made no subsequent return until the 21st of James I., from which time it continued to send two members till it was dis- franchised by the act of the 2nd of William IV. cap. 45. A constable and other officers are appointed at the court leet of the lord of the manor. The town-hall, situated in the centre of the town, is a handsome brick edifice resting on piazzas, erected by Sir Wm. Drake : the lower part is appropriated to the market 3 the upper, which is surmounted by a lantern turret, is used for transacting public business. The parish contains by measurement 7855 acres of land, in general hilly, and resting upon a sub-soil of chalk, flint, and clay : the hamlet of. Coleshill, locally in the county of Hertford, is connected with it. The 64 living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £48. 16. 1 |., and in the gift of Thos. Tyrwhitt Drake, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £1500, and there are about 123 acres of glebe. The church is a spacious edifice of brick coated with stucco 3 the chancel and an adjoining mausoleum contain several interesting monuments, exhibiting some beautiful speci- mens of ancient and modern sculpture, some of which are by the hand of Bacon. There are two places of worship for Baptists, and one for the Society of Friends. The free grammar school was instituted by Dr. Robert Chaloner, canon of Windsor, who, by his will dated June 20th, 1620, endowed it with £20 per annum, since augmented to more than £80 3 and in an apartment adjoining the grammar schoolroom is a writing- school, established in 1699, by Lord Cheyne, and endowed with a rent-charge of £20, free for the instruction in writ- ing and arithmetic of boys from the parishes of Amer- sham and Chesham-Bois, who pay for learning to read. An almshouse for six aged widows was founded by Sir Wm. Drake, Bart., and endowed by him in I667 : the income, arising from land and property in the funds, was augmented with a bequest of £300 by Wm. Drake, jun., in 1796, and now amounts to about £150. A fund of £87 per annum, arising from land and property in the three per cents., is applied, under the will of William Tothill, of Shardeloes, in apprenticing children, with sums of £15 or £20 each 3 and there are divers sums for distribution among the poor. The union of Amer- sham comprises 9 parishes or places in the county of Berks, and 1 in that of Herts, and contains a popula- tion of 18,207 : the workhouse is a good building in the Elizabethan style of architecture, erected at a cost of nearly £7000 3 it stands on the road leading to Wycombe, and will accommodate 350 paupers. AMERTON, a township, in the parish and union of Stowe, S. division of the hundred of Pirehill, N. ' division of Staffordshire 3 containing 120 inhabit- ants. AMESBURY {St. Mary and St. Melorius), a town and parish, and the head of a union, in the hun- dred of Amesbury, S. division of Wilts, 7 miles (N.) from Salisbury, and 78 (W. S. W.) from London 3 con- taining 1171 inhabitants. This place was anciently called Ambresbury, and that name is probably derived, not from Aurelius Ambrosius, as hitherto generally supposed, but from the combined appellations of Stone- henge and an ancient camp, both situate in the parish and near the town 3 viz. Ambres, holy or anointed stones, and burg, or bury, a camp 3 the holy stones near the camp. A monastery for 300 monks is stated to have been founded here by Ambruis, a British monk, or, more probably, by Ambrosius, which was destroyed by Gurthurm, or Gurmundus, a Saxon chief. After the conversion of the Saxons to Christianity, a synod was held at Amesbury, in the reign of King Edgar, to adjust the differences that existed between the regular and the secular clergy, which had been previously discussed in an assembly held at Caine. About 980, Elfrida, widow of the same king, founded here a nunnery of the Bene- dictine order, which she dedicated to St. Mary and St. Melorius, a Cornish saint, in expiation, it is supposed, of the murder of Edward, her step-son, at Corfe Castle. In 1177, the abbess and nuns were expelled, on the ground of incontinence 3 and Henry II. made it a cell to A M O T A M P N the foreign abbey of Fontevranlt. Queen Eleanor, widow of Henry III., assumed the veil in this convent, where she died in 1291. It was at length made denizen ; and at the dissolution its revenue was valued at £558. 10. 2. The manor and principal estates of Amesbury origi- nally appertained to the abbey, and at the Reformation were granted to the Lord Protector Somerset, and were carried by the marriage of a female descendant into the family of Bruce, subsequently Earls of Amesbury j they afterwards passed by sale to Lord Carlton, who left them by will to the Duke of Queensbury, husband to the celebrated duchess 5 and on the death of the last duke, they descended by entail to the late Lord Douglas of Bothwell Castle, by whom they were sold to Sir Edmund Antrobus, at whose decease they passed to his nephew, the present baronet. A mansion was built by the Somerset family nearly on the site of the ancient abbey j it has nearly been taken down by Sir Edmund Antrobus, who is replacing it by an extensive and ele- gant edifice, judiciously preserving the magnificent saloon of the former building. The town is situated in a valley on the banks of the Avon, and consists of two streets 5 it is neither paved nor lighted, but is well supplied with water. The market, which was on Friday, has been discontinued : fairs are held on May 17th, June 21st, and December 21st. The parish comprises 5600 acres 5 the surface is un- dulated, and the soil a gravelly loam upon a chalky sub- soil. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the Dean and Canons of Windsor, with a net income of £141 : about 5 acres of land in the parish of Hunger- ford, purchased by Queen Anne’s Bounty, belong to it. The church, originally of Norman architecture, has recently undergone thorough repair j it is warmed by two very handsome stoves, which cost £189, and were presented by Sir Edmund Antrobus. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. In 1677, John Rose be- queathed property for the establishment of a superior and a secondary school, the former for boys, and the latter for boys and girls : the endowment consists of a farm in the parish of Ditchett, county of Somerset, comprising 52^ acres, and of a messuage and garden at Amesbury, in the rent-free occupation of the master. Here is also a school founded under the will of Mr. Henry Spratt, in I7O8, and endowed with land now let for £50 per annum 3 and other schools are supported by subscrip- tion. The poor law union of Amesbury comprises 23 parishes or places, and contains a population of 7698. To the west of the river is an ancient encampment, with a vallum and deep fosse, occupying an area of forty acres, commonly attributed to Vespasian, but undoubt- edly of British origin : the road from Amesbury to Warminster is cut through its rampart. The poet Gay passed much of his time at Amesbury, under the roof of his generous patrons, the Duke and Duchess of Queensbury. AMOTHERBY, a chapeiry, in the parish of Apple- TON-LE- Street, union of Malton, wapentake of Rye- dale, N. riding of York, 3 miles (N. W. by W.) from New Malton 3 containing 239 inhabitants. This cha- peiry, which is bounded on the north by the river Rye, is situated on the road from Malton to Kirkby Moorside 5 the surface is undulated, and the scenery highly pictu- resque 3 the soil in the upland parts is rich, and in the valleys inferior 3 limestone of fine quality is extensively 55 quarried. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, in 1776. There is a small chapel of ease, and a school is endowed with 20 acres of land, producing £16 per annum. AMPHIELD, or Anfield, a hamlet, in the parish and union of Hursley, hundred of Buddlesgate, Fawley and N. divisions of the County of Southamp- ton, 4 miles (S. S. W.) from Romsey. This pleasant village is situated on the high road to Winchester, and is inhabited by a considerable rural population. A dis- trict church base been erected, chiefly at the expense of William Heathcote, Esq. AMPLEFORTH {St. Hilda), a parish, in the union of Helmsley, partly in the wapentake of Birdforth, and partly in that of Ryedale, N. riding of York 5 containing 446 inhabitants, of whom 207 are in the township of Ampleforth, 4^ miles (S. W. by S.) from Helmsley. The parish, anciently Ampleford, comprises by measurement 2270 acres. The village, which is long, and pleasantly situated, extends itself into the three townships of Ampleforth St. Peter, Ampleforth Bird- forth, and Os waldkirk- Quarter 3 it lies at the base of the hill which runs up to Hamilton, and on the south commands a beautiful view of the valley of De Mobray, embracing on the south-east Gilling Castle, and on the south-west Newborough park, which give to the vicinity a rich and diversified appearance. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £4. 6. 5|. 3 net income, £261 3 patron and appropria- tor. Prebendary of Ampleforth in the Cathedral of York. By an inclosure act in 1806, 199 acres were allotted in lieu of the vicarial tithes of the parish, and of all tithes for the township of Ampleforth. The church is an ancient structure, with a Norman doorway, beautifully carved and flowered. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. At Oswaldkirk- Quarter is situated Araple- forth College, a Roman Catholic establishment, founded in 1802 by the members of the college of Dieulouard, near Pont-^-Moiisson, in Lorraine, whose property was confiscated in the French revolution 3 the students, about fifty in number, are instructed in the ancient and modern languages, mathematics, &c. The establish- ment, which has been several times enlarged, is situated in the midst of extensive pleasure-grounds, and com- mands some beautiful views of the surrounding coun- try. National schools, for the instruction of children of both sexes, have been established. Half a mile north of the village are the remains of a Roman camp 3 and near it was discovered in March, 1808, by the Rev. Robert Nixon, a barrow, formed by a large circle of stones about ten feet in diameter, in which an urn and several ancient coins were found. AMPNEY, or Ashbrook {St. Mary the Virgin), a parish, in the union of Cirencester, hundred of Crowthorne and Minety, E. division of the county of Gloucester, S~ miles (E.) from Cirencester 3 con- taining 121 inhabitants. It is situated on the southern side of the road from Fairford to Cirencester, and has good quarried of limestone for building. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £72, derived from 57 acres of land 3 patron and impropriator. Colonel Beach. The church stands at a distance from- the village, and is a small structure. AMPNEY, or EasiNgton {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Cirencester, hundred of Crowthorne A M P T A M P T and MinetYj E. division of the county of Gloucester, miles (E. by S.) from Cirencester j containing 196 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the Lon- don road, is of small extent, comprising by measure- ment 533 acres 5 quarries of stone are slightly worked for mending the roads, and for fences, and some tiles are made here. There is a canal to Cirencester. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £90 5 patron. Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol ; appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Gloucester. On Rambury farm are the remains of a Roman camp, called Rambury Ring. AMPNEY-CRUCIS {The Holy Rood), a parish, in the union of Cirencester, hundred of Crowthorne and Minety, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 3 ^ miles (E.) from Cirencester 3 containing, with the hamlet of Hilcot End, 691 inhabitants. It comprises by iheasurement 3088 acres 5 the soil is various, in some parts of very inferior quality, and in others tolera- bly fertile stone suitable for repairing the roads is quarried. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 9. 0|., and in the patronage of the Crown 3 net income, £84 5 impropriator, G. G. Blackwell, Esq. The church has an embattled tower, and some portions of ancient architecture, among which is a handsome Norman arch, dividing the nave from the chancel. Here is a charity school, endowed, in 1719, by Robert Pleydell, Esq., with a rent- charge of £80. AMPNEY, DOWN {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Cirencester, hundred of Crowthorne and Minety, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 4 miles (S. W. by W.) from Fairford 3 containing 4^5 inhabitants. A portion of this parish lies in the northern division of the adjoining county of Wilts, and in the hundred of Higbworth. The manor-house, a very in- teresting specimen of ancient architecture, was formerly one of the many seats of the Hungerford family, and is situated precisely on the border line of the two shires. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10. 5. 8. 3 net income, £116 3 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Canons of Christ Church, Oxford. The church w^as built about the year 1260, by the Knights Templars, to whom Edward I. granted ^the living 3 it is chiefly in the early English style, with a tower surmounted by a spire. A school is wholly sup- ported by Lady Caroline Elliott, who also contributes to the maintenance of an infants’ school. AMPORT {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Ludgershall, hundred of Andover, Andover and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 4:| miles (W. by S.) from Andover 5 containing, with the tythings of East Cholderton and Sarson, 771 inhabitants, and comprising 3594 acres. The living is a vicarage, en- dowed with the rectorial tithes, with Appleshaw an- nexed, and valued in the king’s books at £25. 7« IL3 patrons. Dean and Chapter of Chichester. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £830, and there are 70 acres of glebe. Pursuant to the wdll of the Rev. Thomas Sheppard, D.D., dated in 1812, a school, and an almshouse consisting of six tenements, were built here by his widow, who has vested in trus- tees the sum of £9000 for the maintenance of the widows, the schoolmistress’s salary, medical attendance, and the repair of the buildings. AMPTHILL {St. Andrew), a market-town and parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of 56 Redbornestoke, county of Bedford, 7 miles (S. by W.) from Bedford, and 45 (N. W. by N.) from London 3 comprising by computation 1882 acres, and containing 201 inhabitants. In the reign of Henry VI., Sir John Cornwall, created Lord Fanhope, built a castle on the manor of Ampthill, which, about the year 1530, came into the possession of the crown, and w^as made the head of an honour by act of parliament. Catherine of Arragon, while the business of her divorce was pending, resided here, where she received the summons to attend the commissioners at Dunstable, which she refused to obey 3 and in memory of this, the Earl of Ossory, in 1770, erected on the site of the castle a handsome column, with an appropriate inscription by Horace Walpole, Earl of Orford. The modern seat is chiefly remarkable for the number of very ancient oaks which ornament the park. The town, pleasantly situated between two hills, is irregularly built, paved with pebbles, and amply supplied with water 3 it has been of late considerably improved by the removal of old buildings, and the erection of a good market-house. The market is on Thursday 3 and fairs take place on the 4th of May and 30th of November, for cattle. The county magistrates hold petty-sessions for the hundred at this town 3 and a court for the honour of Ampthill is held in the moot-house, an ancient building, under the lord high steward, at which constables and other officers are appointed. The LIVING is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 6. 8., and in the gift of the Crowm, with a net income of £330 : the tithes were commuted for land and corn-rents, under an inclosure act, in 1806. The church is a handsome cruciform structure, in the decorated and later English styles, with a square em- battled tower rising from the centre. There are places of worship for Independents, the Society of Friends, and Wesley ans. A charity school was endowed by Mrs. Sarah Emery, in I69I, with lands producing £30 per annum, half of which is given to the parish of Meppershall. There is a feoffee charity of about £100 per annum, derived from land and houses, for the benefit of the necessitous and industrious poor 3 and about a quarter of a mile from the town is an hospital, founded by John Cross, in 1690, which affords a com- fortable asylum for nine men and four women, who each receive about £20 per year, with bedding, coal, &c. The interest arising from a legacy of £700, left by Mr. Arthur Whichelner, in 1687, for apprenticing children, is shared by this parish conjointly with those of Maul- den, Milbrook, and Ridgemont. The union of Ampthill comprises 19 parishes or places, and contains a popula- tion of 15,681. AMPTON (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Thingoe, hundred of Thedwestry, W. division of Suffolk, 5:| miles (N. by E.) from Bury-St. Edmund’s 3 containing 147 inhabitants. In this parish, which com- prises 736a. 3r. 4jo., is the seat of Lord Calthorpe, scarcely surpassed for beauty of situation by any man- sion or grounds in Suffolk. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 2. 1., and in the gift of his lordship : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £120, and the glebe consists of 20 acres. Calthorpe’s school, adjoining the churchyard, w^as founded and endowed in 1705, by James Calthorpe, Esq., and has property in land consisting of about 430 A N C A A N C R acres, and yielding a rental of £384 j in addition to which Henry Edwards, in 1715, bequeathed £100, with which, and other accumulations, £1017 three per cent, consols was purchased, paying a dividend of £30. A school for girls, and an infants’ school, are chiefly sup- ported by Lord Calthorpe j and on Ampton green is an almshouse for four unmarried women, founded under the will of Mrs. Dorothy Calthorpe, dated 1693, and endowed with £700 Old South Sea Annuities. AM WELL, GREAT {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of are, hundred and county of Hertford, mile (S. E. by S.) from Ware 3 containing 1545 inhabitants. The parish contains 2443a. Ir. 12p., situated between the river Lea and the road from Cam- bridge to London 5 and is supposed to take its name from Emma’s Well,” which is now absorbed by the New River, which runs through, and greatly contributes to ornament the place. The village of Am well, par- ticularly that part of it adjacent to the church, is one of the most beautiful in the countv ; and within the limits of the parish is situated the East India College, founded in 1806, for the education of youths intended for the civil service of the company, and which con- tains accommodation for 105 students, who are super- intended by a principal and several professors. A pleasure fair is held on Whit-Moriday. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6 3 patron. Rev. Mordaunt Barnard 3 impropriator, E. F. Whittingstall, Esq. The great tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £418. 11. 6,, and the vicarial for £232 3 the glebe consists of 35 acres, with a house in a fine situation, built in 1840. Th6 chancel of the church is separated from the nave by three very ancient arches, supposed to be Saxon. Hoddesdon chapel, a handsome brick edifice, is in the parish. There js a national school for girls, which was endowed, about 1820, by Mrs. E. Jones, with £40 per annum 3 there is also a national school for boys 3 and another for boys and girls is supported by subscription. The remains of a Roman encampment are visible between the church and the vicarage-house. Great Amwell has been the resi- dence of some celebrated literary characters, among whom were Izaak Walton, the noted angler 3 Mr. Scott, author of several poems and tracts 3 and Hoole, the distinguished translator of Tasso, and biographer of Mr. Scott. The remains of Warner, the historian, were interred in the churchyard. AMWELL, LITTLE, a liberty, in the parish of All Saints, Hertford, union, hundred, and county of Hertford, 1:^ mile (S. E. by S.) from Ware 3 contain- ing 461 inhabitants. Here is a chapel of ease to the vicarage of All Saints. The New River, which supplies the metropolis with water, has its source in a spring that rises in this liberty, called Emma’s Well. ANCASTER {St. Martin), a parish, in the union of Grantham, wapentake of Loveden, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, df miles (N. E.) from Grantham, on the road to Sleaford 3 containing, with the hamlets of West Willoughby and Sudbrook, 530 inhabitants. This place occupies the site of a Roman station on the line of the ancient Ermin- street, which Horsley con- jectured to have been Causennce, but the name of which has not been satisfactorily ascertained : it was formerly of much greater extent than it is at present, and various coins, foundations of buildings, vaults, and other relics VOL. I.— 57 of the Romans, have been discovered. During the civil war of the seventeenth century, the parliamentarian forces were defeated here by the royalists, under the command of Col. Cavendish. The parish comprises about 3000 acres, of which 2780 are arable, 200 pasture, and 14 woodland 3 the soil is light, and the surface well wooded. The celebrated Ancaster” quarries (which are really in the adjoining parish of Wilsford) yield beautiful building-stone. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 4., and in the patronage and incumbency of the Rev. Mr. Warren 3 net income, £151, arising from 120 acres of glebe. The church is an ancient and handsome build- ing, with a tower surmounted with a tall slender spire 3 the arches on the north side of the nave are of Norman, and those on the south of early English, architecture^ the font is singularly elegant. There is a place of wor- ship for a congregation of Wesleyan Methodists. An- caster formerly gave the title of Duke to the family of Bertie. AN CROFT, a parochial chapelry, in the union of Berwick-upon-Tweed, Islandshire, county of Dur- ham, locally to the north of Northumberland (with the northern division of which it is connected for the pur- pose of parliamentary election), 6 miles (S.) of the town of Berwick, and containing I67O inhabitants, of w^hom 491 are in the township. This place is situated in rich and pleasant ground, and comprises the villages of Ancroft, Cheswick, Haggerston, Scremerston, and Greenses, of which the first appears, from the numerous foundations of houses that have been discovered in the adjoining fields, to have been formerly of much greater extent than it is at present. The parish comprises 9622 statute acres, mostly arable, and is rich in mineral produce. Limestone is very abundant, and is quarried to a great extent for the supply of the neighbouring districts, and is .also sent to Scotland 3 freestone and coal are likewise wrought in considerable quantities. The great north road from London to Edinburgh passes through the parish. The surrounding scenery is finely diversified, and enli- vened with some handsome seats, among which is Lady- thorn, in the village of Cheswick, occupying an elevated situation, and commanding a fine view of Holy Island, the Earn islands, the coast from Bambrough Castle to Berwick, and the Cheviot hills in the distance. Hagger- ston .Castle, the residence of Lady Stanley, is an old family mansion, built on the site of a more ancient castle, which was burnt down in 16 18, with the excep- tion of one of the towers, still remaining, in which Ed- ward II., in 1311, received homage of Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, for the earldom of Lincoln : the present house, which has received several additions within the last century, is beautifully situated in an extensive park, ornamented with fine groves and thriving planta- tions 3 in the grounds and near the house is the domestic chapel. There is a large colliery at Scremerston, the village of which was destroyed by the Scots in 1386, but was soon afterwards rebuilt. The Scremerston estate be- longed to the Earl of Derwentwater, on whose attainder it was forfeited to the crown, and now forms part of the possessions of Greenwich Hospital : the tithes of this property have been commuted for a rent-charge of £965. 2. 8. The living of Ancroft is a perpetual curacy 3 net in- come, £1313 patrons and appropriators, Dean and I A ND E ANDO Chapter of Durham. The church, a Norman structure, originally a chapel of ease to Holy Island, but now paro- chial, was enlarged in 1836, at an expense of £550, raised by subscription : tbe tower was so constructed that it served as a place of residence for the curate, and afforded him a protection from the Scottish marauders j it was, until lately, roofless, and an ash-tree, which had its root in the vaulted floor of the first story, spread over its battlements. At Haggerston is a Roman Catholic chapel 5 also a school, endowed with £10 yearly, and the master of which has a house rent-free. At Ancroft is a school in connexion with the National Society : the schoolroom and a cottage for residence were erected by Bishop Barrington, Archdeacon Bowyer, and the Dean and Chapter of Durham, in 18^5. Sir Thomas Hagger- ston, who was created a baronet in 1643, and raised a regiment for the service of Charles I., was born at Hag- gerston. See SCREMERSTON. ANDERBY {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Spilsby, Marsh division of the hundred of Calce- WORTH, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 4:| miles (E. by S.) from Alford ^ containing 243 inhabitants. The parish of Anderby comprises an area of about 1200 statute acres of land, by computation, and extends to the coast of the North Sea, which bounds it on tbe east ; the village is scattered, and is in the manor of Bilsby, a neighbouring parish. The living is a dis- charged rectory, with that of Cumberworth united, valued in the king’s books at £13. 10. 2|. 5 net income, £548 3 patrons. President and Fellows of Magdalene College, Cambridge. On the inclosure of the parish a fixed money payment of £65. 7v 8 acres of land, were assigned to the rector of Anderby in lieu of tithes for the portion inclosed. The church is a plain edifice. There is a place of worship for a congregation of Wes- leyan Methodists. ANDERSTON, or Anderson {St. Michael), a pa- rish, in the union of Blandford, hundred of Coombs- Ditch, Blandford division of Dorset, 6 miles (S.) from Blandford-Forum 3 containing 43 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the river Winterbourne (here a comparatively insignificant stream) comprises by measurement 566 acres, of which 414 are arable, and 1 52 meadow and pasture. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. I9. L? and in the gift of S. B. Tregonwell, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £120, and there are four acres of glebe. The church is an ancient edifice, and the place of sepul- ture of the family of the Tregonwells, whose former manor-house, a spacious building in the Elizabethan style, and in which is a chamber hung with decayed tapestry, is now the union workhouse. ANDERTON, a township, in the parish of Great Budworth, union of Northwich, hundred of Buck- low, N. division of the county of Chester, 1|; mile (N. W. by N.) from Northwich 3 containing 331 inhabit- ants. It is intersected by the river Weaver, on the northern bank of which there is an almost uninterrupted line of salt-works : the Grand Trunk canal also passes through it. ANDERTON, a township, in the parish of Stan- DisH, union of Chorley, hundred of Leyland, N. di- vision of the county of Lancaster, 4f miles (S. E. by S.) from Chorley, on the road from that town to Bolton 3 containing 339 inhabitants. 58 ANDOVER {St. Mary), a borough, market -town, and parish, having exclu- sive jurisdiction, and the head of a union, locally in the hundred of Andover, Andover and N. divisions of the county of South- ampton, 26 miles (N. by W.) from Southampton, and 64 (W. S. W.) from London3 comprising the hamlets of Charlton, Hatherden, King’s Enham, Little London, Smannell, Wildhern, and Wood- house, and the chapelry of Foxcote, and containing 5013 inhabitants. Andover, or, according to the charter, seal, and official documents, Andever, is a corruption of the Saxon Andeafara, which signifies the passage of the Ande, denoting the proximity of the town to the small river Ande, or, Anton. In the church at this place Anlaf, Kiug of Norway, in 994, received the sacrament of con- firmation, under the sponsorship of King Ethelred, pro- mising that he wmuld never more come in a hostile manner to England, which engagement he religiously performed. The town, situated on the border of the Wiltshire downs, and near the edge of an extensive woodland tract, forming the north-west portion of the county, is neat, airy, and w^ell built 3 it consists prin- cipally of three long streets, and is well paved under an act obtained in 1815, lighted with gas, supplied by a company lately formed among the inhabitants, and plentifully supplied with water. The manufacture of silk has, of late, entirely superseded that of shalloons, which was formerly carried on to a great extent ; and the construction of a canal from the town, through Stockbridge, to Southampton Water, has materially improved its trade, particularly in corn, malt, and timber, of which last a vast quantity is forwarded from Harewood Forest, for the supply of Portsmouth dock- yard. The principal market is on Saturday, and there is a smaller one on Wednesday : the fairs are on Mid- Lent Saturday and Old May-day, for horses, cattle, cheese, and leather 3 on the l6th of November for sheep, and on the following day for horses, hops, cheese, &c. Three miles west of Andover, and within the out- hundred belonging to the town, is Weyhill, where an annual fair is held, which, originating in a revel an- ciently kept on the Sunday before Michaelmas-day, has gradually become the largest and best attended in Eng- land. It takes place on Oct. 10th and six following days, by charter of Queen Elizabeth, confirmed by Charles II. The first day is noted for the sale of sheep, of which the number sold has frequently exceeded 170,000 3 on the second the farmers hire their servants ; after which hops, cheese, horses (particularly cart colts), cloth, &c., are exposed for sale. An additional fair, principally for sheep, was instituted in 1829, and is held on the 1st of August. The inhabitants appear to have received charters of INCORPORATION from Henry II. and Richard I., but the oldest now in their possession is one bestowed in the 6th of King John’s reign : several others were subse- quently granted, and that under which the borough was until recently governed, is dated in the 41st of Eliza- beth. By the act of the 5th and 6th of Wm. IV. c. 7d, A N G E ANGL the government is now vested in a mayor, four aider- men, and twelve councillors, assisted by a recorder, town-clerk, and other officers : the municipal boundaries are co-extensive with those of the parish, which is about twenty-two miles in circumference, and includes the parish of KnigbtSrEnham and the tything of Foxcote, both locally in this parish. The borough sent represen- tatives to all the parliaments of Edward I., but made no return after the 1st of Edward II. till the 27th of Elizabeth, since which period it has continued to send two members : the right of election was formerly vested in the bailiff and corporation, in number about twenty- four, but was extended by the act of the 2nd of William IV. cap. 45, to the £10 householders 3 the mayor is the returning officer. Courts of session are held quarterly 3 courts leet ' occur at Easter and Michaelipas 3. and the county magistrates hold a petty- session every Monday for the neighbouring district. The town-hall was erected in 1825, at an expense of £7000, towards defraying which each of the then members for the borough. Sir J. W. Pollen, Bart., and T. A. Smith, Esq., presented £1000 : it is a handsome and spacious building of stone, surmounted by a cupola 3 on the ground-floor is the market-house, over which are a. council-room for trans- acting the business of the corporation, and a hall for holding the quarter- sessions. The LIVING is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £17. 4. 3|. 3 net income, £350 3 patrons and impro- priators, Warden and Fellows of Winchester College. The church is an ancient building with a fine Norman doorwa)^ at the west end 3 the chancel is separated from the nave by a belfry. There are places of worship for Baptists, the Society of Friends, Independents, and Wesleyans. A grammar school was founded and en- dowed in 1569, by John Hanson, Esq., whose benefac- tion was subsequently increased by Richard Kemys, Esq. In 1719, John Pollen, Esq., one of the representa- tives of the borough, erected a school-house and endowed it with £10 per annum, for twenty children 3 in 1725, James Sambourne bequeathed £1000 for the instruc- tion of twenty-four children of Hatherden, in the parish 3 and a national school, for which rooms have been erected, is supported by subscription. An hospital for eight poor men was founded by John Pollen, Esq. ; and six unendowed almshouses for women were built with funds bequeathed by Catherine Hanson, who also gave an acre of ground, planted with trees, to be appropriated as a walk for the recreation of the inhabitants. The union of Andover comprises 28 parishes or places in the county of Hants, and 4 in that of Wilts, and contains a popula- tion of 16,990. The Roman road from Winchester to Cirencester passed near Andover, and is yet visible in Harewood coppice ; and, besides two or three small encampments n,ear the town, there is a large one, about a mile to the south-west, on the summit of Bury hill. Some beautiful specimens of Roman pavement have recently been discovered in the neighbourhood. And- over gives the inferior title of Viscount to the Earl of Suffolk. AND WELL, an extra-parochial district, in the union and hundred of Basingstoke, Basingstoke and N. divi- sions of the county of Southampton, 4| miles (E.) fi^om Basingstoke 3 containing 26 inhabitants. ANGERSLEIGH {St, Michael), a parish, in the union of Taunton, hundred of Taunton and Taunton- 59 Dean, W. division of Somerset, 4 niiles (S. S. W.) from Taunton 3 containing 42 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 411 acres, of which the arable and pasture land are in nearly equal portions. The living is a dis- charged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 19. 4|. 3 patron. Rev. Henry Tippets Tucker : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £98, and there are 18 acres of glebe. ANGERTON, HIGH, a township, in the parish of Hartburn, union of Morpeth, W. division of Mor- peth ward, N. division of Northumberland, 7 miles (W.) from Morpeth 3 containing 75 inhabitants. This place is noticed in the year 1262 as the residence of the Baroness Theophania, widow of Hugh de Bolbeck, who was sheriff of Northumberland, governor of several castles, and held other offices of importance : from the Bolbecks both High and Low Angerton went in regular descent to the Howards, with whom they continued until within the last few years. The township extends to the village of Hartburn, and comprises 1197 acres of rich loamy soil, whereof 550 are arable, 571 pasture, and the remainder woodland. The vicar of Hartburn receives £125. 9. for the tithes of this place. ANGERTON, LOW, a township, in the parish of Hartburn, union of Morpeth, W. division of Mor- peth ward, N. division of Northumberland, 7| miles (W. by S.) from Morpeth ; containing 64 inhabitants. A branch of the Greys, of Howick, resided here in the 17th century, as tenants under the Earl of Carlisle. It com- prises 1075 acres, of which 383 are arable, 646 pasture, and 45| wood : the river Wansbeck runs through High and Low Angerton, and is bordered by rich pastures, and both townships are the property of Bradford Atkin- son, Esq., who has just completed a handsome mansion in the Elizabethan style. The village stands on a dry ridge of gravelly alluvium, with the Wansbeck on the north, and flat marshy gullies nearly round the other three sides. The tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £106, payable to the vicar of Hartburn, ANGLESEY, a newly-erected watering-place, in the parish of Alverstoke, liberty of Alverstoke and Gosport, Fareham and S. divisions of the county of Southampton, 2 miles (W. S. W.) from Gosport. This interesting place occupies an elevated site at a small distance from Stoke’s Bay, and nearly opposite to the town of Ryde, in the Isle of Wight. The mild tem- perature of the climate, the beauty and variety of the surrounding scenery, the facilities for sea-bathing, and the goodness of the roads in its vicinity, have united to render it eligible as a watering-place, and it has already obtained a considerable degree of patronage, which is rapidly increasing. The first building erected was Ux-. bridge House, the seat of Robert Cruickshank, Esq., the founder of the town, the first stone of which was laid in 1826, by the Earl of Uxbridge, for his father, the Marquess of Anglesey, from whom the place derives its name. The buildings, consisting of a noble terrace and. crescent, are situated within a spacious area inclosed with iron-railing, and tastefully laid out and ornamented with shrubs and flowers : within the inclosure is a fine elevated terrace- walk, commanding a view of the Isle of Wight, Stoke’s Bay, the Mother Bank, and St. Helen’s, with the shipping passing between Spithead and Ports- mouth harbour. A commodious Jiotel was built in 1830, but, being found too small for the accommodation of the 12 A NI C ANNE increasing number of visiters, a house in the adjoining crescent was added to it : there are also reading-rooms and public baths. The bay affords good anchorage for vessels, and a communication is kept up with Ports- mouth harbour, the dock -yard, and the other naval arsenals in the vicinity, by Haslar lake, a branch of the harbour, which flows up within a few yards of the north entrance into the town. ANGLEZARKE, a township, in the parish of Bol- ton, union of Chorley, hundred of Salford, S. divi- sion of the county of Lancaster, miles (E. S. E.) from Chorley 3 containing 164 inhabitants. Here are several quarries which produce stone in great request for the paving of roads and streets 3 grey slate is some- times obtained in small quantities 5 and some years since an attempt was made to procure lead-ore, but not proving sufficiently profitable, the search^ was aban- doned. In the lead-mines carbonate of barytes was first discovered. ANGMERING, EAST and WEST (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Preston, (under Gilbert’s Act), hundred of Poling, rape of Arundel, W. division of Sussex, 5 miles (S. E. byE.) from Arundel 3 containing 1002 inhabitants. This place comprises East and West Angmering and Bargehara, formerly all distinct parishes, which were consolidated in 1573, since which time they have formed one parish, containing 4229 acres 5 of these 1933 are arable, 1895 pasture, and the rest underwood. East Angmering had anciently a weekly market, and an annual fair on the 31st of July 5 but the former has been long discontinued, and the latter has degenerated into a mere pleasure fair. The living comprises the rectory of West Angmering, with the vicarage of East Angmering consolidated, valued jointly in the king’s books at £21. 9. 8.5 patron, Capt. Pechell 3 impro- priator of the vicarage, the Rev. J. Usborne. The im- propriate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £26, the rectorial for £290, and the vicarial for £8. 5. The church is a handsome structure in the later English style, with a square embattled tower, and was repewed in 1837; it contains several monumental tablets to the Gratericke family. A school was founded by William Older, who in 1^79 endowed it with a cottage and gar- den, and 30 acres of land at East Angmering, now pro- ducing £90 per annum. On the lands of the church farm on the western borders of the parish a Roman bath was discovered in I8I9. ANGRAM, a township, in the parish of Long Mars- TON, W. division of Ainsty wapentake, W. riding of York, 5 miles (N. E. by N.) from Tadcaster ; containing 78 inhabitants. The road from York to Wetherby passes at a short distance on the north. In 1705, Edward Randall bequeathed £200 to the poor of Marston, Hut- ton, and Angram, the produce of which is applied to the instruction of children. ANGRAM-GRANGE, a township, in the parish of CoxwoLD, union of Easingwould, wapentake of Bird- forth, N. riding of York, 4^ miles (N.) from Easing- would 3 comprising 438a. 3r. 24p., and containing 24 inhabitants. The impropriate tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £106, payable to Trinity College, Cambridge. ANICK, a township, in the parish of St. John-Lee, union of Hexham, S. division of Tindale ward and of Northumberland, if mile (N. E. by E.) from Hex- 60 HAM ; containing 146 inhabitants. It comprises 360 acres, of which 27 0 are arable, and 90 meadow and pasture 3 about 9 acres are on the south side of the Tyne, and the remainder, including an island of 13 acres of grass land, are on its northern bank, gradually and beautifully sloping to the river, which sometimes over- flows the grounds in its vicinity 3 the soil is various, but rendered productive by means of artificial manure. The Newcastle and Carlisle railway skirts the township on the south. At Hexham Bridge End is a large brewery. The tithes have been commuted for rent-charges amount- ing to £104, of which £75. 13. 4. are payable to the impropriators, and £28. 6. 8. to the perpetual curate. ANICK- GRANGE, a township, in the parish of St. John-Lee, union of Hexham, S. division of Tin- dale ward and of Northumberland, mile (E. N. E.) from Hexham 3 containing 40 inhabitants. It for- merly belonged to the monastery of Hexham ; and is now the property of T. W. Beaumont, Esq., having a court baron attached. John Harbottle, Esq. resides here. ANLABY, a township, partly in the parish of Hessle, but chiefly in that of Kirk-Ella, county of the town of Hull, union of Sculcoates, E. riding of York, miles (W.) from Hull 3 containing 423 inha- bitants. This place was anciently a possession of a family of the same name, and in 1100 a great part of the estate passed, by intermarriage with its heiress, into the family of Legard, of whom Sir Thomas D. Legard, of Ganton, in this county, is the present representative. The township comprises about 2020 acres, including the adjacent hamlets of Wolfreton and Tranby, the former of which, consisting of 355 acres, is partly in the town- ship of Kirk-Ella. There is a place of worship for Wes- leyans. ANMER (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Docking, hundred of Freebridge-Lynn, W. division of Norfolk, 11 miles (N. E.) from Lynn 3 contain- ing 175 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 0. 1., and in the gift of H. Coldham, Esq. : the tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £194, and the glebe consists of 70 acres. The church, which is picturesquely situated in the grounds of the Hall, is chiefly in the decorated and later styles, and consists of a nave and chancel, with a chapel on the south side, and an embattled tower. On opening a tumulus a few years ago in the park, a fine Roman urn, containing bones and ashes, was disco- vered. ANN, ABBOTTS. — See Abbot’s- Ann. ANNE (ST.), or Briers. — See Owram, South. ANNESLEY (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Basford, N. division of the wapentake of Broxtow and of the county of Nottingham, 10 miles (N. N. W.) from Nottingham 3 containing, with the hamlets of Annesley-Woodhouse and Wandesley, and the extra- parochial district of Felly, 315 inhabitants. This parish comprises 3030 acres by measurement : it is intersected by the road from Nottingham to Kirkby Sutton, and is irregular in its surface, which in many parts rises into mountainous ridges. The soil rests on red sandstone, of which there are some quarries supplying an inferior material used chiefly for walls and small houses. The village is picturesquely situated 3 several of its inhabit- ants are engaged in the manufacture of stockings. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £52 3 patron A N ST A N S T and impropriator, J. Musters, Esq. The church is an- cient, and has a tower with two bells. ANNFIELD PLAIN, a colliery village, in the town- ship of Kyo, parish and union of Lanchester, W. di- vision of Chester ward, N. division of the county of Durham, 11 miles (S. S. W.) from Gateshead. This place has risen into some importance, and increased its population to 500, in consequence of the opening of a coal-pit, which is now in operation by the Pontop and South Shields Company, and of which the produce is conveyed to the shipping by the Pontop and South Shields railway. Edward Smith, Esq., head viewer of the mine, has a neat residence here. There is a place of worship for Primitive Methodists ; and a day school for the instruction of the pitmen’s children is aided by £15 per annum from the company. ANSLEY {St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union of Atherstone, Atherstone division of the hundred of Hemlingforh, N. division of the county of Warwick, 5j miles (W. by N.) from Nuneaton j containing 701 inhabitants. It is intersected by the Oxford canal, and comprises by measurement about 2700 acres, of which 37 are woodland. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 6. 8., and in the pa- tronage of the Crown ; net income, £116 : impropriator, D. S. Dugdale, Esq. A school in connexion with the National Society has been established. There are some remains of an ancient castle. AN SLOW, or Annesley, a township, in the parish of Rolleston, union of Burton-upon-Trent, N. divi- sion of the hundred of Offlow and of the county of Stafford, Sf miles ( N. W. by W.) from Burton j con- taining 278 inhabitants. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans. ANSTEY, a hamlet, in the parish of Hilton, union of Blandford, hundred of Whiteway, Blandtord division of Dorset j containing 200 inhabitants. ANSTEY {St. James), a parish, in the union of Foleshill, county of the city of Coventry, N. divi- sion of the county of Warwick, 5^ miles (N. E.) from Coventry ; containing 224 inhabitants. This place is situated at the north-eastern extremity of the liberties of Coventry, and on the road from that city to Wolvey heath, and thence to Leicester ; it was originally called Heanstige, from the Saxon heart, high, and stige, a path- way. It comprises by computation 1000 acres, and, with the exception of about 300 acres, is the property of the Dean and Canons of Windsor ; the Oxford canal passes through the village. The living is a vicarage, not ill charge, with a net income of £63 ; it is in the patronage of the Crown, and the Dean and Canons are appropriators. The church is said to have been founded in the time of Henry I. There is a national school. ANSTEY, a parish, in the union of Buntingford, hundred of Edwinstree, county of Hertford, 4 miles (N. E.) from Buntingford ; containing 497 inhabitants. It is situated on the road to Cambridge through Bark- way, and comprises 2051a. 3r. lip. A fair is held on July 15th. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £21. 13. 4. ^ net income, £504 ; patrons. Mas- ter and Fellows of Christ’s College, Cambridge. Corn- rents were assigned to the rector under a private act in 1826, as a commutation in lieu of tithes. The church is a cruciform edifice, with a central tower surmounted by a short spire supported by Saxon arches, and is said 61 to have been built from the ruins of a castle erected by Eustace, Earl of Boulogne, soon after the Conquest, traces of which are still visible. ANSTEY {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of BArrow-upon-Soar, hundred of West Goscote, N. division of the county of Leicester, miles (N. W.) from Leicester 3 containing 838 inhabitants. This place, formerly called Hanstigie, or Anstige, is situated between the forests of Charnwood and Leicester, and at the dis- solution of religious houses belonged to the priory of Ulverscroft, with a reserved rent of 3s. 4d., and a pound of pepper, due to the Lord of Groby. The living is con- solidated with the rectory of Thurcaston : the church is an ancient edifice. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. In 1376, certain lands, described as “lying in the fields of Anstey in Wolfdale,” were granted by John Lenerych, of Leicester 5 and in 1490 the ‘^Brere- yard” was devised by Thomas Martyn and William Haket, and vested in trustees for the repair of the church, bridges, and causeways of this place. ANSTEY {St. James), a parish, in the union of Tisbury, hundred of Dunworth, Hindon and S. divi- sions of Wilts, 5 J miles (S. E. by S.) from Hindon 5 containing 329 inhabitants. It comprises 1000 acres 3 the surface is hilly in some parts, and the soil chalky and sandy. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the pa- tronage of Lord Arundel 3 net income, £22. Here was a commandery of the Knights Hospitallers, founded by Walter de Turberville in the reign of John, the revenue of which at the dissolution was £81. 8. 5.3 its remains have been converted into a farm-house. Dr. Richard Zouch, an eminent civilian, and judge of the court of admiralty, in the reign of Charles I., was a native of the place. ANSTEY, EAST {St. Michael), a parish, in the union and hundred of South Molton, South Molton and N. divisions of Devon, 4 miles (W. S. W.) from Dulverton 3 containing 240 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the road to Barnstaple, comprises about 2170 acres 3 there are some quarries of stone, which are worked for building and other purposes. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £113 net income, £180 3 patron, Rev. A. Lloyd. The church is a plain neat edifice, with a tower 3 and the church- yard commands an extensive view. ANSTEY PASTURES, an extra-parochial liberty, in the union of Barrow-upon-Soar, hundred of West Goscote, N. division of the county of Leicester, 3f miles (N. W.) from Leicester 3 containing 15 inhabitants. This place, formerly parcel of the “ Ffrith of Leicestre,” and of the ancient duchy of Lancaster, was granted in the 27th of Elizabeth to Thomas Martyn and others, on a lease of 31 years, and after the expiration of that term was purchased, in the 4th of James I., from Robert, Earl of Salisbury, lord treasurer of England, by Robert Martyn, of Anstey, whose descendants have a seat here. The sum of £40 per annum, arising from lands allotted under an inclosure act, is applied to the repairing of the highways and bridges 3 and £10, and a further sum from Lord Stamford, are annually distributed in bread and linen among the poor. ANSTEY, WEST {St. Petrock), a parish, in the union and hundred of South Molton, South Molton and N. divisions of Devon, 3| miles (W.) from Dulver- ton 3 containing 279 inhabitants. In this parish are A N T H ANTI some quarries of stone for building. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10. 16. 8. ; patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Exeter. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £76. 17v and the vicarial for £112 ; the glebe consists of 37^ acres. The church is a substantial edifice, with a tower, and is in good repair. A school is endowed with £3 per annum ; and there is an endowed alms- house for the reception of aged and infirm poor. ANSTON, NORTH and SOUTH (^t. James), a pa- rish, in the union of Worksop, S. division of the wapen- take of Strafforth and Tickhill., W. riding of York, 6^ miles (W. N. W.) from Worksop 5 containing, with the township of Woodsetts, 1102 inhabitants. The pa- rish is on the road from Sheffield to Worksop, and com- prises about 4000 acres, of which the surface is varied, and the scenery picturesque. Freestone of good quality and of a beautiful colour is extensively wrought, and from the quarries has been raised the stone for the new houses of parliament. The manufacture of malt, starch, and nails is carried on to a moderate extent. The vil- lages, once called Church Anstan, and Chapel Anstan, respectively, are pleasantly situated on opposite emi- nences, betv^^een which flows one of the little streams th^t unite and form the Ryton ; they are exceedingly neat and clean, and the rivulet after leaving their imme- diate vicinity, passes into a little glen, where stands Wood-mill, possessed of considerable rural beauty. The Chesterfield canal, which bounds the parish on the north, affords facility of conveyance. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Prebendary of Laughton- en-lerMorthen in York Cathedral, with a nef income of £84 : the tithes for the manor of North Anston wer6 commuted, in 17 ^ 7 > for an allotment of land and a money payment. The church is a neat structure in the later English style, and consists of a nave, side aisles, and chancel, with a square tower surmounted by a small spire 5 it contains some monuments to the Lizour, Beauchamp, and D’Arcy families, with a finely sculptured figure of a lady bearing an infant in her arms. There are places of worship for Independents and Wes- leyans. Between the villages is situated an endowed school. ANTHONY (ST.) in Meneage, a parish, in the union of Helston, W. division of the hundred of Ker- RiER and of the county of Cornwall, 7 miles (S. by W.) from Falmouth ^ containing 313 inhabitants. Dur^ ing the civil war of the seventeenth century, a small intrenchment here, called Little Dinas, was occupied by the royalists, for the defence of Helford harbour, but was captured by the parliamentarian forces under Sir Thomas Fairfax, in. 1646. The parish, which is situated on the estuary of the river Helford, and divided by a creek that runs into it from the Nase Point to Gillan, comprises by measurement 1510 acres 3 the high grounds command fine views. The living is a discharged vicar- age, valued in the king’s books at £4. 15. 10., and in the patronage of the Crown 3 impropriators, the family of Gregor : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £210 for the great, and £140 for the vica- rial, and the glebe comprises 62^ acres. The church, situated at the foot of the promontory of Little Dinas, within fifty yards of the sea, is an ancient and elegant structure, with a tower built of a very fine granite, said to have been brought from Normandy. There is a 62 place of worship for Bryanites. At Conderra, in 1735> were found a very large number of Roman brass coins, chiefly those of the Emperor Constantine and his family. Here was anciently a cell to the priory of Tywardretfi. ANTHONY (ST.) in Roseland, a parish, in the union of Truro, W. division of the hundred of Powder and of the county of Cornwall, 9:|r miles (S. W. by s.) from Tregony 3 containing 144 inhabitants. It lies at the extreme point of Roseland, a verdant and bold peninsular promontory, connected on the north by a narrow isthmus with the parish of Gerrans. The living is a donative, in the patronage of S. T. Spr}^, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £118. The church, beautifully situated on the border of a navi- gable lake, which separates this parish from St. Mawes, contains some handsome monuments to the Spry family, of which one, by Westmacott, is to the memory of Sir Richard Spry, Rear-Admiral of the White. An Augus- tine priory, subordinate to that of Plympton, in the county of Devon, existed here till the general dissolu-^ tion ; its remains have been converted into a private residence called Place House. ANTHONY, WEST {St, Anthony and St. John THE Baptist), a parish, in the union of St. Germans, S. division of the hundred of East, E. division of Corn- wall, 5| miles (S. E.) from St. Germans 3 containing, with the chapelry of Torpoint, 2894 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £12. 17- 8^-? and in the gift of the Rt. Hon. R. P. Carew, the impropriator : the incumbent’s tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £307. 3. 6., with a glebe of 6 acres, and the great tithes for one of £284. 13. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A small endowed school was founded in I766, by Sir Coventry Carew, Bart. 5 and a national school was com- menced in 1823. ANTHORN, a township, in the parish of Bowness, union of Wigton, Cumberland ward, and E. division of Cumberland, 8 miles (N. W. by N.) from Wigton 3 containing 207 inhabitants. Here is a school with a small endowment. ANTINGHAM {St. Marx), a p^irish, in the union of Erpingham, hundred of North Erpingham, E, division of Norfolk, 2^ miles (N. W.) from North Walsham 3 containing 271 inhabitants. It is intersected by the road from North Walsham to Cromer, and com^ prises 1509«> 3r. 36/)., of which 1356 acres are arable, 33 pasture and meadow, 56 woodland, and 13 water, consisting of two lakes forming the principal source of the river Ant, which was made navigable to the eastern boundary of the parish in I8O6. The living is a dis- charged rectory, valued in the king’s books a,t £6.3. 1^.5 patron, Xord Suffield. Antingham, St. Margaret’s, is also a discharged rectory, consolidated with North Walsham, valued at £5. 6. 8., and in the gift of the Bishop of Norwich as abbot of St. Benet’s at Holme. The tithes of St. Mary’s have been conrmiuted for a rent- charge of £340, with nearly 16 acres of glebe 3 and those of St. Margaret’s for a rent-charge of £28. 10, The church of St. Mary is chiefly in the decorated style, with an embattled tower: in the churchyard are the remains of the church of St. Margaret, consisting of its tower, and some of its side walls. Neat schoolrooms were erected by the late Lord Suffield, at a cost exceeding £ 2000 . A P P E APPL ANTROBUS^ a township, in the parish of Great Btjdworth, union of Runcorn, hundred of Bucklow, N. division of the county of Chester, 5 miles (N. N. W.) from Northwich 3 containing 489 inhabitants. A school is supported principally by subscription. . AN WICK {St. Edith), a parish, in the union of Sleaford, wapentake of Flaxwell, parts of Keste- VEN, county of Lincoln, 4f miles (N. E.) from Slea- ford 5 containing 314 inhabitants. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, united, with the rectory of Dunsby, to the rectory of Brauncewell, and valued in the king’s books at £ 5 . 3. 11 ^. 3 impropriator, S. Hazelwood, Esq. The tithes were commuted for land and corn-rents, under an inclosure act, in 1791 . APESTHORPE.— ^See Applesthorpe. APETHORPE {St. Leonard), a parish, in the union of OuNDLE, hundred of Willybrook, N. division of the county of Northampton, 4^ miles (S. W. by W.) from ’Wansford 3 containing 269 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the road from King’s Cliff to Oundle, and on the Willybrook, at the border of Rock- ingham forest, and comprises 1669 ^^. 15p., a portion of which is occupied by Apethorpe Hall, the seat of the Earl of Westmorland. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £ 6 l 3 patron, Prebendary of Nassing- ton in the Cathedral of Lincoln. The church con- tains a sumptuous monument to the memory of Sir Anthony Mildmay, Bart., and his lady 3 and another with the recumbent figure of an infant, the eldest son of Lord Burghersh, beautifully sculptured by a Floren- tine artist. The Earl of Westmorland, by indenture in 1684, charged a farm with the payment of £36 annually in lieu of certain rent- charges assigned by his ancestors, for apprenticing boys and girls of Apethorpe, Wood- Newton, Nassington, and Yarwell, APETON, a township, in the parishes of Bradley and Gnosall, union of Newport, W. division of the hundred of Cuttlestone, S. division of the county of Stafford. APLEY {St. Andrew), a parish, in the W. division of the wapentake of Wraggoe, parts of Lindsey, union and county of Lincoln, 3 miles (S. W.) from Wragby 3 containing 162 inhabitants. It comprises I 66 O acres by measurement, of which 250 are woodland 3 the surface is flat, and the soil a cold clay, subject to inun- dation from a stream that divides Apley from the parish of Stainfield. The living is a perpetual curacy, valued in the king’s books at £6 3 net income, £20 3 patron and impropriator, T. Tyrwhitt Drake, Esq. For- merly there was a church, but at present there is only a small building erected on its site, in which the minister reads the funeral service, and the parishioners hold their vestries. APPERLEY, a township, in the parish of Bywell- St. Peter, union of Hexham, E. division of Tin- dale ward, S. division of Northumberland, 2 ^ miles (S. by E.) from Bywell 3 containing 34 inhabitants. It is situated at a short distance from the border of the county of Durham ; the Roman Watling- street passes on the south-west 3 and a stream, tributary to the Tyne, flows at this place in nearly the same direction. APPERLY, with Whitefield, a hamlet, in that part of the parish of Deerhurst which is in the Lower division of the hundred of Westminster^ union of Tewkesbury, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 63 4| miles (S. W. by S.) from Tewkesbury 3 containing 420 inhabitants. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans, APPLEBY MAGNA {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Ashby-de-la-Zouch, partly in the hun- dred of Repton and Gresley, S. division of the county of Derby, but chiefly in the hundred of Spark- ENHOE, S. division of Leicester, 5|: miles (S. W. byS.) from Ashby 5 comprising 2803a. and containing 1075 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £20. 9. 4|. 5 net income, £750, with a house 3 patron, George Moore, Esq. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, under an inclosure act, in 177 1 . The church, which is in Leices- tershire, was repaired and repewed in 1830, when some windows of painted glass were added by private dona- tion 3 it contains a curious monument to Sir Stephen and Lady Appleby. The free grammar school was founded in 1699 by Sir John Moore, Knt., lord mayor of London in 1682, wh 6 endowed it with an estate at Upton, consisting of 228 acres of land, producing about £315 per annum 3 the buildings, forming a spacious and handsome structure, were erected by Sir Christo- pher Wren. There is also a national school. APPLEBY {St. Bartholomew), a parish, in the union of Glandford-Bridge, N. division of the wapen- take of Manley, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 7 miles (N. W. by N.) from Glandford-Bridge 3 contain- ing, with the hamlet of Raven thorpe, 605 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 10 . 4 . 3 net income, £1503 patron, C. Winn, Esq. Sixteen children are instructed by means of a donation of £10 per annum from Mrs. Winn, and a contribution of £5 from the parish. Seal and Arms. Obverse. Reverse. APPLEBY, an incorporated market-town (formerly a representative borough), having separate jurisdiction, locally in East ward, union of East ward, county of Westmorland, of which it is the chief town, 274 miles (N. N. W.) from London 3 containing 1075 inhabitants. This place is thought, but on uncertain grounds, to have been a Roman station : Camden, from a similarity of name, erroneously calls it Aballaba,; and Horsley con- siders it to have been the Roman Galacunii A Roman road passed near it from Langton, on the east, to Red- land’s Bank on the north-west 3 arid some antiquities of the same people have been discovered in the vicinity. It has long been the head of a barony, sometimes called the barony of Westmorland 3 the rest of the county, which forms the barony of Kendal, having been an- ciently included in Lancashire arid Yorkshire. It was granted by the Conqueror to Ranulph de Meschines,^ A P P L A P P L ♦ whose son Ranulph, having in his mother’s right suc- ceeded to the earldom of Chester, gave it to his sister, the wife of Robert d’Estrivers. It afterwards came into the possession of the Engains and Morvilles, and was seized by the crown, in consequence of the participation of a member of the latter family in the murder of Thomas k Becket. King John bestowed it, together with the Sheriffwick and r$nt of the county of Westmorland,” upon Robert de Veteripont, lord of Curvaville, in Nor- mandy, whose grandson, Robert, joining the confederated barons, in the reign of Henry III., it escheated to the crown, but was restored to the two younger daughters of Robert, and subsequently, by marriage, came into the possession of the illustrious family of Clifford, whose descendants, the Tuftons, earls of Thanet, have ever since enjoyed it, with all its rights and dignities. The town was anciently of much greater magnitude than it is at present, as is evident from the situation of a township called Burrals (Borough Walls), a mile distant, and from the discovery of old foundations at the distance of more than two miles, to which the town and its suburbs formerly extended. An ancient record, about the period of the reign of Edward I., makes men- tion of a sheriff of Applebyshire j from which it appears that the town gave name to one of those districts into which Edward the Confessor divided the earldom of Northumberland. It retained its importance from the time of the Romans until the year 1176, when William, King of Scotland, surprised the castle, and destroyed the town 3 from which calamity, however, it had so far recovered in the reign of Henry HI., that a court of exchequer was established here. A Carmelite mo- nastery was founded at Battleborough, in the parish of St. Michael, in 1^281, by the Lords Vesey, Clifford, and Percy, the site of which is now occupied by a neat modern mansion, called the Friary. In the year 1388 the town was again totally laid waste by the Scots, from the effects of which it never afterwards recovered : so that, in the reign of Philip and Mary, it was found necessary to reduce the ancient fee- farm rent, due to the crown, from twenty marks to two. In 1598 it was nearly depopulated by the plague, and its market was consequently removed to Gilshauglilin, a village, five miles distant. At the commencement of the parliamen- tary war, the castle was garrisoned for the king by the Lady Anne Clifford, Countess of Pembroke and Mont- gomery, and continued in his interest until after the battle of Marston-Moor, when all the northern for- tresses fell into the possession of the parliament. The TOWN is pleasantly situated on the river Eden, by which it is almost surrounded, and on the great north road j it is well paved and amply supplied with water, and consists of one spacious street, intersected at right angles by three smaller, and terminated at one extremity by the castle, and at the other by the church of St. Lawrence 3 at each end also is a handsome stone obelisk, or cross. An ancient stone bridge of two arches, over the Eden, connects the suburb of Bongate with the borough. The castle stands on a steep and richly-wooded eminence rising from the river : it suf- fered much in the wars with Scotland, especially in the reigns of Richard II. and Henry IV. Of the original structure, said to be of Roman foundation, only a detached portion, called Caesar’s tower, and a small part of the south-east end, remain 3 the greater part of 64 it was rebuilt by Lord Clifford, in the reign of Henry VI., and again by Thomas, Earl of Thanet, in I686* The castle is of square form, and contains several apart- ments of noble dimensions, adorned with a large and valuable colle.ction of ancient family portraits 5 the magnificent suit of gold and steel armour worn by George Clifford in the tilt-yard, when he acted as cham- pion to his royal mistress Queen Elizabeth, is also pre- served here, as too is the famous genealogical picture of the Veteriponts, ClifiPords, and Tuftons. The shrievalty of the county of Westmorland is hereditary, and has descended lineally through the male and female line from the year 1066 to the present time. The castle has been from time immemorial the temporary resi- dence of the judges travelling the northern circuit, who are entertained here at the expense of the Earl of Thanet. In the vicinity are lead-mines worked by the London Min- ing Company 3 also quarries of red freestone used for building 5 and at Coupland-Beck is a carding and spin- ning-mill, where yarn is spun for coarse woollen cloth, stockings, and carpets. The market is on Saturday 3 and fairs are held on the Saturday before Whit- Sunday, for cattle 3 on Whit-Monday for linen cloth, and the hiring of servants 3 the second Wednesday in June (commonly called Brampton Fair), and the 21st of August, for horses, cattle, sheep, woollen cloth, cheese, and other articles. The market-house, or the cloisters, is a hand- some structure near the church, rebuilt by the cor- poration in 1811, in the early style of English archi- tecture, after a design by Mr. Smirke. Appleby, which is a borough by prescription, re- ceived a charter of incorporation from Henry I., with privileges equal to those of York, which was confirmed by Henry II., King John, Henry HI., Edward I., and Edward HI. 3 the last monarch’s charter reciting that the borough had been seized by Edward II. for an arrear of rent, and was then in the possession of the crown 3 and granting the town again to the burgesses, on the same terms as before. The officers of the corpo- ration are a mayor, deputy-mayor, twelve aldermen, and sixteen common-councilmen, assisted by a recorder, town- clerk, two coroners, two chamberlains, a sword- bearer, mace-bearer, two sergeants-at-mace, and two bailiffs 3 the mayor is a justice of the peace, but exer- cises only a limited jurisdiction. Petty-sessions are held here by the county magistrates every Saturday 3 the assizes for the county also take place here 3 and the general quarter-sessions are held alternately at x\.ppleby and Kendal, the Easter and Michaelmas at the former, and the Epiphany and Midsummer at the latter. The town-hall is a large ancient edifice in the principal street. The county gaol and house of correction has been adapted to the radiating plan : adjoining it is the shire-hdl, built in 177 1 . The borough sent members to parliament /rom the 23rd of Edward I., but was dis- franchised by the act of the 2nd of William IV. cap. 45 : the right of election was vested in the holders of burgage tenements, in number about 200 3 and the mayor was the returning officer. Appleby is the place of election of knights of the shire, for which also it has been constituted a polling- place. The town is situated in the parishes of St. Lawrence and St. ' Michael, that portion of it which is in the latter being named Bongate : St. Lawrence’s contains a popu- lation of 1354, and St. Michael’s one of 1165. The A P P L A P P L LIVINGS of both are vicarages. That of St. Lawrence is valued in the king’s books at £9- 5. 2^., and has a net income of £306 : it is in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle, and attached to it are 5 1 acres of ancient glebe, and 252 allotted in lieu of tithes. That of St. Michael is valued at £20. 13. 9. } net income, £1753 patron. Bishop of Carlisle. The tithes of the manor of Appleby were commuted for land, under an in- closure act, in 1772 : the Dean and Chapter are appro- priators of both parishes. The church of St. Lawrence is partly in the decorated, and partly in the later style of English architecture 3 it contains the remains of Anne, the celebrated Countess of Pembroke, Dorset, and Montgomery, who died in 1675, and of her mother, the Countess of Cumberland, to the memory of each of whom there is a splendid marble monument. The church of St. Michael is situated about three-quarters of a mile south-east of the town ; and about three miles and a half from it, between the villages of Hilton and Murton, is a place of worship for Wesleyans. The free grammar school, founded by the burghers, existed long before the dissolution of religious houses, but was estab- lished on its present foundation in the l 6 th of Elizabeth, when the management was vested in ten governors, who are a corporate body : the endowment, arising from different sources, is about £200 per annum. It has five exhibitions, of £8 per annum each, to Queen’s College, Oxford, founded by Thomas, Earl of Thanet, in 1720 , and is entitled to send candidates for one of Lady Elizabeth Hastings’ exhibitions to the same college. Dr. Bedel, Bishop of Kilmore 3 Dr. Barlow, Bishop of Lincoln 3 Drs. Smith and Waugh, Bishops of Carlisle 3 and Dr. Langhorne, the translator of Plutarch, were educated in the school. Other schools on the national plan have also been established 3 and there is an endowment in land, producing about £7 per annum, which is ap- plied in aid of a school in the township of Murton, called Thwaite school. St. Ann’s hospital, for 13 aged widows, was founded and endowed in 1653, by Anne, Countess of Pembroke 3 the revenue arising from lands is about £ 490 , and it has a considerable funded pro- perty. The building, which is quadrangular, comprises 13 distinct habitations and a neat chapel 3 the chaplain and sisters are appointed by the Earl of Thanet, as heir of the Countess, who left also various lands at Temple- Sowerby, in this parish, for repairing the church, school- house, town-hall, and bridge. In the neighbourhood were two ancient hospitals for lepers, dedicated respec- tively to St. Leonard and St. Nicholas 3 the estate of the latter was applied by the countess towards the endow- ment of her almshouse. There was also a chapel at the western end of the stone bridge of St. Lawrence 3 and the ruins of another have been found at Chapel hill. About a mile north of the village of Crackenthorpe, on the ancient Roman way, was a Roman encampment 3 and a little further to the north was discovered, on sink- ing the foundation of a new bridge, in 1838, between the parish of St. Michael and Kirkby-Thore, a variety of Roman coins and other antiquities. At Machill bank, near the Roman way, urns have been found in circular pits of clay, apparently dug for their reception. Thomas de Appleby, Bishop of Carlisle, and Roger de Appleby, Bishop of Ossory, were natives of the town. APPLEDORE, a small sea port town, in the parish of Northam, union of Bideford, hundred of Sheb- VoL. I. — 65 BEAR, Great Torrington and N. divisions of Devon, 3 miles (N.) from Bideford 3 containing 2174 inhabitants. This spot is celebrated in history for the many battles between the Saxons and the Danes which took place in the immediate vicinity, more especially for the decisive and important victory obtained, by Earl Odun and the men of Devon, over a large army of Danes under the command of Hubba, who, in the reign of Alfred, landed here with thirty-three ships. The invaders were re- pulsed with great slaughter and the loss of their leader, who, being taken prisoner, was beheaded on a hill in the neighbourhood, on which a stone has been erected to mark the spot, and which still retains the name of Hubberstone hill. The town is pleasantly situated on the shore of Barnstaple bay, and, from its facilities for sea-bathing, the mildness of its climate, and the ro- mantic beauty and variety of the surrounding scenery, has been gradually growing into importance as a favourite watering-place. The beach, which is from two to three miles in length, is a firm level sand, affording an excel- lent promenade 3 and there are some agreeable walks and rides in the vicinity. The streets are for the greater part narrow and inconvenient, but, leading down to the beach, they are ventilated by a current of pure air 3 and the atmosphere, impregnated with saline particles from the sea, and softened by the adjacent hills, is considered very favourable for invalids. The market is well sup- plied with fish, and with every other kind of provisions. The Burrows, a fine tract of land, on which every in- habitant householder has the right of common, is de- fended from the sea by an embankment called Pebble- ridge, which is nearly two miles in length, 150 feet broad at the base, and considerably higher than high-water mark. The parish church at Northam, being about a mile and a half distant, a chapel of ease has been lately erected here by subscription, containing 550 sittings, of which 275 are free. There is a place of worship for In- dependents, and there was formerly a Roman Catholic chapel. APPLEDORE {St, Peter anr St. Paul), a parish, in the union of Tenterden, partly in the liberties of Romney Marsh, but chiefly in the hundred of Black- bourne, lathe of ScRAY, W. division of Kent, 6 miles (S. E. by S.) from Tenterden 3 containing 561 inhabit- ants. Some trade is carried on in coal, timber, and other merchandise, by means of the Royal Military canal, which passes close to the village. The living is a yicarage, with Ebony annexed, valued in the king’s books at £213 net income, £185 3 patron and appro- priator, Archbishop of Canterbury. The church is a spacious edifice, in various styles, with a Norman tower, which appears to have formed part of the ancient castle, on the site of which the church is built. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. APPLEDRAM {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of West Hampnett, hundred of Box and Stockbridge, rape of Chichester, W. division of Sussex, 1 |- mile (S. W.) from Chichester 3 containing 156 inhabitants. It is bounded on the west by the harbour of Chichester, and is of very small extent. Considerable business is done in the timber and coal trade at Dell Quay harbour. The manor-house, crowned with turrets, and surrounded by a moat, is a good specimen of the style of domestic architecture of the reign of Henry VIII. : near it are the remains of another ancient house, now occupied by a K A P P L A P P L farmer. The living is a perpetual curacy, valued in the king’s books at £14 3 net income, £34; patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Chichester. The church is in the early English style. APPLEFORD, a chapelry, in the parish of Sutton- CouRTNEY, union of Abingdon, hundred of Ock, county of Berks, 3^ miles (S. E.) from Abingdon ; con- taining 187 inhabitants, and comprising 8*20 acres. The chapel is dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £344. 10., payable to the Dean and Canons of Windsor. A free school was founded and endowed by Edmund Brad- stock, for the education of twenty poor children, seven from the chapelry of Appleford, and the remainder from the parish of Sutton. APPLESHAW, a parish, in the union and hundred of Andover, Andover and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 5 miles (N. W. hy W.) from Andover ; containing 37^ inhabitants. Fairs for the sale of sheep are held on May 23rd, Oct. 9th, and Nov. 4th and 5th. The living is annexed to the vicarage of Amport : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £206. The church, erected in 1832 at an expense of £1300, is a neat edifice, containing 270 sittings, of which 86 are free. There is a school with a small endowment. APPLESTHORPE, or Apesthorpe {St, Peter), a parish, in the union of East Retford, North-Clay division of the wapentake of Bassetlaw, N. division of the county of Nottingham, 5 miles (N. by E.) from East Retford; containing 109 inhabitants. It com- prises 783a. 3r. 27p., and is bounded on the east by the river Trent ; the surface is flat, and the soil a stiffish clay ; the land is rich meadow, near the Trent. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £81 ; patron. Prebendary of Apesthorpe in the Cathedral of York. The tithes were commuted for land, under an inclosure act, in 1795. The church has been' more than a century in ruins, and the inhabitants therefore attend that at North Leverton : there is, however, a burial-ground, which was inclosed in 1833. APPLETH WAITE, a township, in the parish of Windermere, union and ward of Kendal, county of Westmorland, 5^ miles (S. E.) from Ambleside ; con- taining 436 inhabitants. In the township are several beautiful villas, among which is Calgarth park, com- menced in 1789 by Dr. Watson, Bishop of LlandafF, who occupied it till his death in 1816, when his remains were interred at Bowness. Two bobbin-mills afford employment to a portion of the population. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £27. APPLETON {St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union of Abingdon, hundred of Ock, county of Berks, 5^ miles (N. W.) from Abingdon ; comprising 1981a. 2p., and containing, with the township of Eaton, 496 in- habitants. It is bounded on the north-west by the river Thames, which separates it from the county of Oxford, and on the south-east by a small stream called the Ouse. The surface undulates gently from the banks of the Thames, and the scenery is pleasingly diversified ; the soil near the river is of a clayey quality, and in the more elevated lands a rich and fertile loam. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 5., and in the gift of Magdalene College : the tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £455, and the glebe com- prises 32 acres. The church contains a few monuments 66 to the Fettiplace family. A school was endowed with about 8 acres , of land by Sir R. Fettiplace and other benefactors. There are some remains of two ancient manor-houses, each surrounded by a moat. Dr. Ed- • mund Dickinson, author of a work entitled Delphi Phoenicizantes, tracing to the Bible the origin of the heathen mythology, was born here in 1624. APPLETON, with Hull, a township, in the parish of Great Budworth, union of Runcorn, hundred of Bucklow, N. division of the county of Chester, miles (S. S. E.) from Warrington; containing 1753 inhabitants. APPLETON, with Widness, a township, in the union and parish of Prescot, hundred of West Derby, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 6|- miles (W. by S.) from Warrington. The navigable river Mersey runs on the south. There are places of worship for Wesley ans and Roman Catholics. APPLETON {St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Freebridge-Lynn, W. division of Nor- folk, 8 miles (N. E. by E.) from Lynn ; comprising 876a. Ir. 7p., of which 508 are arable ; and containing 25 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8 ; patron, I. Motteux, Esq. : the impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £10, and the vicarial for £8. The church has fallen into ruins. APPLETON, a township, in the parish of Catte- RiCK, union of Richmond, wapentake of Hang-East, N. riding of York, 2 miles (S. by W.) from Catterick; containing 91 inhabitants. It comprises about 1480 acres, and includes the small hamlets of East and West Appleton. APPLETON-LE-MOORS, a township, in the parish of Lastingham, union of Pickering, wapentake of Ryedale, N. riding of York, 3j miles (E. N. E.) from Kirkby-Moorside ; containing 322 inhabitants. It com- prises about 2570 acres, of which nearly 1300 are open moorland : the river Seven passes on the east, and the road from Kirkby-Moorside to Pickering on the south. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans. John Stockton, in 1839, left £10 a year for the instruction of children. APPLETON-LE- STREET {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Malton, wapentake of Ryedale, N. riding of York ; comprising the townships of Amother- by, Appleton-le-Street, Broughton, Hildenley, and Swin- ton; and containing 944 inhabitants, of whom 185 are in the township of Appleton-le-Street, 3f miles (W. N. W.) from New Malton. This parish, which is bounded on the north by the river Rye, is situated on the road to Thirsk ; the surface is undulated, and the scenery richly diversified ; limestone of excellent quality is abundant, and extensively quarried. The living is a vicarage, with the chapel of Amotherby, valued in the king’s books at £7. 8. 6|.; net income, £515; patron and incumbent. Rev. J. J. Cleaver ; impropriators, the Earl of Carlisle, F. Cresswell, Esq., and others. The church is in the Norman style, with a square tower. APPLETON- ROEBUCK and Nun-Appleton, a township, in the parish of Bolton-Percy, W. division of Ainsty wapentake, W. riding of York, 7| miles (S. S. W.) from York ; containing 564 inhabitants. This place comprises by computation 2800 acres, chiefly the property of the Milner family, whose splendid mansion, APPL A R D I Nun-Appleton Hall, stands in an extensive and finely ■wooded park, near the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Wharfe, and was built by Thomas, Lord Fairfax, on the site of a Cistercian priory for nuns, founded by Alice de St. Quintin at the commencement of the thirteenth cen- tury, and suppressed at the dissolution. The village is situated in the vale of a rivulet, and contains several dwelling-houses. There is a place of worship for Wes- leyans j and a national school, built by subscription in 1817, is supported by the rector and Sir William M. S. Milner, Bart. APPLETON-UPON-WISK, a parish, in the union of North-Allerton, W. division of the liberty of Langbaurgh, N. riding of York, 7i miles (S. S. W.) from Yarm ^ containing 600 inhabitants. The manor, at the time of the Domesday survey, was in the hands of the Conqueror, and was then styled Apeltune : it was afterwards granted by that monarch to Robert de Brus, lord of Skelton, who gave it to the abbey of St. Mary at York j and with that institution it continued till the dissolution, when it was bestowed by Henry VIII. upon Sir Charles Brandon, Knt. The parish, which is bounded on the south by the river Wisk, is about two miles in length from east to west, and a mile and a half broad, and comprises 1827«. 2r. 25/>., of which 1101 acres are arable, 666 grass land, 9,7 wood, and 39 cottages, gar- dens, roads, and waste 5 the soil is a strong clay, and the fields, which adjoining the river are low, rise from it by a gradual and easy ascent towards the north. The manufacture of linen is carried on to a considerable ex- tent, and affords employment to about 100 of the inha- bitants. The village is situated at the southern extre- mity of the parish, in the most westerly part of Cleveland, and is intersected by the roads between Richmond and Stokesley and North-Allerton and Yarm. The living is annexed to the rectory of Great Smeaton ; net income, exclusively of Great Smeaton, £185 5 impropriator. Rev. J. Hewgill. The church is a small ancient build- ing. There are places of worship for Independents, Primitive Methodists, and Wesleyans^ and three small schools are partly supported by the parents of the chil- dren, and partly by subscription. APPLETREE, a hamlet, in the parish of Aston- le-Walls, union of Banbury, hundred of Chipping- Warden, S. division of the county of Northampton, 7 miles (N. N. E.) from Banbury ; containing 99, inha- bitants, and comprising 526a. 30p. It is situated on the borders of Oxfordshire, which bounds it on the south-, west. APPLETREE-WICK, a township, in the parish of Burnsall, union of Skipton, E. division of the wapen- take of Stainceiffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 9 miles (N. E. by N.) from Skipton j containing 467 inha- bitants. This township, which forms the eastern side of Wharfdale, and includes the hamlets of Gateup and Skireholm, comprises by computation 7740 acres, chiefly the property of the Earl of Craven, and W. H. F. Caven- dish, and John Yorke, Esqrs., which last is lord of the manor : the lands are chiefly a high moorland district affording tolerable pasture. The village is pleasantly situated 5 and a fair for horses and cattle is held annu- ally on the 25th of Oct. under a charter granted in the reign of Edward III. Christ-church in Skireholm was erected in 1837 by subscription, at a cost of £240, as a chapel of ease to the mother church : it is a neat small 67 edifice. William Craven, lord mayor of London in 1611, and whose son was created Baron Craven in the 2nd, and Earl of Craven in the l6th, of Charles II., an- cestor of the present earl, was a native of this place. ARBORFIELD {St. Bartholomew), a parish, in the union of Wokingham, hundred of Sonning, county of Berks, 5 miles (S. E. by S.) from Reading 5 com- prising 1468a. 2r. 25p., and containing 300 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8, and in the gift of Lord Braybrooke : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £398. A school is supported by subscription. The village of Arborfield Cross, about a mile from the church, is partly in this parish, and partly in that of Hurst. ARBURY, with Houghton and Middleton, a township, in the parish of Winwick, union of War- rington, hundred of West Derby, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 2| miles (N. by E.) from War- rington. ARCLEBY, a hamlet, in the parish of Plumbland, union of Cockermouth, Allerdale ward below Der- went, W. division of Cumberland, 7 miles (N. N. E.) from Cockermouth. There are some coal- works in the vicinity. ARCLID, a township, in the parish of Sandbach, union of Congleton, hundred of Northwich, S. divi- sion of the county of Chester, 2 miles (E. N. E.) from Sandbach , containing 121 inhabitants. The impro- priate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £29. 0. 6., and the vicarial for one of £39. 3. 8. ARDEN, with Ardenside, a township, in the parish of Hawnby, union of Helmsley, wapentake of Bird- forth, N. riding of York, 8 miles (N. W. by W.) from Helmsley ; containing 137 inhabitants. A small Bene- dictine nunnery in connexion with Rivaulx abbey, about four miles distant, was founded here about 1150, the revenue of which, at the dissolution, was £12 : Arden Hall is built upon its site. In 1757> John Smales and Gregory Elsley bequeathed £120. 5., directing the produce to be applied to the instruction of six poor boys. ARDINGLEY, or Erthingley, a parish, in the union of Cuckfield, hundred of Buttinghill, rape of Lewes, E. division of Sussex, 6 miles (N. E. by N.) from Cuckfield ; containing 742 inhabitants. It is situ- ated on the road to Brighton through Linfield, and is intersected by the London and Brighton railway. In the hamlet of Hepsted Green a pleasure fair is held on the 30th of May. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19. 5. 10. j net income, £498 5 patron, J. W. Peyton, Esq. The church is a handsome structure, in the decorated English style, and contains several ancient monuments to the Culpepper family. ARLINGTON {The Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union and hundred of WxANtage, county of Berks, 2f miles (E.) from Wantage 3 containing 405 inhabitants. It contains by computation 2190 acres, and is intersected by the Wilts and Berks canal : the surface is flat, except at the northern extremity, which contains a portion of the chalk hills extending through this county and Wilt- shire. The northern part has some good meadow lands, and the middle is a rich loam well adapted for corn. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 7. 9., and in the patronage of the Dean and Canons of Christ-Church, Oxford : the church has a narrow south aisle divided from the nave by pointed K 2 ARDS A R E L arches, and at the east end a small transept. There are two schools. The Roman Ikeneld-street passed through the parish. ARDLEIGH {St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Tendring, N. division of Essex, 4 ^ miles (N. E.) from Colchester 5 containing 1605 inhabitants. The parish, which comprises 4953 acres, is situated on the road from Colchester to Harwich, and a fair is held on Sept. ^9th. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £11. 0. 10., and in the patronage of the Crown ; net income, £258 ; appro- priator. Archdeacon of Colchester. The church is an ancient structure, partly rebuilt of brick, with the origi- nal square embattled tower of stone. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. In 1571 William Littlebury bequeathed a farm called Wrabnass, now let for £250 per annum, for the instruction of boys of Ardleigh, Dedham, and other places adjacent. ARDLEY (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Bicester, hundred of Ploughley, county of Oxford, 4 miles (N. W. by N.) from Bicester 3 containing I68 inhabitants. It contains by measurement 1469 acres, and is situated on the road from Oxford to Northamp- ton. Lace is manufactured here. The living is a rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 12. 8|., and in the gift of the Duke of Marlborough : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £283, and the glebe comprises 60 acres. The main body of the church was rebuilt in a plain style about fifty years since. In Ardley wood are the foundations of an ancient castle, built by the Normans, in the reign of Stephen, on the site of a fortification which had been raised by OlFa, King of Mercia : they are nearly circular, and comprise an area about sixty yards in diameter, surrounded by a moat. ARDSLEY, a township and chapelry, in the parish of Darfield, wapentake of Staincross, W. riding of York, 2 miles (E. by S.) from Barnsley; containing 1226 inhabitants. Hand-loom weaving of linen, and the manufacture of fancy drills, are carried on here : a coal-pit is in operation, and there is a valuable stone- quarry from which grindstones of a very superior quality are supplied to the Sheffield and Birmingham manufac- turers. The Dearne and Dove canal runs through the township. The church, dedicated to Christ, a cruciform structure in the Norman style, was erected in 1841, on a site given by Sir George Womb well, Bart., at an ex- pense of £1200, of which £400 were contributed by the lord of the manor, £200 by the Incorporated Society, £120 by the vicar of Darfield, and the rest by private individuals : it contains 500 sittings, one-third of which are free. The living is a perpetual curacy, at present en- dowed with £50 per annum by the Pastoral Aid Society 3 George Maude, Esq. has also contributed towards the endowment, and the remainder is supplied by the vicar of Darfield, who is patron : a parsonage-house has been lately built. The tithes have been commuted for rent-charges amounting to £203. 1. 8., half of which is payable to Trinity College, Cambridge, and half to the Rector. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. The sum of £50, bequeathed by John Micklethwaite in 1742, has been applied in erecting a house for the residence of a schoolmaster, in consideration of which he teaches two children gratuitously 3 and a new school-house has been completed in connexion with the church. 68 ARDSLEY, EAST, a parish, in the union of Wake- field, Lower division of the wapentake of Agbrigg, W. riding of York, 3| miles (N. W. by N.) from Wake- field 3 containing 900 inhabitants. This parish, which is in the honour of Pontefract, comprises about 1600 acres of fertile land : B. Dealtry, Esq. is lord of the manor. The village is situated on the road to Bradford, and the surrounding scenery is pleasing : there are extensive coal-mines. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net in- come, £369 patron and impropriator, Earl of Cardigan. The tithes for East and West Ardsley were commuted for land, under an inclosure act, in 1826. The church is a small edifice, with a square tower. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A school is partly supported by a small endowment, and there are some bequests for distribution among the poor. ARDSLEY, WEST {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Wakefield, Lower division of the wapentake of Agbrigg, W. riding of York, 5j miles (S. S. W.) from Leeds 3 containing 1420 inhabitants. This place, in some documents called Woodkirk, from its ancient church of wood, formerly belonged to Nostal priory, subordinate to which was a cell of Black Canons founded here, and endowed with land by one of the family of the Soothills, in expiation of the murder of a child: its revenue at the dissolution amounted to £17, and the foundations of the building may still be traced. The parish comprises by measurement 2300 acres of fertile land : the substratum abounds with coal of ex- cellent quality, of which there are some extensive mines in operation. Tingley House is the handsome residence of George Ellis, Esq. : the village is pleasantly situated, and the surrounding scenery pleasingly diversified. Fairs for horses, &c. are held on Aug. 24th and Sept. 17th. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £265, derived from land 3 patron and impropriator, the Earl of Cardigan, who is lord of the manor. The church, an ancient structure in the early English style, having fallen into dilapidation, was partly rebuilt in 1832, and the chancel in 1834; the ancient stalls and monuments have been preserved in the present structure, and among the latter is a monument to Sir John Topcliffe, chief justice and master of the mint in the reigns of Henry VII. and VIII., who resided at Topcliffe Hall, now a farm-house. The Wesleyans have a place of worship. There is a small bequest by Mr. Joshua Scholefield for the instruction of children 3 and some trifling benefac- tions have been left for distribution among the poor. ARDWICK, a chapelry, in the parish of Manches- ter, union of Chorlton, hundred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 1 mile (S. E. by E.) from Manchester 3 containing 9906 inhabitants. Owing to its proximity to Manchester, Ardwick parti- cipates extensively in the trade of that place. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £294 3 patrons and appropriators, the Dean and Canons of Manchester. The chapel is dedicated to St. Thomas. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. ARELEY-KING’S, or Lower Areley (St. Bar- THOLOMEw), a parish, in the union of Martley, Upper division of the hundred of Doddingtree, the Hundred- House and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, 5 a mile (S. W. by W.) from Stourport 3 containing 423 inhabitants. It comprises 1449 acres by a late admea- surement, and is separated from Stourport by the river A R K E A R K E Severn. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9, and in the patronage of the Rector of Hartley : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £358, and there is a glebe of 41 acres, with a house. The church is situated on a considerable emi- nence commanding a fine prospect, and nearly over- hanging the river, which flows through a rich valley at the base. In the burial-ground is a singular sepulchral monument, of the date of about 1690, supposed to com- memorate Sir Harry Coningsby, of Hampton Court, who lived in seclusion in this parish, in consequence of the loss of his only child. Here is a national school ; and an estate of the value of £16 per annum, given by Wm. Stevens in 1653, is vested in trustees, for the repair and maintenance of the church. ARELEY, UPPER (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Kidderminster, S. division of the hundred of Seisdon and of the county of Stafford, 5| miles (N. W. by W.) from Kidderminster 5 containing 667 in- habitants. The village occupies a romantic situation near the margin of the river Severn, and the parish comprises 3803a. 3r. 12p. : a thin stratum of coal is worked, and there are quarries of red freestone, of which large blocks are raised for building, and which is also used for grindstones and millstones. Areley Hall is the residence of the Earl of Mountnorris, who, when Viscount Valentia, published his interesting travels in the east. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 patron and impro- priator, Lord Mountnorris. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £391. 7., and those of the incumbent for £305 : the impropriate glebe consists of 199 acres ; the glebe belonging to the incumbent con- tains only about a quarter of an acre, on which the glebe-house stands. The church is situated on an emi- nence commanding a fine prospect. A school is sup- ported by subscription. ARGAM, or Ergham {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Bridlington, wapentake of Dickering, E. riding of York, 5| miles (N. W.) from Bridlington •, containing 30 inhabitants. The parish is situated near the road leading from Bridlington to Mal- ton, and comprises by computation 510 acres of land, occupied in farms. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4, and in the patronage of C. Grimston, Esq., with a net income of £21. The church was one of the chapels of Hunmanby, until it was appro- priated to the abbey of Bardensey j but few traces of it now remain. ARKENDALE, a chapelry, in the parish of Knares- BOROUGH, Lower division of the wapentake of Claro, W. riding of York, 4 miles (N. E.) from Knares- borough 3 containing 26 1 inhabitants. This place com- prises 15 16a. 2r. 35p., of which more than two-thirds are arable, and the remainder meadow and pasture, with about 4^ acres of wood 3 the soil is partly sand, but mostly clay, producing good crops of wheat, barley, oats, and turnips 3 the surface is hilly, and varied and picturesque, the higher grounds commanding extensive views. The village is situated at the distance of a mile from the Boroughbridge and Wetherby, and the Borough- bridge and Knaresborough roads. The living is a per- petual curacy, in the patronage of the Vicar of Knares- borough, with a net income of £90 : the tithes for the manor were commuted for land, under an inclosure act, in 1773, and a rent-charge of £107 has been lately 69 awarded as a commutation for the impropriate tithes. The church, dedicated to St. Bartholomew, was rebuilt in 1836, at a cost of about £7 50, raised by subscription, aided by a grant of £100 from the Incorporated Society: it is a handsome edifice of white brick and stone, in the early English style, with a square embattled tower, and contains 210 sittings, of which 144 are free. A parson- age-house, pleasantly situated on an eminence, was built in 1841, at an expense of £544, also raised by subscrip- tion, aided by a grant of £200 from the Ripon Diocesan Society. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A day school for boys, and a Sunday school for children of both sexes, are supported by subscription. ARKENGARTH - DALE, or Arkendale (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Richmond, wapen- take of Gilling-West, N. riding of York, 12 miles (W. by N.) from Richmond 3 containing 1243 inhabit- ants. This is a large moorland parish, the most in- teresting part of which is its picturesque dale, about eight miles long, and beautifully studded with rural hamlets, whereof the principal are Arkle, Booze, Eskey- lith, Langthwaite, Whaw, Seal-houses, and Dale- head : it comprises by computation 14,256 acres, of which 3200 are pasture and meadow, 5 arable, 51 wood, 50 public roads, and 10,950 common land. The district abounds in lead- ore, lying principally in high and bleak moors, in the vicinity of the Arkle rivulet, on whose south side the mountain called Water Crag rises 2186 feet above the level of the sea : these lead-mines are of great antiquity, some of them having been worked in the reign of King John, and they are still very produc- tive. There are also extensive smelting-works, where more than 1000 tons of lead are made into ingots yearly 3 and two excellent slate-quarries are in operation. The road leading from Reeth, in Swaledale, to Kirkby- Ste- phen and Brough, in Westmorland, passes through the whole length of the parish. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of Sir John Lowther, Bart., the impropriator, with a net income of £123. The present church, built in 1818, stands about half a mile from the site of the old edifice, and is a small but neat stone structure capable of ac- commodating from 500 to 600 persons 3 the cost of its erection, between £2000 and £3000, was defrayed, partly by money bequeathed by the late George Brown, Esq., lord of the manor, and partly by the Rev. John Gilpin, the present lord. A neat parsonage- house was built in 1838, by subscription, aided by £200 Queen Anne’s Bounty, and a contribution from Sir John Lowther of £100. At Langthwaite are places of worship for Primi- tive Methodists and Wesleyans. George Brown, Esq., in 1813, built a free school, of which the master has a salary of £60, including £16 per annum bequeathed by John Bathurst, Esq. M.D., in 1659, with a house and garden, and a small plot of land rent-free. Dr. Bathurst also left £12 per annum for the instruction of children in the manor of New Forest, for which the school at Helwith, in that district, is now kept 3 and two sums, each of £4 per annum, for apprenticing chil- dren of that place and Arkengarth-dale. ARKESDEN (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Saffron-Walden, hundred of Uttlesford, N. divi- sion of Essex, 3 miles (E.) from Newport, and 9 miles (N.) from Bishop Stortford 3 containing 498 inhabitants. It comprises 2297«. 2r. 28p., of which the surface is ARLE A R L I undulated, and the soil a heavy and tenacious clay ; the scenery is varied, and the adjacent country of interest- ing aspect. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13. 6. 8.3 net income, £181 3 patron and impropriator, R. B. Wolfe, Esq. It was formerly endowed with a portion of the great tithes, which were commuted for land and a corn-rent, under an inclosure act, in 1814. The church, a spacious and handsome structure with a square embattled tower, in the later English style, is finely situated on the slope of a hill 3 the north aisle was built by Thomas Alderton, of London, who founded a chantry here in the reign of Henry YII. There is a school supported by subscrip- tion. ARKHOLME, with Cawood, a chapelry, in the parish of Melling, union of Lancaster, hundred of Lonsdale, south of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster, miles (S. S. W.) from Kirkby-Lons- dale 3 containing 407 inhabitants. It comprises 2756 acres, of which 2466 are meadow and pasture, 16O arable, and 130 waste, forest, &c. The living is a per- petual curacy 3 net income, £513 patron. Vicar of Melling. ARKLESIDE, a hamlet, in the township of Carl- ton-Highdale, parish of Coverham, union of Ley- BtJRN, wapentake of Hang-West, N. riding of York, 8 miles (S. W.) from Middleham. It is chiefly the pro- perty of M, Errington, Esq., and the tithes belong to the incumbent of Coverham, the monks of which place had lands here, producing £6. 13. 4. per annum. ARKSEY (All Saints)^ a parish, in the union of Doncaster, N. division of the wapentake of Straf- FORTH, and Tickhill, W. riding of York, 3 miles (N. by E.) from Doncaster 3 containing 1056 inhabit- ants, of whom 266 are in the hamlet of Arksey, and 697 in that of Bentley. The parish comprises the hamlets of Stockbridge, Almholm, Shaftholme, Bodies, Doncas- ter, Bridge-End, and Scawthorpe 3 and consists of about 5220 acres of fertile land in a champaign district of rich loam : it is bounded on the east by the river Don, and watered by two of its tributary streams. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £12. I7. 6., and in the patronage of Sir William Bryan Cooke, Bart., the impropriator, with a net income of £113 : the tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, under an inclosure act, in the 7th and 8th of George IV. The church consists of a nave, chancel, side aisles, transepts, and a tower with a low spire rising from the centre : the interior is rich in heraldic insignia, and the windows have much stained glass in good preservation. The free grammar school was built in pursuance of the will of Sir George Cooke, and has an endowment of £40 per annum, left by Sir Bryan Cooke in I66O. An almshouse for 12 poor inhabitants is endowed with £120 per annum. ARLECDON (St, Michael), a parish, in the union of Whitehaven, Allerdale ward above Derwent, W. division of Cumberland, miles (E. N. E.) from Whitehaven 3 consisting of the townships of Arlecdon, Erizington, and Whillymoor, and containing 558 in- habitants, of whom 211 are in Arlecdon township. It comprises 5311a. 3r. 15/>., and possesses coal, iron-ore, limestone, and freestone. Fairs for cattle are on April 24th, the first Friday in June, and Sept. 17th. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the 70 bishop of the diocese, to whom also the impropriation belongs 3 net income, £94. The tithes for the township of Arlecdon were commuted for land, under an inclo- sure act, in 181 9. The church has been rebuilt, and was consecrated Aug. 25th, 1829 j and divine service is also performed in a Sunday school, lately erected, which is licensed by the bishop. On an estate called Cringle- gill is a chalybeate spring, the water of which is stated to possess similar properties to that of Harrogate. ARLESCOTE, a township, in the parish of War- MiNGTON, union of Banbury, Burton-Dasset division of the hundred of Kington, S. division of the county of Warwick, 5^ miles (E. S. E.) from Kington 3 con- taining 43 inhabitants. ARLESTON, with Synfin, a liberty, in the parish of Barrow, union of Shardlow, hundred of Apple- tree, though locally in the hundred of Repton and Gresley, S. division of the county of Derby, 4^ miles (S. by W.) from Derby 3 containing 85 inhabit- ants. ARLESTON, a hamlet, in the parish and union of Wellington, hundred of South Bradford, N. divi- sion of Salop ; containing 181 inhabitants. ARLEY (St, Wilfrid), a parish, in the union of Nuneaton, Kirby division of the hundred of Knight- low, N. division of the county of Warwick, 6 miles (E. by N.) from Coleshill 3 containing 265 inhabitants. It comprises 1929«. 29p., and is traversed by the road from Coventry to Tarnworth. Lime in considerable quantities, and stone for the roads, are obtained here. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 0. 7|. 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. R. R. Vaugh- ton : the tithes have been commuted for a rent -charge of £336. 8., and the glebe consists of 74 acres. A free school is endowed with land, producing £20 per annum, left by William Avery, and by £21 per annum from John and Francis Holmes. ARLINGHAM (St, Mary the Virgin), a parish, in the union of Wheatenhurst, Upper division of the hundred of Berkeley, W. division of the county of Gloucester, l| mile (S. E. by E.) from Newnham 3 containing 793 inhabitants. The parish is situated on a nook of land, formed by a curvature of the river Severn, by which it is bounded on three sides, and across which is a ferry to Newnham : from an eminence called Barrow hill is a very extensive and pleasing view. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £19. 7. 3^., and in the patronage of Mrs. Hodges, to whom also the impropriation belongs ; net income, £193. The tithes were commuted for land and corn- rents, by an inclosure act, in 1801. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. Mrs. Mary Yate, in 1765, en- dowed a school for boys and girls with a rent-charge of £40 3 she also gave an additional rent- charge of £40 for the benefit of the poor. ARLINGTON (St, James), a parish, in the union of Barnstaple, hundred of Sherwill, Braunton and N. divisions of Devon, 6J miles (N. E. by N.) from Barnstaple 3 containing 206 inhabitants. The parish comprises 4000 acres, and is intersected by the river Yeo. Arlington Court, a spacious and handsome man- sion in the Grecian-Doric style, is situated here. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 18. 1^.3 net income, £27^3 patron, J. P. Chichester, Esq. The church, which has lately been rebuilt by the A R M A ARML patron, contains a beautiful monument in marble to one of the Carey family, and the figure of a female crowned. ARLINGTON, a ty thing, in the parish of Bibury, union of Northleach, hundred of Brightwell’s-Bar- Row, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 4|- miles (N. W.) from Fairford ^ containing 371 inhabitants. ARLINGTON (St. Pancras), a parish, in the union of Hailsham, hundred of Longbridge, rape of Pe- vensey, E. division of Sussex, 3 miles (W. S. W.) from Hailsham 3 containing 686 inhabitants. A priory of Black Canons was founded at Michelham, in this parish, in honour of the Holy Trinity, by Gilbert de Aquila, in the reign of Henry HI., which continued to flourish till the dissolution, when its revenue was estimated at £191. 19. 3. ; the remains have been converted into a farm- house, on the north side of which are various pillars and arches, still in tolerable preservation. The parish com- prises 5100 acres by admeasurement. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10. 6. 11. 5 net income, £156 5 patron, the Prebendary of Woodhorne in the Cathedral of Chichester 5 impro- priator, Mrs. Attree. The church is an ancient struc- ture in the decorated English style. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans ; and a school is supported by subscription. In the hamlet of Milton is the site of Barlow Castle, overlooking the river Cuckmere. ARLSEY (St. Peter), a parish, in the union and hundred of Biggleswade, county of Bedford, 6 miles (S.) from Biggleswade 3 containing 820 inhabitants. This place is in the Domesday survey noticed as a market- town, and in 1270 Stephen Ed worth, then lord of the manor, obtained a confirmation of the grant for its market, and a grant of a fair on the festival of St. Peter and St. Paul, both of which have been long dis- continued. The parish is bounded on the north by the river Ivel, and on the west by the Hiz, both of which unite in the north-west extremity 3 it is intersected by the road from Baldock to Bedford, and comprises by measurement 2303 acres, of which about 1600 are ara- ble, 500 pasture, 20 wood, and 50 common 3 the sub-soil is gravel and clay. The women and children are em- ployed in the straw-plat manufacture. The living is a discharged vicarage, united in 1764 to the rectory of Astwick, valued in the king’s books at £8 per annum 3 it is in the patronage of Miss Dove. At the inclosure of the parish, 255 acres were allotted in lieu of tithes, and there are 15 acres of grass land round the glebe-house. The church is a neat edifice. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans. At Etonbury, near the road to Baldock, are the remains of a Roman encampment 3 and a spot, still called the Hermitage, was the site of an ancient religious house. ARMATHWAITE, a chapelry, in the parish of Hes- ket-in-the-Forest, union of Penrith, Leath ward, E. division of Cumberland, 5 miles (N. W.) from Kirk-Oswald. The village is beautifully situated on the western bank of the Eden, over which is a good stone bridge of four arches. The castle, a handsome modern edifice, built on the site of an ancient fortress, occupies a rocky elevation, at the foot of which flows the Eden 3 in the reign of Henry VHI. it was, with the estate, the property of John Skelton, the poet-laureat. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £50 : patrons, the Trustees of Mr. Milbourne, in whom also the impro- 71 priation is vested. The chapel was rebuilt by Richard Skelton, Esq., in 1668, having for some time previously been used as a shed for cattle. ARMIN, a chapelry, in the parish of Snaith, union of Goole, L. division of the wapentake of Osgold- cross, W. riding of York, 2 miles (N. N. W.) from Goole 3 containing 593 inhabitants. This chapelry, the name of which signifies the mouth of the Aire,” is bounded on the north-west by that river, and is situated on the road from Doncaster to Hull. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £71 j patrons, Earl of Beverley and N. E. Yarburgh, Esq. 3 impropriator, Earl of Beverley. The chapel is dedicated to St. David. A very commodious Sunday school was erected by the Earl in 1834 3 and a school, in which 20 of the children are instructed gratuitously, is supported by the lord of the manor and principal inhabitants. ARMINGHALL (^t. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Henstead, E. division of Norfolk, 3 miles (S. E. by S.) from Norwich 3 comprising by com- putation 650 acres, and containing 79 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £66 3 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Norwich, whose tithes have been commuted for £229. 10. The church is chiefly in the early English style, and consists of a nave and chancel, with a square tower. An old house near the church has a very rich and curious porch, on the door of which is written, in ancient characters, Pray for the soul of Master William Ely, who caused this to be made an hospital in the year 1487. ” ARMITAGE (St.John), with Handsacre, a parish, in the union of Lichfield, S. division of the hun- dred of Offlow and of the county of Stafford, 3 miles (E. S. E.) from Rugeley 3 containing 987 inhabi- tants. This parish, which is intersected by the Grand Junction canal, and skirted by the river Trent, lies on the main road from Lichfield to Uttoxeter, in a beau- tiful and fertile part of the county exceedingly well wooded. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the Bishop of Lichfield, with a net income of £91 : tithes belonging to the treasurer of Queen Anne’s Bounty have been commuted for a rent-charge of £336 : the glebe comprises acre. The church is an old building, principally in the Norman style. There is a place of worship for Independents 3 and a national school was established in 1833. ARMLEY, a chapelry, in the parish of St. Peter, liberty of the borough of Leeds, W. riding of York, 2| miles (W. by N.) from Leeds 3 containing 5676 inhabit- ants. This chapelry comprises 939^. Ir. 18p. 3 the soil is tolerably fertile, and excellent building stone abounds 3 the surface is boldly undulated, and from the east side, looking towards Headingley, the scenery is picturesque. Armley House, the seat of John Gott, Esq., lord of the manor, is a noble mansion of the Ionic order, situated in an extensive and richly-wooded park. Wyther and Armley Grange are also pleasing residences. The old hall, anciently the residence of the Hoptons, lords of the manor, is now a farm-house 3 and Cartleton Lodge, the seat of the late Benjamin Sadler, Esq., M. P., has been converted into a retreat for insane persons. The village is situated on the west side of the river Aire, and extends for a considerable distance along fhe acclivities of the vale. The Leeds and Liverpool canal passes in a direction nearly parallel with the river, and also the new A R M T A R N C road from Stanningley to Leeds, completed in 1836. The inhabitants are employed in extensive woollen- mills. The chapel, dedicated to St. Bartholomew, originally erected in the reign of Charles I., was rebuilt in 1835, at an expense of £1000, of which £300 were granted by the Incorporated Society, and the remainder raised by sub- scription 3 it contains 030 sittings, of which 300 are free. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Vicar of Leeds, with a net income of £^04, and a glebe-house. A Sunday evening lecture was esta- blished in 1841, and is supported at the sole expense of Mr. Gott 3 the lecturer has a liberal income, and a commodious house. There are places of worship for Wesleyans, Primitive Methodists, and Methodists of the New Connexion. Almshouses for 1^ poor widows, and a national school-room for 500 children, were erected near the chapel in 1832, by the late Benjamin Gott, Esq. 3 they form a handsome range of buildings in the Elizabethan style. There is also a town’s school, in con- nexion with the Established Church, the master of which receives £12. 6. per annum from land allotted at the iiiclosure, for which he teaches six scholars gra- tuitously. Above the village is a lofty eminence, named Giant’s hill, on which are the remains of some works, supposed to have been a Danish fort 3 and there were also some others on two eminences, called the Red and White War hills, but which were destroyed in the for- mation of the canal. ARMSCOTT, a hamlet, in the parish of Newbold, union of Shipston-upon-Stotjr, Upper division of the hundred of Oswaldslow, Blockley and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, lying in a detached portion surrounded by Warwickshire, 3 miles (N. by W.) from Shipston 3 containing 139 inhabitants. ARMSTON, a hamlet, in the parish and hundred of PoLEBROOK, union of OuNDLE, N. division of the county of Northampton, 9,^ miles (E. S. E.) from Oundle 3 containing 26 inhabitants, and comprising 784 acres. It is situated near the right bank of the river Nene, and in the south-western part of the parish. ARMTHORPE (St. Mary),b. parish, in the union of Doncaster, S. division of the wapentake of Straf- FORTH and Tickhill, W. riding of York, 4 miles (E. N. E.) from Doncaster 3 containing, with the hamlet of Nutwell, 449 inhabitants. This place, in Domesday book called Ernulfestorpy was the property of the monks of the abbey of Roche, who had a grange here, at which the official resided who managed this part of the estates of that establishment, and who was sometimes a brother of the house : they had also an officer called their forester. The parish comprises 3810 acres, and includes the farms of Holm- Wood and Waterton, the latter of which was long the seat of the ancient family of its own name, of whom several served the office of high sheriff, and one was master of the horse to Henry V. The village consists of scattered houses, and is situated on a declivity. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 18. 9., and is in the patronage of the Crown, with a net income of £366 : the tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, by an inclo- sure act, in 1775. The church is a small building, with an octagonal turret, and exhibits a good specimen of the original country churches for small parishes. The Primitive Methodists have a place of worship. Ann 72 Holmes, in 1689, bequeathed a rent-charge of £2. 10. for teaching six children, and apprenticing boys, which endowment has been augmented by Sir George Cooke, Bart., and now produces £5. 13. per annum. ARNCLIFFE (St. Oswald), a parish, partly in the union of Skipton, and E. division of the wapentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, but chiefly in the union of Settle, and W. division of that wapentake, W. riding of York, 4 miles (N. by W.) from Kettlewell 3 com- prising the townships of Buckden, Hawkeswick, and Litton, and the chapelry of Halt on- Gill 3 and con- taining 834 inhabitants, of whom 182 are in the town- ship of Arncliffe. This parish consists by estimation of 35,860 acres, nearly all in grass, including 5800 in Arncliffe township, and is bounded on the west by Pen- ny gent, a mountain 2270 feet high, and on the north by Camm Fell, 2245 feet high. The district consists of two valleys, separated by an almost impassable mountain 3 one of these, called Langstrothdale, is watered by the Wharfe, which noble river has its rise here 3 and the other, called Littondale, by the Skirfare, which forms a junction with the Wharfe at the bottom of the valley. The air is for the greater part of the year piercing, owing to the vicinity of the high hills just mentioned, which being often capped with snow, render the winds cold and sharp. There is a cotton-mill in the village, but grazing forms the chief occupation of the inhabit- ants. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13. 6. 8.3 net income, £50, with an excellent glebe-house 3 patrons and appropriators, the Master and Fellows of University College, Oxford : the tithes have been commuted for £483. 7. 2. The church, with the exception of the tower, was taken down and rebuilt in 1805 3 the chancel has just been again rebuilt by subscription, and in the same style as the tower 3 and several windows of that character have been inserted in the body of the edifice. At Halton-Gill and Hubber- holme are chapels of ease, the livings of which are in the patronage of the Vicar of Arncliffe. There are some small bequests, the interest of which is applied to the relief of the poor and the repair of the church 3 and 13«. are annually paid for a sermon on the 5th of Nov., agreeably with the will of William Fawcett, dated 1630. ARNCLIFFE-COTE, a hamlet, in the township and parish of Arncliffe, union of Settle, W. division of the wapentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York. This place is tithe-free, being named in a charter, 9th Richard II., as belonging to the monks of Fountains, in whose possession it was at the dis- solution. ARNCLIFFE, INGLEBY (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Stokesley, W. division of the liberty of Langbaurgh, N. riding of York, 7 miles (S. W. by W.) from Stokesley 3 containing 329 inhabitants. There appears, from Domesday book, to have been anciently two manors in the parish, Ingleby and Arncliffe, which after the Conquest were held by King William, when they were styled Engelebi and Erneclive : the estates were subsequently granted to Robert de Brus, as parcel of the barony of Skelton, to be held of the king in capite ; and among the families which have at different periods owned property here, occur those of Bruce, Fauconberge, Ingelram, Colville, and Mauleverer. The parish is in the district called Cleveland, and its greatest extent is three miles from east to west, and its breadth about two A R N F A R R A , miles ; it comprises 1850 acres, of which about 1200 are arable, 300 woodland and plantations, and the remainder meadow and pasture ; the lands are chiefly the pro- perty of William Mauleverer, Esq., the descendant of the Norman baron who came over with the Conqueror from Normandy, and whose family have continued here since that period. The surface is undulated, and the high grounds command flne views of the vale of Cleveland, the distant hills of Richmond, and the sea; the hills are richly wooded, and the scenery in many parts is beauti- fully picturesque ; the soil is a strong clay ; and freestone of good quality is plentiful ; but as there is little demand, it is not wrought to any great extent. The village of Ingleby, the only one in the parish, is neatly built, and occupies a retired situation on the summit of a gentle ridge, at a short distance from the road between Stokesley and Thirsk. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of Bryan Abbs, Esq., the impropriator, with a net income of £49 : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £125. The church is a neat plain structure with a campanile tur- ret, erected in 1822, at an expense of £500, raised by subscription. A small school is partly supported by voluntary contributions. ARNCOTT, a chapelry, in the parish of Ambrosden, union of Bicester, hundred of Bullington, though locally in the hundred of Ploughley, county of Ox- ford, 2| miles (S. E. by S.) from Bicester ; containing 331 inhabitants. ARNE, a parochial chapelry, in the union of Ware- ham and PuRBECK, hundred of Hasilor, Wareham division of Dorset, 4 miles (E. by N.) from Wareham ; containing 168 inhabitants, and comprising 1068a. 2r. 2 Ip. The village is situated on the shore of Poole har- bour, between Wareham and Brownsey Island. On the summit of an eminence connected with a bank of gravel or pebbles, extending north-eastward into the harbour, is a large barrow, which was formerly used as a beacon. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Rector of Wareham. The chapel, dedicated to St. Nicholas, is a plain structure of ancient date. ARNESBY {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Lutterworth, hundred of Guthlaxton, S. division of the county of Leicester, 8§ miles (S. by E.) from Leicester ; containing 505 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Leicester to Welford, and comprises about 1250 acres, nearly all pasture; the soil is chiefly a clay of a strong quality. The population is principally employed in the stocking manufacture. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 16. 8.; patron, John Sherwin, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £60, and the glebe comprises 25 acres. The church is a substantial edifice in good repair, containing about 400 sittings. There is a place of worship for Baptists. Two allotments of land, comprising together 16^ acres, producing £50. 13. 9. per annum, are appropriated to the benefit of the poor. The Rev. Robert Hall, the distinguished theological writer, was born here in 1764 ; the building in which he preached his first sermon is now a barn. ARNFORD-CUM-NEWTON, a hamlet, in the town- ship of Hellifield, parish of Long Preston, union of Settle, W. division of the wapentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York. This place, of which VoL. I. — 73 mention is made in one of the oldest Craven charters, formerly belonged to the monks of Fountains, with whom it continued till the dissolution, when it became the property of the Greshams ; it is now chiefly owned by Earl de Grey. ARNOLD (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Basford, N. division of the wapentake of Broxtow and of the county of Nottingham, 4 miles (N. by E.) from Nottingham ; containing, with part of the hamlet of Daybrook, 4509 inhabitants. It comprises by ad- measurement 4349 acres, of which 2610 are arable, 1330 meadow and pasture, 294 wood and plantation, and the remainder roads, waste, &c. ; the soil in the eastern part is clay, but elsewhere it is of a sandy nature. The village, which is remarkably healthy, and well supplied with water, is about three-quarters of a mile long, and a quarter broad, situated in the midst of the ancient forest of Sherwood, and surrounded by a beautifully undulated neighbourhood. The inhabitants are principally em- ployed in the manufacture of cotton hose, gloves, &c. ; and the cotton stockings made here are as fine as those produced at any other place in England. A small fair is held on the first Wednesday after Sept. 19th. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 17. 8., and in the patronage of the Duke of Devonshire ; impropriator, T. Holdsworth, Esq. The small tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £210, and there are 90 acres of glebe. The church is a large handsome edifice in the later English style, with a tower ; a tablet in the interior records various charitable bequests amounting to about £150 per annum. There are places of worship for Wesley ans, Wesley ans of the New Connexion, Baptists, and Independents ; and a Chartist meeting-house. A parochial school is endowed with £20 per annum. On Cockliff hill, the highest ground in the county, are the remains of a Roman en- campment. ARNOLD, a township, partly in the parish of Long Riston, and partly in that of Swine, union of Skir- LAUGH, N. division of the wapentake, of Holderness, E. riding of York, 6 miles (E. N. E.) from Beverley; containing 154 inhabitants. This place, in the 13th century, belonged to the family of de Roos ; the Hild- yards afterwards held the lands for a considerable period, and among other proprietors occurs the abbot of Meaux. The township belongs, in nearly equal moieties, to the two parishes, and comprises by computation 2000 acres : the village, which is long and scattered, is situated to the north of the Lam with stream. There are places of worship for Independents and Primitive Methodists. ARNWOOD, a ty thing, in the parish of Hordle, union of Lymington, hundred of Christchurch, Ly- mington and S. divisions of Hampshire ; containing 543 inhabitants. ARRAM, a township, in the parish of Leckonfield, union of Beverley, Hunsley-Beacon division of the wapentake of Harthill, E. riding of York, 3 miles (N. by E.) from Beverley; containing II7 inhabitants. This is a long scattered village, situated to the east of Leckonfield, and near the right bank of the river Hull. ARRAM, with Atwick and Skirlington, a town- ship, in the parish of Atwick, union of Skirlaugh, N. division of the wapentake of Holderness, E. riding of York, 11^ miles (N. E.) from Beverley; containing 50 inhabitants. This place, in Domesday book styled L A R R O A R T H Argun, and in other records Ergham, came at an early period into the possession of Meaux abbey, to which in- stitution Sir Steven Ergham gave some land here about 1190 : the canons of Bridlington also had some interest in the property. The manor comprises about 500 acres, tithe- free : the manor-house, a neat residence, was built about the time of James I., but has been much modern- ised. ARRAS, a hamlet, in the parish of Market-Weigh- TON, union of Pocklington, Holme-Beacon division of the wapentake of Harthill, E. riding of York, 3 miles (E.) from Market- Weighton. It is situated on the wblds, and on the road from Market- Weighton to Be- verley : it is supposed there was a village here during the conflicts of the Saxons and Danes, if not at the time of the Romans, as, in a field, the foundations of build- ings have been discovered, as have also fragments of chariot wheels, and the heads of arrows. ARRETON {St. George), a parish, in the liberty of East Medina, Isle of Wight and S. divisions of the county of Southampton, 3 miles (S. E.) from Newport f comprising by computation 9^00 acres, and containing 1964 inhabitants. It abounds with limestone, which is extensively quarried for building purposes, and for burning into lime. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £*21 ; net income, £220 ; patron and impropriator, J. Fleming, Esq. : the small tithes have been coihmuted for £245 per annum, and there are 20 acres of glebe. The church, an ancient building, with a heavy embattled tower, contains a brass effigy of a Knight Templar. Two schools, one for boys and the other for girls, are endowed by a bequest of Mr. Mann in I68S, and are also supported by subscrip- tion. ARRINGTON (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Caxton and Arrington, hundred of Wetherley, county of Cambridge, 5:| miles (S. S. E.) from Caxton ; containing 317 inhabitants, and comprising about 1300 acres. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 6. 3. ^ net income, £69 j patrons and im- propriators, Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge, who have commuted the tithes for a rent- charge of £390. There are 22 acres of glebe. ARROW, a township, in the parish of Woodchurch, union and Lower division of the hundred of Wirrall, S. division of the county of Chester, 6|- miles (N. by W.) from Great Neston 3 containing 122 inhabitants. About one-half of the land belongs to the grammar school at Warrington. ARROW {Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Alcester, partly in the Alcester, and partly in the Stratford, division of the hundred of Barlichway, S. division of the county of Warwick, 1 mile (S. W.) from Alcester 3 containing, with Ragley and the hamlet of Oversley, 543 inhabitants. The parish is situated in the western part of the county, on the border of Wor- cestershire, which bounds it on the west 3 and con- sists of 3983 acres, a considerable portion of which is attached to the beautiful demesne and interesting grounds of Ragley Park. Its surface is agreeable, diversified with hill and dale^ the river Arrow flowing through it from north to south, with other streams in different directions, and the whole is thickly covered wdth timber, the rateable annual value of which is returned at £600. The roads from Alcester to Stratford and Evesham in- 74 tersect the parish. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 10. 7|. j net income, £248 3 pa- tron, the Marquess of Hertford. The church is an an- cient structure, the tower of which was rebuilt in I76O. ARROWTHORNE, a township, partly in the parish of Hornby, but chiefly in that of Brompton-Patrick, union of Leyburn, wapentake of Hang-East, N. riding of York, 5 miles (S. W. by S.) from Catterick 5 con- taining 81 inhabitants. It is situated to the west of the river Swale, and comprises about 850 acres of land. ARTHINGTON, a township, in the parish of Addee, Upper division of the wapentake of Skyrack, W. riding of York, 4| miles (E.) from Otley 3 containing 336 in- habitants. This place is situated in the beautiful valley of Wharfdale, and abounds with interesting scenery 3 and Arthington Hall, the seat of T. W. Carruthers, Esq., of Dormont, N. B., is in the township. A school is supported by subscription. A convent of Cluniac nuns was founded here, in the twelfth century, by Piers de Ardington, which was valued at the dissolution at £19 : the site is occupied by a farm-house now called the Nunnery.” ARTHINGWORTH {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Market-Harborough, hundred of Roth- well, N. division of the county of Northampton, 4^ miles (S. by E.) from Harborough 3 containing 242 inha- bitants. It comprises 1593 acres, of which 1293 are pasture, 245 arable, and 55 w^oodland 3 the soil is of various qualities, a great part being a strong clay 3 the grazing grounds are very fine. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 2. 8|. 3 net income, £323 3 patron, L. Rokeby, Esq. The tithes were com- muted for land, under an inclosure act, in 1767 3 the glebe consists of 215 acres. The church is an ancient structure, with a handsome well-proportioned tower of later date. A school is endowed with a house and about 24 acres of land, the latter let for £36 per annum. ARTHURET {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Longtown, Eskdale ward, E. division of Cumber- land, f of a mile (S.) from Longtown 3 comprising the townships of Breconhlll, Lyneside, Longtown, and Ne- therby, and containing 2859 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the border of Scotland, where, in 1337, a Scottish army crossed, and, marching eastward, de- stroyed about twenty villages 3 and at the chapel of Solom, a small oratory, which anciently stood near the spot called the Chapel Flosh, commissioners from Eng- land and Scotland met, in 1343, to settle the boundaries of the respective countries. On Solom Moss, in 1542, the Scots, 10,000 in number, but discontented with their commander, Oliver Sinclair, a favourite of the Scottish monarch, allowed themselves to be defeated by a small body of about 500 English troops, under the command of Dacres and Musgrave, and it is said that 1000 of them were made prisoners, amongst whom were 200 noblemen, esquires, and gentleriien. The parish com- prises about 11,000 acres, and there are quarries of white and red freestone within its limits. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £3. 2. 1. 3 net income, £687 3 patron. Sir J. R. G. Graham, Bart. The church was rebuilt in 1609, with the exception of the tower, which was not erected till I69O : in the churchyard is a rude cross, with a pierced capital; near which were interred the remains of Archibald Armstrong, court jester to James I. and Charles I., and a native of A R U N A RUN the parish. Am artificial tumulus, in the form of a pros- trate human figure, near the church, is said to have been raised over the body of a chieftain slain in the above- mentioned battle. ARTILLERY-GROUND, OLD, a liberty, in the union of Whitechapel, locally in the Finsbury division of the hundred of Ossulstone, county of Middlesex j containing 1558 inhabitants. It forms one of five divi- sions of the liberty of the Tower which has a peculiar jurisdiction, and is detached. ARTINGTON, a ty thing, in the parish of St. Ni- cholas, Guildford, union of Guildford, First divi- sion of the hundred of Godalming, W. division of Surrey, 1 mile (S. by W.) from Guildford j containing 687 inhabitants. S ARUNDEL (JIoLY Tri- nity), a borough, market- town, and parish, having ex- clusive jurisdiction, ‘locally in the hundred and rape of Arundel, W. division of Sussex, 10 miles (E. by N.) from Chichester, and 55 (S. by W.) from London ; con- taining ^2624 inhabitants* This place, which derives its j name from its situation in a ^ * dale watered by the river Arun, is first noticed in the will of Alfred, who be- queathed the castle and a few adjacent residences to his nephew Athelm. The castle, rebuilt by Roger de Mont- gomery, at the time of the Conquest, was, in the reign of Henry I., besieged and taken from his son, Robert de . Belesme, who had rebelled against his sovereign, and settled by that monarch on his second wife Adeliza, who by a subsequent marriage conveyed it to William D’Albini, Lord of Buckenham, in the county of Norfolk. Matilda, daughter of Henry I., asserting her claim to the throne in opposition to Stephen, landed at Little- hampton in 1139, and was received and protected for several days in this castle against the forces of her opponent, in recompense for which service, her son, Henry II. on his accession, granted the castle and honour of Arundel to William D’Albini and his heirs for ever. William, the fourth earl, dying without heirs male, the property was divided among his four sisters^ and the castle and manor of Arundel descended to John Fitzalan, son of the second sister, in whose family they continued till 1580, when they passed to Philip Howard, Earl of Surrey, descendant of another of the sisters, who had married Thomas, Duke of Norfolk j but on his attainder in 1589, the castle and manor of Arundel reverted to the crown, and continued to form part of the royal possessions till the death of Queen Elizabeth. The property was restored by James I. to Thomas, son of Philip, from whom, in uninterrupted succession, it has descended to its present proprietor, Henry Charles, Earl of Arundel and Duke of Norfolk. During the civil wars the castle was garrisoned for the parliament, but in 1643 was taken by the royalists under the command of Lord Hopton, who placed in it a garrison of 200 men, and appointed Gol. Ford, high sheritF of the county^ governor : being, however, afterwards besieged by Sir William Waller, it finally surrendered after a defence of seventeen days, and was dismantled as a place of de- fence, and so far destroyed as to unfit it for a baronial residence. The CASTLE is situated on the summit of a high hill, and defended on two sides by the precipitous ac- clivity of the ground, and on the other by deep fosses : the walls inclosed an area of 950 feet in length, and 250 feet in width, in the centre of which was the keep, a circular tower of great strength, and 100 feet in height* built on an artificial mound, and evidently of Norman origin. After remaining in a ruinous state till 1720, Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, restored part of the buildings, and erected others of modern style, which he made his occasional residence. Charles, the 11th duke, in 1791, made considerable additions : the north-west front was built in 1795, and the wing which contains the library and other apartments was completed in 1801. The entrance, which is by a deeply recessed Norman arched doorway, leads to the grand staircase and gallery, the latter of which, 195 feet in length, opens into the Barons’ hall, erected in commemoration of the triumph of the barons in obtaining Magna Charta. The library is a strikingly magnificent apartment, 117 feet in length and 35 feet wide, panelled throughout with mahogany and cedar exquisitely carved, with a richly ornamented roof. The chapel is an elegant structure in the decorated English style, the walls of which are strengthened with slender enriched buttresses, terminating in crocheted pinnacles 5 and the interior is lighted by windows of excellent design. The banquetting-room, formerly the ancient chapel, the saloon, and all the state apartments of this magnificent structure, are of corresponding splen- dour : the entire range of building occupies three sides of a quadrangle, and the expense of restoration and the erection of new portions has already amounted to £400,000. The pleasure-grounds and gardens are taste- fully laid out, and the park, which abounds with stately timber, comprises 1200 acres 5. the surrounding country abounds with richly varied and picturesque scenery, and from the higher grounds within the park, and especially from the towers of the castle, are obtained extensive and beautiful prospects. The castle is the head of the honour of Arundel, and confers on its possessor the title of Earl without creation, a feudal right, which was adjudged by parliament, in the 11th of Henry YI., to an ancestor of the present Duke of Norfolk* The TOWN is pleasantly situated on rising ground within four miles of the sea, and chiefly on the north bank of the river Arun, over which is a neat stone bridge of three arches : the houses are in general well built, and many of them are modern and of handsome ap- pearance j the streets, which are lighted with gas, are paved under an act of the 25th of George HI., and the inhabitants plentifully supplied with excellent water. A considerable coasting trade is carried on : the imports are chiefly butter, bacon, pork, lard, grain, and starch from Ireland j grain and cheese from Holland 5 grain^ oilcake, wine, fruit, and eggs from France 5 timber, chiefly from the Baltic ^ and coal from Newcastle and Scotland. The exports are principally oak-timber, corn* flour, and bark to the west of England and Liverpool, and to Ireland. The port, which has a custom-house with the usual officers, also affords a facility of inter- course between London and the Mediterranean, enabling the fruit ships from the latter to perform two voyages in the season : ships drawing sixteen feet of water can L 2 A R U N A S B Y enter the port. A canal, connecting the Arun with the Thames and with Portsmouth, affords a medium of con- veyance to various parts of the kingdom. There are two breweries on a large scale for the supply of the neighbourhood. The market is on Tuesday, chiefly for corn, the sale of which is considerable, and on every alternate Tuesday there is a large cattle market : a few years since, a building was erected by subscription on the quay, for the purpose of a corn-market. The fairs are held on May 14th, Sept. 25th, and Dec. 17th, chiefly for cattle and pedlery j but, since the cattle markets were established, they have been but little attended. Arundel is a borough by prescription, and has had a corporation from the time of the Conquest : the govern- ment is vested in a mayor, three aldermen, and twelve councillors, and the mayor and late mayor are justices of the peace : the municipal and parliamentary boundaries of the borough are the same, and are co-extensive with those of the parish. Petty- sessions are held by the county magistrates every alternate Tuesday, and an elegant town-hall was lately erected by his Grace the late Duke of Norfolk, at an expense of £4000. The borough returned two members to parliament from the time of Edward I. to the 2nd of William IV., when it was destined thenceforward to send only one : the right of election is vested in the inhabitants paying scot and lot j the mayor is the returning officer. The parish comprises by computation about 1800 acres. The livings is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 0. 10.; net income, £1995 patron and impropriator, Duke of Norfolk. The church, situated at the upper end of the town, was greatly damaged by the forces of Sir William Waller, who oc- cupied it during the siege of the castle ; but it was restored by the late Duke. It is a large and ancient cruciform structure, with a low but well-built central tower, surmounted by an .obtuse leaden spire painted white ; it is chiefly in the later English style, and the interior is very neatly fitted up. At the east end is the Norfolk chapel, consisting of a nave and north aisle, divided by three fine arches, and lighted by windows of elegant design : this is the burial-place of the noble family of Howard, and it contains some grand and in- teresting monuments. There is a place of worship for Independents ; and a parochial school, in which are 300 children, is conducted in an appropriate building erected in 1818 by the 11th Duke. Robert de Montgo- mery founded the Benedictine monastery of St. Nicholas, to which William D’Albini, the second earl, annexed the then vacant rectory of Arundel ; the establishment flourished for two centuries, but was so greatly im- poverished by Edward III., that it was neglected till the reign of Richard II., when the Earl of Arundel dissolved it, and founded in its place the College of the Holy Trinity, for a master, twelve chaplains, two dea- cons, two sub-deacons, and four choristers. This col- lege continued to flourish till the dissolution, when its revenues were estimated at £168. 0. 7. ; part of the original building was converted by Charles, Duke of Norfolk, into a Roman Catholic chapel and a residence for his chaplain, the Rev. M. A. Tierney, author of the History and Antiquities of the Castle and Town of Arundel.” The same earl founded also the hospital of the Holy Trinity for a master and poor brethren, the revenue of which at the dissolution was valued at 76 £ 93 . 18. 6f. : on the rebuilding of the bridge over the Arun, in 1724, a considerable portion of the edifice was removed to furnish materials for that structure. The learned Chillingworth, wdio had joined the royal army, was taken prisoner during the siege of the castle by the parliamentarians, and confined in the episcopal palace of Chichester, where he died. ARYANS, (ST.) a parish, in the union and division of Chepstow, partly in the hundred of Raglan, but chiefly in the Upper division of the hundred of Caldi- COT, county of Monmouth, 2 ^ miles (N. W. by N.) from Chepstow ; containing, with the hamlet of Portcasseg, 354 inhabitants. The parish, which is bounded on the north-east by the river Wye, and situated on the road from Monmouth to Chepstow, comprises by computation 2840 acres, and abounds in richly picturesque and romantic scenery, which, in many situations, is of great beauty and diversity. From Piercefield Park, the splen- did seat of Nathaniel Wells, Esq., the views are re- markably magnificent, and embrace many reaches of the Wye, the Severn, and a great range of the surrounding country. The mansion, situated on an eminence, in the midst of fine plantations, is a superb elevation of freestone, consisting of a centre and two wrings, and much admired for its elegance, and tasteful architecture : on the spacious staircase are four beautiful pieces of Gobelin tapestry, which belonged to Louis XVI., repre- senting many subjects in the natural history of Africa. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £53 ; patron and impropriator, Duke of Beaufort : about 50 acres of land of indifferent quality, contained in two small farms in other parishes, belong to the curacy. The church is in the early English style, with a square tower, erected in 1821. Here are a parochial school and two others, all supported by subscription. Remains exist of two ancient chapels, dedicated respectively to St. Kingsmark and St. Lawrence : in the park, where is a chalybeate spring, are the remains of an encampment ; and there is a small intrenchment in the hamlet of Portcasseg. ARYHOLME, with Howthorpe, a township, in the parish of Hovingham, union of Malton, wapentake of Ryedale, N. riding of York, 7j miles (W.) from New Malton ; containing 36 inhabitants. ASBY, GREAT {St. Peter), a parish, in the union and division of East ward, county of Westmorland, 4| miles (S. by W.) from Appleby ; containing, with the townships of Asby-Windewath, Asby-Coatsforth, and Little Asby, 407 inhabitants, of whom 222 are in the first, with the hamlet of Garthern ; 129 in the second ; and 56 in the third, with the hamlet of Asby-Over- grange. It comprises by computation 6500 acres, and is bounded on the south by the parish of Crosby Garret and by Orton Fells ; the surface is diversified with hills and valleys, and is intersected by numerous rivulets, near the margin of one of which, in the hollow called Asby Gill, is Plate hole, a remarkable cavern, intersected by a small stream, and which has been explored to an extent of more than 500 yards. The substratum is principally limestone, and on the common belonging to the manor has been lately discovered a very valuable fossil marble. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £23. 13. 4. ; patron, John Hill, Esq. ; net income, £205. The church is a very ancient struc- ture with lofty gables, and strengthened by massive A S G A ASH buttresses : the parsonage-bouse occupies the site of a nunnery, of which the chapel and prison are still partly remaining, the latter being used as a cellar. There was formerly a chapel at Little Ashy, dedicated to St. Leo- nard. A school-house was built in 1688, by George Smith, citizen and merchant-tailor of London, to which Dr. Thomas Smith, Bishop of Carlisle (who was born at Whitewall, near the village), gave £100 j and an alms- house was founded in 1812 for four poor widows. Near the church is St. Helen’s well, supposed to have been a bath belonging to the nunnery. ASCOTE, CHAPEL, an extra-parochial liberty, in the S. division of the hundred of Knightlow, S. divi- sion of the county of Warwick, 2 miles (N. W. by N.) from Southam 5 containing 10 inhabitants, and com- prising 600 acres. ASCOTT, a hamlet, in the parish of Wing, union of Leighton-Buzzard, hundred of Cottesloe, county of Buckingham 5 containing 98 inhabitants. ASCOTT UNDER WYCHWOOD {Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Chipping-Norton, hundred of Chadlington, county of Oxford, miles (N. E. by N.) from Burford ; containing 463 inhabitants. The parish is divided into two portions, Earl’s Ascott and Ascott-Regis 5 and the village is pleasantly situated in a valley on the bank of the river Evenlode, near the border of Wychwood Forest. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £55 5 patron. Vicar of Shipton 5 appropriator. Prebendary of Ascott in the Cathedral of Salisbury. The church is a neat ancient building. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists 5 also a school, established by Lady Churchill. ASCOTT, a hamlet, in the parish of Great Milton, union and hundred of Thame, county of Oxford, 4^ miles (N.) from Bensington 3 containing 29 inhabitants. ASCOTT, a hamlet, in the parish of Whichford, union of Shipston-on-Stour, Brails division of the hundred of Kington, S. division of the county of Warwick, 6^ miles (S. E.) from Shipston. ASENBY, a township, in the parish of Topcliffe, wapentake of Hallikeld, N. riding of York, 5|: miles (N.) from Boroughbridge 5 containing 26l inhabitants. It is situated on the south-western acclivities of Swale- dale, and comprises by computation 1131 acres, mostly occupied in farms. A bed of gravel affords excellent material for repairing the roads 5 and a bed of coal- shale shows itself on the eminences of the dale. The tithes have been commuted for rent-charges amounting to £334. 10., of which £250 are payable to the impro- priator, £64. 10 . to the vicar of Topcliffe, and £20 to the Dean and Chapter of York. ASGARBY (aS't. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Sleaford, wapentake of Aswardhurn, parts of Kes- teven, county of Lincoln, 2|- miles (E.) from Sleaford 3 containing, with the hamlet of Boughton, 77 inhabitants. The living is a vicarage, united in 1737 to the rectory of Kirby-le-Thorpe, and valued in the king’s books at £10. 14. 4§. The church is in the later English style, with a lofty tower surmounted by a fine crocheted spire. ASGARBY (St. S within), a parish, in the union of Horncastle, W. division of the soke of Bolingbroke, parts of Lindsey, cpunty of Lincoln, 2 miles (N. by W.) from Bolingbroke 3 containing 131 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 1950 acres, two-thirds of 77 which are pasture, and one-third arable 3 the soil is a sandy loam. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln 3 but in consequence of the suppression of the prebend of Asgarby, the bishop presents pro hdc vice under the act of parliament 3 net income, £34, with three acres of glebe. The church is a small plain edifice, rebuilt about forty years ago. In I667, Henry Pell bequeathed a rent-charge of £10 for the instruction of poor children of Asgarby, Howell, and Eveden, in the charity school at Ewerby. There are some vestiges of an encamp- ment, probably formed during the civil wars, and near which human skeletons are frequently dug up. ASH, a hamlet, in the parish of Sutton-on-the- Hill, union of Burton -upon-Trent, hundred of Appletree, S. division of the county of Derby, 8 miles (W. S. W.) from Derby. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £83. 3. ASH, a hamlet, in the parish of Throwley, union of Oakhampton, hundred of Wonford, Crockernwell and S. divisions of Devon, 7i miles (E. S. E.) from Oakhampton. John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, the celebrated statesman and general, was born here, in 1650. ASH, county of Durham. — See Esh. ASH, (St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in the union of Dartford, hundred of Axton, Dartford, and Wilmington, lathe of Sutton-at-Hone, W. divi- sion of Kent, 9 miles (N. E.) from Seven Oaks 3 con- taining 663 inhabitants. It comprises 3022 acres, of which I78O are arable, 180 meadow, 624 woodland, 244 cinque-foil, I69 hop-grounds, and 21 furze and wa:te 5 the surface i« hilly and well wooded, and the soil is in some parts chalky, but chiefly a stiff loam. The living , is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 18. 4., and in the gift of the family of Lambard : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £675, and there are 20 acres of glebe. A school containing 30 boys is endowed with £20 per annum, and a girls’ national school was erected in 1814. ASH, a hamlet, in the parish and hundred of Mar- tock, union of Yeovil, W. division of Somerset 3 containing 322 inhabitants. ASH (St. Peter), a parish, under Gilbert’s act, partly in the First division of the hundred of Godley, and partly in the First division of the hundred of Wokeing, W. division of Surrey, 4^ miles (N. E. by E.) from Farnham 3 containing, with Frimley chapelry and Nor- mandy tything, 2236 inhabitants. The parish is inter- sected by the Basingstoke canal and the South-Western railway, and comprises by computation 4000 acres, of which one-half is under cultivation : a species of sand- stone, dug out of the common, is used for building 3 and pebbles are found, susceptible of a bright polish, which are commonly called Bagshot diamonds. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £15, 18. 11|. 3 net income, £473 3 patrons. Warden and Fellows of Winchester College. The church is a plain structure, and previously to the dissolution of monasteries was attached to the abbey of Chertsey. There is also a church at Frimley, of which the living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Rector 3 and a national school is supported by subscription. Dr. Young is said to have written a portion of the “ Night Thoughts” at the rectory-house, then the residence of ASH A S H B Dr. Harris, who married a sister of the poet, and was incumbent from 17 18 to 1759. ASH-BOCKING (All Saints), a parish, in the union and hundred of Bosmere and Claydon, E. divi- sion of Suffolk, 6 miles (E. by S.) from Needbam- Market j comprising by measurement 139S acres, and containing 321 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, endowed with the rectorial tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £ 9 . 18. 6 ^. 3 it is in the patronage of the Crown. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £375, and £3 per annum are paid to the rector of Hemingstone 3 the glebe consists of about 1 1 acres. ASH, CAMPSEY (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Plomesgate, hundred of Loes, E. divi- sion of Suffolk, 2 miles (E.) from Wickham-Market 5 containing 374 inhabitants. In the reign of Richard I., Theobald de Valoins gave his estate here to his two sisters, that they might build a nunnery in honour of the Virgin Mary : it was of the order of St. Clare, or the Minoresses, and at the dissolution had a revenue of £182. 9. 5. : a portion of the buildings still remains. A collegiate chapel, in honour of the Annunciation, was also founded here, by Maud, Countess of Ulster, for a warden and four secular priests, in 1347, seven years after which the establishment was removed to Bruis- yard. The parish comprises by measurement 1813 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14. 5., and in the gift of Thellusson’s Trus- tees : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £430, and there are 9^ acres of glebe. A school is conducted on the national plan. ASH-GILL, a hamlet, in the township and parish of CovERHAM, union of Leyburn, wapentake of Hang- West, N. riding of York, if mile (W.) from Middle- ham. Here is a noted training-ground for horses, the property of the Lister family. ASH, GREAT, a township, in the parish of Whit- church, Whitchurch division of the hundred of North Bradford, N. division of Salop, 2f miles {S. E. by E.) from Whitchurch 3 containing 204 inhabitants. ASH, LITTLE, a township, in the parish of Whit- church, Whitchurch division of the hundred of North Bradford, N. division of Salop, 2f miles (S. E. by E.) from Whitchurch 3 containing 208 inhabitants. A church, erected by subscription, was consecrated Aug. 31st, 1837. ASH NEAR SANDWICH (St. Nicholas), a p^vish, in the union of Eastry, hundred of Wingham, lathe of St. Augustine, E. division of Kent, 3 miles (E.) from Wingham 3 containing 2077 inhabitants. This place is by most antiquaries identified with the Rutiipium, or Urbs RatupicE, of the Romans, one Of the earliest sta- tions, if not the first, in the island, and supposed by Camden to have been established by that people for the protection of their haven called Portus Rutupensis, the landing-place of their fleets, and the most usual passage into Britaim According to Bede, the station was called by the Saxons Reptaceastre, and subsequently, by Alfred of Beverley, Richeberg, from which its present name Richborough is derived. Of the ancient city every vestige has disappeared, and the site is now covered with corn-fields : part of the citadel alone remains, consisting of portions of the walls, about 200 feet in lengthy varying from ten to thirty feet in height, and 7B ' ’ about twelve feet thick, forming one of the most inter- esting relics of Roman antiquity in the kingdom. The parish, which is intersected by the road from London to Deal, and bounded on the north by the river Stour, over which are two ferries, comprises 6872a. Ir. 36p., of which 3128 acres are arable, 3258 meadow, 331 orchards and gardens, 100 hop grounds, 49 wood, and 6 recto- rial glebe 3 the soil is rich and fertile. Pleasure fairs are held on April 5th, and Oct. 11th. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £147 j patron and ap- propriator. Archbishop of Canterbury. The church is a handsome building in the early and later English styles 3 and there is a chapel of ease, erected in 1841, in the early English style, partly by subscription and partly by aid of a grant from the Church Building Society. There are two small places of worship for Wesleyans 5 and a free school, founded and endowed with £75 per annum, in 1714, by the Cartwright family, affords instruction to 100 children. ASH-PRIORS (Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Taunton, W. division of the hundred of Kingsbury, and of the county of Somerset, 6 miles (N. W. by W.) from Taunton 3 comprising by computa- tion 600 acres, and containing 226 inhabitants. The name of this place is a corruption of Esse Prions, the property of the prior, which related to a house here, anciently used for a country residence by the prior of Taunton. The parish comprises by computation 500 acres, and the church and principal parts of the village are beautifully situated on rising ground, commanding a fine view^ of Taunton Dean. There are some quarries of red sandstone, which is of good quality for building, and is also burnt for manure. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of Sir Thomas Buckler Lethbridge, Bart., with a net income of £70 : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £110. The church, a neat structure in the later English style, has recently been enlarged by the addition of a new aisle, and beau- tified at the sole expense of Sir T. B. Lethbridge. A national school is supported by subscription. Priory House, of which a small portion yet remains, was once the residence of the celebrated Admiral Blake. ASHAMPSTEAD (St. Clement), a parish, in the union of Bradfield, hundred of Moreton, county of Berks, 10 miles (N. W. by W.) from Reading 3 containing 404 inhabitants. It comprises 1666a. Ir. 32p., of which 1350 acres are in cultivation 3 there are 70 acres of beech wood, 250 of coppice, and 100 common. The living is annexed to the vicarage of Basildon 3 impro- priator, R. Hopkins, Esq. A school is supported by subscription. ASHAMPSTEAD, a chapelry, in the parish and hundred of Lewknor, county of Oxford, 3f miles (N. W.) from Great Marlow. The chapel is dedicated to St. Mary de More. ASHBOURN (St. Oswald), a market-town and parish, comprising the townships of Hulland, Hulland- Ward, Hulland-Intacks, Sturston, and Yeldersley, in the hundred of Appletree 5 the township of Clifton and Compton, in the hundred of Morleston and Lit- church 3 and the chapelry of Alsop-le-dale and Eaton, the hamlet of Newdon- Grange, and the liberty of Offcote- Underwood, in the hundred of Wirksworth, S. division of the county of Derby 3 and containing 4884 inhabit- ants, of whom 2246 are in the town, 13^ miles (N. W, by W.) from Derby, and 140 (N. W. by N.) from London. A S H B A S H B This place, which at the time of the Conquest was held in royal demesne, is in Domesday-book called Essebum, In 1644 a battle was fought here between the royalists and the parliamentarians, in which the former were defeated with considerable loss. Charles I. was at Ashbourn during the battle, and again, in 1645, on his hciarch to Doncaster, at the head of 3000 horse, when a skirmish took place, in which the royalists defeated Sir John Cell, the leader of the parliamentarian forces in this part of the country : during his stay the king attended divine service at the church. Charles Edward Stuart, accompanied by the Dukes of Athol and Perth, on their return from Derby in 1745, remained for one night in the town, taking forcible possession of the manor-house, from which they expelled Sir Brooke Boothby and his family. On Sir Brooke’s return, he found the names of the officers written in chalk upon the doors of the apartments which they had severally occupied : of these inscriptions, which were overlaid with white paint, some are preserved, and the bedroom in which the Pretender slept is still shown. The TOWN is beautifully situated in a deep vale, on the eastern bank of the river Dove, over which there is a bridge of stone : the houses are principally built of red brick, and roofed with slate j the streets are partly paved, and the inhabitants are well supplied with water. The entrance from London is highly picturesque, com- manding a fine view of the beautiful vale on the left, and of Ashbourn Hall, the seat of Sir William Boothby, Bart., on the right : the vicinity abounds with pleasing and richly varied scenery. The reading and news-rooms, and the libraries, are respectably supported. The manu- facture of cotton and tambour lace is carried on to a considerable extent, and a great quantity of cheese and malt is sent to the metropolis and other towns 3 but the principal support of the town is derived from its market and numerous fairs. The market is on Saturday 3 and fairs are held on the first Tuesday in Jan. and Feb. 13th, for horses and cattle 5 the second Monday in March, for horses, cattle, and cheese 3 April 3rd, May 21st, and July 5th, for horses, cattle, and wool 5 Aug. I6th, and Sept. 20th, for horses and cattle 3 the third Monday in Sept, for horses, cattle, and cheese 3 and Nov. 29th, for horses. Ashbourn is in the honour of Tutbury, duchy of Lancaster, and within the juris- diction of a court of pleas held at Tutbury every third Tuesday, for the recovery of debts under 40^. Courts leet and baron are held annually under the lord of the manor, at which constables and other officers for the town are appointed. The parish comprises 7043 acres. The living is a discharged vicarage, with the rectory of Mappleton united, valued in the king’s books at £5. 4. 7* 5 net income, £134 3 patron and appropriator. Dean of Lin- coln. The church, erected in 1240 by Hugh de Patishull, Bishop of Coventry, is a spacious cruciform structure, in the early style of English architecture, with a central tower surmounted by a lofty and richly ornamented octagonal spire : the interior has lately undergone ex- tensive repairs and embellishments. The northern part of the chancel, appropriated as a sepulchral chapel to the Boothby family, contains, among others, an ex- quisitely sculptured monument by Banks, to the me- mory of Penelope, only child of Sir Brooke Boothby, who died at the age of five years, which is said to have 79 suggested to Chantrey the design of his celebrated monu- ment in Lichfield cathedral. There are places of worship for Baptists, Wesleyans, and the Countess of Hunting- don’s Connexion. The free grammar school was founded in 1585, under a charter of Queen Elizabeth, and en- dowed with estates purchased by the inhabitants, from the proceeds of which £131. 10. per annum, with a house and garden, are given to the master, and £65. 15. with a house, to the usher. An English school was founded in I7IO, and endowed with £10 per annum, by Mr. Spalden, for the instruction of thirty boys, till they should be fit to enter the grammar school : he also endowed a school for thirty girls under twelve years of age, the mistress of which has £10 per annum. In addition to these, a national school is carried on 3 and there are several almshouses, founded at various periods, and some of them endowed with considerable funds. In the neighbourhood formerly stood a chapel, dedicated to St. Mary, which, previously to its being taken down some years ago, was used as a malt-house. ^ ASHBRITTLE {St. John the Baptist)^ a parish, in the union of Wellington, hundred of Milverton, W. division of Somerset, 6f miles (W.) from Welling- ton 3 containing 540 inhabitants, and comprising 24S9^». 2r. lOp. The parish is situated on the borders of the county of Devon, and includes the tything of Greenham. Fairs are held in Feb. and Oct. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £1Q. 3. 11^., and in the gift of J. Quick, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £400, and the glebe consists of 80 acres. ASHBURNHAM (St. James), a parish, in the union of Battle, hundred of Foxearle, rape of Hast- ings, E. division of Sussex, 4^ miles (W. by S.) from Battle 3 containg 790 inhabitants. The manor, with the exception only of a few years, has been, from a time anterior to the Conquest, in the continued possession of the noble family of Ashburnham, whose mansion-house is beautifully situated, and surrounded by a fine park : the parish comprises about 3600 acres, and was once noted for the smelting of iron-ore. The living is a vicarage, with the rectory of Penhurst annexed, valued in the king’s books at £8. 13. 4. 5 patron and impro- priator, the Earl of Ashburnham. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £260, and the vicarial for £239 3 the glebe consists of 6 acres. A lectureship was founded in 1631 by R. Bateman, Esq., and others, with an endowment of £40 per annum for two sermons every week 5 it is in the gift of the co- heiresses of the late Sir Hugh Bateman, the last surviv- ing trustee. The church, situated behind Ashburnham House, is a neat cruciform edifice, in the decorated Eng- lish style, with a tower 3 the south transept contains a gallery for the family, and in the north are handsome monuments to William and John Ashburnham and their wives 3 and, in a glass case, lined with red velvet, are preserved the watch of Charles I., and portions of the dress which he wore when he was beheaded. The Earl of Ashburnham supports a school for thirty girls 3 and an almshouse for six aged widows, supposed to have been originally erected by General William Ash- burnham, and which v/as rebuilt by the late earl in the year I8I7, is supported by the present earl, who allows a certain sum to each of the inmates. There are several mineral springs in the parish. A S H B A S H B ASHBURTON (St, An- drew), a borough, market- town, and parish, in the union of Newton-Abbot, hundred of Teignbridge, Teignbridge and S. divisions of Devon, 19 miles (S. W.) from Exeter, and 1 92 (W. by S.) from London, on the road to Plymouth 3 contain- ing 3841 inhabitants. This town, anciently called Ais- bertone, in the time of Ed- ward the Confessor belonged to Brietric, and at the Conquest to Judael de Totnais. It seems by Domesday book to have then been part of the demesne of the crown, being therein described as Terra Regis,'" The place was subsequently annexed to the see of Exeter 5 and, in 1310, Bishop Stapylton obtained for it a grant of a market and four fairs 3 and, in I 672 , another market, chiefly for wool and yarn spun in Cornwall, was procured by Mr. John Ford, which has long been discontinued. It was made a stannary town by charter of Edward III., in 1328, being then noted for the mines of tin and copper which abounded in the neighbourhood. Henry IV., in the 3rd year of his reign, granted a charter, declaring that “ the men of the manor of Aisbertone, which is ancient Demesne of our Crown,” should be free from paying toll throughout the kingdom. It also appears that it belonged to the crown in the time of Charles I., as that king bestowed the manor upon his son Charles, when he created him Prince of Wales. How it was alienated by the crown is unknown 3 but in the reign of Charles II. it was the property of Sir Robert Parkhurst and Lord Sondes, Earl of Feversham, the former of whom sold his moiety to Sir John Stawell, of Parke, in South Bovey, by whose executors it was sold to Roger Tuckfield, Esq., from whom Lord Clinton, the present proprietor of one moiety of the borough, claims. The other moiety was, about the same time, purchased by Richard Duke, Esq., and is now vested in Sir L. V. Palk, Bart. Ashburton, in the parliamentary war, having been previously occupied by the royal troops under Lord Wentworth, was taken by Sir Thomas Fair- fax, on his march westward, in Jan. 1646. The town is situated about a mile and a half from the river Dart, and consists principally of one street of con- siderable length : the houses are built of stone and roofed with slate, the latter of which is obtained from quarries in the vicinity. The inhabitants are well supplied with water 3 the river Yeo, a rapid stream, runs through the town, and turns several mills. There is a book society 3 and card and dancing assemblies, and music meetings, are frequently held in a handsome suite of rooms at the Golden Lion inn. The environs abound with objects of interest, and the scenery on the banks of the river is celebrated for its picturesque and romantic beauty. The manufacture of serge and other woollen goods for the East India Company is carried on to a very great extent in the town and neighbourhood 3 there are some mills for fulling cloth and for the spinning of yarn, and, in addition to the slate -quarries, mines of tin and copper are still worked in the neighbourhood. The market is on Saturday 3 and fairsi are held on the first Thursdays in March and June, the first Thursday after the 10 th of 80 Aug. and the 11 th of Nov., which last is a great sheep fair. Ashburton is a borough by prescription : a port- reeve, baililF, constables, and subordinate officers are appointed annually at a court leet held by the steward of the borough, but they have no magisterial authority : a stannary court is held occasionally. The borough made two returns to parliament, in the 26 th of Edward I. and the Sth of Henry IV., but none subsequently until 1640, when the franchise was restored by the last parliament of Charles I., and until the passing of the Reform Act it continued to return two members 3 it now returns only one, the elective franchise being in the resident free- holders and the £10 householders of the entire parish : the portreeve is the returning officer. The LIVING is a vicarage, with Bickington and Buck- land-in-the-Moor annexed, valued in the king’s books at £38. 8 . ll|. 3 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Exeter. The great tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £390, and the vicarial for £528 3 the glebe consists of 60 acres. The church, which was formerly collegiate, is a venerable and spa- cious cruciform structure, in the later English style, with a square embattled tower. There are places of worship for Particular Baptists, Independents, and Wes- ley ans. The free grammar school was founded in the 3 rd of James I. by William Werring, Esq., and endowed with lands, a portion of which belonged to the dissolved chantry of St. Lawrence, a fine ancient building with a tower and a small spire, now appropriated to the use of the school, and for public meetings : the original endow- ment has been augmented by subsequent benefactions, and two scholarships, each of £30 per annum, in Exeter College, Oxford, were recently founded in favour of boys educated at the school, by the late Mr. Gifford. The free school, in which 180 children are educated, was endowed in 1754, by Lord Middleton and John Harris, Esq., then representatives of the borough, in gratitude for the liberality of their constituents 3 and in 1831 an excellent school-house was built at the expense of £500. Inconsiderable vestiges of a chapel, which belonged to the abbot of Buckfastleigh, are still discernible in the walls of a house occupied by Mr. Parham. John Dun- ning, Baron Ashburton, the eminent lawyer, was born here, Oct. 18th, 1731 3 he died Aug. 18th, 1783, and was interred in the church. Dr. Ireland, Dean of Westminster, and the late Mr. Gifford, editor of the Quarterly Review, were also natives of the place. The title of Baron Ashburton was revived, in 1835, in the person of Alexander Baring, Esq., nephew, by marriage of his father’s sister, of the celebrated lawyer above noticed. ASHBURY (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Farringdon, hundred of Shrivenham, county of Berks, 6 ^ miles (N. W. by W.) from Lambourn 3 con- taining, with the tythings of Idstone and Odstone, and the hamlet of Kingstone- Winslow, 819 inhabitants. It comprises 5600 acres, a large portion of which is appro- priated to dairy farms. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 11 . 8 . 1 ^. 3 net income, £375 5 patron, the Rector, who presents one of three candidates nominated by Magdalene College, Oxford 3 impropriator. Rev. Dr. Sandyford. The rectory is a sinecure, valued at £30. 12 . 6 . ; net income, £567 ; patron, the Bishop of Bath and Wells. The tithes were commuted for land, valued at about £500 per annum, and a money payment. Seal and Arms, A A SHB A S H B by an inclosure act, in 1770 ; the glebe consists of 25 acres. A school is supported by subscription. The Roman road called the Ikeneld way passes near the village j and in the parish is an intrenchment, named Alfred’s camp, near which are two barrows. Here are also a tumulus and cromlech, popularly designated Wayland Smith,” with which is connected a tradition, introduced by Sir Walter Scott, in his romance of Ke- nilworth.” ASHBURY {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Oakhampton, hundred of Black Torrtngton, Black Torrington and Shebbear, and N. divisions of Devon, 5 ^ miles (S. W. by W.) from Hatherleigh 5 containing 65 inhabitants. It contains about 1450 acres, in general of a clayey soil. The living is a discharged rectory, va- lued in the king’s books at £5. 13. 4., and in the patron- age of the Crown ; net income, £96. There are about 120 acres of glebe. A school is conducted on the national plan. ASHBY {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Caistor, wapentake of Bradley-Haverstoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 6:| miles (S. by W.) from Great Grimsby j containing, with Fenby, 211 inhabit- ants. This parish, which is situated on the old road from Great Grimsby to Louth, and on the borders of the wolds, comprises, together with the hamlet of Fenby, 1637 acres by admeasurement ; the soil is fertile, and the sub-soil is generally chalk ; the surface undulated, and the scenery picturesque. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14. 10. 10., and in the gift of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £252, and the glebe comprises 45 acres. The church, a very ancient structure, in the early Eng- lish style, with a square tower, contains an oak pulpit richly carved, and an elegant octagonal font, supported on a clustered pedestal, and panelled in quatrefoil : there are also two handsome monuments, of which one is to the memory of Sir William and Lady Frances Wray. There is a chapel of ease at Fenby 5 and a place of worship in the parish for Wesleyans. In 1641 six almshouses were built by Dame Wray, and endowed by her son Sir Christopher Wray, with a rent- charge of £30, to which the present incumbent has added the in- terest of £100 5 there is also a rent of £4 distributed among the poor. ASHBY {St. Helen), a parish, in the union of Spilsby, Wold division of the wapentake of Candle- shoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 2j miles (E. by N.) from Spilsby 3 containing I60 inhabitants. It comprises 906 acres by measurement, exclusively of roads. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 10. 2|. 5 net income, £157, arising from 185 acres of land allotted in 1811 in lieu of tithes by an inclosure act 3 patrons, the Representatives of the late Dr. Fowler, Bishop of Ossory. The church was rebuilt in 1841. ASHBY, a township, in the parish of Bottesford, union of Glandford-Brigg, E. division of the wapen- take of Manley, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 6^ miles (W. by S.) from Glandford-Brigg 3 containing 429 inhabitants. The village is large and pleasant, and the township comprises about 2100 acres, extending over the western ridge of the wolds to the river Trent, near which is a tract of moory land that has just under- gone the process of warping. There is a decoy, abound- VoL. I. — 81 ing in wild duck and other aquatic birds 3 in the imme- diate vicinity of which a handsome mansion was built in 1841, by H. Healey, Esq. Forty acres of land were awarded to the vicar of the parish at the in closure. There are places of worship for Wesleyans and Primitive Methodists. ASHBY {St. Mary), a parish, in the East and West Flegg incorporation, hundred of West Flegg, E. division of Norfolk, 4 miles (N.) from Acle ; con- taining, with the parish of Oby, 85 inhabitants, of whom 16 are in Ashby. This parish, which was consolidated with those of Thirne and Oby in 1604, comprises about 1900 acres, of which 800 are marsh and meadow land. The three places form one rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10, and in the gift of the Bishop of Norwich : the tithes have been commuted for £690, Ashby con- sists of only one farm 3 and had formerly a church, of which there are very slight remains : the parsonage- house, a respectable residence, is in that part called Oby, and has a glebe of about 23 acres. ASHBY {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Lod- DON and Clavering, hundred of Loddon, E. division of Norfolk, 7-5 miles (S. E.) from Norwich 3 containing 263 inhabitants. The waste lands were inclosed under an act passed in 1837. The living is a rectory, united to that of Carleton, valued in the king’s books at £6 3 patrons, alternately. Sir W. B. Proctor and Sir Charles Rich, Barts. The church consists of a nave and chancel, with a square tower 3 the entrance on the south is through a rich Norman doorway. ASHBY {St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Mutford and Lothingland, E, division of Suffolk, 6 miles (N. W.) from Lowestoft 3 contain- ing, wdth the chapelry of Adstone, 53 inhabitants, and comprising 1003 acres. The living is a discharged rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £6, and in the gift of the Rev. George Anguish : the tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £205, and the glebe consists of about 22 acres. The church is a small thatched building, having a tower circular at the base, and octan- gular above. ASHBY, CANONS {St. Mary) , a parish, in the union of Daventry, hundred of Greens-Norton, S. division of the county of Northampton, 8 miles (W. by N.) from Towcester 3 containing 252 inhabitants. The parish consists of 3070a. 29p., of which 1715a. 29p. are in the division of the parish, exclusively of the chapelry of Ad- stone, and a portion is occupied by a well- wooded park. Here was anciently a priory of Black canons, founded about the time of John, the revenue of which, at the dissolution, was £127- 19. : in the alienation no endow- ment was reserved for the service of the church, and consequently there is now no incumbency. ASHBY, CASTLE {St. Mary a parish, in the union of Hardingstone, hundred of Wymmers- ley, S. division of the county of Northampton, 8 miles (E. by S.) from Northampton 5 containing 17^ inhabit- ants. It appears to derive the prefix to its name from an ancient castle which is thought to have stood near the site of the present magnificent mansion of the Mar- quess of Northampton, where the foundation stones of a large building have been discovered. The parish com- prises 1889a. 2r., of which the greater part is arable 3 the soil is a strong clay, the sub-soil limestone, in some parts gravel. The living is a rectory, valued in the A S H B A S H B king’s books at £17. 9. 7*, and in the gift of the Mar- quess ; the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £^37. 18. 2., and the glebe consists of 120 acres. The church forms a picturesque object in his lordship’s grounds, and is principally in the decorated style of English architecture 5 the north entrance is through a beautiful Norman arch in good preservation. Some skeletons and warlike weapons of an early date have been dug up in the neighbourhood. ASHBY, COLD {St. Denis), a parish, in the union of Brixworth, hundred of Guilsborough, S. division of the county of Northampton, ll| miles (N. W. by N.) from Northampton 5 containing 443 inhabitants. This parish, which comprises by computation 2077 acres, is situated on a verdant tract of elevated ground, and bounded on the north-east by the road from Northamp- ton to Leicester 5 and from the bold declivity terminat- ing the lofty ridge upon which the village stands, extensive and beautiful prospects are obtained of the surrounding country. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 0. 5. 5 net income, £230 ; patron and incumbent. Rev. W. Mousley 5 impropriators, the family of Buxton : the glebe consists of about 120 acres of good arable land. The church was repaired and repewed in 1840, at w’hich time the incumbent pre- sented a new organ and two stained-glass windows. Here is a school endowed with £18 per annum. Richard Knolles, the historian of the Turkish Empire, was born here in 1540. ASHBY-DE-LA-LAUNDE {St. Hybald), a parish, in the union of Sleaford, wapentake of Flaxwell, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 6:^ miles (N. by W.) from Sleaford ; containing 157 inhabitants. It comprises 2580a. 3r., of which 2296 acres are arable, 222 grass, and 62 woodland, &c. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 8. 4. ^ net income, £299 5 patron and impropriator. Rev. John King. The tithes were commuted for land and a money pavment, under an in closure act, in 1807. ASHBY-DE-LA-ZOUCH {St. Helen), a market- town, parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of West Goscote, N. division of the county of Leicester, 18 miles (N. W. by W.) from Leicester, and 1 15 (N. W. by N,) from London j containing, with part of the chapelry of Blackfordby, 5652 inhabitants. The name appears to be derived from the Saxon Asc, an ash, and bye, a habitation : it received the adjunct, by which it is dis- tinguished from other towns of the same name, from the family of La Zouch, in whose possession it continued from the latter part of the twelfth to the close of the fourteenth century. Sir William Hastings, created Baron Hastings by Edward IV., and who was beheaded by Richard III., built a strong castle here in the reign of the former monarch, in which Mary, Queen of Scots, while in the custody of the Earl of Huntingdon, was for some time kept in confinement 5 and in this castle also Anne, consort of James I., and her son, Prince Henry, were magnificently entertained by the Earl of Hunting- don, on their journey from York to London in 1603. At the commencement of the parliamentary war, the Earl of Huntingdon was one of the first that appeared in arms for the king in Leicestershire, and Ashby Castle was garrisoned for his majesty by the earl’s second son. Col. Henry Hastings, who was made general of the king’s forces in the midland counties, and, for his ser- 82 vices to the royal cause was, in 1643, created Baron Loughborough. The king was here, on his march to and from Leicester, in May and June 1645. After sus- taining a siege of several months from the army under Fairfax, Lord Loughborough surrendered the castle to Col. Needham, in February 1646, on honourable terms, the garrison being allowed to march out with all the honours of war. The castle was one of the fortresses demolished by order of a committee of the house of commons, about the end of the year 1649 : the re- maining portions form an extensive and interesting mass of ruins, consisting of the great tower, the chapel, the kitchen tower, and a part evidently of much earlier date than the tower, as some portion of it was standing in the time of Richard I. The Marquess of Hastings has lately expended a considerable sum in repairing parts of these ruins, and arresting the progress of decay and on the site of a building which stood to the north of the castle, and at right angles with it, erected for the accommodation of the suite of James I., when on a visit to the Earl of Huntingdon, he has erected a handsome structure in the later English style, designated the manor- house. The TOWN, a great part of which was destroyed by fire in 1753, is pleasantly situated on the banks of the small river Gilwisthaw, at the north-western extremity of the county, and consists principally of one very spacious street, with two smaller streets extending in a parallel di- rection, and containing several substantial and w^ell-buiit houses : it is lighted with gas, and measures have been lately taken for supplying it with water. The Ivanhoe baths, a splendid building erected in 1826, of the Doric order of architecture, are supplied from the neighbour- ing collieries with water, strongly impregnated with muriate of soda, containing, by ten or twelve degrees, a greater proportion of salt than sea water : the building consists of a centre, comprising the spacious pump- room, finished with rich architectural decorations, and over-arched with an elegant and lofty dome, and of two wings, one for gentlemen and the other for ladies, in each of which is a range of six baths, with douche, vapour, and shower varieties. There are lodging-houses, a handsome hotel, a neat theatre, and other sources of attraction, requisite in a place of fashionable resort. The manufac- ture of the coarser kinds of hosiery is carried on here : bricks are made to a considerable extent 5 and in the neighbouring wolds, which abound with iron-stone and excellent coal, and which are now inclosed and popu- lous, extensive collieries have been opened by the Mar- quess of Hastings, and there is also a furnace for smelt- ing the iron-ore. A canal passes within three miles south-westward of the town, with which it is connected by a railroad, and, after continuing a course of more than thirty miles, unimpeded by a single lock, forms a junction with the Coventry canal. The market is on Saturday; and fairs are held on Shrove-Monday, Easter- Tuesday, Whit-Tuesday, the last Monday in Sept, and the 10th of Nov. for horses and cattle : this is stated to be the best market for strong horses in England. A court of requests has been established, under an act passed in 1838, which is held monthly, on Mondays, or oftenerif necessary, before the ordinary commissioners, for the recovery of debts not exceeding £5, and once in every three months, or oftener, before a barrister of six years* practice, appointed under the act, for debts A S H B A S H B above that amount and not exceeding £15. A con- stable and two headboroughs are appointed at the court leet of the lord of the manor. The parish comprises about 7000 acres. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £14. 10. 4 . } net income, £417 j patron .and impropri- ator, Marquess of Hastings. 150 acres of land belong to the living in this parish, and 33 in that of Whitwick. The church is a spacious structure, in the decorated English style, and contains, in an adjoining sepulchral chapel, several monuments of the Huntingdon family, among which is one to the memory of Francis, Earl of Huntingdon, and his countess, deserving particular notice. A church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, has been erected at an expense of £3000, on a site given by the marquess, and was consecrated on the 13th of Aug. 1840 ; it is a handsome structure, and contains 900 sittings, of which 600 are free. In the township of Blackfordby is a chapel of ease ^ and there are places of worship for Baptists, the Connexion of the Countess of Huntingdon, Independents, and Wesley ans. The free girammar school was founded in 1567, by Henry, Earl of Huntingdon, and others, and endowed with 120 houses and 7^ acres of land : it provides instruction to about 120 boys, and has, jointly with the school at Derby, ten exhibitions of £10 each per annum to Emanuel College, Cambridge, founded by Francis Ash, merchant and citizen of London, a native of this town, with preference to the founder’s relations. The Blue- coat school was instituted in 1669, and endowed with £25 per annum, by Isaac Dawson ^ and a Green-coat school was established and endowed by Alderman New- ton, of Leicester : they are now united, and contain about 50 boys. The Rev. Simeon Ash, a native of this town, gave £50 per annum, directing that £10 should be appropriated to the apprenticing of two boys yearly in some corporate town, and that the remainder should be distributed among the poor 5 and there are other schools, besides those already mentioned, carried on for the benefit of poor children. The union of which Ashby is the head comprises seventeen parishes or places in the county of Leicester, and eleven in the county of Derby, and contains a population of 14,234. A great number of Roman coins has been found here. Bishop Hall, an eminent divine and satirist, and Dr. John Bain- bridge, a celebrated astronomer and mathematician, were born at the town, the former in 1574, and the latter in 1582. ASHBY-FOLVILLE (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Melton-Mowbray, hundred of East Gos- COTE, N. division of the county of Leicester, 6 miles (S. W. by S.) from Melton -Mowbray 5 containing, with the chapelry of Bardsby, 437 inhabitants. It comprises 2S29«. Ir. 13p., of which 2298 acres are pasture, 46 1 arable, and 70 woodland. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9 j net income, £170 j patron and incumbent. Rev. J. Brown 5 impro- priators, the family of Johnston. Lord Carrington, in 1673, founded and endowed an almshouse for seven poor men or women, the endowment of which produces £135 per annum. ASHBY, St. LEDGER’S (St. Mary and St. Leod- gare), a parish, in the union of Daventry, hundred of Fawsley, S. division of the county of Northampton, 3^ miles (N.) from Daventry 3 containing 257 inhabit- 83 ants. This parish, which comprises 1902a. 2r. 4p., is bounded on the east by the Roman Watling- street, and is situated near the London and Birmingham railway and the Union canal. The living is a discharged vicar- age, valued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 4., and in the patronage of Mrs. Gaitskell and Lady Senhouse; net income, £130, which chiefly arises from 66 acres of glebe. The church is in the later English style, and contains a richly ornamented screen and rood-loft, and in the windows are some remains of ancient painted glass. Sir William Catesby, favourite of Richard III., and owner of the manor, was buried here within the altar-rails under a marble slab, with a rich brass in fine preservation ; and Robert Catesby, the conspirator, of the time of James I., resided here, where he had property. ASHBY, MAGNA (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Lutterworth, hundred of Guthlaxton, S. division of the county of Leicester, 4 miles (N. by E.) from Lutterworth ; containing 337 inhabitants, and comprising by measurement 2000 acres. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 18. 11^. ; net income, £120 j patron and impropriator, Earl of Aylesford. The glebe consists of 49 acres. ASHBY-MEARS (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Wellingborough, hundred of Hamford- SHOE, N. division of the county of Northampton, 4 miles (W. by S.) from Wellingborough ; containing 496 inhabitants. It comprises 1500 acres, of which more than two-thirds are arable land, and is beautifully situ- ated about a mile from the road between Wellingborough and Northampton, and two miles distant from the navi- gable river Nene. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £4. 13. 9. ; net income, £235 ; patrons, alternately. Sir James Langham, Bart, and Dr. Hardy, master of Winchester College ; the glebe consists of about 20 acres, with a house in good repair. The south side of the church has been rebuilt 5 the tower is very ancient. A free school is endowed with land assigned, on the inclosure of waste grounds, in lieu of property purchased with a bequest of £200 by Sarah Kinloch, in 1720 ; the rental is about £60. Land, also, producing about £30 per annum, is appropriated to the repair of highways and bridges. ASHBY, PARVA (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Lutterworth, hundred of Guthlaxton, S. division of the county of Leicester, 3 miles (N. N. W.) from Lutterworth 3 containing 179 inhabitants. It comprises about 750 acres, of which three-fourths are pasture land j the soil is clay and gravel. Within a mile and a half is a station on the Midland Counties’ railway. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 7- d., and in the patronage of the Crown 3 net income, £98 : the glebe consists of 34 acres. Mrs. Goodacre, in 1830, bequeathed the whole of her pro- perty, amounting to £6574, after payment of all debts and legacies, to her niece, Mrs. Bowyer, in trust for charitable uses 3 who, in pursuance of the testator’s will, expended a part of the money in erecting almshouses for eight widows, and two schoolrooms with dwelling-houses 3 and laid out the residue of the property in the purchase of estates producing £150 a year for their endowment. On the inclosure of the parish in 1665, fourteen acres of land, yielding £28 per annum, were allotted to the reduction of the poor-rates, and three acres, producing £7 per annum, to the repair of the church. M 2 A S H C X ASHE ASHBY-PUERORUM (St. Andrew), a parish, ia the Tinion of Horncastle, hundred of Hill, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 4:| miles (E. N. E.) from Horncastle 5 containing, with the hamlet of Stainsby, and Holbeck, extra-parochial, 1 1 1 inhabitants. Ashby Puerorvm, which comprises 1500 acres, chiefly arable, derives its affix from its connexion with the singing boys of Lincoln Cathedral, for whose benefit the great tithes are received. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 3. 2. j net income, £118; patrons and impropriators. Masters of the Cho- risters of Lincoln Cathedral. ASHBY, WEST (All Saints), a parish, in the union and soke of Horncastle, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, if mile (N.) from Horncastle; con- taining, with the hamlets of Farthorpe and Middle- thorpe, 534 inhabitants. It is pleasantly situated at the foot of the wolds, on the road from Horncastle to Louth, and is intersected in the western part by the river Bane, and in the eastern by the river Waring. The whole extent by measurement is 2900 acres, of which two-thirds are arable, and one-third meadow and pas- ture ; the soil is extremely fertile. The village is one of the most pleasing in the county, remarkable for the neatness of its buildings, the excellence of the roads leading to it, and the beauty of the surrounding scenery. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £54 ; patron and appropriator, the Bishop of Carlisle. The church is a handsome edifice in the later English style, with a square embattled tower, and partly mantled with ivy. ASHCHURCH (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union, and Lower division of the hundred of Tewkes- bury, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 2f miles (E. N. E.) from Tewkesbury ; containing, with the tythings of Aston-upon-Carron, Fiddington with Natton, Northway with Newton, and Pamington, 743 inhabitants. This parish, of which the name was originally East- church, from its relative situation to the church of Tewkesbury, is on the road from Tewkesbury to Stow, and comprises by computation 3150 acres. One of the first-class stations on the Birmingham and Gloucester railway is situated close to the village. The living is a per- petual curacy ; net income, £48 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. J. B. Skipper. The tithes were partially commuted for land, under an inclosure act, in 1811 3 the glebe con- sists of about 25 acres. The church is a handsome edifice, chiefly in the English style, with a square embattled tower, crowned with pinnacles 3 the south entrance is by a Norman porch of elegant design. Mrs. Smithsend bequeathed £400, appropriating £7. 7. per annum to the Sunday school, and the remainder to the purchasing of blankets for distribution annually among the poor. A spring resembling the Cheltenham waters was discovered a few years since. ASHCOMBE, a parish, in the union of St. Thomas, hundred of Exminster, Wonford and S. divisions of Devon, 2^ miles (E.) from Chudleigh 3 containing 297 inhabitants. This parish, situated near the sea-coast, comprises 2000 acres by survey, of which 500 acres of common and waste have recently been planted ; the re- mainder is arable, pasture, and orchard 3 the soil is a red loam. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £18, and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £242, 84 and the glebe comprises 30 acres. The church, a cruciform structure, in the early and decorated English styles, was dedicated 22nd Nov. 1259 j it contains many ancient stalls of carved oak. During the recent repairs part of an old breviary was found between the ceiling and the roof, written in the reign of Richard II. 3 it is now in the British Museum. Here are two charity schools. ASHCOTT (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Bridgwater, hundred of Whitley, W. division of Somerset, 5 miles (W. S. W.) from Glastonbury 3 con- taining, with the hamlet of Pedwell, 843 Jnhabitants. This parish, which is bounded on the south by the Polden hills, and intersected by the road from Glaston- bury to Bridgwater, formerly belonged to the abbey of Glastonbury. A fair for cattle is held on Jan. 9th. The living is a perpetual curacy, annexed to the vicarage of Shapwick : the impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £158. I6., and the vicarial for £155, and £9. 10. are paid to the rector of Walton-cum-Street 3 the glebe consists of 45 acres. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. In 1737 Richard Miles bequeathed a sum of money, since vested in land, now producing £70 per annum, which is distributed among the poor. ASHDON (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Saffron-Walden, hundred of Freshwell, N. division of Essex, Sf miles (N. E. by E.) from Saffron-Walden 3 comprising by computation 3681 acres, and containing, with the hamlet of Little Bartlow, 1164 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king's books at £28. 3. 4.3 net income, £6913 patrons. Master and Fellows of Cains College, Cambridge. The church, situated on an eminence, is a spacious and ancient structure, with a low square tower surmounted by a small spire covered with lead : the parsonage-house, a handsome residence, about a quarter of a mile to the north, is pleasantly situated on rising ground. There is a national school, built in 1833, at an expense of £316. There are four large barrows, commonly called Bartlow- hills, and three small ones in front of them, in the parish. ASHE, a tything, in the parish of Stourpain, union of Blandford, hundred of Pimperne, Blandford divi- sion of Dorset 3 containing 64 inhabitants. ASHE (Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Whitchurch, hundred of Overton, Kingsclere and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 5j miles (E. N. E.) from Whitchurch ; comprising by computa- tion 1667 acres, and containing I60 inhabitants. The liv- ing is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 11. 5^. 3 net income, £350 3 patron, W. H. Beach, Esq. : the glebe consists of about 32 acres. ASHELDHAM (St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union of Maldon, hundred of Dengie, S. division of Essex, 2 miles (N. E.) from Southminster 3 containing 219 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the sea- shore, comprises an area of about 3 square miles. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £16. 13.4.3 patron. Bishop of London 3 ap- propriators, Dean and Chapter of St. Paul’s. The tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £408. 10., and there are 40 acres of glebe. The church is a plain build- ing, consisting of a nave and chancel, with a low square tower. ASHELWORTH (St. Andrew, or St. Bartholo- mew), a parish, in the union of Gloucester, Upper A S H F A S H F division of tbe hundred of Berkeley, though locally in the hundred of Dudstone and King’s Barton, W. division of the county of Gloucester, miles (N. by W.) from Gloucester ^ containing 5Q4 inhabitants. It is skirted on the south-east by the navigable river Severn, and comprises about 1600 acres, of which two-thirds are pasture, and one-third arable. Several parts of the manor-house display considerable antiquity j and the parsonage, now a farm-house, affords a peculiarly fine specimen of wood-work. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10. 2. 11. 3 net income, £187 j patron. Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol. The tithes were commuted for land and an annual money-payment, under an inclosure act, in 1797 The church consists of a nave, south aisle, and two chancels, with a tower and spire, chiefly in the later English style. ASHEN, a parish, in the union of Risbridge, hun- dred of Hinckford, N. division of Essex, miles (S. W. by S.) from Clare 5 comprising by measurement 1574 acres, and containing 32 1 inhabitants. The village is pleasantly situated on elevated ground, commanding fine prospects 5 and the parish is richly wooded. John Elwes, celebrated for his great wealth and penurious habits, was proprietor of the manor of Ashen, to which he succeeded on the decease of his uncle. Sir Harvey Elwes. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8, and in the patronage of the Crown, in right of the duchy of Lancaster : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £390, and there are I6 acres of glebe. The church, consisting of a nave and chancel, is an edifice of small dimensions, chiefly of stone, with a square embattled tower, and contains several monu- ments of great antiquity. According to Bishop Tanner, here was a priory of Augustine Friars, in the seventeenth of Edward II. ASHENDON (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Aylesbury, hundred of Ashendon, county of Buck- ingham, 6| miles (N.) from Thame j containing, with the hamlet of Pollicot, 312 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, with that of Dorton annexed 5 net in- come, £1065 patrons. Dean and Canons of Christ- Church, Oxford. The church formerly contained several lofty and elegant marble monuments to the ancient family of Falconer, of Ashendon, which have long since been removed : in a large recess of the south wall, under an ornamented arch, to the left of the communion table, is the recumbent effigy of a crusader with chain mail. ASHERIDGE, a hamlet, in the parish of Chesham, union of Amersham, hundred of Burnham, county of Buckingham 3 containing 129 inhabitants. ASHFIELD, with Ruthall, a township, in the pa- rish of Prior’s-Ditton, union of Bridgenorth, hun- dred of Munslow, S. division of Salop, 8f miles (W. S. W.) from Bridgenorth 3 containing 55 inhabitants. ASHFIELD (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Bosmere and Claydon, hundred of Thredling, E. division of Suffolk, 2 | miles (E.) from Debenham ; comprising 1565a. 2r. 19p., and containing, with the hamlet of Thorpe, 343 inhabitants. The living is a per- petual curacy 3 net income, £53 3 patron and impro- priator, Lord Henniker, who has commuted the tithes for a rent- charge of £465. The glebe comprises three acres, with a small cottage. The church has long been dilapidated, though parts of the walls and of the steeple remain : the cemetery is still used for interment. There 85 is a chapel of ease at Thorpe, in the English style, with a round tower, which is very old 3 it was repaired by George Pitt, Esq., in 1739. There is also a burial-ground at Thorpe. ASHFIELD, GREAT (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Stow, hundred of Blackburn, W. division of Suffolk, 5 miles (E. S. E.) from Ixworth 3 containing 3^6 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £54 3 patron and impropriator. Lord Thurlow, whose ancestor, the lord chancellor, was born here in 1732. The church is in the early and decorated styles, and consists of a nave, chancel, and north aisle, with a square tower, surmounted by a small spire. Nicholas Firmage, by his will dated in 1620, gave, for a minister to preach a sermon every Sunday forenoon, lands of which four-fifths of the rents are now paid to a lecturer. ASHFORD, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Bakewell, hundred of High Peak, N. division of the county of Derby, 2 miles (N. W. by W.) from Bakewell 3 containing 950 inhabitants, and comprising 2562a. Ir. 13p. The village is pleasantly situated in a vale watered by the river Wye, over which are three stone bridges. Mills for sawing and polishing marble, being the first established for that purpose in England, were erected on its banks in 1786, and are supplied from the cele- brated quarries of black marble in the vicinity. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £102 3 patron. Vicar of Bakewell 3 appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Lichfield. The chapel, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, is in various styles, part being early English 3 the first erection was a chantry, established here by Godfrey, son of Wenun Wyn, in 1257. There is a place of wor- ship for General Baptists 3 another, originally founded by the nonconformist divine, William Bagshaw, styled the Apostle of the Peak,” has been subsequently used by different sects. A school endowed with £8. 13. 4. per annum, is further supported by a donation of £20 from the Duke of Devonshire. Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Kent, resided in a mansion near the church, of which there are no vestiges, except the moat that sur- rounded it. ASHFORD (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Barnstaple, hundred of Braunton, Braunton and N. divisions of Devon, 2 miles (N. W.) from Barnstaple 3 containing 174 inhabitants. This parish, situated on the navigable river Taw, by which it is bounded on the south, comprises by measurement 330 acres, two-thirds of which are arable, and the remainder grazing, meadow, and orchard. The living is a discharged vicarage, en- dowed with the rectorial tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £8. 13. 9. : it is in the patronage of the Crown, and the tithes have been commuted for' a rent-charge of £85, with a^glebe of 7 acres. A school is supported by voluntary contributions. ASHFORD (St. Mary), a market-town, parish, and the head of the union of West Ashford, in the hundred of Chart and Longbridge, lathe of Scray, E. division of Kent, 20 miles (S. E. by E.) from Maidstone, and 54 (E. S. E.) from London 3 containing 3082 inhabitants. This place, originally Asscheford, rose from the ruins of Great Chart, an ancient market-town, which gave name to the hundred, and was destroyed during the Danish wars. The town, which is a liberty of itself, is situated on an eminence rising from the northern bank of the small river Stour, over which is a bridge of one arch : ASHF A S H I the houses are modern and well built, and the prin- cipal street, which is nearly half a mile long, is lighted. The turnpike-roads from London to Hythe, and from Canterbury to Rye, in the county of Sussex, pass through it. A suite of assembly-rooms has been erected on the site of the ancient manor and market- house, in which assemblies occasionally take place j there are two subscription libraries, and races are held annually for one day. The only branch of manufacture is that of linen, which is carried on to a small extent. The market is on Tuesday and Saturday ; there is a cattlcrmarket on the first and third Tuesday, in every months and fairs are held on May 17th, Sept. 9th, and Oct. ^4th, for general merchandize, and in the first week in Aug. for wool. A new turnpike-road, in a more direct line than the old road, has lately been completed between the place and Canterbury 5 and the South- Eastern railway passes near it. A court leet is held annually, at which a constable, borough-holder, and other officers are appointed. The parish comprises 2800a. 3r. ITp., of which about 92 acres are roads, waste lands, and the town. The LIVING is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £18. 4. 2. 5 net income, £460 3 patrons and appropri- ators. Dean and Chapter of Rochester : the glebe com- prises about 14 acres. The church, formerly collegiate, is a spacious and handsome cruciform structure, in the later English style, with a lofty and elegant tower rising from the centre, and having at the southern entrance a fine Norman arch : it was rebuilt in the reign of Ed- ward IV., by Sir John Fogge, Knt., who erected the beautiful tower, and founded the college for a master, two chaplains, and two secular clerks. In a small chapel adjoining the south-western transept are three sumptuous monuments of variegated marble, to the memory of the Smyths of Westenhanger, and one to the Duchess of Athol. There are places of worship for Particular Baptists, the Society of Friends, the Connexion of the Countess of Huntingdon, and Wesley ans. The free grammar school was founded in 1636, by Sir Nor- ton Knatchbull, who endowed it with £30 per annum, and vested the appointment of a master in his own family j and national schools are supported by subscrip- tion, and by a bequest in land, producing £35 a year, from Dr. Turner, in 1702. The poor law union of West Ashford comprises 12 parishes and places, and contains a population of 11,329. A mineral spring was disco- vered, a few years ago, in a field called Sparrows gar- dens. Robert Glover, an industrious antiquary of the sixteenth century j his nephew, Thomas Miller, eminent as a herald and genealogist; and Dr. John Wallis, the celebrated mathematician, were natives of the place. Ashford confers the inferior title of Bardh on the family of Keppel, Earls of Albemarle. ASHFORD (St, Michael), a parish, in the union of Staines, hundred of Spelthorne, county of Middle- sex, 4 miles (N. E. by N.) from Chertsey ; containing 524 inhabitants. It comprises 1378a. 3r. 14p., of which the greater portion is arable, and about 100 acres mea- dow and pasture ; the surface is generally flat, and the soil a gravel resting on blue clay ; the surrounding scenery is pleasing, and is enlivened by several hand- some residences. The living is annexed to the vicarage of Staines ; impropriator, J. Irving Esq. The great tithes were commuted in 1809 for land and a money payment, 86 under an inclosure act; and the vicarial tithes have since been commuted for a rent- charge of £100 ; there is a glebe of 26J acres. The church is a small edifice, built in 1796, at the expense of the principal inhabitants. A Sun- day school is endowed with the interest of £438.3. Sj., three and a half per cent, consols! ASHFORD, a hamlet, in the parish of Ilton, union of Chard, hundred of Abdick and Bulstone, W. divi- sion of Somerset ; containing 13 inhabitants. ASHFORD-BOWDLER (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Ludlow, hundred of Munslow, S. divi- sion of Salop, 2 miles (S. by E.) from Ludlow ; con- taining 96 inhabitants. This parish, situated on the river Teme, and intersected by the road from Ludlow to Worcester, comprises about 370 acres, of which two- thirds are arable, and the remainder pasture. The liv- ing is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £55 ; patron, C. Walker, Esq., of Ashford Court. ASHFORD-CARBONELL (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Ludlow, partly in the hundred of Mun- slow, but chieflv in that of Stottesden, S. division of Salop, 3^ miles (S. S. E.) from Ludlow; containing 266 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, annexed to that of Little Hereford. ASHFORDBY, or Asfordby (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Melton-Mowbray, hundred of East Goscote, N. division of the county of Leicester, 3 miles (W.) from Melton-Mowbray ; containing 482 in- habitants. It, comprises by measurement 1800 acres, of which two-thirds are grazing, and one-third arable land, and is situated on the river Wreak, which com- municates with the Leicester and Melton-Mowbray navi- gation, and over which is a bridge. The living is a rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £15. 11. 8., and in the patronage of the Rev. A. Burnaby, the present in- cumbent, and his two sisters, with a net income of £455 : the tithes were commuted for land in I76I, under an inclosure act. In 1769, Morris Cam left £100 towards the support of a school ; and from other be- quests a small sum is distributed among the poor. ASH-HOLM, a township, in the parish of Lambley, union of Haltwhtstle, W. division of TindaLe ward, S. division of Northumberland, I9J miles (W. by S.) from Hexham. This place, which is snugly seated under banks clothed with luxuriant woods, and where the course of the Tyne is suddenly intercepted by a high promontory called the Shafthill, was the seat of the ancient family of Wallace, whose honourable career and success in life have enabled them to extend their pro- perty in the county far beyond the limits of this their patrimonial estate : James Wallace was attorney-general in I78O, and his son Thomas also filled offices of state, for which he was, in 1828, created Baron Wallace of Knaresdale. The Romans had a signal station here, the area of which is rectangular, but only 35 yards by 24, being defended on three sides by steep escarpments, and on the east, and partly on the south, being cut off from the main land by a ditch 60 feet wide and 25 deep. Here is a good mill- stone quarry. ASHILL (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of SwAFFHAM, hundred of Wayland, W. division of Nor- folk, 3 miles (N. W.) from Watton ; containing 637 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 2991 acres, of which 2367 are arable, and 584 meadow and pas- ture; the soil is in some parts light and gravelly, and A S H I A S HL in others strong and clayey. The living is a rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £19. 13. 6J. ; patron and incumbent, Rev. B. Edwards. The tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £979 j a rent- charge of £^21 is paid to the rector of Great Cressingham ; and there are 30 acres of glebe, wdth a good glebe-house. The church is chiefly in the later style of English archi- tecture. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. At the iime of the inclosure 73 acres of land were allotted to the poor. ASHILL, a parish, in the union of Ghard, hundred of Abdick and Btjlstone, W. division of Somerset, 4 miles (N. W.) from Ilminster 5 containing 438 inhabit- ants. This place, which is situated on the road from Bridport to Taunton and Tiverton, belonged in the reign of Edward II. to Thomas de Multon, who obtained for the inhabitants the grant of a weekly market on Wed- nesday, and of fairs on the festivals of the Virgin Mary, St. Simon, and St. Jude. A portion of ground, which for many years has been contested by the parishes of Ashill and Broadway, was in 1685 the scene of a con- flict between Monmouth on his retreat from Sedgemoor and a party of the king’s forces. The parish comprises by admeasurement 1790 acres of profitable land, under good cultivation ; the scenery is pleasantly diversified, and in some parts enriched with wood. A fair is still held in the village on the Wednesday in Easter-week. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 0. 10.; patron, the Prebendary of Ashill in the Cathedral of Wells, whose appropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £204. 10. 8., and who has a glebe of 60 acres ; the vicarial tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £118. 13. 4., and there are 24 acres of land attached, at Bewley Down, Dorset. There are some remains of an ancient seat of Nicholas Wadham, founder of Wadham College, Ox- ford ; and a chalybeate spring is carefully preserved. ASHINGDON (St, Andrew), a parish, in the union and hundred of Rochford, S. division of Essex, miles (N. by W.) from Rochford ; containing 119 in- habitants. This place is thought by the best writers to have been the scene of the battle of Assandune, in 1016, in which Canute the Dane, after a sanguinary contest, vanquished the Saxons under Edmund Iron- side. The parish comprises ll65a. Ir. lip. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 13. 4. ; patron and incumbent. Rev. John Nottidge, whose tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £285, and who has 20 acres of glebe. A national school for Ashingdon and .South Fambridge was established in 1832. ASHINGTON, with Sheepwash, a township, in the parish of Bothal, union of Morpeth, E. division of Morpeth ward, N. division of Northumberland, 4| miles (E. by N.) from Morpeth ; containing 76 inhabit- ants. The persons who are first named in the records as connected with the property here, are the Morwicks, Lumleys, and Fitzhnghs ; the family of Essendon (the modern Ashington) are mentioned as lords of the manor at the close of the 13th century; and the most important landowners since that period have been the families of Co ventre and Fenwick, from whom the place has descended to the Duke of Portland. The township comprises 583 acres of land, of which 444 are tillage, 112 grass, and 27 wood; the grounds are very beautiful 87 in some places by the side of the river Wansbeck, which is navigable for keels and small boats as far as Sheep- wash, where it is crossed by a bridge. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £109. 6. ASHINGTON (St, Vincent)^ a parish, in the union of Yeovil, hundred of Stone, W. division of Somer- set, 3 miles (E. S. E.) from Tlchester; comprising by computation 560 acres, and containing 71 inhabitants. The parish is finely wooded and fertile, the land rising gently from the river Yeo, which bounds it on the east and north ; and looking over a rich and extensive vale, the view is terminated at unequal distances by a bold and beautiful range of hills from the south-east to the north-west. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 3. 4., and in the patronage of the Rev. John Williams : the tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £125, and there are 32 acres of glebe, with a house. The church is a small neat structure, having a turret with two bells ; at the eastern end, on the outside, is a small niche, wherein are three human figures, which admit a conjecture that they. refer to the history of St. Vincent, who was burnt alive at Yalentia, in Spain, in the year 304. ASHINGTON cum Btjncton (St, Peter and St, Paul), a parish, in the union of Thakeham, hundred of West Grinstead, rape of Bramber, W. division of Sussex, 5 miles (N. W.) from Steyning, on the road from London to Worthing ; containing 282 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 5. ; net income, £189 j patron, Duke of Norfolk. The church is in the later English style, and has some fragments of stained-glass in its windows. At Buncton is a chapel of ease, with remains of Norman arches on the outside of the chancel, ASHLEY cum SiLVERLEY (St. Mary) , a parish, in the union of Newmarket, hundred of Cheveley, county of Cambridge, 3;^ miles (E. by S.) from New- market ; containing 417 inhabitants. These parishes, which are consolidated into one, comprise 2143a. 3r. 25p. At Silverley are only a farm-house and two cottages, with the tower of the ruined church ; and at Ashley are the ruins of an old church situated in the burial- ground. The living is a rectoVy, with the vicarage of Sil- verley annexed, valued in the king’s books at £8 ; patron. Marquess of Bute ; net income, £150, arising out of 272 acres of land allotted in lieu of tithes on the inclosure. The church is a small plain edifice. ASHLEY, a township, in the parish of Bowdon, union of Altrincham, hundred of Bucklow, N. divi- sion of Cheshire, 5 miles (N. N. E.) from Nether Knutsford ; containing 377 inhabitants. Ashley Hall, the ancient manorial mansion, which is approached by a fine avenue of stately walnut trees, is remarkable for containing eleven original portraits of gentlemen of this county, ancestors of the Grosvenors, Cholmondeleys, and other families, who formed a club during the pro- gress of the Pretender through the north, in 1715, when the expediency of joining his standard was de- bated, and the casting vote against the measure was given by Thomas Asheton, the owner of the mansion. The tithes have been commuted for rent-charges, amounting to £205, of which £197 are payable to the Bishop of Chester, and £8 to the vicar of the parish. ASHLEY (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Market-Harborough, hundred of Corby, N. division A S H L A SHO of the county of Northampton, 5 miles (W. by S.) from Rockingham ; containing 323 inhabitants. On the north the parish is bounded by the river Welland^ which separates it from Leicestershire 3 and it consists of 1182a. 2r. 20p., of a rich and fertile soil. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £17 5 net income, £320 j patron and incumbent. Rev. Richard Farrer. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, under an inclosure act, in 1 8O6. The produce of an estate, amounting to £14 per annum, is applied towards repairing the church and highways, and the relief of the poor. ASHLEY (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Stockbridge, hundred of King’s Sombourn, Win- chester and N. divisions of the county of Southamp- ton, 3| miles (S. S. E.) from Stockbridge 5 containing 102 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 1857 acres, of which 1270 are arable, 400 wood, and 187 pasture, waste, . &c. 3 the soil rests chiefly on chalk. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 16. 3. 5 patron and incumbent. Rev. R. C. Taunton, who supports a school. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £350, and the glebe comprises about 40 acres. The church is an ancient and curious, but small structure, in the early English style. There are vestiges of several Roman camps, and a circular intrenchment of considerable dimensions, supposed to be British, or Danish. ASHLEY, atything, in the parish of Milton, union of Lymington, hundred of Christchurch, Lyming- ton and S. divisions of Hants 3 containing 552 inhabit- ants. ASHLEY (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Market-Drayton, N. division of the hundred of PiREHiLL and of the county of Stafford, 6 miles (N. N. E.) from Market-Drayton 3 containing 853 in- habitants. It comprises 2800a. 3r. 32p. of fertile land. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 2. 8|., and in the patronage of Thomas Kinnersley and H. C. Meynell, Esqs. : the tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £370, and the glebe com- prises 40 acres. The church is a handsome structure in the early English style, and contains splendid monu- ments and effigies of the six Lords Gerard, the last of whom died, in 1807 j and also an elegant monument by Chantrey to Thomas Kinnersley, Esq., father of the present patron. There are places of worship for Wes- ley ans and Roman Catholics. A national school is supported by subscription, and there is a school in connexion with the Roman Catholic chapel. ASHLEY, (St. James), a parish, in the union of Tetbury, hundred of Malmesbury, Malmesbury and Kings wood, and N. divisions of Wilts, 5 miles (N. by W.) from Malmesbury 3 containing 96 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 16. 5^., and in the patronage of the Crown, in right of the duchy of Lancaster : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £210, and there are 34 acres of glebe. A school is chiefly sup- ported by Mr. Bucknall Estcourt and the rector. ASHLEY GREEN, a hamlet, in the parish of Chesham, union of Amersham, hundred of Burnham, county of Buckingham 3 containing 536 inhabitants. ASHLEY-HAY, a township, in the union of Bel- ter, parish of Wirksworth, hundred of Appletree, 88 S. division of the county of Derby, if mile (S.) from Wirksworth 3 containing 272 inhabitants. ASHLEY LODGE, an extra-parochial liberty, with those of GodshillWood and New Grounds, in the union and hundred of Fordingbridge, Ringwood and S. divisions of Hants, 3| miles (E.) from Fordingbridge, on the borders, and partly within the limits, of the New Forest 3 containing 265 inhabitants. ASHLEY, NORTH, a tything, in the parish, union, and hundred of RingwooTd, Ringwood and S. divisions of Hants 3 containing 237 inhabitants. ASHLING, EAST, a tything, in the parish of Funtington, union of Westbourne, hundred of Bosham, rape of Chichester, W. division of Sussex 3 containing 310 inhabitants. ASHLING, WEST, a tything, in the parish of Funtington, union of Westbourne, hundred of Bosham, rape of Chichester, W. division of Sussex 3 containing 455 inhabitants. ASHMANHAUGH (St^Swithin), a parish, in the union of Tunstead and Happing, hundred of Tun- stead, E. division* of Norfolk, 2 miles (E. byN.) from Coltishall 3 containing 180 inhabitants. It comprises 665a. 2r. 23p., of which 571 acres are arable, 29 pasture and meadow, and 37 woodland. The living is a per- petual curacy, in the patronage of Lady Preston 3 net income, £42 3 appropriator. Bishop of Norwich, whose tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £145, and who has a glebe of 5^ acres. The church, which is chiefly in the early style, was thoroughly repaired and new-pewed, and the tower rebuilt, in 1840. The Misses Preston support a school. ASHMAN SWORTH (St. James), a parish, in the union of Kingsclere, hundred of Evingar, Kingsclere and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 7 miles (S. S. W.) from Newbury 3 comprising 1798 acres by measurement, and containing 220 inhabitants. The soil is strong clay, mixed with flint stones, and rests on chalk, the district being a portion of the high range of chalk hills which form the northern boundary of the South Downs. The living is annexed to the rectory of East Woodhay : the tithes have been commuted for £371. 3. 4., and the glebe comprises 26 acres. A national school is supported by subscription. ASHMORE (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Shaftesbury, hundred of Cranborne, Shasston division of Dorset, 5 miles (S. E.) from Shaftesbury 3 containing 242 inhabitants. It comprises 2342 acres, of which the soil is heavy and flinty, and the ground elevated, rising 720 feet above the level of the sea. The living, which formerly belonged to the abbey of Tewkes- bury, is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 7 . 19 . 9^. net income, £389 3 patron. Rev. C. Chis- holme. The glebe consists of about 30 acres. The church, erected in 1433, is a plain edifice of stone and flint. ASHOLT, county of Somerset. — See Aisholt. ASHORN, a township, in the parish of Newbold- Pacey, union of Stratford-on-Avon, Warwick divi- sion of the hundred of Kington, S. division of the county of Warwick, 6^ miles (N. N. W.) from King- ton 3 containing 274 inhabitants. ASHOVER (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Chesterfield, partly in the hundred of Wirksworth, but chiefly in that of Scarsdale, N. division of the A S H P A SHT county of Derby, 7 miles (S. S. W.) from Chesterfield ; containing, with the chapelry of Dethwick-Lea, and the hamlet of Holloway, 348^ inhabitants. This place, for- merly a market-town, occupies a pleasant site near the rivers Amber and Milntown, and within three miles of the North-Midland railway, and, according to Domes- day-book, had a church at the time of the Conquest. The parish comprises 9700a. 37p.,o^ which 6^ acres are waste 3 the soil is various, and the lands are in good cultivation. Coal, iron-stone, mill-stone, grit- stone, and lead-ore are found 5 and the Gregory lead- mine, 300 yards deep, is said to have once been the richest in the kingdom, though its present produce is inconsiderable. The manufacture of stockings is carried bn to a small extent, and the working of tambour lace affords employment to the greater part of the female population. Fairs for cattle and sheep are held on the 25th of April and the 15th of Oct. Ashover is in the honour of Tutbury, duchy of Lancaster, and within the jurisdiction of a court held at Tutbury every third Tues- day, for the recovery of debts under 40^. : constables and other officers are appointed at the court leet of the lord of the manor. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £24. 3. l \. net income, £4813 patron, the Rev. Joseph Nodder. The tithes were com- muted for land, under an inclosure act, in 177b, and the glebe comprises 150 acres. The church is a spacious edifice, built in 1419^ with a very handsome spire, and contains a Norman font of curious design, and several monuments to the family of Babington. There are places of worship for Primitive and Wesleyan Method- ists 3 and a school is endowed with £23 per annum. ASHOW {St. Mary), a parish, in the Kenilworth division of the hundred of Knightlow, union, and S. division of the county of Warwick, 2j miles (S. E. by E.) from Kenilworth 3 containing 172 inhabitants. The parish contains by measurement 1000 acres, of which about 800 are arable and pasture, and 200 wood- land 3 the soil is chiefly red sand and clay. It is inter- sected by the river Avon. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6, 2. 1., and in the patronage of Lord Leigh : the tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £216. 17 v the glebe consists of about 12 acres. ASHPERTON {St. Bartholomew), a parish, in the union of Ledbury, hundred of Radlow, county of Hereford, 5:| miles (N. W. by W.) from Ledbury 5 containing 604 inhabitants. It comprises by measure- ment 1741 acres, and is intersected by the road from Leominster to Ledbury, and the new canal from Led- bury to Hereford. The living is annexed to the vicarage of Stretton-Grandsome : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £350. 15. 3 and there is a quarter of an acre of glebe, on which a school-house for boys has been built by the present vicar. The parliamentary army was stationed at a place in the parish, still called Cromwell’s Walls. ASHPRINGTON {St. David), a parish, in the union of Totnes, hundred of Coleridge, Stanborough and Coleridge, and S. divisions of Devon, 3 miles (S. E.) from Totnes 3 containing 588 inhabitants. This parish, which comprises about 2380 acres, is intersected by the old road to Dartmouth, and washed by the Hare- burne and the Dart, which latter river brings up colliers and coasters : ochre and iron are frequently met with 3 VoL. I. — 89 and slate, dunstone, and limestone abound. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £29. 1. 8. 3 net income, £520 3 patron. Rev. G. T. Carwithen. The glebe consists of 25 acres. ASHREIGNEY, or Ring’s Ash {St. James), a parish, in the union of Torrington, hundred of North Tawton, South Molton and N. divisions of Devon, 4 miles (W. byS.) from Chulmleigh 3 containing 1088 in- habitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £24, and in the patronage of the Rev. J. T. Johnson : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £450, and there are 70 acres of glebe. A national school is endowed with £10 per annum. ASHSTED, a hamlet, in the parish and union of Aston, Birmingham division of the hundred of Hem- lingford, N. division of the county of Warwick. This place, which adjoins the town of Birmingham on the north-east, consists of several good streets of well-built houses, and some pleasant detached cottages and villas. At the extremity of Great Brooke- street are the Vaux- hall gardens, where concerts and displays of fireworks take place during the summer 3 and in the same street are the barracks, erected soon after the Birmingham riots in 179 L ^ handsome range of building, with a rid- ing-school, hospital, and magazine, also a spacious area for the exercise of cavalry, and a smaller for parade. From its proximity to Birmingham, the hamlet partici- pates in the trade and manufactures of that town 3 there are also a large glass-house, flour-mills, and various other works, with several wharfs on the line of the Bir- mingham canal. Adjoining the barracks is a proprietary episcopal chapel, dedicated to St.. James, formerly the dwelling-house of Dr. Ash, from wffiom the hamlet takes its name. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £2103 patrons, the Bishop of Lichfield and others, as trustees. Here is a national school, towards the erection of which the Society granted £200. ASHTEAD {St. Giles), a parish, in the union of Epsom,/ Second division of the hundred of Copthorne, W. division of Surrey, 2 miles (S. W. by S.) from Epsom 3 containing 6I8 inhabitants. It comprises 25 16a. 25p., and is pleasantly situated on the road from London, by Dorking, to Bognor and Worthing. A small fair is held on the 4th of May. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 15. 5., and in the patronage of the Hon. Fulk Greville Howard and Hon. Mrs. Howard : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £549. 12. 6., and there are 12^ acres of glebe. The church is a very neat building, beautifully situated in Ashtead Park. A charity school is endowed with £10 per annum, and a school on the national plan is chiefly supported by the Hon. Col. and Mrs. Howard. An hospital for six poor widows was founded by Lady Diana Fielding, and endow^ed with property producing £32. 7. per annum. Here is a mineral spring, the water of which is similar to that of the Epsom wells. A Roman encampment may be traced round what is now the churchyard and part of Ashtead Park 3 and the great Roman road by Noviomagus (now Woodcote Park) passes along the south side of the parish, and is called the Stane-street causeway.” Sir Robert Howard, the poet, resided here in the time of Charles II., by whom, it is said, he was often visited. ASHTON, a township, in the parish of Tarvin, union of Great Boughton, Second division of the N A S H T ASHT hundred of Eddisbury, S. division of the county of Chester, 7^ miles (E. N. E.) from Chester j containing 401 inhabitants. The tithes have been commuted for rent-charges amounting to £190. 10., of which £109 are payable to the Dean and Chapter of Lichfield, and £81. 10. to the vicar of the parish. ASHTON {St. John the Baptist)^ a parish, in the union of St. Thomas, hundred of Exminster, Teign- bridge and S. divisions of Devon, 4 miles (N. by W.) from Chudleigh ; containing 319 inhabitants. It com- prises 1726 a. 3r. 5/)., of which about 200 acres are furze and fir plantations. The sudden inundations of the river Teign, which bounds the parish on the east, fre- quently occasion much damage. Several mines of man- ganese are worked by contractors from Cornwall, who pay to the lord of the manor a duty on the tonnage, and large quantities of the mineral are supplied to the Manchester and other manufacturers, for bleaching their goods. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 10. 2|. ; patron and incumbent. Rev. George Ware, whose tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £256, and who has a glebe of 50 acres. The church contains a very finely-carved wooden screen and rood-loft. ASHTON, with Eye-Moreton, a township, in the parish of Eye, union of Leominster, hundred of Wol- PHY, county of Hereford, 3f miles (N. N. E.) from Leominster ; containing 294 inhabitants. ASHTON, with Lea, Cottam, and Ingol, a town- ship, in the parish and union of Preston, hundred of Amounderness, N. division of the county of Lancas- ter, 2 miles (W. by N.) from Preston 3 containing 7 10 inhabitants. ASHTON, with Stodday, a township, in the parish and union of Lancaster, hundred of Lonsdale, south of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster, miles (S. S. E.) from Lancaster} containing 185 in- habitants. Ashton Hall, the property of the Duke of Hamilton, is a quadrangular edifice, with a projecting wing to the east, and a square tower with angular tur- rets on the west ; it was probably erected in the four- teenth century, but the numerous alterations and addi- tions which it has undergone, have left little of the ancient baronial mansion : the surrounding scenery is highly beautiful. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £22. 2. 1. A free school has an income of nearly £50 per annum. ASHTON {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Potterspury, hundred of Cleley, S, division of the county of Northampton, 7 miles (S. by E.) from Northampton 3 containing 417 inhabitants. This parish, which is bounded on the south by the river Tow, com- prises by measurement 1100 acres of highly fertile land, and is situated near the Grand Junction canal, and in- tersected by the London and Birmingham railway. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 10 , and in the patronage of the Crown 3 net income, £275> arising from 235 acres of land, allotted in lieu of tithes on the inclosure of the parish. The church is a very ancient structure. There is a place of worship for Baptists. ASHTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Ufford, union of Stamford, soke of Peterborough, N. division of the county of Northampton, 4| miles (S; E.) from Stamford 3 containing 101 inhabitants. The tithes were 90 commuted for corn-rents, under an inclosure act, in 1796. ASHTON, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Oundle, hundred of Polebrook, N. division of the county of Northampton, l| mile (E. by N.) from Oundle 3 containing 172 inhabitants, and comprising 1308a. 3 r. 20 p. It is situated on the right bank of the river Nene, and is intersected by the road from Oundle to Peterborough. A school was erected in 1708 , by Elizabeth Creed, under the will of her daughter Jemima, who endowed it with land producing £44 per annum, and it has also a fund of £200 in the three per cent^ consols. ASHTON, BLANK. — See Aston Blank. ASHTON, a tything, in the parish and hundred of Bishop’ s-Waltham, union of Droxfoed, Droxford and N. divisions of the county of Southampton 3 con- taining 310 inhabitants. ASHTON, COLD {Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Chipping, hundred of Pugkle-Church, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 5| miles (N.) from Bath 3 containing 414 inhabitants. In the memo- rable battle of Lansdown, the parliamentarians, who had marched from Bath to attack the royalist forces in- trenched on Furze hill, were, after a severe conflict, defeated and driven up the valley of Ashton lodge, where in the hour of victory, the gallant Sir Beville Granville; who commanded the royalists, received a mortal wound, of which he expired in the rectory-house of this place. The parish is situated on the road from Bath to Glou- cester, and contains by measurement 2400 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £17* 1 . 8.3 net income, £492 3 patron. Rev. Edward Batchellor. The glebe consists of 88 acres. The church was erected in 1406 , by Thomas Key, Esq., to perpetuate the me- mory of the founder, and keys of a durable material are carved over every window and door, and on many parts of the interior of the building. A school is partly sup- ported by subscription. The venerable Bishop Latimer Was incumbent of the parish prior to his advancement to the episcopal dignity, and in the church is an ancient stone pulpit, in which he preached; The descendants of the celebrated Sir Richard Whittington, lord mayor of London in the years 1397^ 1406, and 1419, reside here, in an old mansion bearing date 1664. ASHTON-GIFFORD, a township, in the parish of Codford-St. Peter, union of Warminster, hundred of Heytesbury, Warminster and S. divisions of Wilts, 3 miles (S. E. by E.) from Heytesbury 3 containing 141 inhabitants. ASHTON-IN-MACKERFIELD, a chapelry, in the parish of Winwick, union of Wigan, hundred' of West Derby, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 7 miles (N. N. W.) from Warrington 3 containing 6706 inhabit- ants. This chapelry comprises the townships of Ashton and Haydock, the former of which contains 5557 a. 2 r. 5p., with a population of 5410, and the latter 3105a. 39/>*, with a population of 1296 : one of the great lines of road from London to Edinburgh runs^ through the vil- lage, and other facilities for communication are furnished by the Sankey canal, the Leeds and; Liverpool canal, and the Liverpool and Manchester railroad. The place has been long famous for the manufacture of locks and hinges, and employment is also afforded to the inhabit- ants in several cotton and other manufactories, and in A S H T A S H T the working of .extensive and valuable coal-mines. A fair is held on the 21st and 22nd of Sept. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the rector of Winwick, with a net income of £181, partly arising from 24 acres of glebe : the tithes have been commuted far a rent- charge of £600. The chapel, dedicated to St. Thomas, was rebuilt in 171b, enlarged in 1784, and again in 1815 ; and an additional chapel, dedicated to the .Holy Trinity, has been lately erected at Downall .Green, >to which a district was assigned in 1838. There are places of worship for Roman Catholics, Unitarians, .Quakers, Independents, and Wesley ans. The Sexeley Gr^en free grammar school was founded, in 1588, by Robert Byrchall, and is endowed with £50 a year. Many curious fossils are found in the coal-mines. ASHTON-REYNES {Holy Cross), a parish, in the union of Cricklabe and Wootton^B asset, hundred of Highworth, Cricklade, and Staple, Cricklade and N. divisions of Wilts, 4^ miles (W.) from Crick- lade ; containing, with the chapelry of Leigh, 1332 in- habitants. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s hooks at £l6 ; net income, £325 j patron and impro- priator, J. Pitt, Esq. There is a chapel of ease at Leigh j and a Lancasterian school, commenced in .1823, is partly supported by contributions. ASHTON, LONG {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Bedminster, hundred of Hartcliffe with BEDMmsTER, E. division of Somerset, 3 miles (S. W. by W.) from Bristol ^ containing, with the hamlets of Kingcot, Providence, Yanleigh, Bower- Ashton, and Rounham, 1926 inhabitants. It comprises by computa- tion 4112 acres, of which 1 132 are arable, 2328 pasture, and 428 woodland, waste, &c. The living is a discharged .vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10. 17- H- j net income, £117 j patrons and impropriators. Sir J. Smyth, Bart, and W. G. Langton, Esq. There were formerly a chapel and a hermitage at Rownan Ferry, in the parish. In l66l, Francis Derrick gave a piece of land producing about £8 per annum 3 in 1760, Anne Smyth left a rent-charge of £10; and, in 1822, John Stanton gave £100; which funds are applied towards the support of a school, further maintained by subscrip- tion. On the eastern point of Ashton hill are two in- trenchments, called Burwalls and Stokeleigh, now over- grown with wood, which appear to have been Roman camps ; and recently, in forming the line of the Bristol and Exeter railway, the foundation of the wall of an ancient village, about a quarter of a mile in extent, was discovered, with numerous coins of Constantine and Severus, and domestic utensils. ASHTON, STEEPLE, cum Semington {St. Mary), a parish, partly in the union of Westbury and Wbor- WELSDOWN, and partly in that of Melksham, hundred of Whorwelsdown, Whorwelsdown and N. divisions of Wilts; containing, with the chapelry of Semington and the ty things of West Ashton, Hinton, and Littleton, 1941 inhabitants, of whom 848 are in the village of Steeple Ashton, 4 miles (B. by S.) from Trowbridge. This place derived the adjunct hy which it is distin- guished from other localities of the same name, from the lofty spire of its church, which was first injured, and then struck down by lightning in I67O. It was formerly of some Importance, and had the grant of a market in the reign of Edward III., which was confirmed in that of l^ichard II., with the addi tion of an annual fair. In the 91 time of Henry VIII. Leland states that the clothing trade was carried on here to a very considerable extent, but it has ceased to exist ; the market also has been for many years discontinued, but the fair, though now very inconsiderable, is still held on the 18th of Sept. Steeple Ashton contains bv estimation 5400 acres, of which 2 120. are. arable, 2660 pasture, and 540 woodland ; and Semington consists of lips^z. Ir. 24p., of which 213 acres are arable, and 923 pasture. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £17. 2. 6. ; net income, £852 ; patron, the Master of Magdalene College, Cambridge, who is restricted in his presentation to one of three senior foundation fellows. The church is a spacious structure, in the later English style, built between the years 1400, and 1500, and has a lofty square embattled tower at the west end, crowned with pinnacles, and a- north and south porch of elegant design. There is a chapel at Semington, which probably was in early times a distinct parish ; it is in the later English style, and was built before the Reformation. John Hicks bequeathed £5 per annum for teaching children, and John Togwell a further sum for the same purpose, which have been laid out in the purchase of £519. 10. 7.> three per cent, consols. ; and a national school was erected in 1836. The parish is remarkable for fossils of the coral- rag formation. ASHT0JSr-UNDER-HILL {St. Barbara), a parish, in the union of Evesham, partly in the Upper division of the hundred of Tewkesbury, but chiefly in the hun- dred of Tibald, STONE, E. division of the county of Glou- cester, 8 miles (E. N. E.) from Tewkesbury ; contain- ing 342 inhabitants, and comprising about 1300 acres. The living is annexed to the vicarage of Beckford, and the impropriation belongs to W. Wakeman and J. Blackburne, Esqs. : the tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, under an inclosure act, in 1773. ASHTON-UNDER-LINE {St. Miohael), a parish, market-town, parliamentary borough, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 60 miles (Sf E.) from Lancaster, 7 (E.) from Manchester, and 187 (N. W.) from London, on the road to Sheffield ; comprising the townships or dis- tricts of Ashton town, Audenshaw, Hartshead with Staly- bridge, and Knott Lanes ; and containing 46,304 inha- bitants, of whom 22,678 are in Ashton town. This place, in ancient records styled Ashtown sub Lima, derives its name froriL the tree so called, and the adjunct by which it is distinguished from other places of the same name in the county, from its situation below the Lyme of Cheshire. Its original proprietors, the Asshetons, a family distin- guished in the early periods of Englishhi story, exercised the power of life and death ; and a field near the old hall, called Gallows’ Meadow, was the place of execu- tion. In the reign of Henry VI. a descendant of that family, still inheriting extraordinary privileges, clad in black armour and mounted on a charger, with a nume- rous retinue, levied a penalty on his tenants, for neg- lecting to clear their lands from a pernicious weed, then called Car gulds, on the discovery of which among his corn every farmer was liable to forfeit a wether sheep. In commemoration of this, the ceremony of ‘^riding the black lad” still takes place on Easter- Monday, when the effigy of a man in black armour is placed on horae^ back, and led in procession through the town ; it is then dismounted and hung up at The cross in the old market-? N2 A SHT A S H U place, and, after having been shot at, is immersed in a stagnant pool by the populace, who return through the principal streets, throwing it at those they meet. The TOWN is situated on an eminence rising from the northern bank of the river Tame 5 the old streets are narrow and irregular, but those recently formed are spacious, and contain substantial and handsome houses. It is well paved, and lighted with gas, and is rapidly improving under the management of local commis- sioners : a company has also been formed for supplying the town with water. A neat theatre is occasionally opened, and a concert-room has been built. The prin- cipal branches of manufacture are those of calico, ging- ham, and muslin, and there are numerous mills for spinning the finer kinds of yarn : the manufacture of hats is also carried on extensively in the district. The neighbourhood abounds with excellent coal, which is conveyed to all parts of the kingdom by the Ashton, Huddersfield, and Peak Forest canals, which unite here. The market, which, previously to the establishment of the cotton trade, had fallen into disuse, w^as restored by act of parliament in 1828, under which act a convenient market-place has been erected : it is held on Wednesday and Saturday, and fairs take /place on March 23rd, April 29th, and on the eve, day, and morrow of St. Swithin and St. Martin, chiefly for horses and cattle. The town was formerly incorporated, but is now within the juris- diction of the county magistrates, who sit every Monday and Wednesday, and hold a petty-session, every alter- nate week, for the Middleton division of the hundred. Its internal regulation is entrusted to the superintend- ence of the local commissioners, who have established a police force j and other , constables are appointed at the autumnal court leetof the lord of the manor. This court is held in April and Get. for the recovery of debts under 405. : at the former speriod a mayor is appointed and sworn into office j which custom, having been discon- tinued about 20 year^, was revived on the passing of the Reform act, in order to provide a returning officer. The inhabitants are empowered to return a member to parlia- ment, the right of election being vested exclusively in the £10 householders ; the borough is co-extensive with one of four divisions of the parish, called the Town divi- sion, and contains 1319 acres. A court of requests for the recovery of debts under £5 is held on the Thursday in every third week. The parish comprises about 12,000 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £26. 13. 4. 5 net income, £1407 j patron, Earl of Stamford and War- rington. The parochial church is a spacious structure, in the later English style, with a tower built in the reign of Henry V., but much altered by subsequent repairs : it sustained considerable injury from an accidental fire in 1821. The living of Mossley chapelry is a perpetual curacy in the patronage of the Rector, with a net in- come of £127 : the chapel is a plain building erected in 1755 on land given by Sir Joseph Pickford, and enlarged in 1737. The chapel at Hey is dedicated to St. John : the living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £131 ; patron. Rector of Ashton. St. Peter s, a handsome edi- fice in the same style, with a square embattled tower crowned with pinnacles, was erected in 1821, at the expense of £12,688. 13. 6., defrayed by the Parliamen- tary Commissioners : the living is a perpetual curacy, and has an ecclesiastical district annexed to it ; net in- 92 come, £137 5 patron. Rector of Ashton. A church has also been erected at Stalyhridge, in the parish ; and there are places of worship for Independents and Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists, also a large building for the followers of Johanna Southcote. Several schools in the parish are aided with charitable funds : one, for which a school-house was built by subscription, is endowed with £40 per annum. The poor law union of which this town is the head, comprises 9 parishes or places in the county of Chester, and 4 in the county of Lancaster, and contains a population of 101,206. The Roman road from Manchester to Saddleworth may still be traced in the vicinity : near the old hall are the remains of an ancient prison, and in the old market-place those of a cross. ASHTON-UPON -MERSEY {St. Martin), a parish, in the union of Altrincham, hundred of Bucklow, N. division of the county of Chester, if mile (N.) from Altrincham j comprising the townships of Ashton and Sale, the former containing 1105, and the latter, which is locally situated in the parish of Great Budworth, 1309 inhabitants. A court leet is held by the Earl of Stam- ford and Warrington, who is lord of the manor. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 4. 7- 3 net income, £608 5 patron and incumbent. Rev. C. B. Sowerby. There are places of worship for Calvinists, Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists, and Unitarians 5 and in the township of Sale is a school endowed with land and tenements producing £25. 15. per annum. John Okell, Esq. left £80 j Thomas Ashton, Esq. £40 5 and Mrs. Safe, £23 ^ the proceeds of which are distri- buted among the poor. ASHTON, WEST, a tything, in the parish of Stee- ple- Ashton, union of Westbury and Whorwels- DOWN, hundred of Whorwelsdown, Whorwelsdown and N. divisions of Wilts j containing 307 inhabitants. The tithes have been commuted for rent-charges amount- ing to £413, 15., of which £410 are payable to the vicar of the parish, and £3. 15. to the rector of Trowbridge. A school is supported by Mrs. Long. ASHURST, a parish, in the union of Tonbridge, hundred of Washlingstone, lathe of Aylesford, W. division of Kent, 4f miles (W.) from Tonbridge Wells j containing 224 inhabitants. It is bounded by the river Medway, and intersected by the road from East Grin- stead to Tonbridge Wells, and^contains about 7OO acres. The surface is finely undulated, commanding from the higher grounds some extensive and interesting views, and the soil varies from light sandy to strong clay : there are some quarries of soft sandstone for building. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 4. 7., and in the gift of the Countess of Amhurst, with a net income of £l64 : the glebe consists of 28 acres. The church, an ancient building, was, pre- viously to the Reformation, in high repute for the sanctity of its ancient rood-loft. ASHURST, a parish, in the union of Steyning, hundred of West Grinstead, rape of Bramber, W. division of Sussex, 3 miles (N.) from Steyning 5 contain- ing 427 inhabitants. This parish, which comprises 2236a. Ir. 14p., is bounded on the north and east by the river Adur, which is navigable to Binesbridge j and the road from Horsham to Brighton, through Steyning, runs through it. The living is a rectory not in charge ; net income, £268 ; patrons. President and Fellows of Mag- dalene College, Oxford. The church is in the early A S H W A S H W English style, with later additions, and consists of a nave, chancel, and south aisle, at the west end of which is a low tower surmounted by an obtuse spire. ASHWATER {St, Peter), a parish, in the union of Holsworthy, hundred of Black Torrington, Hols- worthy and N. divisions of Devon, 7 miles (S. E. by S.) from Holsworthy 3 containing 104G^ inhabitants. This parish, which is separated from the adjacent parishes of Bradwood-Widger and Virginstow by the river Cary, forms a square of nearly four miles j the soil is very in- ferior, the substratum clay, and the land generally hilly. Considerable quantities of freestone of excellent quality are obtained in the neighbourhood. Fairs for cattle are held on the first Tuesday in May, and the Monday next after the 1st of August. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £26. 6. 8. ; net income, £437 patron and incumbent. Rev. T. Melhuish. The glebe comprises 70 acres. The church, which is a handsome structure, with a tower sixty feet in height, has been re- pewed and beautified, and contains some interesting monu- ments to the Carey family, and a curious ancient font. ASHWELL {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Royston, hundred of Odsey, county of Hertford, 4| miles (N. N. E.) from Baldock3 containing 1235 inha- bitants. This place derives its name from a well or spring issuing from a rock at the southern extremity of the village, surrounded with ash trees, and forming the source of the small river Rhee. At the time of the Norman survey it was a borough and market- town, having four annual fairs ; it was also a royal demesne, and a small manor within the parish was held by Walter Somoner, in petit serjeantry, by the service of providing spits and roasting meat in the king’s kitchen, on the day of his coronation. The parish contains about 4200 acres 5 the surface is diversified, and the soil chalky. A consfderable trade in malt is carried on, the barley pro- duced in the neighbourhood being of very superior quality. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £22. 3. 6|. 5 patron and appropriator. Bishop of London : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £690. 18. 2., and there is a good glebe-house. The church is a spacious structure, with a tower and spire 175 feet high. A free school, now conducted on the national plan, was founded and endowed under the will of Henry Colborn or Colebron, dated in 1655, who bequeathed £1000 in trust to the Merchant Tailors’ Company, by whom the master is appointed j and there are several charities for distributing bread among the poor, and apprenticing children. On Harborough hill, in the parish, are the remains of a quadrangular en- campment, probably an exploratory station of the Romans. The Rev. Ralph Cud worth, D.D., Master of Christ’s College, Cambridge, and author of the Intel- lectual System,” was vicar of the parish, and died here in 1688. ASHWELL {St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Oakham, hundred of Alstoe, county of Rutland, 3 miles (N. by W.) from Oakham j containing 223 inhabit- ants. It comprises 1800 acres by measurement ; the soil is fertile, and a coarse kind of stone is quarried for inferior buildings, and for the roads. The Melton- Mowbray and Oakham canal passes within a mile of the parish. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 20 . 16 . 3., and in the gift of Viscount Downe : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of 93 £412, and the glebe comprises 130 acres. The church is a neat substantial structure, in the later English style. There are two schools. ASHWELTHORPE {Jll Saints), a parish, in the union and hundred of Depwade, E. division of Nor- folk, 3^ miles (S. E. by S.) from Wymondham ; contain- ing 469 inhabitants. The road from New Buckenham to Norwich runs through the parish. The living is a discharged rectory, with that of Wreningham cum Nay- land annexed, valued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 4. 3 net income, £648 3 patron. Lord Berners. The incum- bent resides in the hall, an ancient residence of the Knyvett family, moated on three sides. The church, which is chiefly in the decorated style, consists of a nave and chancel, with a chapel on the north side, and a square embattled tower 3 in the chancel is an altar- tomb, on which are the effigies of Sir Edward and Lady de Thorpe. A schoolroom was lately erected by the Hon. and Rev. Robert Wilson, the rector. ASHWICK {St. James), a parish, in the union of Shepton-Mallet, hundred of Kilmersdon, E. divi- sion of Somerset, 3f miles (N. by E.) from Shepton- Mallet 3 comprising 1527^^. 2r. 34p., and containing 945 inhabitants. There are many quarries, supplying a material for building and for making lime. At the vil- lage of Oakhill, which stands partly in this parish, and partly in those of Stoke Lane and Shepton-Mallet, are some good residences, and a public brewery 3 and the road from Bath to Exeter, and another from Bristol to Weymouth, run through the parish. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £113 3 patron. Vicar of Kilmersdon 3 impropriator, J. Twyford Jolliffe, Esq. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £28. 10., and those of the incumbent for £59. 15. 3 the glebe consists of 2^ acres. The curacy was sepa- rated from the vicarage of Kilmersdon in 1826, at which time also the church was rebuilt, with the exception of the tower 3 it is a neat structure, accommodating about 550 persons. There are places of worship for Inde- pendents, Unitarians, and Methodists. On the south- western side of the parish, near the Fosse way, is a Roman camp, with a double intrenchment, called Mas- bury Castle. ASHWICKEN {All Saints), a parish, in the union and hundred of Freebridge-Lynn. W. division of Norfolk, 5 miles (E. by S.) from Lynn- Regis 3 contain- ing 78 inhabitants. It comprises 1178a. 2r., of which 638 acres are arable, 378 pasture and meadow, 150 heath, and 12 woodland 3 the surface is a good deal un- dulated. The living is a rectory, with that of Leziate annexed, valued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 4. 3 pa- tron and incumbent. Rev. John Freeman. The tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £238, and the glebe comprises 10 acres. The church is chiefly in the later English style, with a square tower. ASHWORTH, a chapelry, in the parish of Middle- ton, union of Bury, hundred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 3^ miles (W.) from Roch- dale 3 containing 325 inhabitants. It comprises by estimation 1022 acres 3 the soil is fertile, and the sub- stratum abounds with coal, of which a mine is in opera- tion. Stone of good quality for building is also pro- cured in abundance, and there is a fulling-mill in the township. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £1195 patron, W. Egerton, Esq. The rectorial tithes A S K E A S K H have been commuted for a rent-charge of £15, and the glebe comprises 62 acres. The chapel, dedicated to St, James, was rebuilt on a larger scale in 1789 j and in 1837^ the chancel, which was part of the original building, was taken down, and the east end of the church was considerably enlarged, A school is partly supported by Mr. Egerton. ASKE, a township, in the parish of Ease y, union of Richmond, wapentake of Gilling-West, N. riding of the county of York, if mile (N.) from Richmond j containing 92 inhabitants. The township comprises 1610 acres of well-cultivated land 5 the soil is good and productive, and the scenery embraces fine and varied prospects of the surrounding country. Aske Hall, one of the seats of the Earl of Zetland, is a spacious and elegant castellated mansion, situated on rising ground in a large and beautiful park, and embosomed in noble woods of fine old timber, and pleasure-grounds of varied surface, tastefully and thickly planted : many of the views enjoyed from the residence are very extensive and of striking beauty. The noble earl’s inferior title is Baron Dundas, of the manor of Aske, conferred in 1794. ASKERNE, a township, in the parish of Campsall, union of Doncaster, Upper division of the wapen- take of OsGOLDCKOSs, W. riding of YoRK, 7i miles (N.) from Doncaster 5 containing 468 inhabitants. Askerne, during the present century, has risen from an incon- siderable village, into an elegant and fashionable water- ing-place : it is pleasantly situated near the road, on a rocky acclivity, rising gently from the foot of an exten- sive plain 5 and its houses, hotels, and bathing establish- ments, surrounded by gardens, orchards, and plantations, all agreeably harmonising together, give it an interesting and commanding appearance. Here is a sheet of water, called Askerne pool, covering seven acres, a few yards from which rises a sulphureous spring, highly celebrated for more than a century as a powerful remedy in scrofu- lous, rheumatic, and gouty complaints : it is also reputed for its virtue in dyspepsia, palsy, and pulmonary con- sumption. Boarding-houses, and inns of the first de- scription, have been erected for the accommodation of visiters. The tithes were commuted for land in 1814. ASKERS WELL {St, Michael) y a parish, in the union of Bridport, hundred of Eggerton, Bridport division of Dorset, 4 miles (E.) from Bridport 3 con- taining 233 inhabitants. It contains about 1200 acres 3 the soil is chalky, and the surface hilly. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 2. 6. 3 net income, £160 3 patron. Rev. James Cox. The glebe contains 23 acres, with a house. ASKERTON, a township, in the parish of Laner- cosT, union of Brampton, Eskdale ward, E. division of Cumberland, 6J miles (N. N. E.) from Brampton 3 containing 496 inhabitants. The castle, a small build- ing with lofty turrets, situated on a rocky knoll on the southern bank of the rivulet Cambeck, and commanding a most extensive view of the adjacent country, is partly ruinous and used as stables, but much of it has been recently modernised in the interior, and the building is now inhabited by a farmer. It was in ruins in Camden’s time, but was repaired by the Dacres in the l6th cen- tury, and over a mantel-piece in what was once the dining-hall is an inscription, Tho. Carleton, Jun., 1575,” the date of the repair, Askerton comprises the ancient parish of Kirk- Cambeck, the church of which 94 was destroyed by the Scots in the reign of Edward II. 4 and the tithes are held on lease from the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle. The inhabitants attend the ehurch of Lanercost for the performance of ecclesiastical rites. ASKHAM, a parish, in the union of East Reteord, within the liberty of Southwell and Scrooby, locally in the South-Clay division of the wapentake of Basset- law, N, division of the county of Nottingham, 2j miles (N.) from Tuxford 5 containing, with Rockley hamlet, 288 inhabitants. The parish contains about 1440 acres, of which the surface is undulated, and the soil clayey ; the village is skirted on the north by the stream called North Beck, which is subject to inunda- tions after heavy rains. The living is a perpetual curacy, annexed, with that of Stokeham, to the vicarage of East Drayton : two acres of land, and the tithes of hops, form the principal value of the curacy. There are almshouses for six widows. ASKHAM (St. Peter) y a parish, in West ward and union, county of Westmorland, 4f miles (8.) from Penrith 3 containing 635 inhabitants. It comprises 4264 acres, of which 2049 are tithable, 2150 woods and com- mons, and 65 tithe-free 3 the surface is partly undulated and partly hilly, and the soil rests principally on lime- stone and peat. The river Lowther bounds the parish on the east, and the Dale Beck on the south. The living is a discharged vicarage, endowed with a portion of the rectorial tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £6 3 net income, £1565 patron, and impropriator of the remainder of the great tithes, Earl of Lonsdale. The glebe comprises 56 acres. A school was endowed in 1813, with subscriptions amounting to £420, part of which has been vested in the .purchase of land. ASKHAM-BRYAN, or Great (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the Ainsty wapentake, W. riding of York, 4 miles (W. S. W.) from York 3 containing 342 inhabit- ants. This place derives its name partly from Bryan Fitz-Alain, who held it of the honour of Richmond, paying 5s. per annum to the warden of the castle of that town : the families of Mowbray, Stapleton, and Grey have also owned the estates. The parish com- prises by measurement 1808 acres, three-fourths of which are arable and the rest meadow, with some few plantations 3 the surface is flat, and the soil composed chiefly of gravel and clay. Contiguous to the church passes the York and North-Midland railway. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £120 ; patron. Colonel Croft, of Stillington Park. The tithes were commuted for land, by an inclosure act, in 1811. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans ; and a school is endowed with £6 per annum. Several benefactions for the poor amount to about £20 a year. The parish is governed by the provisions of .Gilbert’s act. ASKHAM-RICHARD, or Little (St. Mary), a parish, in the Ainsty wapentake, union and W. riding of York, 3^ miles (N. E.) from Tadcaster 3 containing 232 inhabitants. In the 9th of Edward II. the priory of Burlington held this manor 3 and the patronage of the church was exercised by the nuns of Monkton till the dissolution, when the privilege was granted to the Vavar sour family. The parish comprises by measurement 929 acres, of which about three-fourths are arable, and the remainder meadow or pasture 3 the surface is gene- rally level, and the soil of a gravelly and clayey quality. The road from Leeds to York, and the York and North- A S L A A S P A Sl'idland i?ailway cydss each other near this place, \V'here alfeo is Askhanfi Hall, the seat of Robert Swann, Esq. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s hooks at £4. 13. 4. 5 net income, £200 ; patron, H. Croft, Esq. The tithes were commuted for land in 1813. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans ; and a school is endowed with £4 per annum, left by Lady Hewley. ASKRIGG, a market-town and chapelry, in the parish of Aysgarth, wapentake of Hang-Wrst, N. riding of York, 57 miles (W. N. W.) from York, and 247 (N. W. by N.) from London 3 containing 726 inha- bitants. The town is situated on an eminence rising from the northern bank of the river Ure, and upon the road from Richmond to Lancaster j the lands are almost entirely occupied as pasture, and the surrounding country exhibits some tine waterfalls and picturesque scenery. It was formerly a place of considerable note, but has fallen into decay 3 there is a wool- carding mill, and in the neighbourhood are lead-mines, but they are not very productive. The market is on Thursday 3 fairs are held on May 11th, July 11th and 12th, and Oct. 28th 3 and there is also a fair for general traffic and recreation on the first Thursday in June. By the act of the 2nd and 3rd of William IV. cap, 64, Askrigg was made a polling-place for the North riding. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £100 3 patron. Vicar of Aysgarth. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £84, payable to Trinity College, Cambridge. The chapel is an ancient structure, dedicated to St. Oswald. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. The Yorebridge free grammar school, in the chapelry, was founded for the sons of inhabitants, in 1601, by Anthony Besson, Esq., who endowed it with an inn, named the Black Swan, in York, and a plot of about two acres and a half of ground, called the Intack, producing upwards of £200 per annum, which is paid to the master, who has also a house and garden rent-free. A national school for boys and girls is sup- ported by subscription. Almshouses were founded and endowed with £2000 three per cent, consols, in 1807, by Christopher AldersOn, for six poor widows of the townships of Askrigg and Low Abbotside, each of whom has a stipend of £10 per annum. ASKWITH, or AsauiTH, a township, in the parish of Weston, Upper division of the wapentake of Claro, W. riding of York, 3 miles (N. W.) from Otley 3 con- taining, with Askwith-Moorside and Snowden, 398 in- habitants. It comprises by computation 3180 acres, and includes the hamlets of Upper and Lower Snow- den : the village, which is scattered, is pleasantly situ- ated on the northern acclivities of Wharfdale, and the river Wharfe winds its devious course on the south and west. The tithes were commuted for land, in 1779. There are places of worship for Primitive Methodists and Wesley anSi ASLACKBY (St. Jjmbs), a parish, in the union of Bourne, wapentake of Aveland, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 2 ^ miles (S. S. E.) from Folking- hamq containing, with the hamlets of Graby and MiL thorpe, 507 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from London to Hulb and comprises by measurement 3420 acres 3 the soil is various, and the surface is pleasingly diversified with hill and dale, and richly embellished with wood. The river Forty-foot, which is navigable from Bourne to Boston^ skirts the eastern extremity of 95 the parish. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £12. 10. 7|. ; net income, £453 5 patron and impropriator, R. F. Barstow, Esq. The tithes are- compounded for the above sum, and the glebe com- prises 39 acres. The church is a handsome edifice in the decorated and later English styles, with an embat- tled tower crowned with pinnacles. A parochial school is supported by subscription. Here was a preceptory of Knights Templars, which, on the abolition of their order, became a commandery of the Hospitallers. ASL ACTON (St. Michael), a parish, in the union and hundred of Depwade, E. division of Norfolk, 3| miles (W. by S.) from Long Stratton 3 containing 404 inhabitants, and comprising about 1130 acres. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £58 5 patron and impropriator, John Cooper, Esq,, whose tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £340. The church, which is chiefly in the perpendicular style, consists of a nave, chancel, and. south aisle, with a circular tower. ASLACTON, a towmship, in the parish of Whatton, union of Bingham, N. division of the wapentake of Bingham, S. division of the county of Nottingham, 2f miles (E. by N.) from Bingham 3 containing 424 in- habitants. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, in 178O, This is the birth-place of Cranmer, the Archbishop of Canterbury. ASPALL, a parish, in the union and hundred of Hartismere, W. division of the county of Suffolk, ] mile (N. by W.) from Debenham 3 containing 132 in- habitants. The river Deben rises in this parish, which comprises 834a. 3r. 26p. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £149 j patron, impropriator, and incumbent. Rev. John Chevallier, M.D., whose residence is the ancient moated mansion of Aspall Hall. ASPATRIA (St. Kentigeiw), a market-town and parish, in the union of Wigton, Allerdale ward below Derwent, W. division of Cumberland 3 comprising the townships of Aspatria with Bray ton. Hay ton with Medio, and Gughterside with Allerby 3 and containing 1921 in- habitants, of whom 988 are in the township of Aspatria with Brayton, 9 miles (N. by E.) from Cockermouth. This village, which derives its name from Gospatrick, father of the first lord of Allerdale, extends for a considerable distance along the side of a hill, and has recently as- sumed somewhat the character of a town, by the erec- tion of several good and substantial dwelling-houses, and has a pitched market for corn, which is held on Thursday. The parish, which comprises by measure- ment 7064 acres, and is intersected by the Maryport and Carlisle railway, is bounded on the west by the Solway Frith, and on the south-east and south by the river Ellen, and contains a vein of red freestone at Hay ton, and coal at Gughterside. The living is a vicar- age, valued in the king’s books at £10. 4. 2.3 net in- come, £249 j patron and appropriator. Bishop of Car- lisle. The tithes were partially commuted in 181 7 for land. The church was originally in the Norman style, but there are no remains of its ancient character except two arches. A place of worship for Independents was built in 1827. The parochial school Was established in 1825 by subscription, and in 1837 a new school- room was built by Sir Wilfrid Lawson, Bart, of Brayton- House. In 1790 a barrow was opened in the vicinity, when the skeleton of a man, with the corroded remains of some military weapons, &c., was discovered. A S S E A S TB ASPEDEN {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Buntingford, hundred of Edwinstree, county of H ERTFORD, of a mile (S.) from Buntingford ; con- taining 5*29 inhabitants. It comprises about 1340 acres, of which the soil is clayey ; and the rivulet Rib runs through the district, and falls into the Lea near Hert- ford. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books £15. 5. ^2^.5 net income, £357 5 patron. Lady Mex- borough. The glebe consists of nearly 23 acres. W. and R. Freeman, in I668, and Mrs. Cater, in 1704, gave land for the education of children, now producing £17. 5. per annum ; and R. Freeman assigned an additional plot for clothing them. In 1684, Dr. Seth Ward, Bishop of Sarum, founded an almshouse for two men and two women, and endowed it with £41. 12. a year. ASPLEY, a township, in the parish of Eccleshall, union of Stone, N. division of the hundred of Pi re- hill and of the county of Stafford j containing 34 inhabitants. The tithes have been commuted for rent- charges amounting to £87. IL 4,, of which £86. 18. 6. are payable to the Dean and Chapter of Lichfield, and 12^. 10(i. to the vicar of the parish. ASPLEY, with Fordhall, a hamlet, in the parish of Wootton-Wawen, union of Stratford-on-Avon, Henley division of the hundred of Barlichway, S. divi- sion of the county of Warwick 3 containing 126 in- habitants. ASPLEY-GUISE {St. Botolph), a parish, in the union of Woburn, hundred of Manshead, county of Bedford, 9.^ miles (N. by W.) from Woburn 3 contain- ing 1139 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 2033 acres, of which 1953 are arable, and the remainder woodland, plantations, and heath 3 the prevailing tim- ber is elm, and the plantations chiefly fir. The inhabit- ants obtained in 1267 the grant of a market, to be held on Friday, and a fair on June 17th 3 but both have been long discontinued. The living is a rectory, with which the vicarage of Husborn-Crawley was consolidated in 1796, valued in the king’s books at £15. 16. 10§. 5 net in- come for Aspley-Guise, £215, and for Husborn-Crawley, £46 3 patron, Duke of Bedford. The tithes were com- muted for 85 acres of land, and an annual payment of £60, in 1760. The church contains several ancient and interesting monuments, among which are an altar-tomb with the effigy of Sir Edward Sadlier, in chain armour, and another with an effigy in brass of one of the family of Guise. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. ASPULL, a township, in the parish and union of Wigan, hundred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 3 miles (N. E. by E.) from Wigan 3 con- taining 277^ inhabitants. It abounds wdth Cannel coal, and comprises by computation I709 acres, of which 1145 are pasture, 377 arable, and 40 woodland. A church has been erected by the Parliamentary Com- missioners 3 and there is a school with an endowment of £11 per annum. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £214. 3. ASSELBY, a township, in the parish and union of Howden, wapentake of Howdenshire, E. riding of York, 2 miles (W. by S.) from Howden 3 containing 293 inhabitants. This place, in Domesday book Aschi- lebi, was held at the Conquest chiefly by the Bishop of Durham and Earl Morton, and the Aislabys had pro- perty here, and are supposed to have taken their name from that of the township. It comprises by comupta- 96 tion 1200 acres 3 the land is very rich and prolific, and the gardens supply large quantities of fruit for the mar- kets in the West riding. Asselby Island, containing about 10 acres, is seated in the river Ouse, which flows at a short distance on the south of the village ; and belongs to the parish of Drax. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. ASSENDON, a hamlet, in the parish and hundred of PiRTON, county of Oxford, 4 miles (N. N. W.) from Henley-upon-Thames. Here is an almshouse, endowed with £5 per annum. ASSERBY, a hamlet, in the parish of Btlsby, union of Spilsby, Wold division of the hundred of Calce- woRTH, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln 3 con- taining 54 inhabitants. ASSINGDON, county of Essex. — See Ashingdon. ASSINGTON {St. Edmund), a parish, in the union of Sudbury, hundred of Babergh, W. division of Suf- folk, 5 miles (E. S. E.) from Sudbury 3 containing 778 inhabitants. Assington Hall was purchased by Robert Gurdon, in the reign of Henry VIII. from Sir Piers Corbet, and the hall has ever since been the residence of that family. A double stratum of cement stone has been found in the parish, and is now regularly manu- factured. The living is a discharged vicarage, endowed with part of the rectorial tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £103 patron and impropriator of the remain- der of the great tithes, John Gurdon, Esq., whose tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £361. 15. 3., and the vicarial tithes for £444. 7- 10. The glebe com- prises about 14 acres. A national school is supported by subscription. ASTBURY {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Congleton, consisting of the township of Somerford- Booths, in the hundred of Macclesfield, and the market-town of Congleton, and the townships of Ast- bury-Newbold, Buglawton, Davenport, Hulme-Wal- field, Moreton with Alcumlow, Odd Rode, Radnor, Smallwood, and Somerford, in the hundred of North- wiCH, county of Chester 3 and containing 14,355 in- habitants, of whom 641 are in the township of Astbury- Newbold. This parish, which comprises by computa- tion 20,000 acres, contains a bed of limestone, from twenty-five to thirty yards in thickness, of which con- siderable quantities are procured and burnt 3 it is based on a species of gritstone, which is considered an excel- lent stone for building. A railway extends through the parish from Mole Cop to a coal wharf near Congleton 3 and the Macclesfield canal passes at a short distance to the east of the village. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £68, and in the patronage of the Trustees of Lord Crewe 3 net income, £1485. The church is a spacious and beautiful structure, in the later English style 5 the interior contains several stalls, a rood-loft, and some fine screen-work 3 the roofs, which are of oak, are richly carved 3 the east window is highly enriched, and there are some fine specimens of stained glass. The tower, which stands at the north-west angle of the church, and is surmounted by an elegant spire, appears to have belonged to a former edifice. In the township of Qdd Rode, and n^^r the hamlet of Scholar Green, is the episcopal chape)/bf the Holy Trinity, built forty years ago by Mr. Dobbs, of Ramsdel Hall, and lately purchased by Randle Wilbraham, Esq., of Rode Hall. The church of St. John, in Buglawton, was built. A S T L A S T L in 1839-40, by private subscription and grants from the Chester Diocesan Society, and is in the Norman style 3 and there is also a domestic chapel belonging to Sir Charles Shakerly, in Somerford Park. The sum of £50 per annum, the bequest of John Halford, in 1714, is partly distributed among the poor, and partly applied in apprenticing children. There are some petrifying springs in the parish. ASTBURY, NEWBOLD, a township, in the parish of Astbury, union of Congleton, hundred of North- wiCH, S. division of the county of Chester, 3 miles (S. by E.) from Congleton j containing 641 inhabit- ants. ASTERBY (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Horncastle, N. division of the wapentake of Gar- tree, parts of Ltndsey, county of Lincoln, 7 miles (N.) from Horncastle 5 containing 256 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 0. 10.; net income, £210; patron, T. Southwell, Esq. A national school, for the parishes of Asterby and Goulsby, is endowed with a rent-charge of £10 per annum. ASTHALL (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Witney, hundred of Bampton, county of Oxford, 3 miles (E. by S.) from Burford 5 containing, with the hamlet of A sth all-Leigh, 389 inhabitants. This place was formerly the residence of Sir Richard Jones, one of the judges of the court of common pleas in the reign of Charles I. ; and there are still some remains of the ancient manor-house near the church, which are now converted into a farm-house. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 9. 4|. ; net income, £100; patrons and impropriators, Provost and Fellows of Eton College. The tithes were commuted for a money payment and an allotment of land, in 1812. The church contains some interesting monuments, among which is a recumbent effigy on a stone coffin, under an enriched arched canopy, said to be the tomb of Alice Corbett, mistress of Henry I., and mother of Reginald, Earl of Cornwall. Sir George Fettiplace be- queathed £6 per annum, wdth a house for a school- mistress, for which twelve girls are instructed ; and also left £5 per annum for apprenticing boys. In the parish is a barrow of considerable height, supposed to be a sepulchral monument, and near which the Roman Akeman-street passes. ASTHORPE, a hamlet, in the parish of Willough- by, union of Spilsby, Wold division of the hundred of Calceworth, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln ; containing 16 inhabitants. ASTLEY, a district chapelry, in the parish and union of Leigh, hundred of West Derby, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 3 miles (E.) from Leigh ; con- taining 2011 inhabitants. It comprises 2290 acres of land, and the Duke of Bridgewater’s canal from Man- chester to Wigan passes through the village. The in- habitants are employed either in hand-loom weaving, or in the cotton-spinning or power-loom weaving. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £126 ; patron. Vicar of Leigh. The church, dedicated to St. Stephen, was founded by Adam Mort, in the early part of the seventeenth century, and endowed by him with property of the value of £18 per annum. In I76O, the old edifice was taken down, and a new one erected upon a more enlarged plan, by the landowners of the chapelry, the VoL. I. — 97 income at that time having been considerably augmented. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A grammar school is endowed with £25. 14. 8. per annum; and, in 1630, Adam Mort bequeathed land, now producing about £35 per annum, for the instruction of children here, and in the townships of Great Bolton, Little Hulton, Bed- ford, and Tyldesley ; the school-house is situated in the churchyard. There are also national schools for both sexes. ASTLEY, a chapelry, in the parish of St. Mary, union of Atcham, liberties of Shrewsbury, N. division of Salop, 5 miles (N. N. E.) from Shrewsbury ; contain- ing 264 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, with a net income of £56, in the patronage of five Trus- tees, by order of the court of chancery : the impro- priation is vested in the Trustees of Shrewsbury free grammar school, whose tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £211. Mrs. Elizabeth Jones, in 1733, agreeably to the request of her deceased husband, be- queathed a farm here, let for £60 per annum, of which about £40 are appropriated for the benefit of the poor of Atcham, £10 to the poor of Astley, and £6 to the minister : it is also charged with the payment of £5 to the organist of St. Mary’s. A school connected with the charity was established in 1828. ASTLEY (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Nuneaton, Kirby division of the hundred of Knight- low, N. division of the county of Warwick, 4| miles (W. S, W.) from Nuneaton ; comprising 2555 acres, and containing 371 inhabitants. A short distance to the north of the church is a mansion, erected in the six- teenth century, on the site of a more ancient baronial castle : in the interior are a chair and table, which, according to an inscription, were those used by Henry, Marquess Grey and Duke of Suffolk, father of Lady Jane Grey, when concealed in a hollow tree in the vici- nity. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £ 60 ; patron and impropriator, C. N. Newdegate, Esq. The church was made collegiate, and rebuilt in the form of a cross, with a lofty spire, in the reign of Edward HI., by Lord Thomas de Astley, many of whose family were interred here ; the ancient choir, now forming the body of the church, is the only portion of the building remaining. The revenue of the college, at its dissolution, was £46. 8. A school is supported by Mr. Newdegate. ASTLEY (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Martley, Lower division of the hundred of Dodding- tree, Hundred-House and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, 3 miles (S. W. by S.) from Stourport ; containing 834 inhabitants. This parish, which is bounded on the east by the river Severn, comprises by measurement 2900 acres ; the soil is highly productive. From the quarries in Astley wood has been raised stone for the repair of Worcester cathedral, and for the resto- ration of the parochial church. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £15. 13. 4.; patrons. Trustees of the late Rev. D. J. J. Cooks. The tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £750, and the glebe comprises 20 acres of land of a very mixed quality. The church, pleasantly situated on a hill, is an ancient build- ing chiefly of Norman architecture, and contains some altar-tombs with recumbent effigies of members of the family of Blount. Here is a free school, endowed with about £20 per annum, by Mrs. Mercy Pope, in 1717. An alien priory of Benedictine monks, founded here by O A S T O A S T O Ralph de Todeni, in the reign of William I., was annexed to the college of Westbnry in that of Edward IV. At Redstone ferry is an old hermitage^ excavated in a lofty cliff by the side of the river. ASTLEY, ABBOTS, a parish, in the union of Bridgenorth, hundred of Stottesden, S. division of Saeop, 2 miles (N.) from Bridgenorth j containing 657 inhabitants. This parish, which comprises about 3200 acres, is intersected by the road from Bridgenorth to Broseley, and by the river Severn. The living is a per- petual curacy, in the patronage of T. Whitmore, Esq. t the tithes have been commuted for rent- charges amount- ing to £255. 15., and there are 51^ acres of rectorial glebe. The church, which is in the later English style, was rebuilt in 1638 3 the chancel is of modern date. A parochial school was endowed by Mrs. C. Phillips in 1805, with £300 in the three per cent, consols. ASTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Ivinghoe, union of Leighton-Btjzzard, hundred of Cottesloe, county of Buckingham, if mile (N. N. E.) from Ivinghoe ; containing 446 inhabitants. ASTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Hope, union of Chapel-en-le-Frith, hundred of High Peak, N. divi- sion of the county of Derby, 6| miles (N. N. E.) from Tideswell 3 containing 111 inhabitants. ASTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Avening, union of Stroud, hundred of Longtree, E. division of the county of Gloucester; containing 221 inhabitants. ASTON, or Pipe- Aston {St. Giles) y a parish, in the union of Ludlow, hundred of Wigmore, county of Hereford, 4 miles (S. W. by W.) from Ludlow ; con- taining 52 inhabitants. The surface of the parish, con- sisting of 733 acres, is undulated and well-wooded ; but the soil is of an inferior quality. It is intersected by the road from Ludlow to Wigmore and Presteign. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £2. 13.4.; net income, £84; patrons, the Representatives of T. A. Knight, Esq. ASTON {St. Mary), a parish, in the hundred of Broadwater, union and county of Hertford, 3f miles (S. E.) from Stevenage ; containing 556 inhabit- ants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £26. 11. 8.; patron and incumbent. Rev. James Ellice. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £460, and the glebe consists of 42^ acres. ASTON, with Cote, a hamlet, in the parish and hundred of Bampton, union of Witney, county of Oxford, 4 miles (S. S. W.) from Witney ; containing 729 inhabitants. A handsome chapel was built in 1839, chiefly by the three portionists of Bampton, who per- form divine service gratuitously. The tithes have been commuted for rent-charges amounting to £556, of which £550 are payable to the vicars of Bampton, and £6 to the Dean and Chapter of Exeter. A national school is endowed with land which produces £6 per annum ; and another school, commenced in 1826, is aided by subscription. ASTON, a township, in the parish and union of Wem, Whitchurch division of the hundred of North Bradford, N. division of Salop ; containing 212 inhabitants. There is a place of worship for Wesley- ans. ASTON, a township, in the parish and union of Wellington, hundred of South Bradford, N. divi- sion of Salop ; containing 84 inhabitants. 98 ASTON, with Burston and Stoke, a township, in the parish and union of Stone, S. division of the hun-^ dred of Pirehill, N. division of the county of Staf- ford; containing 773 inhabitants. ASTON, a township, in the parish of Muckleston^ union of Market-Drayton, N. division of the hundred of Pirehill and of the county of Stafford, 8 miles (W. S. W.) from Newcastle-under-Line ; containing 283 inhabitants. There is a Roman Catholic chapel at Aston Hall. ASTON {St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, and the head of a union, in the Birmingham division of the hundred of Hemlingford, N. division of the county of Warwick, adjoining the town of Birmingham (part of which is within its limits), and comprising the manor of Aston, and the hamlets of Castle and Little Bromwich, Erdington, Saltley with Washwood, Water Orton, Wit- ton, Deritend with Bordesley, and Duddeston with Ne- chells; the whole containing 45,718 inhabitants, of whom 2896 are in the manor of Aston. This extensive parish includes several manors anciently belonging to the Earls of Mercia, under whom that of Aston was, at the time of the Conquest, held by Godmund the Saxon. It was afterwards granted by William the Norman, with other large possessions, to one of his followers, William Fitz Ausculf, to whom succeeded Gervase Paganell, whose nephew, Ralph Somery, gave it to Thomas de Erdington about the beginning of the reign of John. In the early part of the reign of Edward I. it came into the hands of Thomas de Maidenhach, who, in the 13th of that reign, claimed by prescription the assize of beer, a gallows, infangthef, utfangthef, with a court leet and weifs, also that he and his tenants should be free from any suit to the county or hundred courts, all which were allowed ; and in the following year he obtained a charter of free warren in all his demesne lands here. It was purchased, in 1367 , by the family of Holt, W’hose descendant. Sir Thomas, in 1620, erected the venerable and stately hall, in which he entertained Charles I. for two nights previ- ously to the battle of Edge-Hill ; the estate was alienated by Sir Lister Holt, in 1770, and in 1782 became the property of Heneage Legge, Esq. The hall is a spacious structure, in the Elizabethan style, and is situated in a flue park, richly ornamented with timber of ancient growth, and with thriving groves of modern plantation. Aston parish, wLich comprises 12,534a. 2p., is divided into nine townships, in all of which are populous villages. There are extensive iron-works, of which Aston furnace, from the vast accumulation of scoria, appears to have been in operation from the remotest period of anti- quity ; and Aston forge, to which are attached some powerful rolling-mills, is conducted on a large scale. The Birmingham and Gloucester, and Grand Junction railways pass through the parish : on the banks of the Birmingham and Fazeley canal are numerous works connected with the Birmingham manufactures, and spacious and commodious wharfs have been con- structed. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £21. 4. 9 ^. } net income, £2075 ; patrons. Executors of the late Rev. George Peake ; impropriators. Heirs of Sir L. Holt. The church is an ancient structure, partly in the early, and partly in the later style of English architecture, with a handsome tower and finely- tapered spire, which, rising above the well-wooded park. A S T O A S T O forms a beautifully picturesque feature in the scenery, and from several points of view is seen'in pleasing com- bination with the lofty gables of the ancient hall. The interior, which has been greatly modernised, contains some beautiful specimens of painted glass by Eginton, and several ancient and interesting monuments, and altar- tombs, with recumbent effigies. There are chapels of ease at Castle Bromwich, Water Orton, Ward-End in Little Bromwich, Bordesley, Deritend, Erdington, and Duddeston, where there are two. The chapel at Ward-End, which had fallen into disuse since the Reformation, has been restored by subscription j and St. Matthew’s, in Duddeston, recently built, is the first of ten new churches to be erected in the borough of Birmingham. A school is endowed with a house and land, valued at about £25 per annum j and ^ there are also a school of industry, and several national, Lancas- terian, and other schools. ' Almshouses for five men and five women were founded in 3 656, by Sir Thomas Holt, Bart., and endowed with a rent- charge of £84 on his manor at Erdington. The poor law union of Aston comprises five parishes and places, and contains a popu- lation of 50,9^8. ASTON {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Rotherham, S. division of the wapentake of Straf- FORTH and Tickhiel, W. riding of York, 8 ^ miles (E. by S.) from Sheffield containing, with the hamlet of Aughton and part of Ulley, 76^ inhabitants. This place, called also Aston cum Aughton, is noticed? in Domesday book, in which a church is mentioned as existing here j and the history of the spot is of con- siderable interest. In the 14th century the estate be- came the property of William Melton, Archbishop of York, a munificent prelate, and of great piety ; and in the time of Henry VIII., the noble family of D’Arcy obtained possession of it by marriage, and held it until 177 L when the last Earl of Holderness, whose predeces- sors had lived much at Aston, and greatly improved the mansion, parted with the lands to Mr. Verilst, a gentle- man who had held a high appointment in India, and whose family are still resident here. The parish, which is bounded on the western side by the river Rother, is on the road from Worksop to Sheffield, and is inter- sected by that from Rotherham to Mansfield j it com- prises about 3000 acres, chiefly arable land, with not more than about 30 acres of wood. The surface is bold and elevated, and the views extend over the hills of North Derbyshire and the Yorkshire moors j the soil is mostly light, and very fertile, and rests on a stratum of coarse dark sandstone, beneath which coal of good quality is found, and two mines are in active operation. The North-Midland railway passes on the west for a distance of two miles. The LIVING is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 12 . 15. 2 |., and in the patronage of the Duke of Leeds : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £740, and there are about 34 acres of glebe. The church is a neat ancient stone building, with a tower at the west end 3 the chancel, which has recently been renovated by the present incumbent, the Rev. W. Alderson, c*ontains kneeling marble effigies of the good Lord D’Arcy,” who died in 1 628, and three of his wives, a fourth having survived him ; the east window is of stained gla«s, and occupied chiefly with the arms and impalements of the D’Arey family. In the 99 hamlet of Aughton are places of worship for Calvinists and Wesleyans. A school is endowed with £15. 2 . 6 . jper annum, together with a house and garden 3 and a Sunday national school is supported by the rector. The parish is remarkable for having been for many years the residence of the Rev. William Mason, the poet, its then rector, who here composed some of his most beautiful works, and who reduced to practice his rules for English gardening, in the garden which per- tained to the rectorial manse : he died in 1797 ^ and was buried in the church, where is a tablet to his memory. ASTON, ABBOT’S (St. James), a parish, in the union of Aylesbury, hundred of Cottesloe, county of Buckingham, 5^ miles (N. N. E.) from Aylesbury 3 containing 356 inhabitants. The parish comprises by measurement 2131 acres 3 the village is beautifully situated on a hill overlooking the vale of Aylesbury, within half a mile of the road from Oxford to Cam- bridge. A large supply of excellent butter is sent to the London market. The women and children are em- ployed in the manufacture of lace and straw-platting. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 7 . 11.; net income, £ 143 3 patron, Earl of Chester- field. About 90 acres of land in the parish, with the tithes of the hamlet of Burston, belong to the benefice. A school is supported by subscription. ASTON-BLANK (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Northleach, hundred of Bradley, E. divi- sion of the county of Gloucester, 4^ miles (N. by E.) from Northleach 3 containing 302 inhabitants. This parish, which comprises 2200 acres, is situated about half a mile from the Stow road, and is bounded on the north and north-east by the river Windrush. The neighbourhood has been much improved by the inclo- sure of waste lands, and plantations made by the lord of the manor, who holds courts leet and baron occa- sionally. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 6 . 12. 4. 3 net income, £151 3 patron, the Crown. The tithes were commuted for land, and annual money payments, in 1795 3 the glebe consists of 3 acres. Goddard Carter, Esq., late lord of the manor, endowed a day school, with £5 per annum, for children under ten years of age. ASTON-BOTTERELL (St, Michael), a parish, in the union of Cleobury-Mortimer, hundred of Stot- tesden, S. division of Salop, 9 miles (S. W. by W.) from Bridgenorth 3 containing, with the chapelry of Bold, 173 inhabitants. This place derives the .adjunct to its name from the family of Botterell, by whom the manor was held under the earls of Arundel in the reign of Henry III. It is situated on the road from Bridgenorth to Ludlow, and comprises 2238a. 22 p. : limestone is obtained for manure, and basaltic stone for the repair of the roads. By a charter of Henry III. a market was held on Tuesday, and a fair at Michaelmas 5 but both have been long discontinued. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at. £7. 1. 0^., and in the gift of the Duke of Cleveland : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £345, and there are 70 acres of glebe. In the church is an altar-tomb, on which are recumbent figures, supposed to be of the Botterell family. ASTON-BY-BUDWORTH, a chapelry, in the parish of Great Budworth, union of Altrincham, hundred O 2 A S T O ASTO of Bucklow^ N. division of the county of Chester, 3 miles (N. N. E.) from Northwich; containing 405 inhabit- ants. The village is situated at the distance of about a mile from the main road between London and Liver- pool, and the same distance from the Trent and Mersey canal. In the centre of the township are the remains of an ancient moated mansion, with an old bridge. A petrifying spring rises on the Gore farm, in the chapelry. ASTON-BY-SUTTON, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Runcorn, hundred of Bucklow, N, division of the county of Chester, 3 miles (E. by N.) from Frodsham 5 containing 206 inhabitants. It comprises 29?4«^. 30p., of which about 535 acres are arable, 1950 meadow and pasture, 410 woodland, and the remainder homesteads and gardens. The small river Weaver, which is here navigable, flows through the hamlet of Sutton into the river Mersey ; and the Grand Junction railway passes through the township of Aston. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £ 88 ; patron, A. I. Aston, Esq. The glebe comprises 30 acres, with a house. The chapel was rebuilt, on an enlarged scale, in 1737. ASTON- CANTLOW (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Alcester, Stratford division of the hundred of Barlichway, S. division of the county of Warwick, 4 miles (N. E. by E.) from Alcester 5 con- taining 1089 inhabitants. This place appears to have derived the adjunct to its name from the family of Cantelu, or Cantelupe, of whom William de Cantelupe received from Henry III. a confirmation of the lordship, together with a market and fair held here. John de Hastings, into whose poss(fssion it had come, claimed by prescription, in the 13th of Edward I., a court leet, with assize of bread and beer, weifs, gallows, and free warren, all which were allowed. The parish comprises 4758 acres, and is intersected by the river Alne, on the left bank of which the village is situated. The Stratford canal passes through it. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 9 . 9 . 7 . j net income, £93 5 patron and incumbent. Rev. R. S. Carles 3 impropriator, Earl of Abergavenny. ASTON-CHETWYND, a township, in the parish of Edgmond, union of Newport, Newport division of the hundred of South Bradford, N. division of Salop, 1^ mile (S. S. E.) from Newport 3 containing 385 in- habitants. ASTON, CHURCH, a chapelry, in the parish of Edgmond, union of Newport, Newport division of the hundred of South Bradford, N. division of Salop, 1 mile (S.) from Newport 3 containing 512 inhabitants. The chapel is dedicated to St. Andrew. ASTON-CLINTON (St. Michael), a parish, in the union and hundred of Aylesbury, county of Buck- ingham, 2|- miles (W. by N.) from Tring, on the Lon- don road 3 containing, with the hamlet of St. Leonard, 1025 inhabitants, of whom 847 are in the township of Aston-Clinton. The Grand Junction canal passes through the parish. The cottagers manufacture straw- plat and lace. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £23. 6 . 10^.3 net income, £6063 patrons. Principal and Fellows of Jesus’ College, Ox- ford. The tithes, with the exception of those for wood- land, were commuted for land and a money payment, in 1814. There is a place of worship for Baptists. too ASTON, EAST, a tything, in the parish of Long- parish, union of Andover, hundred of Wherwell, Andover and N. divisions of Hants 3 containing 109 inhabitants. ASTON-EYRE, a chapelry, in the parish of Mor- viLL, union of Bridgenorth, hundred of Stottesden, S. division of Salop, 4j miles (W. by N.) from Bridge- north 3 containing 130 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, annexed to that of Morvill : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £218. ASTON-FLAMVILLE (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Hinckley, hundred of Sparkenhoe, S. divi- sion of the county of Leicester, 2 miles (E. S. E.) from Hinckley 3 containing, with the chapelry of Bur- bage and hamlet of Sketchley, 1909 inhabitants. It comprises. 4097 acres, of which 3057 are in the chapelry of Burbage 3 the proportion of arable is computed to be 1450 acres, of woodland 149 acres, and the rest is pasture. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £33. 12. 85.3 net income, £8783 patron, Earl de Grey. The tithes of Burbage have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £677 j the tithe at Aston is about £31. 18., and is a modus. The glebe consists of about 120 acres. The church of Aston is very ancient : that at Burbage, supposed to have been erected in th^ eleventh century, has just been rebuilt. ASTON-GRANGE, a township, in the parish and union of Runcorn, hundred of Bucklow, N. division of the county of Chester, 3f miles (E.) from Frod- sham 3 containing 27 inhabitants. Here is a chapel, which was rebuilt on an enlarged plan, in 1737. The Grand Junction railway passes a little to the east. ASTON- INGHAM, a parish, in the union of Newent, hundred of Greytree, county of Hereford, 3 miles (S. W. by W.) from Newent 3 containing 621 inhabit- ants. This parish, which comprises by measurement 2378 acres, is bounded on the east and south by a portion of the county of Gloucester, and is intersected by the road from Newent to Mitchel Dean. The sur- face exhibits considerable undulations, and numerous patches of woodland 3 and the soil generally is of aver- age productiveness. There are some quarries of lime- stone, and also of stone for building. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 7 . 7- 1 • 3 patron, the Rev. Henry Lawson Whatley, the present incum- bent. The tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £350, and there are about 100 acres of glebe, and a good house. A school is endowed with about £10 per annum. ASTON-JUXTA-MONDRUM, a township, in the parish of Acton, union and hundred of Nantwich, S. division of the county of Chester, 4 miles (N.) from Nantwich 3 containing l64 inhabitants. The Chester and Crewe railway passes close to this place after being conducted over the Weaver by a bridge of 8 arches, 60 feet above the level of the river. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £71. 5., and the vicarial for one of £26. 7 . 7 * ASTON-LE- WALLS (St. Leonard), a parish, in the union of Banbury, hundred of Chipping-Warden, S. division of the county of Northampton, 8^ miles (N. N. E.) from Banbury 3 containing, with the hamlet of Appletree, 252 inhabitants. This parish, which is intersected in its north-eastern extremity by the road from Banbury to Daventry, comprises 1528 acres of a AS TO A S T O highly productive soil j the substratum is rock 3 and stone is quarried for repairing the roads and for rough building. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 9. 7- 5 net income, £343 5 patrons. Presi- dent and Fellows of St. John’s College, Oxford. The glebe comprises 140 acres. The church is an ancient structure, in the early English style, with a low Norman tower. There is a Roman Catholic chapel 5 and in con- nexion with the church is a school supported by the rector. ASTON, MAGNA, a hamlet, in the parish of Block- ley, union of Shipston-on-Stour, Upper division of the hundred of Oswaldslow, Blocklev and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, miles (N.) from Moreton-in-the^Marsh 3 containing 223 inhabitants. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £95. ASTON, MIDDLE, a township, in the parish of Steeple-Aston, union of Woodstock, hundred of WooTTON, county of Oxford, 3 miles (S. by E.) from Deddington 3 containing 111 inhabitants, and comprising 842a. 3r. 20jo. ASTON-MORRIS, a ty thing, partly in the parish of Burnham, union of Axbridge, hundred of Bempstone, E. division, and partly in the parish of Huntspill, union of Bridgwater, hundred of Huntspill and Pu- RiTON, W. division of Somerset 3 containing 239 inha- bitants. ASTON, NORTH {St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Woodstock, hundred of Wootton, county of Ox- ford, 2 miles (S. S. E.) from Deddington, and 8 (N. N. E.) from Woodstock 5 comprising by measurement 1260 acres, and containing 289 inhabitants. The Oxford canal forms a boundary of the parish on the east. The views from the grounds of the mansion are very extensive, and of the most pleasing description. On the village green, which is one of the prettiest in the county, are some very fine elms, and other full-grown trees. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 10. 3 net income, £133 3 patron and impropriator, Charles Oldfield Bowles, Esq. The church consists of a nave, aisles, and chancel, of unequal height, with a tower picturesquely covered with ivy 3 in a chantry on the south side of the chancel is an elegant tomb, with recum- bent effigies of a male and female, supposed to be those of Sir John Anne and Alicia his wife. ASTON PIGOT, a township, in the parish of Wor- THEN, hundred of Chirbury, S. division of Salop, 11 miles (N. E.) from Montgomery 3 containing 78 in- habitants. ASTON ROGERS, a township, in the parish of WoRTHEN, hundred of Chirbury, S. division of Salop, 2§ miles (N. E.) from Worthen 3 containing 174 inha- bitants. The village is situated on the road between Shrewsbury and Montgomery. AST ON- ROW ANT {St, Peter and St, Paul), a .parish, in the union of Thame, hundred of Le^vknor, county of Oxford, 3^ miles (S. E.) from Tetsworth 3 containing, with the townships of Chalford and King- ston-Blount, 885 inhabitants. The parish comprises 2800 acres by computation 5 the surface is in general flat, and the soil composed of chalk, sand, and deep clay. Many of the females are employed in lace-making. The living is a vicarage, partly endowed with the great tithes, with Stokenchurch annexed, and valued in the 101 king’s books at £16. 18. 11. 3 net income, £1763 patron, the Crown. The remainder of the great tithes have been ciommuted for land under an act of inclosure. The church is partly in the early, and partly in the later style of English architecture, and contains some ancient brasses. There is a place of worship for Independents at Kingston. Near the close of the seventeenth century, a large Roman vessel, containing five smaller ones, was discovered in Kingston field, within the parish, at the distance of about a furlong from the Ikeneld- street. ASTON- SANDFORD {St, Michael) , a parish, in the union of Aylesbury, hundred of Ashendon, county of Buckingham, 3 miles (E. N. E.) from Thame 3 con- taining 86 inhabitants. It comprises 669a. 2r. 14p., of which 473 acres are tithable. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 16. 0|., and in the patronage of Mrs. Susannah Barber : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £107, and the glebe consists of 53| acres. The church is in the later Eng- lish style, and has a wooden tower, with three bells. The remains of the Rev. Thomas Scott, a learned and pious commentator on the Scriptures, and for some time rector, were interred in the chancel. ASTON-SOMERVILLE {St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Evesham, Lower division of the hundred of Ktftsgate, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 3^ miles (S. S. E.) from Evesham 3 containing 89 inha- bitants. It is situated on the river Isperne, and com- prises by measurement 1000 acres, of which three-fourths are arable, and the rest pasture land 3 the soil is a deep strong clay. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 3. 4., and in the patronage of Lord Somer- ville : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £230, and there are about 40 acres of glebe. The church, a plain edifice, contains a monument to the late Lord Somerville, author of some tracts and essays on Agriculture, and Rural Economy, and who was a native of this place, and was interred here in 1819. ASTON, STEEPLE {St, Peter), a parish, in the union of Woodstock, hundred of Wootton, county of Oxford, 7 miles (N. N. E.) from Woodstock 3 contain- ing 580 inhabitants. This place, is thought to have been occupied by the Romans, as some vestiges of a fosse are visible, and a tessellated pavement was discovered in the vicinity, in the sixteenth century. The parish, which includes the villages of Steeple-Aston and Middle-Aston, and comprises 1875a. 2r. 37p., is intersected by the river Cherwell, and skirted by the Oxford canal. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £l6. 2. 8|. 3 net income, £584 3 patrons, Principal and Fellows of Brase- nose College, Oxford. The church is an ancient edifice, containing, in a chapel on the north side of the chancel, recumbent effigies of Judge Page and his lady, to whom the manor formerly belonged. A school is endowed with £20 per annum, and a house and garden, from a bequest, in 1640, by Dr. Samuel Radcliffe, principal of Brasenose College, who founded two scholarships in that college, to be supplied, if possible, from this school : the same benevolent individual also founded here an alms- house for poor women, and was buried in the chancel of the church. Near the village a strong chalybeate spring was discovered in 1833. ASTON-SUB-EDGE {St, Andrew), a parish, in the union of Evesham, Upper division of the hundred of Kiftsgate, E. division of the county of Gloucester, A S T O A S W A mile (N. N. W.) from Chipping- Cam pden ; containing 134 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the road to Chipping-Campden and Shipston, comprises by measurement 850 acres. Norton-Burnt House, so called from the greater portion of it having been destroyed by fire while the seat of Sir William Knight, Bart., is the property of the Earl of Harrowby, who, with Lord and Lady Sandon, occasionally resides here. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 2. 3^. j net income, £204 j patron, Earl of Harrowby. An allot- ment of 100 acres of glebe has been given in lieu of tithes. The church is a plain, neat edifice, erected in 1705, on the site of the old structure. A school is sup- ported by Lady Frances Sandon. ASTON-TIRROLD (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Wallingford, hundred of Moreton, county of Berks, 3| miles (S. W. by W.) from Wallingford ; containing 343 inhabitants. Bishop Gibson supposed this to be the place called in the Saxon Chronicle Aescesdune, where Ethelred I. and his brother Alfred defeated the Danes, in 871 ; but Gough, with greater probability, considers the battle to have been fought at Ashdown Park, near East Ilsley. The parish comprises 1650 acres by survey, and is situated near the Great Western railway. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 12. 11., and in the patronage of the President and Fellows of Magdelene College, Oxford : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £278, and the glebe consists of 36 acres. ASTON-UPON-CARRON, a ty thing, in the parish of Ashchurch, union of Tewkesbury, Lower division of the hundred of Tewkesbury, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 4;|: miles (E. N. E.) from Tewkes- bury 3 containing 179 inhabitants. ASTON -UPON -TRENT {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Shardlow, hundred of Morleston and Litchurch, S. division of the county of Derby, 6| miles (S. E.) from Derby 3 comprising the townships of Aston, Shardlow, and Great Wilne, and containing 1952 inhabitants,^ of whom 646 are in Aston township. A grant of a market and fair was obtained in 1256, but both have long been discontinued. The Grand Trunk navigation joins the river Trent below Shardlow, in the parish, at which place there are extensive wharfs. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £29. 15. 3 net income, £1030 3 patron, E. A. Holden, Esq. The tithes were commuted for land in 1762. A chapel of ease has recently been erected at Shardlow. ASTON- UPTHORP, a chapelry, in the parish of Blewberry, union of Wallingford, hundred Moreton, county of Berks, miles (W. S. W.)/^om Wallingford 5 containing 159 inhabitants. It forms a part of the parliamentary borough of Wallingford, and comprises 1270a. Ir. 2p.. The chapel is said to be one of the most ancient in England. A school for girls is supported by subscription. ASTON, WEST, a tything, in the parish of Long- pa Risa, union of Andover, hundred of Wherwell, Andover and N, divisions. of Hants 3 containing I70 in- habitants. ASTON, WHITE LADIES (St, John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Pershore, Lower division of the hundred of Oswaldslow, Worcester and W. divi- sions of the county of Worcester, 5 miles (E. S. E.) from Worcester 3 containing 367 inhabitants. The an- 102 cient manor-house of this place, which was pulled down a few years since, was the abode of Oliver Cromwell the night before the celebrated battle of Worcester. The parish, which comprises 1224a. 2r. 24p., is situated near the Spetchley station on the Gloucester and Birmingham railway, and on the roads from Worcester to Alcester and Evesham. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 17* 3|., and endowed with the great tithes 3 patron, R. Berkeley, Esq. The tithes have-been commuted for a rent- charge of £240, and there are about 2 acres of glebe, and a glebe-house. The church is an ancient building, with a white wooden spire, and con- tains a curious old font. ASTROP, a hamlet, in the parishes of King’s Sut- ton, and Newbottle, and hundred of King’s Sutton, union of Brackley, S. division of the county of North- ampton, 5f miles (W.) from Brackley 3 containing 224 inhabitants. Here is a mineral spring, called St. Rum- bald’s well, which, in the latter part of the seventeenth century, was much frequented. ASTWELL, a hamlet, partly in the parish of Syres- HAM, but chiefly in the parish of Wapenham, union of Brackley, hundred of King’s Sutton, S. division of the county of Northampton, 5^ miles (N. N. E.) from Brackley 3 containing 46 inhabitants, and comprising, with the hamlet of Falcutt, 1790a. 3r. 36p. ASTWICK {St. Guthlake), a parish, in the union and hundred of Biggleswade, county of Bedford, 31- miles (N. W. by N.) from Baldock 3 containing 84 inha- bitants. This parish, situated on the road from Baldock to Biggleswade, and a little to the north of that between Baldock and Shefford, lies on the border of Hertford- shire 3 it is bounded by the river Ivel, which separates it from the parish of Stotfold 3 and comprises by mea- surement 640 acres of arable land, of which the soil is heavy, and the sub-soil clay. The living is a rectory, united, in 1764, to the vicarage of Arlsey, and valued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 4. ASTWOOD {St, Peter), a parish, in the union of Newport-Pagnell, hundred of Newport, county of Buckingham, 5^ miles (B. N. E.) from Newport-Pag- nell3 containing 243 inhabitants. This place was at the Conquest surveyed as part of the adjoining parish of Hardraead, and belonged to William Fitzanculph, from whom it descended by marriage to Fulk Paganell, the founder of Neport-Pagnell. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 6. 8., and in the pa- tronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £201. 11. 6., and the glebe consists of 12 acres. There is a place of worship for Independ- ents. ASWARBY {St, Denis}-, a parish, in the union of Sleaford,, wapentake of Aswardhurn, parts of Kes- TEVEN, county of Lincoln, 4 miles (N. by W.) from Folkingham 3 containing 119 inhabitants. It comprises about 1500* acres, and i« situated on the road from Lon- don to Lincoln. The living is a rectory, yalued in the king’s books at £12. 4. 7. and in the gift of Sir T. Whichcote, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £327. 12., and there are 47 acres of glebe, and a good house. The church is a handsome building in the pointed style, and was extensively repaired, and it& chancel rebuilt, in 1840, at the expense of the patron and incumbent. There is a chalybeate spring within the limits of the parish. A T H E A T H E ASWARDBY (St. HelWn), a parish, in the union 6f Sl^iLsav, hundred of Hill, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 4 miles (N. W. by N.) from Spilsby j con- taining 92 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £7- 19. 4|. ; net in- come, £266 3 patron, R. Brackenbury, Esq. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans. ATCHAM, a parish, and the head of a union, in the Wellington division of the hundred of South BraD- a^ORD, N. division of SAlor, 4 miles (S. E. by E.) from Shrewsbury ; containing 513 inhabitants. The Roman Watling- street passes through the parish, and here crosses the Severn. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £IL 6. 8.; net income, £240^ patron, R. Burton, Esq. 5 impropriators. Lord Berwick, R. Burton, Esq., and others. A school is supported by Mr. Burton 5 and divers sums are distributed annually among the necessitous, of which the principal is one of about £40, arising out of an estate devised by Elizabeth Jones, in 1733. The poor law union of Atcham com- prises 43 parishes and places, under the care of 44 guardians. ATHELHAMPTON.— See AdmiStoN. ATHELINGTON (St, Peter), a parish, in the union and hundred of Hoxne, E. division of Suffolk, 6 miles (S. E. by E.) from Eye ; comprising by measurement 475 acres, and containing 111 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 14. 2., and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes payable to the incumbent have been Commuted for a rent-charge of £150, and there are about 16 acres of glebe; other tithes, claimed by the rector of West Stow, have been commuted for £192^ 5., and he has also a glebe here of about 30 acres. The church, which is chiefly in the decorated style, consists of a nave and chancel, with a square tower. ATHERINGTON (St. Mjry), a parish, in the union of Barnstaple, hundred of North Tawton, South Molton and N. divisions of Devon, 7 miles (S. S. E.) from Barnstaple ; containing 629 inhabitants. A portion of the lands was granted by Matilda, wife of William the Conqueror, to the convent of Caen, in Normandy, which she had founded ; and in the reign of Henry III. some nuns from that establishment settled here, and erected a chapel, in which was placed a statue of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, who in the time of Edward HI. was lord of the manor. During the protectorate of Crom- well, Charles II. concealed himself in the parsonage- hoUse, and the ancient chamber in which be slept is still preserved. The parish. Which is situated on the river Taw, and intersected by the direct road from Barnstaple to Exeter, comprises 3325u. 2r. Ip., of which 2634 acres are arable, 125 meadow, 449 woodland, and 117 rivers and roads ; the soil is clay. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £26. 2. 1. ; patron and incumbent. Rev. James Arthur, whose tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £416, and who has a glebe of 200 acres. The church contains a richly orna- mented screen and rood-loft crossing the north aisle ; also the monument of a crusader, and an altar tomb, with the figures of a knight and his two ladies on brass plates ; and the statue of John of Gaunt, which Was removed from the ancient chapel in 1826. A school is partly supported by Lady Basset. ATHERINGTON, Sussex. — S ee ALDRiNoroN. 103 ATHERLEY (St^ Peter), a parish, in the union of Drayton, Drayton division of the hundred of North Bradford, N. division of Salop, 4 miles (N. by W.) from Drayton ; containing 404 inhabitants. It com- prises 3750a. Ir. 9>^3p., of which 962 acres are arable, and 2493 pasture and meadow. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 6. 0^., and in the patronage of the Rev. H. C. Cotton, for the next turn ; afterwards of Richard Corbet, Esq. of Atherley Hall. The tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £666. 16., and there, are about I9 acres of glebe. In I719, the Rev. Robert Adams bequeathed an estate at Winning- ton, in the parish of Muckleston, now let for £35. 12. per annum, for the education of children, and other purposes. ATHERBTONE, a market-town, chapelry, and the head of a union, in the parish of Man getter, Ather- stone division of the hundred of HemlingfoRd, N. division of the county of Warwick, 20 miles (N. by E.) from Warwick, and 105 (N. W. by N.) from London^ on the road to Chester; containing 3743 inhabitants* The name of this place, in Domesday book written Adere- stone, is by Dugdale derived from its Saxon possessor Edred, or Aldred, and thence called Edredestone or Al- dredestone ; by others its name is deduced from its situa- tion near Mancester, or Mancetter, the Manduessedum of the Romans, reckoning from which station here was the nearest milliarium on the line of the Watling- street, and hence called Hither-stone or Atherstone* In 1485, the Earl of Richmond, previously to the battle of BoS- worth Field, entered the town on the 20th of August, encamped his forces in a meadow, north of the church, still called the Royal meadow, and took up his own quarters at an ancient inn, now the Three Tuns, where he passed the night : here he had an interview with the Stanleys, and concerted those measures which secured him the victory in the celebrated battle that took place on the 22nd, and which terminated the war between the houses of York and Lancaster. The town consists of one principal street, containing many ancient and several modern houses, and from which another street branches to the market-place ; it is paved, well lighted^ and amply supplied with water. There is a subscrip- tion library and news-room ; and assemblies are held occasionally in the town-hall, a neat brick building oil piazzas. Stone is quarried for road-making and walls ; and the manufacture of hats and caps, chiefly of a coarse kind, for soldiers and the West India trade, has been carried on to a considerable extent ) Wt since the ter- mination of the war, and the abolitimrmf the slave trade, it has declined, there being little remand for soldiers’ caps and none for negroes’ hats. The railway ft’om Birmingham to Derby passes within five miles of the town, and the Coventry and Fazeley canal at the north- western extremity, where extensive coal and lime wharfs have been constructed. The market, granted in the 31st of Henry III., is on Tuesday ; and fairs are held oii April 7th and July 18th, for cattle; Sept. 19th, 20th, and 21st, for cattle, cheese, and pedlery, on the Tuesday after which is a statute-fair ; and on Dec. 4th, which is a great show fair for cattle, &c. The county magi- strates hold a petty- session Weekly ; the hundred court is held here in rotation with other towns ; and a court leet annually, at which Constables and other officers are appointed. A T H E A T T E The township comprises 842 acres, chiefly pasture land. The living is a perpetual curacy j net income, £150; patron, Vicar of Mancetter. The chapel is dedi- cated to St. Mary ; the ancient part of the edifice is in the English style, and formerly belonged to the monks of Bee, in Normandy. There are places of worship for Independents, Methodists, and Socinians ; also a con- vent of the Dominican order, the foundation stone of which was laid in Sept. 1837;, and a chapel attached to which, dedicated to Our Blessed Lady of the Rosary,” was opened Oct. 6th, 1841. A grammar school was founded the 5th of Elizabeth, 1573, by Sir William Devereux, of Merevale, Thomas Fulner, and Amyas Hyll, and a charter of incorporation was obtained in 1608 : in 1706 the schoolroom was divided, and the grammar school is now conducted in one part, and an endowed English school in the other. The endowment amounts to £302 per annum, of which the master has £150, and the English master £50 ; and £60 are appropriated for repairs, contingent expenses, and a building fund ; the residue being paid in augmentation of the head master’s salary : upwards of forty scholars are at present on the foundation. There are also a girls’ school on the national plan, and a boys’ school, the buildings for which were erected by C. H. Bracebridge, Esq., of Atherstone Hall, aided by the Council of Education and the National Society. A self-supporting dispensary, upon the plan of Mr. Smith, of Southam, established in 1825, affords relief to a considerable number of patients. The poor law union of Atherstone comprises nine parishes and places in the county of Warwick, and five in the county of Leicester, and contains a population of 10,866. Dray- ton, the poet, and one of the earliest topographical writers, was born here. ATHERSTONE-UPON-STOUR, a parish, in the union of Stratford-upon-Avon, Kington division of the hundred of Kington, S. division of the county of Warwick, 3 miles (S.) from Stratford 3 containing, with the village of Ailstow, 93 inhabitants. Nearly sur- rounded by the county of Gloucester, this parish con- sists of 1042 acres, and is intersected by the river Stour and the road from Stratford to Shipston. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 1. 8. ; net income, £288 ; patron and incumbent. Rev. Thomas Cox, D.D. ATHERTON, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Leigh, hundred of West Derby, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 1:| mile (N. E.) from Leigh ; con- taining 4475 inhabitants. This place, through which pass the Bolton and Leigh railway and the road from Bolton to Warrington, comprises 2323a. 3r. 35p., and abounds with valuable stone of a durable quality. Ather- ton Hall, a superb edifice, built by the family of that name, in the early part of the eighteenth century, at an expense of about £63,000, was taken down in 1825, and the materials sold. Two-thirds of the inhabitants are employed in the cotton and silk manufacture, in the working of extensive collieries, and the making of nails, and the remaining third in agricultural pursuits. A cattle fair is held in Jan., and holiday fairs in June and August. The living, endowed about 1720 by Sir Richard Atherton, is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of Lord Lilford ; net income, £100. A commutation of the tithes has been awarded amounting to £118. 4. 8 . per annum. The chapel, which is dedicated to St. John the Baptist, 104 and is a plain structure, rebuilt in 1810, formerly be- longed to dissenters, but was consecrated for the service of the Church by Dr. Wilson, Bishop of Sodor and Man. There are places of worship for Unitarians and Bap- tists ; and infants’ and day schools were erected in 1840. ATLOW, a parish, in the hundred of Appletree, S. division of the county of Derby, 5 miles (E. N. E.) from Ashbourn ; containing 156 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 patron, W. F. Oakover, Esq. j appropriator. Dean of Lincoln, whose tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £110. The church is a dilapidated structure, situated in the middle of a field. Near the village is a high hill, called Mag- ger’s Bush,” which affords an extensive prospect. ATTENBOROUGH (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Shardlow, S. division of the wapentake of Broxtow, N. division of the county of Nottingham, 6 miles (S. W.) from Nottingham; containing, with the township of Toton, and the hamlet of Chilwell, 1036 inhabitants, of whom 124 are in the village of Atten- borough. The parish comprises by computation 3460 acres ; the soil consists of clayey, gravelly, and sandy earth, and the surface is diversified with boldly swelling undulations. The river Erewash intersects the parish, and the Nottingham canal passes through the chapelry of Bramcote in the northern part of it, in which place there are coal-mines. The living is a discharged vicarage, with Bramcote annexed, valued in the king’s books at £4. 15. ; net income, £250 ; patron and impropriator, George Saville Foljambe, Esq. The glebe consists of about 40 acres. The church is a large edifice, and has a tower with five bells, surmounted by a handsome spire. In the hamlet of Toton is a chalybeate spring. Atten- borough is the birthplace of Henry Ireton, the son-in- law of Cromwell, and lord deputy of Ireland in the time of the Commonwealth. ATTERBY, a township, in the parish of Bishop’s Norton, union of Caistor, E. division of the wapen- take of Aslacoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, lOj miles (W. N. W.) from Market-Rasen ; containing 142 inhabitants. The tithes were commuted for land, in 1769. Some property, yielding a rent of £8, is applied to the repairs of the church. ATTERCLIFFE, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Sheffield, S. division of the wapentake of Staf- forth andTiCKHiLL, W. riding of York, l^mile (N.E.) from Sheffield; containing 4156 inhabitants. This place is situated on the road from Sheffield to Worksop and Rotherham, and, together with the hamlet of Darnall, occupies a triangular area at the south-eastern extremity of the parish, bounded on the north by the river Don, and on the east by the small river Carbrook. The village, one of the largest in the parish, is well built, and contains several handsome houses, the principal of which are Attercliffe Hall, long tl^ residence of the Milner family. New Hall, that (^John Sanderson, Esq., and the mansion of John HiSlftsman, Esq. ; and in the immediate vicinity are several handsome houses of com- paratively modern erection. The manufacture of steel is carried on extensively by Mr. Huntsman, and the Messrs. Sanderson, and many of the inhabitants are employed in making anvils and agricultural implements. At Royds Mills is a gold and silver refinery, belonging to Messrs. Read, and Co. The old chapel of ease, at the eastern ATTL A T W 1 extremity of the village, was erected in. 1629 by Stephen Bright, and William Spencer, Esqs,, and others of the principal inhabitants, who endowed it with £10 per annnm j it is now only used for the performance of the funeral service, and its extensive cemetery as a place of sepulture. Christ church, of which the first stone was laid by the Duke of Norfolk, assisted by Earl Fitz- william, in 1822, was completed at an expense of £14,000, of which £11,700 were granted by the Par- liamentary Commissioners, and consecrated in 1826 ; it is a handsome structure in the later English style, with a square embattled tower crowned with pinnacles. The living is a perpetual curacy in the patronage of the Vicar of Sheffield. There are places of worship for Independents and Wesley ans. The town school was built by subscription in 1779, and greatly enlarged in 1841, partly by aid of a grant from the Committee of Council on Education 3 it is endowed with £13. 9. 6. per annum, arising from a bequest of £300 by Mrs. Fell in 1795. The national school for girls was built in 1824. Four almshouses, which were occupied by widows rent- free, have been rebuilt by the overseers, and are now let to tenants at a weekly rent of two shillings each 5 and there are various bequests for, distribution among the poor. ATTERTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Wither- LEY, union of Atherstone, hundred of Sparkenhoe, S. Division of the county of Leicester, 3:^ miles (E. by N.) from Atherstone 3 containing 84 inhabitants. ATTINGTON, an extra-parochial liberty, in the hundred of Thame, county of Oxford, 1 mile (E. by N.) from Tetsworth 3 containing 8 inhabitants. ATTLEBOROUGH, a hamlet, in the parish and union of Nuneaton, Atherstone division of the hun- dred of Hemlingford, N. division of Warwickshire 3 containing 1095 inhabitants. A neat church, in the later English style, with a tower and spire, has been just completed, containing 511 sittings, of which 347 are free. ATTLEBRIDGE {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of St. Faith, hundred of Taverham, E, division of Norfolk, 8 miles (N. W.) from Norwich 3 containing 94 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the road from Norwich to Fakenham, comprises 1237«. 2r. S4p. The living is a discharged vicarage, united to the rectory of Alderford, and valued in the king’s books at £4. 6. lOj. : the vicarial tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £70, and there are 10 acres of glebe 3 and the impropriate tithes, belonging to N. Micklethwait, Esq., lord of the manor, and principal owner of the soil, have been commuted for a rent-charge of £162. 18. The church is a handsome structure in the decorated English style, with a square embauTeuT tower. ATTLEBURGH, or Attleborough {St. Mary), a market-town and parish, in the union of W^ayland, hundred of Shropham, W. division of Norfolk, 15 miles (S. W. by W.) from Norwich, and 94 (N. E. by N.) from London 3 containing 1959 inhabitants. This place derives its name from Atheling, or Attlinge, a Saxon chieftain, by whom it is supposed to have been originally founded, and from a burgh or for- tress, by which it was formerly defended against the frequent incursions of the Danes. It was anciently the capital of Norfolk, and the residence of Offa and Ed- VoL. I. — 105 mund, kings of East Anglia, and was subsequently the seat of the Mortimer family, of whose baronial hall the site is still encompassed by a moat. In the reign of Richard II., Robert de Mortimer founded a collegiate establishment, in the church of the Holy Cross, for a warden and four secular priests, of which, at the disso- lution, the revenue was estimated at £21. I6. 3., and, with the site, was granted to the Earl of Essex. The TOWN, of which a considerable portion was destroyed by fire in 1559> though situated on the high road from Thetford to Norwich, is at present of very inconsidera- ble extent, consisting principally of one long street. The market, which is chiefly for corn, is on Thursday 3 and fairs are held on the Thursday before Easter and Whit- suntide, and on the 15th August. The former town comprised the two parishes of Attleburgh-Major and Minor 3 the first a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19. 8. 9.5 and the second a vicarage, valued at £8. 2. 6. 3 they are now united, and the present parish comprises 5251a. Ir. 25/)., of which 3955 acres are arable, and 1244 meadow and pasture. The livings con- stitute one rectory, in the patronage of the Rev. Sir E. B. Smyth, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £1500, and the glebe comprises 1 7 acres, with a handsome parsonage-house. The church is a venerable cruciform structure, in the decorated English style, with a square embattled tower rising from the centre, and a porch of elegant design. There are places of worship for Baptists and Wesleyans 3 and a parochial school, a handsome building, has been erected by sub- scription. The patron has allotted 24 acres of land to the poor, in small lots for garden- ground 3 57«. 2r. were also assigned to them at the time of the inclosure, and 20 acres for the repairs of the church. A house called the College-house occupies the site of the ancient college. There are two springs in the parish, slightly chalybeate. ATWICK {St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union of Skirlaugh, N. division of the wapentake of Hol- derness, E, riding of York, miles (N. N. W.) from Hornsea 3 containing 300 inhabitants. This place has passed through various hands, having been possessed by the families of Hastings, Mauley, Bigot, Bulmer, and Constable : St. John’s College, Cambridge, now owns a portion of the lordship. The parish is bounded on the east by the German Ocean, and comprises, includ- ing the manors of Arram and Skirlington, about 2186 acres, of which the soil is a stiff, but very fertile, clay : the surface begins to rise here in gentle undulations, and prepares the traveller for the hill and dale of the wolds 3 and the sea-view to Bridlington Quay and Flamborough Head is extensive and beautiful. The village, of which Atwick Hall forms a conspicuous fea- ture, is small but pretty, and pleasantly situated near the sea, from whose encroachments it has occasionally sustained considerable damage 3 and it appears from measurements repeated for a series of years, that the sea gains from the land an average of three yards annually. The LIVING is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £4. 7. 11., and in the patronage of the Lord Chancellor, with a net income of £149 j impro- priator, B. O. Mitford, Esq. The tithes for the town- ship of Atwick were commuted for 26a. 3r. of land and a money payment of £15, under an act in 1769 3 and P A U C K A U C K under the recent act, the remaining tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £210. 11., ot which £107 for the hamlet of Arram are not payable when in the hands of the owner, having been the property of the dissolved abbey of Meaux, and therefore exempt. The church formerly belonged to the priory of St. Mary, Bridlington^ to which it was granted by the family of de Roos in the 12th century 5 it is situated at the ex- treme end of the village, upon rather elevated ground, and consists of a nave and chancel, with a small square embattled tower of brick, which last was rebuilt in 1829. The present vicar has built, under Gilbert’s act, a neat and commodious vicarage-house, aided by £200 from Queen Anne’s Bounty, and a benefaction of similar amount from C. Druce, Esq., of Dulwich. A school has an endowment of £35 per annum, arising from lands bequeathed by Edward Fenwick, in 1 689 } and Ralph Burton, in 17^6, left £18 per annum, part of which is appropriated to the instruction of girls. In the centre of the village stands a rude stone cross of great antiquity, with a Latin inscription upon its base, now nearly defaced ; and near the church is ground bearing evidence of having been the site of a religious house j also a series of fish-ponds, and a holy well,” the water of which is inexhaustible, and of the greatest purity. ATWORTH, a chapelry, in the parish of Great Bradford, union and hundred of Bradford, Westbury and N. divisions and Trowbridge and Bradford sub- divisions of Wilts, 4 miles (N. E. by N.) from Bradford 3 containing 824 inhabitants. The chapel, with the ex- ception of the tower, was rebuilt a few years since. AUBORN (St, Peter), a parish, in the Lower division of the wapentake of Boothby-Graffo, parts of Kesteven, union and county of Lincoln, 6|. miles (S. W. by S.) from Lincoln 3 containing, with a part of the township of Haddington, 436 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 13. 10. 3 net income, £54 ; patron, Rev. H. Neville. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. £9 per annum, arising from a bequest of Sir Christopher Neville, are distributed among the poor. AUBURN, county of York.— See Fraisthorte. AUCKLAND (St, Andrew), a parish, in the union of Auckland, partly in the S. E., but chiefly in the N. W., division of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Durham 3 the S. E. portion including the townships of Byers -Green, Coundon- Grange, Eldon, Middlestone, Midridge, Midridge- Grange, Old-Park, Westerton, and Windleston3 and the N. W. portion including the market-town of Bishop-Auckland, the chapelries of St. Helen- Auckland and Hamsterley, and the townships of St. Andrew- Auckland, West_3AR*J^Rd, North and South Bedburn, Barony, Binchester, Coundon, Evenwood, Hunwick with Helmington, Lynesack with Softley, Newfield, Newton-Cap, Pollard’s Lands, Shildon, and East Thickley 3 the whole containing 19,100 in- habitants, of whom 1367 are in the township of St. Andrew-Auckland, 1 mile (S.) from Bishop-Auckland. This extensive parish comprises by computation 11,195 acres, and contains numerous townships, in six of which are considerable villages 3 it abounds with coal and limestone, and its surface is highly varied. The Stockton and Darlington railroad passes through it 3 and in 1837 an act was obtained for constructing the Bishop-Auck- land and Weardale railway, which branches from the 106 Stockton and Darlington at Shildon, and passes within a quarter of a mile of Bishop-Auckland, which see. The LIVING is a perpetual curacy, with the chapelry of St. Anne 3 net income, about £550, nearly half of which arises from a bequest by the late Bishop Barring- ton 3 patron. Bishop of Durham 3 impropriators. Land- owners of the parish. The tithes attached to the living have been commuted for a rent- charge of £46. 10. 3 and there is a glebe valued at £117 per annum. The church, a spacious cruciform structure, was made collegiate for the secular canons ejected by Bishop Carileph from his cathedral of Durham, in 1082 3 and in 1292 was endowed by Bishop Beck for a dean and nine prebendaries : three or four additional prebends were founded by Bishop Langley, in 1428. At the dissolution, the deanery was valued at £100. 7- 2., and the prebends at £79- 16. 8. : the dean’s house and some of the prebendal houses have been converted into residences for farmers. There are a chapel of ease at Bishop-Auckland 3 a district church lately consecrated at Coundon 3 another, also lately con- secrated, in the newly-assigned district of Etherley ; and a third just erected by subscription at Byers- Green : and there are places of worship for Independents, Ran- ters, and the Society of Friends. A free grammar school was founded by charter of James I., and in the parish are national schools for boys and girls. The poor law union of Auckland comprises 33 parishes and places, and contains a population of 21,979- AUCKLAND (St, Helen), a chapelry, in the parish of St. Andrew-Auckland, union of Auckland, N. W. division of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Durham, 3 miles (S. S. W.) from Bishop-Auckland 3 containing in the township of St. Helen-x4uckland (which constitutes only a small portion of the chapelry), 720 inhabitants. At this place is the terminus of the Stock- ton and Darlington railway for passengers, the remaining portion of the line being confined to the transmission of the coal waggons. At the St. Helen’s colliery numerous ovens are employed in the manufacture of coke for the use of the engines on the line. Large quantities of coal are sent by the railway from the mines in the neigh- bourhood to be shipped at Stockton and Middlesborough on the Tees. The living is a perpetual curacy, valued in the king’s books at £13. 9- 4., and in the gift of the Bishop of Durham : the net income, previously £138, was augmented by the late bishop. Dr. Van Mildert. The impropriate tithes, belonging to the landowners, have been commuted for a rent- charge of £119- 1- 6., and those of the perpetual curate for one of £6. 7- 3 and there is a glebe of 23 acres. AUCKLAND, BISHOP, a market-town and chapelry, in the parish of St. Andrew-Auckland, union of Auckland, N. ^V. division of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Durham, 10 J miles (S; W.) from Durham, and 252 (N. by W.) from London 3 con- taining 3776 inhabitants. This place, in common with others in the immediate vicinity, derives its name from the great number of oak trees that formerly grew in the neighbourhood, and its prefix from an episcopal palace, in which the bishops of the diocese, who are lords of the manor, occasionally reside. The town, which is in the centre of the parish, is pleasantly situated on a con- siderable eminence, near the confluence of the rivers Gaunless and Wear, in a fertile district, abounding with coal and limestone, and remarkable for the salubrity of A U C K A UD L the air : the streets are badly paved, but the houses are well built, and the inhabitants are plentifully supplied with water. The palace, originally erected in the reign of Edward I. by Bishop Anthony Beck, and subsequently enlarged, was much injured by Sir Arthur Haslerigg, to whom it was sold by the Parliamentary Commissioners, but after the Restoration it was repaired by Bishop Cosins : it stands in a beautiful park to the north-east of the town, and is a spacious structure, surrounded with plantations and pleasure-grounds watered by the Gaunless. The chapel attached to the palace is a fine edifice, in the early and decorated styles, and was built originally by Bishop Beck, and repaired, about 1660, by Bishop Cosins, whose remains are deposited in it. The market is on Thursday ; and the fairs are in March and October, but on no fixed day. The Bishop-Auckland and Weardale railway, constructed chiefly for the con- veyance of coal, and a few passengers, branches off from the Stockton and Darlington railway at Shildon, to con- nect that line with the Witton Park colliery, and passes near the town 3 it takes a course of eight miles, and terminates by a short branch in the township of Crook. It passes over numerous embankments and bridges in its progress, and through several tunnels, and various roads are carried over it by bridges : the embankment at Holdforth alone cost £11,000, and the line was com- pleted at an expense of £96,000, of which £7^,000 were raised in original shares, and the remainder by loan. The county magistrates hold petty-sessions monthly 3 and courts leet and baron are held annually, at the former of which a bailiff and other officers are ap- pointed. The LIVING is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Bishop of Durham : the chapel, dedicated to St. Anne, is small, and very inadequate to the purposes for which it was designed. There are places of worship for the Society of Friends, Independents, and Wesleyans. The free grammar school was founded by James I., and is endowed with land, a house and garden for the master, and a rent-charge, producing an income of about £60 per annum 3 the management is vested in twelve governors, who are a body corporate, and have a common seal : the schoolroom, over which is St. Anne’s chapel, was rebuilt in 1783. A school for twenty boys was founded by Mr. Walton, in 1772. A central school on Dr. Bell’s system, for 200 children, was esta- blished in 1810, by Bishop Barrington, who also founded a school of industry for girls, in 1815 : there are apart- ments for the master and usher, and for a housekeeper and female servant, also accommodation for persons admitted to learn the duties of schoolmasters on the national system 3 about thirty of the boys are clothed, and the average annual expenditure amounts tp £367. Almshouses for two men and two women were founded and endowed by Bishop Cosins, in the reign of Charles II. 3 the inmates are clothed every third year, and re- ceive an allowance of about £15 per annum each. AUCKLAND, WEST, a township, in the parish of St. Andrew- Auckland, union of Auckland, N. W. division of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Durham, 3§ miles (S. W. by S.) from Bishop-Auck- land 3 containing 2310 inhabitants. This place is situ- ated at the junction of the high road from Durham to Barnard Castle with that from Darlington to Wolsing- ham 3 the river Gaunless winds in a devious course 107 through the township, and the railway from Stockton to Witton Park extends along its eastern extremity, and has a principal station near the village. A court leet, for the recovery of debts under 40^. is held twice a-year. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and a free school, founded by Mrs. Margaret Hubback in 1798, is endowed with about £30 per annum, and conducted on the national plan. The place gives the title of Baron to the family of Eden, who formerly resided here : the estates now belong to Sir R. J. Eden, Bart. AUDEN SHAW, a division, in the parish and union of Ashton-under-Line, hundred of Salford, S. divi- sion of the' county of Lancaster, 5 miles (E. by S.) from Manchester 3 comprising the villages of Auden- shaw, Hooleyhill, Littlemoss, North-street, Walkmill, and Woodhouses, and containing 5374 inhabitants. The name of this place, in ancient documents written Ald- winshagh, is said to be derived from the Saxon Aldwin, an elder or chieftain, and Shagh, a wood. It is sup- posed to have belonged, prior to the Conquest, to some Saxon thane, whose residence was on or near the site of the present village, which exhibits appearances of earlier cultivation than the surrounding district, the latter con- sisting mostly of woods and morasses. A small hamlet in the division 'derives its name of Danehead from its situation at the head of an extensive valley called the Danes,” probably from some battle which took place there between that people and the Saxons : it is tra- versed by a stream which falls into the river Mersey. The Ashton-under-Line canal passes through the divi- sion, and a large reservoir has been constructed here for supplying the town of Manchester with water. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in the various branches of the hat manufacture, and in weaving. There is a place of worship for Methodists of the New Connexion, A parochial school was founded about the year 1745, and endowed by Miles Hilton with two estates in the parish of Manchester, producing £40 per annum 3 the schoolroom, with a large house for the master, was erected at an expense of nearly £1000, defrayed partly by subscription, and partly by the appropriation of the income arising from the endowment. AUDLEBY, a hamlet, in the parish and union of Caistor, S. division of the wapentake of Yarborough, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln 3 containing 28 inhabitants. AUDLEM (St, James) j a parish, partly in the union of Drayton, but chiefly in that of Nantwich, hundred of Nantwich, S. division of the county of Chester 3 comprising the townships of Audlem, Buerton, 'Hanke- low, and Tittenley, and part of Dodcot cum Wilkesley 3 and containing 2827 inhabitants, of whom 1621 are in the township of Audlem, 6‘ miles (S.) from Nantwich. A grant of a weekly market, and a fair on the eve, day, and morrow of St. James the Apostle, was obtained in the 24th of Edward I., both which, after long disuse, were revived a few years since. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. I6. 8., and in the patronage of Sir R. S. Cotton, Bart. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists. A free grammar school was endowed about the middle of the seventeenth century, by Mr. Ralph Bolton, wdth £20 per annum, and a similar sum arising from a bequest of Mr. Thomas Gammuli, both of London 3 £40 were also given for its benefit by the Rev. William Evans. There is likewise P2 A U G H A U K L a preparatory English school for younger boys and girls, endowed by Tryphena, the widow of Mr. Ralph Bolton, of Hankelow, with a modus of the tithe of hay, and a house and half an acre of land ; and a school for girls, commenced in 1833, is supported by Miss War- burton. AUDLEY (St. Ja 31 es), a parish, in the union of Newcastle-under-Ltne, N. division of the hundred of PiREHTLL, and of the county of Stafford, 5 miles (N. W.) from Newcastle 5 containing 4474 inhabitants, and consisting of the townships'of Audley, Bignall End, Eardley-End, Halmer-End, Knowl-End, Park-End, and Talk-o’-th’-Hill. This place was originally given by Hervey de Stafford to the barons of Aldeleigh,’or Audley, who erected the baronial residence called Heyley Castle, of which there are still some remains, occupying the summit of a steep rock near the south-western boundary of the parish, and commanding extensive views over the surrounding country. The parish, which comprises up- wards of 1^00 acres, and is almost entirely appropriated to dairy farming, abounds with excellent iron-stone and coal, the latter of which is sent in large quantities by the Trent and Mersey canal to Cheshire, and to other parts. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at 13. 4. : the vicarial tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £430, and the impro- priate, belonging to iGeorge Toilet, Esq., the patron, for one of £664. The church is in the early style of English architecture, with an embattled tower crowned with pinnacles. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. The free grammar school, founded in 162^2 by Edward Vernon, Esq., has an endowment in land producing £125. 18. per annum .3 and a free school at Talk-o’-th’- Hill, in which writing and arithmetic are taught, is en- dowed with land yielding a rent of £13. A national school has also been erected. Near the village are ves- tiges of an intrenchment, and on the western boundary of the parish are situated, on a lofty rock, the remains of the ancient and strong castle of Heyley, or Heleigh, the ascent to which, on the south side, is more than 100 yards in height. Audley gives the title of Baron to the family of Touchet, AUGHTON, a chapelry, in the parish of Halton, hundred of Lonsdale, south of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaste.r ; containing 134 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual .curacy 5 net income, £140 ; patron. Rector of Halton 3 impropriators. Rector of Halton, Vicar of Lancaster, and R. E. Bradshaw, Esq. The chapel is dedicated to St. George. AUGHTON (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Ormskirk, hundred of West Derby, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 2 miles (S. W.) from Orms- kirk ; containing 1560 inhabitants. It comprises 3943a. 14p., and is intersected by the Liverpool and Wigan canal. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14. 15. 5. 3 net income, £676 3 patron, John Plumbe Tempest, Esq. The tithes were commuted, under an inclosure act, for 35 acres of land, and the glebe comprises acres. The church is an ancient building, with a steeple in the centre. There are two Roman Catholic chapels. AUGHTON (All Souls), a parish, partly in the union of Howden, and partly in that of Pocklington, Holme Beacon division of the wapentake of Harthill, E. riding of York 3 containing, with the chapelry of 108 East Cottingwith and the township of Laytham, 634 inhabitants, of whom 217 are in the township of Augh- ton, 85 miles (N. N. W.) from Howden. The parish is situated on the left bank of the navigable river Derwent, and presents a tolerably level surface. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king's books at £4 3 net income, £90, with a glebe-house, erected in 1839 by the Rev. John Earle, incumbent 5 patron, James Fletcher, Esq. The church, of which the chancel was rebuilt in 1839, has a low embattled tower, built by Christopher, son of the unfortunate Robert Aske, who was beheaded and hung in chains at York in the reign of Henry VIII., 1537, as a principal in the insurrection called the Pil- grimage of Grace,” occasioned by the suppression of the monasteries. On the chancel floor is a fine brass slab, on which are graven the effigies of Richard Aske and his lady, who died in the fifteenth century. There is a parochial school, established by the Rev. J. Earle. Near the east bank of the river Derwent, the moats and trenches of an ancient castle are still visible 3 and in the vicinity of the church is a large mound of earth, cele- brated as the site of the castellated mansion of the Aske family. AUGHTON, a township, in the parish of Aston, union of Rotherham, S. division of the wapentake of Strafforth and Tickhill, W. riding of York, 8 miles (E.) from Sheffield 3 containing 108 inhabitants. This place, called in Domesday book Actone, Hactone, and Hacstone, was formerly the residence of the family of West, of whom was Sir William West, a soldier in the army of Henry VIII., and who had, in reward for his services, beneficial grants of abbey lands : the family resided here till the latter end of the reign of Elizabeth. The township, which is situated on the Rotherham and Mansfield road, is separated from the county of Derby by the river Rother 3 the surface is varied, and the scenery pleasingly diversified : coal is found, and there is a mine at present in operation. The North-Midland railway passes through the township. Aughton Hall, the seat of Robert C. Hoyle, Esq., is a handsome residence. There are places of worship for Independents and Wesleyans, the latter built in 1843, on a site given by Mr. Hoyle. AUKBOROUGH (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Glandford-Brigg, N. division of the wapentake of Manley, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, lOj miles (W.) from Barton-upon-Humber 3 containing, with the hamlet of Walcot, 528 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, with the rectory of Whitton united, valued in the king’s books at £163 net income, £209 ; patrons. Bishop of Lincoln and M. Constable, Esq., the latter' of whom is impropriator and lord of the manor. The vicarial tithes of Aukborough have been commuted for a rent-charge of £12. 2. 4., and the incumbent has also a glebe of 53 acres. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A free school is endowed with £16. 13.4. per annum ; and there are also other schools, partly supported by Mr. Constable. An almshouse, containing ten rooms, is occupied by ten poor persons 5 and a rent -charge of £2 has been assigned on the inclosure, * between the parish clerk and the poor. The place is thought by Dr. Stukeley to have been the Arquis of the geographer of Ravennas. AUKLEY, a township, in the parish of Finning- ley, union of Doncaster, partly in the Hatfield divi- sion of the wapentake of Bassetlaw, N. division of the A U S T A U S T county of Nottingham, and partly in the soke of Don- caster, W. riding of the county of York, 6^ miles (N.) from Bavvtry 5 containing 418 inhabitants. This town- ship comprises about 2391 acres, of which 827 are in the Nottinghamshire portion. In 1838, a chapel of ease was erected at a cost of £700, containing 250 sittings 5 and there is a place of worship for Wesleyans. AULT-HUCKNALL, a parish, in the union of Mansfield, hundred ofScARSDALE, N. division of the county of Derby, miles (N. W. by W.) from Mans- field j containing, with the hamlets of Rowthorne and Stainsby, 678 inhabitants, and comprising by measure- ment 4285 acres. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 0. 5. 5 patron and impropriator, Duke of Devonshire. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £105, and there are more than 27 acres of glebe j the impropriate tithes have been commuted for £34. At Hardwicke, in the parish, is a school, towards the support of which Thomas Whitehead, in 1729, bequeathed a house and land producing £23. 15. per annum 3 it is also endowed with property in the parish of Edensor. AULTON, county of Derby. — See Allton. AUNSBY {St, Thomas a Becket), a parish, in the union of Sleaford, wapentake of Aswardhurn, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 5 miles (N. W. by W.) from Falkingharn 3 containing II 7 inhabitants. It is situated on the. road from Lincoln to London, and comprises 1089 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 6 . 0 . 7 ^*, and in the patronage of J. A. Houblon, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £249, and there are about 11 acres of glebe and a glebe-house. The church, which is in the early English style, is a small edifice, having in the windows some remains of beautifully stained glass : the font also has some remarkable ornaments. AUST, a chapelry, in the parish of Henbury, union of Thornbury, Upper division of the hundred of Hen- bury, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 4:^ miles (W. S. W.) from Thornbury 3 containing 191 in- habitants. This place derived its name, anciently Austre Clive, signifying “ the southern cliffs,” from its situation on the south bank of the Severn, among bold and lofty cliffs projecting into the river, which is here two miles in breadth. About half a mile below the village, which is surrounded by salt marshes, and immediately opposite to the estuary formed by the junction of the Severn and the Wye, is the ferry called the Old Passage, supposed to have been the site of the ancient Vectis of the Romans. Alabaster is procured in great quantities 3 and those rare minerals, the sulphate and carbonate of strontian, are found in the cliffs which line the banks of the Severn, and which abound with various fossil remains. The chapel is in the ancient English style. The place is distinguished as having been the residence of Wycliffe, the celebrated reformer. AUSTELL, ST. {The Holy Trinity), a market- town, parish, and the head of a union, in the E. division of the hundred of Powder and of the county of Corn- wall, 34 miles (S. W.) from Launceston, and 252 (W. S. W.) from London 3 containing 10,320 inhabit- ants. This place, in the reign of Henry VIII., w-as an obscure village, and first rose into importance from its vicinity to Polgooth and other considerable mines. In the civil war, the town, in which part of the army 109 under the Earl of Essex had been quartered, was taken by Charles I. a short time prior to the capitulation of the parliamentarians near Lostwithiel, in l644. In I 76 O the great road from Plymouth to the Land’s End was brought through this place, which is now a considera- ble thoroughfare. The town is pleasantly situated in a well-cultivated district, on the south side of a hill slop- ing gradually to a small stream 3 the streets are paved, and lighted with gas, and the inhabitants are well sup- plied with water. The trade principally consists of the produce of its numerous mines of tin and copper, and in china-stone and clay of a very superior quality, which are found here in great abundance 3 the manufacture of coarse woollen cloth is also carried on to a small extent. The mines in the vicinity are exceedingly productive, and, from the improved manner of working them, promise continued prosperity to the town, the popula- tion of which has been trebled within the last twenty years. The parish comprises about 11,000 acres: freestone of excellent quality abounds 3 and near the harbour of Pentewan is a very extensive quarry, from which have been raised materials for the erection of many churches and mansions in the county. Several harbours have been formed in different parts. Many vessels are engaged in the importation of coal from Wales, for the use of the mines, and in the exportation of copper- ore for smelting, and of china- stone and clay to the different potteries, and for the use of linen- bleachers. The principal part of the grain tin produced in Cornwall is obtained here, and blowing-houses for melting it have been erected near the town. A consi- derable pilchard fishery is also carried on, in which many boats, fitted out from the different harbours, are employed. The market, which is considerable for corn ami provisions, is on Friday 3 and there are fairs on the Thursday next after Palm- Sunday, the Thurs- day after Whit-Sunday, the nearest Friday to July 23rd, and on Nov. 30th. In 1842 an act was ob- tained for providing a new market-place, removing the old market-house, erecting a new one, and regulating the markets and fairs. The town is within the jurisdic- tion of the county magistrates, by whom constables and other officers are appointed 3 and the Blackmore, the most considerable of the stannary courts, is held here. The living is a vicarage, with that of St. Blazey an- nexed, valued in the king’s books at £ 21 , and in the pa- tronage of the Crown 3 impropriators, Miss Rashleigh, and J. B. Tremayne, Esq. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £537. 16 ., and the glebe comprises about an acre, with a large garden. The church combines various styles of English ajrchitecture, and has a very handsome tower richly ornamented with sculpture. There are places of worship for Baptists, Bryanites, Calvinists, the Society of Friends, Primitive and Wes- leyan Methodists, Warrenites, and Plymouth Brethren 3 and a national school has been erected. The poor law union of St. Austell comprises fifteen parishes and places, and contains a population of 31,417. At Menacuddle and Towan, in the parish, are baptismal wells, over which are ancient buildings in the early English style, covered with arched roofs of granite. In one of the celebrated tin stream -works of Pentewan, the bones of men, of oxen of enormous size, of a whale, and of animals now unknown, have been found. A U S T A V E B AUSTERFIELD, a chapelry, in the parish of Blyth, union of Doncaster, N. division of the wapentake of Strafforth and Tickhill, W. riding of York, ij mile (N. N. E.) from Bawtry j containing 314 inhabit- ants. This place is in Domesday book called Oustre- field, and derives its name probably from some old form of the cardinal point of the compass, east 5 thouglr it is said by some to be derived from the Roman general Ostorius, who was defeated here by the Britons. It has been the property of the families of Busli, Vipont, De Spenser, and Neville, from whom it passed to the crown 5 and has since descended, with Bawtry, to the present owner. The township comprises 2710 acres, including the hamlet of Brancroft and Finningley Park. The chapelry is a curacy annexed to Bawtry : the small tithes for the common were commuted for land in 1765. AUSTERSON, a township, iri the parish of Acton, union and hundred of Nantwich, S. division of the county of Chester j containing 55 inhabitants. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £20. 3. 5., and the impropriate for one of £Q1. 12. AUSTHORPE, a township, in the parishes of Whit- kirk and Gartforth, Lower division of the wapentake of Skyrack, W. riding of York, 3^ miles (E.) from Leeds 3 containing 173 inhabitants. It is situated near the railway and turnpike-road from Leeds to Selby. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £150. 6., payable to Trinity College, Cambridge, and the vicarial for one of £6. 19. ; and there is also a glebe of about 2^ acres. John Smeaton, distinguished as a civil engineer, and who rebuilt the Eddystone lighthouse, was born here in 1724. AUSTH WAITE, with Birker, a township, in the parish of Millom, union of Bootle, Allerdale ward above Derwent, W. division of Cumberland j contain- ing 105 inhabitants. It is situated on the south side of the river Esk, and contains the lake Devockwater, and the waterfalls of Birker Force and Stanley Gill. The inhabitants marry, bury, &c. at the chapel of Eskdale. AUSTONLEY, a township, in the parish of Al- mondbury, union of Huddersfield, Upper division of the wapentake of Agbrigg, W. riding of York, 7 miles (S. S. W.) from Huddersfield 3 containing 1940 inhabit- ants, who are mostly engaged in the manufacture of woollen cloth, for which there are numerous mills. The district comprises 321 9«. 2r. 12/)., and consists of a deep valley, and large tracts of mountain and moor. A dis- trict church, dedicated to St. David, was erected at a cost of about £2500 at Holme-bridge, by subscription, in 1828, for the accommodation of the inhabitants of this township and Holme. A parsonage-house is in course of erection 5 and a school has recently been built. AUSTREY (St, Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Tamworth, Tamworth division of the hundred of Hemlingford, N. division of the county of Warwick, 6 miles (E. N. E.) from Tamworth 5 containing 479 in- habitants. The parish is situated in the northern part of the county, on the border of Leicestershire, which bounds it on the east 3 and consists of 2080 acres. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8, and in the patronage of the Crown 3 net income, £162. A school is endowed with the interest of £150, bequeathed by the late Miss Toon, and is also supported, partly by the trustees of a charity for apprenticing boys and other purposes, and partly by subscription. no AUSTWICK, a township, in the parish of Clapham, union of Settle, W. division of the wapentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 4 miles (N. W.) from Settle 3 containing 599 inhabitants. This place, in the Domesday survey Oustewio,” belonged in the reign of Henry V. to John de Harrington, on whose death without issue it passed to his brother, and was by him conveyed to Sir Arthur D’Arcy, who, in 1547, sold it to John Redmayne. The manor, in 1551, became the property of the Duke of Suffolk, from whom it passed to Sir John Yorke, who, in 1559, sold it to Sir Richard Shuttle worth, in whose family it remained till 1782, when it was purchased by the late James Farrer, ^ Esq., father of the present proprietor. The township, which includes the hamlet of Wharfe, and part of that of Feizor, is situated beneath the shelter of a rocky and precipitous projection of the Ingleborough mountain 3 and comprises by computation 5400 acres, a considerable portion of which is freehold, and leasehold on long leases 3 the lands are chiefly in pasture, and the population is partly employed in agriculture,- and partly in the weaving of cotton. The village is neatly built, and a fair for cattle is held on the Thursday before Whitsuntide, and is generally well attended. A chapel of ease was erected in 1840, at the expense of Charles Ingleby, Esq. and his sister, the late Miss E. A. Ingleby, and is a neat struc- ture, containing 370 sittings, of which 70 are free 3 the living is held with the vicarage of Clapham, and endowed by the principal proprietors with £44 per annum, since increased by a bequest from Miss Ingleby of £26 per annum. Attached to the church are a good glebe- house and a Sunday schoolroom, erected by the founders. Lawrence Banks, in the reign of James I., bequeathed lands now producing £12 per annum, of which one moiety was appropriated to the poor of this township in conjunction with those of Clapham, Newby, and Lawkland. Isabella Sherburne, in 1693, left £45 to the poor of the place, for which, with some smaller bequests, £4. 15. 6. is paid as interest by the overseers 3 and in 1818, Elizabeth Ingleby bequeathed £10 per annum to the poor, charged on the estate of Charles Ingleby, Esq., by whom it is distributed among them. Richard Green, Esq., in 1750, left £50 to the poor, and Thomas Green, Esq. a rent-charge of £3 to the school- master for instructing six children 3 and Ann Hargreave also bequeathed £3 per annum, for teaching three chil- dren. AUTHORPE {St. Margarfjt), a parish, in the union of Louth, Wold division of the hundred of Louth-Eske, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 6f miles (N. W.) from Alford 3 containing 1 17 inhabitants. It comprises 921a. Ir. 13p., including roads 3 the substratum is a chalk rock of good quality, which is burnt into lime. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 13. 4., and in the patronage of Robert Vyner, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £158, and there are 29 acres of glebe. The church is an ancient structure. There is a place of worship for W^esleyans. £5. 10. per annum are paid to the rector for charitable uses from Taylor’s charity. AYEBURY (St. James), a parish, in the union of Marlborough, hundred of Selkley, Marlborough and Ramsbury, and N. divisions of Wilts, 6|- miles (W. by S.) from Marlborough 3 containing, with the ty things of Beckhampton and Rennet, 75 1 inhabitants. This parish. A V EN A V I N in which the river Rennet has its source, comprises about 4641 acres 5 the soil is a light earth, resting on chalk, and the surface undulated. The village is built on a portion of the area anciently occupied by a stu- pendous monument, called Abury, supposed to have been constructed by the Britons, for the purposes of religious worship or national assemblies. It consisted of an extensive ditch and rampart, including double circles of large unhewn stones, man}^ of which have been broken, and used as materials for building the houses in the village, and for other purposes. In the vicinity are several barrows, and among them the very large and remarkable one, close to the turnpike-road, called Silbury hill, which covers an area of five acres and thirty-four perches, and exceeds in dimensions every similar work in Great Britain, being 9,027 feet in cir- cumference at the base, and 120 at the summit ; its sloping height, 3l6 feet, and its perpendicular height, 170 feet. Within a short distance of this are remark- able stones, termed the Grey Wethers, and about a mile north of the village is a cromlech. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, to which that ofWihterbourne-Monk- ton was united in 1747, valued in the king’s books at £9 ; net income, £178 ; patron, the Crown j impropriators, the family of Hopkins. The glebe consists of 16 acres. The church is of Norman architecture. In 1722, Susannah Holford bequeathed £200, directing the interest to.be applied to the instruction of children. An alien priory, dependent on the Benedictine abbey of Bocherville, in Normandy, was founded here in the reign of Henry I. Robert of Avebury, who wrote a history of Edward HI., is supposed to have been a native of the place. AVELEY (St. Michael), a parish (formerly a market-town), in the union of Orsett, hundred of Chafford, S. division of Essex, If mile (N. E.) from Purfleet, and 7 miles (S. S. E.) from Romford 5 contain- ing 849 inhabitants. This parish, which comprises by computation 2615 acres, is separated from that of West Thurrock by the creek Marditch. The village, though now small, was formerly a market-town of some im- portance. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £14. 10. 5. 5 patron. Bishop of London 3 appropriators, Dean and Chapter of St. Paul’s. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £453. 15., and the vicarial for £327 j the appropriate glebe consists of 30 acres, and there is one acre of vicarial glebe. The church is an ancient edifice, with a square tower of flint and stone, formerly surmounted by a lofty spire, which was blown down in 1703. An en- dowed almshouse, originally founded by Lord Newburgh in 1639, was rebuilt in 1745, by Lord Dacre 5 and a farm in the parish is charged with an annual payment of £6, divided among the poor. AVENBURY (St. Maby), a parish, in the union of Bromyard, hundred of Broxash, county of Hereford, 1^ mile (S. E.) from Bromyard ; containing 382 inha- bitants. The parish is intersected from north to south by the river Frome, and also by the road from Bromyard to Ledbury, and comprises 3178 acres, including about 200 acres of hop grounds ; a small portion of limestone is found within its limits. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 8. 9. 5 net income, £49 ; patron, the Crown 3 impropriator, E. Higginson, Esq., whose tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £422. 15., and who has a glebe of 60| acres. Ill The church and its large endowments were anciently attached to the abbey of Dore. AVENING {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Stroud, hundred of Longtree, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 3 miles (N.) from Tetbury; containing 2227 inhabitants. It has lately been made a polling-place for the eastern division of the county. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £24, and in the patronage of the Heirs of the late Dr. Brooke : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £760, and the glebe comprises 104 acres. The church is supposed to have been built by the abbess of Caen, in Normandy, to whom the manor belonged till the suppression of alien priories, in the reign of Henry V. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists 3 also an endowed school in which six boys are clothed and educated. AVERHAM (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Southwell, N. division of the wapentake of Thur- GARTON, S. division of the county of Nottingham, 3j miles (W. by N.) from Newark 3 containing, with the towmship of Staythorpe, 264 inhabitants. This place suffered from the hostilities of the contending parties during the parliamentary war in the reign of Charles I., and at the time of the siege of Newark many skirmishes occurred here 5 in 1644, the ancient manor- house, then belonging to Robert Sutton, Lord Lexing- ton and Baron of Averham, and which had been the residence of the family from 1250, was destroyed. The parish comprises by measurement 2011 acres of fertile land 3 it is situated on the river Trent, and is inter- sected by the road from Newark to Southwell and Mansfield 3 the scenery is pleasing, and the village, with the church, which is on the margin of the river, forms a beautiful object in the landscape. The living is a rectory, with that of Kelham annexed in 1755> valued in the king’s books at £203 patron, J. H. M. Sutton, Esq. The tithes of Averham have been commuted for a rent-charge of £787, and the glebe comprises nearly 58 acres. The church is a very handsome structure, in the early English style, with a square embattled tower, built by Sir Thomas Sutton in 1495. There are some remains of a Roman camp and a watch-tow^er on Michael Barrow hill. AVETON-GIFFORD (^St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Kingsbridge, hundred of Ermington, Ermington and Plympton, and S. divisions of Devon, 3:^ miles (S. E.) from Modbury 3 containing 1057 in- habitants. It is situated on the river Avon, which is navigable to the English Channel, and over which is a bridge, on the road leading to South Enford. The lords of the manor had formerly the power of inflicting capital punishment. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £38. 1. 8. 3 net income, £5863 patron, James Pitman, Esq. The church is an ancient structure, in the early style of English architecture, with later additions. AVILLE, a hamlet, in the parish of Dunster, union of Williton, hundred of Carhampton, W, division of Somerset 3 containing 17 inhabitants. AVINGTON, a parish, in the union of Hunger- ford, hundred of Kintbury-Eagle, county of Berks, 2 miles (E. by S.) from Hungerford 3 containing 93 in- habitants, and comprising 1143a. Ir. 3p. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8, and in the A W N B A X B R patronage of Sir Francis Burdett, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £299. 10., and the glebe consists of 6 acres. The church exhibits a curious specimen of Norman architecture, having an arch separating the chancel from the nave, with an obtuse depending point in the centre : the font, which is also of Norman design, is adorned with sculptured figures under arches. AVINGTON {St. Mary), a parish, in the hundred of Fawley, Winchester and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 4^ miles (N. E. by E.) from Win- chester ; containing 204 inhabitants. Avington House, the mansion of the Duke of Buckingham, is situated near the bank of the river Itchen, in a demesne taste- fully laid out : near the house are some fine old trees, and the sloping grounds behind it are embellished with thriving plantations. Charles II., while engaged in his projected palace at Winchester, spent much of his time here. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 11. 10^., and in the patronage of the Bishop of Winchester : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £264. 13. 6., and the glebe comprises about 25 acres. A school is supported by the Duchess of Buckingham. AVON, a tything, in the parish of Sopley, union and hundred of Christchurch, Ringwood and S. divisions of Hants 3 containing 207 inhabitants. AVON, a hamlet, in the parish of Stratford- under-the-Castle, union of Alderbury, hundred of Underditch, Salisbury and Amesbury, and S. divisions of Wilts 5 containing 23 inhabitants. AVON, a tything, in the parish of Christian- Malford, union and hundred of Chippenham, Chip- penham and Caine, and N. divisions of Wilts, 3 miles (N. E.) from Chippenham 3 containing 76 in- habitants. AVON-DASSET.— See Dasset, Avon. AWBRIDGE, a hamlet, in the parish of Mitchel- MERSH, union of Romsey, hundred of Buddlesgate, Romsey and S. divisions of the county of Southampton 3 containing 345 inhabitants. AWLISCOMBE {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Honiton, hundred of Hemyock, Honiton and N. divisions of Devon, 2 miles (W. by N.) from Honi- ton 3 containing 590 inhabitants. It comprises 2127 acres by measurement, and is bounded by the river Otter on the south 3 the surface is hilly, and the soil in general a rich productive marl, chiefly laid out in pasture. The living, wdiich before the Dissolution was attached to the abbey at Tavistock, is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £12. 10. 10. 3 patron, Duke of Bedford 3 impropriators, the family of Drewe. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £200, and £170 are paid to the trustees of Kelland’s charity 3 the glebe consists of 30 acres, with a house. The church, which is in the later English style, was erected about the time of Henry VI., and has a handsome stone screen, and a magnificent window, finely ornamented : it is in excellent order, having been repaired in 1838, at an expense of nearly £500. There are two schools, supported by subscription. The re- mains of a large encampment, supposed to be Roman, called Hembury fort, are in the parish. AWNBY, with Holywell, a chapelry, in the parish of Bytham-Castle, union of Bourne, w^apen- 112 take of Beltisloe, parts of Kesteven, county of Lin- coln, 5 miles (N. by W.) from Stamford 3 containing 98 inhabitants. The tithes and moduses were commuted for land and a money payment, in 1801. AW RE {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Westbury, hundred of Bledisloe, W. division of the county of Gloucester 3 containing, with Blakeney, a post-town in the parish, and the tythings of Aw re, Bledisloe, Hagloe, and Etloe, 1277 inhabitants. This parish, which is intersected by the road from Gloucester to Chepstow, forms a promontory of the river Severn, and comprises 4082 acres by admeasurement 3 the port of Gatcornb, and a town named Pomerton once included within it, do not now exist. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10. 5,, and in the pa- tronage of the Haberdashers’ Company, London : the impropriate tithes belong to the company, and have been commuted for a rent-charge of £400, and the vicarial for £450. 7. 3 the glebe consists of nearly 9 acres, and there is a glebe-house recently built. Besides the paro- chial church, there is a chapel of ease at Blakeney, where are also a Baptist chapel, and a national school. In the register, it is recorded that Thomas Sternhold and John Hopkins, who collected the metrical version of the Psalms, resided in the parish. A WS WORTH, a chapelry, in the parish of Nut- hall, S. division of the wapentake of Broxtow, N. division of the county *of Nottingham, 7^ miles (N. W. by W.) from Nottingham 3 containing 294 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £1013 patron, the Rector. AXB RIDGE {St. John THE Baptist), a market- town and parish, having separate jurisdiction, and the head of a union, locally in the hundred of Winter- STOKE, E. division ofSoMER- SET, 18 miles (S. by W.) from Bristol, and 130 (W. by S.) from London 3 contain- ing 1045 inhabitants. This place, which derives its name from a bridge over the river Corporation Seal. Axe, was formerly the residence of some of the West Saxon monarchs, by whom it was invested with many privileges. The town is of mean appearance, and in- differently paved, but amply supplied with water. The chief occupation of the poorer class of inhabitants was the knitting of stockings, but that trade w^as de- stroyed by the introduction of machinery, and the prosperity of the town declined until a fresh impulse was given to it by the drainage of the adjacent levels, which so much increased the value of the property in the neighbourhood, that land which previously was reckoned worth only 2s. 6d., is now let for £5 and £6 per acre. The navigation of the river Axe also has been greatly improved by an act obtained in 1802, whereby it has been made toll-free. The market is on Saturday 3 and fairs for cattle are held on Feb. 3rd, and March 25th, and day following. Axbridge received its first charter of incorporation from Philip and Mary in 1556, but it was superseded by one granted by Elizabeth, in 1598, the defects of which were supplied by a subsequent one of James 1., A X M I A X M O and these two last have been the governing charters. The corporate body consists of a mayor, recorder, aider- man, eight capital burgesses or councillors, and an indefinite number of free burgesses 5 and a bailiff, town - clerk and prothonotary, chamberlain, and several other officers are also appointed. The corporation hold a court of quarter- sessions, a court of pie poudre during the fairs, and, as lords of the manor, a court baron once a year, generally in October. A new guildhall and market- house has been erected by the corporation, at a cost, including the improvements connected with it, of about £1800. Axbridge sent members to parliament in the 23rd of Edward I., but discontinued in the 17th of Edward III., on petition of the burgesses. The parish comprises 54 lu. 2r. SOp, of productive land; and the Mendip hill, close to the town, abounds with limestone of excellent quality for building and for burning into lime. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 4. 4., and in the patronage of the Bishop of Bath and Wells : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £62. 3., and the glebe comprises 36 acres. The church is a very ancient struc- ture, occupying an elevated situation on the north- eastern side of the town, and supposed to have been erected by one of the West Saxon monarchs, two of whose statues formerly ornamented the tower. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans. About £100 per annum, arising from lands bequeathed by different in- dividuals, are applied to the relief of the poor. The union of Axbridge comprises 38 parishes and places, and contains a population of 32,206. Near the town is a mineral spring, which has been found efficacious in chronic diseases. AXFORD, a tything, in the parish and hundred of Ramsbury, Marlborough and Ramsbury, and N. divi- sions of W ILTS, miles (E. N. E.) from Marlborough ; containing 485 inhabitants. AXMINSTER {St. Mary), a market-town and parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Axminster, Honiton and S. divisions of Devon, 25 miles (E. by N.) from Exeter, and 147 (W. S. W.) from London, on the road to Exeter ; comprising the tyth- ings of Abbey, Beerhall, Shapwick, Sm allridge, Town, Trill, Uphay, Westwater, Weycroft, and Wyke and containing 2860 inhabitants, of whom 2139 are in the town. This place, of which the name is derived from its situation near the river Axe, and from a minster founded here by King Athelstan, was, in the time of the Saxons, a town of considerable importance, and the burial-place of many of their princes. In 1644, a con- flict took place in the vicinity, between the royalists and the parliamentarians, in which Sir Richard Cholmon- deley, who commanded the former, was slain. The TOWN, which is irregularly built, is pleasantly situated on the declivity of a hill, near the confluence of the rivers Axe and Yarty, over the former of which three bridges have been erected ; it is paved, partially lighted, and amply supplied with water from several good springs. Races are held in August at Shute hill, three miles dis- tant ; and there are assemblies occasionally at the George hotel. The manufacture of carpets, which had been established for nearly a century, has been recently transferred to Wilton, and the only manufacture now carried on is that of tape. The parish produces stone of good quality for building, and for burning into lime. VoL. I. — 113 The market is on Saturday ; and fairs are held on the first Tuesday after April 25th, the first Wednesday after June 24th, and the first Wednesday after Oct. 10th. Courts leet and baron are held annually by the lord of the manor, at the former of which constables and other officers are appointed. The living is a vicarage, with Kilmington and Membury annexed, valued in the king’s books at £44. 6. 8.; net income, £975; patrons, Pre- bendaries of Warthill and Grendale in the Cathedral of York, as appropriators of the rectory, which is rated at £40. 6. 8. The tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £670, 10., payable to the prebendaries, and of £608. 13. 4., payable to the vicar. The church is an ancient structure, of various styles ; the entrance is under a fine Norman arch richly moulded ; the interior is of the early English style, with later insertions ; and the pulpit and reading-desk are curiously carved. There are places of worship for Independents, Wesley ans, and Roman Catholics. Twelve children are instructed in the parochial school, for the amount of benefactions made for that purpose. The poor law union of Axminster comprises 11 parishes and places in the county of Devon, and 6 in that of Dorset ; and contains a popula- tion of 20,585. About a mile south of the town, on the bank of the river Axe, are the remains of Newenham abbey, consisting of the chapel, kitchen, and other parts ; and, at the distance of three miles, is an intrenchment called Musbury Castle. AXMOUTH, a parish, in the union and hundred of Axminster, Honiton and S. divisions of Devon, 2|; miles (S. by E.) from Colyton ; containing, with the extra-parochial liberty of Horsedown, 645 inhabitants. This place, from the numerous traces of Roman occupa- tion on the eastern bank of the river Axe, which inter- sects the parish, is supposed to have been the Moridunum of the Romans. The manor formerly belonged to the abbey of Syon, in Middlesex, and was given at the disso- lution by Henry VHI. to his queen Catharine Parr, as part of her dower, at whose death it reverted to the crown, and Iwas granted by Edward VI., in 1552, to Walter Erie, Esq. In the year 1839, a very remarkable and extensive subsidence of the surface took place about a mile and a half from the village, on the farms of Dow- lands and Bindon, near the coast. The parish contains 37 88a. Sr. 9p., of which the surface is beautifully diver- sified with hill and dale, and is in many parts highly picturesque ; the soil on the hills is chalky, well adapted for corn and the pasturage of sheep, and that in the valleys is a strong clay and marl, and is excellent dairy land ; limestone and good building-stone are abundant. The village is situated near the mouth of the river Axe, which here falls into the English Channel ; near its in- flux a commodious harbour has been recently constructed by Richard Hallet, Esq., which is accessible to coasting vessels of 200 tons’ burthen. The living is a vicarage, endowed with one-third of the rectorial, and two-thirds of the vicarial tithes, valued in the king’s books at £22. 19. j net income, £230 ; patron, J. H. Hallet, Esq., who, with others, is impropriator of the remainder of the tithes. The glebe comprises 30 acres. The church is a very ancient Norman structure, having two Saxon arches, and a fine specimen of the zig-zag arch in the north porch, now converted into a vestry-room. On an extra-parochial estate of about 200 acres called Roos- down, in the centre of the parish, is a chapel endowed Q A YD O A YLE with certain lands from Queen Anne’s Bounty, but no duty has been performed in it within the memory of man. On Hawksdown hill is a large encampment sup- posed to be of Roman or Danish origin. AYCLIFFE {St. Acca), a parish, partly in the union of Darlington, and partly in that of Sedgefield, S. E. division of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Durham, 5 miles (N.) from Darlington 3 con- taining 1372 inhabitants, of whom 823 are in the town- ship of Great Aycliffe. This place is supposed by Spelman to have been the ancient “ Aclea,” where synods were held 'in and 789 3 and two old Saxon crosses lately discovered in the churchyard, apparently warrant that conjecture. The parish, which is situated in the southern portion of the co'unty, comprises 10,716 acres of arable and pasture land, in nearly equal portions, and of which 2134 are within the township of Great Aycliffe ; the soil is tolerably fertile, and the meadows and pas- tures are rich 3 magnesian limestone of very pure quality is found in abundance, and is extensively quarried. The village is pleasantly situated on the road from Darlington to Durham, and on the west bank of the river Skerne, on wdiich are a spinning-mill, and a mill for the manu- facture of brown paper, but not now in use. The Clarence railway intersects the parish, and a branch from the main line joins the Stockton and Darlington railway within a distance of three-quarters of a mile 3 and the Great North of England railway to Newcastle also skirts the village. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £20, and in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of Durham : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £386. 1. 8., payable to the vicar, £165. 3. 8., to the Dean and Chapter, and £238. 7* 2. to two canon- ries in the Cathedral of Durham. The church is a very ancient structure, partly in the Norman, and partly in the early English style, and contains 500 sittings, of which 70 are free 3 the old porch has been restored, several new^ windows have been inserted, and the structure has been generally repaired. There is a good Church of England school in the township, which will contain 130 scholars, and is supported by voluntary contributions. AYCLIFFE, SCHOOL, a township, in the parish of Heighington, union of Darlington, S. E. division of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Dur- ham, 7| miles (N. by W.) from Darlington 3 containing 25 inhabitants. This place, anciently called Scholacley, gave name to a resident family, of w'hom John de Scho- lacley died in 1350 3 it was a manor belonging to the Nevills, and was granted, in 1411, by Lord Nevill to Robert de Binchester, to be held of the bishop by military service, suit at the head courts of the county, and a pay- ment yearly to the Durham exchequer. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £74. 16. AYDON, a towmship, in the parish of Corbridge, union of Hexham, E. division of Tindale ward, S. division of Northumberland, 5| miles (E. by N.) from Hexham 3 containing 83 inhabitants. It is said by some to have derived its name from Aidon, which in the British language signifies awing or troop of horse, many of wdiich were stationed near the great wall. The Reed family once occupied a good house and a small estate here 3 at present several families have land in the town- ship. Lead-ore and coal exist, but in very small quan- tities. Several Roman relics have been found, including two urns, the effigy of a human being, &c. 114 AYDON- CASTLE, a towmship, in the parish of Corbridge, union of Hexham, E. division of Tindale ward, S. division of Northumberland, 6~ miles (E. by N.) from Hexham 3 containing 25 inhabitants. The castle, which gives name to the township, stands on the west side of a deep precipice, at the foot of which runs a small rivulet 3 it appears to have been of great extent and strength, and was encompassed by an outer wall, in which the loop-holes still remain. For several genera- tions Ayton belonged to the baronial family of Aydon, or Ayton, and was anciently part of the barony of Hugh de Baliol : in 1272, it was the seat of Emma de Aydon, an heiress, who intermarried with Peter de Walles, and was subsequently partly possessed by the Kaymes, of Bolam 3 it afterwards became the estate of the families of Collin- son and Douglas, from wffiich latter the castle and manor descended to the Blacketts, of Matfen, and is now the property of Sir Edward Blackett, Bart. The fortress was destroyed by the Scots during their inroad into England, which ended in their defeat at the battle of Nevill’s Cross, in 1346. ATLBURTON, a chapelry, in the parish of Ltdney, union of Chepstow, hundred of Bledisloe, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 4| miles (S. W. by W.) from Blakeney 3 containing 468 inhabitants. The chapel is dedicated to St. Mary. AYLESBEAR {St. Christopher), a parish, in the union of St. Thomas, hundred of East Budleigh, Woodbury and S. divisions of Devon, 8 miles (E.) from Exeter 3 containing, with the tything of Newton-Popple- ford, 982 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 2701 acres, of which 1033 are arable, 823 meadow and pasture, 92 orchard, 53 coppice, and 700 common or waste land 3 and is bounded on the east by the river Otter : the surface is hilly, and the soil divided between a stiff cold clay and light sand. There is a silk and ribbon manufactory. The living is a discharged vicarage^ with the perpetual curacy of Newtdn-Poppleford annexed, valued in the king’s books at £16. 2. 4.3 net income, £123 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. H. W. Marker, to whom, and the rector of Huxham, the impropriation belongs. The glebe contains about 44 acres. There is a chapel at Newton-Poppleford, of modern architecture, rebuilt in 1826, by subscription. AYLESBURY {St. Mary), a borough, market-town, parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Aylesbury, county of Buckingham, of which it is the county town, 16| miles (S. E. by S.) from Buckingham, and 38 (N. W. by W.) from London, by Watford 3 con- taining, with the hamlet of Walton, 5429 inhabitants. This place appears to have been one of the strongest fortresses possessed by the ancient Britons, from whom it was taken in the year 571, by Cutwulph, brother of Ceawlin, King of the West Saxons, and to have had a castle of some importance, from which circumstance probably it derives its Saxon appellation Aeglesburge, of wffiich its present name is only a slight modification. In the reign of the Conqueror this was a royal manor, and some lands here were granted by that monarch, upon the extraordinary tenure that the owners should provide straw for the monarch’s bed, sweet herbs for his chamber, and two green geese and three eels for his table, whenever he should visit Aylesbury. In the civil war of the seventeenth century, the town was garrisoned for the parliament 3 but it does not appear to have had A YL E A YL E any further connexion with the political transactions of that period. The TOWN is pleasantly situated on a gentle eminence, in a fertile vale, extending from Thame, in Oxfordshire, to Leighton, in Bedfordshire, and is lighted with gas, and paved under the direction of a body called “ the Incor- porated Surveyors,” who derive their funds from land and houses devised by John Bedford for that purpose j the inhabitants are amply supplied with water. The houses are principally of brick, and the town has been greatly improved by the erection of some handsome private residences at the entrances into it from London and Buckingham 5 and the approaches have been ren- dered pleasant and commodious by the construction of a new road. The only manufacture is that of bone lace, which is carried on upon a very limited scale. Duck- lings and tame rabbits are bred in great numbers, for the supply of the London market. The market, which is amply supplied, is on Saturday j and fairs are held on the Friday after the ISth of Jan., the Saturday before Palm-Sunday, May 8th, June 14th, Sept. 25th, and Oct. 12th 3 those in Jan., May, and Oct. not being chartered, are free from toll, and those in Sept, and Oct. are also for hiring servants. The river Thame, which separates the town from the hamlet of Walton, is not navi- gable 3 but a canal, w^hich commences at the hamlet, com- municates with the Grand Junction canal at Marsworth. The branch railway from this town, to the London and Birmingham line near Leighton Buzzard, was opened in June ] 839, and is one continued level throughout, seven miles in length. There is a florists’ and horticultural society, which from its foundation has been liberally supported, and has produced some fine shows of flowers and fruit. The inhabitants received their first charter from Queen Mary, in the year 1554, but the corporation soon lost their privileges, by neglecting to fill up vacancies, and the town is now within the jurisdiction of the county magistrates, who hold petty-sessions daily 3 and con- stables and other officers are appointed at the court leet of the lord of the manor. The elective franchise was conferred in 1554, and notwithstanding the loss of its charter, the borough has continued, since that time, to return two members to parliament. The right of elec- tion was originally vested in the corporation alone 3 and in the reign of Queen Anne, a disputed return for this place, in the cause of Ashby v. White, occasioned so serious a contest between the two houses, respecting the power of electors to hring actions against returning officers, for refusing to receive their votes, that the queen was obliged to prorogue the parliament, leaving the case undecided. After the loss of the charter, the two members were elected by the pot-wallopers 3 and in 1804, in a case of notorious bribery, an act was passed, extending the right of voting to the freeholders of the three hundreds of Aylesbury. The constables are the returning officers. The Lent assizes, and the quarter- sessions for the county, are held, and the knights of the shire elected, here. The county hall, with the magi- strates’ chamber, and offices of the clerk of the peace, form one range of brick building, of modern erection, with the county gaol and house of correction, which is well adapted to the classification of prisoners. The LIVING is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £24. 18. 1. 3 net income, £3183 patron, 115 Prebendary of Aylesbury in the Cathedral of Lincoln. The great tithes have been commuted for land : the vicar also has a house and garden, with two plots of land in lieu of tithes 3 and an annual stipend of £20 is payable to the prebendary, according to an act of par- liament. An afternoon lecture, long supported by sub- scription, was endowed by the Marquess of Bucking- ham, about the close of the last century, with a rent- charge of £18, in consideration of which the vicar has for many years given a third service. The church is an ancient cruciform structure, in the decorated English style, with some earlier portions, and a low central tower 3 the western entrance is very rich : on the north side of the chancel is a chantry chapel, now used as a vestry-room, in which are still remaining some traces of Norman character 3 and on the south side is another chantry chapel, now used for the grammar school. From the number of Roman tiles still found in several parts of the building, it is probable that a tessellated pave- ment originally constituted the floor of the whole. There are places of worship for the Society of Friends, Inde- pendents, and Wesleyans, and one for Particular Bap- tists in the hamlet of Walton. The Free Grammar School was founded by Sir Henry Lee, Knt., about the year 1611, and endowed with about £8 per annum, which was greatly augmented by Henry Phillips, Esq., who, by will in 1714r, left £5000 in trust to be invested in land for its support : the property consists of a manor and estate at Broughton-Abbots, in the parish of Bierton, and upwards of £1800 in the three per cent, consols., producing together an income of about £540. The school premises, erected in 1719, comprise a long range of building adjoining the church- yard, and contain under one roof the reading and writ- ing schools, and residences for the masters. There is also a British school, supported by subscription. Thomas Hickman, in 1695, bequeathed land and houses (of which five are occupied as almshouses), now let for £73 per annum, which, after defraying the expenses of repairs and other small charges, is distributed among decayed tradesmen and tradesmen’s widows not receiving paro- chial relief. William Harding, of Walton, by his will proved in 1719, devised certain lands and tenements, now let for £289 per annum, by means of which about fourteen children of the parish are apprenticed annually, with premiums of £20 each 3 and there are also several charities for different purposes under the management of the churchwardens. A county infirmary, erected at the northern end of the town, chiefly through the exer- tions of John Lee, Esq,, of Hartwell House, was opened for the reception of patients on the 23rd of October, 1833, and is a spacious building, consisting of a centre and two wings, the former of stone, and the latter of brick stuccoed in imitation of stone. The poor law union of Aylesbury comprises 40 parishes and places, and con- tains a population of 22,134. A monastery was founded here, about the year 600, and dedicated to St. Osyth 3 and there were also two ancient hospitals for lepers, dedicated respectively to St. John and St. Leonard^ which had fallen into decay prior to the year 1360. A convent for Grey Friars, the only one in the county, was established in 1387, by James, Earl of Ormond: its site was subsequently occupied by a mansion belonging to Sir John Baldwin, Knt., lord chief justice of the common pleas 3 but during the civil war the house Q2 A YLE A YL S sustained so much damage, that it has never since been inhabited as a seat by any private gentleman. The cele- brated John Wilkes resided here for a long time, and for some years represented the borough in parliament. The place gives the titles of Earl and Marquess to the ancient family of Bruce. AYLESBY {St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union of Caistor, wapentake of Bradley-Haverstoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 5 miles (W. by S.) from Great Grimsby j containing 201 inhabitants. This parish, which is intersected by the road from Grimsby to Brigg, comprises by computation 2000 acres, on which there are several plantations, but the greater por- tion of the land is arable. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £73 ; patron and incumbent. Rev. T. T. Drake. The appropriate tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £537. 6. 8., and there are 36 acres of appropriate glebe. The church is an ancient structure with a tower, on the outside of which, near the summit, are two large elder- trees which bear fruit, and are flourishing. AYLESFORD {St. Peter), di parish, in the union of Malling, hundred of Larkfield, lathe of Aylesford, W. division of Kent, 3^ miles (N. N. W.) from Maid- stone j containing 1344 inhabitants. This place was called Saissenaighohail by the Britons, in commemora- tion of their having here defeated the Saxons j and bj^’ the latter, after their settlement in the country. Eagles- ford, of which the present name is a corruption. In the battle above mentioned, which toot place in 455, Horsa, the brother of Hengist, on the side of the Saxons, and Catigern, the son of Vortigern, on the^^side of the Bri- tons, were slain. In 893, Alfred defeated the Danes at Fenham, in the parish 3 and in 1016, Edmund Ironside, in a fierce encounter with those invaders, pursued them to this place with great slaughter, and drove them hence to Sheppy. In 1240, Ralph Frisburn, on his return from the Holy Land, founded a Carmelite monastery, under the patronage of Richard, Lord Grey, of Codnor, many parts of which are entire, though the greater portion of the site is occupied by a mansion, erected by Sir William Sedley, and now the residence of the Earl of Aylesford. The parish contains 4260a. 2r. 29p., of which 1721 acres are arable, 628 meadow and pasture, 1428 woodland, 152 hop plantations, 53 orchards, and about 196 com- mon and waste 3 the surface is intersected with numer- ous chalk hills 5 in the northern part the soil is various, but the southern part, which is often overflowed by the Medway, is loam and gravel. The substratum abounds with stone, which is quarried for building sea-walls and for the roads 3 the river Medway, which is navigable for barges, flows through the parish. The town is plea- santly situated on the north-east bank of the river, over which is an ancient stone bridge of six arches, and con- sists of one principal street, on the north side of which the ground rises abruptly to an elevation of 100 feet. A paper-mill, by the side of a small stream, is the only manufactory in the place. A pleasure fair is held on the 29th of June. The LIVING is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £103 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Rochester. The rectorial tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £630. 15. 3., and the vicarial for £597. 11. 3. 3 and the glebe contains 14 acres, with a house. The church is an ancient structure, and contains 116 monuments to the memory of Sir Paul Rycaut, Sir John Colepepper, and Sir Caleb Banks. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A school was endowed, in 1?66, by Charles Milner, Esq. with a rent-charge of £20 3 the schoolroom was built in 1773. There is also a national school, established in 1832. An hospital, dedi- cated to the Holy Trinity, was founded inl6l7, fora warden and six aged persons, by Sir William Sedley, Knt., partly in performance of the will of his brother, John, dated in 1605, and partly of his own free gift 3 and endowed with two farms in the parish of Frittenden, now let for £135 per annum. Fragments of military weapons are frequently discovered here. At Horsted is a monument of upright stones, erected, as it is supposed, to the memory of Horsa 3 and three miles distant is another^ called Kit’s Cotty House, to the memory of Catigern, brother of Vortimer, who was slain with that prince in the battle with Hengist and Horsa. Sir Charles Sedley, a celebrated wit and poet in the reign of Charles II., was born at the Stoars, in the parish. Aylesford confers the title of Earl on the family of Finch. AYLESTONE {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Blaby, partly in the hundred of Guthlaxton, and partly in that of Sparkenhoe, S. division of the county of Leicester, 2^ miles (S. by W.) from Leicester 3 con- taining, with the township of Glen Parva and the cha- pelry of Lubbesthorpe, 757 inhabitants. It is situated on the road to Lutterworth, and contains, with Lub- besthorpe, about 2700 acres 3 the Duke of Rutland is lord of the manor. The Union canal passes through the parish, and soon after joins the river Soar, which here becomes navigable. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £31. 8. 11^. 3 net income, £845 3 patron, Duke of Rutland. The tithes were commuted for 350 acres of land, in I767. AYLMERTON(5t. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Erpingham, hundred of North Erping- HAM, E. division of Norfolk, 2|: miles (W. S. W.) from Cromer 3 containing 289 inhabitants. This parish, which is intersected by the road from Cromer to Holt, com- prises 1581a. 8p., of which 916 acres are arable, I90 pasture and meadow, and 470 woodland and water 3 the views of the ocean from the high grounds are exceed- ingly fine, and the scenery very picturesque. The living is a discharged rectory in medieties, with those of Fel- brigg, Melton, and Runton united, valued together in the king’s books at £6. 11. 3 net income, £3703 patron and lord of the manor, W. H. Windham, Esq. The tithes of Aylmerton have been commuted for a rent- charge of £220, and the glebe consists of 41^ acres. The church is in the decorated and perpendicular styles, with an embattled tower 3 in the interior is a handsome carved screen, and on the south side of the chancel a piscina and two stone stalls. AYLSHAM {St. Michael), a market-town and parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of South Erpingham, E. division of Norfolk, 12:|: miles (N. by W.) from Norwich, and 121 (N. E. by N.) from London 3 containing 2448 inhabitants. Tliis place, which is situ- ated on the high road from Norwich to Cromer, vas, during the reigns of Edward II. and HI., the chief seat in the county for the manufacture of linens, then dis- tinguished by the appellation of “ Aylsham Webs.” This branch of manufacture was subsequently superseded by A YLT A YOT that of woollen cloths ; and in the time of James I. the inhabitants were principally employed in the knitting of worsted hose^ and in the manufacture of stocking-pieces for breeches, and waistcoat-pieces, which was carried on here till the introduction of machinery. The town is pleasantly situated on a gentle acclivity rising from the south bank of the river Bure, and is well built, containing many handsome houses j the trade consists for the most part in corn, coal,^ and timber, for which its situation is extremely favourable. The river Bure is navigable to Yarmouth for barges of 40 tons’ burthen, and a spacious basin and commodious wharfs have been constructed here for the greater facility of trade. The market, for- merly on Saturday, is now on Tuesday, and is amply supplied with corn and provisions of all kinds j and fairs, which are well attended, are held on March 23rd, and on the last Tuesdays in Sept, and Oct., which last is a statute fair. The town was formerly governed by a bailiff, and had several privileges, of which exemption from serving on juries at the assizes and sessions is still remaining. The parish comprises 4311a. 2r. 4p., of which 350 acres are meadow, 100 woodland and plantations, and the remainder arable. The living is a vicarage, en- dowed with a portion of the rectorial tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £17- 19. 7. j patrons and appro- priators. Dean and Chapter of Canterbury. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £716, and the vicarial for £684 ^ the glebe comprises 4 acres, with a house. The church, founded by John of Gaunt, is a spacious and handsome cruciform structure, in the de- corated English style, with a square embattled tower surmounted by a spire ^ on the south side of the choir are three sedilia of stone, richly canopied, and a double piscina, opposite to which is a monument to Bishop Jeggon^ the font is elaborately sculptured, and in the north transept is the chapel of St. Peter, which had a guild in 1490 ^ in the cemetery is the tomb of Hum- phrey Repton, author of a work on landscape gardening, who was buried here. There are places of worship for Baptists, Primitive Methodists, and Wesleyans. The free grammar school, founded in 15 17 by Robert Jannys, mayor of Norwich, who endowed it with £10 per annum, and for which, in conjunction with that of Wymondham, Archbishop Parker founded two scholarships in Corpus Christ! College, Oxford, has been incorporated with the District National Society. The poor law union of Aylsham comprises 46 parishes and places under the care of 47 guardians, and contains a population of 20,056. About half a mile from the town is a chaly- beate spring, now little noticed, which, from its former efficacy in asthmatic and other chronic diseases, was much resorted to by invalids, and obtained the appella- tion of Aylsham spa. On Stowe heath, about two miles to the east of the town, are several large tumuli, in some of which, in 1808, were found urns containing human bones and ashes. AYLTON, a parish, in the union of Ledbury, hun- dred of Radlow, county of Hereford, 4^ miles (W.) from Ledbury 5 containing 69 inhabitants, and consist- ing of 812 acres, undulated, with a full proportion of wood, and the soil of the highest average fertility. The living is a discharged perpetual curacy, endowed with one-third of the tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £3. 3. 4. 5 net income, £149} patron, Earl of 117 Oxford j impropriators of the remainder of the tithes, the Portionists of Ledbury church. AYMESTREY {St. John and St. Alkmund), a parish, in the union of Leominster, consisting of the townships of Conhope and Over Lye, in the hundred of Stretford, and the townships of Aymestrey, Mor- timer s-Cross, Nether Lye, Shirley, and Yatton, and the chapelry of Leinthall-Earls, in the hundred of WiGMORE, county of Hereford, 8 miles (N. W.) from Leominster 3 containing 958 inhabitants. This parish, which is intersected by the river Lug, comprises by computation 57^1 acres, of which 1926 are arable, 2355 meadow and pasture, 1405 woodland, and about 35 gar- den ground : limestone abounds in the vicinity. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 14. 2., and in the patronage of the Crown 3 net income, £249 3 impropriators. Bishop of Hereford and Mrs. Lewis. There is a chapel of ease at Leinthall- Earls, a very ancient structure. Here are two schools, with small endowments. Traces of Roman and British camps are discernible near the village. AYNHO {St. Michael)^ a parish (formerly a mar- ket-town), in the union of Brackley, hundred of King’s Sutton, S. division of the county of North- ampton, 2f miles (E. by N.) from Deddington 3 contain- ing 662 inhabitants. The parish occupies the south- western extremity of the county, on the borders of Oxfordshire, which bounds it on the west and south 3 it comprises 2219a. Ir. of rich and highly productive land. The road from Buckingham to Deddington, as well as the Oxford canal, intersects it. The village, which is of considerable extent, is situated on a rocky eminence, from the foot of which issues a copious spring, called the Town Well.” A charter was obtained, in the 17th of Edward II., for a weekly market and a fair annually at Michaelmas, but both have long since been discontinued. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £25. 5. 5. 3 net income, £500 3 patron, W. R. Cartwright, Esq. A free school was founded by Mrs. Mary Cartwright, in I671, and endowed with a rent-charge of £20 5 and a school on the national plan is supported by subscription. Here was anciently an hospital, dedicated to St. John and St. James, founded about the time of Henry II., and, in 1484, united to Magdalene College, Oxford, by gift of the patron, Wil- liam Fitz-Alan. The Roman Portway, a vicinal road, runs through the parish, and is visible at the eastern end of the village. Shakerley Marmion, a dramatic writer, was born at the manor-house in 1602 3 and Robert Wild, a Presbyterian minister, and a poet and satirist, held the living during the Commonwealth. AYOTT {St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union of Welwyn, hundred of Broadwater, county of Hert- ford, 3 j miles (W. by N.) from Welwyn 3 containing 134 inhabitants. This parish, during the heptarchy, formed part of the possessions of the last of the Saxon monarchs 3 and a spot in the immediate vicinity, still called Dane End, commemorates a signal defeat of the Danes by King Ethelwulph. The parish comprises by computation 900 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 13. 4.3 net income, £180 5 patron, Lionel Lyde, Esq. The glebe consists of 20 acres. The church is a neat brick edifice, with a hand- some portico of stone, of the Doric order, and was erected in 1787^ at an expense of £6000, by Sir Lionel A Y SG A YT O Lyde^ from a design by Revett, the celebrated Italian architect : the ruins of the old church, a quarter of a mile distant, are considerable, and under the belfry of its embattled tower is an altar-tomb, with recumbent figures of a knight and his lady. A school is partly supported by funds arising from a bequest by a late rector. AYOTT (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Welwyn, hundred of Broadwater, county of Hert- ford, 1:^ mile (W. by S.) from Welwyn j containing 240 inhabitants. It comprises about 1200 acres of land, of which the surface is in general elevated, and the soil a mixture of gravel and clay. The river Marran divides it from the parishes of Welwyn and Codicote : the vil- lage is pleasantly situated on the side of the great north road, and is skirted by Brocket Hall park, the property of Lord Melbourne, a small part of which stands in the parish. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7- 8. 6|., and in the gift of Lord Mex- borough : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £245. 12. 6., and there are 49 acres of glebe. The church, a neat octagonal building, was erected about eighty years since by a former rector, Dr. Freeman, who built also the steeple, on the opposite side of the church- yard. There is a school for about 40 children, who are clothed and instructed by subscription. AYRESHAM, or Ayresholme, a village, in the township of Linthorp, parish of Middlesborough, union of Stockton, W. division of the liberty of Lang- BADRGH, N. riding of York, 2j miles (S. S. E.) from Stockton. AYSGARTH (St. Andrew), a parish, in the wapen- take of Hang-West, N. riding of York j comprising the townships of High and Low Abbotside, Askrigg, Aysgarth, Bainbridge, Bishopdale, West Burton, Car- perby cum Thoresby, Hawes, Newbiggin, Thoralby, and Thornton- Rust 3 and containing 5725 inhabitants, of which number, 269 are in the township of Aysgarth, 8^ miles (W.) from Middleham. This parish, which con- sists of 12 townships, is about 22 miles long, and from 4 to 8 or 9 wide, and contains 96,000 acres 3 it compre- hends the upper part of the splendid valley called Wens- ley dale, and the surface is strikingly diversified with high moorlands and fertile vales, which are famed for grouse and other game 3 the grounds are principally in pasture, and the district is noted for its superior dairy productions, butter, and new-milk cheeses. The village is pleasantly situated in a romantic and picturesque vale, through which runs the river Ure, which rises in the parish, and in its progress forms beautiful and celebrated cataracts at Aysgarth, Askrigg, Hardraw, and West Burton. There is a sheet of water, named Semer water, covering about 500 acres, and abounding with fish of several varieties 3 and the Ure, also, abounds with trout of a rich flavour, as well as with the greyling, and affords to the angler at certain seasons sport not generally to be met with. At a short distance above Aysgarth Force, is Yore bridge, built in 1539^ a curious and interesting structure, which rises in one elliptical arch of 32 feet, with a span of 70 feet, exhibiting numerous petrifactions in its concave, and having its battlements festooned with verdant ivy : this .bridge commands a fine view of the falls made by the river, in its course through rocks in some parts craggy and abrupt, and in others beauti- fully intermingled with foliage. There are some veins 118 of lead, and strata of coal. A coarse description of knitted hosiery is manufactured by the females and children of the lower classes, for the use of sailors, and for exportation. A mail-coach from the railway station at North -Allert on to Sedbergh passes and repasses through the parish daily, and is much used by travellers and tourists to the lakes, &c. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £19. 6. 8. 3 net income, £137 ; patrons and appropriators. Master and Fellows of Trinity Col- lege, Cambridge. The church is in the early English style, with a square embattled tower, which was height- ened in the reign of Henry VHI., when the whole build- ing was renovated : the chancel is separated from the nave by an elegant and highly enriched screen and rood- loft, said to have been removed from the abbey of Jervauix. There are also other churches, which are noticed in the articles on the townships. The Society of Friends have places of worship at Aysgarth, Bain- bridge, Hawes, and Counterside ; and the Wesleyans at Aysgarth, Burton, Thoralby, Carperby, Askrigg, Bain- bridge, and Gayle : at Thornton-Rust the Calvinists have a meeting-house, and at Hawes the Independents and Sandemanians one each. National schools have been established recently at Aysgarth and Thoralby, and one in the chapelry of Askrigg 3 and at Yoresbridge is a grammar school, with an endowment exceeding £200 per annum 3 besides which there are some other institu- tions in the parish, alluded to in the accounts of the townships. Mary, Queen of Scots, was imprisoned for a short time at Nappa Hall, an ancient mansion in the parish. AYSLEBY, N. riding of the county of York. — See Aislaby. AYSTON (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Uppingham, hundred of Martinsley, county of Rut- land, 1 mile (N. W. by N.) from Uppingham 3 contain- ing 88 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 870 acres, of which about one-quarter is arable, and the re- mainder pasture 3 the surface is undulated, and the soil partly a red loam, and partly a white clay. The village is situated a quarter of a mile from the road between Oakham and Uppingham. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 7. j net income, £183 3 patron, George Fludyer, Esq. The tithes are commuted for a modus of 14d. per acre, and there are 70 acres of glebe, and a glebe-house. The church is a plain neat structure, in the pointed style, except the three arches that divide the north aisle from the body of the church, which are round. AYTHORPE-ROOTHING.— See Roothing, Ay- THORPE. AYTON banks. — S ee Eighton Banks, AYTON, EAST, a chapelry, in the parish of Sea- MER, union of Scarborough, Pickering lythe, N. riding of York, 5 miles (S. W. by W.) from Scarborough 3 containing 362 inhabitants. The village is situated in a vallej^ remarkable for the beauty of its scenery, through which flows thf; river Derwent. The chapel, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, is an ancient structure, with a square tower. The tithes were commuted in I768, for land and a money payment. There is a place of worship for Primitive Methodists 3 and a school is supported partly by subscription, and an annual donation of £5 by Mr, Dennison. A Y T O B A B I AYTON, GREAT {All Saints) ^ a parish, in the union of Stokesley, W. division of the liberty of Langbaurgh, N. riding of York; containing 1216 inhabitants, of whom 1014 are in the township of Great Ayton, 3 miles (N. E. by E.) from Stokesley. The parish, which is on the road from Stokesley to Guisborongh, consists of the townships of Great Ayton, Little Ayton, and Nunthorpe, and comprises about 5640 acres ; the lands are chiefly arable and pasture in nearly equal portions ; the surface is greatly diversified, and much of the scenery is very beautiful. A large seam of whinstone runs across the whole district, passes through the parish, and is wrought in several quarries ; the stone is a hard blue, of excellent quality, and much xised in making and repairing roads. Iron-ore is also found, and a mine was opened at Cliifrigg- Woods, but the works have been for some time discontinued. There are two oil-mills and three tanneries, and the manufacture of linen, once a flourishing trade here, still alFords employment to a few of the inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of George Marwood, Esq., the im- propriator, with a net income of £82. The church is a neat unadorned edifice of considerable antiquity, with a square tower ; the chancel is separated from the nave by an enriched Norman arch, and there is a handsome monument to the memory of W. Wilson, Esq., a dis- tinguished naval commander in the service of the East India Company. The Independents, Primitive Metho- dists, Wesleyans, and the Society of Friends have places of worship. A school, founded in 1704, by Michael Postgate, and rebuilt in 1/65, has an endowment of about £10 per annum : at this school the celebrated navigator. Captain Cook, received a portion of his educa- tion, at the expense of Thomas Scottowe, Esq., whom his father served as manager of a farm. There is also a large agricultural school connected with the Society of Friends ; and in the middle of the village are three almshouses, built by subscription. AYTON, LITTLE, a township, in the parish of Great Ayton, union of Stokesley, W". division of the liberty of Langbaurgh, N. riding of York, miles (E. N. E.) from Stokesley ; containing 65 inhabitants. At the time of the Conquest this was an ancient demesne of the crown ; the manor was soon afterwards granted to the family of Malbisse, and was held .by the king in capiie ut de honore ; it subsequently passed to the Lords Eure, of Easby. There was once a chapel here, built by Sir William Malbisse. Knt., about 1215, but it was not allowed to possess any separate endowment, and was afterwards ceded to the mother church, and con- sequently came under the direction of the monks of Whitby : no remains are now visible. The township comprises about 1170 acres, including three farms called Tunstall ; its small and scattered hamlet is on a branch of the river Leven, and near the road from Stokesley to Guisborough. AYTON, WEST, a township, in the parish of Hut- ton -Buscel, union of Scarborough, Pickering lythe, N. riding of York, 5;| miles (S. W. by S.) from Scar- borough ; containing 305 inhabitants. This township is bounded on the east and south by the river Derwent, which separates it from East Ayton, and comprises about 2000 acres, of which one-third is woodland and moor, and the remainder arable and pasture. The surface is finely varied, and the scenery picturesque ; the hills are 119 richly wooded to their summits, and the low grounds are watered by the Derwent, over which is a handsome bridge of four arches. The soil is various ; and stone of excellent quality for building and for burning into lime is quarried. The village is situated on the road from York to Scarborough, and above it are the remains of Ayton Tower, on the property of the Hon. Marmaduke Langley, of Wykeham Abbey: of this once spacious baronial residence, one wing only is remaining, but the extensive lines of foundations on every side still indicate its former importance. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. The manor formerly belonged to the family of De Vesci, and afterwards to the Cliffords ; three fourth parts of it now belong to the trustees of Lady Hewley’s charity, of which two-thirds, according to her ladyship’s will, are to be applied to the support of dis- senting ministers. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, under an act, in 1792. AZERLEY, a township, in the parish of Kirkby- Malzeard, Lower division of the wapentake of Claro, W. riding of York, 4 miles (N. W.) from Ripon; con- taining 836 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 3140 acres, including the village of Galpha, and of Mickley, on the river Ure. The tithes have been com- muted for rent-charges amounting to £270. 16., of which £220. 16. are payable to Trinity College, Cambridge, £45 to the vicar of the parish, and £5 to the Dean and Chapter of Ripon. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. B BABCARY {Holy Cross) ^ a parish, in the union of Langport, hundred of Catsash, E. division of Somer- set, 4f miles (E.) from Somerton ; containing 465 in- habitants, and comprising by computation 2500 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 10. 5.; patron. Rev. W. H. Twemlow. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £400, besides which, a sum of £8. 15, is payable to an impropriator; the glebe comprises 45 acres. The Wesleyans have a place of worship. BABINGLEY {St, Felix), a parish, in the union and hundred of Freebridge-Lynn, W. division of Norfolk, 8^ miles (N. N. E.) from Lynn ; containing 54 inhabitants. It is intersected by the road from Lynn to Wells, and comprises 849^/. 3r. 25p., of which 214 acres are arable, 390 pasture and meadow, 98 Woodland, and 139 heath ; the surface is low and flat, and the soil in some parts light and gravelly, and in others good meadow earth. The living is a discharged rectory, annexed to that of Sanderingham, and valued in the king’s books at £4. 13. 4. : the tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £102. The church is sup- posed to be the oldest in the county, and is said to have been originally erected by Felix, the apostle of the East Angles, to whom it was afterwards dedicated. BABIN GTON {St. Margaret), a parish, in the union of Shepton-Mallet, hundred of Kilmersdon, E. division of Somerset, 5| miles (W. N. W.) from Frome ; containing 163 inhabitants. It comprises 800 acres, and contains abundance of limestone, and some coal, of which a mine is in full operation. The living is BACK B A C T a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10, and in the gift of Colonel JollifFe : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £116, and the glebe consists of about 7 acres. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 5 and a school is endowed with £‘20 per annum, bequeathed in 1758, by Elizabeth Long. BABRAHAM (St, Peter), a parish, in the union of Linton, hundred of Chilford, county of Cambridge, 4^ miles (N. W.) from Linton 5 containing ^17 inhabit- ants. It comprises by computation 2500 acres, and is intersected by the Cambridge and Colchester road, and bounded on the south-west by the road from London to Newmarket. A splendid mansion in the Elizabethan style has lately been erected, which, with the park, gardens, and pleasure-grounds, contributes greatly to the ornamental scenery of the locality. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 5. 10. : net income, £106 j patron and impropriator, H. J. Adeane, Esq. The glebe consists of 4 acres. The church is an ancient building, in the decorated style, situated in the pleasure-grounds of the patron, to the memory of several branches of whose family it contains some handsome monuments. There is a free school, arising from bequests by Levinus and James Bush, Esqrs., and Judith Bennett, in 17^3, who also left an endowment for an almshouse for six women, and £25 per annum for apprenticing poor boys : the income is now £134. 3. 2. BABUR, county of Norfolk. — See Bawburgh. BAB WORTH (Jll Saints), a parish, in the union of East Retford, Hatfield division of the wapentake of Bassetlaw, N. division of the county of Nottingham, mile (W.) from East Retford 5 containing 577 inhabit- ants. It comprises 5882a. 3r. 38p., of which about 5028 acres are arable, 370 meadow and pasture, and 479 wood- land 3 the surface is undulated, and the scenery enriched with wood, and the Chesterfield canal bounds the parish on the north. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14. IQ. 2., and in the gift of the Hon. J. B. Simp- son : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £815, and the glebe consists of 20 acres. The church is a small neat edifice, in the later English style, with a square embattled tower crowned with pinnacles, and has been recently repewed and beautified. Lindley Simpson, Esq., in 1781, bequeathed the profits of a share in the Chesterfield canal for the support of a school, to which also the gentry of the neighbourhood contribute. A school- room was built in 1836, at the expense of J. Rogers, Esq., and has been licensed for the celebration of divine service. BACHE, a township, in the parish of St. Oswald, Chester, union of Great Boughton, Lower division of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester ^ containing 18 inhabitants. Bache Hall was garrisoned for the parliament in the early part of the civil war, and destroyed during the siege of Chester, in 1645. BACKFORD (St, Oswald), a parish, in the union of Great Boughton, partly in the Higher division of the hundred of Wirral, and partly in the Lower divi- sion of that of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester ; comprising the townships of Caughall, Chorl- ton. Lea, and Mollington-Tarrant 5 and containing 556 inhabitants, of whom 200 are in the township of Back- ford, 4 miles (N.) from Chester. The parish consists by 120 measurement of 3006 acres, and is situated on the great road from Chester to Liverpool 3 it is skirted on the south by the Ellesmere canal, and its vicinity to the city of Chester renders it a cheerful and desirable place of residence. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 0. 5. 3 net income, £230 5 patron and appropriator, Bishop of Chester. Two schools are supported by private subscription. BACKSHAW, a hamlet, in the parish of Holwell, union of Sherborne, hundred of Horethorne, E. division of Somerset, though locally in the hundred of Sherborne, county of Dorset 3 containing 16 in- habitants. BACKWELL (St, Andrew) , a parish (formerly a market-town), in the union of Bedminster, hun- dred of Hartcliffe with Bedminster, E. division of Somerset, 7| miles (S. W. by W.) from Bristol; containing, with the hamlets of Churchtown, Downside, Farley, Moorside, and West-town, II6I inhabitants. It includes some extensive collieries, and some quarries producing a kind of calcareous stone of a reddish colour, variegated with blue and white veins, which is susceptible of a very high polish. The weekly market, granted by Edward II., has been long discontinued ; but a fair for cattle and pedlery is held on the 21st of September. The living consists of a sinecure rectory and a discharged vicarage ; the rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 16. 3., with a net income of £253 5 the vicarage, valued at £6. 19. 9|., with a net income of £144 J patron of both. Marquess of Bath. A national school is supported by subscription. BACK WORTH, a township, in the parish of Ears- DON, union of Tynemouth, E. division of Castle w^ard, S. division of Northumberland, 7 miles (N. E. by N.) from Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; containing 413 inhabitants. This place formerly belonged to Tynemouth priory, and afterwards to the Grey family, by whom it was sold to its present possessor, the Duke of Northumberland, for £95,000. The soil is fertile, and favourable to the growth of wheat ; the district abounds in coal, and an extensive colliery is in operation, the produce of which is of a superior quality, and known as '^Northumberland Wallsend.” A school has been built, chiefly at the expense of the Duke of Northumberland. Sir Charles Grey, Knt., the governor of Barbadoes, was born at Backworth House. BACON STHORPE (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Erpingham, hundred of South Erpingham, E. division of Norfolk, 3| miles (E. S. E.) from Holt ; containing 326 inhabitants, and comprising 1332a. 3r. 38p. The manor was long held by the Bacons, one of whom was the learned John Bacon, who died in 1346. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9, and in the gift of John Thurston Mott, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £340, and there are 33 acres of glebe, with a handsome house. The church was partly destroyed by the fall of the steeple in 1729, but was thoroughly repaired, chiefly at the expense of the Rev. Mr. Hewitt, in 1779. A na- tional school is chiefly supported by subscription. BACTON, a parish, in the union of Dore, hundred of Webtree, county of Hereford, 11^ miles (S. W. by W.) from Hereford ; containing 140 inhabitants. The parish comprises 1177 acres, and is bounded on the east by the river Dore : the land is fertile in corn B A C U B AD D and apples, and a considerable quantity of cider is made j timber of good quality thrives well, and there is a large supply of excellent limestone. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £3. 13. 4., and in the patronage of Francis Hamp, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £122. 9. The church contains, in the north side of the chancel, a monument of the Corinthian order, with a curious inscription, to the memory of Mrs. Blanche Parry, of Newcourt, in the parish, and for many years maid of honour to Queen Elizabeth. A school is aided by a donation of £15 per annum from the rector. Mrs. Blanche Parry, in 1589, bequeathed as much land as would produce 140 bushels of wheat and rye, to be divided among the poor of Bacton and the hamlet of Newton j and there are also other bequests to the poor, recorded on a stone slab in the church. Some chaly- beate springs have been discovered within the last few years. BACTON (St. Andrew) ^ a parish, in theTuNSXEAD and Happing incorporation, hundred of Tunstead, E. division of Norfolk, 4;^ miles (N. E. by E.) from North Walsham 5 containing 513 inhabitants. The parish comprises 16,29«. 14p., of which 1327 acres are arable, and 275 pasture and meadow. Bacton Green is a fish- ing village on the coast, having three curing-houses, and six large, and several small boats employed in the herring, crab, and lobster fishery, and many vessels en- gaged in the coal trade. A fair is held on the first Monday in August. The living is a discharged vicarage, endowed with a portion of the rectorial tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £5. 3. l|. 5 net income, £263 ; patrons and impropriators of the remainder of the great tithes, Lord and Lady Wodehouse. The glebe consists of 28 acres, with a house. The church, situated on an eminence, is chiefly in the decorated style, and contains a handsome and elaborately sculp- tured font. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists 5 and a school has a small endowment. At Bromholm are the remains of a priory for Cluniac monks, founded by W. De Glanville, as a cell to Castle Aire priory, in 1113, and dedicated to St. Andrew. BACTON (St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Hartismere, W. division of Suffolk, 6| miles (N.) from Stow-Marketj containing 800 inhabit- ants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19. 12. 3|. ; and in the patronage of H. D. Hemsworth, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £736, and there are nearly 52 acres of glebe. The church is chiefly in the decorated style, and consists of nave, chancel, and side aisles, with an em- battled tower, surmounted by a shingled spire. BACUP, a consolidated chapelry, formed out of the parishes of Whalley and Rochdale, in the union of Haslingden, Higher division of the hundred of Black- burn, N. division of Lancashire, 7 miles (N. by W.) from Rochdale 5 containing 1526 inhabitants. There are several coal-mines here, nearly all of which are in operation, and some quarries of stone, used entirely for building purposes : a great number of persons are em- ployed in the cotton-factories, which are numerous in this locality, and some more are engaged in the woollen manufacture. Two fairs are held, one in spring and the other in autumn, for miscellaneous merchandize. The river Irwell, which takes its rise a few miles further VoL. I. — 121 north, runs through the village. The district, called the Consolidated Chapelry of St. John Bacup,” was allotted in 1843 : the living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Vicar of Whalley, with a net income of £113 : the chapel was consecrated in 17S8. There are two places of worship for Particular Baptists, and one for Wesleyans j and schools are conducted on the na- tional plan, the society having aided in the erection of the building for them by a grant of £300. At Dales- gate, near this place, is a bed of hard coal similar to that of Halifax 5 and at Broadclough, about a mile from the village, are the remains of a Roman encampment. BADBURY, a tything, in the parish of Chisledon, union of Highworth and Swindon, hundred of Kings- BRiDGE, Swindon and N. divisions of Wilts; contain- ing 395 inhabitants. BADBY (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Da- VENTRY, hundred of Fawsley, S. division of the county of Northampton, 2| miles (S. S. W.) from Daventry; containing 624 inhabitants. The parish, intersected by the road from Daventry to Banbury, consists of 2147a. 30p. The village is situated on the declivity of a hill, in part of an uninclosed district called Badby Downs ; and there are quarries of hard blue rag-stone in the neighbourhood. The living is a discharged vicarage, with Newnham an- nexed, valued in the king’s books at £14 ; net income, £306 ; patrons and appropriators. Dean and Canons of Christ Church, Oxford. A school for this place and Newn- ham is conducted on the national plan ; and a Sunday school is endowed with the interest of £191. 17. three per cent, annuities. On a lofty eminence, called Arbury hill, is an intrenchment, supposed to be Roman. BADDESLEY-CLINTON {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Solihull, Solihull division of the hun- dred of Hemlingford, N. division of the county of Warwick, 7 miles (N. W.) from Warv^ick ; containing 115 inhabitants. The parish is intersected by the War- wick and Birmingham canal, and skirted by the road between those two places ; it comprises 1310 acres. The living is a donative, valued in the king’s books at £4. 6. 8., and is in the patronage of Lady H. Ferrers, to whom also the impropriation belongs ; net income, £27. There is a Roman Catholic chapel. BADDESLEY-ENSOR (St. Michael) , a parish, in the union of Atherstone, Tamworth division of the hundred of Hemlingford, N. division of the county of Warwick, miles (W. N. W.) from Atherstone; con- taining 579 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 1125 acres of land, of which the surface is hilly, and the prevailing soil a stiff clay : coal is abundant, the rate- able annual value of the mines being returned at £524. The road from Tamworth to Atherstone crosses the parish. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patron- age of the inhabitants ; net income, £106. BADDESLEY, NORTH, a parish, in the union of Hursley, hundred of Mansbridge, Romsey and S. divisions of the county of Southampton, 3 miles (E. by S.) from Romsey ; containing 302 inhabitants. It comprises about 2000 acres, of which 1500 are under cul- tivation, and a considerable quantity common. Here was anciently a preceptory of Knights Templars. The living is a donative; net income, £100; patron and impropriator, T. Chamberlayne, Esq. The glebe-house is a cottage residence, with 2 acres of land attached. The church is very ancient. R B A D D B A D G BADDESLEY^ SOUTH, a chapelry, in the parish of Boldre, union of Lymington, partly in the E. divi- sion of^he New Forest, and partly in the hundred of Christchurch, Lymington and S. divisions of the county of Southampton, 2 miles (E. N. E.) from Lym- ington ; containing 1238 inhabitants. The living is a donative, endowed with £12 per annum rent-charge on the estate of Pylewell, the proprietor of which is patron. The chapel is a neat edifice, capable of accommodating 200 persons. BADDILEY (St, Michael), a parish, in the union and hundred of Nantwich, S. division of the county of Chester, 3 miles (W. S. W.) from Nantwich ; containing 275 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 2300 acres 3 and the Ellesmere canal passes through the dis- trict. Baddiley Hall, once the noble residence of the Mainwarings, has been converted into a farm-house. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £24. 3. 6., and in the gift of John Tollemache, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £195. The church is constructed of oak, and is of great antiquity 5 the upright timbers, being much decayed, were cased with brick in 1811, but the roof and ceiling are still in fine preservation. About £50, obtained from 39 acres of land, are yearly distributed among the poor. BADDINGTON, a township, in the parish of Acton, union and hundred of Nantwich, S. division of the county of Chester, 1^ mile (S. S. W.) from Nantwich 5 containing 137 inhabitants. The Liverpool and Bir- mingham Junction canal passes near this place. A rent-charge of £134 has been awarded as a commuta- tion for the impropriate tithes, and one of £28. 18. for the vicarial. BADDOW, GREAT (St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Chelmsford, S. division of Essex, 1 mile (S. E.) from Chelmsford 5 containing 2022 inhabitants. It comprises 3620a. Ir. 27p. * the village is very pleasantly situated, and inhabited by several highly respectable families. A large brewery was established about seventy years since. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £18. 6. 8., and in the patronage of Mrs. Bullen ; impropriator, J. A. Houblon, Esq. The great tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £636, and the vicarial for one of £495. 15. : the glebe belonging to the impropri- ator comprises about 22 acres, and the vicar’s glebe one acre. The church contains some ancient monuments, one of which, in the south aisle, is very beautiful, representing the figure of a child, in a mournful attitude supporting the bust of a female, A free school was founded and endowed, in 1731, by Jasper Jefferey, of London, with property invested in the purchase of estates now producing an annual income of about £1683 and there are also schools, conducted on the national system. On the road to Chelmsford are almshouses for five inmates. BADDOW, LITTLE (St, Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Chelmsford, S. division of Essex, 5 miles (E. N. E.) from Chelmsford 3 containing, with the hamlet of Middle Mead, 59^ inhabitants. It is bounded on the north by the navigable river Chelmer, on which are two large flour-mills with convenient quays. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 2. 2. 3 patron and impropriator, Col. Strutt, who is also patron of the rectory, which is 122 a sinecure, valued at £7. 13.4. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £358, the vicarial for one of £197. 5. 6., and the rectorial for one of £126. 17. : the rectorial glebe comprises 40, and the vicarial 5, acres. The church is an ancient edifice, with a tower at the west end, and consists only of a nave and chancel, in which latter is a stately monument of marble to Henry Mildmay, of Graces. Here is a place of worship for Independents. In 1717^ Edmund Butler bequeathed l60 acres of land and 36 acres of woodland for the clothing and education of children of this parish and that of Boreham : the whole is now let for £130 per annum 3 and to this income are added £11, the rent of two cottages, and £15. 1., annual dividends on three and a half per cent, stock. Near the church is an almshouse for two families 3 and at Coldham gate is another, said to have been founded by Sir Robert Bar- rington. BADGER, or Bagsore (St. Giles), a parish, within the liberties of the borough of Wen lock, union of Shiffnall, locally in the hundred of Brimstree, S. division of Salop, 5 miles (S.) from Shiffnall 3 con- taining 137 inhabitants. The parish comprises by measurement 9^0 acres : red sandstone of good quality is obtained, and from the quarries was raised the stone for the erection of the church. The neighbourhood also abounds with stately timber, and from one oak alone was procured wood for the pulpit, pews, and all the interior fitting-up of the church. Here is a narrow rocky dingle, richly wooded, through which flows the small river Worfe : w^alks have been tastefully formed, and the spot is much resorted to in the summer. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 13. 4., and in the gift of R. H. Cheney, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £254. 10. 6., and the glebe comprises 25 acres. The church was erected about 1835, at the expense of the patron, and is in the later English style, and embel- lished with stained glass. A parochial school is entirely supported by the patron 3 and there are six almshouses. BADGE WORTH (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Cheltenham, Upper division of the hundred of Dudstone and King's Barton, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 4 miles (S. W. by W.) from Cheltenham 5 containing, with the hamlets of Bentham, Little Shurdington, and Little Witcombe, 903 inhabit- ants, of whom 210 are in the hamlet of Badge worth. The living is a vicarage, with Great Shurdington an- nexed, valued in the king’s books at £20. 11. 3.3 net income, £295 3 patron, Joseph Ellis Viner, Esq. 5 im- propriators, Principal and Fellows of Jesus’ College, Oxford, in whom the great tithes are vested for the sup- port of a school at Abergavenny, subject to a deduction of £16 per annum paid to Christ-Church College, Cam- bridge. The church is in the early English style, with some later portions, and a very handsome tower. The Rev. William Stanby, formerly vicar of Badgeworth, bequeathed a rent- charge of £5 for apprenticing boys, and there are also various charitable donations in money, for distribution among the poor. On an estate called Cold Pool is a mineral spring, the water of which is similar to that of Cheltenham. BADGINGTON, or Bagendon (St, Margaret), a parish, in the union of Cirencester, hundred of Crow- thorne and Minety, E. division of the county of^ BADM BADS Gloucester, 3:| miles (N.) from Cirencester 3 contain- ing 172 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 1100 acres of land in good cultivation, and stone of inferior quality is raised for road-making and rough building. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 4. 4j., and in the gift of Jesus’ College, Oxford : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £200, and the glebe consists of about 78 acres. A school is chiefly supported by the rector. BADGWORTH (St, Congar), a parish, in the union of Axbridge, hundred of Winterstoke, E. division of Somerset, 2^ miles (S. W. by W.) from Axbridge ; containing 321 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £25. 15., and in the gift of Sir J. Mordaunt, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £432. 9., and the glebe comprises 85| acres. A school for this and the adjoin- ing parish of Weare is supported by subscription. BADIALTON. — See Bathealton. BADINGHAM (St, John the Baptist), a parish, in the union and hundred of Hoxne, E. division of Suf- folk, 14 miles (N. by E.) from Woodbridge ; contain- ing 864 inhabitants, and comprising 3172a. 26p. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £22. 16. 8. 3 patron and incumbent, Rev. Robert Gor- ton, whose tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £875, and who has 25 acres of glebe. The church is in the perpendicular style, and has a nave and chancel, and an embattled tower. BADLESMERE (St, Leonard), a parish, in the union and hundred of Faversham, Upper division of the lathe of Scray, E. division of Kent, 4j miles (S.) from Faversham 3 containing 122 inhabitants. It com- prises about 600 acres of land, of which the surface is hilly, and the soil clay and chalk. A fair is held on Nov. 5th. The living is a discharged rectory, with that of Leaveland united, valued in the king’s books at £5. 2., and in the patronage of Lord Sondes : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £400, and the glebe consists of 13 acres. A parsonage-house was built in 1836. BADLEY (St, Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Bosmere and Claydon, E. division of Suffolk, 2 miles (W. N. W.) from Needham 5 con- taining 83 inhabitants. This parish, which comprises about 1200 acres, is situated on the navigable river Gipping, by which it is bounded on the north-east, and is traversed by the road from Ipswich to Bury- St. Edmund’s. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £40 3 patron and impropriator, Earl of Ash- burnham. The church is an ancient structure, contain- ing many memorials of the Poleys. BADMINTON, GREAT (St, Michael), a parish in the union of Chipping, Upper division of the hundred of Grumbald’s-Ash, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 6| miles (E. by N.) from Chipping- Sod- bury 3 containing 552 inhabitants. This parish, to- gether with Little Badminton, is nearly included within the boundary wall of Badminton Park, the seat of the Duke of Beaufort, whose ancestor, the first duke, built a princely mansion in the reign of Charles II., on the site of an ancient house belonging to the Boteler family. The roads from Cheltenham and Cirencester to Bath unite here, and pass through the parish. The petty- sessions for the division are regularly held at the Cross 123 Hands. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 5. 7^- ; net income, £7 3 patron, Duke of Beaufort, by whose father the church was re- built in 1785. Mary, Duchess Dowager, in 1705, gave a rent-charge of £94 for the endowment of an alms- house for three men and three women, and a school for poor children. BADMINTON, LITTLE, a ty thing, in the parish of Hawkesbury, union of Chipping-Sodbury, Upper division of the hundred of Grumbald’s-Ash, W. divi- sion of the county of Gloucester 3 containing 127 inhabitants. Here was a chapel to the vicarage of Great Badminton, now in ruins. BADSEY (St, James), a parish, in the union of Evesham, Upper division of the hundred of Blacken- HURST, Pershore and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, miles (E. by S.) from Evesham 3 con- taining, with the hamlet of Aldington, 497 inhabitants. The parish comprises 1795 acres, and is bordered on the west by the navigable river Avon, which here re- ceives a small brook, which in its course turns several mills, including a silk-mill. It is crossed from west to east by the road from Evesham to Chipping-Campden. The living is a perpetual curacy, valued in the king’s books at £5. 6. 8.; net income, £150 3 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Canons of ChristrChurch, Ox- ford. BADSHOT, a tything, in the parish and hundred of Farnham, W. division of Surrey, 2 miles (N. E. by E.) from Farnham 3 containing, with the tything of Runfold, 1410 inhabitants. BADS WORTH (St, Mary), a parish, in the Upper division of the wapentake of Osgoldcross, W. riding of York 3 containing 750 inhabitants, of whom 200 are in the township of Badsworth, 5 miles (S.) from Pontefract. The parish, which is on the road from Wakefield to Doncaster, comprises the townships of Badsworth, Thorp-Audlin, and Upton, and consists of about 4320 acres of productive land, of which 1750 are in the first-named township, the property of the Earl Fitzwilliam, and the centre of a sporting district called the Badsworth Hunt. The place was the residence of Col. Bright, an eminent officer in the parliamentarian army, who was created a baronet soon after the restora- tion, and died here, and was buried in the church : his mansion has since been inhabited by various families in succession, and is now the seat of Joseph Scott, Esq., one of the co-heirs of the ancient family of Rockley, of Rockley, in Worsbrough. Thomas Brook, Esq., has a neat house in the parish. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £32. 5. 10., and in the patronage of the Earl of Derby : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £500, and the glebe comprises 168 acres. The church is an ancient struc- ture in the decorated English style, with later insertions, and was thoroughly repaired in 1826, at an expense of £500. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. The parochial school was built by Lady Rockingham, and is supported chiefly by Earl Fitzwilliam, who allows the master £10 per annum, and by subscription : a similar school for girls was built %y subscription in 1826. Thomas Bright, Esq., in 1739;, bequeathed the interest of £30 for distribution amongst the poor 3 and 30 acres of land, producing £43 per annum, are appropriated to the repair of the church and other parochial uses. R 2 B A G I B A G T BAD WELL-ASH (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Stow, hundred of Blackbourn, W. division of Suffolk, 5 miles (E.) from Ixworth 3 containing 458 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, with a net income of £69, and is in the patronage of Miss R. Clough, to whom the impropriation belongs, and whose tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £357. The church is in the decorated style, and consists of a nave, chancel, and south aisle, with an embattled tower. A school of industry for girls and a Sunday school are supported by the incumbent. BAGBOROUGH, WEST (Holy Trinity), a pa- rish, in the union of Taunton, hundred of Taun- ton and Taunton-Dean, W. division of Somerset, 8 miles (N. W. by W.) from Taunton 3 containing 449 inhabitants. The parish is situated in a fertile district, watered by numerous streams from the hills in the vicinity, and abounds with pleasingly diversified scenery 3 it comprises by measurement 1972 acres, of which 762 are arable, 742 meadow, 150 woodland, and 120 com- mon. The living is u rectory, valued in the king’s books at £18. 10. 10. 3 patron and incumbent, Rev. J. B. B. Clarke, whose tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £295. 4., and who has a glebe of 63 acres. A school was established in 1838. BAGBURY, a hamlet, in the parish of Evercreech, union of Shepton-Mallet, hundred of Wells-Fo- RUM, E. division of Somtirset 3 containing 23 inhabit- ants. BAGBY, a township, in the parish of Kirby- Knowle, union of Thirsk, wapentake of Birdforth, N. riding of York, miles (E. S. E.) from Thirsk 3 containing, with the hamlet of Islebeck, 317 inhabit- ants. This township is separated from the parish by intervening portions of other parishes, and is situated near Thirkleby, about 4 miles .distant from the paro- chial church. It is intersected by the Great North of England railway. There is a chapel of ease here 3 and also a place of worship for Wesleyans. BAGGRAVE, a liberty, in that part of the parish of Hungerton, which is in the hundred of Gartree, union of Billesdon, N. division of the county of Leicester, 8^ miles (E. N. E.) from Leicester 3 con- taining 27 inhabitants. BAGINGTON (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Warwick, Kenilworth division of the hundred of Knightlow, union and S. division of the county of Warwick, 3| miles (S. by E.) from Coventry 3 containing 245 inhabitants. It is situated between the rivers Avon and Sow, the former bounding it on the east, and the latter on the west, and it consists of 1650 acres, of which a considerable portion is attached to Bagington Hall. The Duke of Hereford, afterwards Henry IV., previously to the day appointed for the combat between him and the Duke of Norfolk, at Coventry, in the reign of Richard II., took up his resi- dence in an ancient castle in the parish, of which there are now no remains. The hall was built in 1706 (the old manor-house having in that year been destroyed by fire), by William Bromley, Esq., speaker of the house of commons, and subsequently one of the principal secretaries of state. The London and Birmingham rail- way passes in the vicinity, and here is a station on the line. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 1. 8., and in the patronage and incum- 124 bency of the Rev. W. D. Bromley, whose tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £355, and who has a glebe of 19 acres. A school conducted on the na- tional plan is supported by an endowment. BAGLEY-WOOD, an extra-parochial liberty, in the hundred of Hormer, county of Berks, 3j miles (N. by E.) from Abingdon 3 containing 21 inhabitants, and comprising 390 acres. A monastery was founded here by Cissa, viceroy of Centwine, ninth king of Wessex, which w^as removed to Abingdon in 680, that town and its appendages having been assigned to it by Cead- walla. BAGNALL, with Bucknall, a parish, in the union of Stoke-upon-Trent, N. division of the hundred of PiREHiLL, and of the county of Stafford, 3^ miles (N. E.) from Hanley 3 containing 1609 inhabitants, of whom 374 are in the township of Bagnall. This place was formerly included in the extensive parish of Stoke, from which it was separated in 1807, by an act of par- liament which constituted Bucknall a distinct rectory. The living is a perpetual curacy, annexed to Bucknall, which see. BAGNOR, a tything, in the parish of Speen, union of Newbury, hundred of Faircross, county of Berks, 2 miles (N. W.) from Speenhamland 3 containing 165 inhabitants. BAGSHOT, a chapelry, in the parish of Windles- HAM, union of Chertsey, First division of the hundred ofWoKEiNG, W. division of Surrey, 12 miles (N. N.W.) from Guildford, and 26 (W. S. W.) from London, on the great western road 3 containing 107 1 inhabitants. This place, formerly called Holy Hall, gives name to a tract of heath land, which was anciently more extensive, a great part having been inclosed and cultivated. It was once the residence of the kings of England, who had a mansion here, and a park, which was laid open after the civil war in the reign of Charles I. : it was recently occupied' by the late Duke of Gloucester. On the bor- ders of Bagshot Heath are some handsome villas, and the village contains good inns. The chapel was built in 1819, by subscription, aided by a grant of £200 from the In- corporated Society, in consideration of which 225 sittings are free. There is a small place of worship for Baptists ; and an almshouse for six men and women was built by James Butler, Esq. BAGSHOT, a hamlet, in the parish of Shalbourn, union of Hungerford, hundred of Kinwardstone, Marlborough and Ramsbury and S. divisions of W1LTS3 containing 194 inhabitants. BAGTHORPE {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Docking, hundred of Gallow, W. division of Nor- folk, 2 miles (E.) from Great Bircham; containing 78 inhabitants. It comprises 750a. 2r. 26p., of which about 600 acres are arable, 72 pasture and meadow, and 70 woodland. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 10., and in the gift of G. W. Chad, Esq., owner of the soil : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £140, and there are eight acres of glebe. The church is in the early English style. A small school is supported by Mr. Chad. BAGTHORPE, a hamlet, in the parish of Selston, union of Basford, N. division of the wapentake of Broxtow, and of the county of Nottingham 3 con- taining 566 inhabitants. BAIL BAIN BAGULEY, a township, in the parish of Bowdon, union of Altrincham, hundred of Bucklow, N. divi- siop of the county of Chester, 6:1 miles (W. by S.) from Stockport 5 containing 505 inhabitants. The tithes have been commuted for rent-charges amounting to £214, of which £153 are payable to the Bishop of Ches- ter, £34 to the vicar of Bowdon, and £27 to the rector of Northen. BAGWORTH, a chapelry, in the parish of Thorn- ton, union of Market-Bosworth, hundred of Spark- ENHOE, S. division of the county of Leicester, 5 miles (N. E.) from Market-Bosworth j containing, with the extra-parochial liberty of Bagworth-Park, 569 inhabit- ants. The Leicester and Swannington railway passes through the place. The chapel is dedicated to the Holy Rood. A school, with a house and garden, was founded by Lord Maynard, in I76I, and endowed with £8 per annum j and £20 per annum, the produce of various bequests, are distributed among the poor. BAILDON, a chapelry, under Gilbert’s act, in the parish of Otley, Upper division of the wapentake of Skyrack, W. riding of York, 4 - miles (N. by W.) from Bradford ; containing 3280 inhabitants. This chapelry, which is divided into Upper and Lower Bail- don, and includes the hamlets of Moorside, Charles- town, Gill’s Mills, Trench, and the Green, comprises 1378a. 2r. 37p., of which 546 acres are inclosed, 7OO common, and the remainder wood. The lands, which belong to several proprietors, of whom Miss Meeke is lady of the manor, are chiefly arable, with a due proportion of meadow and pasture 5 the substratum abounds with coal, of which a mine, now in operation, is supposed to have been one of the first opened in this part of the country 5 and with stone of good quality, which is quarried for building purposes and for flags. The surface is boldly varied, and the scenery in many parts strikingly picturesque. Batley House, the seat of William Scholefield, Esq., is a substantial mansion of stone, beautifully situated, and commanding extensive and diversified prospects. The village of Baildon, which is spacious and well built, is situated on an eminence overlooking the valley of the Aire, in which is a pictu- resque waterfall 5 and the inhabitants are chiefly em- ployed in the worsted manufacture, which is carried on to a considerable extent. In the centre of the village is an ancient cross ; and fairs are held on the 2nd of March and the 4th of November. The Leeds and Liverpool canal, which borders on the chapelry, affords facility of conveyance. The chapel, dedicated to St. John, is a very ancient structure, and from the similarity of some of its details, is supposed to be coeval with the founda- tion of Kirkstall Abbey : it contains 500 sittings, and has an old font, curiously sculptured. The living is a per- petual curacy, in the patronage of the Vicar of Otley 3 net income, £148, arising from a glebe of 110 acres, allotted at the inclosure. There are places of worship for Primitive Methodists, Moravians, and Wesleyans. Christopher Topham, Esq., in 1753, bequeathed two farms, together producing £44 per annum, for appren- ticing boys of the townships of Baildon, Marston, and Settrington, with each of whom is given a premium varying from £5 to £10. BAILEY, with Aighton and Chaigley, a town- ship, in the parish of Mitton, union of Clitheroe, Lower division of the hundred of Blackburn, N. divi- 125 sion of the county of Lancaster, 8 miles (N.) from Blackburn 3 containing 1798 inhabitants. BAILIE, a township, in the parish of Bewcastle, union of Longtown, Eskdale ward, E. division of Cumberland, 5 miles (E. N. E.) from Longtown 3 con- taining 431 inhabitants. The scenery is of a romantic description, and there is a long range of lofty crags, which extends to the point where the kingdom of Scot- land and the counties of Cumberland and Northum- berland meet. A school is conducted on the national plan. BAINBRIDGE, a township, in the parish of Ays- GARTH, wapentake of Hang-West, N. riding of York, 1 J mile (S. W.) from Askrigg 5 containing 786 inhabit- ants. This township, which comprises by computation 14,210 acres, takes its name from its situation on the river Bain, which is here crossed by a good stone bridge on the Aysgarth road, and is a considerable stream tri- butary to the neighbouring Ure, over which is also a bridge on the Askrigg road, about half a mile apart from the former. The Bain is supplied from the lake Seamere- water, which is about three miles in circumference, and has its source among the mountains of Ra)^dale-side, a secluded valley within this township : it has two beauti- ful cataracts on its north-western side, and is a favourite resort of several kinds of waterfowl. Overlooking the mouth of the lake stands the beautiful rural hamlet of Counter* side, opposite the Roman station on Addle- brough mountain, from which, down to Brough hill, in the vicinity, also the site of a Roman camp, are distinct traces of the ancient road. The lofty station of Addle- brough, with the camp beneath, commanded an im- portant and extensive district, now comprised, with its various ramifications, under the name of Wensley dale, and varying from the wildest mountain to the richest vale scenery in England, though but imperfectly known to tourists. Wensley dale is a portion of the district anciently known under the name of Richmondshire. Near the camp at Brough hill have been found divers Roman relics, including a statue of the Emperor Corn- modus. At Stalling -Busk, in Ray dale-side, is a chapel of ease 3 at Bainbridge the Wesleyans and Society of Friends have places of worship 3 and the Friends have also a meeting-house at Counter-side. A free grammar school was founded by Anthony Besson, Esq., in the 43rd of Queen Elizabeth, which is endowed with £200 per annum, arising from a house in York and a field in this parish. An ancient custom exists of blowing a horn every night at ten o’clock, from Sept. 27th to Shrovetide, intended as a signal to the benighted tra- veller, and said to have originated when the country was an open forest. The celebrated Dr. John Fothergill was born at Carr-End, in the district. BAINTON (St. Marv), a parish, in the union of Stamford, and soke of Peterborough, N. division of the county of Northampton, 4| miles (S. E.) from Stamford 3 containing I6I inhabitants. The parish is situated on the road from London to Stamford, and near the river Welland, which is navigable to Boston 3 it comprises 993a. Ir. 3 Ip. of fertile land, and contains some quarries of stone, chiefly used for rough building and road- making. The living is united with the rectory of Ufford 3 the tithes were commuted for corn-rents in 1796. The church exhibits some interesting specimens of early English architecture. A substantial school- BAKE BAKE house was erected in 18^0, by the late Sir John Trol- lope, Bart., at an expense of £340, he being the last trustee of a bequest made by the Rev. Richard Haw, a part of which is appropriated to the poor. On the east of the parish are remains of the Roman road to Lincoln. BAINTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Stoke-Lyne, union of Bicester, hundred of Plough ley, county of Oxford, 3 miles (N.) from Bicester. BAINTON {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Driffield, Bainton-Beacon division of the wapentake of Harthill, E. riding of York, 5| miles (S. W.) from Great Driffield 3 containing 452 inhabitants. This place, in which a beacon was anciently erected on an eminence near the village, to give notice of approaching danger, gives the name to this division of the wapentake. The parish comprises 3280 acres, which include Neswick, and of which two-thirds are arable, and the remainder meadow and pasture, with a small portion of woodland. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £35. 14. 9 ^. 3 net income, £757 ; patrons. President and Fellows of St. John’s College, Oxford. The land attached : comprises about 602 acres, the tithes for the township of Bainton having been commuted for land in 1774. The church is an ancient structure, the tower of which exhibits a part nnly of its octagonal spire, the other part having fallen down about the middle of the last century : the interior, which was repaired in 1842, contains several interesting antiquities. There are places of worship for Primitive Methodists and Wesleyans 3 and a girls’ school is supported by Mrs. Grimston, and a national and an infants’ school, by subscription. The petty-sessionS for the Bainton-Beacon division are held here once a month. BAITHLEY, county of Norfolk. — See Bale. BAKEWELL (All Saints), a market-town and parish, and the head of a union, (exclusively of a portion which is in the union of Chapel-en-le-Frith,) in the hundred of High Peak, N. division of the county of Derby 3 comprising the towmships of Ashford, Bake- well, Baslow with Bubnell, Beeley, Blackwell, Brushfield, Buxton, Calver, Chelmorton, Curbar, Flagg, Froggatt, Harthill, Hassop, Great Longstone with Holme, Little Longstone, Monyash, Over and Nether Haddon, Row- land, Great Rowsley, Sheldon, Taddington with Priest- cliffe, and part of Ward low 3 and containing 10,363 inhabitants, of whom 1976 are in the town, 26 miles (N. W.) from Derby, and 152 (N. W. by N.) from London. The Saxon name of this place, Baderanwylla, or Badde cum Well, of which its present appellation is a contrac- tion, is derived from a chalybeate spring, which was in great repute prior to the year 924, when Edward the Elder is said to have built a castle, or fort, in the vici- nity. The town, which is in an improving state, is situated on the river Wye, in a beautiful and picturesque vale, about four miles from the confluence of the Wye and Derwent, and at nearly an equal distance from Bujtton and Matlock, between which places is an ex- cellent road, leading through a district replete with pleasingly diversified scenery. Two miles south of the town is Haddon Hall, the property of the Duke of Rutland, lord of the manor, and one of the largest and most perfect of the ancient baronial mansions in the king- dom : about three miles tow^ards the north-east is Chats- worth House, the princely seat of the Duke of Devonshire, 126 in which Mary, Queen of Scots, was confined in the year 1570 3 and about two miles and a half to the north is Hassop Hall, the seat of the Earl of Newburgh. The chalybeate baths have been lately re-established by the Duke of Rutland, and are now in the occupation of Mr. White Watson, F.L.S. 3 the principal bath is 33 feet long, 16 wide, and of proportionate depth, and is con- stantly supplied with fresh w^ater, which, on its influx, emits a considerable quantity of carbonic acid gas, and possesses a temperature of 60° of Fahrenheit. There are also shower-baths and a private warm-bath with suitable accommodations 3 and a news-room has been added to the establishment. An Agricultural Society has been formed, the members of wffiich hold their meetings at Bakewell and Chesterfield alternately, ge- nerally in October. Near the entrance into the town from Ashford stands a cotton-mill, erected by the late Sir Richard Arkwright, in which about 300 persons are employed 3 and in the immediate vicinity are extensive lead-mines and quarries of black and grey marble, and of chertz, which is used in the Staffordshire potteries, in manufacturing earthenware. The market is on Friday : on every alternate Monday there is a cattle-market, which is now extremely well supplied with store and fat cattle and sheep 3 and fairs are held on Easter- Monday, Whit-Monday, Aug. 26th, the Monday next after Oct. 10th, and the Monday after Nov. 11th, for horses and horned cattle. One of the quarter-sessions for the county was formerly, and a' petty- session for the hundred of High Peak, on the first and third Friday in every month, is still, held here. A mineral court is also held for the manor, according to the local articles and cus- toms of the lead-mines within it, which have prevailed from time immemorial. The parish comprises about 70,000 acres, chiefly of hilly ground, affording excellent pasture for sheep and cattle, and of wffiich the Dukes of Rutland and Devon- shire are the principal proprietors. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £40 3 net income, £350 3 patrons and appropriators, Dean and Chapter of Lichfield. The tithes for the township of Bakewell and Over-Haddon were commuted, with some exceptions, for land and a money payment, in 1806. The church is a spacious cruciform structure, partly Norman, and partly in the early English style : the central tower, which was surmounted by a lofty spire, becoming dangerous, from the failure of the pillars that supported it, has been lately taken down. Within are several magnificent altar- tombs of alabaster, supporting recumbent figures, and a stone font of great antiquity 3 and in the churchyard is a cross, decorated with rude sculpture, but greatly mutilated. There are places of worship for Independents and Wesleyans. A free school was founded by Lady Grace Manners in 1636, and endowed with £15 per annum, which has been aug- mented with £35 per annum by the Duke of Rutland 3 and Mary Hague, in 1715, gave certain houses and 16 perches of land, for which several poor female children are instructed. St, John’s hospital, for six aged men, was founded and endowed in 1602, by Sir John Manners Sutton and his brother 3 the income amounts to £40 per annum. A dispensary and a lying-in institution have been established, and are supported by subscription. The poor law union of Bakewell comprises 50 parishes and places, and contains a population of 31,319. Dr. BALD BALD Thomas Denman, an eminent physician, and father of Lord Denman, chief justice of the court of queen’s bench, was born here in 1733. BALBY, with Hexthorp, a township, in the parish, union, and soke of Doncaster, W. riding of York, l| mile (S. S. W.) from Doncaster ; containing, with Hex- thorp, 486 inhabitants. The township comprises about 1420 acres, of which 640 are the property of the corpo- ration of Doncaster, who are lords of the manor. In the village, which is pleasantly situated on the road from -Doncaster to Rotherham, are a brewery, and some tanneries. The first meetings of the Society of Friends, under their founder, George Fox, were held at Balby, and the neighbouring village of Warms worth. BALCOMB {St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Guckfield, partly in the hundred of Street, but chiefly in the hundred of Buttinghill, rape of Lewes, E. division of Sussex, 4 miles (N.) from Cuckfield 5 con- taining 1542 inhabitants. It comprises about 4170 acres, and is intersected by the London and Brighton railway, which here passes through its principal tunnel, the con- struction of which was attended with much difficulty on account of the extraordinary swelling of the earth when, exposed to the air : midway between Balcomb and Cuckfield, the line is carried over the river Ouse by a viaduct 462 yards in length, and 60 yards high, which rests on 37 arches. The living is a rectory, valued in the jung’s books at £15. 18. 6|., and in the gift of the family of Bethune : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £450, and the glebe comprises 70 acres. About a quarter of a mile from the church is a spring, the water of which is similar in its properties to the Tonbridge waters. BALDERSBY, a township, in the parish of Top- cliffe, wapentake of Hallikeld, N. riding of York, 5f miles (N. N. E.) from Ripoh 5 containing 296 in- habitants. This place is on the road from Thirsk to Ripon, and comprises by computation 1600 acres, chiefly the property of the Duke of Devonshire, who is lord of the manor. The river Swale passes on the east, and on the west is the great Roman road, now called Leeming Lane. A school has a small endowment bequeathed by the Rev. Mr. Day, in 1764. BALDERSTON, a district chapelry, in the parish, union, and Lower division of the hundred, of Black- burn, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 4^ miles (N. W.) from Blackburn 3 containing 585 inhabitants. It comprises 1704a. Ir. 3p., of which 141 acres are wmodland and plantations, and the remainder arable and pasture. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £90 ; patron. Vicar of Blackburn. The church is dedi- cated to St. Leonard. At Mellor Brook, a hamlet in the chapelry, is St. Saviour’s chapel, purchased from the Independents in 1834 by subscription, and remodelled for the use of the Establishment. There is a school on the national plan. BALDERTON {St. Giles), a parish, in the union of Newark, S. division of the wapentake of Newark and of the county of Nottingham, 2 miles (S. E.) from Newark ; containing 899 inhabitants. The parish com- prises 3600 acres of land, with a clayey and sandy soil, and of which the Duke of Newcastle is one of the chief proprietors : the village consists of several well-built and substantial houses, and the surrounding scenery is agreeably diversified. Theliving is a vicarage, annexed to 127 that of Earn don : the glebe comprises about 33 acres. The church is a very handsome edifice, principally in the later English style, with a lofty spire, and has a richly-ornamented Norman porch of exceeding beauty and in good preservation. A school has been endowed by William Alvey, with a rent-charge of £18. BALDOCK {St. Mary), a market-town and parish, in the union of Hitchen, hundred of Broadwater, county of Hertford, 18 miles (N. by W.) from Hert- ford, and 37 (N. by W.) from London ; containing 1807 inhabitants. This place, in the reign of Stephen, belonged to the Knights Templars, to whom Gilbert, Earl of Pembroke, gave the site, which, in a charter of confirma- tion granted by his descendant William, is termed Bau- doc, of which the present name is a variation 3 though some antiquaries derive it from Balbec, supposing the town to have been so called by the Templars, in memory of the city of that name in Syria, from which their order had been expelled by the Saracens. The town is situated near the intersection of the great north road and the Roman Ikeneld- street, between two hills which command an extensive view of a fine open country, and consists principally of one street* : the houses are mostly ancient, but interspersed with several of modern erection, and the inhabitants are amply supplied with water. A hor- ticultural society, patronized by the nobility and gentry in the neighbourhood, was established in 1825. The trade is principally in malt, the land in the vicinity being highly favourable to the growth of barley : the fens and marsh land near the town form an extensive grazing district, and a great quantity of cheese of a peculiar quality is made here j there is also a very large brewery. The general market, which was on Saturday, has been discontinued ; and a market, exclusively for the sale of straw-plat, is now held on Friday. The fairs are on the festivals of St. James, St. Andrew, and St. Matthew, each continuing two days 3 at the last a great quantity of cheese is sold. The county magistrates hold a petty-session here on the first Monday in every month. The parish comprises about 150 acres of land, of which the soil is in general chalky, The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 8. 9v and in the patronage of the Crown 5 net in- come, £126. The church, erected by the Knights Templars, and nearly rebuilt in the early part of the fifteenth century, is a spacious structure, partly in the Norman, and partly in the later English style, with an octagonal steeple rebuilt a few years ago, and contains a finely carved oak screen, part of the ancient rood-loft, and a very curious ijpnt. There are places of worship for the Society of Friends, Independents, and Wesleyans 5 and a national school has been erected. Almshouses for twelve aged widows were founded and endowed, in 1621, by Mr. John Winne. In cutting through Baldock hill, to form a new turnpike-road, a great number of fossils, consisting of cornua ammonis, sharks’ teeth, &c., was discovered. BALDON, MARSH {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Abingdon, hundred of Bullington, county of Oxford, 6 miles (S. E. by S.) from Oxford 3 contain- ing 360 inhabitants. This parish, which comprises by measurement 804 acres, originally called Meres or Mars, and ultimately Marsh-Baldon, derives its distinguishing name from one De la Mare, a descendant ot whom was patron of the living in 1381. In 1836, an act was BALL B A L S obtained for dividing and allotting lands in the parishes of Marsh-Baldon and Toot-Baldon. The benefice is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 4. 3 net income, £93 5 patron, Sir H. P. Willoughby, Bart. The church is distinguished by a highly picturesque tower, mantled with ivy : over the communion table is a painting of the Salutation, presented by the late Sir Christopher Willoughby. Dr. Jolin Bridges, Bishop of Oxford, who died in 16 1 8, was buried here. BALDON, TOOT {St. Lawrence) y a parish, in the union of Abingdon, hundred of Bullington, county of Oxford, miles (S. E.) from Oxford ; containing 269 inhabitants. This place, in Domesday book, is called Baudindon, and was afterwards named Toot- Balden, or Baldon, probably from one Le Tote, a landed proprietor, to distinguish it from the adjoining parish of Marsh-Baldon. The living is a discharged vicarage, within the jurisdiction of the Peculiar Court of Dorches- ter : the vicar receives £5. 5. per annum, as a payment in lieu of tithes, and the interest of £502, a sum raised by private subscription about forty years since ; patron, Sir H. P. Willoughby, Bart, BALE, or Baithley {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Walsingham, hundred of Holt, W. divi- sion of Norfolk, 16 miles (N.) from East Dereham 3 containing 229 inhabitants. It comprises 1041a. 2r. 38p. of which 824 acres are arable, 100 pasture, and 73 wood- land. The living is a discharged rectory, united to that of Gunthorpe, and valued in the king’s books at £10. 13. 4. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £305, and there are 21 acres of glebe. The church is in the decorated and perpendicular styles. Here was anciently a chapel, dedicated to St. Botolph. A rental of £8, arising from land, is applied to the repairs of the church j and another of about £ 7 , arising from land purchased with a bequest by Christopher Ringar, in I678, is distributed in blankets and other clothing. BALHAM-HILL. — See Tooting, Upper. BALK, a township, in the parish of Kirby-Knole, union of Thirsk, wapentake of Birdforth, N. riding of York, 3 |- miles (E. S. E.) from Thirsk 5 containing 89 inhabitants. It comprises about 780 acres, chiefly the property of Viscount Downe, who is lord of the manor. BALKHOLME, a township, in the parish and union of Howden, wapentake of Howdenshire, E. riding of York, 3 miles (E.) from Howden ; comprising by com- putation 550 acres, and containing 165 inhabitants. It is on the road from Howden to North Cave 3 and the river Ouse passes not far distant on the south. BALLIDON, a chapelry, in the parish of Brad- borne, hundred of Wirksworth, S. division of the county of Derby, 5 f miles (N. N. E.) from Ashbourn 3 containing 92 inhabitants. BALLINGDON, anciently Brundon, a parish, in the union of Sudbury, hundred of Hinckford, N. di- vision of Essex, ^ a mile (S. W. by W.) from Sudbury 3 containing 843 inhabitants. After the decay of the parochial church, the village of Ballingdon, which was previously only a chapelry in the parish of Brundon, became the head of the parish, and now gives name to the whole. The soil, in some parts, is a stiffish clay, retaining moisture, and in others a sandy loam, forming some of the best arable land in the district. The living 128 is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 4., and in the patronage of W. H. Windham, Esq. The inhabit- ants resort to the church of All Saints, Sudbury, and contribute towards the church-rate of that parish. BALLINGHAM {St. Dubritius), a parish, in the union of Ross, Upper division of the hundred of Wor- MELOW, county of Hereford, 7 miles (N. by W.) from Ross 3 containing 149 inhabitants. The parish is situ- ated on the right bank of the Wye, that river surround- ing it on all sides except the west : it comprises 840 acres. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £1653 patron and impropriator. Sir E. F. S. Stanhope, Bart. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £177. 10. A school is supported by voluntary con- tributions. BALL’S-POND, an ecclesiastical district, in the pa- rish of Islington, Finsbury division of the hundred of OssuLSTONE, county of Middlesex, 2 miles (N.) from London. This agreeable suburb of the metropolis is of modern origin, and consists principally of uniform ranges of houses of recent erection. A very large open area, surrounded by a wall and cattle-sheds, with a handsome entrance, has been formed for a market-place, intended to supersede the celebrated market in Smith- field 3 and an act for opening it as a general cattle-market was procured by its enterprising proprietor Mr. Perkins 3 but it was soon after closed from want of business, and no cattle have been sold there for some years. A church, dedicated to St. Paul, was erected in 1827, at an expense of £10,947. 16., and is a handsome structure, in the later English style, with a low square tower, embattled and crowned with pinnacles. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £335 ; patron. Vicar of Islington. There is a place of worship for Independents. A school on the national plan, and an infants’ school, have been established in connexion with the Church 5 and there are almshouses of a handsome style belonging to the London Benefit Societies, the Tilers’ and Bricklayers’ Company, the Cutlers’ Company, and the Dyers’ Company, of London. Samuel Rogers, Esq. the eminent poet, was born in that part of Newington green which is within the district. — See Islington. BALNE, a township, in the parish of Snaith, Lower division of the wapentake of Osgoldcross, W. riding of York, 5j miles (S. W. by W.) from Snaith 5 containing 341 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 2750 acres, of which about 115 are wmodland ; the soil is chiefly of a sandy nature. The village, which is scat- tered, lies to the south of the Knottingley and Goole canal. The Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists have each a place of worship. BALSALL, a chapelry, in the parish of Hampton- in-Arden, union of Solihull, Solihull division of the hundred of Hemlingford, N. division of the county of Warwick, 4^ miles (S. E. by E.) from Solihull 3 con- taining 1160 inhabitants. It comprises 4824 acres, and is partly bounded on the west by the river Blythe, and on the east skirted by the road between Kenilworth and Coleshill. The chapel, dedicated to St. Mary, was ori- ginally the church of a preceptory founded here, by the Knights Templars, to whom Roger de Mowbray had given the lordship : it was repaired in 1823, at a cost of £979. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £50 5 patrons. Governors of Balsall Hospital, in whom the impropriation is also vested. Lady Katherine Leve- B A M B B A M B son in I67O devised the manor for the erection and endowment of an hospital for twenty women. This hospital was incorporated in the 1st year of the reign of Queen Anne^ and eleven trustees were appointed^ with power to enlarge the buildings and increase the number of inmates, which now amounts to thirty ; exclusively of whom the establishment consists of a master, under- master, apothecary, matron, and nurse. The annual receipts amount to about £1500, of which the master, in addition to his fixed stipend, receives £50 as perpetual curate of Balsall ; and a stipend of £50 is also paid to the vicar of Long Itchington. BALSCOTT, a chapelry, in the parish of Wroxton, union of Banbury, hundred of Bloxham, county of Oxford, 5 miles (W. N. W.) from Banbury 5 containing 199 inhabitants. The village contains some interesting remains of ancient domestic architecture. The chapel is remarkable for having the tower on its south side. Until 1821, the dead were interred at Wroxton ; but on the 28th of August in that year the chapelyard here was consecrated. BALSHAM {Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Linton, hundred of Radfieud, county of Cam- bridge, 3 miles (N. E. by N.) from Linton ; containing 1271 inhabitants. It comprises about 4500 acres, the soil consisting principally of clay and chalk. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £39. I6. 8. 3 net income, £1104 j patrons. Governors of the Charter- house, London. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1801. A little westward from the village are Gogmagog hills, on the summit of which are remains of a circular camp with a double rampart, supposed to be British. Hugh de Balsbam, founder of Peter-house College, Cambridge, was born and is in- terred here 5 and Thomas Sutton, founder of the Charter- house, resided at the place. The ancient trench, called Fleam-dyke, commences in the vicinity. BALTERLEY, a township, in the parish of Bar- THOMLEY, union of Newcastle-under-Lyne, N. divi- sion of the hundred of Pi rehill and of the county of Stafford, miles (N. W. by W.) from Newcastle 3 containing 3l6 inhabitants. The tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £134. BALTONSBOROUGH {St. Dunstan), a parish, in the union of Wells, hundred of Glaston-Twelve- Hides, E. division of Somerset, 5 miles (S. E.) from Glastonbury 3 containing 718 inhabitants. It is annexed to the vicarage of Butleigh. BAMBROUGH {St. Aidan), a parish, in the union of Belford, N. division of Bambrough ward, and of Northumberland 3 comprising the chapelries of Bead- nell, Lucker, and North Sunderland, and the townships of Adderstone, Bambrough, Bambrough- Castle, Brad- ford, Budle, Burton, Elford, Fleetham, Glororum, Hop- pen, Mouson, Newham, Newstead, Out Chester, ^ Ratch- wood, Shorestone, Spindlestone, Swinhoe, Tughall, Warenford, and Warenton3 and containing 4231 inha- bitants, of whom 375 are in the township of Bambrough, 4f miles (E. by N.) from Belford. Bambrough, origi- nally called Behbanhurg, was, prior to the Conquest, a royal Saxon burgh, and the residence of several of the kings of Northumbria. It sent two members to parlia- ment in the 23rd of Edward I., and in the reign of Edward III., furnished one ship for the expedition against Calais 3 it had also a market, which has long VoL. I. — 129 been discontinued. The surrounding district, formerly called Bambroughshire, was a separate franchise, in the possession of various privileges, now become obsolete. The village occupies an airy and pleasant situation near the sea and Budle bay. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £121 3 patron, the Trustees of Lord Crewe, who, with other proprietors, are the impropriators. The church was, with another long since in ruins, given by Henry I. to the priory of Nostel, in Yorkshire, where- upon a small convent of Augustine canons was founded here, in 1 137, as a cell to that priory, the revenue of which, at the dissolution, was £124. 15. 7- There were also a college, an hospital dedicated to St. Mary Magda- lene, and a house of Preaching Friars. Numerous children of both sexes are instructed in schools sup- ported by subscription. The church estate, which is situated at Fowberry, in Bambrough township, consists of a farm-house, out-buildings, and about 63 acres of land, let for £100 per annum, which is applied to all the purposes of a church-rate. BAMBROUGH-CASTLE, a township, in the parish, and N. division of the ward, of Bambrough, union of Belford, N. division of Northumberland, 5 miles (E. by N.) from Belford 3 containing 59 inhabitants. This township is principally distinguished for its castle, built about the middle of the sixth century, by Ida, the first Anglo-Saxon king of Northumbria. In 642 it was besieged by Penda, King of Mercia, who, after an un- successful attempt to set it on fire, was compelled to retreat. In the beginning of the eighth century, Berth- frid, guardian of Osred, the young Northumbrian king, defended it against the usurper Eadulph, who was taken prisoner and put to death. It was plundered and almost demolished by the Danes in 993, but it was soon after- wards restored. After the Norman Conquest, it was held by Robert de Mowbray, on whose insurrection against William Rufus it was besieged, and, after an obstinate defence, surrendered to that monarch, who threatened, unless it were given up, to put out the eyes of Mowbray, who had been taken prisoner. During the war between Stephen and the Empress Matilda, and the protracted struggle between the houses of York and Lancaster, the castle sustained repeated sieges : it was taken in 1463 by Margaret of Anjou^ queen of Henry VI., on her route to Hexham, after landing at Berwick, on her return from France, and at length became dilapi- dated in the reign of Henry VII. The castle and manor were granted, in the reign of James II., to John Forster, Esq., one of whose descendants having joined the Pre- tender, they were confiscated to the crown, and were purchased by Lord Crewe, Bishop of Durham, who, in 1720, devised this estate to trustees for charitable pur- poses. Under the direction of Dr. Sharp, Archdeacon of Durham, the castle, then in ruins, was repaired in 17^7, and apartments were fitted up, in which one of the trustees might occasionally reside, to superintend the establishment. The castle is situated on the summit of a steep rock, which projects into the sea, and rises perpendicularly to the height of 150 feet above low- water mark, being accessible only on the south-east side, where is the ancient gateway, flanked with a circular tower on each side, and formerly defended by a trench cut through a narrow isthmus communicating with the main land. Within a short distance of this is a more modern gate- S B A M P way^ with a portcullis ; and a little further on is a round tower. The keep, which is of Norman architecture, and the most ancient part of the building, is a lofty square structure. Tn 1773, the ruins of a church, or chapel, erected in the castle during the Norman period, were discovered, and the font, richly carved, is pre- served, among other curiosities, in the keep. In the castle-yard are granaries, in which corn is stored to be sold to the poor at proper times 5 and a market is opened every Tuesday and Friday, when the industrious poor are supplied with meal and grocery at the cost price. In another part of the castle-yard is a dispensary, at which a surgeon attends twice every week 3 and from the surplus revenue of the charity the trustees have also established two national schools, for which schoolrooms have been appropriated in the castle, and which are free to all poor children who may come. Thirty girls, between the ages of nine and sixteen, are admitted to board and lodge in the castle, and are likewise provided with clothes and washing. In ITT'S, the trustees founded a library in the castle, to which the late Dr. Sharp generously bequeathed the whole of his valuable books, including the greater part of the library of Dr. Sharp, Archbishop of York j and this collection, including nearly 6OOO volumes, is open to persons residing in the neighbourhood under certain regulations. A principal object of the establishment is also to afford assistance to shipwrecked mariners : implements requisite for rendering aid to stranded vessels are kept in the castle, and patrols are constantly stationed along the coast in stormy nights 5 and when vessels are observed to be in distress, signals are made from the summit of the tower to the fishermen at Holy Island, for whom the trustees have procured a life-boat, and whom they reward for their services : the trustees also supply the shipwrecked mariners with clothes, and with the means of returning to their homes. BAMBURGH. — See Baijmber. BAMFORD, a hamlet, in the parish of Hathersage, union of Chapel-en-le-Frith, hundred of High Peak, N. division of the county of Derby, miles (N. by W.) from Stoney-Middletonj containing 297 inhabitants. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £33. 9., and the vicarial for one of £4 3 and there is a glebe of 33 acres. BAMFORD, with Birtle, a township, in the parish of Middleton, union of Bury, hundred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 3 miles (W. S. W.) from Rochdale 3 containing 1753 inhabitants. The township is situated on the road from the town of Rochdale to that of Bury. BAMPTON {St. Michael), a market-town and pa- rish, in the union of Tiverton, hundred of Bampton, Cullompton and N. divisions of Devon, 21 miles (N. by E.) from Exeter, and 162 (W. by S.) from London) containing 2049 inhabitants. Bampton is supposed by Bishop Gibson to have been the Beamdune of the Saxon Chronicle, where, in 614, the Britons were defeated with great slaughter by Cynegils, King of the West Saxons. Other antiquaries, referring this event to Bindon in Dorset, derive its ancient names Bathermtown and Bath- rumpton from the river Batherm, which flows into the Exe, about one mile and a quarter below the town, and thence, by contraction, deduce the present name. The parish contains between 7000 and 8000 acres, of which 130 B A M P the surface consists of numerous hills formed of lime- stone, and the soil runs through several varieties, and is liable, especially in the valleys, to inundations from the rivers Exe and Batherm. The town is pleasantly situ- ated in a vale watered by the river 3 the houses are irre- gularly built of stone, and amply supplied with water. The principal branch of manufacture is that of, serge: limestone is obtained in large quantities, and of excellent quality. The market is on Wednesday 3 fairs are held on Whit-Tuesday and the last Thursday in Oct. 3 and on the Wednesday before Lady-day and the last Thurs- day in November are two large markets, both of which are well attended : at the fairs and great markets a large number of sheep are sold, which, from the excellence of the pastures, are remarkable for size and flavour. A portreeve, two constables, and other officers, are ap- pointed annually by the lord of the manor. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £20 3 net income, £1183 patron, the Rev. P. Parkin 3 impropriator, Charles Chichester, Esq. The church is a spacious structure, in the early English style, containing several monuments to the Earls of Bath. At Petton, four miles distant from the church, is a chapel, in which divine service is performed on every Sunday 3 at Shil- lingford are the ruins of an old chapel. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists 3 and a charity school is conducted on the national plan. In the town is a chalybeate spring, strongly impregnated with iron. The site of an ancient castle, erected in 1336, by a member of the family of Cogan, is still discernible on a mount. John de Bampton, a Carmelite monk, and the first who read Aristotle publicly at Cambridge, was a native of the town. BAMPTON {St. Mary), a town and parish, in the union of Witney, hundred of Bampton, county of Ox- ford, 16 miles (W. by S.) from Oxford, and 70 (W. N. W.) from London 3 comprising the hamlets of Aston, Bright- hampton. Chimney, Coate, Lew, and Weald, the chapelry of Shifford, and the township of Bampton 3 and contain- ing 2734 inhabitants, of whom 778 are in the township. This place, called by the Saxons Bemtune, was a town of some importance during the heptarchy, and for a considerable period afterwards : in the reign of Edward the Confessor it was annexed to the diocese of Exeter, by Leofric, chaplain to that monarch, and first bishop of the see. It is bounded on the south by the river Isis, on which there are some convenient wharfs 5 the houses are neatly built, and the inhabitants are plenti- fully supplied with water, which springs through a gravelly soil 3 there are a subscription library and a newsroom. A considerable trade was formerly carried on in leather, which has greatly declined. A fair is held on the 26th and 27th of August, the former day being for the sale of horses. Bampton has two divisions for the transaction of its civil affairs, the one called the eastern and the other the western 3 the justices in petty- sessions for the former division , meet at Witney, and for the latter at Burford, and courts leet of the joint pro- prietors of the manor are held, at which constables and other officers are appointed. A town -hall has recently been erected in the market-place by subscription. The living is a vicarage, in three portions, each valued in the king’s books at £10. 0. 10., and in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Exeter 3 net income of each portion, £525. The tithes, with certain 4 B A M P B A N B exceptions/ were commuted in 1812, for land and corn- minor bequests for the benefit of the poor. Thomas rents. The church is a spacious cruciform structure, Gibson, M.D., (who married the daughter of Richard partly Norman, and partly in the early English style, Cromwell, son of the Protector,) physician- general to with a massive square embattled tower surmounted by the army, and author of a “System of Anatomy, ’ was an octagonal spire j the Norman doorway leading into a native of High Knipe, in the parish, where also was the south transept, and the semi-porch and western born, in 1669, his nephew, Edmund Gibson, D.D., entrance, are fine specimens of the early English, and Bishop of London, and editor of two improved editions the interior of the belfry, which is in its original state of Camden’s Britannia, and other learned works, and perfectly entire, is a beautiful specimen of Norman BAMPTON, KIRK ( St. Peter), a parish, in Cum- decoration. There is a chapel of ease at Shifford, and berland ward, E. division of Cumberland, 6| miles another has been lately built at Aston, chiefly by the (W.) from Carlisle j comprising the townships of Kirk- portionists, who perform divine service there gratuit- Bampton, Little Barapton, and Oughterby 5 and con- ously. The free school was founded in 1635, by Robert taining 536 inhabitants, of whom 1Q3 are in the township Vesey, of Chimney, in the parish, who endowed it with of Kirk-Bampton. The living is a discharged rectory, £200, which, with subsequent benefactions, was laid valued in the king’s books at £14. I7. 10. 3 net income, out in the purchase of eight acres of land, now let for £100 3 patrons, alternately, Earl of Lonsdale and Sir £2S per annum : in 1T84, £400 stock w^as given for the Wastell Brisco, Bart. There are two chalybeate springs, instruction of ten additional scholars. A national school one of them discovered in 1826, near Fingland Rigg. is partly supported by an endowment, arising from an BAMPTON, LITTLE, a township, in the parish of estate at Shilton, and from turnpike trusts. There are Kirk-Bampton, Cumberland ward, E. division of slight remains of a castle, supposed to have been erected Cumberland, 5 miles (N. by E.) from Wigton 3 con- in the reign of John, and of a quadrangular form, with taining 212 inhabitants. The tithes have been corn- towers at the angles, and bastions at the entrance on the muted for rent-charges amounting to £125, of which easPand west sides. In the hamlet of Chimney was an £58. 6. 6. are payable to the Dean and Chapter of Car- ancient chapel, taken down in 1758 3 and in that of lisle, and £66. 13. 6. to the rector of the parish. Shifford, as appears from a Saxon MS. in the Cottonian BANBURY {St. Mary), library, Alfred the Great held one of his first councils, a borough, market-town, probably on a piece of ground near the chapel, called and parish, and the head of Court Close. A field called Kinsey is supposed to have a union, chiefly in the hun- beeii originally the “King’s Way,” Phillips, the author dred of Banbury, county of the “ Splendid Shilling,” a poem on Cider, &c., was of Oxford, but partly in born here in I676. that of King’s-Sutton, S. BAMPTON {St. Patrick), a parish, in West ward division of the county of and union, county of Westmorland, 9 miles (S.) from Northampton 3 contain- Penrith 3 containing, with part of Mardale chapelry, ing, with the township of 579 inhabitants. This parish comprises by measure- Neithrop and the hamlets ment 3720 acres, and is intersected by the river Low- of Grimsbury and Nether- ther. Here is a beautiful lake, called Hawsewater, about cote, 7366 inhabitants, of three miles long, and half a mile broad, its head being whom 3746 are in the old borough, 22 miles (N.) from environed by an assemblage of lofty mountains, its east- Oxford, and 69 (N. W.) from London. This place, ern side sheltered by well-planted rocky eminences, and called by the Saxons Baneshyrig, is supposed to have its western bordered by cultivated fields. The living is been occupied by the Romans, which opinion is corro- a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at borated by the discovery of Roman coins and an altar, £7. 5., and in the patronage of the Crown 3 net income, the latter relic having been preserved under an arch- £101. The impropriate tithes belong to the Earl of way in front of an inn, until about the year 1775 • there Lonsdale and the trustees of the free grammar school, is also, in a field near the south entrance to the town, a of whom the former has a rent-charge of £l64, and the sort of amphitheatre, called “the Bear garden,’ pre- latter one of £54. 8. 5 and the vicarial tithes have been senting two rows of seats cut in the side of a hill, and commuted for £19. 16. The church was rebuilt on the of very ancient date. About the year 1135, a castle site of the former, in I726 : the vicarage-house was was built here by Alexander, the ambitious and warlike rebuilt also, about the same period, by Dr. Gibson, Bishop of Lincoln, who, when taken prisoner by King Bishop of London. The free grammar school was Stephen, was compelled to resign this, with Newark founded in 1627, by Thomas Sutton, D.D., who vested and other fortresses which he had erected. It was in trustees the sum of £500, collected in the parish of afterwards restored to the see, and long continued to be St. Saviour, Southwark, and other places, with which a one of the residences of the bishops, but in the 1st of portion of the rectorial tithes of Bampton was pur- Edward VI. was resigned to the crown 3 it is described chased, and other benefactions for the purchase of by Leland, in the reign of Henry VIII., as “ a castle books have been added. A school at Roughill was having two wards, and each ward a ditch 3 in the outer established by Edmund Noble, and endowed with is a terrible prison for convict men 3 in the north part £9. 15. 10. per annum 3 and Richard Wright founded a of the inner ward is a fair piece of new building of school at Measand, in 1723, which is endowed with stone.” During the war between the houses of York property producing £50 per annum. Here are also and Lancaster, the neighbourhood was the scene of a three parochial libraries, established respectively in sanguinary conflict, in 1469, between a vast body of in- 1710 , 1750, and 1757, and comprising in the aggre- surgents from the north (said to have been privately gate upwards of 800 volumes 3 and there are some encouraged by the Earl of Warwick), and the army of 131 S 2 Seal and Arms. B A N B B A N B Edward IV., commanded by the Earl of Pembroke, who bad been joined by Lord Stafford with about 5000 men. The armies met on a plain called Danesmoor, nearEdg- cott, five miles from Banbury 3 and a conflict ensued, somewhat advantageous to the insurgents. In the evening, the king’s forces having retired to Banbury, a quarrel took place between Pembroke and Stafford respecting quarters at the inn ; in consequence of which Lord Stafford quitted the town with his followers, and left Pembroke alone to meet the enemy (who had en- camped on a hill near the town) on the following day. In the battle which ensued the royal army was de- feated, with the loss of 4000 men j and the gallant Pembroke and his brother, Sir Richard Herbert, being taken prisoners, were on the next day beheaded at this place, together with ten other gentlemen of the king’s party. At the commencement of the civil war of the seven- teenth century, the inhabitants espoused the cause of the parliament with so much zeal as to give occasion to the mirth and raillery of some writers of that and sub- sequent periods. The castle was at first garrisoned for the parliament, but was surrendered to the king in the week following the battle of Edge-hill, Oct. 1642 3 it withstood a slight siege from the parliamentarians in 1643 , and a very severe one in 1644. After the affair at Cropredy-Bridge, three miles to the north, on the 29 th of June in that year, the siege was pressed with the utmost vigour 3 Col. John Fiennes, a son of Lord Saye, having brought to the assistance of the besieging party all the disposable forces from Northamptonshire and Warwickshire. A breach being effected, an assault was made on Sept. 23rd, but without success. At length, on Oct. 25th, the Earl of Northampton, having defeated the parliamentary cavalry on the south side of the town, was enabled to relieve the garrison, after the siege had continued thirteen weeks, and when the de- fenders had eaten all their horses except two : the de- fence was conducted by Sir William Compton. In 1646 the castle was again besieged, by Col. Whalley, who encamped before it ten weeks 3 and, the king hav- ing now joined the Scottish army, and further resist- ance being useless, the garrison capitulated on honour- able terms. Of this once massive fortress the only ves- tige is a part of one of the walls, on which a cottage has been erected, and the site is now occupied by fruitful gardens. The TOWN is pleasantly situated in a fertile valley, on the banks of the small river Cherwell, which separates this county from Northamptonshire 3 it formerly con- sisted of old streets irregularly built, but it has been greatly improved under an act passed in the 6th of George IV. for paving, lighting, and watching the borough 3 the shops are excellent, the streets for the most part wide and airy, and the footpaths well paved : the carriage ways are Macadamized with a durable kind of iron-stone brought from the border of Leicestershire 3 the streets are lighted with gas, and the supply of water is generally abundant. A subscription library and mechanics’ institute have been established. The manufacture of plush, shag, and girth-webbing was for- merly carried on to a considerable extent, but has of late somewhat declined. Banbury was noted for a peculiar kind of cheese, but has long since lost this distinction 3 its cakes, however, still enjoy great and 132 deserved celebrity. The Oxford and Coventry canal passes close to the town, communicating with all parts of the kingdom, and affording facility for every kind of trade. The market is held on Thursday, and, from the situation of the town in a fertile and populous agricul- tural district, is much frequented. Fairs are held on the first Thursday after Old Twelfth-day and three pre- ceding days (which is greatly celebrated for the trade in horses), the third Thursdays in Feb., March, and April, Holy-Thursday, the third Thursdays in June, July (for cattle and wool), August, and Sept., the Thurs- day after Old Michaelmas (which is also a statute fair for the hiring of servants), the third Thursday after Old Michaelmas, the third Thursday in Nov., and the second Thursday before Christmas. The inhabitants were originally incorporated in 1554, by Queen Mary, who granted them a charter, in consideration of ser- vices rendered in the suppression of the Duke of North- umberland’s rebellion upon her accession to the throne. A second was bestowed by James I. in I6O9 3 and, in 171 8, George I. conferred the charter by which, until the passing of the Municipal Reform Act, the borough was governed. The corporation consists of a mayor, 4 aldermen, and 12 councillors, and the number of burgesses is about 300 3 a commission of the peace has been issued to four justices, who hold a court of petty- session every Monday 3 and a court of general sessions and gaol delivery is held by the recorder, four times in the year. A court of record, which had fallen into disuse, was revived in 1833, and is regularly held for determining all kinds of civil causes to the amount of £40. The elective franchise was granted in the reign of Mary, from which period the borough has continued to return one member to parliament 3 the mayor is the returning officer. The borough for municipal purposes comprises 300 acres, but for the election of the member is co-extensive with the parish, and contains 4182 acres. The town-hall is a modern brick building, and there is a gaol for the borough, in which a tread-mill has been erected. The parish comprises a considerable tract of land under tillage, and some portions of grazing and meadow 3 the surface is partly hilly, and the soil a rich loam, well cultivated. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 22 . 0 . 2 ., and in the patronage of the Bishop of Oxford : the vicarage is endowed with 43 acres of land in the parish of Shutford, and with 4 acres in-Warkworth, Northamptonshire, together with a modus in lieu of small tithes 3 the value of the whole of which is about £Q 0 a year, which amount has been nearly doubled by the aid of Queen Anne’s Bounty, and partial help from private sources. The church was erected pursuant to an act obtained in 1790 , under which the old church, a noble cruciform edifice, and a beautiful specimen of the pointed style, was taken down : it is a very spacious building, with galleries all round, and the view of the interior, with its numerous and ele- gant columns, and its lofty ceiling in the form of a dome, is very imposing, but externally the edifice has a heavy and inelegant appearance. There are places of worship for Calvinists, the Society of Friends, Inde- pendents, Wesleyans, Presbyterians, and others 3 and a handsome and commodious Roman Catholic chapel has been recently erected. A Blue-coat school, established by subscription in 1 705, and endowed with property to BANS B A N W the amount of £80 per annum^ was incorporated^ in 1817, with a national school formed in that year. The poor law union of Banbury comprises 51 parishes and places, of which 1 is in the county of Gloucester, 7 are in Northampton tind Warwick respectively, and 36 in Oxford, the whole containing a population of 28,482. An hospital, dedicated to St. John, stood near the en- trance to the town from Oxford, the remains of which, consisting of the outer walls, have been incorporated in a private residence 3 and in the township of Grimsbury, near the foot of Banbury bridge, another charitable foundation, for leprous brethren, was anciently situ- ated, the site of which is still called the Spital farm.” Among the natural curiosities are many species of petri- factions j and the surrounding district is rich in native botany. BANHAM (St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Guilt-Cross, W. division of Norfolk, 5 miles (S. by E.) from Attleborough j containing 1165 inhabitants. It comprises about 4000 acres of rich loamy land, belonging to various proprietors, and con- tains many scattered houses : the village is situated on a gentle eminence. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 3. 6^., and in the patronage of the Crown, with a net income of £800 : the glebe com- prises 34 acres. The church, a large handsome build- ing, with a square tower surmounted by a wooden spire, was founded by Sir Hugh Bardolp, Knt., whose effigy is in a chapel belonging to the church, and some trifling remains of whose family seat are still visible in the parish. There are places of worship for Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists 3 and 150 acres of fen land were awarded for the benefit of the poor at the inclosure. BANK NEWTON, a township, in the parish of Gargrave, union of Skipton, E. division of the wapen- take of Staincliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 6 miles (W.) from Skipton 3 containing 129 inhabitants. This township, which is situated in the western portion of the parish, comprises by computation 2280 acres, all in meadow and pasture 3 some of the inclosures are among the largest in the district of Craven. BANKS-FEE, or South-Field, a hamlet, in the parish of Longborough, union of Stow-on-the-Wold, Upper division of the hundred of Kiftsgate, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 1 ^ mile (N. by W.) from Stow. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £125. BANNINGHAM (St. Botolph), a parish, in the union of Aylsham, hundred of South Erpingham, E. division of Norfolk, 2 miles (N. E.) from Aylsham 3 containing 329 inhabitants. The parish comprises about 1000 acres of land, of which the surface is flat, and the soil a strong loam on brick earth. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 15. 10., and in the gift of S. Bignold, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £375, and the glebe consists of 18 acres. The church is in the decorated and perpen- dicular styles, with a lofty embattled tower. There is a place of worship for Primitive Methodists 3 and a school, conducted on the national system, is supported by sub- scription. BAN STEAD (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Epsom, First division of the hundred of Copthorne, W. division of Surrey, 3 j miles (E. S. E.) from Epsom 3 containing II68 inhabitants. It is situated on high 133 ground on the chalk hill which stretches into Kent, and comprises by computation more than 5000 acres, chiefly in pasture. Banstead Downs are remarkable for their verdure 3 and the fine pasturage they afford to numerous flocks of sheep has long rendered the excellence of Ban- stead mutton proverbial : a considerable portion of them has, however, been brought under tillage of late years. The living is a perpetual curacy, valued in the king’s books at £13. 8. 7^. j patron and incumbent. Rev. W. L. Buckle. The great tithes, belonging to the Rev. Mr. Buckle and R. Hudson, Esq., have been commuted for a rent-charge of £393, the vicarial for £300, and a rent- charge of £201. 5. 9. is payable to the trustees of New- port grammar school 3 the glebe consists of 6-| acres. The church is built of flints, and consists of a nave, aisles, and chancel, with a tower surmounted by a lofty spire. There is a place of worship for dissenters in the hamlet of Tadworth 3 and two schools on the national plan are supported. BAN WELL (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Axbridge, hundred of Winterstoke, E. division of Somerset, 5 miles (N. N. W.) from Axbridge 3 contain- ing 1819 inhabitants. The manor has been in the possession of the bishops of Bath and Wells since the time of Edward the Confessor, with the exception of the short reign of Edward VI. 3 and one of them built an episcopal palace here, the remains of which, in the early part of the last century, were converted into a private residence, called Banwell Court, and the park has been divided into inclosures, wffiich have been assigned on lease for lives. Some of the leases have, however, been lately bought up, and the ground disposed in a tasteful manner, by forming plantations, with drives conducting to pleasing and richly variegated prospects. The bishop also, in 1827, erected a cottage ornee for his own accom- modation, and that of the numerous visiters which the discovery of two caverns in the rock, one denominated the Bone, and the other the Stalactite, cavern, has attracted hither. The parish comprises by measurement 5000 acres of land, of which the soil is fertile, and the substrata abound in mineral varieties 3 limestone and blue lias are quarried, and lead, iron, and copper ore, were formerly worked to a very great extent. The manufacture of paper is carried on, affording employ- ment to about 80 persons. The village is pleasantly situated under the Mendip hills, in a vale watered by a copious stream, issuing from a spring formerly in repute for medicinal properties, and from which the place is supposed to have taken its name. A fair for fat cattle is held on the 18th of January. The Bristol and Exeter rail- way passes through the parish, in which a station has been established. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £26. 6. 0^. 3 patrons and appropri- ators. Dean and Chapter of Bristol, whose tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £225, and the vicarial for £702. The church is a fine specimen of the later English style, and contains a richly carved screen and rood-loft, a finely sculptured stone pulpit, and windows of stained glass. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A school, established about I767, is endowed with £9. 11. per annum, and there are national schools for children of both sexes. A monastery was founded at Banwell by one of the early Saxon kings, to the abbacy of wffiich Alfred the Great appointed Asser, his subsequent biographer : it was entirely demolished B A R C BARD in the Danish irruptions, and, although restored, never recovered its former splendour, and fell to decay several years before the general suppression of religious houses. The summit of a neighbouring eminence is crowned by a British earth-work, inclosing within its irregular ram- part an area of about twenty acres ; and about a quarter of a mile from this is an intrenchment, nearly square, in the centre of which the ground is elevated in the form of a cross. BAPCHILD {St, Lawrence) , a parish, in the union and hundred of Milton, Upper division of the lathe of ScRAV, E. division of Kent, 1^ mile (E. S. E.) from Sittingbourne ; containing 338 inhabitants. Ecclesi- astical councils were held here during the heptarchy, in commemoration of one of which, convened under Arch- bishop Brightwald, in 794, an oratory or chapel was erected, of which there are still some remains. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8 ; patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Chichester. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £435. 5., and the vicarial for £165. 5. 6.3 the appropriate glebe consists of 5 acres, and the vicarial of 1 ^ acre. The church is prin- cipally in the early English style, with modern inser- tions, and has a shingled tower. A school is supported bya small endowment, and by subscriptions. BAPTON, a tything, in the parish of Fisherton- de-la-Mere, union of Wilton, hundred of Warmin- ster, though locally in the hundred of Dunworth, Warminster and S. divisions of Wilts, 6 miles (N. by E.) from Hindon 3 containing 143 inhabitants. BARBON, a chapelry, in the parish of Kirkby- Lonsdale, union of Kendal, Lonsdale ward, county of Westmorland, 4 miles (N, N, E.) from Kirkby- Lonsdale 3 containing 315 inhabitants. ' The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £66 3 patron, Vicar of Kirkby-Lonsdale. The chapel, and a school-room ad- joining it, were built partly by subscription, and partly by means of a rate, in 1815 3 the school has a small endowment, bequeathed by John Garnett, in the year 1721. BARBY (St, Mary), a parish^ in the union of Rugby, hundred of Fawsley, S. division of the county of Northampton, 6 miles (N. N. W.) from Daventry 3 containing, with Onely, 640 inhabitants. This parish, which is surrounded by Warwickshire on the north- west, and partly on the south, comprises by measurement 3353 acres, nearly all pasture 3 it is also intersected by the Oxford canal, and situated ' near the London and Birmingham railway. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £30. 2. 11 . 3 net income, £894; patrons. Trustees of the Rev. C. Williams. Barby Town Lands” consist of property left for charitable uses, and vested in feoffees 3 part of it comprises eight cottages and an acre and a half of garden ground, valued together at £37 per annum, which is applied in aid of a school. BARCHESTON (St, AT^rtin), a parish, in the union of Shipston-on-Stour, Brails division of the hundred of Kington, S. division of the county of Warwick, a mile (E. S. E.) from Shipston 3 containing, with the hamlet of Willington, 193 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 6 . 8.3 net income, £193 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. T. L. Snow. 134 BARCOMBE (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Chailey, hundred of Barcombe, rape of Lewes, E. division of Sussex, 4 miles (N. by E.) from Lewes 3 containing 1028 inhabitants. It comprises by survey nearly 3000 acres, and is bounded on the east by the river Ouse, on which is an ancient flour mill that has existed here since the Conquest, and has been for more than a century in the possession of the family of Mr. Russell -Gray, who has also established an extensive oil- mill at an expense of £10,000. Sandstone of good quality is quarried for building purposes. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £18. 10 . 10. 3 net income, £719 3 patron, the Crown. The church is an ancient edifice, in the early English style, with later additions 3 and a chapel was built at Spithurst in 1841, by subscription. BARDEN, a township, in the parish of Haukswell, union of Leyburn, wapentake of Hang-West, N. rid- ing of York, 5| miles (S. by W.) from Richmond 3 con- taining 1 1 1 inhabitants. It is a high moorland township, comprising by computation 1330 acres, and includes the small hamlet of Barden Dykes. The village is situated on an acclivity 3 and the road from Richmond to Ley- burn passes on the west of it, at a distance of about two miles. BARDEN, a township, in the chapelry of Bolton - Abbey, parish and union of Skipton, E. division of the wapentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 6 miles (N. E. byN.) from Skipton 3 containing 2J2 inhabitants. The township, which is situated in the vale of the river Wharfe, comprises by computation 7000 acres, the property of the Duke of Devonshire, who is lord of the manor, and includes the high moorland district, called Barden Park, which rises in lofty acclivi- ties from the western side of the valley. Near the river are the remains of Barden tower, formerly one of the six lodges of the forest-keepers, and subsequently en- larged and converted into an occasional residence of the Clifford family, and now a picturesque ruin. Near these remains is a chapel in which the incumbent of Bolton Abbey officiates. The interest of £ 1 ? 0 , the amount of various benefactions, is appropriated to the "instruction of children and the relief of the poor. BARDFIELD, GREAT (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Dunmow, hundred of Freshwell, N. divi- sion of Essex, 4 | miles (E. by S.) from Thaxted 3 con- taining 1120 inhabitants. This parish, which comprises 3670 acres, is separated on the north from the hundred of Hinckford by the river Pant, or Blackwater. The manor was granted by Henry YIH. to his queen, Anne of Cleves, and after her decease became the property of the family of Lurnley, from whom it passed to others, and was finally sold to the Governors of Guy’s Hospital, London. The village, which was formerly a market- town, and is still of considerable extent, is pleasantly situated on elevated ground, rising from the bank of a stream tributary to the Blackwater. A fair is held on the 22nd of June 3 and the petty-sessions for the hun- dred are held here on alternate Mondays. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £11, and in the gift of Devisees in trust of the late W. C. Key, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for rent- charges of £262. 11. and £445, the former payable to the incum- bent, and the latter to the Governors of Guy’s Hospital. The church is an ancient structure of stone, with a BARD BARF square tower, surmounted by a lofty spire of w^ood covered with lead, and consists of a nave, north and south aisles, and a chancel. A chantry was founded in it by William Bendlow, serjeant-at-law, in 1556. A school is endowed with £14 per annum, and a Lancas- terian school was established in 183^. BARDFIELD, LITTLE {St, Catherine), a parish, in the union of Dunmow, hundred of Freshwell, N. division of Essex, 3 miles (E.) from Thaxted 3 contain- ing 375 inhabitants. The parish, which comprises l6o4a. 9>r. 33p., and is finely situated in a fertile and well-cultivated district, was granted in the reign of Edward III. to the abbey of St. John, in Colchester. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11, and in the patronage of the Rev. Mordaunt Bar- nard : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £465, and there are 63 acres of glebe, with a hand- some parsonage-house. The church is a small ancient edifice, with a low tower, and contains some monuments to the Walford family. A school, now conducted on the national plan, was endowed, in 1774, with £18 per annum, by Sarah Barnard, who also endowed an alms- house for five widows. BARDFIELD-SALING (St. Margaret), a parish, in the union of Dunmow, hundred of Freshwell, N. division of Essex, 5f miles (N. E.) from Dunmow 3 containing 381 inhabitants, and comprising about 1100 acres. The living is a donative 3 net income, £75 3 patron, Rev. B. Goodrich 3 impropriator, J. M. Raikes, Esq. It was returned in the reign of Henry VIII. as a chantry, and granted to Henry Needham, by whom it was conveyed to George Maxey, Esq., but recovered by suit in chancery, on condition of his being allowed to appoint the chaplain. BARDNEY {St. Lawrence), a parish, in the W. division of the wapentake of Wraggoe, parts of Lind- sey, union and county of Lincoln, 10 miles (W.) from Horncastle 3 containing, with the hamlet of Southrow, 1192 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 5019 acres, of which 17II are arable, 2500 pasture, and 808 woodland. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7 5 net income, £60 3 patron and appropriator. Bishop of Lincoln, whose tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £280, exclusively of Southrow. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A free grammar school was founded in 17 11, by Thomas Kitchen, who endowed it, for the benefit of the children of Bardney, Bucknall, and Tupholm, with a salary of £35 per annum, for the master, together with a house and garden. There is also an almshouse for fourteen widowers and widows. A monastery founded here, in which Ethelred, King of Mercia, became a monk in 704, was destroyed by the Danes in 870 3 and, about the period of the Conquest, it was restored for a society of Benedictine monks, by Gilbert de Gaunt, Earl of Lin- coln : the revenue, at the dissolution, amounted to £429. 7. BARD ON- PARK, an extra-parochial liberty, in the union of Market-Bosworth, hundred of Sparkenhoe, S. division of the county of Leicester, 9| miles (N. W. by W.) from Leicester 3 containing 63 inhabitants. BARDSEA, a township, in the parish of Urswick, union of Ulverstone, hundred of Lonsdale, north of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 3 miles (S. by E.) from Ulverstone 3 containing 263 in- 135 habitants. Here are several malt-kilns, and in the neighbourhood is a copper-mine. A school is endowed with a rent» charge of £8. BARDSEY {All Saints), a parish, in the Lower division of the wapentake of Skyrack, W. riding of York 3 containing, with the townships of Bardsey-with- Rigton, Wothersome, and part of Wike, 469 inhabitants, of whom 364 are in the township of Bardsey- with- Rigton, 5 miles (S. W. by S.) from Wetherby, on the road to Leeds. This parish, which comprises 2600 acres, con- tains some quarries of excellent stone for building, in which are found many fossils, and abounds with pleas- ing scenery. The village is situated in the picturesque vale of a small rivulet, near the Wetherby road 3 and Rigton lies on the opposite side of the valley. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £4. 1. 8. 3 net income, £270 ; patron and im- propriator, George Lane Fox, Esq. The church is an ancient structure in the Norman style, of w^hich it is an elegant specimen : near it is a mound, called Castle hill, the supposed site of a Roman fortress. A school was endow^ed by Lord Bingley, in 1726, with 27 acres of land, which produce £20 per annum. Congreve, the poet and dramatist, thought to have been born at Bard- sey- Grange, was baptized here, in 1669. BARD WELL (St, Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in the union of Thingoe, hundred of Blackbourn, W. division of Suffolk, 2=J miles (N. by E.) from Ixworth 3 containing 826 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 17. 1., and in the gift of St. John’s College, Oxford : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £780, and there are 33 acres of glebe. The church is in the decorated style, and consists of a nave and chancel, with a lofty embat- tled tow^er 3 in the windows are several beautiful speci- mens of ancient stained glass. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists. The Town estate, left by William Beetson and others, consists of a building termed the Guildhall, used as a residence for the poor, six cottages, and several pieces of land, containing 68 acres, and yielding in the whole £87 per annum, of which £13 are allowed for the support of a school. BARE, a hamlet, in the parish of Lancaster, hun- dred of Lonsdale, south of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster, miles (N. W. by N.) from Lancaster 3 containing 120 inhabitants. BARFORD {St. Botolph), a parish, in the corpo- ration and hundred of Forehoe, E. division of Nor- folk, 3^ miles (N.) from Wymondham 3 containing 417 inhabitants. The parish comprises 1052a. 3r. I bp., of which 852 acres are arable, 192 meadow and pasture, and 8 woodland and plantations. The living is a dis- charged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 8. 4. 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. H. Francklin. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £350, one- half of which is paid to the Dean and Chapter of Nor- wich, and the other to the rector 3 and the glebe com- prises 31 acres, equally divided between the Dean and Chapter, and the rector. The church is a small edifice, in the early and later English styles, with a square tower. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BARFORD, an extra-parochial liberty, within the limits of the parish of Arthingworth> union of Ket- tering, hundred of Bothwell^ N. division of the county of Northampton, 3 miles (N. by W.) from BARF B A R H Kettering j containing 9 inhabitants. It comprises 360 acreSj of a rich and highly productive soil, and is inter- sected by the north branch of the river Nene, and bounded by the road from Kettering to Rockingham on the east. BARFORD {St. John), a chapelry, in the parish of East Adderbtjry, union of Banbury, hundred of Bloxham, county of Oxford, miles (N. W. by W.) from Deddington 3 containing 126 inhabitants, and com- prising by computation 700 acres. There is a school on the national plan. BARFORD {St. Peter), a parish, in the Warwick division of the hundred of Kington, union and county of Warwick, 3 miles (S. by W.) from Warwick 3 con- taining 849 inhabitants. The parish is pleasantly situ- ated on the left bank of the Avon, which flows through a finely varied tract of picturesque country into the grounds of Warwick Castle 3 it comprises 1594 acres, and the village contains several handsome and well-built houses. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 11. 0|. 3 net income, £869 3 patron, John Mills, Esq. The tithes were commuted for land and money payments, in I76O. The church is a neat edifice, and contains several monumental tablets. A school is endowed with about £48 per annum. BARFORD {St. Martin), a parish, in the union of Wilton, hundred of Cawden and Cadworth, Salis- bury and Amesbury and S. divisions of Wilts, miles (W.) from Wilton 3 containing, with Grovely wood, extra-parochial, 599 inhabitants. It is situated on the Shaftesbury road, and comprises 2246a. 3r. 2p. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £24. 2. 8^., and in the patronage of All Souls’ College, Oxford : the tithes have been commuted for rent-charges amounting to £627. 5., a portion of which belongs to the church of Salisbury, and a small part to the adjoin- ing rectory of Baverstock 3 the glebe consists of 92 acres. There are a national school for boys and girls, and an in- fants’ school. BARFORD, GREAT {All Souls), a parish, in the hundred of Barford, union and county of Bedford, 6 miles (E. N. E.) from Bedford 3 containing 814 inha- bitants. It is situated on the navigable river Ouse, which forms its south-eastern boundary, and over which is a neat bridge. The living is a discharged vicarage, united to that of Roxton, and valued in the king’s books at £9 : the tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, in 1820. The tower of the church is singu- larly placed at the east end of the south aisle : some writers have supposed, from the discovery of the foun- dations of massive walls, that the church was originally attached to an ancient castle, which existed here. There- is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A Sunday school was endowed, in 1827, by William Pedley, Esq., with £100, for the purchase of books. BARFORD, GREAT {St. Michael)', a parish, in the union of Banbury, hundred of Wootton, county of Oxford, 2 -^ miles (W. N. W.) from Deddington 5 containing 370 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, valued in the king’s books at £6. 5. 3 net income, £67 j patron and impropriator, John Hall, Esq. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, in I8O7. A school, conducted on the national system, was founded by the late William Wilson, Esq., of War- ton. BARFORD, LITTLE {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of St. Neots, hundred of Biggleswade, county of Bedford, 2 j miles (S. by W.) from St. Neot’s 3 con- taining 190 inhabitants. This parish, which comprises by computation 1240 acres, is situated on the river ^ Ouse, by which it is bounded on the west, and close to the road from Biggleswade to St. Neot’s 3 the soil in some places, and especially near the river, is exceedingly rich and productive. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 16. 3. ; net income, £2543 patron and incumbent. Rev. John Alington. The tithes were commuted for land, in 1778. The church is an ancient building, with a Norman arch over the south door, and a curious wooden screen between the nave and the chancel. A school is supported by the clergyman. Nicholas Rowe, the dramatic writer, and poet-laureat to George I., was a native of the place. BARFORTH, a township, in the parish of Forcett, union of Teesdale, wapentake of Gilling-West, N. riding of York, 6 miles (E.) from Barnard-Castle 5 con- taining 114 inhabitants. It is on the south bank of the Tees, and comprises by computation 1750 acres : a ferry crosses the river to the county of Durham. Within the township are the inconsiderable remains of a village called Old Richmond, formerly a Roman station 3 and there are also the ruins of an ancient chapel. BARFREYSTON {St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Eastry, lathe of St. Augustine, E. division of Kent, 5 miles (S. by E.) from Wingham 3 containing 125 inhabitants. It comprises by computa- tion 450 acres, chiefly arable. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 14. 3 net in- come, £160 3 patrons. President and Fellows of St. John’s College, Oxford. The church, supposed to be of the date of the twelfth century, presents a fine specimen of Norman architecture, especially in the southern porch, which is richly ornamented with varied mouldings. There are numerous tumuli in this and the adjoining parishes. BARHAM {St. Giles), a parish, in the hundred of Leightonstone, union and county of Huntingdon, 6 miles (N. N. E.) from Kimbolton 3 containing 107 inha- bitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patron- age of the Prebendary of Longstow in the Cathedral of Lincoln 3 net income, £58. BARHAM {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Bridge, hundred of Kinghamford, lathe of St. Augustine, E. division of Kent, 6 J miles (S. E. by S.) from Canterbury 3 containing 1151 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 4470 acres, of which 2147 are arable, 1301 pasture, 998 woodland, and 24 hops 3 and is celebrated for its pleasant and spacious downs, on which the Canterbury races are held in August. The living is annexed to the rectory of Bishopsbourne. A school, conducted on the national system, is supported by voluntary contributions. Barham gives the title of Baron to the family of Noel. BARHAM {St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Bosmere and Claydon, E. division of Suffolk, 4 miles (N. N. W.) from Ipswich 3 containing, with the inmates of the union workhouse, 576 inhabit- ants. The parish comprises about 1500 acres, and is bounded on the west by the navigable river Gipping. Shrubland Hall, formerly the seat of a branch of the Bacon family, descended from the Lord Keeper Bacon, 136 BARK BARK and iiQW of Sir William F. F. Middleton, Bart., has been greatly improved by the present proprietor, and is a splendid residence. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 10. 5. 5 net income, £342 3 patron. Rev. Henry Browne Longe. The church is a handsome edifice, chiefly in the decorated style, consist- ing of a nave and chancel, with a square tower on the south side, and the chancel contains many monuments to the Bacons and Southwells. In a field, called Chapel Field, the floor of an ancient chapel was lately turned up by the plough. A Roman road passed through Shrubland Park 3 and in the year 1840 a Roman apartment, six feet square, and a bath, five feet four inches long, two feet nine inches deep, and three feet wide, were discovered. The late Duke of Gloucester resided at Shrubland when in command of the district. BARHOLME {St. Martin), a parish, in the union of Stamford, wapentake of Ness, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 3f miles (W. by N.) from Market- Deeping 3 containing 165 inhabitants. This parish, in- cluding the hamlet of Stowe, comprises by measurement 1500 acres, of which 400 are in Stowe, and of the re- mainder, 1000 are arable and 100 pasture : the soil is gravelly, and in some parts fen. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, to which that of Stowe was united in 177^, valued in the king’s books at £5. 11. 8.3 net in- come, £147, arising from 70 acres of land allotted on the inclosure in lieu of tithe 3 patrons and impropriators, Governors of Oakham and Uppingham schools. The church is an ancient structure, partly in the Norman and early English styles, with a tower which, from an inscription in verse, appears to have been erected in 1648. BARKBY (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Barrow-upon-Soar, hundred of East Goscote, N. division of the county of Leicester, 5 miles (N. E.) from Leicester 3 containing, with the chapelries of Barkby-Thorp and North Thurmaston, 849 inhabitants. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10 3 net income, £250 3 patron and impropriator, W. A. Pochin, Esq. The tithes, with some exceptions, were commuted for land in I762. The church has been lately repewed, by aid of a grant of £100 from the Incorpo- rated Society, and 165 additional sittings have been provided, of which 143 are free. There is a school on the national plan. BARKBY-THORPE, a chapelry, in the parish of Barkby, union of Barrow-upon-Soar, hundred of East Goscote, N. division of the county of Leicester, 4 miles (N. E.) from Leicester 3 containing 70 inhabit- ants. BARKESTONE (St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in the union of Bingham, hundred of Framland, N. division of the county of Leicester, 4 miles (W. N. W*) from Belvoir Castle 3 containing 403 inhabitants. It comprises about 2000 acres, and is intersected by the Grantham and Nottingham canal : the soil is a dark- coloured tenacious clay, and the surface a gentle acclivity. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 5. 5. 3 net income, £114 3 patron and im- propriator, Duke of Rutland. The church, in 1840, was partly rebuilt and enlarged, and entirely refitted. Daniel Smith endowed a school for the instruction of sixteen boys and ten girls of the parishes of Barkestone and Plungar, to which has been added a national school 3 and Yol. L— 137 another for 26 girls is supported by the lady of the manor : a Sunday school is endowed with £20 per annum. BARKHAM {St. James), a parish, in the union of Wokingham, hundred of Charlton, county of Berks, 2 miles (S. W. by W.) from Wokingham 5 containing 248 inhabitants. It comprises 1362a. Ir. 5p., of which 743 acres are arable, 212 meadow and pasture, and 290 waste, common, and roads. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 15. 7^v in the patronage of C. Leveson Gower, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £368, and there are 22 acres of glebe. The church, a neat building, has been lately repaired, and contains a small organ. BARKING {St. Margaret), a parish, (formerly a market-town,) in the union of Romford, hundred of Becontree, S. division of Essex, 23 miles (S. W.) from Chelmsford, and 7 (N. E.) from London 3 confairiing 8718 inhabitants, of whom 3751 are in the town of Barking, exclusively of 987 men and boys engaged in the fishery, who were at sea at the time of the enumeration. The name of this place, formerly written Berking, is by some deduced from the Saxon words Beorce, a birch -tree, and Ing, a meadow 3 by others from Berg-lng, signifying a fortification in the meadows, probably from an an- cient intrenchment, about a quarter of a mile on the road to Ilford, of which there are still considerable ves- tiges. .The town derived its early importance from a very extensive and distinguished abbey, founded in 67O, by Erkenwald, Bishop of London, for nuns of the Bene- dictine order, and dedicated to the Virgin Mary, which was governed by a long succession of abbesses, of whom many were of noble, and some of royal, descent. In 87 0; Barking was burnt by the Danes, the abbey de- stroyed, and many of the nuns were massacred, and the rest dispersed 3 but the abbey was afterwards rebuilt, about the year 97 Q, by Edgar, whose queen, Elfrida, presided over it after his decease 3 and at the dissolution its revenue amounted to £1084. 6 . 2|r. Soon after the Conquest, William retired to the towm, till the comple- tion of the Tower of London, which he was then build- ing to heep the citizens in subjection 3 and here he was visited, during the preparation for his coronation, by Edwin, Earl of Mercia, and Morcar, Earl of Northum- berland, with many of the English nobles, who sw^ore fealty to him on the restoration of their estates. The TOWN is situated on the small river Roding, which, after flowing in two branches, unites with the Thames about two miles below : it is lighted with gas, by a company recently formed. The inhabitants are principally occu- pied in the fishery, having a number of vessels, which they send to the Dutch and Scottish coasts, and, on their return, the fish is forwarded to Billingsgate in smaller vessels. There is a convenient wharf at Barking creek, which is navigable to Ilford for vessels of eighty tons’ burthen, by which the neighbourhood is supplied with coal and timber 3 and near it is a large flour-mill, for- merly belonging to the abbey. A fair is held on Oct. 22iid. The upper part of the building, which was formerly the market-house, is appropriated to the pur- pose of a town-hall : attached to it is a small prison. The parish comprises a considerable portion of Hainault forest, and is divided into four wards, namely. Barking Town, Ripple, Great Ilford, and^ Chadwell : it is seven miles in length from north to south, and about T BARK BARK four in breadth from east to west. The lands are fertile and highly cultivated^ and many hundred acres in the vicinity are appropriated to the cultivation of potatoes for the London market. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £19. 8. 11^. j net income, about £900 5 patrons and impropriators, Warden and Fellows of All Souls’ College, Oxford. The church is a handsome structure, with a lofty tower of stone, and consists of a nave, with a south aisle, two north aisles, and a chancel, and contains some ancient monuments. A church has been erected at Ilford, and there are also a district chapel, and a chapel attached to St. Mary’s hospital : the ecclesiastical parish of Great Ilford was separated in 1836. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. Sir James Campbell, in 1641, bequeathed £666. 13. 4. for founding and endowing a free school, which sum was invested in the purchase of a rent-charge of £20, on lands in the county of York : the school- house, having become ruinous, was taken down, and a workhouse erected on its site, in which the children of the poor are taught by a master and a mistress, to whom the rent-charge is paid. In 1686 John Fowke, Esq., bequeathed certain estates for the maintenance of eight boys in Christ’s Hospital, London, two of whom are to be chosen from this parish. National schools, for boys and girls, are supported by subscription, and there are two unendowed almshouses 3 one containing four tene- ments, the other six. Of the conventual buildings of the abbey only the gateway remains, over which is the chapel of the Holy Rood : the arch is finely pointed, and enriched with deeply receding mouldings : above is a canopied niche under a fine window of three lights 3 the whole forming a square embattled tower, with an octagonal turret at one of the angles. It is called the Fire-bell gate, from its having anciently contained the curfew. Among the ruins of the abbey were found a fibula and a gold ring, on which were engraved the Salu- tation of the Virgin, and the letters I. M. BARKING {St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Bosmere and Claydon, E. division of Suffolk 3 comprising the post-town of Needham-Market, and the hamlet of Dormsden, and containing 1931 in- habitants. It comprises by admeasurement 3083 acres, and is traversed by the road from Ipswich to Bury- St. Edmund’s, and bounded on the north by the Stow- market and Ipswich navigation. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £27. 10. 7^., and in the gift of the Earl of Ashburnham ; the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £800 3 and the glebe consists of about 4 acres, and is ornamented with three very fine cedar trees, brought from Mount Lebanon in the year 17^5 3 an excellent rectory-house was built in 181 9. The church, which is picturesquely situated, is chiefly in the later st}de, and consists of nave, chancel, and side aisles, with an embattled tower. There is a chapel of ease at Dormsden, belonging to the parish 3 and besides an endowed grammar school, there is a Sunday school, supported by the rector. At Needham- Market is a small-pox hospital, founded chiefly by Ambrose Crawley, Esq., lord of the manor, in 1744 : there are almshouses also here 3 and the sum of about £60 per annum, derived from land, is distributed amongst the poor. BARKISLAND, a township, in the chapelry of Rip- PONDEN, parish and union of Halifax, wapentake of 138 Morley, W. riding of York, 5^ miles (S. W. by S.) from Halifax 3 containing 2391 inhabitants. This town- ship comprises by computation 2420 acres, of which about 1000 were inclosed by act of parliament in 1814 : it is partly the property of the Earl of Scarborough, who is lord of the manor, and of various families who have residences within its limits. The soil is generally fertile, and much of the land has been brought into a profitable state of cultivation : the scenery is pleasingly diversified, and in some parts embellished with wood 3 there are some quarries of slate, and of good building 3 and flag- stone. Barkisland Hall, the ancient seat of the Gled- hill family^ is a stately mansion in the old English style of domestic architecture, and has long been the pro- perty of the Bolds, of Bold Hall, Lancashire 3 and the Lower Hall, which is also a handsome residence, belongs to W. Baxter, Esq. Howroyde, erected in 1642 by W. Horton, Esq., who married the heiress of the Gledhills, is now the property of the Rev. J. T. Horton, vicar of Ormskirk, and in the occupation of Lady Mary Horton : it is a handsome mansion, in a well-wooded demesne abounding with picturesque scenery. The village, con- sisting of one long street, is pleasantly situated on the ridge of a hill sloping to the south, and the township comprises part of the village of Ripponden, and nume- rous scattered hamlets. The inhabitants are partly em- ployed in wool-combing, and in the manufacture of the coarser kinds of woollen cloth, which is carried on to a small extent. The grammar school, an ancient structure, was endowed in 1657 with £200 by Mrs. Sarah Gled- hill : a house for the master was erected in 1780, with a good garden attached to it, and the endowment now produces £40 per annum, which is paid to the master for teaching twelve children. Thomas Gledhill, Esq., bequeathed £170 to the minister of Ripponden, and £50 for the poor, which, in 1656, were vested in land, now yielding £40 per annum 3 of which one-third is distri- buted among the poor, and the residue given to the minister. An almshouse for two widows was endowed by an unknown benefactor, with a rent-charge of £3 3 and there are various other bequests for the poor. BARKSTON, a township, in the parish of Sher- BURN, Upper division of the wapentake of Barkstone- Ash, W riding of York, 5 miles (S. by E.) from Tad- caster 3 containing 323 inhabitants. It comprises about 1130 acres, chiefly arable, and generally fertile land : the road from Tadcaster to Pontefract intersects the town- ship 3 and the York and North-Midland railway passes on the east, and the Leeds and Selby railway on the south. The tithes were commuted for land and money payments in 1772. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. The hundred court was formerly held, probably under a large ash-tree, in this village, and hence -the name of the wapentake of Barkstone-Ash. BARKSTONE-IN-THE-WILLOWS {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Newark, soke of Grantham, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 4 miles ^N. N. E.) from Grantham 5 containing 413 inhabitants. It comprises by estimation 2083 acres, of which 1331 are arable, 549 pasture or meadow, and 44 woodland 3 besides which, there are 65 acres, chiefly arable, on which a small modus is payable 3 the soil is light, vary- ing from clay to sand : the river Witham, which is scarcely navigable, passes through the parish. A plea- sure fair is held in October. The living is a rectory, in B A R L B A R L the patronage of the Prebendary of North Grantham, in the Cathedral of Salisbury, valued in the king’s books at £13. 7* 6. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £610, and there are about 19 acres of glebe. The church is supposed to have been built in the reign of John. The Wesleyans have a place of worship. There is a small endowment for a school j and an alms- house for six people is endowed with £43 per annum. BARK WAY {St. Mary Magdalene) , a parish, in the union of Royston, hundred of Edwinstree, county of Hertford, 4 miles (S. S. E.) from Royston, 13f miles (N. N. E.) from Hertford, and 35 (N.) from London, bn the road to Cambridge ; containing, with the hamlets of Newsells and Nuthampstead, 1^91 inhabitants. In the reign of Henry III. a grant of a market, now disused, and of a fair, which is still held on July 20th, was obtained for this place. Nearly the whole town was destroyed by fire in the reign of Elizabeth, and again in 1748. It is pleasantly situated on rising ground, and consists principally of one street, which is a great thoroughfare : the houses in general are modern and neatly built, and the inhabitants are well supplied with water. The parish comprises chiefly arable land, with a large extent of wood, and a small portion of pasture. The living is a vicarage, consolidated in 1800 with the rectory of Reed, and valued in the king’s books at £14 : the impropriation belongs to Mrs. Vernon Harcourt : the tithes were commuted for land in 1801. The church is a spacious structure, combining various styles, with a square embattled tower. There is a place of worship for Independents j and a charity school for boys has an endowment of £10 per annum. BARKWITH, EAST {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Horncastle, E. division of the wapentake of Wraggoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 3 miles (N. E.) from Wragby j containing 255 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Lincoln to Louth 3 the soil is fertile, and abounds with a fine chalk marl, which is used as manure. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 10. 10. ; net income, £195 3 patron, G. F. Heneage, Esq., wdio is lord of the manor. The church is in the later style of English architecture, with an embattled tower, and has a font of very ancient date, highly ornamented 3 in a niche over the porch is a figure of the Virgin and Child. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BARKWITH, WEST {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Horncastle, E. division of the wapentake of Wraggoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 2^ miles (N. E.) from Wragby 3 containing 130 inhabitants. It contains by computation 700 acres, and is situated on the road between Lincoln and Louth, the church stand- ing at the thirteenth mile-stone from each of those towns. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 5. 5 net income, £l60, derived from 1 14 acres of land in lieu of tithes 3 patron. Rev. S. H. Wynn. There is a glebe-house in good repair, with a handsome garden. The church is a plain build- ing with an old tower, and contains an aisle and chancel. BARLASTON {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Stone, S. division of the hundred of Pi ie- niLL, N. division of the county of Stafford, 4 :^ n les (N. by W.) from Stone 3 containing 591 inhabitants. The village is situated upon an eminence commanding ex- 139 tensive and beautiful views, and the Grand Trunk canal passes through the parish. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £150 3 patron, Duke of Suther- land. The church is a modern building of brick, with an ancient stone tower. There is a school for 28 chil- dren, to which Thomas Mills, in 1800, bequeathed £12 per annum, and it is also endowed with a cottage and garden. BARLAVINGTON, a parish, in the union of Sut- ton (under Gilbert’s act), hundred of Rotherbridge, rape of Arundel, W. division of Sussex, 4| miles (S.) from Petworth 3 containing 132 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 13. 4. 3 patron, A. G. W. Biddulph, Esq. 3 impro- priator, Colonel Wyndham. The tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £100, and there are 8 acres of glebe. BARLBOROUGH {St. James), a parish, in the union of Worksop, hundred of Scarsdale, N. divi- sion of the county of Derby, 8 miles (N. E. by E.) from Chesterfield 3 containing 804 inhabitants. It comprises by estimation 3305 acres, of which 2000 are arable, and -1150 pasture and meadow land, and is intersected by the roads from Chesterfield to Worksop, and from Rotherham to Mansfield, which cross here at right angles. There are some collieries in operation, and two quarries of limestone. Barlborough Hall is a spacious interesting edifice of the Elizabethan style. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 1. 5^., and in the patronage of the Rev. C. H. R. Rodes : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £600, and there are 73 acres of glebe. The church is a spa- cious and handsome structure, with a square tower. A school is partly supported by the Rev. Mr. Rodes 3 and in 1752, Margaret and Mary Pole founded an almshouse for six poor persons, and endowed it with an estate now producing £75 per annum. BARLBY, a chapelry, in the parish of Heming- brough, union of Selby, wapentake of Ouse and Derwent, E. riding of York, 1^ mile (N. E. by E.) from Selby 3 containing 387 inhabitants. The township, which has a long village, comprises 1411a. 3r. 15p., of which about 900 acres are rich arable land, and the remainder pasture and common. The living is a per- petual curacy ; net income, £65 3 patron. Vicar of Hemingbrough : the great tithes produce £369 per annum. The chapel is a neat brick edifice, with an octagonal turret, and was built about 1777. Here is a small school, endowed with land producing £2 per annum 3 and there are bequests for the poor amounting to about eight guineas. BARLESTON, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Market-Bosworth, hundred of Sparkenhoe, S. division of the county of Leicester, 3 miles (N. E.) from Market-Bosworth 3 containing 580 inhabitants, a portion of whom are employed in the weaving of stock- ings. The chapel is dedicated to St. Giles. BARLEY {St. Margaret), a parish, in the union of Royston, hundred of Edwinstree, county of Hert- ford, 9 ,^ miles (N. E. by N.) from Barkway 3 contain- ing 792 inhabitants. It contains by computation 2500 acres, and the road from Barkway to Cambridge runs through the village. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £26. 13. 4., and in the patronage of the Bishop of Ely : the tithes have been commuted for T 2 B A R L BARM a rent-charge of £581, and the glebe consists of 32 acres. A school is endowed with £10 per annum, and there is also a national school. BARLEY, with Whttley-Booths, a township, in the parish of Wh alley, union of Burnley, Higher division of the hundred of Blackburn, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 5 miles (W. by N.) from Colne ; containing 6S6 inhabitants. BARLEYTHORPE, a chapelry, in the parish of Oakham-Deanshgld, union and soke of Oakham, county of Rutland, 1 mile (N. W. by W.) from Oak- ham 5 containing 200 inhabitants. The chapel is dedi- cated to St. Peter. BARLING {All Saints), a parish, in the union and hundred of Rochford, S. division of Essex, 4^ miles (E. 8. E.) from P^ochford ; containing 326 inhabitants. The parish comprises 1258a. Sr. lOp., and is skirted by a creek which flows into the river from Rochford : it comprises the manors of Barling and Mucking, the for- mer of which is the property of the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul’s, London, by gift from Edward the Con- fessor. Here are several good oyster beds. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £18 ; pa- trons and appropriators, the Dean and Chapter. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £342, and the vicarial for £171 3 and the glebe com- prises about 27 acres. The church is an ancient edifice, consisting of a nave, north aisle, and chancel, with a tower surmounted by a spire. BARLINGS {St. Edward), a parish, in the wapen- take of Lawress, parts of Lindsey, union and county of Lincoln, 6^ miles (E. N. E.) from Lincoln 5 con- taining, with the township of Langworth, 352 inhabit- ants. The living is a perpetual curacy j net income, £55 5 patrons, T. R Drake and C, Tumor, Esqs. The church is in ruins. A school is endowed with a rent- charge of £10. An abbey for Prsemonstratensian Canons, dedicated to St. Mary, was founded in 1154, the revenue of which, at the dissolution, was £307* 16. fl. : the last prior was Dr. Mackerel, who, having put himself at the head of an insurrection against the king’s authority, was taken and executed in 1536. BARLOW, a chapelry, in the parish of Staveley, union of Chesterfield, hundred of Scarsdale, N. division of the county of Derby, 3|- miles (N. W. by W.) from Chesterfield 5 containing 627 inhabitants. The surface is undulated, and the scenery picturesque : the district abounds with coal ^ but there are no mines in operation, and there are quarries of good stone for building. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net in- come, £95 j patron, Rector of Staveley. The tithes were commuted, with certain exceptions, for land in 18 17. The chapel is a plain neat structure, containing 300 sittings, of which one-third are free. A small free school, conducted on the national plan, has an endow- ment in land, producing £3 per annum, which is aug- mented with a donation by the Duke of Rutland. BARLOW, a chapelry, in the parish of Brayton, union of Selby, Lower division of the wapentake of Barkstone-Ash, W. riding of York, 3:^ miles (S. E.) from Selby ; containing 284 inhabitants. It is on the south bank of the Ouse, and comprises by con putation 2150 acres ; and the railway from Selby to Hr 1 passes at a short distance on the north. The living is a dona- tive 3 net income, £30 j patron, G. H. Thompson, Esq. 3 140 impropriator, Hon. E. R. Petre. The tithes were com- muted for land, under an inclosure act, in 1800. The church is a small edifice. BARLOW, LITTLE, a hamlet, in the parish of Dronfield, hundred of Scarsdale, N. division of the county of Derby, 5 miles (N. W. by W.) from Chester- field 5 containing 5.9 inhabitants. The tithes, with cer- tain exceptions, were commuted for land in I8I7. BARMBY-ON-THE-MARSH, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Howden, wapentake of Howden- SHiRE, E. riding of York, 3j miles (W.) from Howden 3 containing 506 inhabitants. This place, called in Domesday book Barnebi, w^as, according to tradition, parted by William the Conqueror among forty of his soldiers 3 and in conveyances of property it is described as being in forty parts, or oxgangs, bearing the names of -the original owners. The village is pleasantly situ- ated at the confluence of the Ouse and Derwent, and contains two sail-cloth and coarse linen manufactories. Races are held on the last Thursday in June. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £30 3 patron. Vicar of Howden. The chapel, dedicated to St. Helen, is a small ancient edifice, and was the tithe- barn of the Prebendary of Barmby till the dissolution of monas- teries. There are places of worship for Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists. In the reign of James L Richard Galthorpe gave to trustees certain lands, now producing £100 per annum, to be applied to the use of the poor, the reading minister, and the repairs of the chapel, staiths, jetties, &c. 3 and John Blanchard endowed a lectureship, the appointment to which is vested in the inhabitants. The poor have several other benefactions 3 and a school, for which a house was built in 1834, through the exertions of the Rev. T. Guy, is conducted on the national plan, and aided with £10 per annum from Earl Fitzwilliam. Here are two mineral springs, called St. Peter’s and St. Helen’s wells, one chalybeate, the other sulphureous. BARMBY-ON-THE-MOOR {St. Catherine), a parish, in the union of Pocklington, Wilton-Beacon division of the wapentake of Harthill, E. riding of York, 1|- mile (W.) from Pocklington 3 containing 475 inhabitants. It comprises 2471a. Ir. 26p., of which about two-thirds are arable, and the remainder pasture, and moorland abounding with game : the surface, for the most part level, with a soil generally sandy, was chiefly open moor, previously to the indosure of the parish. The village, which is of considerable length, stands on the Hull and York road, and was anciently a market-town, and of much greater importance than at present, having received a grant of various immunities, such as freedom from toll, &c., which the inhabitants still enjoy, subject to the payment of a small sum annually to the Dean and Chapter of York. The an- cient manor-house is surrounded by a moat. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 6. 8. 3 net income, £50 3 patron and ap- propriator. Dean of York. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, in 1777. The church is an ancient structure in the Norman style, with later additions : the original square tower has been raised and surmounted with a neat and well-proportioned spire of later English character, and a handsome window inserted. There are places of worship for Wesleyans and Primitive Methodists, and a school is BARM BARM aided by a portion of the following benefactions. In 1722, William Layton gave half an oxgang of land for the benefit of the poor for ever, and John Johnson, in 1744, left a messuage and cottage with their appurten- ances, the rents to be paid to the overseers at Christmas and Whitsuntide, and distributed at their discretion 5 but on the inclosure of Barmby Moor, the commis- sioners allotted, in lieu of the former benefaction, 81a. 3r. 34p. of land, the proceeds of which, together with the rent of the tw'o houses, then yielding £37. 13. per annum, now form a fund, a part of which is ap- plied to the instruction of from 8 to children. A Sunday school is attached to the church. BARMER, a parish, in the union of Docking, hundred of Gallow, W. division of Nojifolk, 8 miles (W. N. W.) from Fakenham ; containing 6l inhabitants. It comprises 1294a. 3r. 3 Ip. nearly all arable, and there are 100 acres of plantation. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £5 j patron and impropriator, Thomas Kerslake, Esq. The church, which had been long in ruins, was a few years since converted by the father of the present patron into a mausoleum. BARMIN G {St. Margaret) , a parish, in the union and hundred of Maidstone, lathe of Aylesford, W. division of Kent, 2^ miles (W. by S.) from Maidstone 3 containing 540 inhabitants. This parish, which com- prises 745a. 3r. 4p., is intersected by the road from Maidstone to Tonbridge, and by the river Medway, which is crossed by a stone bridge leading to East Far- leigh, and by another of wood, called St. Helen’s bridge, on the road to West Farleigh. The soil in the neigh- bourhood is rich, and peculiarly adapted to the cultiva- tion of hops and fruit, of which latter a large quantity is sent to the London market. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 17- 1., hi the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £400, subject to increase or decrease according to the increase or decrease of hops and fruity and there are 7 0 acres of glebe. A school is supported by subscription. There w-as a Roman villa at this place, the foundations of which were taken up a few years ago, w^hen coins of the Lower Empire, and of Edward 1. and later English monarchs, were found. The abbess of St. Helen’s, London, had a summer retreat here but there are no remains of the house. The poet Smart resided upon his paternal estate in the parish 3 and the Rev. John Harris, D.D., author of a History of Kent, a Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, &c., formerly held the living. BARM TNG, WEST, a hamlet (formerly a parish), in the parish of Nettlestead, union of Maidstone, hundred of Twyford, lathe of Aylesford, W. division of Kent, 3 miles (S. W.) from Maidstone 3 containing 44 inhabitants. The river Medway, over which is a modern bridge, flows along the southern border of the hamlet. The living, which was a rectory, has been con- solidated with that of Nettlestead, and the church is in ruins. The place is now deemed extra-parochial. BARMOOR, a township, in the parish of Lowick, union and E. division of Glendale ward, N. division of Northumberland, 7 miles (N. hy E.) from Wooler. In 1417, the lords marchers assembled here, at the head of a force amounting to 100,000 men, against the Scots, who, on hearing of their approach, retreated within their own territory. The English army en- 141 camped in the vicinity prior to the battle of Flodden, on the night after which the English general slept at Barmoor wood. A fair was formerly held at Cross Hills, between this place and Lowick. The tithes have been commuted for rent-charges amounting to £309. 7. 1 L, of which £298. 16. 3. are payable to the Dean and Chapter of Durham, and £10. 11. 8. to impropriators. BARMPTON, a township, in the parish of Haugh- ton-le-Skerne, union of Darlington, S. E. division of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Dur- ham, 2^ miles (N. E. by N.) from Darlington ; contain- ing 124 inhabitants. The township comprises by com- putation 1502 acres, of which 887 are arable, and 615 grass land : the soil is a productive clay, with a small part gravel 3 and the scenery pleasing and picturesque. The principal farm was occupied some years since by the brothers Collings, who contributed so much to im- prove and bring into public notice the breed of short- horned cattle : at their sale in 1812, Comet, one of their bulls, was disposed of for the enormous sum of 1000 guineas, and Lily, a cow, for 400 guineas. BARMSTON, a township, in the parish of Wash- ington, union of Chester-le-Street, E. division of Chester w^^rd, N. division of the county of Durham, 4|: miles (W.) from Sunderland 3 containing 81 inhabit- ants. This place was once the property of the very ancient family of Hilton, of whom Sir Robert, in 1322, granted to his chaplain all the wax and honey of his wild bees in Barmston Park 3 it afterwards came to the Lilburnes and the Tempests. On the banks of the river Wear is an iron-foundry, and within the limits of the township is also a mineral spring. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £128. 6. 6. BARMSTON (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Bridlington, N. division of the wapentake of Hol- derness, E. riding of York, 6 miles (S. by W.) from Bridlington 5 containing 254 inhabitants. This is a re- markably fine agricultural parish, comprising by mea- surement 2290 acres, chiefly arable, of a loamy soil, excellent for the growth of all sorts of grain : on the east is the sea, which every year washes away a small portion of the land, and the coast abounds with gravel, of which large quantities are used for repairing the roads. The village is pleasantly situated at the northern extremity of Holderness, on the road from Hull to Brid- lington and Scarborough. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 11. 10|., and in the patron- age of Sir H. Boynton, Bart. : the rent-charge in lieu of tithes is about £680, and there are 38 acres of glebe in the parish, and 67 in the township of Ulrome, which is partly in the parish of Skipsea. The church, which is in the decorated English style, has a nave, chancel, and south aisle, wdth an embattled tower at the south- west angle : in the chancel is a table monument of white alabaster, highl^^ ornamented, and having a recumbent effigy of a knight in plate armour, supposed to repre- sent Sir Martin de la See, who so signally assisted Edward IV. after that monarch had landed at Raven- spurn, in 1471 : the font is very ancient, and of curious sculpture. There is a church at Ulrome ; and a place of worship for Wesleyans has been lately erected in the parish. A schoolroom, with a house for the master, was built by Sir Francis Boynton 3 and an almshouse for four superannuated men was founded in 17^6, by his ancestor. Sir Griffith Boynton. BARN BARN BARNACK (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Stamford, soke of Peterborough, N. division of the county of Northampton, 3| miles (S. E.) from Stamford 5 containing, with the hamlets of Pilsgate and Southorpe, 860 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £28. 10. ^ net income, £1025 5 patron, Bishop of Peterborough. The tithes were commuted for corn-rents, under an inclo- sure act, in the 39th and 40th of George III. The church is an interesting and very ancient structure, in the early Norman and English styles, with a tower, of which the lower part, from the character of the arch opening from it into the nave, is evidently of more ancient date than the earliest of the Norman details, and probably one of the very few specimens of Saxon architecture remaining in the kingdom. A school is sup- ported by subscription, and by a donation from the funds of the poor’s estate, which consists of fifty-one acres and five tenements, producing a rental of £72. An act for inclosing lands was passed in 1841. BARNACLE, a hamlet, in the parish of Bulking- ton, union of Nuneaton, Kirby division of the hun- dred of Knightlow, N. division of the county of War- wick, 6 miles (N. E.) from Coventry 5 containing 263 inhabitants. BARNACRE, with Bonds, a township, in the parish and union of Garstang, hundred of Amounderness, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 9,^ miles (N. E.) from Garstang 5 containing 628 inhabitants. The im- propriate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £148. 1.9. BARNARD- CASTLE, a mafket-town and chapelry, in the parish of Gatnford, union of Teesdaue, S. W. division of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Durham, 25 miles (S. W. by W.) from Durham, and 244 (N. N. W.) from London ; containing 4452 inhabitants. This place is supposed to have originated soon after the Conquest, Seal. from the decay of a more ancient town called Marwood. About the year 1093, William II. having bestowed ex- tensive possessions in the vicinity upon Guido Balliol, a Norman nobleman, who accompanied the Conqueror to England, and was ancestor %of the kings of Scotland, his eldest son Bernard, about 1178, built a castle here, and, by a grant of privileges, encouraged the erection of houses near it, thus laying the foundation of the pre- sent town, to which he imparted his own name. It was formerly a member of the ancient wapentake of Sad- berge, and for a certain period was exempt from the jurisdiction of the palatinate, the illustrious family of Balliol, who held it for five successions, having exercised jura regalia within the franchise. Bernard Balliol, son of the founder, having espoused the cause of Galfrid, elect Bishop of Durham, the usurper Comyn despatched hither a party of soldiers, who committed great devas- tation, and exercised atrocious cruelty upon the inha- bitants. Being forfeited to the crown, the barony, with its members, was granted to Guy Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, and continued in the possession of his de- 142 scendants until 1398, when it was given by Richard II. to Scroope, Earl of Wiltshire, but was restored, in the following year to Thomas Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, and subsequently passed by marriage with Anna, daughter and coheiress of Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, to Richard, Duke of Gloucester, afterwards Richard III., who, before ascending the throne, resided here, and whose badge (the boar) may still be seen on the walls of the castle. In 1477, he obtained a license to found a college in the castle, for a dean and twelve secular priests, ten clerks, and six choristers 5 but it does not appear that the design was carried into effect. After frequent grants and reversions, the castle, honour, and privileges, with the parks, lands, and appurtenances, were purchased by an ancestor of the present Duke of Cleveland, to whom they now belong. During the re- bellion of the earls of Northumberland and Westmor- land, in the reign of Elizabeth, the castle, which was the property of the crown, was garrisoned by Sir George Bowes, of Streatlam, who defended it against the insur- gents, but was obliged to surrender it on honourable terms. In the great civil war it was held for the king, and was besieged by Cromwell, to whom, after a severe cannonading, the garrison surrendered. After the battle of Newburn, in 1642, part of the Scottish army was quartered here. The ruins of this important baronial edifice occupy an area of nearly seven acres, on an ele- vated rock near the margin of the river Tees, indicating the strength and extent of the original structure : one of the towers was some years since fitted up as a shot- manufactory, and the inner area has been converted into a garden. The TOWN is situated on an eminence, rising abruptly from the southern bank of the Tees, the bridge over which was repaired in I77I, after the injury it sustained in that year by the memorable flood that swept away most of the bridges on the Tees and Tyne : it has undergone considerable improvement of late years, by the erection of new streets, and the removal of unsightly objects. The houses are built of white freestone, and have a very handsome appearance : the streets are well paved, and were lighted with gas in 1834, and the inhabitants are amply supplied with water from springs in the neigh- bourhood. The environs are remarkably pleasant, and the Vale of Tees abounds with romantic scenery. There are two book societies, one in conjunction with Stain- drop j and a mechanics’ institution was founded in 1832, under the auspices of H. T. M. Witham, Esq., of Lar- tington Hall. On the banks of the river are the exten- sive flax, tow, and spinning mills of Messrs. Ullathorne and LongstafF, established in 1798, and whose manu- facture of shoe-makers’ thread gives employment to between 400 and 500 hands : there are also four carpet- manufactories, employing a large number of persons 3 and two iron-foundries. The conveyance of goods is by land carriage to Darlington, distant I6 miles, and thence by railway to all parts of the kingdom, and by water from Stockton-upon-Tees. The market is on Wednesday : there is a cattle market every fortnight ; and fairs are held on the Wednesday in Easter and Whitsun-weeks. A fair on St. Mary Magdalene’s-day has nearly fallen into disuse. The magistrates hold a petty- session once in every month 5 and a baronial court for the recovery of debts under 40^. is held quarterly. The town-hall, situated in the market-place, is an octagonal BARN BARN structure, erected in 17 ^ 7 » by Thomas Breaks, a native of the place : the upper part is used for the transaction of business, and the lower for the market. The township comprises 3S60co 32p., exclusively of waste, water, and the site of the town : the land is generally good, and is divided in equal portions of ara- ble, and meadow and pasture 5 the moorlands abound in game. Among the gentlemen’s seats is Spring Lodge, commanding fine views of the Tees, the resi- dence of William Watson, Esq. The living is a per- petual curacy, in the patronage of the Vicar of Gainford,, with a net income of £^224 5 impropriator, as lessee under Trinity College, Cambridge, John Bowes, Esq., M.P., whose tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £211. 8. 10., and those of the vicar for £292. 14. 10. The chapel, dedicated to St. Mary, is an ancient and spacious cruciform structure, in the deco- rated and later English styles, with a square embattled tower at the south-west angle : the bells were recast about twenty-two years since by subscription. There are places of worship for Independents, Primitive Me- thodists, and Wesleyans. A national school, attended by about 150 boys, and, in a separate building, the same number of girls, is supported by subscription, and by the interest of £133, bequeathed by John Dent, for the instruction of ten poor boys : the school premises were built in I8I6, and an infant school has been since established, for which a commodious building has been erected. An hospital, for the residence and maintenance of three aged widows, was founded by John Balliol, about the 14th of Henry III., and dedicated to St. John the Baptist the income is nearly £200 per annum. About two miles north-west of the town is a chalybeate spring, which is approached by walks through highly varied scenery of the most pleasing description. A Roman coin of the Emperor Trajan was dug up in the church- yard, in the year 1824. Sir John Hullock, one of the late barons of the exchequer 5 William Hutchinson, Esq., author of the History and Antiquities of the County of Durham, and who resided at the Grove, and died in the year 1814 ; and George Edwards, Esq., M.D., a political writer of distinction, were natives of the chapelry.' The place gives the titles of Viscount and Baron Barnard to the Duke of Cleveland. BARNAB.DISTON {All Saints), a parish, in the union and hundred of Risbridge, W. division of Suf- folk, 3 miles (N. E.) from Haverhill 3 containing, with the extra -parochial liberty of Monks’ Risbridge, 217 inhabitants. This parish, which comprises by compu- tation 1500 acres, was originally the seat of, and gave name to, the family of Barnardiston, long resident in the adjoining parish of Kedington. The living is a dis- charged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £J. 10 . 5.3 net income, £191 : patron and incumbent, Rev, Valen- tine Ellis. A school is supported by the curate. BARNBOW, a hamlet, in the parish of Barwick- jn-Elmet, Lower division of the wapentake of Sky- rack, W. riding of York, 7^ miles (E. N. B.) from Leeds : the amount of population is included in the return for the township of Barwick. It contains the extensive farm of Lasingcroft : the road from Leeds to Selby passes at some distance on the south. BARNBROUGH, or Barmbrough ( patrons. Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge, to whom also the impropriation of Barrington belongs 5 appropriators of Hauxton and Newton, Dean and Chapter of Ely. The tithes were commuted for corn-rents in 1796. The church has been repaired within a few years, by aid of a grant of £100 from the Incorporated Society. BARRINGTON {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Langport, hundred of South Petherton, W. division of Somerset, 3f miles (N. E.) from Ilminster3 containing, with the hamlet of Barrington-hill, 531 in- habitants, and comprising by computation 900 acres. Hemp and flax are extensively cultivated. About a mile from the village is the terminus of the canal recently cut by the Parret Navigation Company, by means of which, in conjunction with the rivers Isle and Parret, a communication is obtained with the town of Bridg- water. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £84 5 patron, John Lee Lee, Esq., as lessee of the advowson under the Dean and Chapter of Bristol. The tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £396. 6. BARRINGTON, GREAT (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Stow-on-the-Wold, partly in the hun- dred of Far RING don, county of Berks, but chiefly in the Lower division of the hundred of Slaughter, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 3| miles (N. W.) from Buriford ; containing 553 inhabitants. It comprises about I7OO acres, of which the soil is partly stifip clay, and partly light earth, and abounds with freestone of excellent quality, which is extensively wrought, and from quarries of which was obtained stone for the erection of Blenheim House, and the re- pairs of Westminster Abbey. The Windrush, a branch of the Thames, runs through the parish. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at BARR BARR £7. 6. 8., and in the gift of Lord Dynevor, whose seat, Barrington Park, is situated in the parish : the great tithes, payable to his lordship, have been commuted for a rent-charge of £213. 15., and those of the incumbent for one of £195. lb., with a glebe of 42 acres. The church, which stands in the county of Gloucester, is a handsome edifice, in the later English style, with an embattled tower. Three schools are partly supported by Lord Dynevor. BARRINGTON, LITTLE {St. Peter), a parish, in the uiiion of Northleach, Lower division of the hundred of Slaughter, E. Division of the county of Gloucester, 3 miles (W. N. W.) from Burford; con- taining 208 inhabitants, and comprising about 1000 acres. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £4. 19. *2., with a net income of £100 j the patronage and impropriation belong to the Crown. Under an inclosure act in 1759, land and money payments were given in lieu of all tithes for the manor, the money payments being made for the small tithes of the old inclosures. Schools are supported by the surplus revenue of an estate left for repairing the church, aided by the landed proprietor. BARRON’S- PARK, a hamlet, in the parish of Des- FORD, union of Market-Bosworth, hundred of Spark- ENHOE, S. division of the county of Leicester, 5 miles (W.) from Leicester j containing 18 inhabitants. BARROW {St. Bartholomew), a parish, consisting of the two townships of Great and Little Barrow, in the union of Great Boughton, Second division of the hundred of Eddisbury, S. division of the county of Chester, 5 miles (E. N. E.) from Chester •, com- prising about 2840 acres, and containing 068 inhabit- ants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19. 16. 2|., and in the gift of Lord H. Chol- mondeley : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £460. A school is endowed with about £6 per annum. Here was a commandery of the Knights Hospitallers, founded in the reign of Henry II., and valued at the dissolution aP£107. 3. 8. BARROW {St. Wilfrid), a parish, in the union of Shardlow, partly in the hundred of Appletree, and partly in that of Morleston and Litchurcii, S. divi- sion of the county of Derby, 5f miles (S.) from Derby j containing 641 inhabitants, and including the chapelry of Twyford with Stenson, and the liberty of Sinfin with Arleston. The parish comprises about 1 140 acres, and is bounded on the south by the river Trent, and inter- sected by the Trent and Mersey canal. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 6 . 5^. j net income, £105 ; patron and impropriator, John Beaumont, Esq. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £245, and the glebe consists of about 40 acres. In addition to the parochial church, there is a chapel of ease at Twyford, in the parish •, and a school is endowed with £8 per annum, the gift of Elizabeth Saly, in 1702. A preceptory of Knights Templars formerly existed here. BARROW, a seaport and village, in the parish of Dalton-in-Furness, union of Ulverstone, hundred of Lonsdale, north of the Sands, county of Lancaster. This place is situated at the south-western extremity of the estuary of Furness, opposite to the isle of Walney and Old Barrow island. The trade consists chiefly in the export of malt, slate, and iron-ore of which two 152 latter articles, vast quantities are obtained from the quarries and mines in the vicinity. BARROW, a township, in the parish of Hally- stone, union of Rothbury, W. division of Coquet- DALE ward, N. division of Northumberland, 9| miles (W. N. W.) from Rothbury 5 containing 22 inhabitants. It is situated on the south side of the Coquet river, near the confluence of the Barrow burn. BARROW, a chapelry, in the parish of Cottesmore, union of Oakham, hundred of Alstoe, county of Rut- land, 5 miles (N. by E.) from Oakham ; containing 142 inhabitants. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, under an inclosure act, of the 39th and 40th of George III. BARROW {St. Giles), a parish, in the union of Madeley, within the liberties of the borough of Wen- lock, S. division of Salop, 3| miles (E. by S.) from Much Wenlock 5 containing 383 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, annexed to the rectory of Willey : the tithes payable to the impropriator have been commuted for a rent-charge of £283. 2., and those to the perpetual curate, for £3. 15. Here is a small free school, to which £10 per annum were bequeathed, in 1631, by John Slaney, who also founded an almshouse for six persons. BARROW, a tything, in the parish of Kingsbury- Episcopi, union of Langport, E. division of the hun- dred of Kingsbury, W. division of Somerset, 5 miles (N. N. E.) from Ilminster 5 containing 242 inhabitants. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £245. A conical hill, said to be in a great degree the work of art, was raised here to Ina, King of the West Saxons, who is said to have been buried at this place 3 and near it is a mansion of considerable antiquity. BARROW {All Saints), a parish, in the union and hundred of Thingoe, W. division of Suffolk, 6f miles (W.) from Bury- St. Edmund’s 5 containing 995 inha- bitants, and comprising 2665a. 2r. S3p. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £23. 9. 9|v and in the patronage of St. John’s College, Cambridge : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £810, and there are 62 acres of glebe. The, church is a spa- cious building of the time of Henry HI. or Edward I. There is an endowment of about £21 per annum for the education of children, arising from the rent of the towm estate. A rental of £36, subject to a deduction of £3. 12. 4., arising from land and tenements assigned by deed of the Rev. John Crosier, in the 12th of Elizabeth, is applied to the purposes of a church-rate 3 and about £20 are distributed among the poor. The Rev. Philip Francis, the translator of Horace, was rector of this parish. BARROW-GURNEY {Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Bedminster, hundred of Hartcliffe with Bedminster, E. division of Somerset, 5 miles (S. W.) from Bristol 3 containing 303 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 2000 acres, of which 339 are arable, 1448 pasture, 97 wood, and I6 common. The living is a donative 3 net income, £715 patron, Montague Gore, Esq., who supports a school. A Bene- dictine nunnery was founded here about 1200 , the revenue of which, at the dissolution, was valued at £ 29 . 6. 8. : the site is occupied by a fine old mansion in the Elizabethan style. BARR BARR BARROW, LITTLE, a township, in the parish of Barrow, union of Great Boxjghton, hundred of Eddisbury, S. division of the county of Chester, 5^ miles (N. E. by E.) from Chester. BARROW, NORTH (St, Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Wincanton, hundred of Catsash, E. division of Somerset, miles (S. W.) from Castle- Cary 5 con- taining 140 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 17. and in the patronage of Lord Portman : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £115, and there are about 41 acres of glebe. BARROW, SOUTH (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Wincanton, hundred of Catsash, E. division of Somerset, Sf miles (S. W. by S.) from Castle-Cary^ containing 140 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, with a net income of £80, and in the patronage of Mrs. Toogood, to whom also belong the tithes, which have been commuted for a rent-charge of £245. BARROW-UPON-HUMBER (Holy TjuivjTF ), a pa- rish, in the union of Glandford-Brigg, N. division of the wapentake of Yarborough, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, miles (E.) from Barton-upon- Humber 5 containing 1662 inhabitants. Henry VIII. landed at this place on his route to Thornton Abbey. The parish, which is situated on the river Humber, and on the road from London through Peterborough and Lincoln to Hull, comprises 4720 acres, of which 3000 are arable, and the remainder meadow and pasture, with one or two small plantations 3 the soil of the arable land is a strong rich loam, and there is also some fine turnip land 3 in that part of the parish near the Humber, the soil is a kind of clay warp, apparently embanked from the river at some early period. The village, which is large and well-built, comprises a spa- cious street, at the south end of which is an area called the market-place, with an ancient cross 3 the view of Hull and neighbouring parts of Yorkshire is very fine. A manufactory of glue is carried on, which affords em- ployment to about 20 persons. A market for cattle, held once a fortnight, was commenced in 1832, but afterwards discontinued 3 and in the same year also was established a ferry for passengers and cattle, from a place called New Holland, in this parish, to Hull, a distance of 2 f miles. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9. 16. 3 net income, £348 3 the patronage and impropriation belong to the Crown, and the tithes were commuted for corn-rents and a money payment in 1797* The church is an ancient Norman structure, with a handsome tower of later English architecture, and exhibits appearances of having been repaired at different times and in various styles. There are places of worship for Wesleyan s. Primitive Methodists, and Independents. About a mile north-westward from the village is an intrenchment, called the Castle, supposed to have been a British camp 3 and near it are several barrows. A monastery was founded here about the middle of the seventh century, by Wulphere, King of Mercia, and in digging on the site, a little north of the village, some years since, a coffin, a valuable gold ring, and other remains were found. Harrison, the inventor of the chronometer for discovering the longitude at sea, and who, in 1763, re- ceived a premium of £ 20,000 from the Board of Longi- tude, was a native of the place. VoL. I. — 153 BARROW- UPON-SOAR (Holy Trinity), a parish, and the head of a union, partly in the hundred of East, but chiefly in that of West, Goscote, N. division of the county of Leicester 3 comprising a part of the market-town of Mountsorrel, the hamlets of Mapplewell and Woodhouse-Eaves, and the chapelries of Quorndon and Woodhouse 3 and containing 5782 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the river Soar, and comprises about 2300 acres, the soil of which is in some parts clayey, and in others sandy. The district has for many centuries been noted for a very fine kind of lime, which is made from a hard blue stone obtained in the vicinity, and a considerable quantity of which is conveyed for exportation to Holland, and elsewhere, by means of the Loughborough canal, which passes through the parish. An intermediate station of the Midland-Counties’ rail- way is situated here, near which the line is conveyed over the Soar by a viaduct of five arches, spanning 30 feet each. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £15. 2 . 8 |., and in the patronage of St. John’s College, Cambridge : the tithes have been commuted for 180 acres of land. There are places of worship for Wesleyans, Primitive Methodists, Baptists, and Roman Catholics. The free grammar school is endowed with land producing £55 per annum, bequeathed by the Rev. Humphrey Perkins, in 17 17 3 and an almshouse for six wddows, or aged bachelors, was founded in I 686 , by the Rev. Humphrey Babington, who endowed it with an estate now worth £200 per annum. The poor law union, of which this place is the head, comprises 30 parishes and places, and contains a population of 19,695. Dr. William Beveridge, the learned bishop of St. Asaph, was born here in 1638. BARROWBY (All Saints), a pari.sh, in the union of Grantham, wapentake of Winnibriggs and Threo, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 2 miles (W.) from Grantham 3 containing, with the hamlets of Breather- Hills, Casthorpe, and Stenwith, 799 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £31. 1 . 5^.3 net income, £1084 3 patron, Duke of Devonshire. At Neubo, in the parish, Richard de Malebisse, in 1198 , founded an abbey of Praemonstra- tensian canons, in honour of the Blessed Virgin, which, at the dissolution, had a revenue of £1 15. 11. 8 . BARROWDEN (St. Peter), a parish, in the union j of Uppingham, hundred of Wrandike, county of Rut- land, 7 miles (S. W.) from Stamford 3 containing 658 inhabitants. It contains by computation nearly I 7 OO acres, and is bounded on the south by the river Welland, which separates the counties of Rutland and Northamp- ton. Excellent rugs are manufactured from sheep-skins 3 also parchment, glue, leather for the binding of books, hat-linings, &c. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14. 13. l|., and in the gift of the Marquess of Exeter : the glebe consists of 26 acres, and a glebe-house has recently been erected : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £588. 13., and £30. 3. are also paid to the incumbent of South Luffen- ham. There is a place of worship for Baptists. BARROWFORD, a township, in the parish of Whalley, union of Burnley, Higher division of the hundred of Blackburn, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 2;^ miles (W.) from Colne 3 containing 2630 inhabitants. The spinning and manufacture of cotton prevails extensively. A district church has been erected, X BARS BART of which the incumbent has a net income of £150 j and there is a place of worship for Wesley ans. BARSBY, a chapelry, in the parish of Ashby-Fol- viLiE, union of Melton-Mowbray, hundred of East Goscote, N. division of the county of Leicester, 6 miles (S. W. by S.) from Melton-Mowbray j containing 291 inhabitants. It comprises 914 acres, of which 774 are pasture, and 140 arable. BARSHAM (Holy Trinity), a parish; in the union and hundred of Wangeord, E. division of Suffolk, 9 , miles (W. by S.) from Beccles j containing 250 in- habitants. It comprises by measurement 1777 acres, of which 1000 are arable, and is situated on the road from Beccles to Bungay, and bounded on the north by the navigable river Waveney, which separates it from the county of Norfolk. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £15. 6. S. j patron and incum- bent, Rev. A. I. Suckling, whose tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £445, and who has 72 acres of glebe. The church and parsonage are picturesquely situated ; the former is chiefly in the early English style, and consists of a nave and chancel, with a circular tower. A school is supported by the rector. Lawrence Echard, author of the General Ecclesiastical History 5” Capt. Morris Suckling, uncle to Lord Nelson, and with whom Nelson w^ent his first voyages j and the mother of Nelson, were born here. BARSHAM, EAST (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Walsingham, hundred of Gallow, W. divi- sion of Norfolk, 3 miles (N.) from Fakenham 5 con- taining 240 inhabitants. It comprises ll67a. 2r. 32p., of which 990 acres are arable, 1 34 pasture and meadow, and 34 woodland 5 the village is picturesquely situated on the banks of the river Stiffkey, and on the road from Fakenham to Walsingham. Of the once splendid hall only remain the south front and lofty entrance gateway, which form a fine specimen of ornamental brickwork in the Tudor style, with towers and turrets. The living is a discharged vicarage, endowed with the great tithes, and with the rectory of Little Snoring annexed, valued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 4. 3 patron. Marquess of Hastings. The tithes of East Barsham have been commuted for a rent-charge of £313, and there are nearly nine acres of glebe. The church consists of a nave only, with a square tower on the north side ^ the entrance is through a Norman doorway. A school is supported by the vicar. BARSHAM, NORTH (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Walsingham, hundred of Gallow, W. divi- sion of Norfolk, 2 miles (S. W. by W.) from Little Walsingham 5 containing 89 inhabitants. It is inter- sected by the river Stiffkey, and comprises 1015a. 2r. 35jt>., of which 9d0 acres are arable, and 43 meadow and pasture. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6, and in the gift of the Earl of Orford : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £330. 15., and there is a glebe of 18 acres, with a house. The church is chiefly in the early English style. BARSHAM, WEST, a parish, in the union of Wal- singham, hundred of Gallow, W. division of Norfolk, 2f miles (N. N. W.) from Fakenham 5 containing 86 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 12. 1. 3 net income, £155 5 patron and impropriator, C. M. Balders, Esq. The 154 church is partly in the early English, and partly in the decorated style ; the entrance on the south is through a Norman doorway. BARSTON (St. S within), a parish, in the union of Solihull, Solihull division of the hundred of Hem- LiNGFORD, N. division of the county of Warwick, 4 miles (E. byS.) from Knowle 5 containing 392 inhabit- ants. This parish, situated on the small river Blythe, which nearly surrounds it, comprises by computa- tion 1844 acres 3 the adjacent country abounds with good scenery, and with objects of interest, and the village is pleasantly situated on an eminence command- ing a fine prospect. The Birmingham and Warwick canal approaches within a mile, and the London and Birmingham railway within a mile and a half, of the village. The living is a rectory, annexed to that of Berkeswell : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £180, and there is a glebe of 64 acres. The church is a plain edifice of brick, erected about the commencement of the last century, upon the site of the ancient structure. BARTESTREE, a chapelry, in the parish of Dor- MiNGTON, hundred of Greytree, union and county of Hereford, 4| miles (E.) from Hereford ; containing 44 inhabitants. It is situated near the right bank of the river Froome, and is crossed by the road from Hereford to Ledbury 3 it comprises 410 acres. The living is a perpetual curacy, united to the vicarage of Dormington. A rent-charge of £90 has been awarded as a commutation for the vicarial tithes. The chapel is dedicated to St. James. BARTHERTON, a township, in the parish of Wybunbury, union and hundred of Nantwich, S. division of the county of Chester, 2 :^ miles (S. S. E.) from Nantwich ; containing 32 inhabitants. The Grand Trunk canal passes in the vicinity. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £37. 19. 6., of w^hich £32 are payable to the Bishop of Lichfield, and £5. 19. 6. to the vicar. BARTHOLOMEW-HOSPITAL (ST.), an extra-pa- rochial liberty, in the hundred of Eastry, lathe of St. Augustine, E. division of Kent, f of a mile (S.) from Sandwich 3 containing 54 inhabitants. The hospital, which is under the government of the corporation of Sandwich, was founded and liberally endowed, about 1190, by Sir Henry Sandwich, for the support of a master, brethren, and sisters, each of whom has a house and garden, with a considerable pecuniary allowance. BARTHOLOMEW (ST.), HYDE-STREET, county of Southampton. — See Winchester. BARTHOMLEY (St. Bertoline), a parish, partly in the N. division of the hundred of Pirehill and of the county of Stafford, but chiefly in the hundred of Nantwich, union of Congleton and Nantwich, S. division of the county of Chester 3 containing, with the township of Balterley, 2725 inhabitants, of whom 422 are in the township of Barthomley, 6| miles (S. by E.) from Sandbach. It contains by computation 11,000 acres ; the surface is flat, and the soil light and sandy, but there are several excellent beds of marl. In Crewe Park, the property of Lord Crewe, is a beautiful sheet of water, covering 80 acres 3 and on Alsager Heath is a mere, which, though small, is strikingly picturesque. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £25. 7- L, and in the gift of the Trustees of the late BART BART Lord Crewe : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £429, payable to impropriators, and one of £7^9, belonging to the incumbent, who has also a glebe of 75 acres. The church exhibits various styles, and has a Norman porch on the northern side of the chancel. A school is endowed with about £10 per annum. BARTHORPE, a hamlet, forming a township with Acklam, in the parish of Acklam, union of Malton, partly in the liberty of St. Peter’s, and partly in the wapentake of Buckrose, E. riding of York, 9| miles (S. by W.) from New Malton 5 containing 51 inhabit- ants. This place, also called Barthorpe Bottoms, is picturesquely situated on the west side of the wolds : the river Derwent passes on the west at a distance of about three miles. BARTINGTON, a township, in the parish of Great Budworth, union of Runcorn, hundred of Bucklow, N. division of the county of Chester, 3 |- miles (N. W. by W.) from Northwich 5 containing 89 inhabitants. The tithes have been commuted for rent-charges amounting to £30. 14. 5., of which £29 are payable to the Dean and Chapter of Christ-Church, Oxford, £1. 2. 5. to the impropriator, and 12^. to the vicar. BARTLEY-REGIS, a tything, in the parish of Eling, union of New Forest, hundred of Redbridge, Romsey and S. divisions of the county of Southamp- ton 3 containing 288 inhabitants. BARTLOW (/St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Linton, hundred of Chilford, county of Cambridge, 2 miles (E. S. E.) from Linton 3 containing 89 inhabit- ants, This place was supposed to have been the scene of the conflict between Canute the Great and Edmund Ironside, which took place in 101 6, and in commemora- tion of which four artificial mounds on the lands near Bartlow farm were thought to have been erected 3 but on the exploration of these mounds between 1832 and 1840, all the remains discovered were evidently of Roman origin, and from their funereal character, prove that they were raised in memory of warriors buried under- neath, which fact is further corroborated by the remains of a Roman encampment near the spot. The parish comprises by computation 360 acres : a fair is held on the 12th of June. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19. I6. 8.3 net income, £259 ; patron. Rev. John Bullen. The church has a circular tower, of Norman architecture, said to have been built in the eleventh century 3 the body of the building is of the fifteenth century. On the south wall of the nave is a curious painting of St. Christopher, discovered in 18 17, on the erection of a monument to Sir William Blackett. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans in the hamlet of Bartlow 3 and national schools are sup- ported by the rector. BARTLOW, LITTLE, or Steventon-End, a ham- let, in the union of Linton, hundred of Freshwell, N. division of Essex, miles (S. E.) from Linton 3 containing 216 inhabitants. This place, supposed to have been formerly a distinct parish, is civilly included in the parish of Ashdon, but ecclesiastically and as con- nected with the militia, is considered to be in that of Bartlow, county of Cambridge. BARTON (St, Peter), a parish, in the union of Chesterton, hundred of Wetherley, county of Cam- bridge, 3 | miles (W. S. W.) from Cambridge 3 contain- ing 319 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 1772 155 acres, of which about 1622 are arable, and 150 pasture. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 11. 3., and in the gift of the Bishop of Ely : the great tithes, belonging to King’s College, Cambridge, have been commuted for a rent-charge of £400, and those of the incumbent for one of £135, with a glebe of 365 acres. In 1839, an act was obtained for inclosing lands. BARTON, a township, in the parish of Farndon, union of Great Boughton, Higher division of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, 9 ^ miles (S. S. E.) from Chester 3 containing 169 inhabitants. The impropriate tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £105. There is a place of worship for Calvinistic Methodists. BARTON, a tything, in the parish and union of Cirencester, hundred of Crowthorne and Minety, E. division of the county of Gloucester. BARTON, with Bradnor and Rushock, a town- ship, in the parish and union of Kington, hundred of Huntington, county of Hereford, f of a mile (N. E.) from Kington 3 containing 426 inhabitants. BARTON, a township, in the parish and union of Preston, hundred of Amounderness, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 5 f miles (N. N. W.) from Preston 3 containing 413 inhabitants. The Lancaster and Preston railway crosses the turnpike-road near Bar- ton Lodge. BARTON (St. George), a parish, in the union of Basford, N. division of the wapentake of Rushcliffe, S. division of the county of Nottingham, 6f miles (S. W. by S.) from Nottingham 3 containing 382 inhabit- ants. It is bounded by the river Trent, which is here navigable. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19. 3 . 9 . ; net income, £3663 patron. Arch- bishop of York. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, in 1759. The church has several monuments of the Sacheverel family. On the lofty eminence of Brent’s hill, south of the village, are the remains of a Roman camp, and in the vicarage farmyard is a Roman pavement. BARTON (St. David), a parish, in the union of Langport, hundred of Catsash, E. division of Somer- set, 5 miles (N. E. by N.) from Somerton 3 contain- ing 455 inhabitants. This parish, which comprises 945a. 3 Ip., is intersected by the roads from Keinton- Mansfield to Butleigh and Baltonsborough respectively, and the river Brue divides the parish from the last named place. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8 3 net income, £61 3 patron and appropriator, the Prebendary of Barton in the Cathe- dral of Wells. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £170, and there are 54 acres of glebe, with a house. The church is an ancient edifice, in the churchyard of which is a stone, pedestal of St. David, preserved when the church was dedicated. There is a place of worship for Independents. BARTON, a tything, in the parish and union of South Stoneham, hundred of Mainsbridge, South- ampton and S. divisions of the county of South am PTON5 containing 57 inhabitants. BARTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Bidford, union of Alcester, Stratford division of the hundred of BARLICHWAY3 S. division of the county of Warwick 3 containing 147 inhabitants. X 2 BART BART BARTON {St. Michael), a parish, in West ward and union, county of Westmorland, 4 miles (S. W. by S.) from Penrith 5 comprising the chapelries of Martin- dale and Patterdale-with-Hartsop, and the townships of High Barton, Sockbridge-with-Tirrel, Low Winder, and Yanwith-with-Eamont-Bridge 5 and containing 1668 inhabitants, of whom 323 are in the township of High Barton. The parish comprises by measurement 15,000 acres, and among its many villages is Pooley, a distinguished place of resort, distant from Penrith five miles. The soil partakes of both clay and gravel, and produces excellent corn and hay 5 the land lies upon a slope, and is encompassed with lofty mountains, among which, at its western extremity, is Helvellyn, and at its eastern King Arthur’s Round Table. In the parish is part of the lake of Ullswater, from which flows the river Eamont, separating Westmorland from Cumber- land 3 and the neighbourhood abounds with scenery of the most picturesque character. Barton Fell contains a great variety of valuable minerals, including jaspar, agate, onyx, cornelian, chalcedony, &c., besides spars and petrifactions of fish, shells, leaves, &c. At Hartsop and Patterdale are extensive quarries of fine blue slate, and at the latter place is a lead-mine. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £11. 1. 0|. 3 net income, £130 j patron, Earl of Lonsdale,* impropria- tors, Earl of Lonsdale, and E. W. Hasell, T. Gibson, and J. De Whelpdale, Esqrs. The glebe consists of 77 acres, and the living has one-third of the tithes of High Barton and Martindale. The church is a large low structure, beautifully situated in the vale of Eamont. Martindale and Patterdale have each a chapel. A free grammar school was founded in 1649, by Dr. Lancelot Dawes and Dr. Gerard Langbaine, natives of the parish, and the latter an industrious antiquary, whose endow- ment of it has been augmented by subsequent benefac- tors, to about £90 per annum. BARTON (St. Mary and St. Cuthbert), a parish, in the union of Darlington, wapentake of Gilling- East, N. riding of York, 5 miles (S. W.) from Darling- ton 3 containing, with the township of Newton-Morrell and part of Stapleton, 631 inhabitants, of whom 567 are in the township of Barton. This parish formerly comprised the chapelries of St. Mary and St. Cuthbert, together forming the township of Barton, both perpetual curacies, of which the latter was in the patronage of the Vicar of St. John’s, Stanwick, and the former in that of the Vicar of Gilling. In 1840, the churches being in a dilapidated condition, the two curacies were consolidated into one benefice, and a new church was erected by subscription. The parish, which is on the road from Richmond to Darlington, comprises about 2900 acres, of which 2335 are in the township of Bar- ton 3 about two-thirds of the land is arable and in pro- fitable cultivation, and the remainder meadow and pas- ture, with a small proportion of wood and plantations 3 the surface is varied, and the soil is ’ fertile, and the substratum generally limestone. The village is plea- santly situated on the banks of a small rivulet, and has an ancient cross in the centre. The church is a handsome structure, erected at an expense of £900, by subscription, aided by a grant of £100 from the Incorporated Society, and £150 by the Ripon Diocesan Society 3 the east window is embellished with stained glass, and contains the Lord’s Prayer, the 156 Creed, and the Commandments, with the royal arms, and the armorial bearings of John Allan, the late George Hartley, and Richard Wilson, Esqrs., and the patron, the late Rev. W. Wharton, vicar of Gilling, who contributed largely to the building of the church, which contains 382 sittings, of which 165 are free. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the alternate pa- tronage of the Vicars of Stanwick- St. John and Gilling, with a net income of £1205 impropriators, John Allan, Esq., of Blackwell, and others. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £125, and those of the incumbent of Gilling for about £75 3 23^ acres of glebe are attached to the benefice of Easby, and 37^ belong to that of Gilling. There is a place of wor- ship for Wesleyans. A school is endowed with £10 per annum 3 a bequest of £2. 10. per annum is applied to apprenticing a boy, and a few small sums are allotted to the service of the poor. BARTON-BENDISH, a parish, in the union of Downham, hundred of Clackclose, W. division of Norfolk, 4 miles (N. by E.) from Stoke-Ferry3 con- taining 455 inhabitants. This place derives the affix to its name from a dyke called Bendish, constructed here by the Saxons as a boundary line to the hundred 3 it formerly consisted of the three parishes of St. Andrew, St. Mary, and All Saints, of which the two latter have been consolidated. The whole comprises 4126«. 24p., whereof 3316 acres are arable, 450 meadow and pas- ture, and the remainder fen and waste. The living of St. Andrew’s is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14, with a net incomje of £260, and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes were commuted in 1777 for 308 acres of land, and the glebe comprises 26 acres. The church is a handsome structure, in the early and later English styles, with a square embattled tower, and a south porch in the Norman style. The livings of St. Mary’s and All Saints form a rectory, valued at £11, with a net income of £300, and in the gift of Sir H. Berney, Bart. : the tithes were commuted for 320 acres of land, and the glebe comprises 10 acres, with a house. The church of St. Mary is chiefly in the early English style, with a small belfry, the tower having fallen in the reign of Anne : of the church of All Saints there are no remains. In the hamlet of Eastmore was anciently a chapel, dedicated to St. John the Baptist. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and a neat school- house has been built. At the time of the inclosure 40 acres of land were allotted to the poor for fuel. BARTON-BLOUNT, a parish, in the union of Bur- ton-upon-Trent, hundred of Appletree, S. division of the county of Derby, 11 miles (W.) from Derby 3 containing 68 inhabitants. The manor-house was gar- risoned, in Oct. 1644, b}?" Col. Gill, on behalf of the parliamentarians. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 19. 1. j net income, £69 5 patron, F. Bradshaw, Esq. BARTON, EARL’S (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Wellingborough, hundred of Hamford- SHOE, N. division of the county of Northampton, 31- miles (S. W.) from Wellingborough 3 containing 1079 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated near the navigable river Nene, comprises 2330 acres 3 the soil is fertile, and there are two quarries of stone for building and for road-making. The living is a discharged vicar- age, valued in the king’s books at £10, and in the BART BART patronage of the Crown 5 net income, £195, arising from land allotted on the inclosure in lieu of tithes. The church is a curious edifice, principally in the early, decorated, and later English styles, with a tower of enriched Norman architecture. There are places of worship for Particular Baptists and Wesleyans* Alms- houses for three poor people were founded under the will of Mary Whitworth, in 1S23. To the north of the church is a large tumulus, or barrow, of Roman origin. BARTON-END, a hamlet, in the parish of Horsley, union of Stroud, hundred of Longtree, E. division of the county of Gloucester j containing 268 in- habitants. BARTON, GREAT, or Bramble {Holy Innocents), a parish, in the union of Thingoe, hundred of Thed- WASTRY, W. division of Suffolk, 2^ miles (N. E. by E.) from Bury-St, Edmund’s 5 containing 774 inhabit- ants. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10. 15. 7^- > and in the patronage of Sir H. E. Bunbury, Bart., whose seat is here : the tithes, with certain exceptions, were commuted for land and a money payment in 1802. The produce of about 100 acres of land is applied to the purchase of fuel for the poor, and to parochial purposes. BARTON-HARTSHORN {St. James), a parish, in the union, hundred, and county of Buckingham, 4 ^ miles (W. S. W.) from Buckingham 5 containing 165 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, with that of Chetwood annexed •, net income, £80 •, patrons and impropriators, the families of Bracebridge and Viger. BARTONTN-FABIS.— See Barton (St. George). BARTON-IN-THE-BEANS, a township, partly in the parishes of Shackerstone and Nailstone, but chiefly in that of Market-Bosworth, union of Mar- ket-Bosworth, hundred of Sparkenhoe, S. division of the county of Leicester, miles (N. by W.) from Market-Bosworth 5 containing 16 1 inhabitants. Here was formerly a chapel. BARTONTN-THE-CLAY {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Luton, hundred of Flitt, county of Bedford, miles (S.) from Silsoe 5 containing 855 inhabitants. This place, which derives its distinguish- ing affix from its position at the commencement of the clayey soil under Barton Hill, is situated on the road from Luton to Bedford, and on the border of Hertford- shire : the manor formerly belonged to the monks of Ramsey, since whose possession it has been in the hands of many different families. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £26. 9 . 7 * j net income, £317 5 patron, the Crown. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1809 . There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists 3 and a school is endowed with property producing about £50 per annum, the bequest of Edward Willes, in I 8 O 7 . BARTON-LE-STREET {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Malton, partly in the wapentake of Bulmer, but chiefly in that of Ryedale, N. riding of York 3 containing 419 inhabitants, of whom 185 are in the township of Barton-le- Street, 6 miles (N.) from Whitwell. This parish is bounded on the north by the river Ryle, and, including the townships of Coneys- thorpe, Barton-le- Street, and Butterwick, comprises by computation 3200 acres, of which about 1500 are in 157 the township of Barton. The surface is undulated, and the scenery beautifully varied 3 the soil is of moderate quality, and limestone for building and for burning into lime is extensively quarried. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14. 8 . 6 3 net income, £450 3 patron, Hugh Magnell Ingram, Esq. The church, an ancient structure with a campanile turret, is said to have been erected with materials from the ruins of St. Mary’s Abbey, York ; it contains some curious speci- mens of sculpture. A chapel was erected at Coneys- thorpe in 1837, at the expense of the Earl of Carlisle, sole proprietor of that township 3 there is a parochial school at the same place, supported by the Countess 3 and at Barton is an infants’ school, maintained at the expense of the rector. BARTON -LE-WILLOWS, a township, in the parish of Cram BE, union of Malton, wapentake of Bulmer, N. riding of York, lOj miles (N. E.) from York 3 con- taining 207 inhabitants. The amount of rent-charge for the commutation of the tithes is included in the parish. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BARTON, ST. MARY, a hamlet, in the parish of St. Mary-de-Lode, Gloucester, union of Glouces- ter, Middle division of the hundred of Dudstone and King’s Barton, E. division of the county of Glouces- ter 3 containing 1674 inhabitants. BARTON, ST. MICHAEL’S, a hamlet, in the parish ^of St. Michael, Gloucester, union of Gloucester, Middle division of the hundred of Dudstone and King’s Barton, E. division of the county of Glouces- ter 3 containing III 6 inhabitants. A church has been built and endowed by subscription, of which the living is in the gift of the Bishop of the diocese. BARTON-MILLS, Little Barton, or Barton- Two-grind {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Mildenhall, hundred of Lackford, W. division of Suffolk, 1 mile (S. E.) from Mildenhall 3 containing 640 inhabitants, and comprising by measurement 2000 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14. 15. 10 . 3 net income, £550} patron, the Crown. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1796 . There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists. The sum of about £13 per annum, the rental of fourteen acres of fen land, devised by the Rev. James Davies, in 1692 , is distributed amongst the poor. BARTON-ON -THE-HEATH {St. Lawrence), a pa- rish, in the union of Chipping-Norton, Brails division of the hundred of Kington, S. division of the county of Warwick, 3^ miles (E.) from Moreton-in-Marsh 3 containing 212 inhabitants. The parish, situated at the southern extremity of the county, comprises 1145a. 3r. 34p., of which about one-third is arable, and 85 acres woodland 3 at its south-western point is a pillar, called the Four-Shire stone,” where the counties of Glouces- ter, Worcester, Warwick, and Oxford meet. The living is a rectory, valued in the king\s books at £12. I 7 . 11. 3 net income, £364 5 patrons, President and Fellows of Trinity College, Oxford. BARTON-SEAGRAVE {St. Botolph), a parish, in the union of Kettering, hundred of Huxloe, N. division of the county of Northampton, if mile (S. E. by. E.) from Kettering 3 containing 219 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the road between Kettering and Higham Ferrers, and comprises 1759 acres. The BART BART living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 17. l.j net income, £492 5 patron, Duke of Buc- cleugh. The glebe consists of 60 acres. The church exhibits specimens of very ancient architecture. A school is supported by voluntary contributions. John Bridges, an industrious collector of materials for the history of Northamptonshire, was a native of the parish. BARTON- STACEY {All Saints), a parish, in the union of x\ndover, hundred of Barton-Stacey, An- dover and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 5 miles (S. S. W.) from Whitchurch; consisting of the tythings of Barton-Stacey, Bransbury, Drayton, and Newton-Stacey, and containing 56 1 inhabitants. It comprises upwards of 4800 acres. A fair is held on the 31st of July. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 2. 1.; patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Winchester. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £968, and the vica- rial for one of £260 ; and there are 55 acres of glebe. The church is an ancient structure of the early and de- corated English styles, with a square embattled tower, crowned with pinnacles, and surmounted by an angular turret. A national school is aided by the vicar ; and another school is endowed with £10. 10. per annum, being part of the rental of land left by Dorothy and Elizabeth Wright. A Roman road passed through the parish, and there are vestiges of a strong intrenchment at Bransbury. BARTON, STEEPLE {St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Woodstock, hundred of Wootton, county of Oxford, 4f miles (S. S. W.) from Deddington ; con- taining 640 inhabitants, of whom 60 are in the town- ship of Steeple-Barton, 531 in that of Middle Barton, and 49 in that of Sesswells-Barton. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 9. 4^.; net income, £?8; patron. Rev. Robert Wright ; impropriator, Duke of Marlborough : the tithes were commuted for land and an annual money payment, in 1795. The church is a spacious ancient structure, in the chancel of which are some monuments jof the Dormer family. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans ; and a school is supported by the Rev. William Wilson. BARTON-TURF {St. Michael), a parish, in the Tunstead and Happing incorporation, hundred of Tunstead, E. division of Norfolk, 11 miles (N. N. E.) from Norwich ; containing 408 inhabitants. It com- prises 1599«. 14p., of which 1005 acres are arable, 309 pasture and meadow, 35 woodland, and I67 water ; and is situated on the navigable river Ant, w^hieh opens out into a large lake or broad on the east side of the parish. The living is a discharged vicarage, with the rectory of Irstead united, valued in the king’s books at £3. 13. 4. ; patron and appropriator. Bishop of Norwich. The great tithes of Barton- Turf have been commuted for £290, and the vicarial for £l68 per annum ; there is half an acre of glebe belonging to the bishop, and the vicar’s glebe comprises 27| acres, besides 7-| in Neatshead pa- rish. The church contains handsome monuments to the Norris family. A school is conducted on the na- tional plan. Under the in closure act about thirty acres of land were allotted to the poor for fuel. BARTON-UNDER-NEEDWOOD, a parochial cha- pelry, in the parish of Tatenhill, union of Burton- 158 upon-Trent, N. division of the hundred of Offlow and of the county of Stafford, 6 miles (S. W. by w.) from Burton ; containing 1459 inhabitants. This place is the head of one of the five wards into which the ancient royal forest of Needwood has been divided, and comprises 3798a. 24^jo. of land, through which the Grand Trunk canal passes. Courts leet and baron are held in October ; and fairs on May 3rd and Nov. 28th. The living is a perpetual curacy; net income, £135; patron and appropriator. Dean of Lichfield. The chapel, dedicated to St. James, is a handsome building in the later English style, erected in the reign of Henry VIII. by Dr. John Taylor, a native of the place. Thomas Russell, in 1593, gave a rent-charge of £50. 10. for the establishment of a free grammar school, in which about sixty-five boys are instructed on Dr. Bell’s plan ; and a school for girls is partly supported by an endowment of £20 per annum. BARTON-UPON-HUMBER {St. P^t^r), a market- town and parish, in the union of Glandford-Brigg, N. division of the wapentake of Yarborough, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 34 miles (N.) from Lin- coln, and 167 (N.) from London ; containing 3495 in- habitants. This place, called in the Norman survey Berton super Humber, is of great antiquity, and is thought to have been a Roman station ; which opinion is in some degree confirmed by the direction of the streets, which intersect each other at right angles. During the Saxon and Danish contests it was of considerable im- portance, and is said to have been surrounded by a ram- part and fosse, some remains of which, called the Castle Dykes, are still perceptible. On the invasion of Anlaff and his confederates in the reign of Athelstan, he is supposed to have landed part of his forces and posted them here to act in concert with the main body of his army, which was stationed at Barrow, previous to the great battle of Brunnam, which took place in the adjoin- ing township, now Burnham. At the time of the Con- quest, it was noted for its commerce, and was one of the manors bestowed by William the Conqueror on his nephew, Gilbert de Gaunt, who had a castle here. It continued to flourish as a commercial town till Edward I. gave to Wyke-upon-Hull the appellation of ‘‘ King’s town upon Hull,” and made it a free borough, at which time the trade of Barton began to decline. The town is pleasantly situated on the south bank of the river Humber, at the foot of the northern termi- nation of the range of chalk hills called the Lincolnshire Wolds, and is of considerable extent, consisting of seve- ral streets, in which are numerous good dwelling-houses with gardens and orchards attached, and combining with the advantages of a market-town the pleasing appear- ance of a rural village. The trade is principally in corn, flour, malt, coal, and bones for manure ; there are also a large ropery and sacking manufactory, two large tanne- ries (in one of which the larch bark is used for the finer kinds of leather), an extensive foundry for church bells, which is carried on by Mr. James Harrison, whose grandfather obtained a premium for the best time-piece for finding the longitude at sea, and large manufactories for starch and malt. In the vicinity is a large chalk- stone quarry, producing great quantities of stone, the larger of which are used for repairing the banks of the Humber and other rivers, and for the construction and repair of jetties, and the smaller for mending roads 5 BART B A R U and the finest quality is sold for making plaster of Paris^ and shipped for foreign markets. The market, under an ancient grant, is on Monday, and is well supplied with corn and with provisions of every kind 3 a market is also held every alternate Monday for fat-cattle, and a fair, chiefly for toys, on Trinity-Thursday and the fol- lowing day. The ancient ferry to Hessle, across the Humber, which is here about a mile broad, is appurte- nant to the manor, which is vested in the crown : it has been for a long time granted to different lessees, and is now combined with the Hull ferry, under lease to the corporation of that town, who have established a steam -packet. There is a station on the line of the Hull and Selby railway at Hessle, just mentioned. The town is under the jurisdiction of the county magistrates, who hold a petty-session every fortnight 5 and consta- bles and other officers are appointed at the court leet of the manor, which is held annually under the crown. A court baron, formerly held every three weeks for the re- covery of debts under £2, has been discontinued since the establishment of a monthly court of requests for debts under £5. The parish comprises 6240 acres, of which about 7OO are arable, and 100 plantation 3 the land adjoining the Humber is of a clayey quality, but the greater part is a fine soil resting upon chalk. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £19. 4. 8. 3 net income, £261 3 patrons and impropriators, the Uppleby family. The great tithes were granted by Gilbert de Gaunt to the abbey of Bardney, and, at the inclosure of the waste lands, the tithe allotment and glebe of the impropriate rectory amounted to more than 1000 acres. By the in- closure act in 1792, the vicarial tithe allotment in the arable fields, amounting to 261 acres, was divided among three parties, in consideration of corn-rents payable half- yearly to the vicar, according to the average price of wheat, now amounting to £300 per annum 3 in addition to which the vicar has tithe-rent from ancient inclosures, amounting to £30 per annum, the surplice fees, and about five acres of glebe attached to the vicarage-house. St. Peter’s church is a spacious structure, principally in the decorated English style, with a tower, of which the upper part is evidently early Norman, and the lower of a. much more remote date, being probably one of the very few specimens of Saxon architecture remaining in the kingdom. There is also a church, dedicated to St. Mary, and formerly called the chapel of All Saints, which, having no endowment, is supposed to have been built as a chapel of ease to St. Peter’s, and which, ac- cording to tradition, was rebuilt by the merchants of Barton 3 it is partly in the Norman, but chiefly in the early English style, of which latter the tower is a very elegant specimen. There are places of w^orship for Wes- leyans, Independents, and Primitive Methodists, and a Roman Catholic chapel has recently been erected. Wil- liam Long, Esq., Richard Beck, Magdalen George, and Nicholas Fountain, bequeathed property for the support of a school, originally founded in 1722, and for which the trustees, in 1831, erected a schoolroom, wherein 100 boys are instructed on the Lancasterian plan. Thomas Holland, in 1669^ gave a rent-charge on land called Paradise close for the maintenance of four alms- houses for women 3 and Christopher Berton, in I7OI, left a messuage called the Chantry for the benefit of the poor. John Tripp, in I669, devised two oxgangs of land 159 for the clothing of poor people, and Magdalen George also bequeathed property for the same purpose 3 besides which there are some further bequests. In the south part of the parish is a small encampment, supposed to have been an outpost to the larger station at Burnham, and which has long been planted with trees, and is now styled Beaumont Cote. In November, 1828, a Roman urn of unburnt clay, and of excellent workmanship, was dug up in the West Field of Barton, near the line of the ancient road to Ferriby, containing human bones un- consumed 3 and near the spot where it had been depo- sited was discovered a human skeleton, the bones of which mouldered into dust on exposure to the air. BARTON-UPON-IRWELL, a township, in the pa- rish of Eccles, hundred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lancaster, miles (W. by S.) from Man- chester; containing 10,865 inhabitants. The manufac- ture of calico and nankeen goods is carried on. The Duke of Bridgewater’s canal crosses the Irwell at this place, by means of a stone aqueduct of three arches, which was the first constructed in England over a navi- gable river 3 and the Liverpool and Manchester railway also passes through the township. A church, dedicated to St. Catherine, a neat stone building, with an elegant octagonal spire rising to a height of about 100 feet from the ground, was consecrated on the 25th of October, 1843 3 the site is elevated, and commands extensive prospects. There are places of worship for Wesley ans and Roman Catholics. The Eccles parochial school, in the township, is endowed with pew-rents, amounting to £8 per annum 3 and in another school, twenty children are partly paid for by the trustees under the will of Mr. James Bradshaw. ' BARTON’S VILLAGE, a parochial district, in the parish of Whippingham, liberty of East Medina, Isle of Wight division of the county of Southampton, ^ mile (E.) from Newport ; containing about 700 inha- bitants. The district has been recently taken out of the parish of Whippingham 3 and a church, after the Nor- man style, of which the first stone was laid by Lady Worsley Holmes, in April 1840, and which contains 400 sittings, has been recently completed at an expense of £1300. The living is a curacy, in the patronage of the Rector of Whippingham. A parochial school has also been established. BARTON-WESTCOTT (St. Edward), a parish, in the union of Woodstock, hundred of Wootton, county of Oxford, 8 miles (N. by W.) from Woodstock 3 con- taining 290 inhabitants. Good limestone used for building is obtained. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7 j net income, £179 i patron and incumbent. Rev. Samuel Young Seagrave. BARUGH, a township, in the parish of Darton, wapentake of Staincross, W. riding of York, 2| miles (W. N. W*) from Barnsley 3 containing 1266 inhabitants. This township, which is partly the property of Thomas Wentworth Beaumont, Esq., includes the villages of Barugh, Gawber, and Higham, and comprises 1693a. 2r. 2 Ip., of which 1044 acres are arable, about 600 pas- ture, and 48 woodland 3 the soil is generally fertile, and the population is employed in weaving, bleaching, in the collieries of Gawber, and in agriculture. Gawber Hall, an ancient mansion, is now a farm-house. The village of Barugh though small, is neatly built, and advantage- ously situated near the Barnsley canal, which affords B A R W BASF facility of conveyance for the, produce of the township. A small school is aided by a donation of £2. 2. per an- num from Mr. Beaumont, and there is an endowed alms- house for two widows. BARUGH-AMBO, a township, in the parish of Kirkby-Misperton, Pickering lythe and union, N. riding of York, 5^ miles (S. W.) from Pickering 3 con- taining 304 inhabitants, of whom 186 are in Great, and 118 in Little Barugh. The township is situated on the east side of the small river Seven, and comprises by computation 2150 acres. The hamlets of Great and Little Barugh are distant from each other about a mile. Bricks and tiles are manufactured. BARWELL (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Hinckley, hundred of Sparkenhoe, S. division of the county of Leicester, 2 miles (N. E. by N.) from Hinckley 3 containing I6O7 inhabitants. It is situated near the road from Leicester to Hinckley, and near the Hinckley and Coventry canal, and comprises 2345a. 2r. 9p., in equal portions of arable and pasture 5 the popU' lation is partly employed in the manufacture of cotton- stockings, which is carried on to a great extent. The living is a rectory, with that of Elmsthorpe united, valued in the king’s books at £20. 10. 7^- ; patron and incumbent. Rev. George Mettam : the tithes of Barwell have been commuted for a rent-charge of £530, and there are more than 115 acres of glebe. The church is a handsome structure in the later English style. There are chapels of ease at Potters-Marston and Stapleton, in the parish 3 and there is a place of worship for Wesley- ans. A school is endowed with about £20 per annum, the bequest of Gabriel Newton, in I76O. BARWICK, a hamlet, in the parish of Abbot’s Roothing, hundred of Ongar, N. division of Essex 3 containing 126 inhabitants. BARWICK (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Docking, hundred of Smithdon, W. division of Nor- folk, 1 1 miles (N.) from Rougham 3 containing 32 in- habitants. It’ comprises 1233a. 3r. and contains Barwick House, the residence of D. Ploste, Esq. a neat brick mansion. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6 3 patron and impro- priator, Mr. Hoste : the great tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £132, and the vicarial for one of £100 3 and there are 45 acres of glebe. BARWICK (St. Mary Magdalene), sl parish, in the union of Yeovil, hundred of Hotjndsborough, Ber- wick, and Coker, W. division of Somerset, If mile (S. by E.) from Yeovil 3 containing, with the hamlet of Stoford, 446 inhabitants. It is situated near the road between Yeovil and Dorchester, and comprises by mea- surement 784 acres. Flax-spinning is carried on to some extent 3 and sheep and cattle fairs are held on June 11th and Sept. 28th. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 14. 7v'^i^d gift of John Newman, Esq. : the tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £245, and there are 46 acres of glebe. A school is conducted on the national plan. BARWICK-IN-ELMET (All Saints), a parish, in the Lower division of the wapentake of Skyrack, W. riding of York, 7 miles (N. E. by E.) from Leeds 3 containing 2275 inhabitants, of whom 1836 are in Bar- wick township. This place was the seat of Edwin, King of Northumbria, and had its name from a castle of great magnitude and strength, founded by that monarch on 160 an eminence called Hall -Tower Hill, and the walls of which inclosed an area of upwards of thirteen acres 3 and on the banks of Grimsdike rivulet, which flows on the west, was fought, in 655, the great battle between the Northumbrians and Mercians, in which Penda and many of his vassal princes were slain. The parish com- prises by measurement 8325 acres, whereof 1440 are in the township of Roundhay, and the remainder are in Barwick township, which includes Barnbow, Kiddal- with-Potterton, and Morwick-with-Scholes : the sub- stratum consists for a great part of coal and limestone. The Leeds and Selby railway passes through the parish. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £33. 12. 6., and in the patronage of the Crown, in right of the Duchy of Lancaster, with a net income of £1200 : the church is a handsome structure, in the later English style. At Roundhay is a district church, built in 1822 by Stephen Nicholson, Esq. 3 and there is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A school, endowed with £14 per annum, is conducted at Barwick 3 and at Stanks is a school supported by the rector, the schoolroom of which, built in 1839, is licensed for public worship. Of the ancient castle, the only remains are a portion of the ground-works, and the mount of Hall-Tower Hill. BASCHURCH (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Ellesmere, hundred of Pimhill, N. division of Salop, 8 miles (N. W. by N.) from Shrewsbury 3 con- taining 1491 inhabitants. It is intersected by the Elles- mere canal, and comprises 8213a. Ir. lOp., exclusively of the chapelry of Little Ness, which by computation contains 1 300 acres : red sandstone for building is quarried. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10. 16., and in the patronage of the Crown 3 net income, £203 5 impropriators, certain landowners in the parish : the glebe comprises 40 acres. At Little Ness is a chapel of ease. In the adjoining village of Newtown are two schools, endowed by Eleanor Harris, in I709 : and at Baschurch 24 children are taught and clothed in a school supported principally by Rowland Hunt, Esq. Several small sums, bequeathed by divers benefactors, are annually distributed among the poor. Vestiges of a Roman camp may be traced in the neighbourhood. BASFORD, a township, in the parish of Wybun- bury, union and hundred of Nantwich, S. division of the county of Chester, 4|- miles (E.) from Nantwich 5 containing 85 inhabitants. The Grand Junction rail- way passes through the township, and has a station on Basford Heath. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £64. 6., of which £58 are payable to the Bishop of Lichfield, and £6. 6. to the vicar of Wybun- bury. BASFORD (St. Leodgarius), a parish, and the head of a union, in the N. division of the wapentake of Broxtow and of the county of Nottingham, 2| miles (N. W. by N.) from Nottingham 3 contain- ing 8688 inhabitants. This parish, which is pleasantly situated in the vale of the river Leen, has a rich sandy soil, and is ornamented around the extensive village of Old Basford, with well-wooded scenery, thickly studded with modern mansions. Newly-rising and populous villages, the houses of which are chiefly built of brick and covered with blue slate, have lately sprung up in several parts, the principal of which are New Basford, Carrington, on the Mansfield road, Mapperley-place, B A S I B A S I and Sherwood. New Basford is situated at the southern extremity of the old village, and consists of several good streets which cross each other at right angles, and the principal occupants of which are persons employed in the manufacture of bobbin-net. The parish abounds with numerous springs of soft water, and has been selected as a place well adapted for the bleaching of cotton-hose and lace, and several large factories have been established for the manufacture of those articles. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 17. 7 •» and in the patronage of the Crown j net income, £260 ; impropriator, Duke of Newcastle : the tithes were commuted for land in 1792. The church, which is situated at the southern extremity of the vil- lage, was repaired in 1819;, when it received an addition of 212 free sittings. There are places of worship for Wesleyans, Methodists of the New Connexion, and Baptists. The poor law union of Basford comprises 43 parishes, of which 38 are in the county of Nottingham, and 5 in the county of Derby, and contains a popula- tion of 59,634 5 the workhouse was formerly the house of industry for 32 parishes in the county, and is a neat modern stone building. BASFORD, a township, in the parish of Cheddle- TON, union of Cheadle, N. division of the hundred of Totmonslow and of the county of Stafford, 3 miles (S. by E.) from Leek ; containing 349 inhabitants. BASHALL-EAVES, a township, in the parish of Mitton, union of Clitheroe, W. division of the wa- pentake of Stain CL iFFE and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 3 miles (W. by N.) from Clitheroe; containing 279 inhabitants. This place, long distinguished as the residence of the Talbots, has been variously designated Beckshalgh, Batsalve, Bakesholf, and Bashall, but the first orthography is the true one, viz. Beckshalgh, or “ the hill by the brooks,” which agrees precisely with its situation : in Domesday book it is styled Baschelf. The township comprises about 3640 acres, and includes the hamlets of Exa and Pagefold. The river Ribble passes on the east. BASILDON {St. Bartholomew) , a parish, in the union of Bradfield, hundred of Moreton, county of Berks, 8 miles (N. W. by W.) from Reading ; containing 812 inhabitants. This place appears to have been an- ciently a place of much greater importance than it is at present, being noticed in Domesday book as having two churches ; and in the reign of Edward II. the inhabit- ants obtained the grant of a weekly market, and a fair on St. Barnabas’- day. The parish comprises 3083cr. 6p., of which 52 acres are roads and waste ; the soil varies, but is principally flinty; the ground is hilly and beautifully romantic, and the vicinity abounds with pic- turesque scenery. The river Thames here separates the counties of Oxford and Berks, and is crossed by a via- duct of four arches on the line of the Great Western railway, erected at a cost of £25,000. The living is a discharged vicarage, with Ashampstead annexed, valued in the king’s books at £7. 14. 4^. ; patrons, alternately. Rev. William Sykes and the Trustees of the late Rev. C. Simeon ; impropriator of Basildon, Rev. W. Sykes, and of Ashampstead, John Hopkins, Esq. The great tithes have been commuted for £770, and the vicarial for £215 per annum, and the glebe comprises 19 acres. The church contains some hatchments of the family of Fane, formerly proprietors of the estate ; also some VoL. 1.— 161 chaste monuments belonging to the family of Sir Francis Sykes, Bart. In excavating for the railway, a beautiful tessellated pavement was discovered a few inches below the surface of an elevated spot, not far from the Thames ; and coins of Vespasian, in a high state of preservation, domestic utensils, and several skeletons, with a Roman sword lying near them, were also found in the imme- diate neighbourhood. BASILDON, a chapelry, in the parish of Laindon, union of Billericay, hundred of Barstable, S. divi- sion of Essex, 4| miles (S. E. by S.) from Billericay ; containing 157 inhabitants. This is a place of con- siderable antiquity, and contains three manors. The mansion of the manor of Barstable was about half a mile from the chapel of Basildon, and is said to have been surrounded by a town, which gave name to the hundred of Barstable ; and this is rendered probable by the fact, that foundations of houses have been ploughed up in the vicinity, as well as considerable quantities of human bones. The record of Domesday informs us that the estate of Barstable had been taken from a Saxon freeman, and given to Odo, Bishop of Bayeux ; in the reign of Edward III., it was generally holden, with the hundred, of the king. The chapel, dedicated to the Holy Cross, is a neat and substantial edifice, consisting of a nave and chancel, with an embattled tower sur- mounted by a spire. The tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £280, payable to the rector and vicar, and there is a glebe of 23 acres. BASING {St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Basingstoke, Basingstoke and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 2 miles (E. N. E.) from Basingstoke; containing 1172 inhabitants. This place is remarkable for having been the scene of the defeat of King Ethelred I. by the Danes, in 87 1. At the period of the Norman survey, Hugh de Port held fifty- five lordships in the county, of which Basing was the head. The castle was rebuilt, in a sumptuous manner, by Sir William Paulet, Knt., a lineal descendant from Hugh de Port, created Marquess of Winchester by Edward VI., and one of the most polite noblemen of the age : here, in 1560, he entertained Queen Elizabeth, who again honoured his great-grandson William, the fourth mar- quess, with a visit, in I6OI. John, the fifth marquess, distinguished himself for his gallant defence of his house at Basing, in the cause of Charles I., through a series of sieges that lasted for two years, at the end of which, in Oct. 1645, it was stormed and taken by Cromwell, who ordered it to be burned to the ground. The fortress and its outworks occupied an area of about fourteen acres and a half, through which the Basingstoke canal now passes ; the remains consist principally of the north gateway and part of the outer wall. The river Loddon and the London and Southampton railway run through the parish, which comprises about 4000 acres, whereof the surface is undulated, and the soil chalk, clay, and gravel. The living is annexed to the vicarage of Basingstoke : the great tithes, payable to Magdalen College, Oxford, have been commuted for a rent-charge of £705, with a glebe of 19 acres, and those of the in- cumbent for a rent-charge of £475. The church is a large ancient structure, with a central tower, and con- tains the family vault of the Paulets, in which all the dukes of Bolton of that family have been interred. National schools have been established. Y \ 0 B A S I B A S I Corporation Seal. BASINGSTOKE {St. Michael), a municipal bo- rough, market-town, and parish, and the head of a union, locally in the hun- dred of Basingstoke, and in the Basingstoke and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 18 miles (N. E.) from 'Winchester, and 45 (W. S. W.) from London, on the great west- ern road 5 containing 4066 ^ inhabitants. In the early part of the Saxon dynasty, Basingstoke was inferior to Old Basing j but at the time of the Conquest it had obtained the superiority, since, in the record of Domesday, it is described as a royal demesne, and as having a market. In 1261, Henry III., at the request of Walter de Merton, founded an hospital here for six poor priests, with preference to those from Merton College, Oxford. In the reign of Henry VHl. Sir William (afterwards Lord) Sandy s, in conjunction with Fox, Bishop of Winchester, instituted a guild and erected a beautiful chapel here, which he dedicated to the Holy Ghost. This fraternity was dissolved in the time of Edward VI., and the revenue was vested in the crown ; but in the reign of Mary it was re-established, and the income appropriated to the maintenace of a priest, for the celebration of divine service, and the in- struction of young men and boys, belonging to the town. During the civil war it was suppressed by Cromwell, and the estates were seized by the parliament , but through the intercession of Dr. Morley, Bishop of Win- chester, they were restored in I67O, and appropriated to their former use. Of the chapel, and the buildings con- nected with it, there are some remains on an eminence at the south-western side of the town, consisting of the south and east walls, and an hexagonal tower at the north-west angle. The TOWN is pleasantly situated in a fertile and well- cultivated district, near the source of the small river Loddon, and consists of several streets, containing neat and well-built houses 3 it is paved under an act of par- liament granted in 1815, and amply supplied with water and lighted with gas. Races formerly took place in Sept., but they have been latterly discontinued 3 a spacious reading-room has lately been erected. The trade is principally in corn and malt, which is carried on exten- sively, and is greatly facilitated by the situation of the town, at the junction of five principal roads, and by the Basingstoke canal, which communicates with the river Wey, near its confluence with the Thames, and was completed in 1796, at an expense of £180,000. The London and Southampton railway, also, has a principal intermediate station here. The chief market is on Wed- nesday, and has lately been made a pitched market for corn 3 there is also a minor market on Saturday 3 and fairs take place on Easter-Tuesday, the Wednesday next after Whitsuntide, and Oct. 11th, which last is also a statute fair : the one formerly held on Basingstoke downs, for cheese and cattle, is now held hear the cattle- market, and is entirely a cattle fair. The govern- ment, by charter of incorporation granted by James I., and confirmed by Charles II., was vested in a mayor, seven aldermen, and seven burgesses, assisted by the 162 usual officers, wffio were superseded in 1836 by a mayor, four aldermen, and 12 councillors, appointed under the Municipal Corporations’ Act : four justices, besides the mayor, act for the town, the county magistrates having concurrent jurisdiction. The latter hold a petty-session here for the division, on the first and third Wednesdays in every month 3 and a court leet is held under the lord of the manor, the jurisdiction of which extends over nineteen tythings. Basingstoke sent members to parlia- ment from the 23rd of Edward I. to the 4th of Edward II., when, it is supposed, the privilege ceased at the soli- citation of the inhabitants. The old town-hall has been taken down, and a new and very handsome edifice erected in its stead, containing, besides a good basement, a spa- cious market for corn, a justice-room of ample dimen- sions, waiting-room, &c., on the ground floor. The ball-room is of an elegant and chaste character and of good proportions, being 60 feet long and 30 wide, with a convenient orchestra, council-room, ante-room, &c., ap- proached by a light stone staircase. The expense of this elegant structure, which was erected from a design by Mr. Lewis Wyatt, was defrayed partly from the funds of the corporation, and partly by subscription. Be- hind it is a market-place, for meat, fish, vegetables, &c. The parish of Basingstoke is co -extensive with the borough, and contains about 4000 acres, of which the surface consists of hill and dale, and the soil is good light earth, suited to the production of barley. The living is a discharged vicarage, with Basing and Upper Nately annexed, valued in the king’s books at £30. I6. 5^.3 net income, £572 ; patrons and appropriators. President and Fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £783. 7-j and the vicarial for a rent-charge of £494. 13. 3 there are I7 acres of glebe belonging to the college, and if acre of vicarial glebe. The church is a spacious and handsome structure, in the later English style, with a low embattled tower, and contains a small parochial library, the gift of Sir George Wheler. There are places of worship for the. Society of Friends, the Connexion of the Countess of Huntingdon, and Independents. The free grammar school, called ‘‘the Holy Ghost Chapel School,” and originally founded in the reign of Henry VIII. by Sir William Sandys and Richard Fox, Bishop of Winchester, in connexion with the guild of the Holy Ghost, was re-established, after the dissolution of the fraternity in the time of Edward VI. by Queen Mary, and has now a revenue exceeding £200, arising from 105 acres of land. Dr. Joseph Warton, a poet and refined critic, and his brother Thomas, the poet-laureate, received the early part of their education here, under their father, Thomas 'Warton, B.D., some time Professor of Poetry in the University of Oxford, and subsequently master of the school. The Blue- coat school, in which ten boys are clothed, maintained, and educated, was founded and endowed in 1646, by Mr. Richard Aldworth, and with it is united a national school. Another national school, for boys, was established by Dr. Sheppard, late vicar of Basingstoke 3 and one for girls by his widow, who erected a schoolroom at an expense of £500. Almshouses for eight aged men or women, each of whom receives £6. 18. per annum, were founded and endowed by Sir James Deane, Knt., in 1607 5 an almshouse on the road to Reading, lately removed from Chapel, is endowed for three widows 3 and three almshouses, for aged widows BASS BASS of the Independent Congregation, were founded and endowed by Mr. Joseph Page, in 1808. The poor law union of Basingstoke comprises 37 parishes and places, of which 36 are in the county of Southampton, and 1 in the county of Berks, and contains a population of 16,636. On an eminence in the vicinity is an ancient encampment of an elliptical form, 1100 yards in circum- ference, called Aubrey Camp. John de Basingstoke, a learned Greek scholar, and the intimate friend of Mat- thew Paris 5 Sir James Lancaster, an eminent navigator, who, in the reign of Elizabeth, explored the Arctic Sea, and was a great benefactor of the town 3 and Thomas Warton, above-mentioned, were natives of the place. Bx\SINGTHORPE (Thomas a Becket), a parish, in the upion of Grantham, wapentake of Beltisloe, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 3f miles (N. W.) from Corby 5 containing, with the hamlet of Westby, 137 inhabitants. It comprises 1790 acres, the property of the Earl of Dysart. The living is a vicarage, with Westby, valued in the king’s books at £8. 17. 6., and in the patronage of the Earl : the vicarial tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £190, and the impro- priate for one of £230 ; and there are 4 acres of glebe. BASLOW, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Bakewell, hundred of High Peak, N. division of the county of Derby, 4 miles (N. E.) from Bakewell ; con- taining 962 inhabitants. This place is situated on the river Derwent, and on the road from Bakewell to Ches- terfield. The inhabitants are partly employed in the cotton manufacture, and there are some quarries of ordi- nary building-stone. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £115 3 patron, Duke of Devonshire 5 im- propriator, Duke of Rutland : the tithes (those on wool and lamb excepted) were comniuted for land in 1822. The chapel, which is chiefly in the later English style, has a tower and low spire at the western end of the north aisle. There are two places of worship forWesley- ansj and about half a mile from the village is Stanton- Ford school, endowed with about £15 per annum. BASSALEG (St. Basil), a parish, in the union and division of Newport, hundred of Wentlloog, county of Monmouth, 2f miles (W.) from Newport 5 contain- ing, with the hamlets of Duffryn, Graig, and Rogerstone, 1731 inhabitants. The parish is partly bounded by the river Severn, and comprises about 6500 acres, of which 2633 are arable, 3146 meadow and pasture, and 722 woodland 3 it is intersected by the river Ebn and the Monmouthshire canal, and the Rumney railway joins the Sirhowey railway here, at a place called Pye Corner. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £14. 13. 6|., and in the gift of the Bishop of LlandafF : the glebe consists of about 1 acre 3 and the tithes have been commuted for rent-charges amounting to £864. 18., of which £509. 19. belong to the Bishop, £327. 19. to the incumbent, and £27 to an impropria- tor. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists 3 and a free school, endowed with £20 per annum, is con- ducted on the national plan. On the brow of a hill, a mile from the village, is a circular entrenchment, called Craeg-y-Saesson, supposed to have been a Saxon camp, a mile from which is one named Pen-y-Park proba- bly a fortress of the Britons. A priory was founded here in 1101, which became a cell to the abbey of Glastonbury. BASSENTHWAITE (St. Bridget), a parish, in the union of Cockermouth, Allerdale ward below Der- 163 went, W. division of Cumberland, 5 miles (N, W. by from Keswick 3 containing 536 inhabitants. The parish comprises about 7609 acres, much of which is wet heavy land 3 it includes a portion of the lofty mountain Skid- daw, situated at its south-eastern extremity, and is in- tersected by the river Derwent. The beautiful lake of Bassenthwaite, or Broadwater, covers about 1500 acres of ground, and the parish is enriched throughout with scenery of a sublime character. There is a mine of anti- mony in the neighbourhood, and lead- ore has also been found. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £123 3 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Carlisle : the tithes were commuted for land in 1770. In addition to the parochial church, there is a chapel of ease. BASSETT-HOUSE, an extra-parochial liberty, in the union of Maricet-Bosworth, hundred of Sparkenhoe, S. division of the county of Leicester 5 containing 30 inhabitants. It is situated near the road from Leicester to Hinckley, about midway between the two towns. BASSINGBOURNE (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Royston, hundred of Armingford, county of Cambridge, 3:^ miles (N. W. by N.) from Royston 3 containing, with the hamlet of Kneesworth, 1774 inha- bitants. A fair is held on the festival of St. Peter and St. Paul. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 0. 10.^3 net income, £224 3 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Westminster: the tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, in 1801. A room adjoining the north aisle has been appropriated to the reception of a parochial library, founded in 1717, by Edward Nightingale. A. school, conducted on the Lancasterian plan, was commenced in 1833. BASSINGHAM (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Newark, Lower division of the wapentake of Boothby-Graffo, parts of Kesteven, county of Lin- coln, 8 miles (E. N. E.) from Newark, and 9 miles (S. W. by S.) from Lincoln 5 containing 792 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the river Witham, com- prises 3015(2. 28jo., of which 1430 acres are arable, about 1494 meadow and pasture, and the remainder roads and waste 5 the soil is partly clay and partly gravel, and uniformly flat. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £26. 16. 8. ; net income, £483 3 patrons. President and Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Oxford : the glebe comprises 157 acres. The church is a hand- some ancient structure, of which the tower has been rebuilt within the last fifty years. There are two places of worship for Wesleyans, and one for Primitive Metho- dists 3 and a school is partly supported by the rector, and partly from the rent of two lanes, called Meadow lanes.” BASSINGTON, a township, in the parish of Eg- lingham, union of Alnwick, N. division of CoauET- DALE ward and of Northumberland, 3^ miles (N. W. by W.) from Alnwick ; containing 11 inhabitants. This place, which is situated on the north side of the Ain, near its junction with the Eglingham burn, derives its name from hassin, an old word signifying rushy, and ton, a place of abode 5 and the surrounding fields, not- withstanding the progress of cultiva,tion, still very much abound with the common rush. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £l6. 7* 6., and the vicarial for one of 8^. Sd. Y 2 B AT C BATH B ASTON {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Bourne, wapentake of Ness, parts of Keste- VEN, county of Lincoln, 3^ miles (N. N. W.) from Market-Deeping ; containing, with Thetford, 765 inha- bitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 1. 3., with a net income of £231 3 it is in the patronage of the Crown, and the im- propriation belongs to Brown’s Hospital at Stamford. The tithes were commuted for an allotment of land, in the year 1801. BASTWICK, a hamlet, in the parish of Repps, East and West Flegg incorporation, hundred Of West Flegg, E. division of Norfolk, 5 miles (N. N. E,) from Acle. Here was anciently a chapel, which has long been in ruins. BASWICH {Holy Trinity), a parish, partly in the union of Stafford, and partly in that of Penkridge, E. division of the hundred of Cuttlestone, S. division of the county of Stafford, miles (E. S. E.) from Stafford ; consisting of the chapelry of Acton-Trussell with Bednall, and the townships of Baswich and Bromp- ton 3 and containing 1438 inhabitants, of whom 626 are in the township of Baswich. This parish, which is situated on the road from Stafford to Lichfield, and is skirted by a branch of the river Trent, comprises by measurement 1644 acres of fertile land, and there are some quarries of good building- stone. The Stafford- shire and Worcestershire canal passes through the parish, and the Grand Junction railway within two miles. The living is a vicarage not in charge • net in- come, £238 3 patrons, alternately, J. N. Lane and R. Inge, Esqrs. 3 appropriator. Prebendary of Whittington and Baswich in the Cathedral of Lichfield. A church has just been erected at Walton. Twenty-two chil- dren are taught in a school at the expense of three ladies of the parish 3 and in another, twenty, at that of Mrs. Levett. A national school is supported by sub- scription. BATCOMBE {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Cerne, hundred of Yetminster, Cerne division of Dorset, 3 miles (N. W. by W.) from Cerne Abbas 3 con- taining 171 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 1149 acres, of which 17^ are arable, 539 pasture, 28 orchard, 27 woodland, and 383 common 3 the soil is a deep black mould. The living is a discharged rectory, united in 177^2 to that of Froome-Vauchurch, and valued in the king’s books at £9. 9. 9^. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £130, and there are 45 acres of glebe. The church is a handsome structure in the early English style, with a finely carved roof of oak, and a square tower 3 on the north side is a private aisle for sepulture, anciently belonging to the family of Minterne. BATCOMBE {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Shepton-Mallet, and forming a detached portion of the hundred of Whitestone, E. division of Somerset, 3 miles (N. by E.) from Bruton 3 containing 780 inha- bitants. It comprises by measurement 3170 acres, of which 670 are arable, and Upton-Noble contains about 640 acres. The living is a rectory, with the perpetual curacy of Upton-Noble annexed, valued in the king’s books at £26. 14. 4^. 3 net income, £690 5 patron and incumbent. Rev. J. Browne. The church at Upton- Noble is an ancient structure. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans. 164 BATCOMBE, a tything, in the ancient parish of Nyland, union of Axbridge, hundred of Glaston- Twelve-Hides, E. division of Somerset 3 containing 11 inhabitants. BATH, a city, having separate jurisdiction, and the head of a union, locally in the hundred of Bath-Fo- rum, E. division of Somer- set, 12 miles (E. by S.) from Bristol, 19 (N. N. E.) from Wells, and 107 (W.) from London, on the direct road to Bristol 3 containing, with the whole of the parish of Walcot, 38,314 inhabitants, and with those of Bathwick and Widcombe and Lyncombe, 53,206. The name of this city is obviously derived from its medicinal springs, the efficacy of which has been celebrated from remote antiquity. It is stated to have been a British town prior to the Roman invasion, and to have been named Caer Badon, or the place of baths,” from an accidental discovery of the medicinal properties of its waters by Bladud, son of Lud Hudibras, King of Britain, who, according to the fabulous histories of those times, having been banished from court on account of leprosy, came to this place, and being cured of that disease by using the waters, built a palace here after his accession to the throne, and encouraged the resort of persons affected with cutaneous disorders. And so favourably was this account received even till the eighteenth century, that his statue was erected in the king’s bath, with an in- scription to that effect, in 1699. The researches of modern historians, however, have induced them to re- ject the tradition as entirely destitute of support, and to ascribe the foundation of the city to the Romans, in the reign of Claudius, who, having ascertained the healing quality of its waters, constructed, on a skilful and ex- tensive plan, their balnea, consisting of frigidaria, tepi- daria, olothesia, sudatoria, &c., for the better enjoyment of the luxury of the bath, and gave to the station the name Aquce Solis. They erected a temple to Minerva, with many votive altars, and numerous other buildings, the remains of which, discovered at various periods, strikingly indicate their splendour and magnificence. They also surrounded the city with walls twenty feet in height, and of prodigious thickness, including an area in the form of an irregular pentagon, of which the larger diameter was 1200 feet, and the smaller 1140. In the centre were the prcetorium, the baths, and the temple ; and in the walls were four gates terminating the prin- cipal streets, from which they constructed roads leading to the neighbouring stations, Verlucio, Ischalis, Ahona, &c. After the departure of the Romans from Britain, Bath, then called Caer Palladwr, “ the city of the waters of Pallas,” remained in the possession of the Britons for more than a century, being disturbed only by one or two unsuccessful attacks of the Saxon chieftains, JElla and Cerdic, who were bravely repulsed by the renowned King Arthur. In the year 577 the Saxons, having nearly overrun the kingdom, fell with irresistible fury on the western part of England 3 and having gained the memorable battle of Deorham, about eight miles distant, Bath fell BATH BATH a prey to their ravages^ and was abandoned to indis- criminate plunder. Its temple was destroyed, its altars were overthrown, and its baths and other splendid monuments of Roman grandeur reduced to a heap of ruins. How long it continued in this desolate state is uncertain, but probably the Saxons, after having retained uninterrupted possession of it for a time, took means to effect its restoration : they rebuilt the walls and other fortifications upon the original foundations, with the old materials, cementing them with a liquid substance, which time has rendered harder than stone 3 and it is likely that they also directed their attention to the baths, which they soon restored j for the Saxon names of the city were Hat Bathur, “ hot baths,” and Ace mannes ceaster, ‘‘ city of invalids.” After their conver- sion to Christianity, a nunnery was erected here, in 676, by King Osric, which was destroyed during the wars of the heptarchy j and on its site a college of Secular canons was founded, in 775, by Offa, King of Mercia, who had taken Bath from the King of Wessex, and an- nexed it to his own dominions : he also rebuilt the conventual church of St. Peter, in which Edgar was crowned king of England, by Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury, in 973, and the anniversary of his corona- tion continued to be celebrated in the time of Camden, in commemoration of the numerous privileges which he granted to the citizens on that occasion. Edgar con- verted the college into a Benedictine monastery, which, with the church, was again demolished by the Danes. At the time of the Norman survey, Bath contained 178 burgesses, of whom 64 held under the king, 90 under different feudatories of the crown, and 24 under the Abbot of St. Peter’s. In the first year of the reign of William Rufus, Geoffrey, Bishop of Coutances, and Robert de Mowbray, who had risen in support of the claim of Robert, Duke of Normandy, to the throne of England, obtained possession of the city by assault, and reduced the greater part of it to ashes. From this cala- mity, however, it soon recovered, under the favour of John de Villula, who, on his promotion to the see of Wells, about the year 1090, purchased the city from Henry I. for 500 marks, and built a new and spacious church here for that see, removing the episcopal chair to this place, where, during the festival of Easter in 1107, he had the honour of entertaining Henry I. In the turbulent reign of Stephen, Bath suffered greatly from its proximity to Bristol, then the head-quarters of the Empress Matilda, and was alternately occupied by the adherents of both parties. It continued in the possession of its bishops until 1193, when Bishop Savaric transferred it to Richard I. in exchange for the abbey of Glastonbury 5 and this monarch made it a free borough, and invested it with many privileges, in con- sequence of which it began to participate in the com- merce of the country, and to increase in wealth and importance. The manufacture of woollen cloth, which was commenced in England in the year 1330, was established here under the auspices of the monks, on which account the shuttle was introduced into the arms of the monastery. During the civil war in the reign of Charles I., Bath was fortified for the king 5 but the Marquess of Hertford, who commanded the royal forces, having retired into Wales, it fell into the hands of the parliamentarians, and became the head-quarters of the army raised by Waller in that part of the country, to 165 retrieve the loss which his party had sustained in the battle of Stratton. In 1643, the battle of Lansdown, in the immediate neighbourhood, took place, in which the royalists, notwithstanding many local disadvantages, drove the parliamentary forces from the field, and com- pelled them to retire into the city 3 in commemoration of which, a monument was erected on the spot in 1720. After this battle the royalists regained possession of the city, which they held till it was finally surrendered to the parliament in 1645. On the restoration of Charles II., the citizens presented a congratulatory address through the celebrated William Prynne, then one of their representatives 3 and in the autumn of 1663, the king paid a visit to Bath, on which occasion his chief physician having recommended the internal use of the waters, the adoption of this practice became general. After the suppression of Monmouth’s rebellion, four persons, who had been condemned by Judge Jeffreys, were executed here. The CITY continued within the limits prescribed to it by the Romans till the year 1720, and its suburbs consisted merely of a few scattered houses : celebrated only for the medicinal properties of its hot springs, it was for several years visited merely by invalids. The perseverance of Mr. John Wood, an enterprising archi- tect, who was encouraged by the proprietors of land in the vicinity, about the year 1728, first led to its im- provement 3 and the excellent quarries of freestone in the neighbourhood facilitated the execution of an enter- prise which has embellished it with splendid edifices, and raised it to the highest rank as a place of fashionable resort. The town is pleasantly situated on the banks of the river Avon, along which its buildings extend more than two miles, decorating the acclivities, and crowning the summits, of the fine range of hills by which it is en- vironed. Over that part of the Avon which skirts the eastern side of the town are two stone bridges, one of ancient, the other of modern, erection : a handsome iron bridge has recently been constructed, connecting Walcot with Bathwick, and affording a direct entrance from the London road into that improving part of the town 3 and, more recently, a similar structure, called the North Parade bridge, has been erected, connecting the parades with Bathwdck and Widcombe. Three smaller bridges on the suspension principle, one near Grosvenor-build- ings, the other tw^o on the Tiverton side of the city, also add to the public convenience. Among the earliest of the modern improvements is Queen’s-square, the houses in which are decorated with columns and pilasters of the Corinthian order 3 in the centre is an obelisk 70 feet high, erected in 1738 by Beau Nash, to commemorate the visit of the then Prince and Princess of Wales, who occupied a house in the square. The Circus is a noble range of uniform edifices, and the Royal Crescent, also,' is characterised by a simple grandeur of elevation, and has, in front, an extensive lawn, which slopes gradually until bounded by a noble avenue leading to and forming part of the Royal Victoria Park, which comprises walks of the most attractive character, and a spacious carriage drive. Above the Crescent are St. James’s-square, Cavendish-place and crescent. Somerset-place and Lans- down-crescent, rising successively above each other, and forming so many stations from which may be seen the central parts of this elegant city, encircled as in an am- phitheatre of gracefully swelling hills. In the lower BATH BATH part of the town considerable improvements are in pro- gress 3 the houses which formerly obscured the abbey have been removed, and that ancient and noble edifice has undergone a thorough repair, under the care and from the funds of the old corporation. Through Orange- grove, in the centre of which is an obelisk commemo- rating the restoration of the Prince of Orange to health by drinking the waters, a carriage road has been formed, and other alterations are in progress, contributing much to the convenience of the public. In the new town, on the eastern bank of the Avon, is Laura-place, a neat range in the form of a lozenge, from which proceeds Great Pulteney-street, an extended series of mansions, at the extremity of which are Sydney-gardens, occupy- ing a spacious area surrounded by buildings forming Sydney-place, not inferior in beauty and elegance to the most splendid part of the city. The city has been lighted with gas since 1819. The hills which surround it abound with springs, within 50 feet of their summits, and no forcing apparatus is required for supplying any part of the town. All the BATHS belong to the corporation, except some small ones, formerly the property of the Duke of Kings- ton. In 1811, fears were entertained of the escape of the hot springs, and considerable sums were laid out in puddling the ground through which they rise 3 and more recently, an individual, in boring for a well, reached one of the hot springs, and the aperture was not closed without much expense and litigation. No in- convenience, however, is at present felt from a deficiency of water in any of the baths. In the 29th of George III. a statute, called the Bath Improvement Act, was obtained, principally for the improvement of the baths and pump- room, under which commissioners were appointed, with power to levy tolls and raise money on mortgage of them 3 and the corporation, in addition to the payment of an an- nual sum towards the reduction of the debt thus incurred, disbursed £71b3, and gave up buildings and other pro- perty valued at £9000, towards the improvements, which consisted sprincipally in rebuilding the pump-room, and in the removal of houses, for the purpose of securing the springs, and rendering the approaches to the baths and pump-room more commodious ; the property improved under this act was finally vested in the corporation. The grand pump-room, the centre of attraction during the fashionable season, was erected in 1797, and is a handsome building, eighty-five feet in length, forty-eight in width, and thirty-four in height. The interior is lighted by a double range of windows, and decorated with pillars of the Corinthian order, supporting a rich entablature and a lofty coved ceiling : at the west end is an orchestra, and at the eastern a well-executed mar- ble statue of the celebrated Beau Nash, under whose •superintendence as master of the ceremonies, the elegant amusements of the place were for many years regulated. The principal entrance is through a portico of four lofty columns of the Corinthian order, supporting a triangular pediment, under the tympanum of which is inscribed APISTON MEN YADP.” The king s bath contains 364 tons of water, and is conveniently fitted up with seats and recesses, having also a handsome colon- nade of the Doric order, with the statue of Bladud, the traditionary patron of the waters. The queen’s bath adjoining it, has likewise suitable apartments. The cross bath, so called from a cross erected in the 166 centre of it, and the hot bath, so named from its supe^ rior degree of heat, the mean temperature being 117° of Fahrenheit, have the convenience of dry and vapour baths 3 and a small pump-room has been erected. The waters contain carbonic acid and nitrogen gases, sul- phate and muriate of soda, sulphate and carbonate of lime, and silicious earth, with a minute portion of oxyde of iron, and are efficacious in gout, rheumatism, palsy, biliary obstruction, and cutaneous disorders. The corporation, with great liberality and taste, have also erected several private baths for the accommodation of invalids, and others 3 besides a swimming-bath of very large dimensions, probably unrivalled for beauty and commodiousness. A Literary and Philosophical Institution was established in 1820 : the buildings oc- cupying the site of the lower assembly-rooms, which were burnt down in 1820, are of the Doric order. The Mechanics’ Institution in Queen’s-square, erected in 1839» is an appropriate structure in the Grecian style. The Bath and West of England Society for the encou- ragement of Agriculture, the Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce, by the distribution of premiums and medals, was instituted in 1777, at the suggestion of Mr. Edmund Rack 3 and there are many excellent circulating libra- ries, the terms of which are reasonable. A handsome building for the Savings’ bank has been erected in Char- lotte-street, at an expense of £2500. Among the chief sources of amusement are the sub- scription assemblies and concerts, which are held during the season, under the superintendence of a master of the ceremonies, whose office, being equally honourable and lucrative, has been warmly contested by the successive candidates. The rooms are superbly elegant 3 the ball- room is 105 feet long, 43 wide, and 22 high, and the card-rooms, library, and rooms for refreshment, are furnished in a style of great splendour. The city as- semblies, for those who are not eligible as subscribers to the upper rooms are held, by permission of the corpo- ration, in the banquet-room of the guildhall. The theatre, a well-adapted edifice, in the centre of the city, among the buildings of which it is distinguished by the loftiness of its elevation, is handsomely fitted up and decorated 3 the ceiling is divided into compartments embellished with exquisite paintings by Cassali, which were removed from Fonthill Abbey. The building was completed in 1805, and is regularly open during the season 3 it has been long and deservedly eulogized for the excellence of the performances, and many actors who have attained the highest degree of eminence on the London stage have made their debut here. Sydney- gardens are laid out with great taste and beauty, and afford an agreeable promenade at all times, and during the summer attract numerous assemblages to public entertainments and exhibitions of fireworks, upon which occasions they are brilliantly illuminated. The Sub- scription Club-house, in York-buildings, containing a spacious suite of rooms, is established upon the plan ot most of the superior club-houses in London 3 the an- nual subscription is six guineas and a half. There are subscription billiard-rooms in Milsom-street, to which those only are admissible who are eligible to the assem- bly-rooms 3 also two extensive riding-schools, in one of which is a spacious covered ride for invalids in un- favourable weather. Lansdown and Claverton down afford delightful equestrian excursions, displaying much BATH BATH variety, and abounding in interesting scenery. The liberty, the parish of Walcot, the hundreds of Bath- faces take place on Lansdown, the week after Ascot Forxim and Wellow, and the liberties of Hampton and races y and there is a spring meeting in April. On this Claverton, and Easton with Amrill. The corporation down, Mr. Beckford, the late proprietor of Fonthill possess a large revenue applicable to civic purposes, and Abbey, erected a tower of considerable height and also hold some property, called the Bath Common beauty, commanding a most extensive prospect of the estate, lying to the west of the city, in trust for all the surrounding country. resident citizens, who participate equally in its profits ; The town, by means of the river, which is navigable it comprises about 100 acres, let as a grazing farm, and to Bristol, and the Kennet and Avon canal, by which it is a parcel of the ancient manor or grange of Barton- maintains an inland communication with London and the Regis. The elective franchise was conferred in the intermediate places, is favourably situated for trade j reign of Edward I., since which time the city has con- but the only branches of manufacture carried on are tinued to return two members to parliament j the those of woollen cloth, Bath coating, and kerseymere, borough consists of 3534 acres 5 the mayor is returning which are made in the vicinity. The Great Western officer. The Guildhall is an elegant structure of free- railway, from London to Bath and Bristol, was opened stone 3 the front is decorated with a portico of four throughout on the 30th of June, 1841 3 most of the lofty Corinthian columns, rising from a rustic basement, heaviest works of the line occur in the neighbourhood of and supporting a triangular pediment, with a rich enta- this city. The Bath viaduct extends 800 feet in length. Mature and cornice, in the tympanum of which are the and 30 in breadth, and rests on 65 segmental arches, of city arms, and on the apex a finely sculptured figure of about 20 feet span, constructed of Bath stone, and pre- Justice 3 above the cornice is a handsome balustrade, senting a uniformity of design with the other buildings with urns. The building comprises on the ground floor of the city 3 and connected with this work is an oblique a vestibule, sessions-hall, offices for the courts of record wooden bridge, formed at an angle of 28°, supported on and requests, and for the chamberlain and town-clerk 5 stone piers, and crossing , the river Avon, with openings and in the upper story, a magnificent suite of apartments of 99 feet span, by which the railway is carried 36 feet formerly devoted to civic entertainments. In the mayor’s above the level of the river. The Bath station, which room is a beautiful head of Minerva, or Apollo, of gilt covers a space of 13,500 square feet, is elevated 30 feet brass, which was discovered in 1727, at the depth of above the contiguous ground, and is approached by an sixteen feet below the surface of the ground, in Stall- ascending carriage-way from Pierrepoint-street. The street, and is thought to be part of a mutilated statue, markets are held on Wednesday and Saturday, in an the remainder of which is buried near the same spot, area behind the guildhall, the wings of which form the The prison is a spacious building, occupying an area of principal entrances : the market-house is extensive and 60 feet in front, and 80 feet in depth, with a large court- Commodious. The corn and cattle markets are in yard, and cells in which delinquents are confined pre- Walcot-street, and were built about twenty-eight years viously to their committal to the county gaol, since, by the corporation, at an expense of £6000 3 the Jointly with Wells, Bath Coal-market is in the Sawclose. The fairs are on Feb. is the head of a diocese, 14th and July 10th. comprising the county of The city enjoyed, under Somerset 3 the income of Edgar and other Saxon mo- the bishop is £5000. The narchs, many valuable mu- Abbey church, dedicated to NiciPAL privileges, which St. Peter and St. Paul, is a were afterwards confirmed venerable and finely-propor- by Richard I. and other tioned cruciform structure, monarchs, subsequently re- in the later English style, cognised and enlarged by a of which it forms one of the charter of Queen Elizabeth, purest specimens : from the and finally by George III., intersection an irregularly who made such modifica- quadrilateral tower rises to the height of 162 feet. It . tions in the charter as the occupies the site, and is built partly with the materials. Corporation ^eal. increasing importance of the of the conventual church of the monastery, founded by place required* By the Act 5th and 6th of William IV, Osric, which had subsisted, under different forms of cap. 76, the corporation consists of a mayor, fourteen government, for more than 800 years. This church aldermen, and forty-two councillors, constituting the having become dilapidated. Bishop Oliver King (as it is council of the borough, which is divided into seven said, admonished in a dream, of which a memorial is wards 3 the magistrates are twelve in number, and the sculptured on the west front,) began to rebuild it in police force comprises a principal, two superintendents, 1495 3 but dying before it was completed, and the twelve inspectors, and 132 constables. Since the pass- citizens refusing to purchase it from the commissioners ing of the above act, quarter-sessions, having been of Henry VIII., the walls were left roofless, till Dr. applied-for by the council, and granted, are held before James Montague, bishop of the diocese, aided by a the recorder 3 and as ords of the manor, the corpora- liberal contribution from the nobility and gentry resi- tion hold a court leet, at which the town-clerk presides^ dent in the county, completed it, in the year I6O6 : the A Court of requests, also, for the recovery of debts not revenue, at the Dissolution, was £695. 6. 1:|. It has exceeding £10, is held every Wednesday, by commis- now, as before noticed, undergone a thorough repair sioners appointed under an act of the 45th of George III., and embellishment at the expense of the corporation 3 the jurisdiction of which extends over the city and but not in accordance with the simplicity of its original 167 BAT II BATH style. By charter of Elizabeth, the several parishes of St. Peter and St. Paul, (or the Ahhey parish,) St. James, and St. Michael, were consolidated into one rectory, to which the vicarage of Widcombe and Lyncombe was annexed ; it is valued in the king’s books at £20. 17. 1 1.; net income, £750 5 patrons, Trustees of the late Rev. Charles Simeon. St. James’ church, rebuilt in 1/68, is an elegant structure, in the later English style : St. Michael’s, rebuilt in 1835, is of early English character, with a lofty and w^ell- proportioned spire of great beauty. The parochial church of Walcot, a spacious edifice within the liberty of the city, was rebuilt in 1780 : the living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 19. 9|. y net income, £886 j patron. Rev. S. H. Widdrington. Christchurch was erected by subscription in 1798, for the especial accommodation of the poor, and is a fine building, in the later style of English architecture : the living is a perpetual curacy, net income, £210 5 patron. Rector of Walcot. Trinity church, in St. James’-street, is of recent erection : the living is a perpetual curacy net income, £243 j patron. Rector of Walcot. At Lambridge, also, in the parish of Walcot, a church has been built, called St. Saviour s ; and Port- land chapel, in the same parish, late a Roman Catholic chapel, has been purchased by the Rev. S. H. Widdring- ton, who, under the sanction of the Bishop, has con- verted it into a Protestant chapel, annexed to the rectory. St. Mark's church, in the parish of Widcombe and Lyn- combe, is a modern edifice : the living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £169 3 patron. Rector of Bath. St. Mary Magdalene' s, an ancient edifice overspread with ivy, near Beachen cliff, is a parochial chapel and per- petual curacy, in the gift of the Crown. St. Mary's chapel, in Queen-square, built by subscription in 1735, is a handsome Grecian edifice, of which the exterior is of the Doric, and the interior of the Ionic, order. The Octagon chapel, in Milsom-street, was erected in 17 67, and is much admired for the elegance of its style. Margaret chapel, in Margaret-buildings, is a spacious and handsome structure, of early English architecture. The chapel in Lansdown-place, erected in 1794, and dedicated to All Saints, is a good specimen of the deco- rated style, and has twelve fine windows, in which are painted the heads of the Apostles, and an east window, ornamented with a painting of the Last Supper. Ken- sington chapel, a neat modern building near the London road, was erected by subscription, in 1795 3 and Laura chapel, an elegant and well-arranged edifice in Henrietta- street, in 1796. There are three places of worship for Wesleyans, two for Baptists, and one each for the Society of Friends, the Connexion of the Countess of Huntingdon, Independents, Moravians, and Unitarians 3 also two Roman Catholic chapels. The Free Grammar school was founded by Edward VI. in 1552, and endowed with lands belonging to the dissolved religious houses : the management is vested in the trustees of the public charities of the city, who appoint the master, and allow him a salary of £60 per annum, and an excellent house. The rectory of Charl- combe was annexed to the mastership by the late Rev. William Robins, for the instruction of ten additional boys, sons of freemen, or inhabitants of the city, in classical and commercial learning. The Blue-coat charity school, for 50 boys and 50 girls, was established in 171 1^ by Robert Nelson, Esq., and is chiefly supported 168 by subscription : an apprentice- fee of £6 is given with each boy, and one of £5 with each girl, on leaving the school. There are also two other free schools for girls 3 besides a national school at Weymouth House 5 one on the Lancasterian plan, called the Bath and Bath-Forum school, in Ladymead 5 several infants’ and adults’ schools 3 and a Roman Catholic free school. The Catholics have also a noble seminary at Prior Park, near the city, which property was purchased a few years since by the Rt. Rev. Dr. Baines, Roman Catholic Bishop of Siga. The Bath Hospital, open to the poor from every part of the kingdom, whose maladies require the use of the Bath waters, is maintained by voluntary contribu- tions, and is under the direction of a president and governors, incorporated by act of parliament, who have a common seal, and are empowered to fill up vacancies in their own body. The Bath United Hospital combines the objects of the late city dispensary and casualty infirmary, and a spacious building has been erected for it near the cross bath 3 this and the West Walcot dis- pensary, and an infirmary in Pierrepoint-street, for curing diseases of the eye, are also supported by sub- scription. There are three societies for the relief of women during childbirth 3 an asylum for the support of young females, and for instructing them in household work 3 a house of protection for orphans and destitute females 3 an establishment for aged, and an asylum for young, females 3 a penitentiary 3 and charitable insti- tutions of various kinds, adapted to the wants of the distressed poor, and to the mitigation of almost every species of calamity, all of which are liberally supported and Judiciously regulated. St. John's Hospital, for the maintenance of six aged men and six women, was founded in the reign of Henry II. by Reginald Fitz- Jocelyn, who endowed it with lands then producing £22 per annum 3 attached is a neat chapel, in which the master, who must be a clergyman of the Established Church, officiates daily. Partis' College, a capacious range of building, occupying three sides of a quadrangle, on the upper road to Bristol, and comprising a chapel and separate dwellings for 30 decayed gentlewomen, ten of whom must be either the widows or daughters of clergymen, was founded and endowed by Mrs. Partis, in fulfilment of the intention of her husband, Fletcher Partis, Esq., who died before it was carried into effect. The poor law union of Bath comprises 24 parishes and places, and contains a population of 69,232. The REMAINS OF ANTiauiTY, found at different times in the city, are of British, Roman, and Saxon origin, and clearly demonstrate the fact of its having been severally occupied by those people. Among the British antiqui- ties are celts, or stone hatchets, hand millstones, boars’ teeth, and amber beads, discovered in their burial-places 3 also a small silver coin, having on the obverse a rude head in profile, and on the reverse a star, or wheel. Among the Roman 'were found, in 1753, a pedestal with a Latin inscription; in 1755, parts of the Roman baths, and several of the large tubulated bricks, which con- veyed the heat to the sudatoria; and in 1790 a votive altar, fragments of fluted Corinthian columns, basso- relievos, and other relics of the temple of Minerva, besides numerous coins of the emperors Nero, Trajan, Adrian, Antonine, Gallienus, Claudius Gothicus, Max- entius, and Constantine, with some of' Carausius, who assumed the Roman purple in Britain. On digging the BATH BATH foundation of the new bridge over the Avon to Walcot, the remains of an old ford were observable, and a leaden vessel was found, containing some' hundreds of denarii^ and several small brass coins from the time of the Em- peror Valens to that of Eugenius : for the reception of these a room was appropriated by the corporation, in which they are deposited, with a due regard to classifi- cation. The Saxon remains, exclusively of coins, coffins, &c., consist of what is still visible in the city walls, erected by them on the Roman foundation, in which are inserted fragments of the ruined temple, pieces of sculp- ture, and parts of triumphal arches, intermixed with the original materials. In a stone coffin was also discovered a small copper box, in the form of a rouleau, divided into two parts, the upper part being covered by a slide, probably intended for perfume, and the lower part filled with small silver coins resembling the early Saxon scattce, John Hales, called the ever memorable,” was a native of the city, and received the rudiments of his education in the grammar school. Benjamin Robins, a celebrated mathematician, and the writer of the account of Commodore Anson’s voyage round the world, was also born here, in I7O7. And closely connected with Bath for several years, though not a native, was Ralph Allen, Esq., of Prior Park, an elegant mansion, one mile south of the city, which was in his time the resort of several of the wits and literati of the age : this gentle- man, supposed to be the original of Fielding’s Allworthy, in his novel of Tom Jones, died in 1764, and was interred at Claverton, where a handsome monument has been erected to his memory. Bath gives the title of Marquess to the family of Thyime, of Longleat House. BATHAMPTON {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Bath, hundred or liberty of Hampton and Claverton, though locally in the hundred of Bath- Forum, E. division of Somerset, if mile (N. E. by E.) from Bath j containing 355 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, consolidated wdth that of Bath- Ford, and valued in the king’s books at £7. 17. 1. 3 impropriator of Bathampton, Robert Fisher, Esq. BATHEALTON, or Badialton {St. Bartholo- mew), a parish, in the union of Wellington, hundred of Milverton, W. division of Somerset, 3 miles (S.) from Wiveliscombe 5 containing 135 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 860 acres, of which the soil is fertile, and the lands are in fine cultivation 5 stone of good quality for building is quarried to a considerable extent. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 2. 6., and in the patronage of the Rev. Edward Webber : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £195, and the glebe comprises 45 acres, with a house. The church was erected in 1572. A parochial school is supported by T. H. King, Esq., and the rector. A mile westw^ard is a circular intrenchment, called Castles, within the area of which some Roman coins have been discovered. BATH- EASTON {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Bath, hundred of Bath-Forum, E. divi- sion of Somerset, 3 miles (N. E.) from Bath 5 contain- ing, with a portion of the liberty of Easton and Amrill, 2191 inhabitants. The parish comprises by computation 1600 acres 5 the village, divided into Upper and Lower, is situated near the Great Western railway, and on the London road, in a pleasant valley, bounded by lofty hills on the west, north, and east, and by the Lower VoL. I. — 169 Avon on the south. On the western side is Salisbury hill, on the summit of which are vestiges of an intrench- ment, nearly circular, supposed to have been constructed by the Saxons, when they besieged Bath, in 577 : some antiquaries are of opinion that this hill was anciently crowned by a temple, erected by Bladud, in honour of Apollo. The rough building- stone called oolite is found here. The living is a discharged vicarage, with the perpe- tual curacy of St. Catherine annexed, valued in the king’s books at £9. 6. 5., and in the gift of the Dean and Canons of Christ-Church, Oxford : the tithes have been commu- ted for a rent- charge of £510, of which £210 are payable to the Dean and Canons, and £300 to the incumbent, who has also a glebe of 3 acres. The church is in the later English style, with a square tower 100 feet high, and was enlarged in 1834 by the addition of an aisle. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans 3 and in 1818 a national school was built, by the late learned and estimable vicar, the Rev. J. J. Conybeare, which has been enlarged, partly at the expense of the present in- cumbent, the Rev. Spencer Madan. The Roman Fosse- way passes through the parish. At a villa here, resided Sir John Miller, whose lady established a literary festi- val for the recitation of prize poems, which were pub- lished, under the title of “ Poetical Amusements she died in 178I. BATH- FORD {St. S within), a parish, in the union of Bath, hundred of Bath-Forum, E. division of So- merset, 3 ^ miles (E. N. E.) from Bath ; containing 1099 inhabitants. The village is situated in a picturesque neighbourhood, on the banks of the Avon, which was anciently crossed by a ford 3 and the Great Western railway passes through the parish. The manufacture of paper affords employment to more than forty persons. The living is a discharged vicarage, with that of Bath- ampton consolidated, valued in the king’s books at £8. 18. ; patrons. Dean and Chapter of Bristol ; impro- priator of Bath-Ford, John Wiltshire, Esq. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £114, and the vicarial for one of £1603 there are 12 acres of glebe. Here are vestiges of a Roman camp, and a tumu- lus 3 and, in 169L ^ Roman hypocaust, with a Mosaic pavement, altar, urns containing coins, and other ancient relics, were discovered. BATH LEY, a township, in the parish of North Muskham, union of Southwell, N. division of the wapentake of Thurgarton, S. division of the county of Nottingham, 4 miles (N. N. W.) from Newark 3 con- taining 252 inhabitants. BATHWICK, a parish, in the union of Bath, hun- dred of Bath-Forum, E. division of S0MERSET3 con- taining 4973 inhabitants. This elegant suburb to the city of Bath, from which it is separated by the river Avon, at the beginning of the last century consisted only of a few scattered houses unpleasantly situated on an extensive marsh, frequently inundated by the river. From the discovery here of a large portion of those in- teresting relics which are deposited in the museum at Bath, this place appears to have formed, at a remote period of antiquity, no inconsiderable part of that city, and to have retained its importance during the succes- sive occupation of Bath by the Britons, Romans, and Saxons. Within the last ten years, it has greatly in- creased in extent and population, and now contains some of the most elegant ranges of building which adorn that Z B A T I. B AT T city; it is connected with Bath by handsome bridges over the Avon. The Kennet and Avon canal, in its course through Sydney-gardens, has been made available to the introduction of a pleasing variety into the grounds ; and two elegant iron bridges, which have been erected over it, form an interesting feature in the scenery of the place. There is a manufactory for broad cloth in the parish ; and, in addition to the Kennet and Avon canal, the Somersetshire coal canal passes through it. The living comprises a consolidated rectory and vicarage, with the rectory of Wolley annexed ; the rectory valued in the king’s books at £3. 6. 8., and the vicarage, at £8. 3. 4. ; patron, Duke of Cleveland ; the tithes of Bathwick have been commuted for a rent-charge of £105, and there are five acres of glebe. The church, which was erected in 1820, is a handsome and spacious structure, in the deco- rated English style, with a beautiful altar-piece, painted and presented by Mr. B. Barker. BATLEY {All Saints) y a parish, in the union of Dewsbury, partly in the Lower division of the wapen- take of Agbrigg, and partly in the wapentake of Mor- LEY, W. riding of York ; containing 14,278 inhabit- ants, of whom 7076 are in the township of Batley, 2 miles (N.) from Dewsbury. This place is of great antiquity, its name signifying in Saxon the Field of Batt or Batta ,• it is noticed in Domesday survey as having a church, which was subsequently granted in the reign of Henry I. to the Canons of St. Oswald in Nostal priory. The manor was for eighteen generations held by the Copley family, and subsequently became the property of the Earl of Wilton, its present lord, and chief proprietor of the town. The parish comprises 6390 acres, of which 2140 are in the township of Batley, 2590 in that of Morley, 1120 in that of Gildersome, and 540 in that of Churwell; the two former are in the x\gbrigg division, and the two latter in that of Morley. The soil is fertile, and the substratum abounds with coal and freestone of good quality ; the population is partly agricultural, but mostly employed in the manufacture of woollen-cloths, blankets, pilot-cloth, carpets, coverlets, and flushings. The village is pleasantly situated on the Dewsbury and Gomersal road, in a valley watered by a small rivulet, and is very extensive. A court of requests for the re- covery of small debts was established in 1839, when a building was erected for the purpose in the Eliza- bethan style ; the court is held monthly, and takes cog- nizance of debts of the amount of £7. 10. Batley is also within the honour of Pontefract, in which are held courts for the recovery of debts not exceeding £15. The LIVING is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at£l6. 11. 8. ; net income, £200 ; patrons, alternately, the Earls of Cardigan and Wilton. The tithes for the township of Batley were commuted for land in 1803. The church, which was rebuilt in the reign of Henry VI., is a handsome structure in the later English style, with a square machicolated tower : on the north of the chancel is the chapel belonging to Howley Hall, the seat of Lord Saville in the reigns of James I. and Charles I., to whom he was councillor of state, in which is a long brass plate inscription to his memory. A district church was erected at Gildersome by subscrip- tion about 80 years ago, and another at Morley about 10 years since, by a grant from the Church Building Society ; both are in the early English style. There are places of worship for Baptists, Independents, Me- 170 thodists of the New Connexion, and Wesleyans. A free grammar school was founded by the Rev. William Lee, who, in 1612, endowed it with a house and garden for the master, and with lands now producing an income of £133. 13., of which the master has a salary of £120 for instructing 60 scholars ; the school-house was rebuilt in 1818, with funds derived from the sale of coal under the lands. A school for girls was founded by subscription in 1787? and is supported partly by the interest of £200 out on security, which is paid to a mistress, who has also a house and garden. Both schools are under the superintendence of 12 trustees, of whom the vicar for the time being is one. Joshua Scolefield, in 1806, be- queathed the interest of £60 for the instruction of chil- dren, and £40 for the support of a Sunday school. BATLEY CARR, an ecclesiastical district, in the parish and union of Dewsbury, wapentake of Morley, W. riding of York, 1 mile (N.) from Dewsbury ; con- taining 2144 inhabitants. This place, which is situated in a pleasant valley on the Bradford road, forms a sub- urb of Dewsbury, part of which township is included within its district, and is inhabited chiefly by persons employed in the manufacture of woollen-cloths, pilot- coatings, and druggets, for which Joshua Ellis, Esq., has an extensive establishment. The church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, was erected in 1841, at an expense of £2000, raised by subscription, aided by grants of £300 by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, £350 by the Ripon Diocesan Society, and £300 by the Incorporated Society, and by a contribution of £200 by Joshua Ellis, Esq., of Highfield ; Mr. Ellis also subscribed £500 towards its endowment, and Mrs. Ellis presented a rich and massive service of communion plate ; the church, which was consecrated on the 5th of Oct. 1841, is a handsome structure in the later English style, with a square em- battled tower, crowned with pinnacles, and contains 630 sittings, of which 296 are free. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £150 ; patron. Vicar of Dewsbury. BATSFORD {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Shipston-on-Stour, Upper division of the hundred of Kiftsgate, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 2 miles (N. W.) from Moreton-in-the-Marsh ; containing 79 inhabitants, and comprising 922a. Ir. 27p. The rail- road from Stratford-on-Avon to Moreton terminates here. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 3. 9., and in the patronage of the Dean and Canons of Christ-Church, Oxford : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £255, and the glebe consists of 96 acres. The church was rebuilt and en- larged in 1822, at the expense of Lord Redesdale, who has a handsome seat here, and whose relative, Lord Chancellor Freeman, was buried in the church in 1710, where is a handsome monument to his memorv, BATTERSBY, a township, in the parish of Ingleby- Greenhow, W. division of the liberty of Langbaurgh, N. riding of York, 5^ miles (E. by S ) from Stokesley ; containing 93 inhabitants. This was an ancient demesne of the crown, and according to the Domesdaj'' survey was called Badresbi ; it was afterwards the property of the Balliols, and at an early period came to the Percy s, with whom it continued till the time of Elizabeth, after which the estate passed to the Eures and the family of Foulis. The township lies near the road between Whitby and Stokesley, through Kildale, and forms part of the district named Cleveland. B A T T B A T T BATTERSEA (St. Mary), a parish; in the nnion of Wandsworth and Clapham, partly in the E., but chiefly in the W., division of the hundred of Brixton, E. division of Surrey, 3 miles (S.) from London ^ con- taining, with the hamlet of Penge {winch see) 6887 inha- bitants. This place, in Domesday book called Patricesey or Peters-ey, was so named from having anciently be- longed to the abbey of St. Peter, at Westminster : it was formerly of much greater extent than it is at present. The family of St. John had a venerable mansion here, of which there are still some remains j and it was the favourite resort of Pope, who, when visiting his friend Lord Bolingbroke, usually selected as his study, in which he is said to have composed some of his celebrated works, a parlour wainscoted with cedar, overlooking the Thames. The parish comprises 2108a. 2r. 39p-, and the village is pleasantly situated on the southern bank of the river, over which there is a wooden bridge, connect- ing it with Chelsea. The neighbourhood has long been celebrated for the production of vegetables for the Lon- don market, especially asparagus, which was first culti- vated here. There are several manufactories, including chymieal- works, large cement- works, a brewery, malt- house, lime and whitening manufactories, a silk factory, a pottery for crucibles, and Brunei’s machinery for sawing veneers and along the banks of the Thames are some coal- wharfs 3 the manufacture of kid gloves is also carried on very extensively. The London and South- ampton railway has its commencement at Nine- Elms, in the parish, the offices at which station, fronting the road, exhibit a neat elevation and arcade, nearly commensurate with the principal entrance in the centre, and contain all the necessary apartments. Immediately behind is the passengers’ shed, extending nearly 300 feet, with four lines of w^ay, and resting on two lines of iron columns twelve feet high 3 other lines of way lead to the carriage, horse, and locomotive departments, which were unfortu- nately injured by an accidental fire recently, to the extent of £40,000. The county magistrates hold a meet- ing at Wandsworth, an adjoining parish, where also a court of requests, for the recovery of debts under £5, is held, the jurisdiction of which includes this place. The lord of the manor likewise holds a court leet at Wands- worth, at which a head-borough and constables for Bat- tersea are appointed. The LIVING is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13. 15. 2^.3 net income, £9823 patron and im- propriator, Earl Spencer. The church, which was hand- somely rebuilt of brick, in 1777, has a tower surmounted by a small spire, and, standing on the margin of the river, forms an interesting object viewed from the water : the window over the altar is decorated with portraits of Henry VII., his grandmother, Margaret Beauchamp, and Queen Elizabeth, in stained glass 3 and the interior contains some interesting sepulchral monuments, among which are, one by Roubilliac, to the memory of Viscount Bolingbroke and his lady, and one to the memory of Edward Winter, an officer in the service of the East India Company, on which is recorded an account of his having, singly and unarmed, killed a tiger, and on foot defeated sixty Moors on horseback. Collins, author of the Peerage and Baronetage of England 3 his grandson, David Collins, Lieutenant-Governor of New South Wales, and author of a History of the English Settlement there 3 and William Curtis, a distinguished botanical writer^ 171 were buried here. A chapel of ease in Battersea Fields,^ a neat building in the later style of English architecture, was erected in 1829, partly by a subscription of £2277 among the parishioners, partly by a rate amounting to £1327, and partly by a grant from the Parliamentary Commissioners 5 the minister is appointed by the vicar, and derives his, stipend from a subscription fund of £1450, and from the pew-rents. In the hamlet of Penge, a small chapel capable of accommodating about 200 persons, was built by subscription, in 1838 3 and there are places of worship for Baptists and Wesleyans. A school for the instruction of twenty boys, to which a national school has been united, was founded and en- dowed by Sir Walter St. John, in 17 00, and has an endowment of £85 per annum, arising from 30 acres of land, and an annuity of £7. I6., bequeathed a few years since. There are also, in Battersea Fields, a girls’ and an infants’ school, supported by subscription. Sir Walter and Lady St. John left £300, directing the in- terest to be applied in apprenticing boys or girls 3 and there are several charitable bequests, the principal of which is one by John Parvin, who left £2000 four per cent, bank annuities. The workhouse for the union is pleasantly situated on St. John’s Hill, in the parish, and was built in 1838, at an expense of about £16,000. BATTISFORD {St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Bosmere and Claydon, E. division of Suffolk, 3 miles (W. S. W.) from Needham -Market 3 containing 520 inhabitants, and comprising 1544a. 3r. 2p. The framework of the late Royal Exchange, London, erected by Sir Thomas Gresham, was made here. Sir Thomas residing in the adjoining parish of Kingshall, and having considerable property in this. The living is a discharged vicarage, endowed with the rectorial tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £8. 0. 7^- ; patron and incumbent. Rev. Edward Paske, whose tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £400. The church is chiefly in the decorated English style, and consists of a nave and chancel 3 the interior was thoroughly repaired in 1841. Here was anciently a commandery of the Knights Hospitallers, the revenue of which, at the dis- solution, was £53. 10. BATTLE, or Battel {St. Mary), a market-town, parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Bat- tle, rape of Hastings, E. division of Sussex, 7 miles (N. W.) from Hastings, 63 (E. by N.) from Chichester, and 56 (S. E.) from London 3 containing 2999 inhabit- ants. This place, previously called Epit&n, derives its present name from the memorable battle fought here, October 14th, 1066, between Harold, King of England, and William, Duke of Normandy. Though generally called the battle of Hastings, it took place at this town, where, in fulfilment of a vow, the Conqueror founded a magnificent abbey for monks of the Benedictine order, in which were preserved, until its suppression, the sword and royal robe worn by him on the day of his coronation, and the celebrated roll on which the names of the warriors who accompanied him to England were inscribed : he conferred on it the privilege of sanctuary, raised it to the dignity of a mitred abbey, and invested its abbots with the power of saving a criminal from ex- ecution, if accidentally passing at the time : at the dis^ solution its revenue was £937. 0. 10|. The parish is situated in a beautiful valley, bounded on the west, south, and south-east by wood-crowned eminences 3 and Z 2 B A T T B A T T the TOWN, which is built on rising ground, consists chiefly of one irregular line of houses forming three several streets, well lighted with gas, and amply supplied with water. The manufacture of fine gunpowder, esta- blished at a very early period, and for which the town has attained the highest celebrity, is carried on to a very great extent 3 and there is a large tannery. The market, granted by Henry I. on Thursday, has fallen into disuse, but a corn market is held on the second Tuesday in every month. The fairs are on Whit-Mon- day and Nov. 2^2nd, and two following days j and a large sheep fair is held on the 6th of Sept. 3 a great number of horned- cattle are sent from this part of the country to the London market. The town is within the jurisdiction of the county magistrates, who hold petty- sessions here for the district on the second Tuesday in the month ; but this being a franchise, the inhabitants are exempt from serving on juries at the assizes and sessions for the county. A coroner and other officers are appointed at the court leet of the lord of the manor. Here is a house of correction, appropriated for the re- ception of persons apprehended in the Battle district of the county, and of others summarily convicted by the magistrates, whose terms of imprisonment do not exceed one month. The LIVING is a vicarage, and an exempt deanery, still retaining the exercise of its jurisdiction, and valued in the king’s books at £24. 13. 4. 3 net income, £396 3 patron and impropriator, Sir Godfrey V. Webster, Bart. The church is a spacious structure, partly Norman, and partly in the early and later English styles, with a square embattled tower, and contains some ancient brasses, and a fine altar-tomb to Sir Henry Browne. There are places of worship for Baptists, Wesley ans, and Unitarians. In 179L Mrs. Elizabeth Langton bequeathed £1500 for the instruction of fifteen boys and fifteen girls, and £200 for purchasing books, from the interest on which sums a master and mistress are allowed £60 per annum ,• and a national school for girls, and an infants’ school, for which appropriate buildings were erected in 1840, are supported by subscription. The poor law union of Bat- tle comprises fourteen parishes and places, under the care of eighteen guardians, and contains a population of 12,034 inhabitants. Of the ancient abbey there are still considerable remains 3 the gatewajL a beautiful specimen of the decorated English style, is in entire preservation, and many parts of the conventual buildings have been retained in the present magnificent mansion of Battle Abbey. Southward of the grounds is a place called Tellman Hill, where William is reported to have mus- tered his army the evening before the battle 3 and to the north is another, named Callback Hill, from which it is said he recalled his troops from pursuing the vanquished enemy. The Rev. Edmond Cartwright, D.D., a cele- brated writer, but better known as the inventor of the power-loom, was buried here. BATTLEBURN, a hamlet, in the parish of Kirk- burn, union of Driffield, Bainton-Beacon division of the wapentake of Harthill, E. riding of York, 3| miles (W. S. W.) from Great Driffield 3 containing 14 in- habitants. It comprises, with Eastburn, one large farm, the property of Lord Hotham and Alexander Bosville, Esq. BATTLEFIELD {St. Mary Magdalene), a parish, in the union of Atcham, liberties of Shrewsbury, N. 172 division of Salop, 3 miles (N. N. E.) from Shrewsbury; containing 64 inhabitants. This place derives its name from a sanguinary battle fought here on the 22nd of July, 1403, between Henry IV. and the rebels under Percy, Earl of Northumberland, in which nearly 2300 gentlemen (among whom was Lord Henry Percy, the valiant Hotspur), and about 600 private soldiers, were slain. The king, in grateful commemoration of the victory, immediately founded on the spot a college for Secular clerks, the revenue of which, at the dissolution, was £54. 10. 4. The parish comprises by computation 700 acres, and is situated on the road from Shrewsbury to Whitchurch and Drayton. A fair for horned-cattle and sheep is held on the 2nd of August. The living is a perpetual curacy, with a net income of £240, derived from land 3 it is in the patronage of Mrs. Corbet, to whom also the impropriation belongs. The church, built upon the spot on which the battle of Shrewsbury was fought, suffered much in the time of the common- wealth, but would, if restored, be a beautiful specimen of the perpendicular style. A parochial school is sup- ported by subscription. BATTLESDEN {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Woburn, hundred of Manshead, county of Bed- ford, 3 miles (S. S. E.) from W^oburn, on the road from Dunstable to Fenny-Stratford 3 containing 179 inhabit- ants. The manor was, in I706, purchased by Allen Bathurst, Esq., a distinguished political character during the reigns of Anne and George I., of whom the former created him a baron, of Battlesden, which was for some years his country seat, and the resort of the most celebrated wits of the time, until it passed to another family. The living is a rectory, with that of Potsgrove annexed, valued in the king’s books at £12. 9- 7.3 net income, £306 ; patron. Sir G. P. Turner, Bart. BATTRAMSLEY, a tything, in the parish of Bol- DRE, union of Lymington, E. division of the hundred of New Forest, Lymington and S. divisions of the county of Southampton ; containing 302 inhabitants. BATTYEFORD, a hamlet, in the parish of Mir- field, union of Dewsbury, Lower division of the wapentake of Agbrigg, W. riding of York. This place is situated on the river Calder, near the western ex- tremity of the parish, and on the road between Dews- bury and Elland ; the surface of the land is undulated, the soil good, producing earlier crops than the neighbour- ing districts, and the scenery rich and beautiful. There are several small coal-mines, which afford employment to a portion of the population, but the inhabitants are chiefly engaged in the woollen manufacture, and in making cards for the machinery in the cotton and woollen mills, which latter branch of industry is carried on to a considerable extent. The Calder and Hebble navigation, and the Manchester and Leeds railway pass in the vicinity. Field-Head House, the handsome seat of Frank Wormald, Esq., Terrace Cottage, that of Samuel Wood Haigh, Esq., and West House, the resi- dence of Mrs. Jonas Brook, are situated here. A district church was erected in 1840, on a site given by Benja- min Wilson, Esq., of Bank House, at an expense of £1778, of which £700 were granted by the Incorporated Society, and the remainder subscribed by the land- owners and parishioners : it is a handsome structure in the early English style, with a square tower, and con- tains 700 sittings, of which 350 are free, and was conse- B A VE B A W B crated and dedicated to Christ, 28th of October, 1840 : the living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Vicar, and was augmented, in 1841, with £114 by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. A national school was built in 1841, on a site also given by Mr. Wilson, at a cost of £540, raised by subscription, aided by a grant of £175 from the Education Committee, and £85 from the National Society j it is capable of receiving 400 children, and is also used as a Sunday school. BAUGHURST, a parish, in the union of Kings- CLERE, forming a detached portion of the hundred of Evingar, Kingsclere and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 7 miles (N. W. by N.) from Basingstoke containing 528 inhabitants. It comprises l675a. 15p., and is intersected by a turnpike-road from Basingstoke to Aldermaston, Newbury, &c. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 12. 1., and in the gift of the Bishop of Winchester : the tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £339. 8., and there are 2 acres of glebe. BAULDOXFEE, a tything, in the parish of Eling, union of New Forest, hundred of Redbridge, Rom- sey and S. divisions of the county of Southampton •, containing 931 inhabitants. BAULKING, a chapelry, in the parish of Uffing- TON, union of Farringdon, hundred of Shrivenham, county of Berks, 3§ miles (S. E. by S.) from Great Farringdon ^ containing 193 inhabitants, and compris- ing 1442a. l7\ 13j!9. The chapel is dedicated to St. Nicholas ; the vicarial tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £l65, and the impropriate for one of £150. BAUMBER, or Bamburgh {St. Swithin), a parish, in the union of Horncastle, N. division of the wapen- take of Gartree, parts of Lindsey, county of Lin- coln, 4 miles (N. W.) from Horncastle 5 containing 371 inhabitants. This place, in Domesday book called Bade- burgh, is supposed to have taken its name from the river Bane, on which it is situated 5 it stands on the road between Horncastle and Lincoln, and contains by computation nearly 4000 acres. The manor and pa- rish formerly belonged to the Earls of Lincoln, who became Dukes of Newcastle, and the remains of whose ancient mansion may still be seen. The living is a per- petual curacy 5 net income, £37 5 patron, Duke of New- castle. BAUNTON {St. Christopher), a parish, in the union of Cirencester, hundred of Crowthorne and Minety, E. division of the county of Gloucester, l|- mile (N. by E.) from Cirencester 3 containing 187 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of Miss Masters, to whom also the impropria- tion belongs ; net income, £67. The Roman Fosse- way passes along the eastern border of the parish. BAY ANT, NORTON.— See Norton-Bavant. BAVERSTOCK {St. Edith), a parish, in the union of Wilton, hundred of Cawden and Cadworth, Hindon and S. divisions of Wilts, 8 miles (W.) from Salisbury 3 containing, with the hamlet of Hurdcott, 194 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated near the road from Salisbury to Hindon, and on the river Nadder, comprises 11 68 acres by measurement 3 the soil is fertile, and chalk, clay, and green sandstone are found in abundance, the last containing numerous fos- sils. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 10. 2^., and in the gift of Exeter College, 173 Oxford : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £295, and the glebe consists of 52 acres. The church was repewed a few years since, and otherwise underwent considerable repair ; and on the occasion of re-opening it, in July 1834, the foundation stone of a parochial school, adjoining it, was laid by the Bishop of Bath and Wells. There is a spring called Merry well, the water of which is efficacious in curing diseases of the eye. BAVINGTON, GREAT, a township, in the parish of Kirk-Whelpington, union of Bellingham, N. E. division of Tin dale ward, S. division of Northumber- land, 14 miles (N. N. E.) from Hexham 3 containing 69 inhabitants. This place has been possessed by various families, including the Umfravilles, Strothers, Swin- burnes, Shaftos, Ogles, and Harles 3 and is now the property of several persons. The lofty hills of basalt, which form a marked and peculiar feature of this town- ship, are part of a vast bed, which may be traced from Cumberland, by Glenwhelt and the Roman wall, to Little Swinburn, where it divides into two branches : the western sides of the hills are very precipitous 3 and the soil, except of that portion called the Plashetts, is for the principal part dry, rich, and mostly in grass 3 on the whinstone hills it is thin, and apt to burn in droughty summers. A lead-mine was opened here some years since, but the speculation failed. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £25. 19. 7., and the vicarial for £35. 10. 7. There is a place of worship for Scottish Presbyterians. BAVINGTON, LITTLE, a township, in the parish of Thockrington, union of Bellingham, N. E. divi- sion of Tindale ward, S. division of Northumber- land, 12 miles (N. N. E.) from Hexham 3 containing 91 inhabitants. This place is on the road from Alnwick to Hexham, and has been the seat of the Shaftos since the reign of Edward I, Bavington Hall, the residence of the present representative of that family, is a handsome mansion surrounded with fine plantations. At a school, established in 1829, fifteen children are paid for by Mr. Shafto. The Erringburn has its source in the township. BAWBURGH, or Babur {St. Mary and St. Wal- ST an), a parish, in the union and hundred of Fore hoe, E. division of Norfolk, 5 miles (N. W.) from Norwich 3 containing 404 inhabitants. This place is distin- guished as the birthplace of St. Walstan 3 he lived at Taverham, where he died in 1016, and his remains were removed hither, and enshrined in a chapel in the parish church. The resort of pilgrims to visit his shrine greatly enriched the vicar and officiating priests, who, in 1309, rebuilt the church 3 but the chapel in which the remr'ns of the saint were deposited was de- molished in the reign of Henry VIII., though the walls are still a little above the surface of the ground. The road from Norwich to Walton, and the river Yare run through the parish. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13. I7. 6.3 net income, £1003 patrons and appropriators, the Dean and Chapter of Norwich. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £227, and there are 93 acres of appro- priate glebe. The church is in the early English and perpendicular styles 3 the nave is separated from the chancel by the remains of a beautifully carved screen. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans 3 and a school is supported by J. J. Gurney, Esq. B A W T BA YD BAWDESWELL (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Mitford and Latjnditch, hundred of Eyns- FORD, E. division of Norfolk, 4 miles (W. by S.) from Reepham 5 containing 582 inhabitants. The road from Norwich to Eakenham runs through the village. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7 ; net income, £208 ; patron, E. Lombe, Esq. The church is in the later English st}de, with a square brick tower, built at the west end of the chancel in 1740. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. John Leeds, in 1730, bequeathed a house and 16 acres of land, now let for about £20 per annum, to provide instruction for 12 boys of Bawdeswell, and 8 of Eoxley 5 and at the inclosure in 1808, two acres of land were allotted as gravel, and 35 acres for fuel to the poor. BAWDRIP (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Bridgwater, hundred of North Petherton, W. division of Somerset, miles (N. E. by E.) from Bridgwater 5 containing 425 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £15. 19. 7-? and in the gift of Edward Page, Esq. ; the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £340, and the glebe con- sists of 3 85 acres. BAWDSEY (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of WooDBRiDGE, hundred of Wilford, E. division of Suffolk, 8| miles (S. E. by S.) from Woodbridge; containing 468 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the coast of the North Sea 5 and at the mouth of the river Deben is a haven, which affords convenient anchor- age for small vessels. In the 11th of Edward I. per- mission was obtained for a market to be held on Friday, but it has long been discontinued 5 there is, however, a fair on September 8th. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 4., and in the patronage of the Crown 3 net income, £170 j impropriators. Executors of the late John Wilson Shep- hard, Esq. The old church, which had a large and lofty steeple, useful as a sea-mark, was accidentally burnt to the ground on November 5th, 1841. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BAWSEY (-St. James), a parish, in the union and hundred of Freebridge-Lynn, W. division of Nor- folk, 3 miles (E. by N.) from Lynn 5 containing 28 in- habitants. It comprises 1034a. Ir. Sp., of which 342 acres are arable, 262 pasture and meadow, 417 heath and warren, and If woodland. From the heath great quantities of gray sand is obtained, and sent to the glass-houses in various parts of the kingdom. The living is a discharged sinecure rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4, and in the gift of A. Hammond, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £90, and there is about an acre of glebe 3 but the church is in ruins. BAWTRY, a market-town and chapelry, in the parish of Blyth, union of Doncaster, S. division of the wapentake of Strafforth and Tickhill, W. riding of York, 45 miles (S. by E.) from York, and 153^ (N. by W.) from London, on the great north road 3 containing 1083 inhabitants, of whom 741 are in the east, and 342 in the west district. This town is situated on the river Idle, which separates the counties of York and Nottingham, and near the Roman road leading from Agelocum, Littleborough, to Damnum, Don- caster. It comprises three streets, the principal of which is very spacious, and contains many handsome and well- 174 built houses 5 it is partly paved, and lighted with gas, and amply supplied with water from springs and from the river, over which a neat substantial stone bridge was erected in 1811, at an expense of £4000. The trade, which has greatly declined since the construction of the Chesterfield canal, and the erection of a bridge over the Trent at Gainsborough, arises chiefly from the inland navigation, and consists in supplying London, Hull, and other places with corn, oak-timber, and stone, of which last, that called the Roche Abbey stone is much esteemed by statuaries and architects. The river is navigable for craft of from twelve to twenty-four tons’ burthen, by which means the town is furnished with coal, grocery, &c. The market is on Thursday 3 and fairs for horses, horned-cattle, and sheep are held on the Thursday in Whitsun-week, and Old Martinmas-day. Constables and other officers are appointed at the court leet of the lord of the manor. Bawtry Hall, formerly the residence of the Dowager Lady Galway, is situated at the southern extremity of the town, in the midst of extensive and beautiful pleasure-grounds. The chapel, dedicated to St. Nicholas, was erected in the reign of Henry II., and repaired in I686, and the tower, which is strengthened by buttresses, and crowned with pinna- cles, was added in 1712 3 it was repewed and repaired in 1839, by subscription, at a cost of £700, of which £50 were contributed by Trinity College, Cambridge, and £50 by the Church Building Society. Magdalen chapel at Bawtry hospital has been rebuilt at a cost of £600 by H. M. Greaves, Esq., by whom also the officiating clergyman is paid. There are places of worship for Independents and Wesleyans 3 and a small schoolroom has been built by subscription on the waste land ad- joining the town, and is called the Bawtry free school.” At Scrooby, one mile distant, was a palace belonging to the Archbishops of York, in which Cardinal Wolsey resided, and afterwards Archbishop Sandys, whose daughter is interred in the chancel of the chapel; the remains have been converted into a farm-house. BAXBY, a hamlet, in the township of Thornton, parish of Coxwold, union of Easingwould, wapentake of Birdforth, N. riding of York 3 containing 28 inhabitants. BAXTERLEY, a parish, in the union of Ather- stone, Atherstone division of the hundred of Hem- LiNGFORD, N. division of the county of Warwick, 4 miles (W. by S.) from Atherstone 3 containing 228 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated in a seques- tered part of the county, near the Derby Junction railway, comprises by computation 825 acres of fertile land, of which about 25 are common and wood : lime- stone is found, but not worked. The living is a ' discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5, and in the alternate patronage of the Crown and Dr. Johnstone : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £182, and the glebe consists of 46 acres. The church is a very ancient structure, of which the tower was rebuilt in I6O7 by Hugo Glover, brother to Mrs. Lewis who was burnt at Coventry for her adher- ence to the Protestant faith, during the Popish persecu- tion in the reign of Mary, and who was interred in the church. A school is supported by the rector. BAYDON (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Hungerford, hundred of Ramsbury, Marlborough and Ramsbury, and N. divisions of Wilts, if mile BAYS B E A C (N. E.) from Aldbourn ^ containing 335 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the road from Ciren- cester to Newbury, comprises by measurement '2350 acres, of fertile land j the village stands on an eminence on the high road, commanding extensive and finely varied prospects over the surrounding country. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £1103 patron, and impropriator, A. Meyrick, Esq. : at the inclosure, in 1779, land was apportioned in lieu of tithes. The church is an ancient and very handsome edifice, con- taining some Norman details. There are places of worship for Wesleyans and Baptists. The celebrated Sir Isaac Newton had a residence, with a small estate, in the parish. BAYFIELD {St. Margaret), a parish, in the union of Erpingham, hundred of Holt, W. division of Norfolk, miles (N. W.) from Holt 5 containing 21 inhabitants. It is pleasantly situated in the deep and Well-wooded vale of the Glaven, and comprises 780a. Ir. ^6p., of which 682 acres are arable, 76 pasture and meadow, and 41 woodland 5 the surface is undulated, and the views from the higher grounds are very fine. The living is a discharged sinecure rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4, and in the patronage of Mrs. J. E. Best : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £168. 6. The church, which is mantled with ivy, has long been in ruins. BAYFORD {St. Mary), a parish, in the union, hundred, and county of Hertford, 3 miles (S. S. W.) from Hertford 3 containing 357 inhabitants. It com- prises by admeasurement 1612 acres of land, of which the soil is clay. The living is annexed to the rectory of Essendon : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £282. The church is a neat brick edifice, rebuilt by subscription in 1804, and containing an ancient octangular font ornamented with quatrefoils and roses. A national school was built in 1833. BAYFORD, a hamlet, in the parish of Stoke- Trister, union of Wincanton, hundred of Norton- Ferris, E. division of Somerset, mile (E. N. E.) from Wincanton 5 containing 222 inhabitants. BAYHAM, a hamlet, in the parish of Frant, union of Ticehurst, hundred of Rotherfield, rape of Pevensey, E. division of Sussex, 2^ miles (W.) from Lamberhurst. Here are some remains of a monastery of Praemonstratensian canons, which is described in the article on Frant. Bayham gives the title of Viscount to the Marquess of Camden, who has a seat here. BAYLHAM {St. Peter), a parish, in the union and hundred of Bosmere and Claydon, E. division of Suffolk, 3 miles (S. by E.) from Needham-Market 5 containing 275 inhabitants. The river Orwell and the Stow-Market, and Ipswich canal bound this parish, which comprises 1332ct. 3r. IQp., and is intersected by the road from Colchester to Stow-Market. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 4. and in the gift of the Rev. J. C. Aldrich: the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £300, and the glebe consists of 39 acres. A school is principally supported by the rector and the Misses Rodwell. BAYNTON, a tything, in the parish of Edington, hundred of Whorwelsdown, Whorwelsdov^-s and N. divisions of Wilts 3 containing 33 inhabitants. BAYS WATER, a hamlet, in the parish of Pad- dington, Holborn division of the hundred of Ossul- 175 STONE, county of Middlesex, 1 mile from Cumber- land-gate, London, on the Uxbridge road. Bayswater, which may now be considered as a suburb to the metropolis, consists of several ranges of neat houses and of some handsome detached residences 3 it has been much increased by ranges of new buildings branching off from the main street towards the north and south, and is desirable as a place of residence from its vicinity to Kensington gardens,^ which are situated on the south. It is lighted with gas, and the inhabitants are supplied with water from a reservoir originally constructed for the use of Kensington palace, and subsequently granted to the proprietors of Chelsea water-works, on the condition that the supply of the palace should be regularly continued. Near the extremity of the hamlet is the principal entrance to the Hippodrome, recently established as a race-course by a proprietary holding 5000 shares of £10 each 3 the grounds comprise within the inclosure nearly 150 acres, called Victoria park, commanding from many points extensive and pleasing views of the surrounding country. Notting Hill is a continuous range of handsome buildings, between which and Shepherd’s Bush Norland-crescent has been erected. Sir John Hill, M.D., a voluminous writer, resided here many years, and cultivated the plants from which he prepared his medicines, on the spot now occupied by the proprietor of the Bayswater tea- gardens. An episcopal chapel was built by Mr. Edward Orme, in 1818. BAYTON {St. Bartholomew), a parish, in the union of Cleobury-Mortimer, Lower division of the hundred of Doddingtree, Hundred-House and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, if mile (S. E. by S.) from Cleobury-Mortimer 3 containing 468 in- habitants. This parish, bounded on the north and west by a portion of Shropshire, from which it is partly divided by the river Rea, comprises 1748a. Ir. lip., and is intersected by the road from Worcester to Cleo- bury-Mortimer. The living is a discharged vicarage, united to that of Mamble, and valued in the king’s books at £5. 0. 2j. : the tithes were some years since commuted for 180 acres of land. The church, a plain edifice, has been recently enlarged. BAY WORTH, a hamlet, in the patish of Sunning- well, hundred of Hormer, county of Berks 3 con- taining 75 inhabitants. Here was formerly a chapel of ease to the rectory of Sunningwell, but it has gone to decay. BEACHAMPTON {St. Mary), a parish, in the union, hundred, and county of Buckingham, 5| miles (N. E. by E.) from Buckingham 5 containing 248 in- habitants. It contains about 1383 acres subjjct to tithes 3 the land is in general clayey and stoney, and is intersected by the river Ouse, and situated near the Grand Junction canal, from which there is a branch canal to Buckingham. Lace-making is carried on. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14. 16. 5|., and in the gift of Caius College, Cam- bridge : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £345, and the glebe comprises 27 acres. William Elmer founded a free grammar school in 1652, and endowed it with freehold lands, now producing £60 per annum, and he also bequeathed, in addition to other benefactions, £5 per annum for apprenticing a poor boy. The remains of the fine old mansion of BEAD BEAK Lord Latimer, whose widow was married to Henry VIII., are still to be seen, with the royal arms in different parts. BEACHAMWELL. — See Beechamwell. BEACHFIELD, a township, in the parish of Wor- THEN, hundred of Chirbury, S. division of Salop ; containing 35 inhabitants. BEACHLEY, a chapelry, in the parish of Tiden- HAM, hundred of Westbury, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 3 miles (S. S. E.) from Chepstow 5 containing 2^4 inhabitants. This place is situated on a small peninsula at the mouth of the Wye, formed by the junction of that river with the Severn, over which latter is the Old Passage ferry, lately improved by the erection of stone piers and an establishment of steam-packets ; it is remarkable for its early vegetation, the salubrity of its air, and the beauty of its surround- ing scenery. The living is a perpetual curacy; net income, £16; patron, Vicar of Tidenham ; impropriator C. S. Stokes, Esq. The chapel, which is in the early English style, was consecrated on Sept. 10th, 1833, and is dedicated to St. John ; it was made a district church in 1842. A neat national school was erected in 1840, at the expense of Robert Jenkins, Esq. BEACONSFIELD {All Saints), a market-town and parish, in the union of Amersham, hundred of Burnham, county of Buckingham, 36 miles (S. E. by S.) from Buckingham, and 23j (W. by N.) from London ; containing 1732 inhabitants. This place comprises 4548a. lip., of which 3568 acres are arable and meadow land, 778 woodland, and 172 roads and waste. The town, which occupies 29 acres, is situated on a hill, and is supposed to have derived its name from a beacon formerly erected there ; it consists of four streets, which meet in a convenient market- place in the centre, and the houses are in general well built, of handsome appearance, and amply supplied with water. The environs, in which there are some handsome seats, abound with beautiful scenery, and the air is remarkably salubrious. The market is on Thursday ; and the fairs, chiefly for horses, horned- cattle, and sheep, are held on Feb. 13th, and Holy- Thursday. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £26. 2. 8^. ; net income, £545 ; patrons. Pre- sident and Fellows of Magdalene College, Oxford. The church is an ancient building of stone and flint, with a tower, and contains a mural tablet to the memory of Edmund Burke, who died at his seat called Gregories, in the parish, and was interred here : in the church- yard is a monument of white marble, to the memory of Edmund Waller, the poet, who died Oct. 21st, 1687. There is a meeting-house for Independents ; and a school is partly supported by subscription. BEADLAM, a township, in the parish and union of Helmsley, wapentake of Ryedale, N. riding of York, 3 miles (E.) from Helmsley; containing 158 inhabitants. This place, which adjoins the village of Nawton, in Kirkdale parish, is situated on the road between Helmsley and Kirkby-Moorside ; a portion of the land is moor and woodland. Lord Feversham is chief owner of the soil, and lord of the manor. BEADNELL, a chapelry, in the parish^ of Bam- brough, union of Belford, N. division of Bam- BRouGH ward and of Northumberland, 10| miles (E. S. E.) [from Belford ; containing 323 inhabitants. 176^ The surface of the land is rather level, and of the soil, which is generally good, two-thirds are arable, and the rest luxuriant pasture ; coal is abundant, and there are quarries of excellent limestone. The village is plea- santly situated on the sea-shore, having a small harbour ; and several vessels are employed in con- veying lobsters, cured herrings, and other fish to London, and lime is exported in large quantities to Scotland. Races were annually held until 1826, when they were removed to Belford. The living is a per- petual curacy, in the patronage of the Perpetual Curate of Bambrough, with a net income of £79 : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £40. 14. The church, built in 1792, is a neat stone structure with a spire, and contains 250 sittings, of which some are free. A school is conducted on the national plan, and the trustees of Lord Crewe allow the master £10 per annum, and the use of a house and garden. Here is a small castle, which formerly belonged to the family of Forster ; and close to the sea are remains of a chapel, supposed to have been a cell to Coldingham monastery, BEAFORD {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Torrington, hundred of Shebbear, Black Torrington and Shebbear, and N. divisions of Devon, 5 miles (S. E. by E."^ from Great Torrington; containing 713 in- habitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 15. ?|., and in the gift of Thomas May, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £244, and there are 64 acres of glebe. The church was damaged by lightning in 1799, but has been repaired and newly pewed. At Wooley Park are some remains of a Danish encampment. BEAGHALL, or Beal, a township, in the parish of Kellington, Lower division of the wapentake of OsGOLDCROss, W. riding of York, 4 miles (E.) from Ferry-Bridge ; containing 568 inhabitants. This place is situated on the south side of the river Aire, and on the road from Ferry-Bridge to Snaith, and comprises by computation 1570 acres, including the farm of Kel- lingley, of which the greater portion is the property of Sir Samuel Crompton, Bart. A bridge crosses the river at the village, and leads to Birkin. The impro- priate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £393, payable to Trinity College, Cambridge, and the vicarial, for one of £101. 11. 3.; and there is a glebe of 2f acres. A school, rebuilt in 1833, is endowed with £5 per annum ; and there is a place of worship for Wes- leyans. A curious Roman swivel, which was four feet under ground, has been dug up here. BEAKSBOURNE {St, Peter), a parish, in the union of Bridge, and within the cinque-port liberty of Hastings (of which it is a member), though locally in the hundred of Bridge and Petham, lathe of St. Au- gustine, E. division of Kent, 3| miles (E. S. E.) from Canterbury ; containing 332 inhabitants. This parish, on account of its distance from Hastings, had formerly a local jurisdiction, a mayor, and a prison ; but it is now united with Canterbury, the Archbishops of which once had a palace here, long since converted into a pri- vate dwelling-house. The parish comprises by measure- ment 1139 acres. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6 ; net income, arising from tithes, £170, with a permanent addition of £50 annually from the Archbishop, who is patron and appropriator. A national school is partly supported by subscription. BEAM BEAM BEAL, with Lowlin, a township, in the parish of Kyloe, union of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in Island- shire, county of Durham, though locally northward, and for parliamentary purposes connected with the N. division, of Northumberland 3 adjoining Berwick, and containing 180 inhabitants. BEALINGS, GREAT (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Woodbridge, hundred of Carlford, E. division of Suffolk, 2 miles (W.) from Woodbridge 3 containing 377 inhabitants. It comprises 965 acres of land, of which the surface is hilly, and the soil light, and subject to inundation from a confluence of small streams, which run into the river Deben at Woodbridge, and thence into the sea. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 4. 7*^ and in the gift of Lord Henniker : the impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £8. 10., and the rectorial for one of £297- 6. 3 and there are 11 acres of glebe. BEALINGS, LITTLE (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Woodbridge, hundred of Carlford, E. divi- sion of Suffolk, 2 |: miles (W. by S.) from Woodbridge 3 comprising by admeasurement 7 1 2 acres, and containing 322 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 7. 3^. ; net income, £140 3 patron, F. Smythies, Esq. A school is supported by sub- scription. BEAMINSTER, a market-town and parish, in the union and hundred of Beaminster, Bridport division of Dorset, 17 J miles (W. N. W.) from Dorchester, and 137^ (W. S. W.) from London 3 containing, with the ty thing of Langdon, 3270 inhabitants. During the civil war in the reign of Charles I., Prince Maurice, com- manding a party of royalists engaged in besieging Lyme, took up his quarters in this town, which, in a few days after, was nearly reduced to ashes by fire, stated by some historians to have been occasioned by accident, and by others to have been the result of a quarrel be- tween the French and the Cornish men in the service of the king, who set fire to it in five different places. It was rebuilt by means of a parliamentary grant of £2000, but was again nearly destroyed by a fire which occurred in 1684 : in 1781, it experienced a similar calamity, but the greater part of the buildings having been insured, it soon recovered its former prosperity. The town is pleasantly situated on the river Birt, which is formed by the union of several small springs that rise in the im- mediate vicinity 3 the houses are in general modern and well built, and the inhabitants are amply supplied with water. The manufacture of woollen cloth, which for- merly flourished here, is at present on the decline, and that of sail-cloth is now the principal source of employ- ment 3 there is also a pottery for the coarser kinds of earthenware. The market, granted to William Ewel, prebendary of Sarum, in the 12th of Edward I., is on Thursday 3 and a fair is held on Sept. 19th, for cattle. Constables and other officers are appointed at the court leet of the lord of the hundred. The quarter-sessions for the county, now held at Dorchester, were formerly held here 3 and in 1 638, an order of session was issued for building a house of correction at the expense of the division. The town-hall is a neat and commodious edifice, in which the public business is transacted. The parish contains the manors of Beaminster Prima and Secunda, forming two prebends in the Cathedral of VoL. I.— 177 Salisbury 3 the former valued in the king’s books at £20. 2. 6., and the latter at £22. 5. 7^. The living is a vicarage, annexed to that of Netherbury : the great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £220, and those of the incumbent for one of £300. The church, founded in honour of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin, is a stately edifice, in the later style of English architecture, with a fine tower, 100 feet high, and richly ornamented with sculptured designs of the Crucifixion, the Resurrection, the Ascension, and other subjects of scriptural history. There is a place of worship for In- dependents. The free school was founded in 1 684, by Mrs. Frances Tucker, who endowed it with £20 per annum for the master, leaving also £30 per annum for apprenticing boys : the endowment now produces about £140, and the number of scholars is 100. The Rev. Samuel Hood, father of Lords Hood and Bridport, was master of the school early in the eighteenth century. An almshouse for eight aged persons was founded in 1630, by Sir John Strode, of Parnham, Knt., the income of which amounts to £20. Gilbert Adams, Esq., in 1626, gave £200 to the poor 3 and the Rev. William Hillary, in 1712, bequeathed the reversion, after ninety-nine years, of land in the parish of Carscombe, worth £35 per annum, for the benefit of twelve distressed families. The Knowle estate, in the parish, has been in the posses- sion of the Daniels since the reign of Henry VIII., and there is a burial-ground for the family upon it. Dr. Thomas Sprat, Bishop of Rochester, and the Rev. Thomas Russel, Fellow of New College, Oxford, who distinguished himself by his defence of Warton’s History of English Poetry, were natives of the town. BEAMISH, a township, in the chapelry of Tanfield, parish of Chester-le-Street, union of Lanchester, Middle division of Chester ward, N. division of the county of Durham, 7^ miles (S. S. W.) from Gateshead 3 containing, with the township of Lintz-Green, 2671 in- habitants. It stands in the deep- wooded vale of Team, which expands itself near the house of Beamish into a fine strath, bordered on all sides by rising grounds of irregular form, richly clothed with luxuriant forest-trees. The mansion, which contains some curious old portraits, is one of the best family residences in the county, having been much improved, and is remarkable for the handsome evergreens that ornament its pleasure- grounds : the old park of Beamish occupies an upland site to the south of the Team. There is a great quantity of coal in the township, worked from what is called the Tanfield colliery, and it also contains some iron-ore. BEAMSLEY, a township, partly in the parish of Addingham, but chiefly in that of Skipton, union of Skipton, Upper division of the wapentake of Claro, W. riding of York, 6J miles (E. by N.) from Skipton 3 containing 235 inhabitants, of whom I76 are in the Skipton portion. This township, which includes Great Beamsley in the parish of Skipton, and Little Beamsley in that of Addingham, is situated on the eastern side of the river Wharfe, and comprises by computation 1820 acres of fertile land 5 Beamsley Hall, the residence of Robert Dickson, Esq., is a handsome mansion pleasantly situated, and the prevailing character of the scenery is varied, and in some parts picturesque. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. An hospital was founded and endowed, in 1593, by Margaret, Countess of Cum- berland, for 13 poor women, 7 ffom Skipton, 5 from BEAR BEAU Silsdeiij and 1 from Stirton with Thorlby ; and an estate at Harewood was afterwards left to the charity by her daughter, Anne, Countess of Pembroke. In 1809, timber was felled on the lands to the amount of £1176, of which part was invested in the Navy 5 per cents. The inmates have each separate apartments, and the buildings contain a chapel, in which prayers are read daily by a chaplain, who has £20 per annum j the Earl of Thanet, as representative of the founder, is trustee, and the annual income is £332. BEANACRE, a tything, in the parish, union, and hundred of Melksham, Melksham and N. divisions of Wilts ; containing 257 inhabitants. BEAN LEY, a township, in the parish of Egling-^ HAM, union of Alnwick, N. division of Coouetdale ward and of Northumberland, 9| miles (W. N. W.) from Alnwick 3 containing I76 inhabitants. This was formerly the head of a barony, the lord of which had the power of inflicting capital punishment 3 Gallow-Haw, on the western side of the Breamish, having been the place of execution. It comprises about I7OO acres, of which 1000 are pasture and moorland, and700 arable 3 the soil, generally, is a light gravel, the surface moun- tainous, and the views very extensive. The river Brea- mish, abounding in trout, runs through the township, which is the property of the Duke of Northumberland, and is divided into two farms, occupied by two of the Duke’s bailiffs, Ralph Storey and Andrew Ker Moffat, Esqrs. On an elevated spot, called Beanley Plantation, are vestiges of an encampment, having a double fosse and rampart 5 the road which led to it is plainly discernible. Percy’s Cross, erected in memory of Sir Ralph Percy, an officer attached to the Lancasterian party, who fell in battle against the Yorkists, in 1464, stands on Hedgeley Moor, a short distance from the village. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £125. 18., and the vicarial for one of £55. 18. BEARD, a hamlet, in the parish of Glossop; union of Hayfield, hundred of High Peak, N. division of the county of Derby, 4 ^ miles (N. W. by N.) from Chapel- en-le-Frith 5 containing 290 inhabitants. The impro- priate tithes of this hamlet, with those of Ollerset, Whitle, and Thorn sett, have been commuted for a rent-charge of £92. 10., and the vicarial for £15. — See New Mills. BEARL, a township, in the parish of Bywell-St. Andrew, union of Hexham, E. division of Tindale ward, S. division of Northumberland, 4 miles (E.) from Corbridge 3 containing 36 inhabitants. This is a large farm, standing nearly two miles north from Bywell, and was some years since the property of Mr. Anthony Wailes and Mrs. Charlton, of whom it was purchased by T. W. Beaumont, Esq., for £22,000. Thie road from Corbridge to Heddon passes at a short dis- tance north of the village. BEARLEY (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Stratford-upon-Avon, Snitterfield division of the hundred of Barlichway, S. division of the county of Warwick, 4:^ miles (N. N. W.) from Stratford 5 con- taining 231 inhabitants, and comprising 939 acres. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £62 3 patrons, Provost and Fellows of King’s College, Cambridge 3 im- propriator, John Phillips, Esq. There is a school in which the greater portion of the children are paid for by the wealthier landowners. 178 BEARSTEAD (Holy Cross), a parish, in the union of Maidstone, hundred of Eyhorne, lathe of Ayles- FORD, W. division of Kent, 2 ^ miles (E.) from Maid- stone 3 containing 605 inhabitants. It is intersected by the lower Dover road, and comprises by measure- ment 627 acres, of which about 400 are arable, and the rest pasture 3 the surface is undulated, the soil sandy, and the chief produce hops and corn. A fair is held on the third Tuesday in July 3 and there are petty- sessions on the first Monday in every month. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 7. 4|. 3 net income, £191 5 patrons and appropri- ators. Dean and Chapter of Rochester : there are about two acres of glebe. The church is an ancient edifice, in the early English style, with a square tower. A na- tional school for this and three other parishes was built by subscription in 1839? on a piece of ground given by the Dean and Chapter, and their lessee, Mr. Alderman Lucas. BEARSTON, a township, in the parish of Muck- leston, union of Market-Drayton, Drayton division of the hundred of North Bradford, N. division of Salop, 4 f miles (N. E. by N.) from Drayton 3 contain- ing 101 inhabitants. BEARWARD'COTE, a township, in the parish of Etwall, union of Burton-upon-Trent, hundred of Appletree, S. division of the county of Derby 3 con- taining 36 inhabitants. BEAUCHAMP-ROOTHING, county of Essex.— See Roothing, Beauchamp. BEAUCHAMP-STOKE.— See Beeching. BE AUCHIEF- ABBEY, an extra-parochial liberty, formerly part of the parish of Norton, in the union of Ecclesall-Bierlow, hundred of Scarsdale, N. divi- sion of the county of Derby, 3^ miles (N. W. by N.) from Dronfield 3 containing 74 inhabitants. The living is a donative 3 patron, P. Pegge Burnell, Esq. The chapel is a small edifice, erected about I66O, with the exception of the tower, which formed part of a monas- tery of Prsemonstratensian canons, founded here in 1183, by Robert Fitz-Ranulph, and dedicated to St. Thomas k Becket, the revenue of which, at the Dissolu- tion, was £157. 10. 2. The liberty, comprising about 1000 acres, was, by a deed executed at a court held at Richmond, March 14th, I60I, exempted from assess- ment for taxes. BEAUDESERT (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Stratford-upon-Avon, Henley division of the hundred of Barlichway, S. division of the county of Warwick, ^ a mile (E.) from Henley-in-Arden 3 containing 205 inhabitants. This place derives its name from a strong castle, erected here soon after the Con- quest, by Thurstane de Montfort, which, from the beauty of its situation, was called Beldesert, and continued the chief seat of his descendants for several ages, but was probably either demolished or suffered to go to ruin about the time of the war between the houses of York and Lancaster, that the contending parties might not take advantage of it in their military operations. The parish comprises 1242 patron and im- propriator, H. Gaitskell, Esq. The parochial church stands about half a mile south-west of the village 5 and a church, in the early English style, has just been erected at Calder-Bridge, at the expense of Capt. Irwin. BECKERMET (St. John's), a parish, in the union of W^HiTEHAVEN, Allerdale Ward above Derwent, W^. division of Cumberland, ^ miles (S.) from Egremont 3 containing 468 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £57 5 patron and impropriator, H. Gaitskell, Esq. The church is a small ancient edi- fice. A portion of the town of Egremont is included within this parish, in which also stands a private resi- dence, called Woto-Bank, with the etymology of which is connected an interesting fabulous tale, chosen by Mrs. Cowley for the subject of a romantic poem eutitled Edwina,” published in 1794. BECK BECK BECKETT, a ty thing, in the parish and hundred of Shrivenham, county of Berks, miles (S. W. by S.) from Earringdon 5 comprising 792a. 2r. 25p., and con- taining 42 inhabitants. The manor, soon after the Con- quest, became the property of the crown, and the manor- house was occasionally made a royal residence. Dr. Shute Barrington, the late Bishop of Durham, was born here in 1734. BECKFORD {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Winchcomb, partly in the hundred of Tibaldstone, and partly in the Upper division of the hundred of Tewkesburv, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 6 miles (E. N. E.) from Tewkesbury 5 con- taining, with the hamlets of Grafton, Bangrove, and Didcote, 46 1 inhabitants. This parish, which comprises about ] 800 acres, is situated on the road from Tewkes- bury to Evesham, and abounds with freestone of good quality. The living is a vicarage, with Ashton-under- Hill annexed, valued in the king’s books at £16. I6. 10§.5 net income, £317; patron. Rev. John Timbrill, D.D. j impropriator, W. Wakeman, Esq. : the tithes were com- muted for land and a money payment in 1773. The church is a very ancient structure. Here is a Roman Catholic chapel. An alien priory of Augustine Canons, a cell to the abbey of St. Martin and St. Barbara, in Normandy, formerly existed here : upon its suppres- • sion, the revenues amounted to £53. 6. 8. BECKHAM, EAST {St. Helen), a parish, in the union of Erpingham, hundred of North Erpingham, E. division of Norfolk, 4| miles (W. by S.) from Cromer ; containing 56 inhabitants. The parish com- prises about 800 acres, nearly all arable land. The liv- ing is annexed to the rectory of Aylmerton, and the church has long been a ruin. BECKHAM, WEST {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Erpingham, hundred of South Erpingham, E. division of Norfolk, 3 miles (E.) from Holt ; con- taining 179 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 835 acres, of which 767 are arable, 18 pasture, and 50 common, now under inclosure, by an act obtained in 1840. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patron- age of the Dean and Chapter of Norwich, the appro- priators ; net income, £82. The church is a building, chiefly in the early English style, of which the tower has been many years down. BECKHAMPTON, a tything, in the parish of Ave- bury, union of Marlborough, hundred of Selkley, ' Marlborough and Ramsbury, and N. divisions of Wilts, 6 miles (W.) from Marlborough ; containing 155 in- habitants. The village, which adjoins Beckhampton downs, is situated on the road from Bath to London, which here divides into two branches, one leading through Devizes, and the other through Caine and Chip- penham. There was formerly a chapel. BECKING HAM {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Newark, wapentake of Loveden, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 5 miles (E.) from New- ark ; containing, with the hamlet of Sutton, 462 in- habitants. It is intersected by the road between New- ark and Sleaford ; the land is partly arable, and partly rich pasture. The living is a rectory, with Straggles- thorpe annexed, valued in the king’s books at £41. 6. 8. ; net income, £697 j patron, Thomas Marsland, Esq. : the tithes of the township were commuted for land and a money payment in 1769 ; the glebe consists of 400 182 acres. The church is partly Norman, and partly in the early English style ; the tower, ornamented with pin- nacles, is later English. There is a place of worship for Methodists ; and a national school was built by Mr. Marsland, in 1840. BECKINGHAM {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Gainsborough, within the liberty of South- well and Scrooby, though locally in the North- Clay division of the wapentake of Bassetlaw, N. division of the county of Nottingham, 3 ^ miles (W. by N.) from Gainsborough ; containing 491 inhabitants. It com- prises 2412 acres ; the road from Gainsborough to Bawtry passes through the village, and the navigable river Trent runs along the border of the parish. The living is a vicarage, in the patronage of the Chapter of the Collegiate Church of Southwell, valued in the king’s books at £6. 15. 3.; net income, £110; appropriators. Chapter of Southwell and Prebendary of Beckingbam. The tithes were commuted for land in 1779; the glebe consists of 60 acres. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans ; and a school, endowed with about £15 per annum, is conducted on the national plan. Dr. William Howell, the historian, was born here. BECKINGTON {St. Gregory), a parish, in the union and hundred of Frome, E. division of Somerset, 3 miles (N. E.) from Frome ; containing, with the ham- let of Rudge, 1190 inhabitants. The manufacture of cloth was formerly extensively carried on, and still ex- ists to a limited degree. The living is a rectory, with that of Standerwick annexed, valued in the king’s books at £19. 11. Oj., and in the gift of the Rev. Langford Sains- bury : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £464, and there are 72^ acres of glebe. The church contains the remains of Samuel Daniel, poet- laureate and historian, who died here in 1619 ; and of William Huish, rector of the parish, and one of the editors of the Polyglott Bible, who died in I688, There are places of worship for Particular Baptists and Wes- leyans. Thomas Beckington, Bishop of Bath and Wells, and a distinguished statesman, was born here in 1645. BECKLEY {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Headington, partly in the hundred of Ashendon, county of Buckingham, and partly in that of Bur- lington, county of Oxford, 4 miles (N. N. W.) from Wheatly ; containing, with the hamlet of Studley, in Bucks, and that of Horton, in Oxon, 763 inhabitants. The manor was part of the private property of Alfred the Great : in the thirteenth century it belonged to Richard, Earl of Cornwall, who had a castellated mansion here, formerly the residence of the barons of St. Walery, a portion of the site of which is now occupied by a dove- cote, supposed to be a relic of the fortress. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8 ; net in- come, £112 ; it is in the patronage of the family of the incumbent, the Rev. T. L. Cooke, to whom, and the Earl of Abingdon and Sir Alexander Croke, the impro- priate tithes belong. The church is in the early and decorated English styles, with an embattled tower be- tween the nave and chancel, and contains some monu^ ments to the Crokes, of Studley, a hamlet in the parish. A school is chiefly supported by the vicar. Studley Priory was founded in the reign of Henry II. by Bernard de St. Valori, or Walery, in honour of the Virgin Mary, and amply endowed for fifty nuns : its revenue, at the Dissolution, was valued at £84. 4. 4 ^., and the remains B E D A B E D B are incorporated with the present mansion, called Stud- ley Priory : the conventual church w'as taken down, and a domestic chapel erected within the mansion, which, by permission of the owner, is open to tenants and others upon the estate. The Roman road from Al- chester to Wallingford passed through the parish, and fragments of Roman pottery have been found in the vicinity. BEGKLEY {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Rye, hundred of Goldspur, rape of Hastings, county of Sussex, 7 miles (W. N. W.) from Rye^ containing 1412 inhabitants. The parish is bounded on the north by the river Rother, which separates the counties of Kent and Sussex j it comprises by measurement 4800 acres, of which about 1500 are in woods and plantations, and the remainder arable and pasture land in good cul- tivation 5 about 360 acres are planted with hops. Iron- ore and sandstone are found, and formerly there was an extensive furnace for smelting iron-ore. The village is pleasantly situated on the road from Rye to London ; the surrounding scenery is rich in sylvan beauty, and from many parts extensive and finely varied prospects are obtained. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 6. 8., and in the gift of University College, Oxford : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £1000, and the glebe comprises 25 acres, with a handsome house, built in 1840 by the patrons. The church is a handsome edifice in the decorated Eng- lish style. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans j and schools on the national plan are supported by sub- scription. There are several chalybeate springs. BECK-ROW, a hamlet, in the parish and union of Mildenhall, hundred of Lack ford, W. division of Suffolk j containing 744 inhabitants. BECKSWELL. — See Bexwell. BEDALE {St, Gregory), a market town, parish, and the head of a union, chiefly in the wapentake of Hang-East, but partly in that of Hallikeld, N. riding of York 5 containing 2803 inhabitants, of whom 1250 are in the town, 33§ miles (N. W.) from York, and 223 (N. N. W.) from London. The parish comprises 8702a. Ir. 24p., and contains the townships of Aiskew, Bedale, Burrell with Cowling, Crakehall, Firby, and Langthorne, and the hamlet of Rands-Grange. The town, which has been considerably improved of late, is of prepossess- ing appearance ; it is pleasantly situated on the banks of a stream flowing into the river Swale, near Scruton, and consists of one principal street, which is lighted with gas from works erected in 1836. The houses are in general of brick, and irregularly built ; the air is pure, and the neighbourhood, which is well cultivated, affords many pleasant w^alks and much picturesque scenery. Among the more recent buildings is a handsome struc- ture, erected in 1840, containing apartments for the savings’ bank, a suite of assembly-rooms, and apart- ments for holding petty- sessions. Several extensive wool-staplers carry on business here, and give employ- ment to numerous wool- combers. The North-Allerton station on the line of the Great North of England rail- way is seven miles distant. The market is on Tuesday ; and on the same day in alternate weeks is a large fair for fat-cattle and sheep, established in 1837. Other fairs are held on Easter-Tuesday, Whit-Tuesday, and July 5th and 6th, for horses, horned-cattle, and sheep ; and Oct. 10th and 11th, and the la«t Monday but one 183 before Christmas-day, for cattle, sheep, hogs, and leather, the supply of the last article being the most considerable of any in the north of England. The horses are generally of superior value, the surrounding country being famed for its breed of hunters and race- horses. The LIVING is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £89. 4. 9^., and in the alternate patronage of Miss Peirse and Myles Stapylton, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £1713. 16. 3., and there are 176 acres of glebe. The church is in the early English style, with a square embattled tower crowned by pinnacles, and of remarkable strength, having been used as a place of security from the incursions of the Scots : it contains several interesting monuments, one of w'hich is to the memory of Sir Brian Fitz-Alan, lord- lieutenant of Scotland in the reign of Edward I., who resided in a castle near the church, of which there are no remains. A district church was erected in 1840 at Crakehall, for the townships of Crakehall, Rand, East Brompton, and Langthorne ; it was built by private subscription, and by aid from the Church Building Society, and is endowed with £100 per annum out of the living of Bedale. There are places of worship for Methodists, Particular Baptists, and Roman Catholics. A school for boys, formerly in the churchyard, waS removed in 1816 to a more convenient room erected by Henry Peirse, Esq., in the market-place j it is supposed to have existed prior to the dissolution of religious houses, and was endowed by Queen Elizabeth with £7. 11. 4. per annum, and afterwards by the Countess of Warwick with £13. 6. 8. per annum, which latter sum, together with a gratuity of £50 from the rector, and £10 from the Hazleflatt estate, is paid to the master •, the first sum of £7. 11.4. being appropriated to the instruction of scholars in the old building in the churchyard, which was re-opened as a grammar school a few years ago. There is also a girls’ national school, supported by subscription. Samwaies hospital, a neat stone building, containing apartments for six men, was founded by P. Samwaies, D.D., in 1698 3 Christ’s hos- pital, at Firby, was founded in I6O8 by John Clapham, for a master and six brethren of the age oC 60 years or upwards, to be all single men 5 and the Widows’ hos* pital was founded by Robert Younge about 1 666, for the residence of three widows of Bedale. There are also numerous bequests for the poor. The union of Bedale, comprising 23 parishes and places, contains a population of 8596. Sir Christopher Wray, lord chief justice of the court of queen’s bench in the reign of Elizabeth, was a native of the place. BEDBURN, NORTH, a township, in the parish of St. Andrew-Auckland, union of Auckland, N. W, division of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Durham, 5f miles (N. W.) from Bishop-Auckland 3 containing 457 inhabitants. This place, which was anciently a possession of the Eure family, comprises the hamlets of GreemHead and Fir-Tree, and lies on the north side of Witton-le-Wear, and the village is at the junction of the roads to Witton and Bishop-Auckland : the river Wear passes on the west. Smelting-works are said to have been carried on herej at a place now called Smelt- house. BEDBURN, SOUTH, a township, in the chapelry of Hamsterley, parish of St. Andrew-Auckland, B ED F B ED F union of Auckland, N. W. division of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Durham, 8 miles (N. W. by W.) from Bishop- Auckland 3 containing 350 im habitants. This township, which is situated between the river Wear and the Bedburn rivulet, comprises 8068 acres, of which 5000 are arable, meadow, and pasture, 1068 wood and plantations, and the remainder waste 3 the soil is light and sandy, but not unfertile. The sur- face is diversified with hills and glens, and the neigh- bourhood abounds with picttiresque and romantic scenery. The Grove, the occasional residence of Robert Surtees, Esq., and Hoppyland Park, the seat of G. F. L. Blenkinsop, Esq., are both in the township, and at its north-western extremity is an earthwork of remote anti- quity, called The Castles,” of oblong form, surrounded by a lofty rampart of loose pebble stones, with an outer ditch, supposed to have been a British fortress. At Bedburn Forge is a manufactory for edge-tools, spades, &c. which, prior to the year 1820, was used for bleaching linen cloth and yarn by a chemical process. BEDDINGHAM {St, Andrew), a parish, in the union of West Firle, hundred of Totnow, rape of Pevensey, E. division of Sussex, 2 miles (S. E.) from Lewes 3 containing 268 inhabitants. The parish com- prises 2283a. 3r. Ip., and includes part of the South Downs 3 it is bounded on the west by the river Ouse, and is intersected by the road from Lewes to East- bourne. The living is a discharged vicarage, with that of West Firle united, valued in the king’s books at £9. 10. 10. 3 net income, £345 3 patrons, alternately, the Bishop, and the Dean and Chapter of Chichester. The impropriation of Beddingham belongs to the Dean and Chapter, and that of West Firle, to Viscount Gage. The church is a han'dsome structure, and has evidently been of larger dimensions than at present. A parochial school is supported by subscription. Several relics of antiquity, consisting of swords, bracelets, and Roman coins, with some skeletons, were dug up in a field in 1800. BEDDINGTON {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Croydon, Second division of the hundred of Wal- LiNGTON, E. division of Surrey, 1| mile (W.) from Croydon 3 containing, with the hamlet of Wallington, 1453 inhabitants. This parish, which comprises by admeasurement 4900 acres, is intersected by the river Wandle 3 the soil is light and gravelly, and towards the north the surface is flat. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 16. 8., and in the patronage of the Representative of the late Admiral Sir B. H. Carew : the tithes, with those of Wallington, have been commuted for a rent-charge of £1200, and there are 49 acres of glebe. The church, beautifully situated in Beddington Park, close to the ancient mansion, is a handsome edifice, with a fine tower, chiefly in the later English style : it was built in the reign of Richard II., and contains some monuments to the memory of the Carew family. Several schools are supported by sub- scription, and there are bequests to the poor, the prin- cipal of which is one of £1000 by Mrs. A. P. Gee, in 1825. The first orange-trees introduced into England are said to have been planted in Beddington Park. Roman urns and other relics have been discovered. BEDFIELD {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union and hundred of Hoxne, E. division of Suffolk, miles (W. N. W.) from Framlingham 5 containing 358 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, valued 184 in the king’s books at £14, and in the gift of the Earl of Stradbroke : the glebe consists of 24 acres, and the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £375. The church consists of a nave and chancel, with a square tower. About £56, the produce of land, are annually distributed among the poor. BEDFONT, EAST {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Staines, hundred of Spelthorne, county of Middlesex, 3^ miles (W. S. W.) from Hounslow 3 con- taining, with the hamlet of Hatton, 982 inhabitants. This is a polling-place for the election of knights of the shire. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 4. 3 net income, £288 3 patron and appropriator, Bishop of London. Opposite the entrance to the church are two yew-trees, the branches of which, meeting at the top, form an arch, and have been fantastically cut so as to represent two cocks in a fighting attitude 3 in the thick foliage of one of them appears the date 1704 (an eccentric individual having made a bequest in that year for keeping them thus trimmed), and in that of the other are seen the initials H. I. G. R. T. BEDFORD, a borough and market-town, and the head of a union, in the county of Bedford, of which it is the capital, 50 miles (N. N. W.) from Lon- don 3 containing 9178 inha- bitants. This place, called by the later Britons Lettuy- dur, and by the Saxons Be- danford or Bedicanford (ex- pressive of its character as a place of public accommo- Seal and Arms. dation at the passage of a river), derives its name from its situation near an ancient ford over the Ouse. In 571, a battle was fought here between the Britons and the West Saxons, the latter being commanded by Cuthwulf, brother of Ceawlin, third king of Wessex, in which the Britons were defeated with considerable loss. The town, having been almost destroyed by the Danes, was restored by Edward the Elder, who greatly en- larged it, by erecting a fort and other buildings on the opposite side of the river 3 but in 1010 it suff'ered again from an irruption of the Danes, who committed most dreadful ravages in their progress through the country. After the Conquest, Payne de Beauchamp, third baron of Bedford, built a strong castle here, which was be- sieged and taken by Stephen in the war with the Em- press Matilda 3 and when the barons took up arms against King John, William de Beauchamp, who then possessed it, having taken part with the insurgents, de- livered the castle into their possession, but it was sub- sequently besieged and ultimately taken for the king by Falco de Brent, upon whom that monarch bestowed it, as a reward for his services. In the reign of Henry HI. Falco, having committed excessive outrages, for which he was fined £3000 by the king’s itinerant justiciaries at Dunstable, seized the principal judge and imprisoned him in the castle, which, after a vigorous siege, and an obstinate defence, memorable in the history of those times, was taken, and, by the king’s order, demolished, with the exception of the inner part, which was given for a residence to William de Beauchamp, to whom B ED F B ED F Henry restored the barony, which he had forfeited in the preceding reign. Of this fortress only a part of the intrenchments, and the site of the keep, now con- verted into a bowling-green, remain. The ancient barons of Bedford were lord almoners at the coronation of the kings of England, and, as an inheritor of part of the barony, the Marquess of Exeter officiated at that of George IV., receiving the usual perquisite of a silver alms-basin, and the cloth upon which the sovereign walked from Westminster Hall to the Abbey. During the civil war in the reign of Charles I., this town, which had been garrisoned for the parliament, surrendered to Prince Rupert, in 1 643 5 the parliamentary troops, under Col. Montague, afterwards entered it by stratagem, and carried off some money and horses, which had been brought thither for the use of the royalists. The TOWN is pleasantly situated in a fertile vale, watered by the river Ouse, which is here navigable for barges, and over which is a handsome stone bridge of five arches, erected in 1813, at an expense of £15,137, replacing a former bridge of great antiquity. It consists of one spacious street, nearly a mile in length, inter- sected at right angles by several smaller streets, and is rapidly increasing, from the advantages of gratuitous education at the excellent and richly endowed free schools, adapted to every class of the community, ope- rating as an inducement to families to settle here 3 it is well paved, lighted with gas, and amply supplied with water. Races are held in the spring and autumn, a king’s plate having been run for, for the first time, at the autumnal meeting of 1832 3 assemblies take place during the winter 3 a small theatre is opened occasion- ally 3 there is a public library, with an extensive and well-assorted collection of valuable books, and a mu- seum 3 and several book-clubs have been established. The principal branches of manufacture are those of lace and straw-plat, in which many women and children are employed 3 a good deal of iron is manufactured into agricultural implements, and a considerable trade in corn and coal, by means of the Ouse, is carried on with L3mn and the intermediate places. The market-days are Monday, for pigs only 3 and Saturday, for corn and provisions : the former market is held in the southern, and the latter in the northern, division of the town. The fairs are on the first Tuesday in Lent, April 21st, July 6th, Aug. 21st, Oct. 12th, and Dec. 19th, for cattle 3 and there is a wool fair also on the 6th of July. The GOVERNMENT, Until 1836, was in accordance with a charter of incorporation granted by Charles II., con- firming the prescriptive privileges of the borough and the charters previously granted 3 but by the act of the 6th and 6th of William IV. c. 76 , the corporation now consists of a mayor, 6 aldermen, and I7 councillors, exclusively of the mayor, who belongs to the last-named class 3 and the borough is divided into two wards, the municipal and parliamentary boundaries being the same. The mayor is a justice of the peace by virtue of his office, and four other gentlemen have been appointed justices, concurrently with the county magistrates. The borough first sent representatives to parliament in the 23rd of Edward I., since which time it has returned two members 3 the mayor is returning officer. The assizes and quarter-sessions for the county are held in the town, where also the election of the knights of the shire takes place 3 the sessioiis-house, rebuilt in 1753, is a neat VoL. I. — 185 stone edifice, in St. Paul’s-square. The county gaol, rebuilt in 1801, is a handsome structure, surrounded by a high brick wall at the north-western entrance into the town, and contains seven wards or divisions for the clas- sification of prisoners, with airing-yards, in one of which is a tread-mill. The county penitentiary, or new house of correction, a large brick building on the road to Kettering, was erected in 1819*. The borough comprises the parishes of St. Cuthbert, St. John, St. J^ary, St. Paul, and St. Peter Martin. The parish of St. Cuthbert comprises about 250 acres by measurement. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 9. 4^., and in the patronage of the Crown, with a net income of £129 : the tithes were commuted for land and annual money payments in 1795. The parish of St. John contains by computation 18 acres. The living is a rectory not in charge, with the mastership of St.John’s hospital, in the town, annexed 3 net income, about £380 : the advowson till lately be- longed to the corporation. The church is a neat struc- ture, in the later English style, with a handsome tower, but it has been much modernised. The parish of St. Mary contains 490 acres, of which 275 acres are plough land, and 215 pasture 3 the soil is gravel. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 4. 9j. ; net income, £273 3 patron, Bishop of Lincoln : the tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1797. The church is in the later English style, with a plain square tower. The parish of St. Paul contains 77 let* 1^. 34p., of which the greater part is arable, the pasture being chiefly on the banks of the Ouse 3 the surface is level, rising gradually on the north towards Clapham hill. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10, and in the patronage of Lord Carteret, with a net income of £230 3 the glebe consists of about 63 acres. The church, of which a portion was built in the 12th century, is a spacious and venerable structure, partly in the early, and partly in the decorated English style, with a handsome tower surmounted by an octagonal spire, and a north and south porch in the later style. An additional church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, was erected, in the pointed style, in 1839-40, by subscription, aided by £500 from the Incorporated Society 3 it contains 1000 sittings, of which 500 are free 3 and Lord Carteret has contributed £2700 towards its endowment. The parish of St. Peter Martin comprises 547«. 3r. 18p. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 13. 1^., and in the patronage of the Crown 3 net income, £204 : the tithes were commuted for land and annual money payments in 1795. The church is an ancient edifice, with a tower, the upper part of which has been recently restored, and having, at the southern entrance, a beautiful Norman arch. There are places of worship for Baptists, Independents, Wesley- ans, and Moravians 3 and a chapel has lately been erected, denominated the Primitive Episcopal or Reformed Church of England, the minister of which styles himself Bishop. The Free Grammar school of the Bedford charity was founded in 1556, and endowed with property, consisting of houses and land, by Sir William Harpur, a native of the town, and lord mayor of London in 1561, whose statue, in white marble, is placed in a niche over the entrance : it has eight exhibitions of £80 per annum each, tenable for four years, in either of the Universities 2 B B E D F B E D F of Oxford, Cambridge, or Dublin, six of which are re^ stricted to boys whose parents are inhabitants of the town, and the remaining two are open to all scholars educated in the school, whether or not children of in- habitants. Under the same endowment there are an English commercial school for 196 boys, a national school for boys and girls, and an hospital for the main- tenance and education of fifty children of both sexes : the entire amount given annually in apprentice fees is £1500. Handsome school premises in connexion with the charity have been lately erected, to which an exten- sive addition in a corresponding style of architecture has been since made. From the same fund were founded and endowed twenty almshouses, each containing four apartments, for ten aged men and ten aged women, decayed housekeepers 3 and forty- six additional houses have since been erected, on the northern side of Dame Alice* street, so called in honour of the founder’s lady. The sum of £800 is annually given, in marriage portions of £20 each, to maidens of good character, in the town, (being daughters of resident householders belonging to either of the parishes,) £500 for the relief of decayed housekeepers, and other pecuniary donations to the poor, all arising from the same endowment, which, owing to the increased rental of the estate, yields an annual income of more than £13,000. A school was founded in 1727, and endowed wdth lands producing £46. 10. per annum, by Mr. Alexander Leith j and a Green-coat school, now united to the national school, was esta- blished in 1760, and endowed with £33. 15. 6., per annum, by Alderman Newton, of Leicester, for twenty- five boys, for clothing whom the endowment is now appropriated. The house of industry, erected by act of parliament, in 1796, at a cost of £5000, is now the workhouse of the Bedford union, which comprises forty-four parishes and places, and contains a population of 31,767. The county lunatic asylum, a handsome brick building on the road to Ampthill, was erected in 1812, at an expense, including the furniture, of £17,97*^^ and will accommo- date sixty-five patients. The county infirmary, on the same road, is a substantial edifice, with a stone front, towards the erection and endowment of which the late Samuel Whitbread, Esq., gave £10,000, and Lord Hamp- den £10003 it contains a small museum, and a medical library consisting of nearly 2000 volumes. The Mar- quess of Tavistock, at the election for the county in 1826, presented £2000 to the institution, in lieu of enter- taining the freeholders 3 and the Duke of Bedford con- tributes £100 per annum. Eight almshouses, for un- married persons of either sex, were founded and endowed in 1679:, by Mr. Thomas Christie. An hospital, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, is supposed to have been established and partly endowed by Robert de Parys 3 its revenue, at the Dissolution of religious houses, was £21. 0. 8.3 the charity was then confirmed, and the mastership is now annexed to the rectory of St. John’s. A monastery of uncertain foundation existed here at a very early period, in the chapel of which Offa, King of Mercia, who had been a great benefactor to it, was buried 3 the chapel being afterwards undermined by the Ouse, sunk with the tomb of that monarch into the river. About three-quarters of a mile west of the town, on the bank of the river, are some remains of the con- ventual buildings of Caldwell Priory, which was institu- 186 ted in the reign of John, by Robert, son of William de Houghton, for brethren of the order of the Holy Cross, and the revenue of which, at the Dissolution, was £148. 15. 10. At Newenham, a mile east of the town, are considerable vestiges of a priory of Black canons, which, in the reign of Henry II., was removed thither from Bedford, where it had been originally founded by Simeon Beauchamp 3 and at Elstow church, formerly Helenstowe, two miles distant, on the road to Clophill, are the interesting ruins of a nunnery, established by Judith, niece of William the Conqueror, and dedicated to the Holy Trinity, and to St. Helen, mother of Con- stantine the Great 3 the revenue, at the Dissolution, was £325. 2. 1. John Bunyan, author of the “Pilgrim’s Progress,” was confined for twelve years and a half in the county gaol, from which he was ultimately released on the intercession of the Bishop of Lincoln. Bedford confers the title of Duke on the noble family of Russell. BEDFORD, a district chapelry, in the parish and union of Leigh, hundred of West Derby, S. division of the county palatine of Lancaster, 1:| mile (E. S. E.) from Leigh 3 containing 4187 inhabitants. The manu- facture of muslin and fustian is extensively carried on. The church, dedicated to St. Thomas, was erected in 1840, by grants from the Commissioners and the Dio- cesan Society, and is a neat structure of brick, with a tower 3 net income of the incumbent, £150. There are places of wmrship for Wesleyans and Roman Catho- lics. BEDFORD-CIRCUS, a precinct and chapelry, in the county of the city of Exeter, S. division of Devon 3 containing 190 inhabitants. BEDFORDSHIRE, an inland county, bounded on the north and north-east by Huntingdonshire, on the east by the county of Cambridge, on the south-east and south by that of Hertford, on the sonth-west and west by that of Buckingham, and on the north-west by that of Northampton 3 it lies between the parallels of 51° 50' and 52° 22' (N. Lat.), and between the meridians of 9' and 42' (W. Lon.), and includes 463 square miles, or 296,320 statute acres. There are 21,235 inhabited houses, 519 uninhabited, and 210 in the progress of erection 3 and the population amounts to 107,936, of whom 52,190 are males, and 55,746 females. At the time of the Roman conquest of Britain, this territory formed part of the possessions of the Cassii ,• and on the consolidation of the Roman dominion, it was included in the division of Southern Britain, called Flavia Ccesar iensis. During the heptarchy, the northern part appears to have been occupied by the South Mercians, and the southern by the East Saxons. Bedfordshire, by the act founded on the recommendation of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, is now within the diocese of Ely, and province of Canterbury ; it forms an archdeaconry, in which are included the deaneries of Bedford, Clapham, Dunstable, Eaton, Fleet, and Shefford3 and contains 123 parishes. For purposes of civil jurisdiction it is divided into nine hundreds, namely, Barford, Biggles- wade, Clifton, Flitt, Manshead, Redbornestoke, Stodden, Willey, and Wixamtree 3 and it contains the borough, market, and county town of Bedford, the corporate and market town of Dunstable, and the market-towns of Ampthill, Biggleswade, Harrold, Leighton-Buzzard, Lu- ton, Potton, and W^oburn. Two knights are returned to parliament for the shire, and two burgesses for the B ED F B E D H borough of Bedford : the county is included in the Norfolk circuit, and the assizes and sessions are held in the shire-hall at Bedford, at which town are the county gaol and old house of correction, and the penitentiary or new house of correction. The form cf the county is a very irregular parallelo- gram, the sides of which are deeply indented by pro- jecting, and in some instances nearly isolated, portions of the adjoining shires. The soil comprises every species commonly seen in upland districts, from the strongest clay to the lightest sand ; although the various kinds are frequently found in remarkably small patches, and so intermixed that no accurate delineation of them can be given. The agricultural improvements that have taken place in modern times, but which have not been very extensively introduced, are mainly owing to the exertions of the 5th Duke of Bedford. The county has long been noted for its abundant produce of wheat and barley, the Vale of Bedford being one of the finest corn districts in the county 3 rye and oats are cultivated only to a limited extent, as beans are thought more profitable, and on the clay soils are less exhausting than oats. The natural meadows on the banks of the rivers are dis- tinguished for their richness, but the quantity of pasture land is not very considerable 5 in the southern part of the county, however, and in the neighbourhoods of Ampthill and Woburn more especially, are many large dairy-farms, the produce of which, being chiefly butter, is sent to the London market. The breeding and fat- tening of calves is carried on in the vicinity of Biggles- wade. The woods occupy about 7OOO acres, and are almost wholly situated on the slopes of the hills, which consist of cold Wet woodland clays 3 and various exten- sive plantations have been made by the principal pro- prietors of land. The high chalky downs, which consti- tute a large portion of the southernmost part of the county, comprise about 4000 acres of bleak and barren land, in many parts consisting only of a mass of hard chalk, called hurlock, or clunch, with a slight covering of loamy soil, barely sufficient to nourish a scanty crop of indifferent herbage. The northern acclivities of the Chiltern hills are, in many places, the steepest in the county, and are totally inaccessible to the plough 3 but, with the exception of this tract, the waste lands occupy only a very small proportion of its surface. The Manu- factures are almost entirely confined to the platting of straw and the making of thread-lace, the latter being pursued in every part of the county, excepting only in the southern districts, where it has been superseded by the straw manufacture. Straw-platting was formerly confined to the chalk district, at the southernmost ex- tremity of the county, but was so much encouraged about the commencement of the present century, as to spread rapidly over the whole southern part of it, as far as Woburn, Ampthill, and Shefford. Here many of the male, and nearly the whole female, population are em- ployed in this manufacture 3 in like manner as those of the middle and northern parts are in making thread- lace. A considerable quantity of mats is made in the vicinity of the Ouse, to the north-west of Bedford. The principal rivers are the Ouse and the Ivel, the former of which becomes navigable at Bedford, and the latter at Biggleswade, and they unite at Tempsford. .The Grand Junction canal crosses a small south-western portion of the county, in the valley of the Ouzel, near Leighton- 187 Buzzard 3 and, in the vicinity of the same town, the London and Birmingham railway runs, for a short dis- tance, parallel with the course of the Ouse, but does not pass through the county. Bedfordshire contained the Roman station called by Antonine Durocohrivce, and by Richard of Cirencester Forum Diana, at Dunstable 3 and that designated by Ptolemy EaXrjmt, and by the geographer of Ravennhs Salince, near the village of Sandy. It was intersected by the great Roman roads Ikeneld-street and Watling- street, by a military way running for a considerable dis- tance within its south-eastern border, and by several vicinal ways. The most remarkable military intrench- ment is that called Totternhoe Castle, on the brow of a high hill about two miles to the north-west of Dunstable, consisting of a lofty circular mount surrounded by ditch and ramparts ; a little south-eastward of this is a camp in the form of a parallelogram, about 500 feet long, and 250 broad. About a mile from Dunstable is the large circular encampment called Maiden Bower, about 2500 feet in circumference, and formed by a single ditch and rampart : there is another extensive fortification of the , same kind, and nearly of a circular form, near Leighton- Buzzard 3 a third circular intrenchment, 112 feet in diameter, is situated about four miles from Bedford, on the road to Eaton-Socon 3 and on a hill overlooking the site of the ancient Salina, is a large Roman camp of an irregular oblong form. At the period of the Reforma- tion, there were fourteen religious houses, besides a cornmandery of the Knights Hospitallers, six hospitals, and one college of priests : the most considerable re- mains are those of Elstow Abbey and Dunstable Priory, and there are smaller vestiges of Warden Abbey, of the Grey friars’ Monastery at Bedford, and of the priories of Bushmead, Harrold, Newenham, and Caldwell. Of an- cient castles there are few remains, except the strong earthworks which yet mark their sites, and of which the most remarkable are situated at Arlsey, Bedford, Bletsoe, Cainhoe, Mappershall, Paddington, Ridgmont, Rising- hoe, Sutton, Thurleigh, Toddington, and Yielding. Among the mansions of the landed proprietors, those most worthy of particular notice are Woburn Abbey, and Ampthill, Luton Hoo, Wrest, Brogborough, Bletsoe, and Melchbourn Parks. There are mineral springs at Barton, Bedford, Bletsoe, Blunham, Bromham, Bush- mead, Clapham, Cranfield, Holcutt, Milton-Ernest, Odell, Pertenhall, Risley, Silsoe, and Turvey 3 they possess different properties, some being saline, and others chaly- beate, but none of them are much frequented. BEDHAMPTON, a parish, in the union of Havant, hundred of Portsdown, Fareham and S. divisions of the county of Southampton, 4.. of a mile (W.) from Havant 3 containing 533 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 2415 acres, about one-half of which is under tillage, and the other divided in nearly equal por- tions between woodland and pasture 3 the soil in the lower part is a rich black loam, and in the upper part a strong clay 3 there are some chalk-pits, and two extensive flour-mills. The village is delightfully situated on the shore of Langston harbour, and commands some splen- did views : there are some fine springs of water, to one of which considerable medicinal qualities are attributed. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 3. 9.3 patron. Rev. Henry Reid: the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £320. 10., and the 2 B 2 B E D L BEDM glebe consists of 26 acres. The church is a very neat structure. BEDINGFIELD^ or Bedingfeld (St, Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Hoxne, E. division of Suffolk, 5 miles (S. S. E.) from Eye ; containing 336 inhabitants, and comprising 1753a. 1?*. 7p. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8, and in the gift of J. J. Bedingfield, Esq., whose family received their name from the parish : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £400, and the glebe consists of 3 acres, to which is attached a good parsonage-house. The church is in the early English style, and has a nave and chancel, with an embattled tower. A national school is supported by subscription. The produce of land to the amount of about £35 per annum is partly applied to the repairing of the church, and partly to general purposes ; and £15 per annum, from land left by B. Bedingfield and S. Fakes, are distributed among the poor. There are several ancient moated houses ; and a few years ago some silver coins were found of Edward I. ; and a curious leaden seal of Pope Innocent VI. was dug up in the glebe. BEDINGHAM (St. Andrew) , a parish, in the union, of Loddon and Clavering, hundred of Loddon, E. division of Norfo‘lk, 4 ^ miles (N. W. by W.) from Bungay j containing 3 1 6 inhabitants. An act for inclos- ing lands was passed in 1841. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5 3 patron and impropriator, J. W. Gooch, Esq. : the great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £280. 10., and the vicarial for one of £141. 3. 5 and the glebe com- prises about 11 acres. The church consists of a nave, chancel, and side aisles, with a chapel at the east end of each aisle, and a circular tower, of which the upper part is octagonal 3 the font is curiously sculptured, and in the chancel are some handsome monuments to the Stow family. Another church, dedicated to St. Mary, for- merly stood in the churchyard 3 and the living consisted of medieties, which have long been united. BEDLINGTON (St, Cuthbert), a parish, in the union of Morpeth, E. division of Chester ward, county of Durham, 5| miles (S. E. by S.) from Morpeth 3 forming a detached portion of the shire, lying at the south-eastern corner of Castle ward, in Northumberland, with which county it is connected for parliamentary purposes 3 and containing 3155 inhabitants, of whom 2023 are in the township of Bedlington. This district was purchased about the beginning of the tenth century by Cutheard, second bishop of Chester, who gave it to the see, by which means it was annexed in jurisdiction to the body of the county palatine lying between the Tyne and the Tees 3 it anciently had courts and officers of justice within its own limits, and these were ap- pointed under commission from the bishop of Durham, and consisted as well of justices, escheators, and sheriffs, as of coroners and all other appropriate officers. The TOWN stands on high ground, and in a pleasant situa- tion, and consists principally of one long street of con- siderable width, forming a kind of sloping avenue to the river Blyth, which glides past, between steep banks. The parish, commonly called Bedlingtonshire, and in- cluding the townships of North Blyth, Cambois, Chop- pington, Netherton, and East and West Sleckburn, is on the coast of the North Sea, and is bounded on the north by the Wansbeck, and on the south by the Blyth, which 188 is navigable for small craft, and affords facility of con- veyance for the produce of the Bedlington iron-works. At these works, which are among the oldest and most extensive in the kingdom, are manufactured chain- cables, bolts, bar and sheet-iron, and all the heavier articles in wrought iron, which are conveyed to the port of Blyth, where they are shipped for London : the buildings occupy an exceedingly romantic site, the banks on each side of the river rising to a very considerable height, while the impatient waters hasten rapidly along, and, in passing over a dam, form a very beautiful cata- ract. There are also some extensive collieries, and several quarries producing grindstones, scythe-stones, and whetstones of superior quality. Within the limits of the township is Hartford House, a fine seat, erected by the late William Burdon, Esq., and delightfully placed on the north bank of the Blyth. Petty- sessions for the district are held occasionally. The living, of which the net income is £454, is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13. 6. 8., and in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of Durham, who are also appropria- tors : the church, dedicated to St. Cuthbert, whose remains are said to have rested here, on the flight of the monks from Durham, upon the approach of the Conqueror, in 1069, was enlarged and repaired in 1818, on which occasion three monumental stones were found, at a depth of five feet below the surface, of the usual coffin-lid shape, one of which was inscribed with the name of the person whose remains it protected. A school is conducted on the national plan, and chiefly maintained by subscription 3 and there is also a school supported by the Bedlington Iron Company. At the eastern extremity of the village is a petrifying spring, called Spinner’s Well. BEDMINSTER (St. John the Baptist), a parish, and the head of a union, partly in the county of the city of Bristol, and partly in the hundred of Hartcliffe with Bedminster, E. division of Somerset, 1^ mile (S. by W.) from Bristol 3 containing, with the tythings of Bishport and Knowle, 17,862 inhabitants. This large and populous place anciently consisted only of a few cottages 5 but, from its proximity to Bristol, from which it is separated only by the new cut formed for the con- version of the natural channel of the river Avon into a floating harbour, and also from its situation on the main road from the western counties, it has become a consi- derable suburb to that city. Here are tanneries and rope- walks, and many of the inhabitants are employed in collieries. The parish comprises about 5000 acres, chiefly pasture land, and in the environs are several gardens, with the produce of which the occupiers supply the city of Bristol. It constitutes the endowment of a prebend in the cathedral of Salisbury, and a court-leet for the prebend is held here. The living is a discharged vicar^ age, with the perpetual curacies of St. Mary’s and St, Thomas’ Redcliffe and Abbot’s-Leigh annexed, valued in the king’s books at £10. 3. 4., and in the gift of the Prebendary of Bedminster and Redcliffe : the appro- priate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £69, and the vicarial for one of £400. The church dis- plays various portions of ancient architecture, with mo^ dern insertions : a spire on the tower was thrown down in 1563. St. Paul’s district church, in the later English style, with a tower, was erected in 1831, hy grant of the Parliamentary Commissioners, at an expense of £8673. 6.;> B ED W B ED W the living is a vicarage not in charge j net income, £1803 patron. Vicar of Bedminster. There are places of wor- ship for Baptists, Independents, and Methodists, of which that belonging to the Independents is one of the most handsome and spacious buildings of the kind in the kingdom ; the principal entrance is adorned with Grecian columns, and the exterior coated with freestone. Schools are maintained by voluntary contributions, and an hos- pital, including also a dispensary, has been recently instituted, and is liberally supported. About the close of the twelfth century, Robert de Berkeley founded an hospital, dedicated to St. Catherine, for a master and several poor brethren 5 it stood on the western side of a street near the extremity of Brightlow bridge, and was subsequently used as a glass- manufactory, but has since been converted into small tenements. Another hospital was founded by a member of the same family, but every vestige of it has disappeared. The poor law union of Bedminster comprises twenty-three parishes and places, and contains a population of 36,^68. BEDNALL, with Acton-Trussell, a chapelry and township, in the parish of Baswich, union of Penk- RiDGE, E. division of the hundred of Cuttlestone, S. division of the county of Stafford, 5 miles (S.S.E.) from Stafford j containing 574 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 1018 acres, of which 898 are cultivated and chiefly arable, and 120 are plantations. The living is a perpetual curacy, annexed to that of Acton-Trussell : the chapel is a small old building, dedicated to All Saints. BEDSTONE (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Knighton, hundred of Purslow, S. division of Salop, 4^ miles (N. E.) from Knighton 3 containing 139 in- habitants. It comprises by measurement 908 acres, of which the surface is diversified with hill and dale, and the soil in general a sharp gravelly earth. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 13. 4. 3 net income, £230 ; patron, E. Rogers, Esq. A school is partly supported by subscription. BEDWARDINE (St. John), a parish, in the union of Worcester, Lower division of the hundred of OswALDSLOw, Worcester and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, 1 mile (S. W. by W.) from Worcester ; containing 2663 inhabitants, and comprising about 250 acres. The village is pleasantly situated on an eminence rising from the western bank of the Severn, by which it is separated from the city of Worcester. A fair is held on the Friday before Palm-Sunday, on which day (by ancient usage, originating in a grant of certain pTivi- leges by the prior of Worcester, in the reign of Edward IV.) the mayor and corporation of Worcester walk in procession through the village. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13. 6.8.3 net income, £635 5 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Worcester. The church is an ancient edifice, partly Norman, but chiefly in the later English style. Charity schools for boys and girls, afterwards united, were respectively founded and endowed by Milbarrow Doelittle and Mercy Herbert, in 17^7, each having granted land for the purpose, now producing £45 per annum : there is also a rent-charge of £25, bequeathed by Timothy Nourse, in 1698, for apprenticing and clothing children. BEDWARDINE, ST. MICHAEL, county of Wor- cester. — See Michael (St.), Bedwardine. 189 BEDWAS (St. Barrog), a parish, in the union of Newport, partly in the hundred of Caerphilly, county of Glamorgan (South Wales), but chiefly in the Lower division of the hundred of Wentlloog, county of Monmouth 3 containing 800 inhabitants, of whom 458 are in the hamlet of Upper, and 284 in that of Lower, Bedwas, 9 miles (W. by N.) from Newport. The parish, which is intersected by the river Rumney, abounds with coal, of which some mines are in full operation. The living is a rectory, with Ruddry an- nexed, valued in the king’s books at £10. 14. 9|., and in the patronage of the Crown : the great tithes of Bedwas, belonging to the Bishop of Llandaff, have been commuted for a rent-charge of £187. 1^- 6., and the bishop has also 100 acres of glebe. A school is en- dowed with £23 per annum, derived from land. BEDW^ELTY (St. Sannan), a parish, in the union of Abergavenny, division of Bedwelty, hundred of Wentlloog, county of Monmouth, 16 miles (N. W.) from Newport 3 containing, with the hamlets of Ish- lawrcoed, Ushlawrcoed, and Mamhole, 22,413 inhabit- ants. The parish contains extensive veins of iron-stone, and is intersected in every direction by numerous tram- roads 3 the Rumney railway also commences here, and joins the Sirhowey railway, in the parish of Bassaleg. There are several foundries on a very large scale, for an account of which, see Tredegar. The Rock inn is a polling-place for the election of knights of the shire. The living is a perpetual curacy; net income, £1923 patron. Bishop of Llandaff. The church is of early English architecture : the churchyard, which commands extensive and variegated prospects, is surrounded with some trifling remains of an intrenchment. A district church has been erected at Tredegar, in the parish, by aid of grants from the Parliamentary Commissioners and the Incorporated Society 3 and in 1839, an act was passed, to empower the Rhymney Iron Company to erect and endow another church. There are several places of worship for Baptists, Independents, and Wes- leyan and Calvinistic Methodists 3 and a school for girls is supported by contributions. BEDWIN, GREAT (St. Mary), an incorporated market-town and parish, in the union of Hungerford, hundred of Kinwardstone, Marlborough and Ramsbury, and S. divisions of Wilts, 5| miles (S. W. by W.) from Hungerford, 23 (N.) from Salisbury, and 70| (W. by S.) from London 3 including the tythings of Crofton with Wolfhall, East and West Grafton, Martin, Wexcornbe, and Wilton, and contain- ing 2178 inhabitants. This place, supposed by Dr. Stukeley to be the Leucomagus of Ravennas, derives its name from the Saxon Beeguyn, or Bedgwyn, expressive of its situation on an eminence in a chalky soil. It was anciently a city of great extent, and the metropolis of Cissa, one of the three sons of ^Ella, the Saxon chieftain, who invaded Britain in 477 ; and Cissa, when viceroy of Wiltshire and part of Berkshire, is said to have en- larged and strengthened Chisbury Castle, now a noble relic of Saxon earthwork, about a mile to the north-east Arms. B E D W B E E B of the town, in the parish of Little Bedwin. In 674, a battle was fought here between Wiilfhere, King of Mercia, and Esenin, a nobleman in the service of Sax- burga, Queen of Wessex, in which, after a desperate struggle, the latter was victorious. The parish com- prises by measurement 9353 acres of land, chiefly arable, with a good quantity of wood, » and some pasture and down j the soil consists principally of good mellow earth, resting on chalk 5 the surface presents numerous softly-rounded eminences, crowned with luxuriant plan- tations overhanging the picturesque valleys ; and to the south the hills rise higher, and stretch towards Salisbury Plain. The Kennet and Avon canal passes through the parish, and affords a medium for the con- veyance of excellent coal. The market is on Tuesday 3 and fairs are held on April 23rd and July 26th : the market-house is an ancient building situated in the principal street. A portreeve, who is cus- tomarily called mayor, a bailiff, and other officers, are annually chosen at the court leet of the lord of the manor. The borough sent representatives to all the parliaments of Edward I., from the close of whose reign to the 9th of Henry V., there were frequent in- termissions ; but since then Corporation Seal. it constantly returned two members, until its disfranchisement by the act of the 2nd of William IV., cap. 45. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8- 10. 10. j net income, £212 3 patron and impropriator. Marquess of Ailesbury. The Dean of Sarum exercises episcopal jurisdiction over the parish, and appoints a surrogate. The church, the only remaining one of seven which are said to have anciently existed here, appears to have been erected at various times, and exhibits good specimens in all the styles of architecture, from the Norman to the later English : it is a cruciform structure, with a lofty embattled tower rising from the intersection, and contains several ancient memorials, among which are the figure of a Knight Templar, and the monument of Sir John Seymour, father of the Protector Somerset, and of Lady Jane Seymour, consort of Henry VHl., who were born at Wolf Hall, now a farm-house, in the parish. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A school for the instruction of ten boys was endowed in 1825, by William Cox, who bequeathed £8 per annum 3 and Sir Andrew Hungerford, in 1694, left an annuity of £10 for apprenticing poor boys. A national school has been built at an expense of about £250. Half a mile to the north-east are some vestiges of a Roman building, now scarcely discoverable 3 and a fine tessel- lated pavement was preserved till within the last few years. Dr. Thomas Willis, a celebrated physician, was born here in 1621. BEDWIN, LITTLE {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Hungerford, hundred of Kinwardstone, Marlborough and Ramsbury, and S. divisions of Wilts, 4^ miles (W. S. W.) from Hungerford 3 containing 597 inhabitants. This place, in some documents called East Bedwyn, is intersected by the Bath and Bristol 190 road, and by the Kennet and Avon canal, and com- prises by measurement 4204 acres of good arable and pasture land. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9. 6. 8., and in the gift of the Marquess of Ailesbury : the tithes have been commuted for rent-charges of £33. 10. and £256. 12., the former payable to his lordship, and the latter to the incumbent. The Dean of Sarum exercises episcopal jurisdiction in the parish, and appoints a surrogate. The church is a handsome structure in the decorated and later English styles, with a square embattled tower, surmounted by an octagonal spire. Within the mounds of Chisbury Castle, comprising an area of fifteen acres, are the remains of a chapel, now used as a barn : the spot is said to have derived its name from Cissa, a Saxon chieftain, who resided here during the early period of the heptarchy, and the chapel is supposed to have belonged to some religious house established at an early period, of which the history is not known. The ancient Wansdyke traverses the parish in a direction nearly east and west. BED WORTH {All Saints), a parish, in the Kirby division of the hundred of Knightlow, N. division, of the county of Warwick, 5 miles (N. by E.) from Coven- try 3 containing 4253 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Coventry to Leicester, and comprises 2157o^. 2r. 38p., of which the soil is fertile, and the substrata are chiefly coal, iron-stone, and limestone 3 the rate- able annual value of the mining property being returned at £1116. There are two collieries in operation 3 iron- stone is exported in great quantities, and limestone is extensively quarried, and burnt into lime. The throw- ing of silk, also, and manufacture of ribbons, are carried on, employing from 1500 to 2000 hands. The Coventry and the Ashby-de-la-Zouch canals unite in the parish, and from the principal colliery a tram- road has been laid down for the conveyance of the produce 3 the rateable annual value of the canal pro- perty ill the parish is £1273. Fairs for cattle are held, but they are not much frequented. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 3. II5., and in the gift of the Earl of Aylesford : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £270, and the glebe comprises 200 acres. The church, in the year 1827, underwent a thorough repair, and was consider- ably enlarged. There are places of worship for Baptists, Independents, and Wesleyans. The Rev. Nicholas Chamberlain, a former rector, left for charitable pur- poses, by will dated June 24th, 1715, property now producing about £1000 per annum, to be applied to the erection of schools and almshouses : upwards of 500 children are taught on the national plan under the will 3 and twelve aged men, and the same number of women, with a nurse to attend them, are lodged in the houses. BEEBY {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Barrow-upon-Soar, hundred of East Goscote, N. division of the county of Leicester, 6 miles (N. E. by E.) from Leicester 3 containing 115 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 1418 acres, of which 219 are arable, and the remainder pasture. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £15. 2. 6., and in the gift of the Earl of Shaftesbury : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £300, and the glebe consists of 34 acres, with an excellent residence. B E E D BEEF The church is a handsome structure in the decorated English style, with a square embattled tower, sur- mounted by about 10 feet of a spire, which was com- menced, but not completed. A school is supported by the rector. BEECH, a liberty, in the parishes of Stone and SwiNNERTON, uuion of Stone, N. and S. divisions of the hundred of Pirehill, N. division of the county of Stafford ; containing 120 inhabitants. BEECHAMWELL, a district, comprising the parish of All Saints, and the united parishes of St. John and St. Mary, in the union of Swaffham, hun- dred of Clackclose, W. division of Norfolk, 5 miles (W. S. W.) from Swaffham j containing 24.6 inhabitants. The district consists of 3813 acres, of which about 2000 are rabbit warren, the whole the property of J. Mot- teux. Esq., lord of the manor. The living of All Saints is a discharged rectory, with that of Shingham annexed, valued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 4., and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £98, ^nd the glebe contains 3 acres : the church is a ruin. St. John’s and St. Mary’s are discharged rectories consolidated, valued jointly at £9. 13. 4. 5 net income, £191; patron, Mr. Motteux. The church of St, John’s was taken down many years since 5 that of St. Mary’s is an ancient structure, thoroughly repaired in 1835. A school was erected by Mr. Motteux, in 1835. BEECH-HILL, a tything, in the parish of Strat- field-Saye, union of Basingstoke, hundred of Reading, county of Berks, 6 miles (S. by W.) from Reading; containing 26 1 inhabitants, and comprising 81 la. 18p. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists. BEECHING, or Beauchamp-Stoke {St. Ste- phen), a parish, in the union of Devizes, hundred of Swanboroegh, Devizes and N. divisions of Wilts, 5j miles (E. by S.) from Devizes; containing 187 inhabitants. It is situated between the Marlborough downs and Salis- bury plain, and comprises about 800 acres of well-culti- vated land, of which the soil consists of clay and sandy loam, and a dark rich mould. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7.2. 11., and in the gift of George Wylde Heneage, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £285, and there are 30 acres of glebe. On recently opening a tumulus, a con- siderable quantity of stags’ horns and human bones was discovered. BEEDING (St. Peter), a parish, partly in the union of Steyning, and partly in that of Horsham, hundred of Burbeach, rape of Bramber, W. division of Sussex ; comprising Upper and Lower Beeding, and containing 1389 inhabitants, of whom 614 are in the former, 1 mile (E.) from Steyning, and 771 in the latter. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8 ; net income, £1 12 ; patrons and impro- priators, President and Fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford. The church consists of a nave and chancel, separated by a screen, with a low embattled tower at the west end, and seems to have had formerly a snuth aisle, as there are two arches remaining in the south wall. Schools are conducted on the national plan. An alien priory of Benedictine monks was founded a!bout 1075^ the revenue of which, amounting to £26. 9. 9., was given to the Magdalen College, in 1459 : it stood 191 on the brow of a high bank on the north side of the church, but every vestige of the, buildings was removed about fifty years since, when the rectory-house was built upon its site. A large tumulus was opened on Beeding Hill in 1800, in which more than 100 Roman urns were found. BEEDING, LOWER, an ecclesiastical district, in the parish of Beeding, union of Horsham, hun- dred of Burbeach, W. division of Sussex, 4 miles (E. S. E.) from Horsham ; containing 775 inhabitants. This place, which comprises the forest of St. Leonard and the estate called New Park, is intersected by a branch of the river Arun which has its source within the forest near Ashfold. Iron-stone is found, and building- stone of excellent quality is plentiful, and extensively quarried. In 1840 a church was erected at Plummer’s plain, on the road from Handscross to Horsham, by sub- scription, aided by a grant from the Incorporated Society ; it is a neat edifice, and contains about 200 sittings, of which one-half are free. The living is endowed with a rent-charge on land of £135, and is in the gift of the President and Fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford, who have built a handsome parsonage-house, attached to which are 20 acres of land. A chapel, dedicated to St. John, was erected on the Coolhurst estate in 1839, at the expense of Charles Scrase Dickins, Esq., who also gave the site which includes an extensive cemetery. The celebrated Lord Erskine resided for many years at Holmebush. BEEDON (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Wantage, hundred of Faircross, county of Berks, 2 miles (S. W. by W-) frorn East Ilsley ; containing, with the tything of Stanmore, 334 inhabitants, and comprising 2026a. 1?-. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 10. 10. : the tithes have been commuted for £171 per annum, of which £27 are payable to Sir J. Reade, Bart., the patron, and £144 to the incumbent, who has also 28^ acres of glebe. BEEFORD (St. Leonard), a parish, chiefly in the union of Driffield, but with portions in the unions of Bridlington and Skirlaugh, N. division of the wapentake of Holderness, E. riding of York ; com- prising the townships of Beeford and Dunnington, and the chapelry of Lissett, and containing 977 inhabitants, of whom 766 are in the township of Beeford, 8 miles (E. S. E.) from Great Driffield. This place is of con- siderable antiquity, it being recorded in Domesday book that there was a church here at the time of that survey ; and this church was given, within a century after the Conquest to the priory of Bridlington, by Ernald de Montbegun. The parish is on the road from Hull, through Beverley, to Bridlington and Scarborough, and comprises about 4000 acres, of which 897 are pas- ture, 120 woodland, and the remainder arable. The village is long and straggling, and on the road towards Upton are many small garths or inclosures, where foun- dations of houses seem formerly to have existed. The LIVING is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £22, and in the patronage of the Archbishop of York, with a net income of £779 : the tithes of Beeford township were commuted for land and a money payment in I766. The church, which stands nearly in the centre of the village, is a spacious edifice, in a rich style of architecture, and consists of a nave, south aisle, aad chancel, with a tower, which is of hands.pme appearance, and presents a BEER BEER good specimen of the later Englishi At Lissett is a chapel of ease> dedicated to St. James : it is a small building ofancient date ; those parts that remain unal- tered being, probably, of the twelfth, or the early part of the thirteenth century. A rectory-house was built a few years since. There are places of worship for Inde- pendents and Wesley ans 5 and a school is conducted on the national plan. An experiment has been made here of the allotment system, with about ^0 acres of land divided into 68 gardens, and the advantages derived from the plan have been very great. BEE LEY, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Bakewell, hundred of High Peak, N. division of the county of Derby, 4 miles (E. by S.) from Bakewell 5 containing 406 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £98 j patron, Duke of Devonshire j impropriator, Duke of Rutland : land and a money payment were assigned in lieu of all tithes in 1811. The chapel is dedicated to St. Anne. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 5 and a school is endowed with £10 per annum from the Duke of Devonshire. BEELSBY (St. Andrew)^ a parish, in the union of Caistor, wapentake of Bradley-Haverstoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 7 miles (S. W.) from Grimsby; containing 181 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 2200 acres, and contains some chalk-quar- ries, which are chiefly used for roads and lime. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 17. 6., and in the patronage of the Chapter of the Collegiate Church of Southwell ; net income, £450 : the glebe consists of about half an acre. BEENHAM-YALLENCE (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Bradfield, hundred of Reading, county of Berks, 8 miles (W. S. W.) from Reading ; containing 421 inhabitants. It comprises 1732a. If. 14p., and is bordered on the south by the Kennet and Avon canal. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 17*5 net income, £211; patron and incumbent, Rev. John Bushnel ; impropriator. Sir C. Rich, Bart. : the tithes were commuted for land and corn-rents in 1811. The Rev. J. Stackhouse, author of the History of the Bible, was vicar of the place, and was interred in the church, in which there is a monu- ment to his memory. BEER, a chapelry, in the parish of Seaton, union of Axminster, hundred of Colyton, Honiton and S. divisions of Deyon, 3^ miles (S. S. W.) from Colyton ; containing 1231 inhabitants. The Cove of Beer is highly favourable for fishing, and in 1820, Lord Rolle obtained an act for constructing a pier and improving the harbour. Edward Colston bequeathed land, produ- cing about £500 a year, for maintaining and teaching 100 boys of Idstock and Beer. Lady Rolle left £7000 three per cents., for charitable purposes, from which fund almshouses for twenty-five poor fishermen and twenty infirm widows, and schools, have been erected and endowed. BEER, a tything, in the parish of High Ham, union of Langport, hundred of Whitley, W. division of Somerset; containing 45 inhabitants. BEER- ALSTON, formerly a borough and market- town, in the parish of Beer-Ferris, union of Tavis- tock, hundred of Roborotjgh, Tavistock and S. divi- sions of Devon, 14 miles (N.) from Plymouth, and 211 (W. S. W.) from London. This place, about the year 192 1295, received the grant of a weekly market and an annual fair, which have been for a considerable time dis- continued. It is pleasantly situated within a mile of the navigable river Tamar, but consists only of a few mean houses. Some lead-mines, opened in the reign of Ed- ward I., produced abundance of ore, from which a great quantity of silver was separated ; after a long period of disuse they were again worked, but their produce had greatly diminished. A portreeve and other officers are annually chosen at the court leet of the lord of the manor, which is held under a large tree, where also the election of the parliamentary representatives took place. The elective franchise was conferred in the 27th of Elizabeth, since which time the borough returned two members until its disfranchisement by the act of the 2nd of William IV., cap. 45. There was formerly a chapel of ease to the rectory of Beer-Ferris. The Inde- pendents and Wesleyans have places of worship. BEER- CRO COM BE (St. James), a parish, in the union of Langport, hundred of Abdick and Bulstone, W. division of Somerset, 6 miles (N. W. by N.) from Ilminster ; containing 179 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 12. 6., and in the gift of Col. Wyndham : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £185, and there are 56 acres of glebe. BEER-FERRIS (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Tavistock, hundred of Roborough, Tavistock and S. divisions of Devon, 7| miles (S. by W.) from Tavistock ; containing, with the borough of Beer- Al- ston, 2142 inhabitants. The parish is bounded on the west by the navigable river Tamar, and on the east by the Tavey, which unite at its southern extremity, and fall into the English Channel on the western side of Devonport, thus forming almost a peninsula, twenty- five miles in circumference ; the scenery is beautifully diversified with hill and dale. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £24. 1. 0|. ; net income, £700; patron. Viscount Valletort. There is a school endowed with £30 per annum. BEER-HACKET (St. Michael), a parish, in the union and hundred of Sherborne, Sherborne division of Dorset, 5 miles (S. W. by S.) from Sherborne ; con- taining 103 inhabitants, and comprising 907 acres. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 2. 8|., and in the gift of the Rev. John Munden and W. Helyer, Esq., the latter of whom has every fourth presentation : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £164, and the glebe consists of 38 acres. BEER-REGIS (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Wareham and Purbeck, hundred of Beer-Regis, Wareham division of Dorset, 7 miles (N. W.) from Wareham, and 113 (S. W.) from London ; comprising the tythings of Milbourn-Styleham, and Shitterton ; and containing 1684 inhabitants. This place, which is supposed by Dr. Stukeley to have been the Ibernium of Ravennas, derives its name from the Saxon Byrig, and the adjunct from its having been held in royal demesne. Elfrida, after the murder of her step- son, is said to have retired hither to avoid suspicion ; and King John, who occasionally made this his resi- dence, granted the inhabitants the privilege of a market, in the seventeenth year of his reign. Edward I. made it a free borough, but it does not appear to have ever BEES BEES returned any members to parliament. A great part of the town was destroyed by fire in 1634 : it experienced a similar calamity in 17SS, and, in 1817, another de- structive fire occurred, in which the parish registers were burnt. The parish comprises about 6000 acres, consisting of arable land, lying on chalk, and of which the surface is in general hilly. The town is pleasantly situated on the small river Beer ) the houses, in general, are modern and well built, and the inhabitants are amply supplied with water. The market was on Wed- nesday, but has fallen into disuse : a fair is held. Sept. 18th and the four following days, on Woodbury Hill, for horses, horned-cattle, sheep, cloth, and cheese. The LIVING which, in conjunction with Charmouth, formerly constituted the golden prebend in the cathedral of Salisbury, is a vicarage, with Winterbourne-Kingston annexed, valued in the king’s books at £25. 5., with a net income of £330, and in the gift of I. S. W. S. E. Drax, Esq., to whom also the impropriation of Beer- Regis belongs ; impropriators of Winterbourne-Kingston, E. M. Pleydell, Esq., and others. The great tithes of Beer- Regis have been commuted for a rent- charge of £820. 7- 6., and the vicarial for one of £305. 2. 6. The church is a spacious ancient structure, with a square embattled tower crowned with pinnacles. There are places of worship for Independents and Wesleyans. A charity school was founded and endowed by Thomas Williams, Esq., in 1719 3 the annual income is about £20. On Woodbury Hill, about half a mile from the town, is a circular camp, comprehending an area of ten acres 5 and to the west of it are the site of the ancient chapel of Sancta Anchoretta, and a well, called Anchoret’s well. Dr. John Moreton, Archbishop of Canterbury, and a cardinal, and Dr. Tuberville, Bishop of Exeter, were natives of the place. BEERHALL, a tything, in the parish, union, and hundred of Axminster, Honiton and S. divisions of Devon. BEES, ST. (St. Bega), a parish, in the union of Whitehaven, Allerdale ward above Derwent, W. division of Cumberland^ comprising the town of Whitehaven, and the townships of St. Bees, Ennerdale, Eskdale, Wasdale-Head, Hensingham, Kinneyside, Low- side Quarter, Nether Wasdale, Preston Quarter, Rot- tington, Sandwith, and Weddiker; and containing 19,687 inhabitants, of whom 557 are in the township of St. Bees, 2f miles (W. by N.) from Egremont. The parish extends for about ten miles along the coast, which in some parts is rocky and precipitous, and con- tains coal, limestone, and freestone 3 lead- ore is ob- tained at Kinneyside, where there are smelting-furnaces ; and iron-ore was formerly got in Eskdale. A lighthouse, erected in 1717, and subsequently destroyed by fire, was rebuilt in 1822, on a promontory called St. Bees’ Head, and is furnished with nine reflectors, affording a strong light, which, from its elevated position, is seen at a great distance. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net in- come, £103 3 patron and impropriator, Earl of Lonsdale. The church w^as formerly the conventual church of a monastery, founded about 650, by Bega, or Begogh, an Irish female, who subsequently received the honour of canonization. The monastery was destroyed by the Danes, but was restored in the reign of Henry, I., by William de Meschines, lord of Copeland, as a cell to the abbey of St. Mary at York 3 and in 1219 it was VoL. I. — 193 pillaged by the Scots. Its revenue, at the Dissolution, was estimated at £149. 19. 6. The church is cruciform, having a strong tower of early Norman architecture, but the rest of the edifice is in the decorated Enslish o style : the nave is used for the celebration of divine service 3 and the chancel, which had long lain in a ruin- ous state, was repaired in 1819, and fitted up as a school of divinity, in connexion with a clerical institution, founded by Dr. Law, a late bishop of Chester, for the benefit of young men intended for holy orders, who do not complete their studies at Oxford or Cambridge, but receive ordination after having studied for a certain period at this place 3 they can, however, only enter upon their ministry within the province of York. In addition to this, there is a celebrated Free Grammar school, founded by letters-patent, dated April 24th, 1583, ob- tained by Edmund Grindall, Archbishop of Canterbury, whereby its management is entrusted to a corporation of seven governors, of whom the provost of Queen’s College, Oxford, and the rector of Egremont, are always two, the former enjoying the privilege of nomi- nating the master, who chooses an usher. The annual income, arising from land, is £1253 and the school enjoys the advantage of a fellowship, and two scholar- ships at Queen’s College, Oxford, with the privilege of sending a candidate to be examined for one of five exhibitions, founded at the same college by Lady Eliza- beth Hastings 3 a fellowship and three scholarships at Pembroke College, Cambridge 3 a scholarship of £4 a year at Magdalen College, Cambridge 3 and, in failure of scholars from the school at Carlisle, eligibility to two exhibitions founded by Bishop Thomas, at Queen’s College, Oxford. BEESBY, formerly a distinct parish, now united to Hawerby, in the union of Caistor, wapentake of Bradley Haverstoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, S:|: miles (N. W. by N.) from Louth 3 contain- ing 43 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, consolidated with that of Hawerbv : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £221. I7. 7., and there are nearly 44 acres of glebe. BEESBY-IN-THE-MARSH (St. Andrew), a pa- rish, in the union of Louth, Wold division of the hundred of Calceworth, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 3j miles (N. hy E.) from Alford 3 containing 157 inhabitants. It comprises 1169«. 2r. 20p., of which 627 acres are arable, 518 meadow and pasture, and 26 woodland and plantations : the surface is slightly va- ried, and the scenery of pleasing character 3 the soil is a silty clay. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 10. 2^,, and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £212. 17., and the glebe comprises 42 acres. The church was nearly rebuilt in 1840, at an expense of £300, chiefly by subscription, aided by a parochial rate. BEESTON, a hamlet, partly in the parish of North ill, and partly in that of Sandy, union of Big- gleswade, hundred of Wixamtree, county of Bed- EORP, 3 miles (N. N. W.) from Biggleswade 3 containing 406 inhabitants. BEESTON, a township, in the parish of Bun bury, union of Nantwich, First division of the hundred of Eddisbury, S. division of the county of Chester, 3f miles (S. S. W.) from Tarporley 3 containing 428 inha- bitants. This place takes its name from a castle BEES BEES founded by Ranulph de Blandeville^, about 12’20, which was made a royal garrison in the war between Henry III. and the confederate barons. In 1643^ the castle was held by a detachment of the parliamentarian forces, but was subsequently taken by the royalists, who, after sus- taining a protracted siege in 1645, were compelled, from want of provisions, to surrender it to the parliament- arians, by whom it was demolished early in the follow- ing year. The remains occupy an eminence overlooking the Yale Royal, and consist of part of a tower, which guarded the principal entrance to the inner court, flanked by semicircular bastions, and surrounded by a moat excavated in the solid rock : the outer walls were defended by eight round towers irregularly placed, and now covered with ivy. BEESTON {St. Andkew), a parish, in the union of St. Faith’s, hundred of Taverham, E. division of Norfolk, 4 miles (N. N. E.) from Norwich j containing 46 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 6^2 acres, of which 404 are arable, 137 pasture, and 81 woodland •, and is intersected by the road from Nor- wich to North Walsham. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £3. 6. S. : net income, £217j patron, F. R. Reynolds, Esq. There are some slight remains of the church, which was destroyed two or three centuries since. Beeston Old Hall, built in I6l0, is a fine specimen of ancient domestic archi- tecture. BEESTON {St. Lawrence), a parish, in the Tun- stead and Happing incorporation, hundred of Tun- stead, E. division of Norfolk, 10 miles (E. N. E.) from Norwich 5 containing 48 inhabitants, and comprising 518a. Ir. 2p. Beeston Hall, a Gothic mansion in a small park, has long been the residence of the Prestons, one of whom, Jacob Preston, 4*eceived an emerald ring, still preserved in the family, from Charles I., when upon the scaffold, as a last tribute of affection. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6, and in the gift of Sir J. H. Preston, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £136, and there are 31 acres of glebe. The church was nearly re- built by the late Sir Thomas Preston. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BEESTON {St. Mary), a parish, in the mnion of Mitford and Launditch, hundred of Launditch, W. division of Norfolk, 2 miles (S. S. E.) from Litcham j containing 661 inhabitants. This place is supposed to have been formerly of some importance, the foundations of houses having been discovered in various parts. The parish comprises 2064a. 3r. 7p-j of which 1529 acres are arable, 453 pasture, 10 woodland and plantations, and the remainder gardens and roads. The living is a dis- charged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13, and in the patronage of the Rev. C. B. Barnwell, lord of the manor : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £543, and the glebe comprises about 25 acres, with a house. The church is in the later English style. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A school is partly supported by endowment 3 and 20 acres of land were allotted to the poor at the in closure in 1814. BEESTON {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Basford, S. division of the wapentake of Broxtow, N. division of the county of Nottingham^ 3f miles (S. W. by W.) from Nottingham ; containing, with the hamlet of Beeston-Ryelands, 2807 inhabitants. 194 It is bounded on the south-east by the river Trent, and comprises about 1500 acres, the soil of which is light, and lies on gravel. The inhabitants are principally em- ployed in the manufacture of hosiery and lace, and a large silk-mill has recently been erected. A branch of the Nottingham canal, called Beeston Cut, crosses the parish on the south-east, to its junction with the Trent. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £4. 15. 3 net income, £257 5 patron, Duke of Devonshire 3 impropriators. Lord Middleton and B. Strey, Esq. : the tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in I8O6. Considerable portions of a Roman road, uniting with the old Coventry road,” in the adjoining parish of Attenborough, and the remains of an ancient building, are discernible. There are some wells in the village, the water of which is slightly chaly- beate. BEESTON, a chapelry, in the parish of St. Peter, within the liberty of the borough ot Leeds, and locally in the wapentake of Morlev, W. riding of York, 2 miles (S. W. by S.) from Leeds 3 consisting of 5 town- ships, and containing 2175 inhabitants. This chapelry comprises by computation 1409 acres ; the surface is varied, rising into eminences of considerable elevation_, and the scenery is pleasingly diversified 3 the substratum abounds with coal of good quality, which has been wrought for more than two centuries, and of which several mines are still in operation. Beeston Hall, the ancient manor-house, is the seat of William Wilkes Hill, Esq., one of the lords of the manor 3 Beeston Park, the residence of James Leather, Esq., is finely situated, and Cross Flatts House, that of Joseph Rogers, Esq., is a good mansion. The village is on an eminence commanding a view of the town of Leeds, and the surrounding country 3 the air is remarkably salu- brious, and several of the houses are neatly built : the inhabitants are chiefly employed in the collieries and in the woollen manufactures, which are carried on to a great extent in the vicinity. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the incumbency of the Rev. Joseph Wardle, and patronage of the Yicar of Leeds, with a net income of £189, and a glebe-house. The chapel, dedicated to St. Mary, is an ancient structure in the early English style, of which, notwithstanding numerous alterations and repairs, it still retains some well-executed details,, and in the east window are some remains of stained glass. A pewter flagon and a plate of the same mate- rial have been used in the celebration of the Communion ever since the reign of Richard 1. 3 the cup is of silver, very ancient in form, hut without a date. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and some small be- quests are distributed among the poor. BEESTON-REGIS {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Erpingham, hundred of North Erpingham^ E. division of Norfolk, 3 miles (W. N. W.) from Cro- mer 3 containing 265 inhabitants. The parish comprises 822a. Ir. \7p., of which 526 acres are arable, 54 mea- dow, 21 woodland, and the remainder heath and com- mon 3 the surface is undulated, and the soil clayey and sandy. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £16, and in the patronage of the Crown, in. right of the duchy of Lancaster : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £135 3 the glebe origi- nally consisted of 21 acres, all of which have been washed away by the sea, excepting 4^ acres. The church B EE T BELA is chiefly in the decorated English style, with a square embattled tower 3 on the south side of the chancel are two sediliaof stone, and a piscina 3 and in the north aisle is an altar-tomb, with effigies in brass. A school was erected in 1836. Here are some remains, consisting chiefly of the west end of the church, with a small tower, and part of the chapter-house of a priory of Augustine canons, founded in the reign of John, by Lady Isabel de Cressey, and the revenue of which, at the Dissolution, was £50. 6. 4. BEETHAM {St, Michael), a parish, in the union and ward of Kendal, county of Westmorland 3 con- taining, with the townships of Beetbam, Earleton, Ha- verbrack, Methop with Ulpha, and Witherslack, 1656 inhabitants, of whom 845 are in the township of Beetham, 3 miles (N. W. by W.) from Burton-in-Kendal. The parish comprises by computation 12,000 acres, and consists of lofty mountains, situated at the south- western extremity of the county, on both sides of the estuary of the river Kent, which is navigable for small craft as far as the hamlet of Storth, and on the shore of which are two wharfs, where slate and other articles are shipped for various ports on the western coast. The .Kendal and Lancaster canal, the river Belo, and some smaller streams, also intersect the parish, through which a new road was formed between Lancaster and Ulver- stone, about 1820. The sands are well adapted for bathing, though the place is not much resorted to for that purpose. There is a manufactory for paper and pasteboard at the village, and limestone abounds within the parish. The LIVING is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13. 7. 4., and in the patronage of the Crown, in right of the duchy of Lancaster 3 net income, £1595 impropriator, G. Wilson, Esq. : the glebe con- sists of about 68 acres. A grammar school, built about 1663, and rebuilt in 1827, has an endov\^ment of £40 per annum, arising from land 5 and a school, commenced in 1830, is partly supported by charity. Near the gram- ,mar school-house stood an ancient chapel, dedicated to St. John, where human bones have frequently been dug up : the site has been converted into a garden. Beetham Hall, formerly a fortified mansion, situated within a spacious park, is now in ruins 3 and at a short distance to the south are the ruins of Helslack and Arnside -towers, which were probably erected to guard the bay of .Morecambe, there being remains of similar towers on the opposite shore. In digging a grave near one of the pillars in the nave of the church, in Aug. 1 834, upwards .of 100 silver coins, chiefly of the reigns of William the Conqueror, and his son William Rufus, with a few of Edward the Confessor and Canute the Dane, were dis- covered, in a fine state of preservation. BEETLE Y (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Mitford and Launditch, hundred of Launditch, W. division of Norfolk, 3 miles (N. by W.) from East Dereham 5 containing 394 inhabitants. The parish, into which a portion of the ancient parish of Bittering has merged, comprises about 2200 acres. The living is a discharged rectory, annexed to East Bilney, and valued in the king’s books at £9. 7. 11. 5 net income, £387 5 patron, John Collison, Esq. The church is chiefly in the decorated English style, with a square tower 3 on the south side of the chancel is a piscina of good design. 195 BEGBROOK {St. Michael), a parish, in the dnion of Woodstock, hundred of Wootton, county of Ox- ford, 2^ miles (S. E. by S.) from Woodstock 3 contain- ing 110 inhabitants, and comprising 609^i. 2r. 39p. The living is a rectory not in charge, in the patronage of Brasenose College, Oxford : the tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £145, and there are 3/ acres of glebe. The church is in the Norman style, of which it contains some good details. A school is partly supported by subscription. A little westward from the church is an ancient military work, called Round Castle. BEGGARMONDS, a hamlet, in the township of Buckden, parish of Arncliffe, E. division of the wapentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York. This place is remarkable for its remote and almost inaccessible situation, near the source of the river Wharfe. It takes its name from a rivulet called Beckur, and was once a lodge for the keepers of Buck- den forest, during the time of the Percys 5 in ancient documents it is designated a lodge in a vast wilder- ness,” and in 1499 consisted of four tenements only, the number of which is not much greater at the present day. BRIGHTON (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Rotherham, hundred of Scarsdale, N. division of the county of Derby, 6 miles (E. S. E.) from Sheffield 3 containing 1121 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the banks of the river Rother, comprises by measurement 3009 acres, and contains several coal- mines, belonging to Earl Man vers 3 stone is quarried for building and for mending roads, and the manufacture of scythes is carried on in the hamlet of Hackenthorpe. The North-Midland railway passes through the parish, and has a small station here. The living is a discharged vicarage, endowed with some rectorial tithes of Hacken- thorpe, and valued in the king’s books at £6. 11. 10|. 3 net income, £250 3 patron, Earl Manvers : the tithes were commuted for land and corn-rents in 1796, and the glebe consists of about 36 acres, with a parsonage- house. The church is internally very neat, and was re- pewed in 181 6 3 on a beam of the roof is a date, sup- posed to be 1100. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans at Hackenthorpe. In 1666, William Jessop bequeathed land, producing about £14 per annum, for apprenticing children, and other charitable purposes 3 and a school has an endowment of about £5 per annum. Some ancient earth -w^orks on the east bank of the Rother, about half a mile from Beighton, are thought to have formed part of a Roman station.— See article on Hackenthorpe. BEIGHTON {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Blofield, hundred of Walsham, E. division of Nor- folk, 2 miles (S. W. by S.) from Acle 3 comprising 1016a. SJp.j and containing 288 inhabitants. The liv- ing is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13, and in the gift of R. Fellowes, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £420, and there are 10 acres of glebe. The church, chiefly in the decorated style, consists of a nave, chancel, and south aisle, with a low square tower, and contains remains of a carved screen. BEIGHTON, county of Suffolk. — ^S ee Beyton. BELAUGH {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Aylsham, hundred of South Erpingham, E. division of Norfolk, if mile (S. E.) from Coltishall 5 contain- 2 C 2 B EL C B E L F ing l6l inhabitants. It comprises 854a. 3r. 18p., of which 647 acres are arable, 182 pasture and meadow, and 21 water. The village is picturesquely situated on the summit and side of an abrupt acclivity, which rises within a semicircular curve of the river Bure. The liv- ing is a discharged rectory, with the vicarage of Scot- tow consolidated, valued in the king’s books at £6 5 patron. Bishop of Norwich. The tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £222, and there are 2 acres of glebe, with a small houses a rent-charge of £12. 5. is also payable to the rector out of the parish of Hove- ton, St. John. The church was thoroughly repaired in 1831. A school is chiefly supported by the rector. BELBANK, a township, in the parish of Bew- CASTLE, union of Longtown, Eskdale ward, E. divi- sion of Cumberland ; containing 445 inhabitants. There are collieries and lime- works at Oakshaw, in the township. BELBANK, a township, in the parish of Staple- ton, union of Longtown, Eskdale ward, E. division of Cumberland, 9 miles (N.) from Brampton 3 con- taining 124 inhabitants. BELBROUGHTON {Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Bromsgrove, Lower division of the hun- dred of Halfshire, Stourbridge and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, 5 miles (N. W. by N.) from Bromsgrove 5 containing 1765 inhabitants. The parish is divided into the manors of Belbroughton, Brian’s Bell, Fairfield, and Broomhill ; and is bounded on the north by a detached portion of Staffordshire and a part of Salop : it comprises 4733 acres, and is intersected by the road from Bromsgrove to Stourbridge. The manufacture of hay-knives and scythes is carried on extensively 3 and fairs take place on the last Monday in April, and the Monday before St. Luke’s- day. A sheriff’s court, for the recovery of small debts, is held on the third Wednesday in every month. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19 ; net in- come, £1244 3 patrons. President and Fellows of St. John’s College, Oxford. There is an endowment of about £10 per annum for the instruction of children. BELBY, a township, in the parish and union of Howden, wapentake of How^denshire, E. riding of York, 1^ mile (E. by N.) from Howden 3 containing 58 inhabitants. It is situated on the road between How- den and Balkholme, and comprises by computation 440 acres of land, laid out in two farms. BELCHAMP-OTTON (^r. Ethelbert and All Saints), a parish, in the union of Sudbury, hundred of Hinckford, N. division of Essex, miles (N. by E.) from Castle- Hedingham 3 containing 389 inhabitants. This place derives the adjunct to its name from an ancient possessor called Otton, or Otho, who held it in the reign of Henry II., and whose descendant, Otho Fitz-William, was sheriff of Essex and Hertfordshire for several successive years. ^The parish, which contains some of the highest land in the county, comprises about 1600 acres, the soil of which is of a clayey quality. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12, and in the gift of the Rev. Edward Maude : the appro- priate tithes belonging to the rector of Ovington have been commuted for a rent-charge of £76. 15., and the vicarial for one of £443. 5.3 and there are 31 acres of glebe, of which 30 are annexed to Ovington. The church, a small edifice, was repaired in 1800, when a handsome 196 tower was erected on the site of part of a more ancient structure of Norman character. BELCHx\MP, ST. PAUL’S (St. a parish, in the union of Sudbury, hundred of Hinckford, N. division of Essex, 3 miles (S. E. by E.) from Clare 3 con- taining 731 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 2557 acres, and, like the parishes of Belchamp-Otton and Bel champ- Walter, obtained its Norman appellation in consequence of its fertility and the beauty of its situa- tion 5 it was granted by Athelstan to the cathedral of St. Paul, London, by the Dean and Chapter of which it is still possessed. The village consists of a few houses round Cole Green, on w’hich a fair for cattle is held on the 11th of December. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £14 3 patrons and appropriators, the Dean and Chapter : the great tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £288. 14.. and the vicarial for one of £200 3 and there are 79 acres of glebe. The church is a handsome edifice, in the later English style, and consists of a nave, north aisle, chancel, and square tower 3 in the chancel is a large window of ^elegant design, embellished with stained glass. BELCHAMP-WALTER (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Sudbury, hundred of Hinckford, N, division of Essex, 4 miles (W.) from Sudbury 3 con- taining, with North-Wood and North- End, extra-paro- chial, 698 inhabitants. It is skirted on the south-east by a small brook, which separates it from the parish of Bulmer, and falls into the river Stour : the Hall, situated near the church, is a spacious mansion, of modern erection, and contains many stately apartments, and a splendid collection of paintings by the first masters. The living is a discharged vicarage, consolidated wdth that of Bulmer, and valued in the king’s books at £6 : the church is a handsome edifice, partly of stone and partly of brick, and consists of a nave and chancel, with a tower 3 the chancel contains a marble monument to the Raymond family, and there are also some remains of a very ancient monument to one of the earls of Essex. A national school was established in the year 1838. BELFORD (St. Mary), a parish, and the head of a union, partly in Islandshire, a detached portion of the county of Durham, but chiefly in the N. division of Bambrough w’ard, N. division of Northumberland 3 comprising the townships of Delchant, Easington, Ea- sington- Grange, Elwick, Middleton, and Ross 3 and containing 1789 inhabitants, of whom 1157 are in the market-town of Belford, 48 miles (N. by W.) from New- castle-upon-Tyne, and 318 (N. by W.) from London. The parish comprises about 7600 acres. The town is situated on a gentle eminence wdthin two miles of the sea, of which, and of Holy Island, the Fame Islands, and Bambrough Castle, there is a fine view from the high ground on the north : the foundations of an ancient chapel may still be traced on Belford crag. It has a very pleasing appearance, and consists prin- cipally of two spacious streets, intersected by a few narrow lanes 3 the houses are irregularly built 3 the inhabitants are amply supplied with water. The neighbourhood abounds with diversified scenery and agreeable walks. Belford is mainly indebted for its rise to the spirited exertions of Mr. Dixon, a former proprietor of the manor, who built several houses on a larger and more convenient scale, cleared away BELL BELL unsightly objects^ and established a woollen -manu- factory, a tannery, &c. : his father had previously pro- cured the privilege of holding a market and fairs. The parish abounds with coal, limestone, and freestone 5 and considerable quantities of cockles, called Budle cockles, are got upon the coast. The market is on Tuesday, and is noted for corn, much of which is sold for exportation 5 the fairs are on the Tuesday before Whitsuntide, and Aug. 23rd. The living is a perpetual curacy, endowed with 191 acres of land, in two distant parishes ^ net in- come, £147 j patron and impropriator. Rev. J. D. Clark. The church is at the north-western extremity of the town, and has been lately rebuilt in the early English style. There are places of w^orship for the United Seces- sion and Presbyterians. The poor law union of Belford comprises 34 townships, of which 33 are in the county of Northumberland, and one in the county of Durham, and contains a population of 6421. About a mile to the south-w'est of the town is a quadrilateral intrenchment, having an entrance on the north-east, and defended by a wide ditch and a double rampart : it is by some sup- posed to have been a stronghold, or place of security from the incursions of the Scots, during the border wars 5 by others it is thought to be of Danish origin. There are a few mineral springs. • BELGRAVE {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Barrow-upon-Soar, partly in the hundred of West Goscote, but chiefly in that of East Goscote, N. division of the county of Leicester, if mile (N. N. E.) from Leicester containing, with the chapelries of Bir- stal and North Thurmaston, 2609 inhabitants. During the civil wars, Belgrave was the scene of many skir- mishes between the royalist and parliamentarian forces ; and a field adjoining the village is called Camp close,” from part of the army under Prince Rupert having been there encamped, in 1645, at the siege of Leicester. The parish, which is situated on the mail-road to Manches- ter, and intersected by the navigable river Soar, and the Midland- Counties’ railway, comprises 1396 acres of arable and pasture land 3 the soil is in general light, and the substrata are chiefly gravel, sand, marl, and clay. The Leicester canal intersects the lordship. The in- habitants are principally employed by the hosiers of Leicester in the manufacture of stockings and socks, particularly the latter. The parish formerly comprised the chapelries of Birstal and South Thurmaston, of which the latter was severed from it in 1798 : the living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13. 6. 8.; net income, £146; patron. Bishop of Lichfield, to whom, in right of his see, belongs the rectory, worth about £1150 per annum. The glebe of the vicarage is 25 acres, with a house, erected in 1825. The church, a handsome and spacious structure, is chiefly in the deco- rated style of English architecture, with a square em- battled tower, and has a fine Norman doorway at the south entrance. There are places of worship for Bap- tists, Ranters, and Wesleyans ; and a national school was built in 1837. On the inclosure of the parish, a common containing 47 acres was set apart for the town cottagers not having a right of common ; and 23 acres, with several cottages and a house, were vested in trus- tees for the repair of the church. Here are traces of the Roman fosse-road leading to Newark and Lincoln. BELLASIS, a township, in the parish of Stanning- TON, union and W. division of Castle ward, S. division 197 of Northumberland, 6 miles (S. byE.) from Morpeth. The name, which has been variously written Beleasise, Belessys, Belasyse, &c., signifies '‘a handsome place,” but the spot does not now, whatever its past appearance may have been, bear out the title : it is in a low situation, sheltered with rising ground to the north, and has the Blyth before it, the winding waters of which are made deep and slow by the wears of Stannington mill. It was a manor belonging to Morpeth barony, and among those who have had an interest in the soil may be named the families of Somerville, Greystock, Thornton, and Bell. BELLASIZE, a township, in the parish of East- RiNGTGN, union of Howden, wapentake of Howden- SHiRE, E. riding of York, miles (E. by S.) from Howden ; containing, with the hamlet of Bennetland, 306 inhabitants. This place comprises by computation 1400 acres, and includes, besides Bennetland, the farm of Green Oak, one of the three Newland farms. The village is small and scattered, and situated south of the road leading from How^den to North Cave. The impro- priate tithes have been commuted for . a rent-charge of £82. 17. 6., and the vicarial for £4. 2. 1. BELLCHALWELL, a parish, in the union of Stur- MiNSTER, hundred of Cranborne, Sturrainster division of Dorset, 8 miles (W. N. W.) from Blandford-Forum ; containing 225 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, united in 1776 to the rectory of Fifehead- Neville, and valued in the king’s books at £7. 15. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £260, and there are 3 acres of glebe. BELLEAU {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Louth, Marsh division of the hundred of Calceworth, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 5 miles (N. W. by W.) from Alford ; containing, wuth the chapelryof Claythorpe, 193 inhabitants. The name {Belle eau) is derived from a fine stream of water, which issues from a chalk hill with considerable force. The living is a discharged rectory, to which the vicarage of Aby was united in 1732, valued in the king’s books at £13, 3. 9.; net income, £300; patron. Lord Wil- loughby de Eresby. BELLERBY, a chapelry, in the parish of Spenni- thorn, union of Leyburn, wapentake of Hang-West, N. riding of York, 13 miles (N. N. W.) from Bedale ; containing 350 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Richmond to Leyburn, and comprises 2917«.2r. 28p. The living is a perpetual curacy; net income, £70; pa- tron and impropriator, C. W^. C. Chaytor, Esq. ; the tithes were commuted for land in 1770. The chapel is a small edifice. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans ; and a school is carried on in union with the National Society. ^ELLESTER, a township, in the parish and union of Haltwhistle, W. division of Tindale ward, S. divi- sion of Northumberland, 16 miles (W. by S.) from Hexham; containing 1 16 inhabitants. The manor has, in common with other possessions in the neighbourhood, been the property of various families of consideration, and its history commences at an early period, it being conjectured that the family of Roos, of Hamlake, ob- tained it in marriage with Isabella, daughter of William the Lion, King of Scotland. Here are the ruins of a castle which once belonged to the Blenkinsopps, con- sisting of a grey pile of towers, with modern additions made in good taste by the present owner ; rich, flat> BEL L B E L P , alluvial ground surrounds the building on every side, and on the east and south its demesne lands are walled in with woody banks formed by the South Tyne river. The township comprises 7S5 acres, and contains the hamlet of Park 5 and there is a place of worship for Wesley ans. BELLINGDON, a hamlet, in the parish of Ches- HAM, union of Amersham, hundred of Burnham, county of Buckingham j containing 173 inhabitants. BELLINGHAM {St. Cuthbert), a parish, and the head of a union, in the N. W. division of Tin dale ward, S. division of Northumberland ; comprising the townships of Charlton East and West Quarters, Leemailing, The Nook, and Tarretburn Quarter 5 and containing 1/30 inhabitants, of whom 672 are in the market- town of Bellingham, 30 miles (W. N. W.) from Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and 298 (N. N. W.) from London. This place, from the remains of several camps appa- rently of Roman origin, is supposed to have been occu- pied by that people j but little of its early history is recorded, though the neighbourhood abounds with cir- cular intrenchments, and vestiges of British fortifica- .tions. The Lords de Bellingham are said to have had a castle, or baronial seat, here, erected on an eminence still called Hall Field, and of which there are some slight remains. In the reigns of Richard II. and Henry IV. the manor and castle were in the possession of .Richard de Bellingham; the estate afterwards became the property of the Earl of Derwentwater, upon whose attainder it was given to the Governors of Greenwich Hospital. The town is pleasantly situated on the northern bank of the North Tyne, between that river and a stream called Hareshaw-burn, over which, near the eastern extremity of the town, a good stone bridge was erected in 1826. The rocks on each side of the burn rise precipitously to the height of 100 feet, and the water at Hareshaw-linn has a perpendicular fall of thirty feet. The smelting of iron-ore has been recently introduced by the Hareshaw Company, who have erected furnaces for the purpose, and the works already afford • employment to 250 persons : many are also employed in the iron and coal mines, which are extensively worked ; and sandstone of good quality for building is also quar- ried. Fairs for cattle are held on the first Saturday after the 15th of September, and on the 12th of No- vember. This was formerly part of the extensive parish of Simonburn, which was divided into six distinct parishes by act of parliament in 18.11 ; it comprises by measure- ment 20,124 acres, of which from 7OOO to 8000 are moorland, abounding with grouse and other game. The LIVING is a rectory not in charge, in the patronage of the Governors of Greenwich Hospital : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £203, and there is a rectory-house, with gardens attached. The church is of great antiquity, and the only one of the district which has survived the Reformation : it is possible that the churches of the Northumbrian border were occasionally, like those of Cumberland, used as places of retreat in .cases of sudden attack from the marauding Scotch, and the thickness of the walls, the heavy stone arched roof, and narrow slits for windows, induce a belief that this edifice was constructed with this object. It consists of a chancel and nave, a chantry chapel on the south side, .and a small bell-tower ; the roof is finely groined, and 198 the chancel contains many mural tablets and monu- ments ; the churchyard, occupying an elevated situation, forms a beautiful terrace overlooking the river. There is a place of worship for Seceders from the Scottish Church, also a Roman Catholic chapel, the latter built by W. J. Charlton, Esq. and others, in conjunction with the then R. C. bishop of the district, the Rt. Rev. Dr. Briggs. A school was endowed with £200, by Mrs. Reed, of Troughend, and a legacy of £40 left by Mr. John Charlton, in 1732. The poor law union of Bellingham comprises thirty-seven parishes and places, and contains a population of 7462. BELLSTREET, a hamlet, in the parish of Avening, union of Stroud, hundred of Longtree, E. division of the county of Gloucester ; containing 262 inhabit- ants. BELMESTHORPE, or Belmsthorp, a hamlet, in the parish of Ryhall, union of Stamford, hundred of East, county of Rutland, 2^ miles (N. N. E.) from Stamford ; containing 121 inhabitants. BELPER, a market-town and chapelry, and the head of a union, in the parish of Duffield, hundred of Appletree, S. division of the county of Derby, Smiles (N.) from Derby, and 134 (N. N. W.) from London; containing 9885 inhabitants. This place, at which were formerly a park and hunting-seat belonging to John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, was an inconsiderable village, inhabited principally by nailers, till the year 1 777, when the cotton manufacture was introduced by Messrs. Strutt, since which time it has risen into a considerable town. It is pleasantly situated on the river Derwent, over which a handsome stone bridge of three arches has been recently erected ; the former bridge, said to have been built by John of Gaunt, having been destro}^ed, in 1795, by a great flood. The town, consisting of several streets, is partially paved, lighted with gas, and amply supplied with water. There are five mills for the spin- ning of cotton, belonging to Messrs. Strutt, who make their own machinery on the spot ; two of these, and also a bleaching-mill, are about a mile and a half lower down the river, over which the proprietors have built a neat stone bridge of two arches, for their own accommo- dation. Here is also the largest manufactory in the kingdom, for silk and cotton hose, established in 1803, by Messrs. Ward, Brettle, and Ward, and now belong- ing to Mr. George Brettle, who employs more than 4000 persons, principally in the surrounding villages. The nails made here, especially those for the shoeing of horses, are much in demand, from the superiority of the rod-iron made at Alderwasley, four miles distant, arising from the peculiar quality of the coal in that neighbour- hood. The North-Midland, or Leeds and Derby rail- way, passes through the town, near which it has an intermediate station. The market is on Saturday, and fairs are held on May 12th and Oct. 31st, for horned:- cattle, sheep, and horses. The county magistrates hold a petty-session for the district every Saturday ; courts for the manor are held twice in the year, under the steward, at one -of which constables and other officers are appointed, and a court of requests for the recovery of small debts within the town was established by act of parliament in 1839. The LIVING is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £158 ; patron, Yicar of Duffield; impropriator. Lord Beau- champ. The chapel, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, B E L S BE L T was erected in 1824, at an expense of upwards of £12,000, which was partly defrayed by a parliamentary grant ; it is a handsome structure, in the decorated English style, with a lofty tower. The old chapel, built by John of Gaunt, the burial-ground of which is still used, is now appropriated to the use of a Sunday school. There are places of worship for Baptists, Independents, Wesleyaus, and Unitarians 3 and a Lancasterian school is supported by the proprietors of the cotton-works. Henry Smith, Esq., endowed two almshouses, and be- queathed an estate producing £30 per annum, directing the rental to be divided equally between the minister and the poor of Belper ; and two other almshouses were endowed by James Sims, with £12 per annum. The union of Belper comprises 35 parishes and places, and contains a population of 46,235. In a field in the neighbourhood may still be traced the massive founda- tions of the mansion in which John of Gaunt resided. BELSAY, a township, in the parish of Bolam, union of Castle ward, N. E. division of Tindale ward, S. division of Northumberland, 13 miles (N. W.) from Newcastle-upon-Tyne 3 containing 312 inhabitants. The Middletons, ancestors of Sir Charles M. L. Monck, Bart., the present owner of the township, had large possessions here, and in other parts of the county, as far back as the reign of Henry I. One of them, Richard de Middleton, was chancellor to Henry III., and died in that office 3 and Gilbert de Middleton, in 1317^ broke into open rebellion, and being joined by many of his kindred, took all the castles in Northumberland, except Alnwick, Bambrough, and Norham, and was not over- come until he had ravaged the counties of Northumber- land and Durham 3 for these acts of treason he even- tually suffered death, and his estates, and those of his kinsman^ John de Middleton, of Belsay, the head of the family, were confiscated 3 but after an interval of fifty years they were partially recovered to the Middleton family by marriage, and continue their inheritance to this day. The township comprises 251 6 acres 3 the soil is of great variety, and with the exception of some fine grass land within the park, mostly arable, and of medium or inferior quality 3 there are considerable quarries of lime and freestone, and boulders of whinstone, and also strata of coal, but none at present worked. Belsay Hall, a splendid edifice of Grecian character, built by Sir Charles Monck, its present possessor, stands on a dry knoll, and partlj’^ occupies the site of the late chapel of Belsay 3 the external architecture is of the Doric order, and forms a square of upwards of a hundred feet, and the structure is altogether beautiful and unique, and though so extremely elegant, is yet solid, and calcu- lated for long duration. The ancient castle, supposed, from its style, to have been built in the reign of King John, stands not far from the Hall at the head of a vale, backed by a woody hill, and is reckoned one of the most perfect specimens, and certainly one of the most imposing, of Norman castellated architecture in the county. The new village exhibits, in the style of build- ing, the owner’s classic taste 3 the principal part con- sists of a range of houses called the arcade, the upper wall in front being supported upon arches, with a piazza beneath 3 there is a good inn, and a neat schoolroom, with a house for the master, all recently erected. The vicarial tithes of the township have been commuted for a rent-charge of £10. 12. 6. On the top of the how, or 199" hill, west of the castle, is an old Roman camp, the fosses of which are still very perfect 3 and below it, along the back of the hill, the old village of Belshow'', or Belsay originally stood. The hill was sacred to the British god Bell, whence its name. BELSHFORD (St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in the union of Horncastle, N. division of the wapen- take of Gartree, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 5 miles (N. E. by N.) from Horncastle 3 containing 554 inhabitants. It comprises about 2600 acres, of which the soil is various, and the surface very uneven 3 excel- lent limestone is found in the north-east portion of the parish. The. living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £18. 6. 8 ., and in the gift of the Crown, with a net income of £425 : the tithes were commuted for land in 1804. There are places of worship for Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists 3 and a national school is aided by subscription. BELSTEAD {St. Mary), a parish, in the incorpora- tion and hundred of Stamford, E. division of Suffolk, 3f miles ( 8 . W. by W.) from Ipswich 3 containing 26l inhabitants. It comprises about 1000 acres of land, of which the surface is hilly, and the soil light. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 6. 0|. 3 net income, £295 3 patron, Francis Leman, Esq., M.D. : there is a glebe of about 50 acres. The church contains a tablet to the memory of Admiral Sir Robert Harland. A school for girls is partly supported by the clergyman. BELSTONE {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Oakhampton, hundred of Black Torrington, Black Torrington and Shebbear, and N. divisions of Devon, 3 miles (E. S. E.) from Oakhampton 3 containing 208 inhabitants. This place, of which the name in the Saxon language signifies the town of Belus, or the Sun, is situated on the great Falmouth road, by which it is divided from the parish of Sampford Courtney 3 and is bounded on the east by the river Taw, which separates it from South Tawton, and on the west by the river Oke- mont, which separates it from the parish of Oakhamp- ton. According to computation it comprises 2000 acres, of which 800 are inclosed, and, with the exception of a small portion of woodland, are arable, and in good cultivation ; copper-ore is found among the mineral strata, and was formerly wrought. The manufacture of blankets is carried on to a considerable extent, affording employment to the poor of several adjoining parishes, and granite is raised in great quantities. Dartmoor forest, which borders on the south, abounds in mineral wealth. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 0. I.5 net income, £1543 patron. Rev. John Hole : the glebe comprises 7b acres, with a substantial house, erected in 1836. The church is an ancient structure in the Norman style, and contains about 200 sittings. There are some remains of a Druidical circle. BELTINGHAM, a hamlet, in the township of Rid- ley, parish and union of Haltwhistle, W. division of Tindale ward, S. division of Northumberland,^ 5§ miles (E. by S.) from Haltwhistle. This place is beautifully situated upon a gentle eminence on the south side of the South Tyne, and is said to have been anciently a market-town, but now consists only of four dwellings ; the Neweastle and Carlisle railway passes in the vicinity. Here is a chapel, supposed to have been BELT B E M B formerly a domestic chapel to the castle of Williamswyke, but at present appropriated to public worship 3 it is an ancient and handsome edifice of the period of Henry VII., with elegant windows, so large and numerous, as to have led Mr. Hodgson, the historian of ISorthumberland, to call it a cage of light.” The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Vicar of Haltwhistle, with a net income of £Jb, arising from endowments, made in 1S30, of £100 from the late Bishop Van Mil- dert, £100 from the late vicar, Hollingsworth, similar sums from Bishop Barrington’s and Lord Crewe’s Funds, a rent- charge of £30 from the present vicar, on the proceeds of the vicarage, and £1000 with which those benefactions v/ere met by the Governors of Queen Anne’s Bounty, It is in contemplation to form an ecclesiastical district, which will comprise the townships of Ridley, Henshaw, and Thorngrafton, and embrace a population of more than 1000 persons. A school was opened in Oct. 1839:, under the patronage of the late John David- son, Esq., of Ridley Hall. BELTON (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Loughborough, hundred of West Goscote, N. division of the county of Leicester, 5 miles (8. W. by S.) from Kegworth 3 containing, with the extra- parochial liberty of Grace-Dieu, 718 inhabitants. The parish comprises by measurement 1179 acres, and the liberty of Grace-Dieu 1029 acres : limestone, porphyries, and greywacke slate are found. A considerable fair for horses and cattle is held on the Monday next after Trinity week. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king's books at £8. 18. 4.3 net income, £204 5 patron. Marquess of Hastings : the glebe consists of II7 acres. There are places of worship for Baptists and Methodists. A convent for nuns of the order of St. Augustine was founded at Grace-Dieu, in the reign of Henry III., the revenue of which, at the Dissolution, was £101, 8. 9,i. : the remains are still to be seen. Sir John Beaumont, author of a poem entitled Bosworth Field,” and brother of Francis Beaumont, the celebrated dramatist, was born at Grace-Dieu in 1582. BELTON (St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in the union and soke of Grantham, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 2^ miles (N. N. E.) from Grantham 5 containing I76 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 3. 6|., and in the gift of Earl Brownlow" : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £465, and the glebe comprises about 30 acres. A school is supported by private charity 5 and there is an almshouse for six poor per- sons. Belton gives the title of Baron to Earl Brown- low. BELTON (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Thorne, W. division of the wapentake of Manley, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, If mile (N.) from Epworth 5 containing, with the hamlets of Beltoft, Carr- house, Moss wood, Sandtoft, Westgate, and Woodhouse, 1706 inhabitants. At the hamlet of Sandtoft, in the parish, a church was built for the Dutch and French Protestants brought over by Cornelius Vermuyden, in the reign of Charles II., to assist in draining the marshes. In opposition to this undertaking, serious riots occurred ; the church was materially injured, and soon fell into decay. The females of the hamlet who intermarried with the strangers retained their maiden names after mar- riage, not choosing to adopt those of their foreign hus- 200 bands. The living is a perpetual curacy, formerly in the patronage of the Corporation of Lincoln, who, by the Municipal Act, were directed to dispose of it. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans. BELTON (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Uppingham, soke of Oakham, county of Rutland, 4 miles (W. N. W.) from Uppingham 3 containing, with Gunthorpe Lodge, 402 inhabitants. It is separated from Leicestershire by the small river Eye, and comprises 970a. Ir. 4p. of arable and pasture land, in nearly equal portions 5 the soil is chiefly clay and gravel. The living is a vicarage, annexed to the rectory of Wardley3 im- propriators, Dr. Bishop and J. Eagleton, Esq. : an allotment of land and a money payment were assigned in lieu of tithes in 1794 3 the glebe comprises 66 acres, with a parsonage-house, recently rebuilt by the incum- bent. The church is an ancient structure, chiefly in the Norman style, and contains 400 sittings, of which 100 are free. A school is endowed with £15. 15. per annum. BELTON (All Saints), a parish, in the incorpora- tion and hundred of Mutford and Lothingland, E. division of Suffolk, 4^ miles (S. W.) from Great Yar- mouth 3 containing 465 inhabitants. This parish, which includes the hamlet of Browston, and is situated on the navigable river Waveney, comprises 2012 acres. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £17. 15., and in the patronage of the Bishop of Nor- wich : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £440, and there are 1 9 acres of glebe. A school on the national plan has been established. BELVOIR, an extra-parochial liberty, in the union, and partly in the soke, of Grantham, parts of Keste- ven, county of Lincoln, but chiefly in the hundred of Framland, N. division of the county of Leicester, 7 miles (W. by S.) from Grantham 3 containing 109 in- habitants. Belvoir Castle, the magnificent seat of the Duke of Rutland, stands on the site of an ancient for- tress built soon after the Conquest, near which a Bene- dictine priory was founded, in the reign of William I., the revenue of which, at the Dissolution, was £135. BEMBRIDGE, a district chapelry, in the parish of Brading, liberty of East Medina, Isle of Wight divi- sion of the county of Southampton, 4- miles (S. E.) from Ryde, by the ferry across the mouth of Brading harbour. This place, which formerly consisted only of a few fishermen’s huts, has within the last few years become a highly interesting watering-place 3 and though of small extent, is the favourite resort of persons who wish to combine with the benefit of sea-bathing the enjoyment of pleasing retirement. It is situated in a beautifully secluded spot at the eastern extremity of the island, of which it forms one of the most picturesque portions, and has a safe and commodious harbour for pilots and fishermen ; the rides in the vicinity abound with good scenery, and the neighbourhood affords walks commanding fine views of the country adjacent. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Vicar of Brading : the church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, a neat edifice in the later English style, contain- ing 475 sittings, was erected in 1827. A parochial school for boys was erected at the expense of the Rev. Sir Henry Thompson, Bart., and another for girls, which is supported by a lady residing at the place, was built by subscription. BENE BENE BEMERTON {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Wilton, hundred of Branch and Dole, Salisbury and Amesbury, and S. divisions of Wilts, 2 miles (W. by N.) from Salisbury 3 containing 109 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, united to that of Fugglestone. The place is remarkable for the celebrity of three of its rectors, — George Herbert, commonly called ‘^the Di- vine,” who died in 1635 3 John Norris, a metaphysical writer, who died in 17H ; and Archdeacon Coxe, the traveller and historian, who died in 1828: the first greatly repaired the church, and rebuilt the parsonage- house, at his own expense. BEMPTON {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Bridlington, wapentake of Dickering, E. riding of York, 3:^ miles (N. N. E.) from Bridlington ; containing 313 inhabitants. The parish is bounded by the North Sea, and comprises about I6OO acres, partly arable, and partly grass, the latter being some of the richest grazing and feeding pastures in the East riding 3 and the farmers are regarded as being among the best cultivators of the soil. The village is pleasantly situated near Flamborough Head, on the road to Scarborough. The living is a per- petual curacy, in the patronage of H. Broadley, Esq., the impropriator, and has a net income of £51 : the tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1765. The church, rebuilt at the expense of the patron in 1829j is a small neat structure, with a tower at the west end. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. Bemp- ton was separated from the priory of Bridlington in 1474. BENACRE {St. Michael), a parish, in the union and hundred of Blything, E. division of Suffolk, 5 miles (N. E.) from Wangford 3 containing 194 inha- bitants. It comprises 2594a. Ir. S7p., and is situated on the sea- coast : about half a mile from the shore is a sheet of fresh water, called Benacre Broad, comprising 100 acres, and abounding with pike and other fish. Ben- acre Hail, a large mansion, is the seat of SirT. S. Gooch, Bart. The living is a rectory, with that of Easton- Bavent and the vicarage of North- Ales consolidated, valued in the king’s books at £18, and in the gift of Sir T. S. Gooch : the tithes were commuted for a rent- charge of £354, and there are 24 acres of glebe. The church consists of a nave and chancel, with a square tower. A school is supported by the patron and the Rev. W. Gooch. An urn, containing coins of Vespasian, Trajan, Adrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius, was discovered here, more than fifty years since, in forming a road from Yarmouth to London. BENAGER. — See Binegar. BENEFIELD {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of OuNDLE, hundred of Polebrook, N. division of the county of Northampton, 3| miles (W.) from Oundle 3 containing 533 inhabitants. This parish, including the lordship of Liveden, comprises 4468 acres, of which above 300 are woodland, and the remainder chiefly pas- ture 3 the soil is a strong tenacious clay, with an upper surface of dark loam, and the ground is varied with gentle undulations, though, generally level. There are two villages about a mile apart, distinguished as Upper and Lower Benefield, the road from Oundle to Great Weldon proceeding through both. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £35. 9. 7* ; net income, £531 3 patron, Jesse Watts Russell, Esq., lord of the manor and proprietor of the parish : the tithes VoL. I. — 201 were commuted for land in 1820, and the entire glebe now consists of 470 acres. The church, which is a handsome and commodious edifice, was repaired a few years since by Mr. Russell : near it are the site and moat of an old castle. The parochial school is endowed with £10. 10. per annum. About a furlong to the west of the village are nine of those cavities in the earth commonly called Swallows,” into which the waters of the land- floods flow and disappear. BENENDEN {St. George), a parish, in the union of Cranbrooke, hundred of Rolvenden, Lower division of the lathe of Scray, W. division of Kent, 3j miles (S. E.) from Cranbrooke 3 containing 1594 inhabitants. It lies to the south of the London and Dovor railway. Fairs for horses and horned-cattle are held on May 15th and Aug. 4th. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £17* 12. 6. 3 patron and impro- priator, T. L. Hodges, Esq. : the great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £500, and the vicarial for one of £151. The church was built in 1672, the former edifice having been damaged by lightning. Ed- ward Gibbon, in 1602, founded a school, which was subsequently endowed with property producing £114 per annum. BENFIELDSIDE, a township, in the chapelry of Medomsley, parish and union of Lanchester, W. divi- sion of Chester ward, N. division of the county of Durham, 14 miles (N. W. by N.) from Durham 3 con- taining 1074 inhabitants. The Bishops of Durham for- merly appointed foresters or keepers of their woods of Benfieldside, and elsewhere, within the parish. The township is on the river Derwent, which here separates the county from Northumberland 5 and is intersected by the Derwent and Shotley-Bridge, and the Newcastle and Stanhope roads. It comprises 1828a. Ir. 25p., of which 1019 acres are arable, 410 pasture, 318 wood, and 80 highways, buildings, waste, &c. 5 the soil is generally clay upon a substratum of freestone rock, and the sur- face hilly, some of the highest hills being 700 or 800 feet above the level of the sea. There are mines of coal and iron-stone, quarries of freestone, in great variety, and a fine clay 3 the manufacture of paper is extensively carried on, besides which there are an iron-foundry, a saw-mill, a flour-mill, &c. A branch to Medomsley of the Pontop and South Shields railway terminates about 1 | mile from Shotley-Bridge 3 and the Newcastle and Carlisle railway passes at a distance of seven miles. The lands are chiefly tithe-free. One of the first meeting- houses for the Society of Friends in the north of Eng- land was established in the township 3 there are also places of worship for Primitive Methodists and Wesley- ans, and at Shotley-Bridge is a school on the national plan. — See Shotley-Bridge. BENFLEET, NORTH {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Billericay, hundred of Barstable, S. division of Essex, 2^ miles (S. S. E.) from Wickford 3 containing 364 inhabitants. This district, previously to its subdivision into the north and south parishes at pre- sent recognised, was the usual landing-place of the Danish pirates during their incursions into this part of the country in the 9th century 3 and, towards the close of that century, Hesting, one of their chiefs, erected a strong castle here, in which was deposited the plunder he obtained from the inhabitants, and which was, in 894, demolished by Alfred the Great, who took Hesting’s 2 D B E N G B E N N wife and two of her sons prisoners, with all their booty, to London. The parish of North Benfleet comprises about 2200 acres of flait land^ of which about 700 form a portion of the isle of Cahvey. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ld; net income, £600 ) patron. Rev. C. R. Rowlatti The church has a small wooden tower with tw^o bells, and a steeple. BENFLEET, SOUTH (St, Mary)] a parish,' in the union of Billericay, hundred of Barstable, S. divi- sion of Essex, 4 miles (s; W. by S.) from Rayleigh 3 containing 707 irihabitarits, and comprising 3056«: Ir. 32p. The village is pleasantly situated on the border of a creek which separates it frorn Canvey island^ and is called Hadley Ray 5 and several other creeks which enter the parish from the river Thames are noted for producing good oysters. A fair is held on the 24th of August. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £16. 5. 5. 3 net income, £242 3 patrons. Dean and Chapter of Westminster ; impro- priator, J. Perry, Esq. The church is a handsome edifice with a tower of stone, surmounted by a lofty spire of wood. A national school is aided by sub- scription. BENGEO (St, Leonard), a parish, in the union, hundred, and county of Hertford, 1 mile (N. N. E.) from Hertford 3 containing 1141 inhabitants. Tlie living is a vicarage^ valued in the king’^s books at £ 7 , 8. 6|., and in the gift of the Trustees of the late T. H. Byde, Esq;, in whom also the impropriation is vested : the great tithes have been commuted’ for a rent-charge of £450, and those of the incumbent for one of £1703 and £28 are payable in addition to the rector of St. Alban’s. A school is supported by sub- scription. BEN GROVE, a hamlet, in the parish of Beck- ford, union of Winchcomb, hundred of Tibald- STONE, E. division of the county of Gloucester 3 con- taining 43 inhabitants. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1773. BENGWORTH (St. Peter), a parish, in the union and borough of Evesham, locally in the Lower division of the hundred of Blackenhurst, E. division of the county of Worcester 3 containing 1082 in- habitants. It is situated on the eastei*n side of the navigable river Avon, and communicates with the town of Evesham by an ancient stone bridge. A portion of Gloucestershire bounds it on the south, and it is in- tersected by the roads from Evesham to Stow and Chipping- Campden. The manor anciently belonged to the Beauchamp family, whose baronial castle, situ- ated near the bridge, was in the twelfth century destroyed by William d’Anville, abbot of Evesham, in retaliation for depredations committed by the owner on his monastery. The living is a perpetual curacy, valued in the king’s books at £7- 10. 10. 3 income, about £1503 patron. Rev. W. Marsden : the tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1795. The church, which has a substantial tower and spire, was formerly dependent on the abbey of Evesham. John Deacle, alderman of London, who was born at Bengvvorth, and died in 1709, left by will £2000 for the endowment of a free school here 3 the premises were erected in 1736, at an expense of £335, and with the residue of the legacy an estate was purchased 3 the income, in 1830, was £251. 202 BENHALL (St, Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Plomesgate, E. division of Suffolk, 2 miles (W. by S.) from Saxmundham 3 containing 749 = inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued' in the king’s books at £7. 1. 3.3 net income, £173 3 patrons. Trustees of the late Edward Hollond, Esq., to whom, with others, the impropriation belongs. Sir Edward Duke, Bart., in 1731, bequeathed property producing, with other benefactions, about £36 per annum, for the endowment of a free school 3 and a school-house was erected in 1736. BENH AM- VALENCE, a ty thing, in the parish = of Speen, hundred of Kintbury-Eagle, county of Berks, 3 miles (W.) from Newbuty 3 containing 316 inhabit- ants. Benham House was formerly the residence of the celebrated Margravine of Anspach. BENNINGBROUGHi a township, in the parish of Newton-upon-Ouse, union of York, wapentake of Bulmer, N. riding of York, 7f miles (N. W.) from York 3 containing 86 inhabitants. It is situated on the north bank of the river Ouse, and comprises about 1070 acres, the property of Viscount Downe, who has a seat here. BENNINGHOLME, with Benningholme Grange, a township, in the parish^ of Swine, union of Skir- LAUGH, Middle division of the wapentake of Holder- NESS, E; riding of York, 9 miles (N. by E.) from Hull 3 containing 108 inhabitants. This place is in Domesday^ book called Benincol, and in the reign of John permission was given by the proprietors to the ecclesiastics to fish in and render navigable the stream of Lamwith here, upon which the place is situated. Among the chief owners of land in former times were the Constables, who had possessions here so early as the time of Henry HI. : several of the farm-houses contain ancient re- mains. The township comprises about 1200 acres, of which 800 are arable and in cultivation, and the re- mainder meadow and pasture, interspersed with plan- tations 3 the surface is level, and the scenery of pleasing character. Benningholme Hall, the seat of Robert Harrison, Esq., lord of the manor, is a handsome residence. BENNINGTON (St. Peter), a parish, in the hundred of Broadwater, union and county of Hert- ford, 5| miles (E. S. E.) from Stevenage 3 containing 605 inhabitants. This place> which is of great anti- quity, is said to have been the residence of the kings of Mercia, who had a palace here, and on an intrenched eminence to the west of the church was a castle, of which little more than the site remains^. The parish is intersected by the river Bene, and comprises 2900a. \r. 6p., of which the soil rests principally on chalk 3 the^ cottagers are chiefly employed in the making of straw- plat. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19, and in the giR of Leonard Proctor, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £635, and there are 90 acres of glebe. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans. BENNINGTON (All Saints), a parish (formerly a market-town), in the union of Boston, wapentake of Skirbeck, parts of Holland, county of Lincoln, 5 miles (E. N. E.) from Boston3 containing 539 in- habitants. This place formerly belonged to the family of Bay, of whom William Bay was summoned to the grand council at Westminster in 1353, as member BENR BENS for Boston : the ancient family mansion, Bay Hall, is still entire. The parish, which is situated on the sea- coast, and intersected by the road from Boston to Wainfleet, comprises by measurement 2814a. Ir. 12p,, of which two- thirds are pasture, and the remainder arable j the soil is rich, and the substratum principally clay. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £33. 8. Ilf., and in the gift of the Earl of Ripon : on the inclosure of the fens and marsh lands in 1818, land was allotted in lieu of tithes j the glebe comprises 426 acres, valued at £8Q5 per annum. The church is a handsome structure, in the decorated and later English styles, and contains a curious font ^ on the floor of the chancel is a marble slab, from which the brasses inlaid in it were removed during the parliamen- tary war, and under which are the remains of Bishop Wainfleet. There is a place of worship for Primitive Methodists. In 1706, Richard Cowell bequeathed a house and about 5 acres of land for the maintenance of six children at school; in 1725, William, Purril left houses, and about 48 acres, for a schoolmaster and four almspeople ; and in 1832, Richard Westland, Esq., of Boston, £100 for the said school, with which sum a commodious room has been erected. The income arising from the lands is £150 per annum. There was formerly a chantry here, and near the glebe-house is a piece of ground called the Chantry Pasture. BENNINGTON, LONG {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Newark, wapentake of Loveden, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 7 miles (N. W.) from Grantham ; containing, with Bennington Grange, extra-parochial, 1007 inhabitants. The parish, which is situated on the great north road, and bounded on the north-east by the river Witham, comprises 4000 acres of land of a clayey soil, and has some good stone- quarries. The living is a discharged vicarage, with Foston annexed, valued in the king’s books at £20. 1. 10., with a net income of £463 ; the patronage and impropriation belong to the Crown, in right of the duchy of Lancaster : the tithes were commuted for a corn-rent and an allotment of land in 1784 ; the glebe consists of about 30 acres. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans ; also a national school. An alien priory of Cistercian monks was founded here about 1175, the revenue of which, in the reign of Richard II., was ,£50 per annum. There is a mineral spring strongly impregnated with iron. BENNIWORTH {St, Julian), a parish, in the union of Horncastle, E. division of the wapentake of Wraggoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 6| miles (E. N. E.) from Wragby ; comprising by com- putation 2700 acres, and containing 488 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £23. 8. 6^. ; net income, £506 ; patron, G. F. Heneage, Esq. : the tithes were commuted for an allotment of land in 1770. BENRiDGE, with Kirkley and Carter-moor, a township, in the parish of Ponteland, union, and W. division, of Castle ward, S. division of Northumber- land, 9^ miles (N. W. by N.) from Newcastle-upon- Tyne ; containing 1 68 inhabitants. This place, formerly a distinct township, is situated to the south of the river Blyth, and east of the road from Newcastle to Rothbury, being equidistant from both. Benridge House is a handsome mansion. 203 BENRIDGE, a township, in the parish of Mit- FORD, union of Morpeth, W. division of Morpeth ward, N. division of Northumberland, 2 miles (W. N. ,W.) from Morpeth ; containing 70 inhabitants. This place, formerly Benrigge, or the ^‘high ridge,” derives its name from its situation on the slope of the lofty ridge of land that runs through the township from east to west. Possessions have been held here by the families of Bertram, Eure (of which was Sir Ralph Eure, a man of consideration in the county), Bolbeck, Herle, Greystock, and Dacre ; and the present owners of the estate are the Howards, represented by the Earl of Carlisle. The district comprises 1085 acres of open ground, and about 20 of wood, and consists of several farms, three of which form a straggling hamlet, on the south side of the highway between Stanton and Mor- peth, and probably occupy the site of the ancient vill : the impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £84. BENSHAM, a suburban district, in the parish and union of Gateshead, locally in Chester ward, N. division of the county of Durham, 1 mile (S. W.) from the Post-office of Gateshead. It occupies a salubrious situation on an eminence, commanding fine views for many miles up the beautiful vale of the Tyne, includ- ing, on the south side of the river, Axwell Park, Blay- don, Ryton, and the various interesting objects in their environs ; and on the north bank, Elswick House, Benwell, Scotswood, with its handsome suspension bridge, and the neighbouring manufactories and villas ; and directly to the north is seen the whole of the town of Newcastle, with the steeples of St. Nicholas’ and All Saints’ churches, and other public buildings. The district, which is partly mountainous, is, in the more inviting portions, studded with mansions and villas inhabited by magistrates, opulent merchants, and other gentlemen, and of these residences may be named the seats of James Pollock and William Hymers, Esqs., Bensham House and Lodge, Cotsfield House, Clare- mont House, Prospect House, and Wind-Mill Hills. The only public building of importance in the locality is a lunatic asylum established, in 1744, by John Hall, M.D., and which is one of the oldest institutions of the kind in the kingdom, and is adapted to the reception of the more delicate patients from the Newcastle asy- lum ; it was subsequently enlarged by Robert Wood, M.D., who was succeeded by the late Frederick Glenton, M.D., and afterwards by his nephews, Messrs. Frederick and Paul Glenton, by the former of whom the institu- tion continues to be conducted. The building has a south-west prospect, and is sheltered from the north- east winds, and its situation is said by medical men to be exceedingly healthy ; it is heated by water-pipes, a plan productive of many advantages, though rarely adopted, and affords every accommodation for more than 150 patients. BENSINGTON, or Benson {St. Helen), a parish, in the parliamentary borough and union of Walling- ford, partly in the hundred of Dorchester, but chiefly in that of Ewelme, county of Oxford, l| mile (N. N. E.) from Wallingford ; containing, with the ham- lets oi Fifield, Preston-Crowmarsh, and Roke, 1254 inhabitants. In this parish was anciently a strong fortress of the Britons, from whom it was taken on their defeat at Bedford, in 571, or, according to some 2 D 2 \ \ V BENT BENT authorities^ in 560, by Ceawlyn, third king of the West Saxons. It subsequently fell into the power of the Mercians, from whom it was seized by Cuthred, King of the West Saxons^ who, revolting from Ethelbald^ King of Mercia^ defeated him at Burford in 752 j but it was finally surrendered by the West Saxons to Offa, King of Mercia, who, enraged at the obstinate resistance of the garrison, dismantled the fortifications. The Roman way leading from Alchester to Wallingford crossed the Thames here ; and there was anciently a royal palace in the vicinity. The parish contains 2880of. 2r. I3p., of which 2119 acres are arable, 344 meadow, 92 woodland, and 200 pasture. The living is a perpetual curacy j net income, £180 3 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Canons of Christ-Church, Oxford. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £1046, with a glebe of 17^ acres, and those of the incumbent for one of £157* 10., with a glebe of 3§ acres. Two schools are supported by voluntary contributions. BENTFIELD, a hamlet, in the parish of Stansted- Mountpitchet, union of Bishop-Stortford, hun- dred of Ceavering, N. division of Essex, 1 |- mile (N. W. by N.) from Stansted-Mountfitchet j containing 496 inhabitants. It is situated near the river Stort. BENTHAL, a township, in the parish of Abber- BURY, union of Atcham, hundred of Ford, S. division of Salop. BENTHALL (St. Bartholomew) y a parish, in the union of Madeley, and within the liberties of the borough of Wenlock, S. division of Salop, 2^ miles (N. E. by N.) from Much Wenlock 3 containing 587 in- habitants, who are principally employed in potteries. The navigable river Severn flows past the place. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £93 5 patron. Vicar of Much Wenlock 3 impropriator, Thomas Harries, Esq. BENTHAM, a hamlet, in the parish of Badge- worth, Upper division of the hundred of Dudstone and King’s Barton, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 4 miles (S. W. by S.) from Cheltenham 3 containing 236 inhabitants. BENTHAM (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Settle, W. division of the wapentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York 3 containing 3535 inhabitants, of whom 2180 are in the township of Bentham, 10 miles (W. N. W.) from Settle. This parish, situated on the confines of the county of Lancaster, comprises 25,811a. ISp., of which 7972a. 27p* are in the township of Bentham 3 the soil is poor, resting on a substratum of gritstone ; the surface is varied, and the lands are watered by the rivers Greta and Wenning, of which the former has its source in the higher parts of the parish, and the latter in the adjoining parish of Claphara, and both after flowing through the parish fall into the river Lune. Bentham House, the seat of Hornby Rough- sedge, Esq., and Ellergill Lodge, that of Gilbert Bate- son, Esq., are handsome mansions, pleasantly situated. The towmship contains the villages of Upper and Lower Bentham 3 and the inhabitants are chiefly employed in the spinning of flax and the weaving of linen, for which extensive mills have been erected by Messrs. Hornby and Roughsedge 3 and there are some potteries for various kinds of earthenware. A market is held on Monday at Upper Bentham 3 and there are fairs on the 204 J y / / 5th of February, Easter-Tuesday, the 22d of June, and the 25th of October. The LIVING is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £35. 7. 8|., and in the patronage of James William Farrer, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £675, and there is a good glebe-house. The church, situated at Lower Bentham, is a handsome structure in the later English style, with a square em- battled tower 3 the nave was rebuilt and enlarged in 1832. An additional church, in the later English style, with a square embattled tower, crowned by pinnacles, has been erected at Upper Bentham, by Hornby Rough- sedge, Esq., at an expense of £1800 3 the east window is embellished with stained glass, and contains a paint- ing of the Last Supper 3 the interior is well arranged, and the church contains 500 sittings, of which 350 are free. There is a chapel of ease at Ingleton, in the parish, a very ancient edifice 3 and also at Ingleton Fell, called Chapel Le Dale. The free school was founded by William Collingwood, Esq., who in 1726 left pro- perty for its endowment, and also for the foundation and support of an hospital for six widowers and six widows 3 the income is £240, of which £42 are paid to the master, and £35 to the usher, of the school, and £12 to each of the inmates of the hospital. Thomas Baynes bequeathed land producing £12 per annum for the augmentation of the head master’s salary 3 and Isabel Baynes left property worth £20 per annum, to be divided among poor housekeepers of the township. BENTLEY (St. Mary), a parish and liberty, in the union of Alton, hundred of Basingstoke, Odiham and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 4 miles (W. S. W.) from Farnham ; containing 766 inhabitants. It is situated on the river Wey, which, flowing through the valley in a beautifully meandering course, sepa- rates this parish from that of Binsted 3 the surface is finely varied, and the hills on the opposite side of the river are covered with the royal forest of Alice Holt, and add greatly to the richness of the country. The parish comprises about 2280 acres of richly cultivated land, of which nearly 200 are planted with hops 3 the village is pleasantly situated on the north side of the road from London to Southampton. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £106 3 appropriator, the Archdeacon of Surrey, by whom the tithes, with the right of presentation, are leased for lives to Robert Bury, Esq. The church, an ancient structure in the Norman style, situated on an eminence behind the vil- lage, was enlarged in 1835. Mr. Andrew Windsor, about 1737^ bequeathed six acres of land, producing £13 per annum, which sum, with the proceeds of a sale of timber, is distributed among poor widows or widowers. On the lands of Powderham farm are the remains of a Roman encampment, with a tessellated pavement in good preservation. BENTLEY, a township, in the parish of Wolver- hampton, union of Walsall, S. division of the hun- dred of Offlow and of the county of Stafford, if mile (W. by N.) from Walsall 3 containing 428 inhabit- ants. BENTLEY (St. Mary), a parish, in the incorpora- tion, and hundred of Samford, E. division of Suffolk, 5j miles (S. W.) from Ipswich 3 containing 419 inhabit- ants, and comprising 2801a. 28p. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 2. 11., BENT BENT and in the gift of the Rev. Charles Edmund Keene : th^ impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £443, and the vicarial for one of £189 j and there are about 19 acres of glebe. At Dodnash, in the parish, a small priory of Black canons, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, was founded, it is said, by one Wymarus 3 at its suppression, in 1524, its revenue was £42. 18. 8:^. per annum, and it was granted to Cardinal Wolsey for the endowment of his school and college. BENTLEY, a chapelry, in the parish of Shustock, union of Atherstone, Atherstone division of the hun- dred of Hemlingford, N. division of the county of Warwick, 3 miles (S. W.) from Atherstone 3 containing 266 inhabitants, and comprising 1835 acres. It is in- tersected by the road from Birmingham to Atherstone. The chapel, which was dedicated to the Holy Trinity, has long been in ruins. BENTLEY, a village, in the parish of Rowley, wapentake of Harthill, Hunsley- Beacon division, E. riding of York, 2| miles (S.) from Beverley 3 contain- ing 62 inhabitants. This place is situated in the north- ern part of the parish, and on the road from Beverley to Hessle. In a hedge, east of the village, stands part of one of the ancient crosses that marked the limits of the sanctuary of Beverley minster. BENTLEY, a township, in the parish of Arksey, union of Doncaster, N. division of the wapentake of Strafeorth and Tickhill, W. riding of York, 2 miles (N. W. by N.) from Doncaster 5 containing 790 inhabit- ants. This village is about a mile from that of Arksey, and has grown up round an ancient manor-house, now known only by its site, which is still called the Mote hill, but which was formerly the seat of some very eminent persons, and the head of one of the most con- siderable tenancies of the castle and honour of Tickhill. Among the families who had possessions here, occur those of Newmarch, Tibetot, Scrope, and Windham. Sir Robert de Tibetot was one of the most important persons of his age, was much employed in the reign of Edward I. in the Welsh war, and was also in the wars of France and Scotland : of the family of Windham were Sir John, beheaded for high treason, on Tower- hill, in 1502, and Sir Francis, a judge of the time of Elizabeth. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment under an act passed in the 7th and 8th of George IV. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BENTLEY, FENNY {St. Mary Magdalene), a parish, in the hundred of Wirksworth, S. division of the county of Derby, 2^ miles (N. by W.) from Ash- bourn 3 containing 343 inhabitants. This place, which is situated on the road from Ashbourn to Tissington, was the residence of the Beresfords, lords of the manor, of whose castellated mansion there are still some re- mains near the church. The living is a discharged rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 12. 10., and in the gift of the Dean of Lincoln : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £60, and the glebe com- prises 31 acres. The church is a small structure, with a low tower, and contains a monument to one of the '^Beresford family, who distinguished himself in the wars with France. BENTLEY, GREAT (^t. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Tendring, N. division of Essex, 8 miles (E. S. E.) from Colchester 3 containing 1005 205 inhabitants. This parish, which on the west is bounded by a small creek flowing into the river Colne, comprises an area of about eleven miles in circumference 3 the surface is diversified with hills and valleys, and the general scenery is cheerful. Fairs are held on the Monday after Trinity-Monday, for cattle 3 the last Friday in Sept., for sheep 3 and the Monday after St. Swithin’s-day. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7, and in the patron- age of the Bishop of London : the impropriate tithes, belonging to the landowners, have been commuted for a rent-charge of £674, and the vicarial for one of £2503 and the glebe consists of 13 acres. A rent-charge of £59 is also paid to Gonville and Caius College, Cam- bridge. The church, beautifully situated near a plea- sant green, is a spacious and venerable structure, in the Norman style. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and a school is endowed with about £15 per annum. BENTLEY, HUNGRY, a liberty, in the parish of Longford, hundred of Appletree, S. division of the county of Derby, 5f miles (S.) from Ashbourn 3 con- taining 83 inhabitants. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £67. 10. Here was for- merly a chapel, long since demolished. BENTLEY, LITTLE {St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Tendring, N. division of Essex, 8 miles (E.) from Colchester 3 containing 472 inhabit- ants. It comprises 2000«. 2r. 14p., of which I66O acres are arable, 135 pasture, and 162 woodland. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13, and in the patronage of Emanuel College, Cambridge : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £650, and there are 58 acres of glebe. The church is an ancient building, consisting of a nave, north aisle, and chancel, with a tower of stone. A chantry was founded by Sir John Le Gros. There is a place of worship for Wes- leyans 3 and a school is partly supported by the rector. BENTLEY -PAUNCEFOOT, a township, in the parish of Tardebigg, union of Bromsgrove, Upper division of the hundred of Halfshire, Droitwich and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, 5 miles (S. E.) from Bromsgrove 3 containing 238 inhabitants, and com- prising 1617 acres. The surface is moderately undu- lated, well watered, and partially wooded 3 and the soil is of full average fertility. BENTON, LITTLE, a township, in the parish of Long Benton, union of Tynemouth, E. division of Castle ward, S. division of Northumberland, 2| miles (N. E.) from Newcastle 3 comprising an area of 573(2. Sr. lOp. A part of the population is employed in Bigge’s-main colliery. Benton Park is the seat of John Potts, Esq., commanding some fine views, which em- brace Gateshead Fell church, the Newcastle and North Shields railway, &c. 3 the mansion is of brick, originally built a century ago, and enlarged in 1769, and came by purchase, in 1838, with 90 acres of demesne, of which 20 are old timber, into the possession of Mr. Potts, who has entirely re-beautified the interior, and enriched it with valuable paintings, among which are Duns Scotus” copied from Spagnoletti, ‘^Abraham” by Murillo, “ Mer- cury and Venus” by Raphael Mengs, and a “ Madonna and Child.” The vicarial tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £9. 7», and those of corn and hay for one of £135. 17- In the park grounds is an old font, with the date 1069. BENT B E N W BEl^TON, LONG, or MICKLE, {St, Bartholo^ mew), a parish, in the union of Tynemouth, E. divi- sion of Castle ward, S. division of Northumberland, miles (N. E. by N.) from Newcastle-upon-Tyne 5 con- taining 8711 inhabitants, of whom 2451 are in the town- ship of Long Benton. This parish is bounded on the south by the river Tyne, and intersected from east to west by the North Shields and Newcastle railway, and turnpike-road • it extends eight miles and a half from north to south, and at the widest point is about three in breadth 5 and the whole comprises, with the townships of Weetsleet, Killing worth. Little Benton, and Walker, 8869«. 2r. 7p. The township of Long Benton, occupy- ing about the middle of the parish, consists of 3301a. 35jo.; the manor is vested in the Rev. Ralph H. Brand- ling, and Dixon Dixon, Esq., of Unthank Hall, Halt- whistle, jointly. On the banks of the river are various large manufactories, and staiths for shipping coal ; and the district contains many extensive collieries, which are now nearly exhausted as respects coal for domestic pur- poses, though much remains applicable to steam fur- naces : in Weetsleet and Walker townships are some freestone quarries, affording employment to a consider- able number of persons. Among the gentlemen’s seats in the parish, are Seaton Burn, Benton Park, and Ben- ton Hall, the residences of their respective proprietors, the Rev. Ralph H. Brandling, Captain John Potts, and William Losh, Esq. 3 Long Benton House and another mansion are the property of Dixon Dixon, Esq., the former occupied by William Smith, Esq., and the latter by Mrs, R. Atkinson 5 Thomas Taylor, Esq. resides in a large house belonging to Robert Hedley, Esq. 5 and of two houses at Killingworth belonging to Mrs. Bell, (formerly Miss Reay, now the lady of the county mem- ber,) one is occupied by Nicholas Wood, Esq., well known for his work on railways, and the other, a hand- some mansion of great extent, is divided into residences for Mr. Wales and other colliery agents. The village of Long Benton, consisting for the most part of one long street, is built upon a rock, in a pleasant and healthy situation. The LIVING, a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £3. 1. 3., is in the gift of the Master and Fellows of Balliol College, Oxford, in whose favour an impropriation was made, on the grant of Sir Philip Somervyle, in 1342. The corn and hay tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of about £1500, of which £687. 11. are derived from the township of Long Benton, and the vicarial tithes for £120, of which £52 are for the same township 3 the glebe consists of about 80 acres. The church, which stands in a spacious burial-ground, a short distance north of the village, was rebuilt, with the exception of the chancel, in 1791, and is a neat structure with a tower and spire ; hitherto it has always been reputed to have been dedicated to St, Bartholomew, but in the license for erecting the chantry to the Virgin, founded by Adam de Benton, and which bears date Jan. 7th, 1311, the church is mentioned as St. Andrew’s (ecclesia Sancti Andrece de Benton) ^ this document has only recently been accessible, and is to be found in the register of Bishop Kellawe, lately restored to the registry office at Durham. The vicarage-house, the residence of the Rev. John Besly, D.C.L., stands about the centre of the village. A parochial schoolroom, with a dwelling-house at- 206 tached, w^as built a few years since, at a cost of £205, partly defrayed by subscription 3 and large school- rooms were built at Killingworth colliery in 1840, by Lord Ravensworth and partners, one of which is now used for divine worship, under license of the Bishop of Durham. The dissenters have several places of worship in remote parts of the parish. A close of land, called Dacres Close, in the township of Merton and parish of Tynemouth, now producing about £12 per annum, was bequeathed to the vicar and churchwardens of Benton, by Cuthbert Alder, Esq., in 1736, for distribution among the poor of Weetsleet. The Roman wall of Severus passed through the parish before its immediate termina- tion at Wallsend : on the line of this wall was an ancient chapel, and another chapel is traditionally spoken of as having stood near Low Weetsleet 3 both have long since disappeared. Among the eminent persons connected with the place, may be named the celebrated Dr. Charles Hutton, and George Stephenson, the railway engineer, the former of whom, when a boy, worked in the pits at Long Benton colliery, and the latter was a brakesman at Killingworth colliery, and exhibited the first instance of his mechanical genius in the repair of the watches of his fellow-workmen. BENTWORTH {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Alton, hundred of Odiham, Basingstoke and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 4 miles (W.) from Alton 3 containing 609 inhabitants. On the loss of Normandy, Peter, Archbishop of Rouen, obtained, license, in the 9th of Edward HI., to alienate his manor of Binterworth,” w^hich he held in free socage, to William de Melton, Archbishop of York. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14. 10. 5., and in the gift of the Rev. Thomas Matthews : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £907. 10., and the glebe comprises 90 acres, with a house. A school is supported by the chief landed proprietor and the incumbent. George Withers, the poet, was born here in 1588. BENWELL, a district chapelry, comprising the township of Benwell, and part of that of Elswick, in the union of Newcastle, W. division of Castle ward, S. division of Northumberland 3 containing 2415 in- habitants, of whom 1433 are in the township of Ben- well, 2| miles (W.) from Newcastle. This place, an- ciently Benwall, or By-the-Wall, the Roman wall having passed this way, is supposed to occupy the site of the Condercum of the Notitia. It comprises by measure- ment 1074 acres, chiefly elevated land, rising gradually and beautifully from the Tyne 3 the soil is generally good, and being well cultivated produces abundant crops of corn and grass 3 and the scenery embraces most ex- tensive views, including the vales of Tyne, Derwent, and Ravensworth, with their wood and water, and nume- rous mansions. The district also abounds in coal and freestone. Benwell colliery, opened in 1790, belongs to Aubone Surtees, Esq., and partners, and the coal, w^hich is of excellent quality, is known in the London market as Adair’s main. In the 17th century a seam of coal in the vicinity caught fire at a candle, and continued to burn for upwards of thirty years, bursting out in various places like a volcano. Various manufactories are situ- ated on the low , grounds near the Tyne, viz., of glue, red paint, paper, fire-bricks, and ornamental vases 3 and Messrs. Robert Lister and Sons have a water-mill for B E O L BERG grinding fire-clay, wliich is driven by two pumping engines, one of them raising 1000 gallons of water per minute. The road from Newcastle to Carlisle, and the Newcastle and Carlisle railway, pass through the town- ship in nearly a parallel direction. Among the many gentlemen’s seats is the Old Tower, anciently the summer residence of the priors of Tyne- mouth, (who had a chapel here,) and subsequently the seat of the Shafto family ; it was rebuilt in 1832, at the cost of about £14,000, by the late Thomas Craw- hall, Esq., and is now the residence of Mrs. Anderson, whose son, Thomas Anderson, Esq., of Little Harle Tower, was high sheriff for the county in 1843. There are also, the Lodge, formerly an adjunct of the Tower, the property of William Ord, Esq., M. P., who is the prin- cipal landowner in the township ; the Hall, with its choice terrace-walk, belonging to William Isaac Cook- son, Esq. 3 the Grove, a convenient family mansion, with ample gardens and pleasure-grounds, the property of Charles Henry Cook, Esq, ; the Villa, standing on; Benwell-hill, and overlooking the whole country, the seat of Lawrence Hewison, Esq. ; and the Cottage, possessed by William Hawthorn, Esq., civil engineer,, who, and; whose brother, are the successful builders of locomotive, engines, now in extensive use, as well on the continent as in Great Britain. The chapelry has been detached from the parish of St. John, Newcastle. The church, dedicated to St. James, stands conspicuously on an eminence near the centre of the district, and was erected in 1832, at an expense of £1665, partly defrayed by local subscription, and partly by grants from the Church Commissioners, the Incorporated Society, and the Diocesan Church Building Society 3 it is a neat edifice in the Norman - English style, with a square tower, and contains 632 sittings, of which 400 are free. The Incumbent of St. John’s had the first presentation to the living, but the patronage will henceforth be vested in the Vicar of Newcastle 3 the net income is £150 : the Rev. William; Maughan, curate and evening lecturer of St. John’s, was presented in July, 1843. The tithes have been com- muted for rent-charges amounting to £244. I7. 5., of which £89. 8. are payable to the Bishop, a similar sum to the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle, and £66. 1. 5. to the vicar of the parish, who has also a glebe of above 12 acres. There are places of worship for Wesleyans and Primitive Methodists 3 and a school, belonging to the Church, the master of which is allowed a house and schoolroom by Mr. Ord, and coal by the owners of the colliery. The site of the burial-ground attached to the prior’s chapel is marked by a. few tomb-stones the old ruins were demolished in 1831. BENWICK, a chapelry, in the parish of Dodding- TON, union and hundred of North Witchrord, Isle of Ely, county of Cambridge, miles (S. W.) from March 3 containing 6/9 inhabitants. The chapel is de- dicated to St. James. A rent-charge of £754. 13. 10. has been aw^arded as a commutation in lieu of the tithes.. BEOLEY {St, Leonard), a parish, in the union of King’s-Norton, Upper division of the hundred of PershorEj Northfield and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, 7^ miles (E. by 8.) from Bromsgrove 3 containing 657 inhabitants. It belonged successively to the noble families of Mortimer, Beauchamp, and Hol- land, of whose ancient castle there are some remains 3. 207 and in the reign . of Charles I. the manor was the pro- perty of Ralph Sheldon, a distinguished royalist, whose mansion was burnt, to prevent its falling into the posses- sion of the parliamentarians. The parish is on the bor- ders of Warwickshire, and is intersected at its eastern extremity by the road from Birmingham to Alcester 3 it contains 4487 acres. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. Id. lOj. 3 net income, £73 3 patron and impropriator, W. Holmes, Esq. BEPTON, or Bebton, a parish, in the union of Midhurst, hundred of Easebourne, rape of Chiches- ter, W. division of Sussex, 2|: miles (S. W.) from Mid- hurst 3 containing 207 inhabitants. The parish comprises a portion of the South Downs, and part of it is compre- hended within the electoral boundaries of the borough of Midhurst, It contains by estimation 1098 acres, of which 312 are arable, 434 meadow and pasture, 100 woodland, and 252 common and down land. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8, and in the gift of the family of Poyntz : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £140, and the glebe comprises 20 acres. The church consists of a nave and chancel, and is in the early English style. BERDON {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Bishop-Stortford, hundred of Clavering, N. division of Essex, 5 miles (S. W.) from Newport 3 con- taining 391 inhabitants. It is on the west borders of the county of Hertford, and comprises 1771<^* 3r. 37p. y the soil, which is chiefly strong and heavy, is in some parts light, but generally fertile. An act for inclosing lands was obtained in 1838, at which time 13 acres were appropriated for the recreation of the inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, annexed to the vicarage of Ugley : the tithes are impropriate in the Governors of Christ’s Hospital, and have been commuted for a rent-charge of £360. The church is an ancient edifice. A priory of Augustine canons was founded in the reign of Henry III., of which the revenue at the Dissolution amounted to £35. 5. l|:. The Rev. Joseph Mede, a learned commentator on the Book of Revelations, was born here in 1586. BERE-CHURCH {St. Michael), a parish, in the union, and within the liberties of the borough, of Col- chester, N. division of Essex, miles (S. by W.) from Colchester 3 containing 146 inhabitants. The liv- ing is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £1003 patron and impropriator. Sir G. H. Smyth, Bart., of Bere- Church Hall, to whose family, and to the memory of Lord Audley, there are monuments in the church. BERGH-APTON {St. Peter and St. Paul), a pa- rish, in the union of Loddon and Clavering, hundred of Clavering, E. division of Norfolk, 7| miles (S. E.) from Norwich 3 containing 564 inhabitants. It com^ prises 1938a. 3r. 2lp., and was formerly two parishes, Bergh and Apton. The living is a rectory, to which a mediety of the rectory of Holveston is annexed, valued in the king’s books at £13. 6. 8., and in the gift of the Earl of Abergavenny : the tithes have been_commuted for a rent-charge of £585, and one of £5. 5, is paid to the rector of Rockland 3 the glebe comprises 48 acres, with a handsome house attached. The church, situated on an eminence, is a neat cruciform structure^ enlarged in 1838. A national school, with a house for a mistress,, in the Tudor style, was erected in 1839* There is a town estate, consisting of 60, aore;s„ which lets for £80^ BERK BERK applied to general purposes ; also a poor’s estate, com- prising 23 acres, which lets for £26 per annum. A church existed at Apton, dedicated to St. Martin, but there are no remains of it. BERGHOLT, EAST (St, Maey), a parish, in the incorporation and hundred of Samford, E. division of Suffolk, 3~ miles (N. W.) from Manningtree j contain- ing 1461 inhabitants. It comprises 3063a. 2r. 34p., and is situated on the river Stour, which forms its southern boundary. The living is a rectory, consolidated with that of Brantham : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £820, and there are 20 ^ acres of glebe. The church is a large and handsome edifice, of which the steeple was never finished. There is a place of wor- ship for Independents. Lettice Dykes, in 1589, gave property, now producing about £40 per annum, to endow a free school, which was built by subscription, on land given by Edward Lamb 3 and a national school has been established. The Knights Templars had a manor here. BERGHOLT, WEST (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Lexden and Winstree, Colchester division of the hundred of Lexden, N. division of Essex, 3| miles (N. W.) from Colchester 3 containing 822 inhabitants. It derives its name from the Saxon Berg, a hill, and Holt, a wood 3 and comprises 2274a. ISp., of which 1733 acres are arable, 119 pasture, and 108 wood. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £103 net income, £454 3 patron, William Fisher, Esq. The church is an ancient edifice, consisting of a nave and south aisle, separated by massive pillars, and a chancel, with a wooden turret surmounted by a shingled spire. A chantry was founded here in 1331, by J. De Bures, for a priest to officiate at the altar of the Virgin Mary. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A national school has been erected 3 and on the village green are three almshouses. BERKELEY (St. Mary), a market-town and pa- rish, in the union of Thornburv, Upper division of the hundred of Berkeley, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 17 miles (S. W.) from Gloucester, 19 (N. E.) from Bristol, and 114 (W. by N.) from London 3 comprising the tythings of Alkington, Breadstone, Ham, Hamfallow, and Hinton, and the chapelry of Stone 3 and containing 4405 inhabitants. This place, according to Sir Robert Atkyns, the historian of Gloucestershire, derives its name from the Saxon Beorc, a birch-tree, and Leas, a pasture, from which it has been inferred that the parish was formerly remarkable for the growth of birch-trees. From the fertility of the soil, and its con- tiguity to the river Severn, it has always been a place of considerable importance, and at a very early period gave name to the great manor of Berkeley, which during the heptarchy was held of the crown, at £500. 17 . 2 . per annum, by Roger de Berkeley, a near relative of Edward the Confessor, and lord of Dursley, from whom the earliest authentic pedigree of the Berke- ley family is deduced. Berkeley, notwithstanding the residence of the oldest branches of the family in their castle at Dursley, w^as a market-town, and had a nun- nery endowed with the large manor of Berkeley. The time of the foundation of this establishment, and the name of the founder, are not known 3 but its suppres- sion, prior to the Conquest, was effected by the perfidi- ous avarice of Earl Godwin, who, in order to obtain its ample revenues, introduced his nephew into the convent \ 208 for the purpose of seducing the sisterhood, and, on the accomplishment of the design, artfully reporting to his sovereign the state of the establishment, procured its dissolution, and was rewarded for his treachery with a grant of its lands. A few years afterwards, William the Conqueror, professing high regard for all the relatives of Edward the Confessor, granted the manor of Berkeley to Roger Berkeley, of Dursley, by whose descendants it was held till the reign of Flenry II., when, refusing to pay the fee-farm rent, and also taking part with Ste- phen, they were dispossessed by the former monarch, who bestowed the manor upon Robert Fitz-Hardinge, the descendant of a younger son of the king of Den- mark, and at that time mayor of Bristol, who, being a man of great wealth, materially assisted Henry in his contest with Stephen. Fitz-Hardinge, however, was so greatly annoyed in his new possessions by the Berke- leys of Dursley, that Henry II. interfered to make peace between them, which he ultimately effected by arrang- ing a marriage between Maurice, son of Robert Fitz- Hardinge, and the daughter of Roger de Berkeley, upon which the former assumed the name of Berkeley, and from this union descended the present family of Berke- ley 3 the male issue of the Berkeleys of Dursley became extinct in 1382. The castle, erected during this reign at the south-east end of the town, out of the ruins of the ancient nunnery, was considerably enlarged by suc- cessive proprietors in the reigns of Edward II. and III., and became one of the principal baronial seats in the kingdom : it has been connected with many transactions of intense political interest, and in the reign of John was one of the places of rendezvous for the confederate barons, who extorted from that monarch the grant of Magna Charta. Edward II. after his deposition was detained a prisoner in the castle under the alternate custody of Lords Berkeley, Montravers, and Gournay 3 and during the sickness of the first, by whom he had been always treated with kindness and humanity, was barbarously murdered by the two latter : the room and bed in which the murder was perpetrated are still shown to persons visiting the castle. During the reigns of Henry VI. and Edward IV. the town suffered materially from the attacks of the Earl of Warwick, who, in right of his wife, laid claim to the castle, of which he endea- voured to obtain possession by force 3 and in the civil war of the 17 th century, being garrisoned for the king, it was besieged by the parliamentarians, to whom, after a vigorous resistance of nine days, it was compelled to surrender. The castle and estates are now the property of Earl Fitz-Hardinge, to whom they were devised by his father, the late Earl of Berkeley. The TOWN is situated on a gentle eminence in the beautiful vale of Berkeley, at the distance of two miles from the river Severn, the tides ol which, flowing up the Berkeley Avon, render it navigable to the town for ves- sels of forty or fifty tons’ burthen. At present it consists only of two streets irregularly built, of which the prin- cipal is well paved, and contains a few good houses : the surrounding scenery is pleasing 3 and the ancient castle, which has been partly modernised as the residence of Earl Fitz-Hardinge, forms an interesting feature in the landscape. The trade is principally in coal, which is brought from the forest of Dean, by the rivers Severn and Avon, for the supply of the neighbourhood. The Berkeley and Gloucester ship canal joins the Severn BERK BERK at Sharpness Point, in the parish, at the distance of two miles from the town, where are the harbour and entrance locks, esteemed one of the finest pieces of masonry in the kingdom 3 the canal, for nearly a mile in length, is separated from the rapid flow of the Severn only by a high and massive wall. The parish, which is the largest in the county, being twenty- seven miles in circumfer- ence, contains some fine pasture 3 and there are exten- sive dairies, from which is produced the celebrated Berkeley cheese : an act for inclosing the waste lands was passed in 1839. The market, which is inconsider- able, is on Tuesday 3 and fairs are held on May 14th and Dec. 1 st : a handsome market-house was erected by subscription in 1825. The corporation exists by prescription, and has scarcely any municipal functions or jurisdiction 3 it consists of a mayor and twelve alder- men, who appoint a serjeant-at-maee, two constables, and other officers. A court for the recovery of small debts within the hundred of Berkeley is held every third Monday 3 and the county magistrates hold a petty- ses- sion every alternate Tuesday. The LIVING is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £32. 15. 7|. 5 pEttron, Earl Fitz-Hardinge 3 appro- priators. Dean and Chapter of Bristol. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £985, and the vicarial for one of £749. 10. 3 there are 7 acres of glebe, annexed to the vicarage, and 1 acre, belonging to the Dean and Chapter. The church is a spacious struc- ture, partly in the later Norman and partly in the early English style, and though greatly altered, still retains some portion of its original character 3 the tower, which is detached, has been rebuilt within the last centur$% There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. The free school was founded in 1696 , by Mr. Samuel Turner, who endowed it with land producing a rental of £383 which endowment was augmented with lands purchased with money given by Mr. John Smith and the Countess of Berkeley, in 17 17, and now let for £17 per annum. John Attwood, in 1626 , bequeathed to the poor, land, which, together with three acres given by Thomas Machin, in 1630, yields a rental of £40 3 and there are various other charitable benefactions. The ancient castle occupies a site nearly circular in form 3 the en- trance from the outer into the inner court is through a massive arched portal, on the left of which is the keep, a fine specimen of Norman military architecture, con- taining the dungeon chamber, without either window or chimney, in which Edward II. was confined 3 in the floor is an opening to the dungeon, which is twenty- eight feet deep 3 the great hall was built in the reign of Edward III. Edward Jenner, M.D. and F.R.S., who introduced the practice of vaccination, was born here in 1742 , and his remains were deposited in the church. BERKESWELL {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Meriden, Solihull division of the hundred of Hemlingford, N. division of the county of Warwick, 6 J miles (W. by N.) from Coventry 3 con- taining 1504 inhabitants. This place is supposed to derive its name from a copious and powerful spring, which, at a short distance from its source, turns a mill. The parish comprises by measurement 5902 acres, of which the surface is flat, and the soil partly strong clay, and partly light earth 5 sandstone is found. The Lon- don and Birmingham railroad intersects the parish, and passes within half a mile, through a tunnel 300 yards VoL. I . — 209 long 3 the river Blythe partly bounds the parish on the west, and it is likewise crossed from south to north by the road between Kenilworth and Coleshill. The living is a rectory, with Barston annexed, valued in the king’s books at £14. 12. 6., and in the gift of Col. Disbrowe : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £79^, and the glebe comprises 63 acres. The church is an ancient structure, originally in the Norman style, of which the chancel still remains 3 the nave and tower are later English. There is an endowment, amounting to about £70 per annum, for the support of a school, which is now conducted on the national plan, and for other charitable purposes. BERKHAMPSTEAD, or North-Church {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Berkhampstead, hundred of Dacorum, county of Hertford, 1^ mile (N. W. by W.) from Great Berkhampstead 3 containing 1265 inhabitants. It comprises 3885a. 2r., of which about 1600 acres are arable, and 206 wood, and surrounds Great Berkhampstead 3 the village is situated in a valley. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £21. 1. 3., and in the patronage of the Crowm, in right of the duchy of Cornwall : the tithes have been com- muted for a rent- charge of £900, and there are nearly 1 1 acres of glebe. A national school is partly supported by the rector 3 and there are several gifts to the poor. On the top of the western hill are the small but interest- ing ruins of Marlin chapel, which is supposed to have been demolished by Oliver Cromwell 3 the remaining walls are chiefly supported by ivy of strong and luxuriant growth, and in the area are some large timber trees. BERKHAMPSTEAD, GREAT {St. Peter), a market-town and parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Dacorum, coun- ty of Hertford, 25^ miles (W. by S.) from Hertford, and 26 (N. W. by W.) from London 3 containing 2979 inhabitants. The Saxon name of this place, Berg- hamstede, is derived from its situation, either on a hill or near a fortress, which latter, from the site of the present town, appears to be the more probable. It is a town of considerable antiquity, the kings of Mercia having had a castle here, to which circumstance may be attributed its early growth and subsequent importance. Accord- ing to Spelman, Wightred, King of Kent, assisted at the council held here in 697. At the time of the Conquest, William, on his arrival at the place, was met by Stigand, Archbishop of Canterbury, who tendered his submission 3 but on leaving Berkhampstead, his march was greatly obstructed by the opposition of Frederick, abbot of St. Alban’s, who caused the roads to be blocked up, by cutting down the trees, and, on his arrival at St. Alban’s, exacted an oath from him that he would observe the ancient laws of the realm, particularly those of Edward the Confessor. Robert, Earl of Moreton, to whom the Conqueror gave the town, built a castle here, which was subsequently taken from his son William, who had re- belled against Henry I., and by that monarch’s order razed to the ground. Henry II. held his court here for some time, and conferred many privileges on the town. 2 E Arms, BERK BERK Tfre castle was rcbinlt in the reign of Johh^ arid sotm after besieged by Louis, Dauphin of France, who had come over to assist the barons that were in arms against the king. In the 11th of Edwa^rd III., Berkhampstead sent two representatives to the great council at West- minster 5 and James I., who selected the place -as a nursery for his children, ^granted the inhabitants a charter of incorporation j but they were so impoverished during the civil war in the reign of his son Charles I., that they were tinable to maintain their privileges, and the charter became forfeited. The TOWN is pleasantly situated in a deep valley, on the south-western bank of the river BulboUrne, and con- sists of two streets intersecting at right angles, the principal of which, nearly a mile in length, contains several handsome houses 5 the aifr is highly salubrious, and the inhabitants ate amply supplied with water. Assemblies are held regularly during the season. The manufacture of wOodeti bowls, spoons, and other articles of a like kind, formerly prevailed, but it is on the de- cline j and the making of lace, which was also carried on extensively, has ^iven place to the platting of straw, in which the fetnale part of the population are chiefty employed. The Grand Junction canal, which passes by the town, affords an extensive line of inland navigation;^ and the railroad from London to Birmingham runs dlose to the canal, and has a station at this point of the line. and endowed by tbe Countess of Bridgwater; Afin^^ houses for six aged widows were founded in 1681, >and endowed with £1000, by Mr. John Sayerj which en- dowment was augmented with £300 by his widow, In 1713 j with £^ 6. 5. per anntim by Mrs. Martha Deere, in 1784 5 and with £400 by the Rev. Geo. Nugent and Mrs. Elizabeth Nugent, in 1822. King James I. gaVC £100, and Charles I. £200, for providing employment and fuel for the poor, and there are also several other bequests for charitable uses. Tbe union, of which ^the town Is the head, comprises ten parishes and places, of which seven are in the county of Hertford, and three in that of Bucks p and contains a population of 11,512. There are slight vestiges df the ancient -residence of the Mercian kings, on theUdrth side of the town 5 and at the north-east end of Castle- street are the remains of the castle, consisting principally of walls of an elliptical form, defended on the north-west side by a double, and on the -other sides by a triple, moat ; the entrance was at the south-east angle, where there are two wide piers, between which probably was the drawbridge. An hos- pital, dedicated to St. James, formerly existed, but there -are no vestiges of It. At the end of the High- street Is a spring of clear water, called^t. James's Well, to which medicinal properties are attributed. The poet Cowper was born here in 1731 . BERKHAMPSTEAD, little (S^t. apa- The market is on Saturday; the market-house is an ancient building in the centre of the town. Fairs are held on Shrove-TUesday and Whit-Monday, >and there is also a statute fair at Michaelmas. The County magi- strates hold a petty-session on the first and third Tues- days in every month 3 and a court leet for the honour of Berkhampstead, which is part of the duchy of Corn- wall, is held at Michaelmas. The prison is used as a house of correction, and for the temporary confinement of malefactors previously to their committal to the county gaol. The LIVING is a rectory, valued in the king’s hooks at £20, and in the patronage of the Crown, in right of the duchy of Cornwall : the tithes have been commuted fot* a rent-charge of £434, and tbeVe are 2 acres of glebe. The church is a spacious cruciform structure, exhibiting some fine portions in the several 'Styles of English 'archi- tecture 5 the tower, rising from the intersection, and highly enriched with sculpture, was built by Richard Torrington, in the reign of Henry YHI. 3 within the church are two chapels at the eastern end, one dedi- cated to St. John, the other to St. Catharine, and some interesting monuments. There are places of worship for Baptists, the Society of Friends, and Independents. The free grammar school was instituted in the time of Henry VIIL, and endowed with lands belonging to the dissolved guild of St. John the Baptist': in the' succeed- ing reign it was made a royal foundation 3 the master, usher, and ehaplain, were incorporated by a^t' of parlia- ment 3 and the Warden of All Saints’ College, Oxford, was appointed visiter. A '^charity school. Called ^tho Blue-coat schodl, for tvventy hoys and ten girls, was founded in 1 727, by Mr. Thomas Bourne, who etidOwCd it wi^h £8000 3 the property flow consists of «£0300ln the New South Sea annuities. A Sunday ' ^hool was endowed by the Rev. George Nhgent, with the Interest of £100, since invested in the three per Cent. cOnsolsi 5 and a national school for girls has been lately ^erected rish, in the union, hundred, and county of Hertford, 4f miles (S. W. by S.) from Hertford 3 containing 555 inhabitants. The surface is hilly, and the soil consists of clay and gravel. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 3. 6J., and in the gift of the Marquess of Salisbury : the tithes have been commuted for-areht-charge of £250. 18. 4., -and there are nearly 39 acres of glebe. At How Green is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and a national school has been recently erected. On an elevated 'situation, near 'an-old manOr- houSe, a circular to vver of brick, 100 i^feet in k eight, termed the Observatory, has been erected. Which com- mands an extensive prospect. BERKLEY {St. Mary);, a parish, in the union and hundred of -Frome, E. division of Sqm^erset, 2 J miles (E. N. E.;) from Frame, enviihe road from Bath to Salis- bury 3 containing 496 inhabitants. This place 'appears to have formed part of the possessions of the New- borough Tanlily, 'Who were relatives to, end came over to England with, William the Conqueror, and one of Whose descendants, Thomas Newborough, Was interred in the church in 1531. 'The parish, which comprises about I8OO acres, is richly wooded, end abounds’ With pleasing Scenery ; freestone, resembling that of Bath, but of 'harder quality. Is ejitensively quarried for build- ing, ^and limestone abounds. The diving is a rectory, valued In the kingVs books at £7. 9- and in the gift of Sir John iMdrdaiint : JJie ^titheskavekeen « com- muted for a rent-charge 6f '£354, ^and the ^glebe com- prises '5 fi:JaGfes 5 a irent- charge Of £9 is elSo payable to fhe ^rector df Beokiiigton. 'The dhttreh was erected in 175 1 . ' A parochial 'school is supported ky "Sir John Mordaunt, Bart. Sir^ iJ ohn ' Golbdrfie, afterwards - Lord Seaton, rekded in the -rectory-houSe' for some time. BERKSHIRE, 'an Inland county, hounded on - the norfh ky Oxfordshire >a'nd ' the southern part of Buck- inghamshire,' on the east by the counties Of Bucking- ham ^and Surrey, On the>s0uth by that'Of Southampton, 210 BERK BERM other private property 5 6OO, encroachments upon the wastes 3 and the remaining 24,500 acres, open forest land, including heaths and water. Berkshire was formerly one of the principal seats of the clothing trade, which, about the middle of the 1 7th century, was carried on to a very considerable extent, particularly at Abingdon, Reading, and Newbury, and in their vicinities. Sacking and saihcloth were also made at Abingdon and Wantage ; and silk is yet manu- factured on a small scale at Wokingham. There are several large breweries, especially at Windsor, which is celebrated for its ale, several paper-mills on the banks of the Kennet, and numerous corn- mills. The principal rivers are the Thames, the Kennet, the Loddon, the Ock, and the Lambourn. The Thames forms the entire northern boundary of Berkshire, in a circuitous course of nearly 105 miles, in the whole of which it is naviga- ble, and is augmented by the influx of all the others before it quits the county. The Kennet is navigable, partly by means of artificial collateral cuts, to its junc- tion with the Thames a little below Reading. The Kennet and Avon canal, constructed under an act ob- tained in 1794, connects the navigable channel of the former river at Newbury with that of the latter at Bath 3 and at Simington, in the county of Wilts, the Wiltshire and Berkshire canal, formed under an act obtained in 1795, branches from it, and, entering this county at Hackson bridge, near Shrivenham, traverses the Vale of White Horse, to the Thames at Abingdon. The north-western part of the shire also derives some advantage from the Oxford and the Thames and Severn canals 3 and the south-eastern, from the Basingstoke canal. The Great Western railway enters. the county a little to the east of Maidenhead, and passes on the south side of that town, to Reading, after which it skirts the border of the county as far as to the north of Basildon Park, where it crosses the Thames into Oxfordshire, and runs for a short distance along the boundary of that county, re-crossing the Thames a little above South Stoke, and again entering Berkshire, whence it proceeds to Wilts. The REMAINS OF ANTIQUITY are various and interest- ing. The Roman stations were, Spince, at the present village of Speen 3 that called Bibracie, the exact site of which is yet undecided 3 and an important station, the name of which has not been transmitted to modern times, at Wallingford. Several Roman roads crossed the county 3 but it is difficult to reconcile their courses to any general theory, or to fix with precision the exact places to which they tended. The principal were, one from Glevum, now Gloucester, to London 3 and the Ikeneld-streef, which enters from Oxfordshire at Streat- ley, where it divides into two branches, one of which, under the name of the Ridgway, runs along the entire northern verge of the chalk hills, and may be regarded as the main line, and the other, under the name of the Westridge, passes by Hampstead Hermitage, the Long Lane, and the vicinity of Newbury, to Old Sarum in Wilts. Another very ancient, and perhaps a Roman/, road enters from Wiltshire, on the north-western cch- fines of the county, under the name of the Port-:Way, and appears to have taken a direction towards some spot south of Wallingford. There are also numerous remains of camps, of which it is thought that Letcombe Castle and Uffington Castle, both occupying commanding situ- 212 ations on the downs, were constructed by the Britons and subsequently used by the Romans. In a field about half a mile from Little Coxwell is a space of fourteen acres, styled Cole’s Pits, in which are 273 pits, for the most part circular, and excavated in the sand to the depth of from seven to twenty-two feet : they are supposed to mark the sites of ancient British habita- tions. Near Uffington Castle is the rude figure of a horse, giving name to the hills and vale of White Horse, and which is formed by cutting away the turf on the steep brow of the chalk hill above Uffington, and occupies about an acre of ground. At a little distance from this is a mount called Dragon hill, supposed to mark the place of interment of some British chieftain 3 and many tumuli are dispersed over the downs, espe- cially in the way from Uffington to Lambourn, where a group of them has acquired the name of the Seven Barrows.” Within the limits of the county were an- ciently twelve religious houses, including an alien priory, and two commanderies of the Knight Hospitallers 3 also three colleges, of which that of the royal chapel of St. George, at Windsor, still remains 3 and ten hospitals, five of which yet exist, namely, two at Abingdon, and one each at Donnington, Lambourn, and Newbury. Of the magnificent abbey built by Henry I. at Reading, little more than rude heaps of stones can now be seen 3 but there are considerable remains of the church of the Grey Friars there, converted into a bridewell. There are likewise some vestiges of the monasteries of Abing- don, Hurley, and Bisham, and of the collegiate church of Wallingford. The fragment of a wall, and extensive ditches and earthworks, indicate the site of the impor- tant castle of Wallingford 3 and there yet exist ruins of the gateway of that of Donnington. The most remark- able mansion, in point of antiquity, is the manor-house at Appleton, which appears to be of as remote a date as the reign of Henry II. Berkshire has for a series of centuries derived some degree of celebrity from contain- ing, at its easternmost extremity, one of the chief resi- dences of the kings of England, — the vast and magni- ficent pile of Windsor Castle 5 and there are also many seats of the nobility and gentry, distinguished for their architectural beauties. The mineral waters are unim- portant, the following only possessing any note, viz., a mild cathartic at Cumner 3 a weak chalybeate at Sun- ninghill 5 a strong chalybeate in the parish of Woking- ham, called Gorrick Well 3 and some springs near Windsor, of the quality of the Epsom waters. The county gives the title of Earl to the family of Howard, Earls of Suffolk and Berkshire. BERMERSLEY, a township, in the parish of Nor- ton-on-the-Moors, union of Leek, N. division of the hundred of Pirehill, and of the county of Stafford, 6:^ miles (N. N. E.) from Newcastle-under-Line3 con- taining 211 inhabitants. BERMONDSEY {St. Mary Magdalene), a parish and union, in the borough of Southwark, E. division of the hundred of Brixton and of Surrey, l| mile (S. S. E.) from London 3 containing 34,947 inhabitants. This place, in Domesday book, is described as a royal demesne, and, in other ancient records, as having been occasionally the residence of William the Conqueror, and his successor, William Rufus, who had a palace here. In 1089 , a priory for Cluniac monks was founded by Aldwin Child, a citizen of London, as a cell to the BERM B E R R abbey of La Charite in France, from which establish- ment brethren of that order are said to have been sent hither through the influence of Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury. To this monastery William Rufus and some of his successors were great benefactors. Henry I. gave the palace to the monks, for the enlargement of their cloister, reserving part of it as a residence for himself, in which King John having subsequently re- sided, it obtained the appellation of King John’s Palace, and has been by some antiquaries considered rather the original site than, as it was in reality, only an appendage to the monastery. This establishment in- creased so much in wealth and importance that it was found necessary to enlarge the buildings j and an hospital was erected adjoining iL in 1213, for the re- ception of their converts and the education of children of indigent parents, which was dedicated to St. Thomas the Martyr. In the 45th of Edward III. it was se- questrated, with other alien priories, to the use of the crown, but was re-established. Richard II. elevated it into an abbey, and it retained its grandeur and import- ance till the Dissolution, when its revenue was estimated at £548. 2. 5f. The site appears to have been very ex- tensive, comprising the present churchyard, and an adjoining area, still called King John’s Court 3 and vestiges of the palace and conventual buildings may be traced in the gardens of the houses which have been erected on the site : a gateway, which was standing in I8O7, has been taken down, in order to form Abbey- street. Bermondsey owes its origin to the monastery, in the vicinity of which a gradual accumulation of build- ings had formed a village in the reign of Edward III., when a church was founded by the prior, for the use of the inhabitants. In this religious house Catharine of France, widow of Henry V., lived in retirement, and died in 1436 5 and here also, in 1486, Elizabeth, queen of Edward IV., who was sentenced by the council to forfeiture of lands, ended her life in confinement, and was interred at Windsor. Bermondsey is situated on the southern bank of the river Thames : the houses are in general ancient and irregularly built, but there are several modern and hand- some structures 3 the streets are paved, and well lighted with gas, and the inhabitants are supplied with water from the South London and the Southwark water-works. A great alteration has lately taken place by the form- ation of the London and Greenwich railway, which com- mences near the foot of London bridge, and crosses the parish by means of a magnificent viaduct of lofty arches, for the construction of which numbers of houses were purchased by the directors and pulled down along the line, which also serves for the London and Croydon railway -trains. The tanning of leather is carried on to a very great extent 3 thereT are numerous woolstaplers, fellmongers, curriers, and manufacturers of vellum and parchment, besides an extensive hat-factory, vinegar- works, distillery, and brewery. The situation is also favourable to other trades 3 there are a small dock and several yards for boat-builders, and there are likewise rope- makers, anchor- smiths, and stave-merchants, and an establishment for the printing and dyeing of calico. About 200 acres in the parish are cultivated for the production of vegetables. The LIVING is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £15. 8. 11^., and in the patronage of Mrs. Knapp 3 213 net income, £514. The parish church, of which the west front and tower were repaired and embellished in 1830, is in the later English style. A district church, dedicated to St. James, was completed in 1828, partly by a grant from the Parliamentary Commissioners, at an expense of £21,412. 19. 3 it is a handsome edifice, in the Grecian style, with a tower and a portico of four pillars of the Ionic order. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £300 3 patron. Rector of Bermond- sey. There are places of worship for Independents and Wesleyans 3 and a handsome and spacious Roman Catholic chapel was erected in 1834, at a cost of about £6000. Close to it is a convent of the Sisters of Mercy, erected in 1839, for about forty inmates, with a private chapel and a schoolroom for 300 female children 3 it cost about £4000. "The Bermondsey Free School,” for sixty boys, who are instructed in reading, writing, and arithmetic, was founded in 1709, by Mr. Josiah Bacon, who left £700 for building the premises, and £150 per annum for its endowment ; the schoolroom, which was erected in 1718, in the Grange road, is a neat brick building, having a bust of the founder in a niche over the entrance. The united " Charity Schools,” established in 171^, are supported partly by subscrip- tion, and partly by an endowment of £109. I6. 4. per annum, arising from several donations : the whole in- come is about £550, for which 224 boys and 150 girls are instructed, of whom 60 boys and 40 girls are also clothed. There are other schools supported by sub- scription, one of which has a small endowment 3 one in Great George-street, in which are 300 boys, is on the British system 3 two for Roman Catholics contain 200 boys and 200 girls 3 and in another, connected with the Independents, are 20 boys and 32 girls. In 1770, a chalybeate spring was discovered, and a spa established, which, for many years, was a celebrated place of enter- tainment. Israel Mauduit, an ingenious writer on poli- tics and commerce, was born here in I7O8. BERNERS-ROOTHING.---See Roothing, Ber- ners. BERRICK-PRIOR, a liberty, in the parish of New- ington, union of Wallingford, hundred of Ewelme, county of Oxford, 4 ^ miles (N. N. E.) from Walling- ford 3 containing 181 inhabitants. BERRICK- SALOME, a chapelry, in the parish of Chalgrove, union of Wadlingford, hundred of Ewelme, county of Oxford, 2^ miles (N.) from Ben- sington3 containing 164 inhabitants. The chapel is dedicated to St. Helen. Here is a school with a small endowment. BERRIER, a township, in the parish of Greystock, union of Penrith, Leath ward, E. division of Cumber- land, 8 miles (W. by S.) from Penrith 3 containing, with the township of Murrah, 127 inhabitants, of whom 65 are in Berrier. Mary Jackson, in 1799^ left £230 in reversion, to found and endow a school for girls, which was built by subscription in 1828. BERRINGTON, a township, in the parish of Kyloe, union of Berwick - upon - Tweed, in Islandshire, county of Durham, though locally northward, and for parliamentary purposes connected with the N. division, of Northumberland 3 adjoining Berwick, and con- taining 316 inhabitants. BERRINGTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Chip- ping-Campden, union of Shipston-on-Stour, Upper B E R R B E R W division of tbe hundred of Kiftsgate^ E. division of the of which there are still some remains. The parish com-r county of Gloucester 3 containing 158 inhabitants. prises by measurement 4335 acres, of which 2629 are BERRINGTON, a township, in the parish of Eye, arable, 1204 pasture, 237 woodland, and 167 orchardi, and is intersected by the navigable river Dart 3 the low union of Leominster, hundred of Wolphy, county of Hereford, 3| miles (N. N. E.) from Leominster. BERRINGTON [All Saints), a parish, in the union of Atcham, hundred of Condover, S. division of Salop, 5^ miles (S. E. by S.) from Shrewsbury 3 con- taining 651 inhabitants. The navigable river Severn passes through the parish. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 12. 1. 3 net income, £393 3 patron. Lord Berwick. BERRINGTON, a hamlet, in the parish and union of Tenbury, Upper division of the hundred of Dod- DiNGTREE, Hundred House and W, divisions of the county of Worcester, 2 miles (W. by S.) from Ten- bury 3 containing 207 inhabitants. The hamlet com- prises 1261 acres, and forms the most eastern district of the county, being bounded on the north by the river Teme, and surrounded on the west and south by a por- tion of the county of Hereford, BERROW (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Axbridge, hundred of Brent with Wrtngton, E, division of Somerset, 9| miles (W. by S.) from Ax- bridge : containing 578 inhabitants. The parish is situated on a small inlet from the Bristol Channel, to which it gives the name of Berrow bay, and by which it is bounded on the west. It comprises 1650 acres of land, of which the soil is various 3 the range of sand- hills that bound the coast contain many botanical and entomological rarities. The living is a discharged vicar- age, valued in the king’s books at £13. 11. 10^. ; patron and appropriafor. Archdeacon of Wells, whose tithes have been commuted, for a rent-charge of £102, and who has 18 acres of glebe : the vicarial tithes have been commuted for £218. 13., and there is an acre of glebe. The church is a neat edifice, but is likely to be buried in the sands, which, have accumulated to such an extent, that the wall of the churchyard is twenty feet below the surface of the ground. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans 3 and a school is supported by subscription. BERROW (St. Frith), a parish, in the union of Upton-upon-Severn, and in a detached part of the Lower division of the hundred of Oswaldslow, locally in the Lower division of the hundred of Pershore, Upton and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, 7 miles (W.) from Tewkesbury 3 containing 480 inhabit- ants. The parish is bounded on the west by portions of the counties of Hereford and Gloucester, the three counties uniting at its western extremity 3 and it com- prises 2028a. 2r. 35jo., of which about two-fifths are arable, two-fifths pasture, and one-fifth woodland. The road between Tewkesbury and Ledbury passes near its northern border. The living is a perpetual curacy, valued in the king’s books at £7. 18. 4 . 3 net income, £84 3 patrons and appropriators. Dean, and Chapter of Worcester. BERRY-POMEROY (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Totnes, hundred of Haytor, Paignton and S. divisions of Devon, 1^ mile (E. N. E.) from Totnes 3 con- taining, with the township of Bridgetowm, 1149 inhabit- ants. This place derives its distinguishing appellation from a family of that name, one of whom, Ralph de Pomeroy, soon after the Conquest, founded a castle here, 214 lands are rich and fertile, abounding in, irrigated meadows and fruitful orchards, and on the high grounds are produced excellent cropS: of corn. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £18. I9. 7* 5 patron and impropriator, Duke of Somerset : the great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £400, and the vicarial for one of £420, with a, glebe of 3 acres. The church, contains a finely-carved screen and rood- loft. A chapel in the pointed style was erected at Bridgetown, at the expense of the patron, in 1832. BERRYN-ARBOR (St, Peter), a parish, in the union of Barnstaple, hundred of Braunton, Braun- ton and N. divisions of Devon, 2f miles (E. by 8.) from. Ilfracombe 3 containing 899 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 5000 acres of fertile land 3 limestone of fine quality is quarried to a considerable extent. The liv- ing is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £34. 15. 10. 3 patrons, in turn. Bishop of Exeter, the Fursdon family. Rev. E. W. Richards, and J. D. Basset, Esq, : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £545, and the glebe comprises 130 acres, with a house. The church is a neat edifice, with a handsome tower. There is a place of worship for Independents 3 and schools are supported by subscription. Bishop, Jew^ell, celebrated for his controversy in support of the Protestant faith, was born here in 1522. BERSTED, SOUTH (*S't. Mary Magdalene), a pa- rish, in the hundred of Aldwick, rape of Chichester, W. division of Sussex, 6 miles (S. E.) from Chichester 3 containing, with the town of Bognor, and the tythings of North and South Bersted, and Shripney, 2490: inha- bitants, of whom 194 are in North Bersted;. It com- prises 2455 acres, of which about 1575 acres are arable, 774 pasture, and 6 woodland 5 the surface is pleasingly varied, and the soil is in general a rich loam resting upon a reddish clay or brick earth, and in some parts sand and gravel. The village, which formerly consisted only of a few fishermen’s cottages, has been greatly im- proved within the last few years. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 7 . 18. 9 . 3 patron, the Archbishop of Canterbury 3 appropriators, the Dean and Chapter, whose tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £810, and those of the vicar for £400. The church, erected in 1400, is a plain edifice, with a tower surmounted by a low spire of shingles 3 in the church- yard is the tomb of Sir Richard Hotham, Knt., founder of the town of Bognor. A chapel of ease, dedicated to St. John, was erected at Bognor, and consecrated in 1822. Stephen de Berghestede,” who was elevated to. the see of Chichester in 1262, was a native of the place 3 and Dr. Lloyd, Bishop of Oxford, was vicar of the parish. BERWICK, a parish, in the union of West Firle, hundred of Longbridge, rape of Pevensey, E. division of Sussex, 3 miles (E. S. E.) from Lewes 3 containing 199 inhabitants. It comprises about 1000 acres, of which the soil is chiefly chalk, clay, and rich loam 3 and is bounded on the east by the Cuckmere river, and in- tersected by the road from Lewes to Eastbourne. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 6. 8., and in the gift of John Ellrnan, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £387. 10., and the B E R W B E R W glebe consists of *21 acres. „ The church is a handsome structure in the later English style^, with a tower for- merly surmounted by a spire^ which was destroyed by lightning in 1774. A parochial school is supported by subscription. Wood fossils are found in a sand-pit. BERWICK (St. James), a parish, in the union of Wilton, hundred of Branch and Dole, Salisbury and Amesbury, and S. divisions of Wilts, 8 miles (N. W.) from Salisbury 3 containing 247 inhabitants. This pa- rish, situated on the road from Salisbury to Devizes, comprises by computation 2300 acres of arable and pasture land, of which the soil is fertile, and the sub- stratum chiefly chalk 5 many sheep are fed on the Downs. A fair is held on the 4th of October. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 10. 3 net income, £54 3 patron and impropriator. Lord Ashburton. The church is a very substantial building, having in the north transept a curious stone pulpit, which has been much noticed by antiquaries, and until within these few years was used by the offi- ciating minister. A school is supported by subscription. BERWICK (St. John), a parish, in the union of Tisbury, hundred of Chalk, Hindon and S. divisions of Wilts, miles (E. by S.) from Shaftesbury 3 con- taining 419 inhabitants. It comprises about 1 700 acres, of which the surface is hilly, and the soil consists of all the varieties of clay, chalk, and sand. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £26. 13. 4., and in the gift of New College, Oxford : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £500, and there are 53^ acres of glebe. The church is a handsome edifice in the later English style. There is a place of worship for Baptists 3 and a school-house was built by the rector in 1835. About a mile southward from the village is an intrenchment, called Winkelbury Camp, supposed to have been constructed by the Romans. BERWICK (St. Leonard), a parish, in the union of Tisbury, hundred of Dunworth, Hindon and S. divi- sions of Wilts, 1 mile (E.) from Hindon 3 containing 41 inhabitants. This parish, situated on the road from London to Exeter, comprises by measurement 1200 acres of fertile land. A fair for sheep is held on St. Leonard’ s-day, the 6th of November, and is numerously attended. The ancient manor-house, now in ruins, was for many years the residence of the Howe family, of whom Sir George Howe had the honour to entertain the Prince of Orange in I688 ; he also represented the borough of Hindon in parliament in I66O. The living is a rectory, with the perpetual curacy of Sedghill an- nexed, valued in the king’s books at £8. 6. 8. 3 net income, £374 3 patron, J. Bennet, Esq. BERWICK-BASSETT (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Marlborough, hundred of Calne, Marl- borough and Ramsbury, and N. divisions of Wilts, 8 miles (N. W. by W.) from Marlborough 3 containing 175 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 1388 acres of fertile land, of which about one-third is pasture 3 there are about 8 acres of wood. The ancient manor- house, many ages since the residence of the Goddard family, is still remaining. The living is a perpetual curacy, united to the vicarage of Caine, and annexed to the treasurership in the Cathedral of Salisbury. The church is a neat plain edifice, and contains a carved screen and font. Henry Webb, in 1775, endowed a school with £14 per annum. 215 BERWICK-HILL, a township, in the parish of Ponteland, union and W. division of Castle ward, S. division of Northumberland, 9j miles (N. N. W.) from Newcastle-upon-Tyne 3 containing 112 inhabitants. The township comprises 1594a. 27p-, of which two-thirds are arable, and the remainder grass land and waste 3 the soil is of a strong quality, producing good crops, particu- larly of grain, and the surface is elevated, and commands fine and extensive views 3 on the south is Prestwick Carr 3 and the river Pont flows on the west and north. The whole is the property of Thomas Stapleton, Esq., brother of Lord Beaumont, of Carlton Hall, Yorkshire. The tithes have been commuted for rent-charges amount- ing to £267' 5. 6., of which £244. 11. 4. are payable to Ralph Carr, Esq., of Dunston Hill, and £22. 14. 2. to the vicar of Ponteland. BERWICK- IN-ELMETT. — See Barwick-in-El- METT. BERWICK, LITTLE, a chapelry, in the parish of St. Mary, in Shrewsbury, N. division of Salop 3 containing 271 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £54 3 patrons, alternately, Hon. H. W. Powys and others. Near the chapel is an almshouse consisting of sixteen tenements, erected under the will of Sir Samuel Jones, dated in I672, and endowed by him with £80 per annum 3 he also bequeathed £40 per annum as a stipend for the minister, and £20 per annum towards repairing the chapel and almshouses, all charged on the Berwick estate. The property of the charity, with funds derived from other sources, yields an income of £183. BERWICK - UPON - TWEED (Holy Trinity), a port, borough, market-town, parish, and county of itself, and the head of a union, 64 miles (N. by W.) from Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and 334 (N. by W.) from Lon- don 3 containing 8484 in- habitants. The name of this town, which Leland sup- poses to have been originally Aherwick, from the British terms, Aher, the mouth of a river, and Wic, a town, is by Camden and other antiquaries considered as expressive merely of a hamlet, or granary annexed to a place of greater importance, such appendages being usually in ancient records styled 6efe«;ics, in which sense of the term Berwick is thought to have obtained its name from having , been the grange of the priory of Coldingharn, ten miles distant. The earliest authentic notice of Berwick occurs in the reign of Alexander I. of Scotland, and in that of Henry II. of England, to the latter of which monarchs it was given up, with four other towns, by William the Lion in 1176, as a pledge for the performance of the treaty of Falaise, by which, in order to obtain his release from captivity after the battle of Alnwick, in 1174, he had engaged to do homage to the English monarch as lord paramount for all his Scottish dominions. Richard I. , to obtain a supply of money for his expedition to the Holy Land, sold the vassalage of Scotland for 10,000 marks, and restored this and the other towiis to William, content with receiving homage for the territories only which that prince held in England. King John, upon Arms. B E R W B E R W jretirmg from an nnsnccessful invasion of Scotland, burnt the town, upon which the Scots almost immediately re- built it. In 1^91, the Commissioners appointed to exa- mine and report on the validity of the title of the i*espective claimants to the crown of Scotland, met at Berwick, and pursued there the investigation which led to the decision in favour of John Balliol. Edward I. having compelled Balliol to resign his crown, took the town by storm in 1296, upon which a dreadful carnage ensued 5 and here he received the homage of the Scottish nobility in the presence of a council of the whole nation, and established a court of exchequer for the receipt of the revenue of the kingdom of Scotland. Wallace, in the following year, having laid siege to the town, took, and for a short time retained possession of it, but was unsuc- cessful in his attempt upon the castle, which was relieved by the arrival of a numerous army. Edward II., in prosecuting the war against Scotland, assembled his army here repeatedly, and made several inroads into the enemy’s territory. Robert Bruce obtained it in 1318, and having razed the walls, and strengthened them with towers, kept it, notwithstanding several attacks from Edward II. and Edward III., until it surrendered to the latter after the celebrated battle of Hallidown Hill, within the borough, which took place on the 19th of July, 1333. As a frontier town it was always the first object of attack on the renewal of hostilities between the two kingdoms, and, after repeated surrenders and sieges, it was ceded to Edward IV., from whom and his succes- sors as well as from preceding kings of Scotland, in- cluding Bruce, it received several charters and privileges in confirmation and enlargement of that granted by Edward I., in which Edward had confirmed to it the enjoyment of the Scottish laws as they existed in the time of Alexander III. After having been exposed during the subsequent reigns to the continued aggressions of the Scots and the English, Elizabeth repaired and strengthened the fortifications, and new walled part of the town ; the garrison which had for some time been placed in it, was continued till the accession of James to the English throne, when its importance as a frontier town ceased : during the civil war in the reign of Charles I., it was garrisoned by the parliament. The TOWN is pleasantly situated on the northern bank, and near the mouth of the river Tweed, the approach to which from the English side is over a handsome stone bridge of fifteen arches, built in the reigns of James I. and Charles I. and connecting it with Tweedmouth on the south. The streets, with the exception of St. Mary- gate, usually called the High-street, Castlegate, Ravens- downe, the Parade, and Hide-hill, are narrow, but neatly paved, and the houses are in general well built : the town is lighted with gas, and an abundant supply of water is obtained by pipes laid down to the houses from the public reservoirs, which are the property of the cor- poration. Fuel is also plentiful, there being several collieries on the south, and one on the north, side of the river, within from two to four miles of the town. A public library was established in 1812, and a reading- room in 1842 3 the theatre, a small neat building, is opened at intervals, and there are assembly-rooms which are used on public occasions. The new fortifications, which are exceedingly strong, have displaced those of more ancient date, of which only a few ruins now re- main 3 the ramparts afford an agreeable promenade, much 216 frequented by the inhabitants. The present works con- sist of a rampart of earth, faced with stone : there are no outworks, with the exception of the old castle, which overlooks the Tweed, and is now completely in ruins, and an earthen battery at the landing place below the Magdalen fields : the line of works towards the river is almost straight, but to the north and east are five bas- tions, to two of which there are powder magazines : the harbour is defended by a four and a six-gun battery near the governor’s house, and a saluting battery, of twenty-two guns, commands the English side of the Tweed. There are five gates belonging to the circum- vallation, by which entrance is obtained. The barracks, which were built in 17 1 9, form a small quadrangle, neatly built of stone, and afford good accommodation for 600 or 700 infantry. To these was recently attached the governor’s house for officers’ barracks 3 but that building and the ground adjoining, formerly the site of the palace of the kings of Scotland, were lately sold by the crown to a timber-merchant, and are now occupied for the purposes of his trade. The PORT was celebrated in the time of Alexander the Third, for the extent of its traffic in wool, hides, salmon, &c., which was carried on both by native merchants, and by a company of Flemings who had settled here 3 the latter of whom perished in the conflagration of their principal establishment, called the Red Hall, which was set on fire at the capture of the town and castle by Edward the First. The port has, at present, a conside- rable coasting trade, though it has somewhat declined since the termination of the continental war : the ex- ports are corn, wool, salmon, cod, haddock, herrings, and coal 3 and the imports, timber- deals, staves, iron, hemp, tallow, and bones for manure. About 800 men are employed in the fishery : the salmon and trout, of which large quantities are caught, are packed in boxes with ice, and sent chiefly to the London market 3 great quantities of lobsters, crabs, cod, haddock, and herrings are also taken, and a large portion forwarded, similarly packed, to the metropolis. The principal articles of manufacture, exclusively of such as are connected with the shipping, are damask, diaper, sacking, cotton hosiery, carpets, hats, boots, and shoes 3 and about 200 hands are employed in three iron-foundries, all established within the present century. Steam-engines, and almost every other article are made, and the gas-light apparatus for Berwick, Perth, and several other places, were manu- factured here, and iron-works have lately been erected at Galashiels, and at Jedburgh by the same proprietors. The HARBOUR is naturally inconvenient, the greater part of it being left dry at ebb-tide 3 it has, however, been recently deepened by several feet, and vessels of large tonnage come to the quay. The river is navigable only to the bridge, though the tide flows for seven miles beyond it ; on account of the entrance being narrowed by sand-banks, great impediments were occasioned to the navigation till the erection in 1808 of a stone pier on the projecting rocks at the north entrance of the Tweed 3 it is about half a mile in length, and has a light-house at the extremity. This, together with the clearing and deepening of the harbour, has materially improved the facilities of navigation, and been of great importance to the shipping interest of the place. On the Tweedmouth shore, for a short space, near the Carr Rock, ships of 400 or 500 tons’ burthen may ride in safety. The smacks B E R W B E S K and small brigs, formerly carrying on the whole traffic of the place, are now superseded by large and well-fitted steam-vessels, schooners, and clipper- ships. There are numerous and extensive quays and w^arehouses, and a patent slip for the repair of vessels. It is proposed to form a railway between Edinburgh and this place, in continuation of the projected railway along the east coast hence to Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The market, which is well supplied with grain, is on Saturday, and there is an annual fair on the last Friday in May, for black cattle and horses 5 statute fairs are also held on the first Saturday in March, May, August, and No- vember. By charter of incorporation granted in the second year of James the farst, the government was vested in a mayor, bailiffs, and burgesses, and there were besides an alderman for the year, a recorder, town-clerk, town- treasurer, four sergeants-at-mace, and other officers 5 but the controul now resides in a mayor, six aldermen, and eighteen councillors, together composing the coun- cil, by whom a sheriff and other officers are appointed. The borough is distributed into three wards, and its municipal and parliamentary boundaries are the same. The mayor and the late mayor are, pro tempore, justices of the peace, and eight other gentlemen have been ap- pointed to act as such under a separate commission. Berwick was one of the royal burghs, which, in ancient times, sent representatives to the court of the four royal burghs in Scotland, and on being annexed to the king- dom of England, its prescriptive usages were confirmed by royal charter. It sent representatives to parliament in the reign of Henry VIII., since which time it has con- tinued to return two members. The right of election was formerly vested in the freemen at large, in number about 1140 3 the number is now between 800 and 900 3 the resident freemen and certain householders are the electors, and the sheriff is returning officer. The limits of the borough include the townships of Tweedmouth and Spittal, lying on the south side of the river. The corporation hold courts of quarter-session for the bo- rough, and a court of pleas every alternate Tuesday, for the recovery of debts to any amount 3 and a court leet is held under the charter, at which the high constable and six petty constables are appointed. The town-hall is a spacious and handsome building, with a portico of four massive circular columns of the Tuscan order, a portion of the lower part of which, called the Exchange, is appropriated to the tise of the poultry and butter market 3 the first story contains two spacious halls and other apartments, iri which the courts are held, and the public business of the corporation transacted, and the upper part is used as a gaol 5 the whole forms a stately pile of fine hewn stone, and is surmounted with a lofty spire, containing a peal of eight bells, which on the sab^ bath day summon the inhabitants to the parish church. The LIVING is a vicarage, within the jurisdiction of the consistorial court of Durham, valued in the king’s books at £20 3 net income, £289 5 patrons and appro- priators, the Dean and Chapter of Durham. The church is a handsome structure in the decorated English style, built during the usurpation of Cromwell, and is without a steeple. One of the Fishbourn lectureships is esta- blished here, the service being performed in the church. There are places of worship for members of the Scottish Kirk, the Associate Synod, the Scottish Relief, Particular VoL. 1.-217 Baptists, Wesleyans, and Roman Catholics. A school for the instruction of the sons of burgesses in English and the mathematics was founded and endowed by the corporation in 179S 3 to each department there is a separate master, paid by the corporation, and the average number of pupils is about 300. The burgesses have also the patronage of a free grammar school, endowed in the middle of the seventeenth century by Sir William Selby, of the Moat, and other charitable persons. The Blue- coat charity-school was founded in 1758 by Captain Bolton, and endowed with £800, since augmented with several benefactions, especially with one of £1000 by Richard Cowle, who died atDantzic in 1819; the whole income is £165, which is applied to educating about 150 boys, of whom 40 are also clothed. The school of in- dustry for girls, established in 1819, affords instruction to 106 girls 3 and there are also several infant, Sunday, and other schools. A pauper lunatic asylum was erected in 1813, and a dispensary was established in 1814. 4 considerable part of the corporation land is allotted into meadows” and stints,” and given rent-free to the re- sident freemen and freemen’s widows, according to seniority, for their respective lives. Among the most important bequests for the benefit of the poor, are £1000 by Richard Cowle, £1000 by John Browme in 1758, and £28 per annum by Sarah Foreman in 1803. The poor law union, of which the town is the head, comprises seventeen parishes and places, of which sixteen are in the county of Durham, and contains a population of 20,938. Some remains of the ancient castle of Berwick are still visible, and of a pentagonal tower near it 3 also of a square fort in Magdalen fields, and some entrench- ments on Hallidown Hill, All vestiges of the ancient churches and chapels of the town, the Benedictine nun- nery, said to have been founded by David, King of Scot- land, and of the monasteries of Black, Grey, White, and Trinitarian friars, and of three or four hospitals, have entirely disappeared. The Magdalen fields, already mentioned, belonged to the Hospital of St. Mary Mag- dalen. During the reigns of William the Lion, and of Edward I., II., and III., and other Scottish and English monarchs, Berwick was a place of mintage, and several of its coins are still preserved. There is a mineral spring close to the town, which is occasionally resorted to by invalids. BESFORD, a township, in the parish of Shawbury, union of Wem, hundred of Pimhill, N. division .of Salop, 3 f miles (S. E. by E.) from Wem 3 containing 167 inhabitants. BESFORD (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union and Upper division of the hundred of Pershore, Per- shore and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, 3 miles (W. by S.) from Pershore 3 containing I79 inha- bitants. The parish comprises 1360 acres of arable and pasture land, in nearly equal portions 3 and is inter- sected by the Birmingham and Gloucester railway. The living is annexed to the vicarage of St. Andrew’s, Per- shore, and valued in the king’s books at £3 : the church is an ancient structure of unknown date, BESKABY, an extra-parochial place, connected with the parish of Croxton-Keyrial, hundred of Fram- LAND, N. division of the county of Leicester, 7 miles (N. E.) from Melton-Mowbray 3 containing 7 inhabits ants. The chapel is in ruins. BEST BETH BESSELSLEIGH (St, Lawrence) , a parish^ in the union of Abingdon, hundred of Hormer, county of Berks, 4 miles (N. W.) from Abingdon ) containing 106 inhabitants. It takes its name from the ancient family of Bessels, an heiress of which conveyed the estate by marriage to the Fettyplaces, and Sir Edmund Fetty- place sold it, about 16^0, to Wm. Lenthall, master of the rolls, and speaker of the house of commons in the long parliament, from whom it has descended to Kyffin J. W. Lenthall, Esq. The old manor-house was pulled down about forty-hve years since : Cromwell, who was frequent visiter, usually concealed himself in a room to which the only access was by a chair let down and drawn up with pulleys. The parish comprises 872a. Ir. 2 Ip. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 17. 3|., and in the gift of Mr. Len- thall : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £230, and the glebe consists of 26 acres. Sir John Lenthall, son and heir of the speaker, and governor of Windsor Castle, was buried in the chancel of the church in 1681. BESSINGBY {St, Magnus), a parish, in the union of Bridlington, wapentake of Dickering, E. riding of York, 1 ^ mile (S. W.) from Bridlington 3 containing 66 inhabitants. The parish is on the road from Brid- lington to Great Driffield, and a short distance from Bridlington bay, which stretches on the east j it com- prises about 1230 acres of land, the property of Har- rington Hudson, Esq., who is lord of the manor, and resides at Bessingby Hall, a handsome mansion, plea- santly situated, and to which are attached some fine grounds. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the pa- tronage of Mr. Hudson, with a net income of £59 : the tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1766. The church, rebuilt in I766, contains in the chancel several handsome monuments to the Hudson family, one of them a fine basso-relievo of a female ex- piring in the arms of her attendants. BESSINGHAM {St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Erpingham, hundred of North Erpingham, E. division of Norfolk, 8 miles (N.) from Aylsham 3 con- taining 139 inhabitants. It comprises about 510 acres, of which 307 are arable, and 197 pasture 3 the soil is various, but chiefly strong, with brick earth, and the surface generally undulated, but in some parts flat. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king's books at £4. 6. 8. 5 patron and incumbent, Rev. W. C. Arden, whose tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £125, and who has 25 acres of glebe. The church is chiefly in the perpendicular style, with a circular tower. A national school is supported. BESTHORPE {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Wayland, hundred of Shropham, W. division of Norfolk, 1 mile (E. by S.) from Attleburgh 3 contain- ing 536 inhabitants. It comprises 2132a. Ir. 2 Ip., of which 1471 acres are arable, and 6 10 meadow and pas- ture 3 the soil in general is wet and heavy. The road from London to Norwich, by way of Thetford, passes through the parish. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 6. lOj. 3 net income, £250 3 patron and impropriator, Earl of Winterton, lord of the manor : the glebe comprises 35 acres. The church is a handsome cruciform structure, in the early and de- corated English styles, with a square embattled tower at the west end 3 and was thoroughly repaired in 1840. 218 BESTHORPE, a chapelry, in the parish of South Scarle, union, and N. division of the wapentake, of Newark, S. division of the county of Nottingham, 8 miles (N. N. E.) from Newark 3 containing 327 in- habitants. The tithes have been commuted for rent- charges, amounting to £269. 5. 8., of which £225. 5. 8. are payable to the prebendary, and £44. to the vicar, of South Scarle. There is a place of worship for Wesley- ans3 and a school is endowed with £8. 12. per annum. There are some remains of an ancient mansion, in the style of the period of James I., with a tower and pointed gable roof. BESWICK, an extra-parochial district, in the hun- dred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lan- caster, 1^ mile (E.) from Manchester 3 containing 345 inhabitants. This place, which at the beginning of the present century had only one solitary house, is indebted for its present extent and increase in population, to its contiguity to the town of Manchester, in the manu- factures of which its inhabitants are employed. BESWICK, a chapelry, in the parish of Kilnwtck, union of Beverley, Bainton-Beacon division of the wapentake of Harthill, E. riding of York, 6J miles (N. by W.) from Beverley 3 containing 211 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Driffield to Beverley, and comprises upwards of 2000 acres, chiefly arable, and very flat, having been once a marsh. The living is a perpetual curacy, with a net income of £65, and of which the patronage is in dispute : the chapel is a very plain thatched building, with a wooden steeple. A Sunday school is supported by subscription. BETCHCOTT, a township, in the parish of Smeth- COTT, union of Church-Stretton, hundred of Con- DOVER, S. division of Salop 3 containing 32 inhabit- ants. BETCH WORTH {St, Michael), a parish, in the union, and First division of the hundred, of Reigate, E. division of Surrey, 3 :^ miles (W, by S.) from Reigate 5 containing 1140 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 8. ll|. 3 patrons, Dean and Canons of Windsor 3 impropriators, Rt. Hon. Henry Goulburn and Sir Benjamin Brodie, Bart. : the great tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £295. 15. 4., and the vicarial for one of £200. The church was renovated in 1838. A school is en- dowed with £20 per annum, and there are several cha- rities for the benefit of the poor. BETHERSDEN {St, Beatrice), a parish, in the union of West Ashford, hundred of Chart and Longbridge, Upper division of the lathe of Scray, E. division of Kent, 6 miles (W. S. W.) from Ashford 3 containing 1011 inhabitants. A considerable quantity of a species of grey marble, used for columns and the internal ornaments of various neighbouring churches is obtained from quarries in the northern part of the parish. A fair is held on the 1st of July. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £123 net income, £165 3 patron. Archbishop of Canterbury 3 im- propriator, Earl Cornwallis : the great tithes have been commuted for a I’ent-charge of £481, and there are 78 acres of glebe. There is a place of worship for Particu- lar Baptists ; and a national school was erected in 1836. BETHNAL-GREEN {St, Matthew), a parish, and a union of itself, in the borough of the Tower Ham- lets, Tower division of the hundred of Ossulstone, BETH BETH county of Middlesex, miles (N. E, by E.) from St. Paul’s 5 containing 7^,088 inhabitants. This very ex- tensive parish was separated by act of parliament, in 1743, from the parish of Stepney, to which it was for- merly a hamlet 5 and is divided into four districts called Church, Green, Hackney-road, and Town divisions. It is supposed to have derived its name from Bathon Hall, the residence of a family of that name, who had con- siderable possessions here in the reign of Edward I., and from a spacious green, to the east of which is the site of an episcopal palace, called Bishop’s Hall, said to have been the residence of Bonner, Bishop of London. The popular legendary ballad of the Blind Beggar of Bethnal- Green, the hero of which is said to have been Henry de Montfort, son of the Earl of Leicester, has reference to an ancient castellated mansion, built in the reign of Elizabeth, by John Kirby, a citizen of London, and now converted into a private lunatic asylum. The houses in general are meanly built of brick, and consist of large ranges of dwellings, inhabited chiefly by jour- neymen silk- weavers, who work at home for the master- weavers in Spitalfields 5 but considerable improvements have been made, and some handsome ranges have l^en erected on the line of the Hackney-road, in the district of St. John’s, and at Cambridge-heath, and more recently in that part of the parish once called Bonner’s Fields, but now Victoria Park, The parish is lighted^ with gas ; the streets are partially paved, and the inhabitants are supplied with water by the East London Company’s works. There are a very extensive cotton-factory, a large manufactory for water-proof hose, made of flax, without seam, and of any length and diameter, chiefly for the use of brewers arid for firemen ; a mill for the manufacture of all kinds of printing-paper 5 white -lead and colour-works 3 two extensive establishments for the manufacture of worsted lace and gimp, and a public brewery. A great quantity of land is in the occupation of market-gardeners. The Regent’s canal passes through the parish, which is also crossed by the Eastern-Counties’ railway. The district is within the limits of the new Police act, and under the jurisdiction of a court of requests for the Tower Hamlets, for the recovery of debts under £5. The LIVING is a rectory not in charge 3 net income, £614 3 patrons. Principal and Fellows of Brasenose Col- lege, Oxford. The 'parochial church, erected in 1746, is a neat brick building, ornamented with stone. St. John's district church was built in 18^8, by grant from the Parlia- mentary Commissioners, at an expense of £17,638. 18., and is a handsome edifice of brick, faced with stone in the Grecian style, with a tower surmounted by a cupola : the living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the College, with a net income of £198, Ten additional districts have been formed in the parish 3 and the ex- pense of erecting a church in each of them has been estimated at more than £75,000, raised by subscription, aided by a grant of £10,000 from the Metropolitan Society, and of £5000 from Her Majesty’s Commis- sioners. The church of St. Peter ^ in the Hackney-road, consecrated in July, 1841, is a spacious structure of brick, intermixed with flints, and ornamented by facings of stone in the early Norman style, with a tower sur- mounted by a low spire, and a deeply recessed arch at the western entrance : net income, £150. The church of St. Andrew in South Conduit-street, consecrated in 219 December, 1841, is a neat structure of brown brick having stone dressings in the Norman style, with a tower at the end of the north aisle surmounted by a campanile turret of stone, with a low pyramidal roof : net income, £150. The church of St. Philip, in Friar’s Mount, is a neat building of light brick, with red mould- ings and dressings of stone in the Norman style, and two square towers at the west end, surmounted by low octagonal spires : net income, £150. The church of St. James the Less, in Victoria Park, of which the first stone was laid in January, 1841, is a spacious edifice of brick, with stone facings in the Norman style, with a tower at the end of the south aisle, and' a circular win- dow in the western gable. The church of St. James the Great, in the Bethnal- Green road, is a handsome struc- ture of red brick with dressings of stone in the early English style, and a campanile turret richly canopied and terminating in a crocheted finial 3 adjoining it is a hand- some residence for the incumbent, of corresponding architecture. The church of St. Bartholomew, in Cam-, bridge- road, of which the first stone was laid 27th Jan. 1842, is of brown brick, with facings of stone, also in the early English style, with a tower surmounted by a well-proportioned spire of stone. The livings are per- petual curacies, and with the exception of St. J ohn’s and St. James the Great, of which the Principal and Fellows of Brasenose College are patrons, are all in the gift of the Bishop of London. Attached to all the churches are appropriate residences for the incumbents, and in the several schools connected with them more than 800 children receive instruction. There are places of wor- ship for Baptists, Independents, and Methodists. An episcopal chapel was erected in 1814, by the So-^ ciety for Promoting Christianity among the Jews, at- tached to which are two schools, wherein 50 boys and nearly 60 girls are maintained, clothed, and instructed ; the schools are separate, and are supported by voluntary contributions. St. Matthew’s school, founded in 177L by the inhabitants, for clothing and instructing 50 boys and 50 girls, is supported by the interest of funded property and voluntary contributions. There are also national and Lancasterian schools, and a British school. In 1722, Mr. Thomas Parmiter left an estate in Suffolk, now producing £25 per annum, for the erection and endowment of a free school and almshouse in the parish, for the promotion of which purpose, other gifts have been made 3 the schoolroom has been taken down for the line of the Eastern- Counties’ railway, and rebuilt on a new site. Another, called Friar’s Mount school,” contains seventy boys, and is partly supported by sub- scription, The almshouses founded by Captain Fisher, in 1711, and those belonging to the companies of Drapers and Dyers, are situated in the parish. Trinity Hospital, at Mile-End, was erected in 1695, on land given by Captain Henry Mudd, an elder brother of the Trinity House, and endowed, in I701, by Captain Robert Sandes, for twenty-eight masters of ships, or their wi- dows. The union workhouse, recently erected, is near Victoria Park. The Roman road, from the western counties of England to the ferry over the river Lea, at Old Ford, passes through the northern part of the parish. Sir Richard Gresham, father of Sir Thomas Gresham, who built the Royal Exchange 5 Sir Thomas Grey, Knt. ; and Sir Balthazar Gerbier, a celebrated painter and architect, who designed the triumphal arch 2F2 / BETT BE VE for the entrance of Charles IL into London, on his re- storation j were residents at the place. Ainsworth, the compiler of the Latin Dictionary, kept an academy here for some years ; and Caslon, who established the cele- brated type-foundry in Chiswell-street, lived here in retirement till his decease in 1766. BETLEY {St, Margaret), a parish (formerly a market-town), in the union of Newcastle-under-Line, N. division of the hundred of Pirebtll and of the colinty of Stafford, 7| miles (W. by N.) from New- castle 5 containing 884 inhabitants. The parish is situ- ated on the road from Newcastle to Nantwich, and com- prises by measurement 1381 acres of fertile land ; red sandstone of fine quality for building is quarried, and fa- cility for the conveyance of produce is afforded by the Grand Junction railway, which passes near the village. A fair for cattle takes place on the 31st of July. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £150 ^ patron and impropriator, G. Toilet, Esq. : the glebe comprises 60 acres. The church has lately been rebuilt, and was con- secrated on the 28th of June, 1834. There is a place of worship for ^esleyans 3 and a school, with a small endowment 01 £5. 10. per annum, is conducted od^the national plan. BETSOME, a hamlet, in the parish of Southfleet, union of Dartford, hundred of Axton, Dartford, and Wilmington, lathe of Sutton-at-Hone, W. division of Kent ; containing 188 inhabitants, BETTERTON, a tything, in the parish of Lock- INGE, hundred of Wantage, county of Berks, 2^ miles (E. S. E.) from Wantage; containing 1 7 inhabitants. BETTESHANGER {St, Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Eastry, lathe of St. Augustine, E. division of Kent, 4 miles (S. S. W.) from Sandwich ; containing 18 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory^ valued in the king’s books at £6. 4. 4.; net income, £166 ; patron, F. E. Morrice, Esq. The church was repewed in 1835 ; the north and south en- trances are under Norman arches, ornamented with zigzag mouldings, and beneath the arch over the latter- is a figure of Christ ; there are several monuments, one of which, to the memory of Vice-Admiral Morrice, is very handsome. ^ BETTISCOMBE> a parish, in the union of Bea- minster, liberty of Frampton, Bridport division of Dorset, 6 miles (W. by S.) from Beaminster; contain- ing 53 inhabitants, and comprising 66'^a, 2r. I6p. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 2. 3|. ; patron, R. B. Sheridan, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £1401, and the glebe consists of 54^ acres. BETTON; a township, in the parish and union of Drayton -in-Hales, Drayton division of the hundred of North Bradford, N. division of Salop ; containing 254 inhabitants. BETTUS {St i Mary), a parish, in the union of Knighton, hundred of Purslo’W, S. division of Salop; 6 miles (N. W.) from Knighton ; containing, with the townships of Rugahtine and Trebodier> and ]^art of Kevencalonog, 452 inhabitants. The living is a per- petual curacy ; net income, £57 5 patron and impro^ priator, Earl of Powis. ; BETTWS {St, David), a parish, in the union and division of Newport, hundred of WENTLLodG, county of Monmouth, mile (N. W, by w.) from Newport j 220 containing 90 inhabitants, and comprising by measure-^ ment 1 132 acres. The living is annexed to the vicarage of St. Woollos: the incumbent’s tithes have been com- muted for a rent- charge of £42, and the great tithes; belonging to the Bishop of Gloucester, for one of £82. 10. BETTWS-NEWYDD, a parish, in the union of Abergavenny, division and hundred of Raglan, county of Monmouth, 4 miles (N. by E.) from Usk 5 containing 106 inhabitants. The parish comprises about 1200 acres, of which three- sixths are arable, two-sixths pasture, and one-sixth woodland. It is situated nearly in the centre of the county, bounded on the west by the river Usk, and intersected by the road from Usk td Abergavenny ; the surface is undulated, and from the elevated grounds some good views are obtained. The living is a perpetual curacy, annexed to the vicarage of iilanarth ; the vicarial tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £51. 6., and there is a glebe of about 3 acres. The church is an ancient structure, remarkable for a very curiously carved rood-loft; and in the church*-' yard are some fine yew-trees. BEVERCOATES {St, Giles), a parish, in the union of East Retford, South- Clay division of the wapentake of Bassetlaw, N. division of the county of Notting-' HAM, 2| miles (W. N. W.) from Tuxford ; containing 44' inhabitants, and comprising 800 aicres. The living is a vicarage, ilnited to that of West Markham : the church’ is in ruins. BEVERIDGE. — See Boveridge. BEVERLEY, a borough, market-town, and the head of a union and of a liberty, having a separate jurisdic- tion, in the E. riding of York, 9 miles (N. W.) from Hull, 29 (E. S. E.) from York, and 1 83 (N.) from London ; comprising the parishes of St. John, St. Martin, St. Mary, and St. Nicholas, the first of which r, , , includes the townships, of Seal and Arms. Aike, Eske, Molesqrqft, Storkhill with Sandholme/ Thearne, Tickton with Hull-Bridge, Weel, and Wood- mansey with Beverley Park ; and containing 8759 in- habitants. This place, from the woods with which it was formerly covered, was called Deirwalde, implying the forest of the Deiri, the ancient inhabitants of this part of the country. By the Saxons, probably from the number of beavers with which the river Hull in this part abounded, it was called ReverZega, and subsequently Beverlac, from which its present name is deduced* About the year 700, John, the fifth archbishop of York, rebuilt the church, and founded in the choir a monastery of Black monks, dedicated to SL John the Baptist j; in the nave a college of seven presbyters or secular canons; with seven clerks, dedicated to St. John the Evangelist ;; and in the chapel of St. Martin, ad^ the church, a society of nuns. This collegiate dhd mohastie establish-^ ment was richly endowed by tfe founder and successive benefactors;' and beeattie the retreat of the archbishop; who, after having filled the bee' of York for 33 years,' •mth a reputation for extreme ^ahctity, spent the re- mainder of his life in retirement and devotion; and dying in 7^1, was canonized by the title of St. John of B E V E BE VE Beverley. The foundation of the monastery naturally led to the erection of buildings in the immediate neigh- bourhood, and appears to have been the origin of the town which gradually grew up around it. In the year 867, it was nearly destroyed by the Danes, in one of their incursions under Inguar and Ubba, who murdered many of the monks, canons, and nuns ^ but after remain- ing for three years in a state of desolation, it was partly restored by the monks, who again established them- selves at the place. In the early part of the tenth cen- tury, Athelstan, marching against the confederated Britons, Scots, and Danes, caused the standard of St. John of Beverley to be carried before his army, and having returned victorious, bestowed many privileges upon the town and monastery. He founded a college for secular canons, which, at the Dissolution, had an establishment consisting of a provost, eight prebendaries, a chancellor, precentor, seven rectors, and nine vicars choral, and a revenue of £597- 19. 6. j and he conferred on the church the privilege of sanctuary, the limits of which, extending for a mile around the town, were marked out by four crosses (the remains of three of which are still standing), erected at the four principal entrances : an account of the culprits who took refuge within its walls during the 15th and l6th centuries has been lately published by the Surtees Society. From this time the town began to increase rapidly in popula- tion and importance. About the year 1060, Kinsius, the ^3rd archbishop of York, built a hall, nearly rebuilt the church, to which he added a tower, and contributed greatly to its internal decoration. The memory of St. John of Beverley was held in such veneration, that William the Conqueror, having advanced within seven miles of the town, gave strict orders to his army that they should not damage the church 3 the day of his death was appointed to be kept holy, and the festival of his translation, Oct. 25th, was, in 1416, ordered to be annually celebrated, in commemoration of the battle of Agincourt, which was superstitiously thought to have been gained through his intercession. At the com- mencement of the civil war in the reign of Charles I., that monarch fixed his head-quarters at Beverley, and attempted to gain possession of Kingston-upon-Hull, whibh was then defended for the parliament by Sir John Hotham, who, having subsequently made overtures for a reconciliation with the king, and entered into a nego- tiation for surrendering the town, fled from Hull, upon the discovery of his intention, and was made prisoner on the day following at Beverley, which had fallen into the hands of the parliamentarians. The TOWN, which is the capital of the East riding of Yorkshire, is pleasantly situated at the foot of the Wolds, about a mile from the river Hull, in the heart of an extensive sporting district 3 the approach from the Driffield road is remarkably fine, having, particularly on the north-east side, many elegant buildings, and termi- nating in an ancient gateway which leads into the town. The common pastures of Westwood are a favourite promenade, on one of which, named the “ Hum,” about half a mile from the town, races take place annually, about the beginning of April, and a commodious stand has been erected for the accommodation of spectators. The air is free and salubrious, and the numerous con- veniences and attractions in this neat, clean, and well- built borough, have long made it the favourite resort 221 and residence of many highly respectable families. The town is about a mile in length, and consists of several well-built streets, and some handsome and commodious public buildings 3 it is lighted with gas, and well sup- plied with water. Here are several tanneries, breweries, and large malt-kilns, eight corn- mills, a foundry, and two large establishments for the manufacture of paint, colour, cement, and Paris white, the last of which is made from excellent chalk rock, obtained about a mile south of the town. There are also manufactures of coarse linen and sacking 3 and numerous poor persons are employed in the market gardens and nurseries in the vicinity of the town. Great facilities are afforded for the transmission of produce by means of a canal called Beverley Beck, supposed to have been constructed by William Wickwane, archbishop of York, and which was improved under two acts of parliament, passed in I727 and 1744 3 it connects the town with the river Hull and the port of Kingston-upon-Hull. The market is on Saturday : the market-place occupies an area of four acres, in the centre of which is a stately cross supported on eight pillars, each of one entire stone. There was formerly a market on Wednesdays, the market-place for which has a neat cross, but is of smaller area than the former : there is also a market- place for the sale of fish, which is built in an octagonal form. Fairs are held on the Thursday before Old Va- lentine’ s-day, Holy-Thursday, July 5th, the Wednesday before Sept. 25th, and Nov. 6th, chiefly for horses, horned- cattle, and sheep 3 and on every alternate Wednes- day there is a great market for sheep and horned- cattle. The fairs and cattle -markets are held at Norwood, where is a spacious opening suitable for the purpose. The prescriptive privileges of the borough have been confirmed and extended by several charters, especially in 1572 by Queen Elizabeth, who also in 1579 assigned certain chantry lands and tenements for the repairing of the minster 3 and four years afterwards gave other lands for the support of the minster and St. Mary’s church. By the dissolution of the monastic institu- tions, the town suffered so much, that a few years afterwards it was unable to pay its portion of taxes (£321) due to the crown, and in consequence of a petition to the queen, she remitted them during royal pleasure. The corporation consists of a mayor, six aldermen, and eighteen councillors. The borough is divided into two wards, and, as now constituted, com- prises only the parishes of St. Martin, St. Mary, and St. Nicholas : the liberties, comprehending certain town- ships in the parish of St. John, (which also extends into the northern division of the wapentake of Holderness,) were severed from it by the act of the 5th and 6th of William IV., c. 76, except as regards the election of members to serve in parliament, and united to the East riding. The mayor and late mayor are justices of the peace, and there are three other justices appointed under a commission from the crown. A court of record is held, which takes cognizance of all pleas, except those respecting titles to landed property. Petty-sessions are held weekly 3 and a court of requests for the town and liberties is holden under an act passed in the 21st of George HI., the powers of which were extended by a subsequent act, in the 46th of the same reign, for the recovery of debts under £5, Among the privileges which the freedom of the borough confers is the right B E V E B E V E of depasturing cattle^ under certain restrictions, on four fine large pastures, containing about 1200 acres, and now managed under an act obtained in 1836. The elective franchise was conferred in the reign of Edward I., but was not exercised from the end of that reign till the 5th of Elizabeth, since which time the borough has continued to return two members to parliament. The right of election was formerly vested in the freemen generally, whether resident or not ; but, by the act of the 2 nd of William IV., cap. 45, the non-resident elec- tors, except within seven miles of the borough, have been disfranchised, and the privilege has been extended to the £10 householders of the borough and liberty, over which latter the limits of the borough have been extended, for elective purposes. The mayor is returning officer. The general quarter- sessions for the East riding are held here j and for that division also Beverley is a polling-place for the election of parliamentary repre- sentatives. The guildhall has been lately repaired and beautified, and is a neat building, containing, in addition to the apartments in which the public business of the corporation is transacted, a court- room in which the general quarter-sessions for the borough and liberty were held. Adjoining the guildhall stands the gaol, lately erected, but now used only for debtors, and for securing prisoners previously to examination. The house of correction for the East riding is a spacious building, erected at an expense of £ 16 , 000 , at the ex- tremity of the town, on the road to Driffield and Scar- borough, and comprises fourteen wards, fourteen day- rooms, and fourteen airing-yards, with a treadmill and eight work-rooms, for the classification and employment of prisoners. In Register- square is the register office for the reception of deeds, &c., for the whole of^ the riding ^ and adjoining it is a handsome residence for the registrar. Beverley was once the head of a peculiar and exempt jurisdiction, under the provost of the collegiate church, which expired at the dissolution of monasteries. The MINSTER, formerly the church belonging to the monas- tery of St. John, is now the parochial church of the united parishes of St. John and St. Martin : the living is a perpetual curacy, of which the net income (with the parsonage-house) is about £195 5 patrons. Trustees of the late Rev. Charles, Simeon, of Cambridge, by pur- chase from the corporation, under the Municipal Act ; impropriators of St. John’s, Representatives of the late Sir M. Wartonj the impropriation of St. Martin’s be- longs to the Crown. Two assistant curates are ap- pointed, who perform divine service in the minster twice every day 5 each has a stipend of about £132, paid out of the Minster Estates and Funds, appropri- ated by act of parliament to that purpose. The minster was almost entirely rebuilt in 1060, by Kinsius, Arch- bishop of York. In 1664, some workmen, whilst open- ing a grave in the chancel, discovered a sheet of lead, enveloping some relics, with an inscription in Latin, purporting that the ancient church having been destroyed by fire, in 1188, search was made for the relics of St. John of Beverley, which, having been found, were again deposited near the altar. It is not known at what pre- cise period the present church was built, though pro- bably in the early part of the reign of Henry III. : it is a venerable and spacious cruciform structure, in the early, decorated, and later styles of English architecture, 222 with two lofty towers at the west end 5 and. though combining these several styles, it exhibits in each of them such purity of composition and corrfectneiSs of de- tail, as to raise it to an architectural equality with the finest of the cathedral churches, to which it is inferior only in magnitude. The west front is the most beau- tiful and perfect specimen we have of the later English style 3 the whole front is pannelled, and the buttresses, which have a very bold projection, are ornamented with various tiers of niche-work, of excellent composition, and most delicate execution : the nave and transepts are of the early English, of which the fronts of the north and south transepts are pure specimens. The choir is partly in the decorated style, with an exquisitely beau- tiful altar-screen and rood-loft, which, though unequalled in elegance of design and richness of detail, were long concealed by a screen of inferior composition, put up within the last century : the east window is embellished; with stained glass, which has been collected from the other windows, and skilfully arranged : near the altar is the Frydd-stool, formed of one entire stone, with a Latin inscription, offering an asylum to all criminals who should flee to this sanctuary 5 and on an ancient tablet are the portraits of St. John of Beverley and King Athelstan, with a legend recording the monarch’s grant of freedom to the town. In the choir is a superb and finely-executed monument, the celebrated Percy shrine, erected, in the reign of Edward III., to the memory of one of the Percy family 5 and in the north transept is a fine altar-tomb, both in the decorated style. Behind the minster is the ancient manor-house belonging to Beverley Park. The living of St, Mary's is a vicarage, with the rectory of St. Nicholas united, valued in the king’s books at £14. 2 . 8 ., and in the patronage of the Crown; net income, £289. St. Mary’s, now the parochial church for the united parishes, is a highly interesting structure, and contains fine portions in the various styles, from the Norman to the later English ; the towers at the western end are finely pierced, and the octagonal turrets flanking the nave are strikingly elegant ; the roof of the chancel, which is in the decorated style, is richly groined, and the piers and arches are well proportioned; there are some interesting monuments, and a fine font in the later style. The churches of St. Martin and St. Nicholas have long since gone to decay. The minster chapel of ease was originally built in the parish of Sti Mary by subscription, under the auspices of Anthony Atkinson, Esq., mayor of Beverley, assisted by the late Mr. Mark Robinson, in the hope of effecting a union of the Wesleyans with the Established Church ; but from some misunderstanding between the founder and the vicar of that parish, it was taken down, and rebuilt in the parish of St. John at an expense of £3250, and attached as a chapel of ease to the minster. The first stone of the building was laid by Mr. Atkin- son on the 20 th May, 1839, and the chapel, which is on a site given by Mrs. Walker, who also presented the communion plate, was consecrated on the 8 th of Octo- ber, 1841 ; it is a handsome structure, containing 900 sittings, of which 300 are free ; and the living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Incumbent of the minster. There are places of worship for Bap- tists, the Society of Friends, Independents, and Primi- tive and Wesleyan Methodists. B E V E B E W C The Grammar school is of uncertain origin, though it appears to have existed at a remote period : the fixed endowment is £10 per annum, which was bequeathed in 1652, by Dr. Metcalf, and is augmented with a donation of £90 per annum by the corporation, who have the appointment of the master, who is allowed to take boarders 3 this grant, however, will be discon-- tinned on the next avoidance. There are several yearly exhibitions at Cambridge University for natives of Beverley educated at the school, viz. : three scholar^ ships of £6. 13. 4. per annum each, founded by Dr. Metcalf 5 one of £6 per annum by William Coates, Esq., in 1681 ; two of £8 at St. John’s College, Cam- bridge, founded by Dr. William Lacey, in I67O 3 one of £10 at Corpus Christi or St. John’s College, Cam- bridge, founded by Dr. Green, Bishop of Lincoln, in 1778, who bequeathed £1000 for that purpose and to the charity school 3 and one by Mrs. Farrer, who left £150 to be laid out in land, of the rental of which, £1 was to be given for a sermon, £3 to poor widows, and £2 to a scholar at the grammar school ; the residue to be allowed to accumulate till such scholar goes to the university, and to continue to him for seven years, if he so long remain there : the present net rental is about £44, and the sum applicable to the scholarship will, therefore, be about £40 per annum. The Blue- coat charity school was established by subscription in 1709, for the maintenance, clothing, and education of poor children 3 the annual income, arising from subse- quent benefactions, is at present about £126. There is also an endowed school for 80 girls. A spinning- school is maintained by subscription 3 a school, in which are about 70 boys and 85 girls, is supported by the interest of £2000 stock, bequeathed in 1804, by the Rev. James Graves, curate of Beverley 3 and a national central school, in which are 240 boys, is aided by subscription. There are seven sets of hospitals, almshouses, or charities, in which more than 90 poor people are gratuitously lodged, pensioned, and clothed, viz. : Fox’s hospital, Routh’s hospital, the Corporation almshouses, Warton’s hospital and charities. Sir Michael Warton’s hospital, Tymperon’s almshouse 3 and several hundreds of pounds are pro- duced from a large number of miscellaneous benefac- tions. Sir Michael Warton, Knt., in 1724, bequeathed £4000, as a perpetual fund for keeping the minster in repai^3 and Mr. Robert Stephenson, in 17 IL estate, now producing from £70 to £100 per annum, for the maintenance of Nonconformist preaching ministers.” The poor law union of Beverley comprises 36 parishes and places,, and contains a population of 18,957. Alfred of Beverley, a monkish. historian of the .twelfth century, is supposed to have been born here 3 and Dr. John Alcock, Bishop of Ely, and founder of Jesus’ College, Cambridge 3 Dr. Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, a martyr to his religious tenets in the reign of Henry ViII*3 and Dr. Green, Bishop of Lincoln, an elegant scholar, and one of the writers of the Ather Ilian Letters, published by Lord/Hardwicke 3 were also natives of the town. Beverley gives the title of Earl to the family of Percy. BEVERSTONE (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Tetbury, Upper division of the hundred of Berke- ley, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 2 miles (N. W.) from Tetbury 3 containing I78 inhabitants. 223 This place is of very remote antiquity, and there are still some remains of an ancient castle, in which a meeting was held, in 1048, by Earl Godwin and his son, for the alleged purpose of aiding Edward the Confessor to repress the incursions of the Welsh. The castle in the reign of Edward III. was enlarged and repaired by Thomas, Lord Berkeley, and in the civil war was garrisoned for the king, but was besieged and taken by the parliamentarians, and subsequently destroyed by fire. The parish is situated on the road from Dursley to Tetbury and Cirencester, and inter- sected by a branch of the Lower Frome, which has its source within its limits. The living is a rectory, with Kingscote annexed, valued in the king’s books at £30, and in the gift of the Crown, with a net income of £590 : the tithes were commuted for corn-rents in 1803. The church is chiefly in the early, and partly in the later, English style, with a square embattled tower crowned by pinnacles ; it consists of a nave and one narrow aisle, with a small chapel belonging to the lord of the manor 3 the pulpit is pf stone, and the walls of the church were formerly covered with paintings, nearly all of which are obliterated. BEWALDETH, with Snittlegarth, a township, in the parish of Torpenhow, union of Cockermouth, Allerdale ward below Derwent, W. division of Cum- berland, 6J miles (N. E. by E.) from Cockermouth 3 containing 73 inhabitants. BEWCASTLE (St. Cuthbert), a parish, in the union of Longtown, Eskdale ward, E. division of Cumberland, 10 miles (N. N. E.) from Brampton 3 comprising the townships of Bailie, Bellbank, Bewcas- tle, and Nixons 3 and containing 1274 inhabitants, of whom 181 are in the township of Bewcastle. This place, which was anciently a Roman station on the Maiden- way, derived its name from a fortress erected here soon after the Conquest by Bueth, Lord of Gils- land, and in which, in the reign of Elizabeth, and also in 1639, a border garrison was placed 3 the castle during the civil war was demolished by the parliamen- tarians, and only some slight vestiges of it now remain. The parish comprises about 41,221 acres, of which 21,221 are rateable, and about 20,000 are undivided common 3 it abounds with richly varied and pictu- resque scenery, and within its limits the Leven or Line, and the Irthing have their sources. The sub- strata are limestone and coal, and lead-ore is found in abundance. In the 7th of Edw^ard I., license was granted to John Swinburn, to hold a weekly market and an annual fair. The living is a rectory, rated in the king’s books at £2, and in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle, with a net income of £120. In the churchyard is a curious antique cross, composed of a single stone, bearing Runic inscriptions which have been variously interpreted, and some curious devices, supposed to be emblematical of the conversion of the Danes to Christianity, and commemorative, of the death and interment of one of their kings. There is a place of worship for Presbyterians. Many coins, inscribed stones, and other relics of Roman occupation have been found, and there are various, relics of anth quity in the vicinity. There are two mineral springs, one sulphureous, the other chalybeate: 5 and at Low Grange, a quarter of a mile to the east of. the, churchy is a petrifying spring. B E W D B E W D Seal and Arms. BEWDLEY, a borough, market-town, and chapelry (having separate jurisdic- tion), in the parish of Ribbesford and union of Kidderminster, locally in the Lower division of the hundred of Doddingtree, and in the Hundred-House and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, 14 miles (N. W.) from Worces- ter, and 126 (N. W.) from London j containing 3400 inhabitants. This place, in Camden’s Britannia called Bellas Locus, from the plea- santness of its situation, and the beauty of the surround- ing scenery, anciently obtained also the appellation of Beaulieu, of which its present name is a corruption. In the 13th of Henry IV., a petition was presented to parliament from the men of Bristowe ” and Glouces- ter, praying that they might navigate the river Severn without being subject to new taxes levied by the men of Beaudley. At this time Bewdley appears to have enjoyed many privileges, among which was that of sanctuary for persons who had shed blood : it was formerly extra-parochial, but, by letters -patent granted by Henry VI., was annexed to the parish of Ribbesford. Edward IV. gave the inhabitants a charter of incor- poration in the twelfth year of his reign 3 and Henry VII. erected a palace here for his son Arthur, in which that prince was married by proxy to Catharine of Arragon, and dying soon after at Ludlow, his corpse was removed to this town, where it lay in state pre- viously to interment in the cathedral of Worcester. Bewdley, formerly included in the marches of Wales, was, by an act of parliament, passed in the reign of Henry VIIL, added to the county of Worcester. Dur- ing the civil war in the time of Charles I., that monarch, who had been driven from Oxford by the parliamen- tary forces, retired with the remnant of his army to this town, where he encamped, in order to keep the river Severn between himself and the enemy* Whilst staying here, he was attacked by a party of Scottish cavalry, when several of his officers, and seventy men, were made prisoners j and in these attacks the palace was greatly damaged, and was subsequently taken down : the site is now occupied by a modern dwelling- house, and not a single vestige of the original edifice can, with certainty, be traced. The more ancient part of the town was built at a greater distance from the river, and the street called Load- street is supposed to have been the place where the inhabitants loaded their boats : there were formerly four gates, two of which were standing in 1811, but they have since been, entirely demolished. The TOWN is beautifully situated on the western bank of the river Severn, over which a light and ele- gant stone bridge was erected in 1797 , the street leading from the bridge diverges right and left, but extends farther in the latter direction 3 it is well paved, and lighted with gas. The houses in the prin- cipal street are in general well built, and of respectable appearance, and there are some handsome residences in the vicinity, among the most distinguished of which are Winterdyne, Ticknell, Spring Grove, and Ribbes- 224 ford House 3 the inhabitants are amply supplied with water, the air is salubrious, and the surround- ing scenery richly and pleasingly diversified. Some years since, Bewdley was a place of considerable trade, having two markets and four fairs, and for a long period was the mart from which the neighbouring towns were supplied with grocery and other articles of consump- tion 3 but in consequence of the recent construction of canals, that portion of its trade has been diverted to other towns. The manufacture of woollen caps, known by the name of Dutch caps, was introduced here in con- sequence of the plague prevailing at Monmouth, where it had previously been carried on, and, being encou- raged by legislative enactments in the reign of Elizabeth, it continued for some time to flourish, but has now declined, and the trade is principally in malt, the tanning of leather, and the making of combs. The market is on Saturday 3 and fairs are held on April 23rd, July 26th, and December 10 th and 11 th. The inhabitants were first incorporated in the 12 th of Edward IV., and received additional privileges from Henry VII., which were con- firmed by Henry VIII. 3 and James I. granted a new charter : the corporation now consists of a mayor, four aldermen, and twelve councillors 3 the mayor and late mayor are justices of the peace, and two permanent magistrates have also been appointed. Bewdley sent members to parliament so early as the reign of Edward I., after which there was a long intermission. The elective franchise was again conferred by James I., since which time it has returned one member to parlia- ment 5 the borough embraces the town of Stourport, three miles distant, also the Forest of Wire 3 the mayor is the returning officer. The town-hall is a neat building of stone, erected in 1808, with a front decorated with six square pilasters supporting a pediment, in which are the arms of the family of Lyttelton 3 under the hall is the entrance into the market-place, which has an arcade on each side for stalls, and an open area in the centre 3 at the extremity are two small prisons, one for malefac- tors, the other for debtors. The LIVING is a perpetual curacy, endowed with £8 per annum, paid out of the exchequer, the revenue of a dissolved chantry which formerly existed here 3 net income, £220 3 patron and appropriator. Rector of Ribbesford. The chapel, a neat stone edifice, at the upper end of the street leading from the bridge, was erected, in 1748, by the old corporation, aided by a sub- scription among the inhabitants and a brief, and has recently undergone considerable alteration by the ex- penditure’ of more than £800, contributed by the cor- poration and the inhabitants, in affording increased accommodation. There are places of worship for Bap- tists, the Society of Friends, Wesleyans, and Unitarians. The free grammar school, founded and endowed in 1591 , by William Monnox, or Monnoye, and further endowed, in 1 599^ by Humphrey Hill, was made a royal foundation by charter of James 1 . 3 the endowment, augmented by subsequent benefactions, produces an income of £46. The Blue-coat school, for thirty boys and thirty girls, has been enlarged, and united to the Na- tional School Society, two good rooms having been built for 160 children. Almshouses for six aged men, founded by Mr. Sayer, of Nettlestead, in the county of Suffolk, and endowed with £30 per annum, were rebuilt in 1763, by Sir Edward, Winnington, Bart., member for the bo- B E W I BEXT rough. Burl ton’s almshouses, for fourteen aged women, were founded and endowed in 1645 ; and eight other houses were erected and endowed with £6 per annum, in 1693, by Mr. Thomas Cook. John Tombes, a cele- brated biblical critic of the seventeenth century ^ and Richard Willis, Bishop of Winchester, and principal founder of the Society for Promoting Christian Know- ledge, were natives of the town. BEWERLEY, a township, in the chapelry and union of Pateley-Bridge, parish of Ripon, Lower division of the wapentake of Cearo, W. riding of York, miles (W. S. W.) from Ripon ; containing 1329 inhabit- ants. This extensive moorland township includes the village of Greenhow-Hill, and comprises by computation 5200 acres : the vicinity formerly abounded with valua- ble lead-mines, which were worked to a considerable extent. The tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £52, payable to the Dean and Chapter of Ripon. A school is supported by subscription, to which John Yorke, Esq., largely contributes. At Greenhow are places of worship for Primitive Methodists and Wes- leyans 5 and a school endowed with a house and land, producing about £20 per annum. There are remains of an ancient chapel. BEWHOLME, a township, in the parish of Nun- keeling, union of Skirlaugh, N. division of the wapentake of Holderness, E. riding of York, 3^ miles (N. W.) from Hornsea 5 containing 199 inhabit- ants. Of this place, which is situated in the eastern part of the parish, the principal landowners have been the families of Fauconberg, St. Quintin, and De la Pole 5 and the monastery of Swine also held possessions here, which were afterwards, in the reign of Mary, granted, under the designation of ‘‘ the Grange of Bewhall,’^ to John Constable, to be held in capite by military service. The village, which is pleasant and well built, and on a commanding eminence, extends over a considerable space. BEWICK, NEW, a township, in the parish of Eglingham, union of Glendale, N. division of CoauETDALE Ward and of Northumberland, 9^ miles (N. W. by W.) from Alnwick; containing 121 inhabitants. It comprises about 1200 acres of arable land, the property of A. J. B. Cresswell, Esq., M. P., of Cresswell : the river Breamish and the great north road to Edinburgh form portions of the boundary line. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £140. 14., and the vicarial for £57. 15. BEWICK, OLD, a township, in the parish of Eg- lingham, union of Glendale, N. division of Coquet- DALE ward and of Northumberland, 10 miles (N. W. by W.) from Alnwick, on the road to Wooler ; contain- ing 176 inhabitants. It is bounded on the west by the river Breamish, and comprises about 5000 acres, of which 1000 are arable, 50 woodland, and the remainder pasture and moorland, the property of A. J. B. Cress- well, Esq. The village, which is well built, commands an extensive and delightful prospect. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £176. 2. 6., and the vicarial for £110. 5. There is a school, supported by Mr. Cresswell and the vicar. Here was anciently a chapel, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, the ruins of which are situated a little to the north-west of the village ; it was destroyed by the Puritans, was restored in 1695, and fell into decay, but is expected VoL. I.— 225 to be soon again restored. On Bewick Hill is a British encampment of a semicircular form, with a double ram- part ; and at Harehope burn, half a mile eastward, is another, supposed to have been an outwork. BEX HILL (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Battle, hundred of Bexhill, rape of Hastings, E. division of Sussex, 8 miles (S.) from Battle ; contain- ing 1916 inhabitants. It is bounded on the south by the English Channel, and comprises 6000 acres by compu- tation ; the surface is pleasingly varied, and in the northern parts richly embellished with wood ; about 70 acres are planted with hops. The village, which is situ- ated on an eminence, commands extensive prospects ; and the coast road from Dovor, by way of Hastings and St. Leonard’s, to Brighton, passes through it. The living is a vicarage, endowed with the rectorial tithes, valued in the king’s books at £24. 10. 2j. ; net income, £977 : patron, the Bishop of Chichester. The church is an ancient cruciform structure, partly in the early and partly in the later English style, with a low em- battled tower. A chapel of ease has been erected on Little Common. There is a place of worship for Wes- leyans ; and a national school for children of both sexes is supported by subscription. Sir Richard de la Wyche, 13th bishop of Chichester, died here, and was buried in the cathedral church. There are several chalj^beate springs. BEXINGTON, a hamlet (formerly a parish), in the liberty of Bindon, though locally in the parish of Ab- BOTSBURY, hundred of Uggscombe, Dorchester division of Dorset, 1 mile (N. W.) from Abbotsbury. The living, which was a rectory, was, in 1451, consolidated with that of Puncknowle ; and the church, which was dedicated to St. Giles, and stood on the sea-shore, not far from the ruins of Abbotsbury Castle, has long been in ruins. BEXLEY {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Dartford, partly in the hundred of Lessness, but chiefly in the hundred of Ruxley, lathe of Sutton-at- Hone, W. division of Kent, 3 miles (W.) from Dart- ford 5 containing, with the hamlets of Blendon, Bridg- end, and Upton, 3955 inhabitants, and comprising 5265 acres by computation. The manor was purchased from the crown in the reign of James I., by the celebrated antiquary William Camden, who conveyed it to the University of Oxford, in trust, to found a Professorship of Ancient History. The living is a vicarage, rated in the king’s books at £13. 4. 7* ; patron, Viscount Sid- ney ; impropriators. Coheiresses of Thomas Latham, Esq. : the rectorial tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £1046, and the vicarial for one of £700. 10. 4. A chapel of ease was erected on Bexley Heath in 1836 by subscription, aided by a grant from the Church Building Society ; and a district chapel was built in 1840 at Halfway- street, at the expense of John Malcolm, Esq., in whom the patronage is vested. There are a national school for girls in the village, erected in 1835 ; another on Bexley Heath for boys, rebuilt in 1837 3 and one for boys and girls at Halfway- street. Almshouses were founded and endowed by Mr. John Styleman. The Right Hon. Nicholas Vansittart, on re- tiring from the chancellorship of the exchequer, was created Baron Bexley, March 1st, 1823. BEXTON, a township, in the parish of Knutsford, union of Altrincham, hundred of Bucklow, N. divi- 2 G BICE B I C K sion of the county of Chester, 1 mile (S. S. E.) from Nether Knutsford ; containing 77 inhabitants. BEXWELL {St, Mary), a parish in the union of Downham, hundred of Clackclose, W. division of Norfolk, 1 mile (E.) from Downham«Market 3 con- taining 70 inhabitants, and comprising 1177^^. 3r. 17p. The manor anciently belonged to William de Bexwell, to whom Henry III. granted permission to hold a market on Thursday, and a fair on Whit-Monday. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 11. 8., and in the patronage of the Bishop of Ely : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £330, and the glebe consists of 41 acres. The church is built of rag-stone obtained in the vicinity. BEYTON, or Beighton (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Stow, hundred of Thedwastry, W. divi- sion of Suffolk, 5 miles (E. by S.) from Bury- St. Edmund’s 3 containing 384 inhabitants, and consisting by measurement of 1625 acres. The living is a dis- charged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 3. 9.:, and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £210, and the glebe comprises 10 acres. The church has a round tower, with buttresses. BIBURY (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of North LEACH, partly in the hundred of Bradley, and partly in that of Brightwell’s-Barrow, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 5 miles (N. W.) from Eairford 3 comprising the chapelry of Winson, and the tythings of Ablington and Arlington, and containing 1077 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement up- wards of 4000 acres, chiefly arable land. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13. 1. 5|, 3 net income, £1023 5 patron. Lord Sherborne 5 impro- priators, Lord Sherborne and Sir J. Musgrave, Bart. There is a chapel of ease at Winson, two miles distant from the parochial church. A Lancasterian school is supported by subscription. Thomas Tryon, author of a curious work, entitled the Way to Health, Long Life, and Happiness,” published in l69Lwas a native of the place. BICESTER (St, Eadburg), a market-town and parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Ploughley, county of Oxford, 12j miles (N. E. by N.) from Oxford, and 55 (N. w. by W.) from London 3 com- prising the townships of Market-End and King’s-End, and containing 3022 inhabitants. This place, by the Saxons called Burenceaster and Bernacester, both imply- ing a fortified place, is supposed to derive its name either from its founder, Birinus, a canonized Saxon pre- late, or from Bernwood, a forest in Buckinghamshire, not far from which it is situated 3 or from the small stream of the Bure, on which it stands. A priory for a prior and eleven canons of the Augustine order was founded in 1182, and dedicated to St. Eadburg, by Gilbert Basset, Baron of Haddington, and his wife, Egiline de Courteney, the revenue of which, at the Dis- solution, was £167. 2 . 10. In 1355, a royal license was granted to Nicholas Jurdan, warden of the chapel of St. John the Baptist, for the establishment of an hos- pital for poor and infirm people, but the design does not appear to have been carried into execution. During the civil war in the reign of Charles I., the inhabitants suf- fered by repeated exactions levied on them by both parties 3 and, in 1643, a skirmish took place, in which 226 the royalists were defeated and driven through the town. Bicester is situated in a valley, on the banks of a stream which falls into the river Ray, which joins the Cherwell, near Islip 3 it is neatly built, and amply sup- plied with water. The female inhabitants are employed in making pillow-lace 3 and the town is noted for ex- cellent malt liquor. The market is on Friday 3 and fairs are held on the Friday in Easter-week, the first Friday in June, August 5th, and the third Friday in December 3 there are also statute fairs on the first three Fridays after Michaelmas. The county magistrates hold petty-sessions for the district every Friday. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £163 net income, £2103 patron and impropriator. Sir G. O. P. Turner, Bart. : the tithes for King’s-End were commuted for land and annual money payments in 1793. The ^church, which is supposed to have been rebuilt about the year 1400, on the site of the former edifice, is a spacious and handsome structure, with a lofty square tower, and contains many interesting monu- ments and some antique sculptures. There are places of worship for Independents and Wesleyans. A school is supported partly by endowment 3 and lands produ- cing about £200 per annum, and a few minor charitable bequests, are appropriated to the relief of the poor. The union of Bicester comprises 38 parishes and places, of which 36 are in the county of Oxford, and two in that of Bucks, and contains a population of 15,2013 the union house is situated near the town. In the vicinity, on the London -road, is Graven -hill Wood, on the north side of which ran the Akeman-street 3 and not far from the town, on the west side, is St. Eadburg’s well, famous before the Reformation for miraculous cures, and which proved very useful in supplying water to the town during the dry summer of I666. In making some excavations, in 1819, the foundations of the conventual buildings belonging to the priory, a vast mass of sculptured fragments, pieces of painted glass, and other relics, were discovered. BICKENHALL, a parish, in the union of Taunton, hundred of Abdick and Bulstone, W. division of Somerset, 5| miles (S. E. by E.) from Taunton 3 con- taining 264 inhabitants. The living is annexed to the rectory of Staple- Fitzpaine : the tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £200, and there are about 8^ acres of glebe. BICKENHILL, CHURCH (St, Peter), a parish, in the union of Meriden, Solihull division of the hundred of Hemlingford, N. division of the county of War- wick, 7 miles (E. by S.) from Birmingham 3 containing, with Church, Middle, Lyndon, and Marston, Quarters, 774 inhabitants. This place is of considerable antiquity, and included Kington, or Kingsford, now partly in this parish, and partly in that of Solihull, of which the church was given to the nuns of Mergate, now Market- street, in the 5th of Henry III. by Henry le Notte, owner of the Marston-Hall estate. The parish, which comprises 377 1«. 3r. 17p., is situated near the London and Birmingham, and the Stratford and Warwick canals, and is intersected by the London and Holyhead road, and the London and Birmingham, and the Derby railways, the rateable annual value of the railway pro- perty in the parish being £2652. Many improve- ments • have lately taken place. The living is a dis- B I C K B I C K charged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7* 17* 3. 5 patron and impropriator, the Earl of Aylesford : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £325, and the glebe consists of 1 9 acres, with a vicarage-house. The church, on the site of which, according to Dugdale, a beacon existed in former times^ is an ancient struc- ture, chiefly in the Norman style, with a tower, but it has received some subsequent additions of inferior cha- racter. A national school is supported by subscription. BICKER {St, S with in), a parish, in the union of Boston, wapentake of Kirton, parts of Holland, county of Lincoln, mile (N. E. by N.) from Don- nington ; containing, with the extra-parochial liberties of Copping-Sike and Ferry-Corner, 925 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the road from Donnington to Boston, and bounded on the west by the navigable river Forty -Foot, which falls into the Witham at Bos- ton. It comprises by measurement 3579 acres, of which one-half is arable, and the other half pasture and mea- dow ; the soil is chiefly sand and clay ; the surface is flat, and the land, subject in part to inundation, has been much improved^ by draining. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £15 5 net income, £560, arising from 270 acres of land given in lieu of tithes on the inclosure 5 patrons and appropria- tors. Dean and Chapter of Lincoln. The church is an ancient structure, with a central tower. There is a place of worship for Wesleyan s 5 and a school has a small endowment. BICKERING, a hamlet, in the parish of Holton, union of Lincoln, W. division of the wapentake of Wraggoe, parts of Lindsey, union and county of Lin- coln, 2 miles (N. by W.) from Wragby. BICKERSTAFFE, a township, in the parish and union of Ormskirk, hundred of West Derby, S. divi- sion of the county of Lancaster, 3|: miles (S. E.) from Ormskirk ; containing 1579 inhabitants. The impro- priate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £750. Coal is obtained. BICKERSTON.— See Bixton. BICKERTON, a township, in the parish of Malpas, union of Nantwich, Higher division of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, 4f miles (N. N. E.) from Malpas 5 containing 401 inhabit- ants. A church has been lately built, in aid of which the Incorporated Society contributed £120 3 222 of the sittings are free. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £110. A school is supported by sub- scription. On the summit of a hill is an intrenchment called Maiden Castle. BICKERTON, a township, in the parish and union of Rothbdry, W. division of CoauETDALE ward, N. division of Northumberland, 4f miles (W. by S.) from Rothbury j containing 18 inhabitants. It stands upon a pleasant level, the moorlands forming a semi- circle on the south and west, and Coquet-haughs, with other rich pastures, are on the north and east. The village was formerly the property of four persons named Snowdon, who owned it jointly 5 but none of the family have any interest in the place at present. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £44. 12. 6. BICKERTON, a township, in the parish of Bilton, W. division of Ainsty wapentake, W. riding of York 5 3^ miles (E. N. E.) from Wetherby 5 containing 110 inhabitants. The place once belonged to Bryan Ro- 227 cliffe, a baron of the exchequer. It is situated on the road from Wetherby to York, and comprises about 1080 acres. The river Nidd winds its very devious course at a short distance north of the village. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BICKINGTON, a parish, in the union of Newton Abbot, hundred of Teignbridge, Teignbridge and S. divisions of Devon, 3 miles (N. E.) from Ashburton 5 containing 374 inhabitants. A fair for cattle is held on May 14th. The living is annexed to the vicarage of Ashburton : the appropriate tithes, belonging to the Dean and Chapter of St. Peter’s, Exeter, have been commuted for a rent- charge of £115, and the vicarial for one of £110. There is a place of worship for Wes- leyans. BICKINGTON, ABBOT’S {St, James), a parish, in the union of Holsworthy, hundred of Black Tor- rington, Holsworthy and N. divisions of Devon, 9 miles (S. W. by W.) from Great Torrington 3 containing 75 inhabitants. The neighbourhood abounds with lime- stone, and with compact stone of a blue colour, which is quarried for building and other purposes 3 and marble of good quality is also obtained. The living is a per- petual curacy, endowed with a portion of the great tithes, and in the gift of Lord Rolle, to whom the remainder of the tithes belongs : the impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £25, and those of the incumbent for one of £45. The church has some re- mains of ancient stained glass. BICKINGTON, HIGH {St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Torrington, hundred of North Tawton with WiNKLEY, South Molton and N. divisions of Devon, 7j miles (E. by N.) from Great Torrington 3 containing 895 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £29. 7. ^ ) patronage of W. M. Stow^ell, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £430, and there are 150 acres of glebe. An endowment of £10 per annum by Gertrude Pyncombe, in 1740, is apportioned between two schools. BICKLEIGH {St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Tiverton, hundred of Hayridge, Cullompton and N. divisions of Devon, 4 miles (S. by W.) from Tiver- ton 3 containing 362 inhabitants. The parish comprises by measurement 2469 acres, and is situated on the road from Exeter to Bristol and Bath, and on the river Exe, near its confluence with the Dart, over the former ol which is a good bridge near the point of junction : stone is quarried for building and road-making. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £18. 4. 9^. ; net income, £420 5 patron. Sir W. P. Carew, Bart. : there are a glebe of 50 acres, and a house in good repair. The church contains some handsome monuments of the Carew family, who resided at Bickleigh Court, an ancient mansion, now destroyed. A school is partly supported by the rector. Bampfylde Moore Carew, king of the beggars, was born in the parsonage-house, his father being the rector, and was buried here. BICKLEIGH, a parish, in the union of Plympton- St. Mary, hundred of Roborough, Midland -Ro- borough and S. divisions of Devon, 7 miles (N. N. E.) from Plymouth 3 containing 469 inhabitants. The Ply- mouth railway passes along the parish. The living is a vicarage, endowed with the great tithes, with Sheepstor annexed, valued in the king’s books at £11. 4, 7*^ and 2 G 2 B I C K B I C T in the gift of Sir Ralph Lopes, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £172. 10., and there are 33 acres of glebe. The patron has lately rebuilt the church, which was consecrated in August 1839. Here is a school for 100 children, principally supported by subscription 3 also an almshouse for six widows. BICKLEY, a township, in the parish of Malpas, union of Nantwich, Higher division of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, 3^ miles (E. N. E.) from Malpas 5 containing 489 inhabit- ants. On the 18th of July, 1657, about a quarter of an acre of elevated ground, covered with full-grown trees, sank suddenly, with a noise resembling thunder, to such a depth below the surface of the surrounding ground, that even the summits of the trees were not visible, from their total immersion in water j the water has long been dried up, and the chasm, called the Barrell-Fall, from being situated on the Barrell Farm, is now quite dry. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and three schools are supported by the Marquess of Cholmon- deley. BICKMERSH, a hamlet, in the parish of Welford, union of Stratford-on-Avon, Stratford division of the hundred of Barlichway, S. division of the county of Warwick, 5|: miles (S. by E.) from Alcester 3 contain- ing, with Little Dorsington, 130 inhabitants. It is situated on the borders of Gloucester and Worcester, being surrounded, except on the north, by those counties 3 it comprises 1240 acres. A chapel was founded in the reign of Henry II. by William Foliot, then lord of the manor. BICKNACRE, a hamlet, partly in the parish of Danbury, and partly in that of Woodham Ferris, union and hundred of Chelmsford, S. division of Essex ; containing 304 inhabitants. BICKNELL. — See Bickenhall. BICKNOLLER, a parish, in the union of Williton, hundred of Williton and Freemanners, W. division of Somerset, 13 miles (N. W.) from Taunton ; contain- ing 345 inhabitants. It comprises 1320 acres, of which 560 are arable, !250 meadow and pasture, 81 plantation, wood, and orchard, and 340 common. The living is a vicarage not in charge 3 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Wells : the rectorial tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £139, and the vicarial for one of £77. 10.3 and there are 2^ acres of glebe. Two fortifications, named Trendle Castle and Turk’s Castle, together with the ruins of a beacon, occupy the summit of an eminence near the village 3 and a variety of Roman coins has been found in the vicinity. BICKNOR, or Church-Bicknor (St. James), a parish, in the union of Hollingbourne, hundred of Eyhorne, lathe of Aylesford, W. division of Kent, 4^ miles (S. S. W.) from Sittingbourne 3 containing 46 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 7OO acres, of which about 400 are arable and pasture, principally the former, and the remainder is wood 3 the surface slopes to the north-east, and the soil is clav mixed with flint. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 10. 3 net income, £115 5 patron, the Lord Chancellor : there are about 20 acres of glebe. Here are the remains of a Danish intrenchment, and vestiges of an old British town burnt by the Danes, when ravaging this part of the country. 228 BICKNOR, ENGLISH (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Monmouth, hundred of St. Briavells, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 3 miles (N.) from Coleford3 containing 576 inhabitants. It comprises 2411a. Ir. 4p., and lies within the Forest of Dean, on the eastern bank of the Wye, opposite to Welsh-Bick- nor. The manor exceeds the parish in extent by 728 acres, besides which, 14| acres of Dean Forest are within its boundary. There are mines of coal and iron, the former of which are worked 3 and stone is quarried for building and road-making. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 6. 8., and in the gift of Queen’s College, Oxford : .the tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £390, and the glebe comprises 9 acres, with a house. The church is an ancient edifice, having some portions in the Norman style, and stands within the area of an ancient fortification, the fosse be- longing to which may still be traced. BICKNOR, WELSH (St. Margaret), a parish, in the union and division of Monmouth, hundred of Skenfreth, county of Monmouth, 7 miles (S. by W.) from Ross ; containing 74 inhabitants. This parish, which is separated from the rest of Monmouthshire, the nearest part of that county being three miles distant, comprises 850a. 23p., of which 348 acres are arable, 226 meadow and pasture, 149 wood, and 54 common and roads. It is almost surrounded by the river Wye, the banks of which are rich in highly picturesque scenery 3 the soil is various, partaking of sand and gravel, gene- rally light, a rich mould in some parts, and in others clay 3 the surface is hilly, and in a few places consists of rock. At Courtfield, a private mansion, about half a mile off, is a Roman Catholic chapel 3 and tradition re- lates that Henry V. was nursed there, under the care of the Countess of Salisbury, who, according to the same authority, is represented by a recumbent stone figure in the church. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 6. 8., and in the gift of the Lord Chancellor : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £152. 10., and there are about 18 acres of glebe. The church, which is in the early English style, contains an antique chalice, said to have been brought into Europe with the Saracens 3 the lid is of beaten silver, and it bears other evidences of high antiquity. BICKTON, a chapelry, in the parish of St. Chad, within the liberty of the borough of Shrewsbury, N. division of Salop, 3 j miles (N. W. by W.) from Shrews- bury 3 containing, with the hamlet of Calcott, 560 inha- bitants. The navigable river Severn runs through the chapelry, which is also intersected by the Roman Wat- ling-street. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net in- come, £60 3 patron. Vicar of St. Chad’s. BICKTON, a tything, in the parish and union of Fordingbridge, Ringwood and S. divisions of the county of Southampton 3 containing 273 inhabitants. BICTON (Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of St. Thomas, hundred of East Budleigh, Woodbury and S. divisions of Devon, 3 f miles (W. S. W.) from Sidmouth ; containing, with the hamlet of Yettington, 198 inhabitants. It comprises about 600 acres of in- closed land, and there are supposed to be 500 acres of common 3 the soil is in general sandy, and the surface hilly 3 the river Otter borders the parish. The possessor of the manor was formerly obliged to find a county B I D D B I D D gaol,” but was discharged from that obligation by an act of parliament, within the last fifty years. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12, 13. 4., and in the gift of Lord Rolle : the tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £160. 17-» and there are 50 acres of glebe. A school is supported by ladies. BIDBOROUGH {St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union of Tonbridge, hundred of Washlingstone, lathe of Aylesford, W. division of Kent, 3 miles (S. W.) from Tonbridge 3 containing 260 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 1300 acres, of which about 360 are arable, 390 pasture and meadow, 43 hops, and 507 common. The soil is a mixture of iron-sand, sand- stone, and clay, and is not very productive j the surface of the land is hilly and irregular. The living is a dis- charged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 4. 4^., and in the patronage of the Trustees of W. Gay, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £179. 4., and there are 79 acres of glebe. The church is an ancient structure, with a Norman doorway in the earliest period of that style. There are some chalybeate springs. BIDDENDEN (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Tenterden, hundred of Barclay, Lower division of the lathe of Scray, W. division of Kent, 5 miles (B. by N.) from Cranbrook 3 containing 1486 inhabitants. It comprises 7207a. 2r. 20/)., and is situated on the Maidstone and Tenterden road, and near the South- Eastern railway 3 the soil is clayey, and the surface in some parts rather hilly. The place was once famous for its clothing trade, which is now entirely decayed. Fairs, chiefly for horses and Welsh cattle, are held on Old Lady-day and November 8th. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £35, and in the patronage of the Archbishop of Canterbury : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £687, and the glebe con- sists of about 18 acres of land of good quality, with a commodious residence. The church is a fine structure, in the later English style, with an embattled tower and turret, and is capable of accommodating 1000 persons. There is a meeting-house for Dissenters. John Mayne, in 1566, bequeathed a sum for the erection of a school- house, and endowed it with a rent-charge of £20. 3. 4. A distribution of bread and cheese to the poor takes place on Easter- Sunday, the expense of which is de- frayed from the rental of about 20 acres of land, the reputed bequests of the Biddenden Maids, two sisters of the name of Chulkhurst, who, according to tradition, were born joined together by the hips and shoulders, in the year 1100, and having lived in that state to the age of thirty-four, died within six hours of each other. BIDDENHAM {St. James), a parish, in the hun- dred of Willey, union and county of Bedford, 2|- miles (W. by N.) from Bedford 3 containing 345 inha- bitants. It is bounded on the south, west, and north, by the river Ouse, and on the east by the borough of Bedford, and is intersected by the road from that town to Newport- Pagnell, a little to the south of which tho- roughfare the village is situated. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8 3 net income, £1063 patron and impropriator, Hon. G. R. Trevor. The church contains several memorials to the fam ily of the Botelers, who were settled here for ten generations, and of whom Sir William Boteler was mayor of London in 1515, 229 BIDDESCOTE, a township, in the parish and union of Tamworth, S. division of the hundred of Offlow and of the county of Stafford, 1 mile (S. S. W.) from Tamworth 3 containing 44 inhabitants. BIDDESHAM, a parish, in the union of Axbridge, hundred of Bempstone, E. division of Somerset, 3 miles (W. by S.) from Axbridge 3 containing 145 in- habitants. It is recorded that the Danes were defeated here by the Saxons in the reign of Alfred. The parish is bounded by the river Axe on the north, and the road from Bridgwater to Cross on the south 3 and comprises by measurement 574 acres. The living is a peculiar, in the patronage of the Dean of Wells: the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £137, and the glebe consists of 14 acres, with a house. The church contains a singing-gallery, lately erected at the expense of the incumbent and parishioners. BIDDESTONE {St. Nicholas and St. Peter), in the union and hundred of Chippenham, Chippenham and Caine, and N. divisions of Wilts, 4j miles (W.) from Chippenham ; containing 452 inhabitants, of whom 428 are in the parish of St. Nicholas, and 24 in that of St. Peter. The living is a discharged rectory, with the perpetual curacy of Slaughterford annexed, valued in the king’s books at £2. IS. 4. 3 patrons and impropria- tors, Warden and Fellows of Winchester College : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £33. 10., and the glebe consists of 6 acres. The church contains a monument to the memory of Edmund Smith, A.M. a poet of some repute, who died in the neighbourhood, in 1709. BIDDLESDON {St. Margaret), a parish, in the union of Brackley, hundred and county of Bucking- ham, 3| miles (N. E. by E.) from Brackley 3 containing 169 inhabitants. An abbey of Cistercian monks was founded here in 1 147, the revenue of which, at the Dis- solution, was £142. 1.3. In 1315, Edward II. granted to the convent a market on Monday, and a fair on St. Margaret’ s-day. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £69 *, patron, G. Morgan, Esq. BIDDLESTON, a township, in the parish of Allen- ton, union of Rothbury, W. division of Coouetdale ward, N. division of Northumberland, niiles (N. W. by W.) from Rothbury 3 containing 140 inhabitants. The manor was granted, in 1272, to Sir Walter Selby, Knt., and has ever since continued in the possession of his descendants. The township is on the road from Clennel to Netherton, and south of the Netherton burn, which flows at a short distance from the village. The manor-house, a commodious stone building of modern erection, occupies the summit of a gentle declivity, commanding, on the south, a fine prospect of the vale of Coquet. There is a place of worship for Roman Catholics. BIDDULPH (St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union of Congleton, N. division of the hundred of Pirehill and of the county of Stafford, miles (S. E. by S.) from Congleton 3 containing 2314 inhabitants. This parish contains collieries, manufactories for cotton and earthenware, and iron- works. In 1837 an act was ob- tained for making a new road hence to Congleton. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king's books at £4. 9. 8. 3 patron and impropriator, J. Bateman, Esq., of Knypersley Hall, which was anciently the seat of a family of that name, and afterwards of the Gresleys. BIDE BIDE The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £180. 8.^ and the vicarial for one of £90 3 the glebe consists of 34 acres. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans on Biddulph Moor : and a school is endowed with about £14 per annum Corporation Seal. BIDEFORD {St. Mjry), a sea -port, incorporated market-town, and parish, having separate jurisdiction, and the head of a union, locally in the hundred of Shebbear, Great Torring- ton and N. divisions of Devon, 39 miles (N. W. by W.) from Exeter, and 201 (W. by S.) from London 3 containing 5211 inhabitants, of whom 4830 are in the town. This place, called also Bytheford, of which its modern appellation is a variation, derives its name from being situated near an ancient ford on the river Torridge. It was a town of some importance in the time of the Saxons : in early records it is styled a borough, and in the reigns of Edward I. and II. returned members to parliament 3 but the burgesses having pleaded inability to supply the usual pecuniary allowance to their repre- sentatives, this distinction was withdrawn. In 1271. Richard de Grenville, to whose ancestor Bideford had been granted in the reign of William Rufus, obtained for it a market and a fair 3 and, in 1573, Queen Elizabeth incorporated the inhabitants, and made the town a free borough. From that time it rapidly increased as a place of trade, and the expeditions of Sir Walter Raleigh to Virginia, and of Sir Richard Grenville to Carolina, esta- blished the basis of its foreign commerce. During the civil war in the reign of Charles I., two small forts were erected on the banks of the river, and a third at Ap- pledore, which was garrisoned for the parliament 3 they were taken for the king by Col. Digby, after the battle of Torrington, Sept. 2nd, 1643, who soon after entered this town, which had been evacuated by the parlia- mentary troops. From this period till the beginning of the eighteenth century. Bideford was in its highest prosperity. The weaving of silk was introduced in 1650, and, after the revocation of the edict of Nantes, in 1685, many French Protestants settled in the town, and estab- lished the manufacture of silk and cotton 3 a great quan- tity of wool was imported from Spain, and, in 1699, its trade with Newfoundland was inferior only to that of London and Exeter : from I7OO to 1755, the imports of tobacco exceeded those of every port except London. The TOWN is situated on the river Torridge, which in spring tides rises to the height of twenty -two feet above the level of low- water mark : the greater part is built on the acclivity of its western bank, and is connected with that on the eastern side by a noble stone bridge of twenty-four arches, of which some are of sufficient span to allow free passage for vessels of sixty tons’ burthen. The bridge was erected in the early part of the four- teenth century, by a subscription raised in the counties of Devon and Cornwall, under the auspices of Grandi- son, Bishop of Exeter, who, being influenced by a dream of Gornard, the parish priest, granted indulgences to all who should contribute to the work : a considerable estate in houses and lands, for keeping it in repair, is 230 vested in trustees. The town consists of several streets, of which some are well paved and lighted 3 the houses are in general of respectable appearance, and the town is ampl}^ supplied with water. There are assembly and reading-rooms on the quay 3 and from the salubrity of the air, the picturesque beauties of the surrounding scenery, and the improved facility of communication with Barnstaple and Great Torrington, owing to the new roads that have been made. Bideford has become a place of considerable resort. The port, including within its jurisdiction Appledore and the harbours of Clovelly and Hartland, also a convenient station for wind-bound vessels, carries on a considerable colonial and coasting trade 3 the principal exports are sails, cordage, British manufactured goods, and articles of general supply to the fisheries of Newfoundland and the British colonies in North America, oak-bark to Ireland, apples to Scot- land, earthenware to Wales, and corn and flour to Bris- tol 5 the imports are timber from America and the Baltic, and limestone, coal, and culm from Bristol and Wales. The river, in spring tides, is navigable for ves- sels of 300 tons’ burthen, as far as the bridge^ two miles and a half above which it is connected, by means of a sea-lock, with the Torrington canal. The quay, 1200 feet in length, and of proportionate breadth, has been greatly improved. Ship-building is extensively carried on : during the late war, several frigates were launched at this port, and there are eight or ten dockyards, in which smaller vessels are built. The principal articles of manufacture are cordage, sails, and common earthen- ware 3 there are also several tan-yards, and a small lace- manufactory. Mines of culm and black mineral paint are found in the vicinity, and on the rectorial glebe 3 and the old culm-mines have been lately re-opened, with every prospect of advantage. The market days are Tuesday and Saturday, and fairs are held on Feb. 14th, July 18th, and Nov. 13th. The inhabitants were origi- nally incorporated by charter of the l6th of Elizabeth, confirmed and extended by another granted by James 1. 3 the government is vested in a mayor, four aldermen, and twelve councillors, of whom the mayor and late mayor are justices, and there are four other permanent magistrates appointed by the crown : the borough and parish are co- extensive. The recorder holds a court of quarter-sessions 3 petty-sessions are held monthly 3 and there is a court of record, for the recovery of debts to any amount. The town-hall, erected in I698, is a neat and commodious building, having two prisons under- neath, one for malefactors, and the other for debtors 3 and a gaol and bridewell have been lately built on the eastern side of the river. A handsome hall, called the Bridge Hall, was erected in 1768, by the trustees of the Bridge Estate, with a schoolroom adjoining. The LIVING is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £27. 7. 6 , and in the patronage of Lewis William Buck, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £590, and the glebe consists of 48 acres. The church is a spacious cruciform structure, in the early English style, containing a handsome stone screen, and some interesting monuments. There are places of worship for Baptists, Independents, and Wesleyans. The free grammar school, of remote foundation, was rebuilt in 1657, and, in 1689, was endowed by Mrs. Susannah Stucley, with an estate of £200 value 3 a good house was purchased for the master with money arising from B ID I BIER the sale of timber on the estate, which now lets for £56 per annum. A charity school is supported by the trus- tees of the Bridge Estate, and by subscription 3 a build- ing has likewise been erected for a national school. Almshouses in Maiden-street, for seven families, were erected in 1646, by Mr. John Strange, alderman of Bideford ; and an hospital in the Old Town, for twelve families, was built pursuant to the will of Mr. Henry Amory, who died in 1663. The poor law union of Bide- ford comprises 18 parishes and places, and contains a population of 19,568. Sir Richard Grenville, who distinguished himself in 1591 5 in an action fought near the island of Flores, with a Spanish fleet 5 Thomas Stucley, an eccentric character, the supposed original of Sterne’s Captain Shandy j Dr. John Shebbeare, a noted political writer, born in 1709 5 and the Rev. Zachary Mudge, a learned divine, and master of the grammar school, were natives 5 and the Rev. James Hervey, author of the Meditations,” and other popular works, was curate of the place from 1738 till 174^. BIDFORD (St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union of Alcester, Stratford division of the hundred of Barlichway, S. division of the county of Warwick, 4 miles (S. by E.) from Alcester 5 containing, with the hamlets of Barton, Broom, and MarcliiF, 1567 inhabit- ants. This place is situated on the northern bank of the navigable river Avon, and the river Arrow skirts the parish on the west. It was an ancient demesne of the crown, having been in the possession of Edward the Confessor, and was principally held by the English monarchs of the Norman line till the reign of John, who, towards the latter part of his reign, gave it in dowry to Llewelyn, Prince of North Wales, who had espoused his daughter Joan, and who, in the 4th of Henry III., obtained the grant of a market. The parish comprises 331^ acres, of which the soil is various, but the greateT part barley and turnip land : there are some stone-quar- ries. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 10. 7^. 5 net income, £213 ; patron and impropriator. Sir Grey Skipwith, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for land under an inclosure act ; the glebe consists of 34 acres. A national school has been established by the vicar, aided by Lady Skipwith and the parishioners. BIDICK, NORTH, a hamlet, partly in the parish of Washington, and partly in that of Whitburn, E. di- vision of Chester ward, N. division of the county of Durham, 4 miles (N. N. E.) from Chester-le- Street 5 containing 371 inhabitants, of whom 344 are in Wash- ington parish. It is situated to the west of the river Wear, by which it is separated from Offerton, Painshaw, and South Bidick. On the bank of the river is Worm hill, so called from the fabulous worm -dragon said to have infested the Lambton estate, a^nd which a hero of that family, cased in armour set with razors, is described as having engaged and killed . BIDICK, SOUTH, a township, in the parish of Houghton-le-Spring, union of Chester-ue-Street, N. division of Easington ward and of the county of Dur- ham, 6f miles (S. W. by W.) from Sunderland 3 containing 74 inhabitants. The manor belonged to the see of Dur- ham, and was held under it by several families, and sub- sequently passed to the Lamptons, or Lamb tons, of Hardwick, who are now extinct, and of whom the last. Miss M. Lambton, bequeathed the estate to John Dawson, 231 who assumed the name of Lambton : in 1823 the old hall, and some of the lands, were purchased by the Earl of Durham, and now form part of the Lambton estate. The township comprises by measurement 343 acres, of which 225 are arable, 73 grass land, 25 wood, and 20 waste. The river Wear winds its very devious course on the west 3 and the Durham Junction railway passes a little to the north-east, “and takes a curve to Elba, and will form a part of the great line of railway from London to Newcastle-upon-Tyne. BIDSTONE, a parish, in the union, and Lower division of the hundred, of Wirrall, S. division of the county of Chester 3 comprising the townships of Bid- stone with Ford, Claughton with Grange, Moreton with Lingham, and Saughall Massey 3 and containing 1013 inhabitants, of whom 291 are in the township of Bid- stone with Ford, 9^ miles (N.) from Great Neston, on the coast of the Irish Sea. On an elevated site, in the township of Bidstone, is a lighthouse, which was pur- chased by the corporation of Liverpool, under an act obtained in 1762, and is supported by a duty levied on all vessels sailing to and from that port. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £98 3 patron, Rev. Charles Edmund Keene 3 appropriator. Bishop of Chester. A school is endowed with £15 per annum, and a house and garden for the master. BIELBY, a chapelry, in the parish of Hayton, union of Pocklington, Holme-Beacon division of the wapen- take of Harthill, E. riding of York, 3^ miles (S. by W.) from Pocklington 3 containing 27^ inhabitants* It comprises about 1220 acres of land^ of which a great part, together with the manor, belongs to Merton Col- lege, Oxford ; the village, which is of neat appearance, is in the vicinity of the Pocklington canal. The tithes were commuted in 1814 for an allotment of land : the chapel of ease is an ancient building, dedicated to St. Giles, and is served by the vicar. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BIERLEY, EAST, a hamlet, in the township of Hunsworth, parish of Birstal, union of Bradford, wapentake of Morley, W. riding of York, ^ a mile (N.) from Birkenshaw. It is situated to the west of the road from Birkenshaw to Bradford. BIERLEY, NORTH, a township, in the parish and union of Bradford, wapentake of Morley, W. riding of York, 2 miles (S.) from Bradford 3 containing 9512 inhabitants. This township comprises by computation 3264 acres, of which 2250 are pasture, 276 arable, 238 woodland, and about 500 waste. The manor of Royds Hall is the property of the Low Moor Company, and that of Oakenshaw, of Miss Currer, great grand- daughter and heiress of the learned Dr. Richardson, whose ances- tors for many generations resided at Bierley Hall, origi- nally an ancient structure in the early English style of domestic architecture. The old Hall has been rebuilt in a handsome modern style, and is a spacious mansion, now in the occupation of T. G. Clayton, Esq. 3 it is beautifully situated in grounds tastefully embellished, and in front of the house is a noble cedar of Lebanon, presented when a seedling to Dr. Richardson by Sir Hans Sloane, more than a century since, and which has attained a stately and majestic growth. A hothouse, the second constructed in England, was built here as soon as the workmen had finished that at Orford, near Liverpool. Royds Hall, which has been for many years BIER BIGG tbe residence of the Dawson family^ was originally built by the Rookes, who held the manor from the time of Henry YIIL, till the close of the last century 3 it is a handsome mansion^ in the ancient English style, situ- ated on an eminence commanding an extensive and finely varied prospect, and is now the seat of Christopher Dawson, Esq., one of the proprietors of the Low Moor iron-works. Low Moor House, the seat of Henry Wick- ham Wickham, Esq., and Odsal, the residence of Charles Hardy, Esq., are both handsome modern mansions. The manor of Royds Hall, together with the minerals underneath the estate, was purchased from the last proprietor in 1788, by the ancestors of Messrs. Hird, Dawson, and Hardy, who originally established the cele- brated Low Moor iron and coal-works, now the most important in the north of England, both for extent, and for the superior quality of their produce. The works comprise furnaces, forges, tilts, and mills, on a very extensive scale, both for the manufacture of pig and bar iron, and for rolling and slitting it into sheets, bars, and rods, with foundries for the casting of cannon and ord- nance of all kinds, in which several steam-engines of great power are also employed 3 boilers for steam-engines, sugar-pans for the East and West Indies, water-pipes of large calibre, and a great variety of articles, are manu- factured here, with castings of every kind, in which more than 2000 persons are employed both by day and night. The Bierley iron- works were commenced in 1810 by Henry Leah and James Marshall, Esqrs., and their partners, who hold on lease from Miss Currer all the minerals under the east end of Bierley, together with those under her estates, in the townships of Bowling and Okenshaw. These works are confined solely to the manufacture of pig-iron, which, being the produce of ore from the same mine, is equal in quality with that of the Low Moor and Bowling iron-works 3 they are con- ducted on an extensive scale, and with great ability and success. A worsted-mill has been recently built near the Low Moor. Bierley chapel was erected in I766, in the township of Bowling, though immediately bordering on the north-east of North Bierley, by Richard Rich- ardson, Esq., son of Dr. Richardson, but was not conse- crated till 1824 3 it was enlarged by Miss Currer in 1828, and 1831, principally for the accommodation of the poor, and is a beautiful structure in the Grecian style, from a design of the late Sir John Carr, of York, and contains 900 sittings. The living is a perpetual curacy, with a good glebe-house, and is in the patronage of Miss Currer, whose liberal addition of £40 per an- num augments the income to £200. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and among other schools is one connected with, and supported by, the Low Moor Company . — See Wibsey. BIERTON (St, James), a parish, in the union and hundred of Aylesbury, county of Buckingham, l| mile (N. E. by E.) from Aylesbury 3 containing, with the hamlet of Broughton, 605 inhabitants. The living is a vicarage, with Buckland, Quarrendon, and Stoke-Mande- ville annexed, valued in the king’s books at £20. 10. 3 net income, £272 3 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Lincoln. A Sunday school on the national plan is endowed with £10 per annum 3 and Mr. Hill, in 1723, gave property, directing part of the proceeds to be applied in clothing poor men, and in educating and apprenticing children. 232 BIGBURY (St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union of Kingsbridge, hundred of Ermington, Ermington and Plympton, and S. divisions of Deyon, 4 miles (S.) from Modbury 3 containing 652 inhabitants. The parish comprises by computation 2500 acres, of which 2100 acres are arable, 1 50 meadow, 200 woods and brake, and 50 gardens and orchards 3 it is bounded on the east by the river Avon, which falls into Bigbury bay, an inlet of the English Channel, the navigation of which is some- what dangerous. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £28, 7. H., and in the patronage of the Livingston family 3 net income, £658. BIGBY (x4ll Saints), a parish, in the union of Caistor, S. division of the wapentake of Yarborough, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 4 ^ miles (E.) from Glandford-brigg 3 containing, with the hamlets of Kettleby and Kettleby-Thorp, 245 inhabitants. It com- prises 2784 acres, of which 1484 are meadow and pas- ture, and 1300 arable land. The village was formerly of considerable celebrity, from containing Kettleby Hall, the residence of the Roman Catholic family of Tyrwhitt, from whom the De Ros family claim their title 3 but of this once splendid mansion there are now no remains. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £31. 10. 10., and in the gift of Robert C. Elwes, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £726, and there are 28 acres of glebe. The church contains monuments of great beauty and considerable antiquity. BIGGE’S QUARTER, a township, in the parish of Long Horsley, union of Morpeth, W. division of Morpeth ward, N. division of Northumberland, 8 miles (N. N. W.) from Morpeth 3 containing 252 inhabit- ants. The lands of this place, which was once called Linden Quarter, and Carlisle’s Quarter, continued in fee in the family of Merlay and their descendants, from the time of Henry I. till the last century, when the Earl of Carlisle sold them to the families of Bigge and Carr, the former of whom are now sole owners, C. W. Bigge, Esq., having subsequently purchased the share of the Carrs. The township is situated on the river Coquet, and on the road to Edinburgh through Wooler, and comprises 2666 acres of pasture and meadow, and 1 93 of wood 3 the soil is for the most part clay, and much of the land lying on each side of the road between the village of Long Horsley and Linden, is of excellent quality, and the whole is more or less fertile : many improvements have been made during the present century by draining, building, and planting. Quarries of coarse freestone are worked for building purposes. A new mansion-house of elegant appearance and spacious dimensions was completed in 1814, and is now the residence of Mr. Bigge. A school has an endowment of £3. 14. 6. per annum, which arises from £100 in the 3^ per cents., lately recovered, BIGGIN, a township, in the parish of Wirksworth, hundred of Appletree, S. division of the county of Derby, 5 j miles (E. by N.) from Ashbourn 3 containing 149 inhabitants. Here was formerly a church or chapel, but not even the site of it is now known. BIGGIN, with Newton, a hamlet, in the parish of Clifton-upon-Dunsmoor, union of Rugby, Rugby division of the hundred of Knightlow, N. division of the county of Warwick, 3:^ miles (N. E.) from Rugby 3 containing 245 inhabitants. / BIGG B 1 L B BIGGIN, a township, in the parish of Kirk-Fenton, Upper division of the wapentake of Barkstone-Ash, W. riding of York, 6f miles (\V. N. W.) from Selby 3 containing 1^6 inhabitants. It comprises by computa- tion, including the area of Little Fenton, 2250 acres : the village, which is small, is situated north of the road from Sherburn to Cawood. Allotments of land and money payments were assigned to the lord of the manor, the prebendary of St. Peter, York, and the vicar of Kirk- Fenton, as a commutation in lieu of all tithes and mo- duses for the township, under an inclosure act, in 1770. The plant teasel (Dipsacus Fullonum) , used in dressing woollen- cloth, is said to have been first cultivated here on its introduction into England. BIGGLESWADE (St. Andrew), a market-town and parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Biggleswade, county of Bedford, 10^ miles (E. S. E.) from Bedford, and 45 (N. N. W.) from London, on the road to York 3 containing, with the hamlets of Holme and Stratton, 3807 inhabitants, and comprising by mea- surement 4310 acres. The town is pleasantly situated on the river Ivel, which is crossed by two stone bridges, and which, by act of parliament, has been made navi- gable to its junction with the Ouse, whereby the neigh- bourhood is supplied with coal, timber, and various arti- cles of merchandise. A large part of the town was de- stroyed by fire in 1785, to which circumstance its hand- some appearance may be attributed. It is lighted witli gas, and has been lately much improved by the erection of new buildings 3 the houses are uniformly built of brick, the air is pure and salubrious, and the inhabitants are amply supplied with excellent water from numerous springs. The environs, abounding with elegant villas and picturesque scenery, present a pleasing appearance. The making of white thread-lace and edging, and straw- plat affords employment to a considerable part of the female population 3 much of the traffic of the town arises from its situation on the great north road. The market, which is on Wednesday, is much resorted to for grain, and fairs are held on Feb. 13 th, the Saturday in Easter- week, Whit-Monday, and Nov. Sth, for horses and live stock of every kind 3 a fair on August 2nd has been dis- continued. The county magistrates hold a petty-session for the hundreds of Biggleswade, Clifton, and Wixam- tree. \ The 1 \iNG is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s bo ^s at £10 ; patron and appropriator. Preben- dary of j gleswade : the rectorial tithes have been commuted 4or a rent-charge of £937. 10., and the vica- rial for one of £312. 10. 3 the glebe consists of a small piece of land. The church, formerly collegiate, is a venerable structure, in the early style of English archi- tecture : the chancel was rebuilt in 1467, by John Reeding, Archdeacon of Bedford, wffiose arms are carved on some wooden stalls in the north aisle 3 and the entire building has recently undergone considerable repair. A chantry belonging to the guild of the Eloly Trinity was anciently founded in the church, the revenue of which, at the Dissolution, was £7. There are places of worship for Baptists and Wesleyans. Sir John Cotton, in 1726, bequeathed £1800 for charitable uses, directing them to be laid out in the purchase of land, two-ninths of the rental to be given as a salary to a schoolmaster, and one-ninth to the vicar : the proceeds are about £36 per annum. There is also an endowment of £13 a year, from lands Yol. I.— 233 at Holme, given by Edward Peake, in 1755, for the in- struction of more children 3 and in schools conducted on the national plan 130 boys and 146 girls are taught. The poor law union of Biggleswade comprises 26 parishes and places, and contains a population of 20,694. In 1770 a yellow earthen pot, containing 300 gold coins of the reign of Henry YI., was discovered by a plough- man, in a field near the manor-house. BIGHTON {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Alresford, hundred of Bishop’s-Sutton, Alton and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 2§ miles (N. E. by E.) from New Alresford 3 containing 284 in- habitants. The parish comprises 2040 acres, and is pleasantly situated 3 numerous springs afford an abun- dant supply of pure water, and one of the tributaries of the river Itchen has its source in the parish. The soil is a light loam, resting on chalk, in which flints are im- bedded, and of which great quantities are collected and sent to New Alresford and other places in the neighbour- hood for repairing the roads. The woods, of which there are about 350 acres, contain some fine specimens of beech, oak, and other timber. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19. 8. 1^., and in the gift of J. T. Maine, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent' charge of £400, and the glebe comprises 25 acres, with a residence. The church, a venerable and handsome structure in the early English style, having become greatly dilapidated, has been lately restored and repewed, at an expense of £500. A national school is supported principally by the Duke of Buckingham. BIGLANDS, with Gamblesby, a township, in the parish of Aikton, union of Wigton, Cumberland ward, and E. division of Cumberland, 4 miles (N.) from Wigton 3 containing 187 inhabitants. A sulphu- reous spring was discovered about 1775, the water of which is much used for cutaneous complaints. BIGNALL-END, a township, in the parish of Aud- ley, union of Newcastle-under-Lyne, N. division of the hundred of Pirehill and of the county of Staf- ford 3 containing 432 inhabitants. BIGNOR {Holy Cross), a parish, in the union of Sutton (under Gilbert’s act), hundred of Bury, rape of Arundel, W. division of Sussex, 5| miles (S. by E.) from Petworth 3 containing 210 inhabitants. Bignor Park is a spacious and handsome mansion, erected in 1826, on the site of an ancient edifice built in 1632 3 it occupies an eminence commanding richly diversified views of the surrounding country. The living is a rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 3. 6^. 3 net in- come, £143 3 patron. Col. Wyndham. The church is a handsome structure, chiefly in the early English style. Between the years 1811 and I8I7, the site of a magni- ficent Roman villa, consisting of numerous apartments, was discovered in a field called the Berry, about a quar- ter of a mile from the village, and explored under the superintendence of Samuel Lysons, Esq., the antiquary and topographer 5 near it a Roman road was very dis- tinctly marked, leading from Chichester, by Pulborough, to Dorking, and thence to London. Charlotte Smith, the novelist, wrote many of her works at this place, where her father, N. Turner, Esq., was resident. BILBOROUGH {St. Martin), a parish, in the union of Basford, S. division of the wapentake of Broxtow, N. division of the county of Nottingham, 4 miles (W. N. W.) from Nottingham 3 containing 267 inhabit- 2 H B I L H V BILL ants. The hamlet of Broxtow in the parish, was once a place of considerable importance, having given name to the wapentake. There are some coal-works. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £3. 12. 6. 5 net income, £273 j patron, T. Webb Edge, Esq. : as a commutation in lieu of tithes, land was as- signed to the rector in 1808. There are some interest- ing remains of an ancient manor-house. BILBROUGH, a parish, in the Ainsty wapentake, W. riding of York, 4^ miles (N. E.) from Tadcaster j containing 216 inhabitants. It is situated on the road between Tadcaster and York, and comprises by compu- tation 1410 acres of generally fertile land : the village, which is small but pleasant, is seated on an eminence at a short distance from the road. A chantry was founded here by John Norton, lord of the place, in 1492, who ordained that £4. 6. 8., in land and inclosure, should be paid to Sir William Dry ver, priest, and his successors, to pray for the souls of the founder, his wife, and chil- dren. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of T. L. Fairfax, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £270. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans^ and a free school is endowed with £19 per annum, of which £10 are paid by the lord of the manor, £5 by the incumbent, and £4 by Lady Hewley’s trustees. Thomas, Lord Fairfax, the celebrated parliamentary general, who died in 167L was interred in the church. BILBY, with Barnby-Moor, a township, in the parish of Blyth, union of East Retford, Hatfield division of the wapentake of Bassetlaw, N. division of the county of Nottingham, 5 miles (W. N. W.) from East Retford; containing 221 inhabitants, of whom 43 are in Bilby. The hamlet comprises about 700 acres, chiefly arable ; the scenery is pleasingly diversified, and the soil favourable, producing good wheat and barley. The ancient Hall is in the Elizabethan style. BILDESTON, or Bilson {St. Mary), a parish (formerly a market-town), in the union and hundred of CosFORD, county of Suffolk, 5 miles (N. N. W.) from Hadleigh, 14| miles (W. N. W.) from Ipswich, and 66 (N. E. byN.) from London; containing 857 inhabitants. It comprises 1289«. 2r. 28p. of land, of which the soil is a s' ^qng productive clay. The manufacture of blankets and mollen-cloth was formerly carried on, and subse- quen ^ the chief employment of the inhabitants, con- sistec spinning yarn ; but this also has much declined. The n ,.fket, now disused, was held on Wednesday; there are fairs on Ash-Wednesday and Holy-Thursday. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 16. 10|. ; patron and incumbent. Rev. Charles Johnson : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £412. 4. 6., and there are 50 acres of glebe. The church is a handsome spacious structure. There is a place of worship for Baptists ; and a national and a Lancasterian school are supported by voluntary contri- butions. A chapel existed here, dedicated to St. Leon- ard, in which divine service was performed long after the Reformation. BILHAM, a township, in the parish of Hooton- Pagnell, union of Doncaster, N. division of the wapentake of Strafforth and Tickhill, W. riding of York, 7 miles (W. N. W.) from Doncaster ; contain- ing 75 inhabitants. It comprises about 600 acres, and contains strata of coal and limestone ; and excellent sandstone, used in the foundries at Rotherham and 234 Sheffield, is procured. Bilham House, belonging to the Thelluson trustees, and the present residence of the Rev. Godfrey Wright, is a handsome mansion, built, or at least greatly improved, in the last century by Thomas Selwood, Esq., who made it his principal seat. Subse- quently a beautiful prospect-house was erected on the highest adjacent ground, by the late Mr. Hewet, at a cost of £1.500 ; it consists of three stories, and from the summit may be seen in clear weather the cathedrals of York, Lincoln, and Southwell, together with a hundred churches. BILLERICAY, a market-town and chapelry, and the head of a union, in the parish of Great Burstead, hundred of Barstable, S. division of Essex, 9| miles (S. S. W.) from Chelmsford, and 24 (E. N. E.) from London ; containing 1284 inhabitants. The name, an- ciently written Beleuca, is of uncertain derivation, and of the history of the town few , particulars of importance are recorded : by some it has been called Villa Ericce, the 'Willage of Heath.” From the discovery of Roman urns containing bones, glass vessels, and other relics, and from the traces of a Roman vallum and ditch for- merly visible at Blunt’s Walls, nearly a mile distant, the place appears to have been known to' the Romans, who probably had a station here, though the exact site has not been ascertained. The town is pleasantly situ- ated on the road from London to Southend, on an eminence overlooking an extensive and richly cultivated vale, and commanding a fine prospect of the surround- ing country, which abounds with beautiful scenery, and a distant view of the shipping on the Thames : it has of late been much improved by the erection of several large and well-built houses. The only branches of manufac- ture are those of silk braid, laces, and wire ribbon, which are at present declining. Here were barracks, which have been converted into the workhouse for the union, which comprises 26 parishes and places, and contains a population of 14,934. The market is on Tuesday, and fairs, granted in 1476, by Edward IV., are held on Aug. 2nd and Oct. 7th ; the former chiefly a pleasure, and the latter a cattle fair. Courts leet and baron are held on the Thursday in Whitsun-week, at which con- stables and other officers for the internal regulation of the town are appointed. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of certain Trustees ; net in- come, £90. The chapel, dedicated to St. Mary Magda- lene, is an ancient brick building in the centre of the town, erected probably in the 14th century. There are places of worship for Baptists, the Society of Friends, and Independents. The Rev. Mr. Bayley, rector of Benfleet, in 1654, bequeathed an estate at Laindon, producing £45 per annum, for the education of 15 children; and 5 more are taught in one school, and 10 in another, from the interest of an endowment of £500 consols. BILLESDON {St. John the Baptist), a parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Gartree, S. division of the county of Leicester, 9 miles (E. by S.) from Leicester, on the road to Uppingham ; contain- ing, with the chapelries of Goadby and Rolleston, 878 inhabitants. A fair, chiefly for pleasure, is held in April, but is not much attended ; and there are a few stocking-frames employed. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £14. 10. ; net income, £279, arising from 156 acres of glebe; patron, H. Greene, Esq. ; impropriators, R. Linney, Esq., and others. The BILL BILL church has been lately repewed. There are chapels of ease at Goadby and Rolleston ^ and a place of worship for Baptists. A school-house was built in 1650, by William Sharp, which has since been endowed with pro- perty producing about £2S per annum. The poor law union of Billesdon comprises 36 parishes and places, and contains a population of 6810. Here are some traces of a Roman camp, fortified with a deep ditch and a high rampart. BILLESLEY (All Saints) , a parish, in the union of Stratford-upon-Avon, Stratford division of the hundred of Barlichway, S. division of the county of Warwick, 4 miles (W. N. W.) from Stratford 5 containing 31 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 793 acres, of which 579 are arable, 201 meadow and pasture, and 13 woodland. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 4. 7.3 uet income, £100; patrons, M. Miles, Esq., and the Rev. T. Higgins. BILLING, GREAT (St. Andrew) ^ a parish, in the union of Northampton, hundred of Spelhoe, S. divi- sion of the county of Northampton ; 4 miles (E. N. E.) from Northampton 5 containing 401 inhabitants. This parish, which comprises 1334 acres, is bordered on the south by the river Nene, and intersected by the road from Northampton to Wellingborough: the manufacture of shoes by men, and of lace by women, is carried on ; and stone is quarried for the repair of roads. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19^ and in the patronage of Brasenose College, Oxford. In 1778, 291 acres of land, valued at £436 per annum, and a money payment, were assigned in lieu of tithes, and there is a good glebe-house. The church contains a north chancel, built by the Thomonds, who resided in the parish for several years, and beneath it is a sepulchre in which many members of that family are interred. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. Sir Isaac Wake, a distinguished scholar and diplomatist, was born here in 1575. BILLING, LITTLE (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Northampton, hundred of Spelhoe, S. divi- sion of the county of Northampton, 3j miles (E. by N.) from Northampton; containing 101 inhabitants. The parish comprises 856a. 3r. 4p., and is intersected by the river Nene ; its soil is of a highly rich and productive quality, and the surface moderately undulated. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 2. 11., and in the patronage of Earl Brownlow : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £349, and there are 8 acres of glebe. BILLINGBOROUGH (St, Andrew), a parish, in the union of Bourne, wapentake of Aveland, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 3 miles (E.) from Folkingham ; containing 999 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the borders of the Fens, comprises 2239a. 6p., in nearly equal portions of arable and pas- ture ; stone of inferior quality is quarried for repairing the roads. A fair, chiefly for wooden-ware, is held on the 2nd and 3rd of July at Stow Green, about a mile and a half distant, and also a horse fair. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 1. 8.; net income, £237, arising from \37ct. 3r. of glebe ; patron and impropriator, Earl Fortescue. The church has a fine tower and spire, and displays chiefly the decorated style of English architecture. There are places of worship for Calvinists and Wesleyans. Marv 236 Toller, in I67I, gave land producing about £34 per annum, for the endowment of a free school, which is conducted on the national plan. The Roman Cor Dyke passes within a mile to the east of the village ; there are some chalybeate springs. BILLINGE, CHAPEL-END, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Wigan, hundred of West Derby, S. division of the county of Lancaster,, 5| miles (S. W.) from Wigan; containing 1550 inhabitants. It com- prises 1044 acres, of which 830 are arable, 174 pasture, 27 wood, and 13 common. The manufacture of cotton and nails is carried on to a considerable extent ; several coal-mines are in work, and there are quarries of stone. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £234 ; patron. Rector of Wigan : the tithes have been com- muted for a rent- charge of £189. 7. 6. There is a Roman Catholic chapel at Birchley. A school is en- dowed with £40 per annum, BILLINGE, HIGHER-END, a township, in the parish and union of Wigan, hundred of West Derby, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 5 miles (W. S. W.) from Wigan ; containing 71*2 inhabitants. It com- prises 1302 acres, of which 492 are arable, 682 pasture, 40 wood, and 88 common. The tithes have been com- muted for a rent- charge of £216. 13. A school is en- dowed with £20 per annum. BTLLINGFORD (St, Leonard), a parish, in the unioiLof Depwade, hundred of Earsham, E. division of Norfolk, 1^ mile (E.) from Scole; containing 219 inhabitants. This parish, anciently called |^ryleston, is intersected by the road from Bury to Yarmouth, and bounded on the south by the river Waveney, which separates it from Suffolk. The living is a discharged rectory, with that of Little Thorpe annexed, valued in the king’s books at £9 j net income, £264 ; patron, G. St. Vincent Wilson, Esq. : there are about 20 acres of glebe. The church consists of a nave and chancel, separated by the remains of a carved screen, and has a low square tower. BILLINGFORD, a parish, in the union of Mitford and Launditch, hundred of Eynsford, E. division of Norfolk, 6 miles (N. N. E.) from East Dereham ; con- taining 353 inhabitants. This parish, bounded on the south and w^est by the river Wensum, comprises by computation 1800 acres, of which 1470 are arable, 320 pasture, and 10 woodland. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 10., and in the patronage of the Earl of Leicester, who is lord of the manor : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £360, and there are 27 acres of glebe. The church is an ancient structure in the early English style, with an octangular tower ; the font is of Norman cha- racter, and on the south side of the chancel is a piscina. There is a place of worship for Primitive Methodists. A small school is supported partly by subscription ; and at the inclosure, many years since, 50 acres of land were allotted to the poor for fuel. At Beck Hall, in the parish, the birthplace of Chancellor Bacon, and the ancient seat of the Coke family, an hospital, with a chapel dedi- cated to St. Thomas a Becket, was founded in the begin- ning of the reign of Henry HI. BILLINGHAM (St, Cuthbert), a parish, in the union of Stockton-upon-Tees, N. E. division of Stock TON ward, S. division of the county of Durham ; com- prising the townships of Billingham, Cowpen-Bewley, 2 H2 BILL BILL and Newton-Bewley^ and the chapelry of Wolviston^ and containing 1653 inhabitants, of whom 782 are in the township of Billingham, 2 | miles (N. N. E.) from Stock- ton. This place is of considerable antiquity, and was distinguished as the scene of a battle fought in the time of Eardulph, King of Northumberland. It was given to the convent of Durham by William the Conqueror, upon a scrap of parchment which is preserved among the muniments there, and is not so large as the space occu- pied by this notice. The parish comprises 5409«. 2r. 25p., and is bounded on the south and east by the river Tees ; and the road leading from Stockton to Sunder- land passes through the village. The Clarence railway commences at Port Clarence, about three miles distant eastward, near Haverton Hill, north of the river Tees, in the parish, where shipping staiths have been erected ; and pursues a course nearly east and west for 14 miles, till it joins the Stockton and Darlington railway at Sim Pasture, in the parish of Heighington : with the Durham, Byers-Green, and Stockton branches, the whole length is about 32^ miles. The Stockton and Hartlepool railway quits the Clarence railway here by a gentle curve, and proceeds in a north-eastern direction. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £11. 3. l|.3 patrons. Dean and Chapter of Durham j appropriators. Bishops of St, Asaph and St. David’s, and Dean of Durham. The great tithes have been commuted for rent-charges, amounting altogether to £810. 18., and the vicarial tithes for £132. 11. per annum 3 there are also about 110 acres of glebe, appurtenant to the vicar- age. The original church, of which little remains, is sup- posed to have been built by Egbrid, Bishop of Lindis- farn, about the year 830, and to have been given by him to the church of St. Cuthbert 3 the present edifice is very ancient, with pointed arches, and a lofty Norman tower. The chapel of W^olviston is within the parish. There is a place of worship for Methodists 3 and a school is conducted, in connexion with the Church. BILLINGHAY {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Sleaford, First division of the wapentake of Lan- GOE, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, miles (N. E.) from Sleaford 3 containing, with the townships of Dogdyke and Walcott, 2095 inhabitants. The parish comprises 7827«. 2r. 22p., and is situated on the road from Sleaford to Horncastle : a small stream, called Billinghay Skirth, is navigable for small coal vessels, and runs into the river Witham, about 3^ miles from the village. An act was passed in 1840 for the more effectual drainage of land. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13. 4. 3 net income, £280 3 patron, Earl Fitzwilliam. The glebe consists of about 230 acres, valued at £410 per annum, with a glebe-house. There are places of worship, for dissenters 3 and a parochial school for boys is supported by subscription. BILLINGLEY, a township, in the parish of Dar- FiELD, N. division of the wapentake of Strafforth and Tickhill, W. riding of York, 6J miles (E. by S.) from Barnsley 3 containing 220 inhabitants. This place, which is the property of Earl Fitzwilliam, is in the heart of a rich agricultural district : a coal-pit was opened some years since, but it has been lately abandoned. The village is pleasantly situated on the declivity of an eminence 3 and the inhabitants are chiefly employed in husbandry. The tithes have been commuted for rent- 236 charges amounting to £190, equally divided between the rector of the parish, and Trinity College, Cambridge. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans 3 also a Church Sunday school. BILLINGSHURST (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Petworth, hundred of West Easwrith, rape of Arundel, W. division of Sussex, miles (S. W. by W.) from Horsham 3 containing in East and West Billingshurst 1439 inhabitants. The soil is generally clay upon a substratum of sandstone, or beds of Sussex marble. The river Arun, and the Arun and Wey Junc- tion canal, pass through the parish 3 and the village is situated on the road from London to Arundel and Bognor. It is a post-town, and has a corn market on alternate Tuesdays 3 and at the hamlet of Adversam fairs are held for horses, cattle, and pigs. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9. 6. 0^. : the incumbent’s tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £200, with a glebe of 12 acres, and the impropriate tithes, belonging to Sir C. F. Goring, Bart., the patron, for one of £916^ with a glebe of 3 acres. The church consists of a nave, chancel, and side aisles, with a tower surmounted by a lofty shingled spire. There are places of worship for Independents and Unitarians. BILLINGSIDE, a township, in the parish and union of Lanchester, W. division of Chester ward, N. di- vision of the county of Durham, 13 miles (N. W.) from Durham 3 containing 13 inhabitants. It comprises about 340 acres, and is situated north of the road between Shotley- Bridge and Lanchester : the river Derwent passes about three miles distant on the west. BILLINGSLEY {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Bridgenorth, hundred of Stottesden, S. division of Salop, 6 miles (S. by W.) from Bridgenorth 3 com- prising about 1300 acres, and containing 149 inhabitants. Under the name Billigesleage, historians mention this place as the scene of a congress, held between King Harold and Griffin, Prince of Wales, at which they engaged to observe mutual peace and amity. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 13. 4., and in the patronage of the Duke of Cleve- land : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £186, and there are twelve acres of glebe. Dr. Tho- mas Hyde, professor of Oriental Literature at Oxford, was born here in 1636. BILLINGTON, a chapelr}’’, in the parish and union of Leighton-Buzzard, hundred of Manshead, county of Bedford, 2 miles (S. E.) from Leighton-Buzzard 3 containing 323 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Leighton to London through Hemel-Hempstead, and comprises by computation 1050 acres : the Grand Junction canal, and London and Birmingham railway, pass within two miles of the church. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Inhabitants 3 net income, £45. The church is supposed to have been erected about 300 years ago. BILLINGTON, a township, in the parish, union, and Lower division of the hundred, of Blackburn, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 5| miles (N. N. E.) from Blackburn 3 containing, with the chapelry of Lango, 988 inhabitants. An asylum for insane patients was for some time conducted by the late Mr. Chew, and is continued by his successor Dr. Kershaw, with every attention to the comfort and benefit of the patients. Here is a free school, with an endowment of B I L N B I L S about £14 per annum^ arising from lands and funded property. — See Lango. BILLISBORROW, a township, in the parish and union of Garstang, hundred of Amo underness, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 4^ miles (S. S. E.) from Garstang 3 containing 157 inhabitants. The im- propriate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £104. 3. 6. There is a place of worship for Wes- leyans. John Cross, in 1718, bequeathed property ■producing about £46 per annum, for the endowment of a free school for the townships of Billisborrow and Myerscough. BILLOCKBY {All Saints), a parish, in the East and West Flegg incorporation, hundred of West Flegg, E. division of Norfolk, miles (N. E.) from Acle 3 containing 71 inhabitants. The road from Nor- wich to Yarmouth intersects the parish. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £2. 8. 9. 3 patron and incumbent, Ptev. William Lucas : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £147, and the glebe comprises about 2 acres. The church forms a picturesque ruin, the chancel only being fitted up for divine worship. BILL-QUAY, a village, in the chapelry of Nether Heworth, parish of Jarrow, E. division of Chester ward, N, division of the county of Durham, 3 miles (E.) from Gateshead. This place, which has its name from being situated opposite to Bill- Point, is a manu- facturing district, running along the south margin of the river Tyne. The Arkendale and Derwent Mining Company have lead-works here, where lead-ore is occa- sionally smelted, and where is a large mill for rolling sheet-lead, and making the various oxides of that metal, called litharge” and red lead : ” the extraction of silver is performed by the patent process of separation invented by Hugh Lee Pattinson, Esq., of Gateshead. Messrs. JohnCookson and Coulthard have extensive green-glass bottle works, which have been established for nearly a century and a half. There are thirteen cinder ovens in operation, belonging to Mr. Oswald Dodd Hedley 3 Messrs. Richard Hoyle, Robson, and Co., have a tar, naptha, and turpentine distillery 3 and there is also an establishment for distilling oil from bones, the calx of which, after having been reduced to ashes, is used in making ivory-black, &c. Among other manufactories is one for preparing colours, and making mustard 3 and Mr. William Boutland has a large ship-building yard and floating-dock, and a slip-way employing between sixty and eighty hands. In a deep dene, called Catdene, now overgrown with forest-trees and thorns, are exten- sive quarries, from which it is said the stone was ob- tained for building the walls of Newcastle. BILLY- ROW, with Crook, a township, in the parish of Brancepeth, union of Auckland, N. W. division of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Durham, 7 miles (N. W. by N.) from Bishop-Auckland 3 containing 538 inhabitants. An eminence here, called Billy hill, is seen by mariners in very clear weather, though so distant from the sea. BILNEY, EAST {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Mitford and Launditch, hundred of Launditch, W. division of Norfolk, 5 miles (N. N. W.) from East Dereham 3 containing 218 inhabitants. The parish comprises 54 la. 2Sp., of which 338 acres are arable, 140 meadow and pasture, and 46 woodland and plan- 237 tations. The living is a discharged rectory, annexed to Beetley, and valued in the king’s books at £5. 14. 2.3 patron, John Collison, Esq. : the tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £1 12, and there are 26 acres of glebe, with a handsome parsonage in the Elizabethan style. The church is an ancient structure, with a low tower. Here is a small school, in which ten children are taught gratuitously 3 and at the inclosure in 1814, twelve acres of land were allotted to the poor for fuel. William Pearse, Esq., in 1840 built almshouses for 3 aged couples, and endowed them with land producing £63 per annum. Thomas Bilney, a learned divine, who was burnt at Norwich, in the year 1531, for preaching against popery, is said to have been born here. BILNEY, WEST {St. Cecilia), a parish, in the union and hundred of Freebridge-Lynn, W. division of Norfolk, 6^ miles (S. E. by E.) from Lynn 3 con- taining 298 inhabitants. The parish, which is intersected by the road from Lynn to Norwich, comprises by mea- surement 2414 acres, of which about 1500 are arable, 770 meadow, pasture, and heath, and 130 woodland. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £60 3 patron and impropriator, John Dalton, Esq. The church is chiefly in the early English style. A national school was erected in 1835. BILSBY {Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Spilsby, Wold division of the hundred of Calcew^orth, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, f of a mile (E. by N.) from Alford 3 containing, with the hamlets of Asserby and Thurlby, 584 inhabitants. The parish comprises by computation 2800 acres, of which about 1000 are arable, and 1800 pasture and meadow. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13. 3. 4. 3 patron, James Mason, Esq. 3 impropriators, the Trustees of Caistor grammar school : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £150, and the glebe consists of 15 acres. The church, a very ancient edifice, has recently undergone great alterations and repairs, having been previously in a very dilapidated state. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and a school has a small endowment of £5 per annum. BILSDALE, WEST SIDE, a township, in the parish of Hawnby, union of Helmsley, wapentake of Bird- forth, N. riding of York, 8 miles (N. W. by N.) from Helmsley 3 containing 1 68 inhabitants. This is a moor- land township, extending in length between seven and twelve miles, and rising in lofty fells at Ryedale head 3 it comprises by computation 6090 acres. The river Seth flows on the east in a direction nearly from north to south. In 17o7> John S males and Gregory Elsley bequeathed £120. 5., directing the proceeds to be applied to teaching six poor boys. BILSDALE-MIDCABLE, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Helmsley, wapentake of Ryedale, N. riding of York, 7 miles (N. N. W.) from Helmsley 3 containing, with Bilsdale-Kirkham, 738 inhabitants. This place is on the east side of Ryedale, and includes the hamlets of Crosett and Chapel-Yate 3 it comprises by computation 8380 acres, of which a large portion is high moorland, and the whole the property of Lord Feversham. The chapel, built about 20 years since, and dedicated to St. Hilda, stands on an eminence at the head of the deep romantic dale, and is a neat structure, with a square tower : the living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Vicar of Helmsley, the B I L S B I L S appropriator, and has a net income of £91. There is a place of worship for the Society of Friends. Upon Studfast hill, in this district, the site of a Druids’ temple w^as discovered in 1824. BILSINGTON {St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in the union of East Ashford, partly in the liberty of Romney Marsh, but chiefly in the hundred of New- CHURCH, lathe of Shepway, E. division of Kent, 8 miles (S. S. E.) from Ashford 3 containing 385 inhabit- ants. The parish comprises the manors of Bilsington Superior, or the Priory, and Bilsington Inferior, or the Moat 3 and the proprietor for the time being is cup- bearer to the king at his coronation, on which occasion he presents three maple cups to his majesty, and, on performing that office in person, receives the honour of knighthood. The upper part is thickly wooded, and in that portion lying in Romney Marsh are some luxuriant pastures 3 the soil is clay, alternated with sand ; the chief crops are wheat, oats, beans, peas, and hops. Over the Royal Military canal, which passes through the parish, is a neat bridge, and adjoining it a coal and timber wharf. A fair for toys is held on the 5th of July. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £49 5 patrons and impropriators. Representatives of the late Sir W. R. Cosway, whose tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £615. A school is conducted on the national plan. A priory for Black canons was founded here, before the year 1253, by John Mansell, provost of Beverley, who dedicated it to the Blessed Virgin 3 its revenue was valued at the Dissolution at £81. 1 . 6 ., and v/as granted in exchange for other lands to the Archbishop of Canterbury. BILSON, county of Suffolk. — See Bildeston. BILSTHORPE (St. Margaret), a parish, in the union of Southwell, South-Clay division of the wapen- take of Bassetlaw, N. division of the county of Not- tingham, 5 miles (S.) from Ollerton 3 containing 244 inhabitants, and comprising 1420 acres. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 1 . 8. 3 patron, Earl of Scarborough 3 impropriator, H. Gordon, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £372, and there are 75 acres of glebe. The church stands on an eminence above the village 3 the tower, which has two bells, appears to have been built in 1663. BILSTON, a market-town and chapelry, in the parish, borough, and union of Wolverhampton, N. division of the hundred of Seisdon, S. division of the county of Stafford, 3 miles (S. E.) from Wolverhamp- ton, 19 (S. by E.) from Stafford, and 120 (N. W.) from London 3 containing 20,181 inhabitants. This place, which formerly belonged to the portionists or preben- daries of Wolverhampton, and in their charter is called Bilsreton,” was a royal demesne at the time of the Conquest, and in the reign of Edward III. was, under the appellation of Billestune,” certified to be exempt from toll. It comprises part of the manner of Stow- heath, and the whole of the manor of Bradley, sepa- rated from each other by a brook which, rising at Sedgley, about two miles distant, forms one of the sources of the river Tame, and flows through the township. Previously to the introduction of the iron- works, Bilston merely contained a few private houses 3 and its population in 1695, according to the census then taken, was only 1004 3 but from the abundance 238 and rich quality of its mines of coal and iron-stone> and the consequent establishment of the iron trade, it rapidly increased in extent and population, and. has become one of the largest manufacturing places in the county. The town is situated on rising ground in the centre of a district abounding with numerous foundries, forges, furnaces, steam-engines, and other works neces- sary for the various processes of the iron manufacture, of which the smoke by day and the fires by night pre- sent a scene singularly impressive. It extends for nearly two miles in length, is irregularly built, and is lighted with gas brought from the works at West Bromwich, four miles distant ; the principal streets contain several substantial and handsome houses, and throughout the neighbourhood are scattered,, in every direction, the numerous habitations of pei?sons em- ployed in the different works. The manufacture of tin, japanned and enamelled wares of every kind, iron- wire, nails, screws, iron-gates and palisades, machinery, steam-engines, and all the heavier articles in the iron trade, is carried on to a very considerable extent 3 and there are also some mills for forming pig-iron into bars, and many iron and brass foundries. Clay, of which the coarser kind of pottery ware is made, and a par- ticularly fine sand for casting, are found in great abun- dance 3 and there are quarries of a very hard stone, much valued for grindstones and troughs, and for building, lying in horizontal strata of twelve layers, gradually increasing in thickness from the surface. The Birmingham and Staffordshire canal, which passes near the town, and several branch canals in the vicinity, together with the Grand Junction railway, afford the means of conveying the produce of the mines, the mas- sive productions of the foundries, and the various manufactures of the town and neighbourhood, to different parts of the kingdom. The market days> established by act of parliament in 1825, are Monday and Saturday 3 and the fairs, which are toll-free, are on Whit-Monday and the Monday preceding the Michaelmas fair at Birmingham. A court of requests for debts not exceeding £5 is held under an act of the 48th of George III. The LIVING is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the resident Householders 3 net income, £635. The curacy was originally founded about 1458, by the householders, at that time about fifteen in number, who endowed it with considerable portions of land, which were sequestered in the reign of Edward VI. The chapel, dedicated to St. Leonard, was built in the reign of Richard II., and rebuilt in 1826, by the united exertions of the Rev. William Leigh, the then incum- bent, and the parishioners. In 1829, a chapel of ease, dedicated to St. Mary, was erected at an expense of £ 7223 . 6 . 1 ., which was defrayed by a grant from the Parliamentary Commissioners 3 it is an elegant struc- ture, in the later English style, with a handsome square embattled tower crowned by pinnacles. The minister is appointed by the incumbent of St. Leonard’s, and derives his income solely from the. rents of the pews, amounting to about £83 per annum. There are places of worship for Baptists, Independents, Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists, and Roman Catholics. A Blue- coat school, called the Town school, was founded in 1699 , by Humphrey Perry, Esq. During the preva- lence of the Asiatic cholera, in the autumn of 183.2, B I L T B I N C this place suffered severely from its destructive ravages 3 in the months of August and September, 3568 of the inhabitants were attacked, and 742 died in less than seven weeks. To mitigate the aggravated sufferings of the poor, a subscription, amounting to £8536. 8. 7., was raised in various parts of the kingdom 3 and for the gratuitous education of the children under 12 years of age, in number 450, bereaved of their parents by the visitation* two excellent school-rooms were erected from the surplus fund, and opened with much so- lemnity. BILSTONE, a chapelry, in the parish of Norton- juxta-Twycross, union of Market-Bosworth, hun- dred of Sparkenhoe, S. division of the county of Leicester, 3^ miles (N. W. by W.) from Market-Bos- worth 5 containing 126 inhabitants. BILTON, a township, in the parish of Lesbury, union of Alnwick, S. division of Bambrough ward, N. division of Northumberland 3 containing* 121 inhabitants. BILTON {St, Mark), a parish, in the union of Rugby, Rugby division of the hundred of Knightlow, N. division of the county of Warwick, mile (W. S. W.) from Rugby 3 containing 623 inhabitants. It comprises about 2200 acres, of which the soil is clay, loam, and gravel, and the surface gently undulated. Bilton Hall, with the estate belonging to it, was pur- chased in the early part of the last century by Addison, the poet and moralist, who spent a considerable por- tion of the latter part of his life here, where he wrote his Evidences of the Christian Religion 3” and Miss Addison, his only child, retired hither towards the close of her life, where she died in 1797- The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £16. 10. 7^- ? patron and incumbent. Rev. J. T. Parker : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £517, and the glebe consists of 105 acres. The church is princi- pally Norman, of which style it exhibits some good specimens 3 the tower and spire are of later date. A school, now conducted on the national plan, was en- dowed with £20 per annum, the bequest of Langton Freeman, Esq., in 1783. BILTON, a chapelry, in the parish of Swine, union of Skirlaugh, Middle division of the wapentake of Holderness, E. riding of York, 4| miles (N. E.) from Hull 5 containing 84 inhabitants. This place, called in Domesday book, Biletone, at an early period gave name to a family resident here 3 and among sub- sequent owners of land occur the families of Knowles and Stanhope 3 the present chief proprietor is Viscount Downe. The township comprises 1180a. 29p., tithe- free : the village, which is neat, is on the old turnpike- road, equidistant from Hull and Hedon. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of Viscount Downe, the impropriator, and has a net income of £45 3 there is a glebe of 4| acres. The chapel, dedicated to St. Peter, is a small building of early English character, with a bell-turret 3 the interior is neat and appropriate, and contains a very old circular font. BILTON {St, Helen), a parish, in the Ainsty wapentake, W. riding of York 3 containing 881 inha- bitants, of whom 214 are in the township of Bilton, 9 miles (W. by S.) from York. The parish includes the townships of Bilton, Bickerton, and Tockwith, and comprises by computation 4939 acres, of which 21 67a. 239 Ir. SSp, are in the first-named township 3 the soil is fertile, and the lands are well cultivated. The road from York to Wetherby runs through the parish. The living is a discharged vicarage, in the patronage of the Prebendary, of Bilton in the Cathedral of York, valued in the king’s books at £3. 16. 0^., and with a net in- come of £131 ; allotments of land were assigned in lieu of tithes for the township of Bilton in 1776. Bil- ton school, built by Hall Plumer, Esq., in 1805, is endowed with £5 per annum from Lady Hewley’s charity, for which 10 children are taught. At Syn- ingthwaite, in the parish, Bertram Haget, in II60, founded a Cistercian nunnery for a prioress and twelve nuns, in honour of the Blessed Virgin. At the Disso- lution it had a revenue of £62. 6., and was granted to Sir Thomas Tempest 3 the estate is at present the pro- perty of the trustees of Lord Wharton’s Bible charity, and the remains of the nunnery, now a farm-house, are surrounded by a moat inclosing 8 acres. BILTON, with Harrogate, a township, in the parish of Knaresborough, Lower division of the wapentake of Claro, W. riding of York, 2^ miles (W.) from Knaresborough 3 containing, with Harrogate, 3372 inhabitants. Bilton is a small, well-built village. A free school is endowed with about £30 per annum, for the instruction of 20 children, given by Richard Taylor, in 1785. In the neighbourhood are several petrifying springs, and one of a sulphureous nature. — See Harrogate. BINACRE, county of Suffolk. — See Benacre. BINBROOKE, a district (formerly a market- town), comprising the parishes of St, Gabriel and St, Mary, in the union of Louth, S. division of the wapentake of Walshcroft, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 8 miles (E. N. E.) from Market-Rasen. There are extensive rabbit-warrens in the neighbour- hood, and considerable business is done in the dress- ing of skins for furriers. A fair is held on Easter- Tuesday, on which day there are also horse-races. St, Gabriel’s, containing, with the extra-parochial liberty of Orforth, 7O8 inhabitants, is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £83 present income, £753. patron and appropriator. Prebendary of Milton in the Cathedral of Lincoln : the church is in ruins. St. Mary’s, containing 501 inhabitants, is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 4. 2., and in the patronage of "the Crown 3 net income, £291. The Wesleyans have a place of worship here. BINCHESTER, a township, in the parish of St. Andrew- Auckland, union of Auckland, N. W. divi- sion of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Durham, 2 miles (N. by E.) from Bishop-Auckland 3 containing 43 inhabitants. Binchester appears to have been a Roman station, called Vinovia by Antoninus, and Binovium by Ptolemy, situated on the Fosse-way. Mr. Cade considers it to have been sacred to Bacchus, and to have derived its name, Vinovium, from the festi- vals held there in honour of that deity. The fortress occupied an elevated site rising from the bank of the river Wear, and the station comprised about twenty- nine acres of ground, within which, and in its vicinity, the remains of a hypocaust, altars, urns, and other relics, were found at different times, and were preserved in the coWt-yard of the mansion-house till the year 1828, when they were destroyed by the late owner of B I N F BING the estate^ to assist in forming the walls of a coal-pit : one altar only was saved, which has been deposited in the library of the Dean and Chapter of Durham. The estate of Binchester was purchased, a few years since, by the late bishop of Durham, Dr. Van-Mildert, and annexed to the see, by virtue of an act of parliament which enabled him to alienate certain distant manors, and vest the proceeds in estates nearer the seat of his diocese. BINCOMBE {Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Weymouth, liberty of Frampton, Dorchester divi- sion of Dorset, 5 miles (S. by W.) from Dorchester 3 containing 17O inhabitants. It comprises by measure- ment 1000 acres, of which the soil is strong, the surface hilly, and the pasture land in general excellent. There are some quarries of a very fine durable stone, easily worked, a great quantity of which has been used in the public buildings at Dorchester. The living is a rectory, with that of Broadway annexed, valued in the king’s books at £9. 1. 5^.3 patrons. Master and Fellows of Gains College, Cambridge. The tithes of Bincombe have been commuted for a rent-charge of £180, and those of Broadway for one of £290. 10. 6. 3 the glebe, in Bincombe, comprises about 30 acres, and in Broad- way, 20. The church is a small structure, with a square tower. Numerous barrows are visible on the neigh- bouring downs. BINDERTON, a parish, in the union of West- Hampnett, hundred of Westbourn and Singleton, rape of Chichester, W. division of Sussex, 4 miles (N.) from Chichester ; containing 75 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 1345 acres of land, of which the soil is chalky, and the surface hilly. The living is endowed v/ith a portion of the tithes, and is annexed to West Dean and Singleton : the old church was taken down, and the present one erected a short distance from it about the year 1680, by Thomas Smyth, Esq. 3 it has not been consecrated, and is private property. BINEGAR {Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Shepton-Mallet, hundred of Wells-Forum, E. division of Somerset, 4 miles (N.) from Shepton- Mallet 3 containing 338 inhabitants. It comprises 1 100 acres, and lies on the great road from Bristol to Exeter, through Shepton-Mallet. A large fair, noted for the sale of horses, formerly held at Wells, was removed hither in the seventeenth century, in consequence of the plague, and is held during the whole of Whitsun-week. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 12. 8^., and in the patronage of the Prebendary of Whitchurch in the Cathedral of Wells : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £250 3 and the glebe consists of 44 acres, with a good residence. The church contains a monument to the Rev. Mr. Tuson, a former rector, and his wife, Lady Frances Tuson, one of the Somerset family. There are a place of worship for Wesleyans at Gurney Slade, and a national school. BINFIELD {All Saints), a parish, in the union of East Hampstead, hundred of Cookham, county of Berks, 3 miles (N. W.) from Bracknell 3 containing 1242 inhabitants. The parish comprises 3218a. SOp., of which 1660 acres are arable, 1275 meadow, and 282 woodland, and is situated in the midst of the tract called the Royal Hunt, in Windsor Forest. It is distinguished as the residence of Pope, who lived with his father in the village, where, at the age of sixteen, he composed 240 some of his earliest poems 3 and in a retired part of the forest, consisting entirely of beech-trees, on the edge of a common, within half a mile of his father’s house, is a large tree, on the trunk of which, about twelve feet from the ground, was inscribed by George, Lord Lyttelton, in capital letters, here pope svng,” — which inscrip- tion is annually renewed. The living is a rectory, va- lued in the king’s books at £18. I7. 1., and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £800, and there are 20 acres of glebe. The church has portions in different styles 3 the north entrance is Norman 3 a few windows are of the early, but most of them, with the tower and south door- way, are of the decorated English style 3 one large win- dow is of a later character. Mrs. Macaulay, the historian, is buried here. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and a national school has an endow- ment of £37. 15. 6. per annum, arising from land. On the summit of a hill, near Binfield Place, are the remains of a very large encampment, defended by a double ditch, named Caesar’s Camp,” and supposed to have been occupied by Julius Caesar in his invasion of Britain 3 and about half a mile to the south of this camp is a raised road, ninety feet wide, with a trench on each side pointing in a direction from east to west, which is called the Devil’s Highway.” BINGFIELD, achapelry, in the parish of St. John- Lee, union of Hexham, S. division of Tindale ward and of Northumberland, 6^ miles (N. N. E.) from Hex- ham 3 containing 111 inhabitants. It occupies an emi- nence about five miles north-north-east from St. John- Lee, and contains some farmholds. The road from Corbridge to Cowden passes on the west. The chapel is dedicated to St. Mary. The tithes have been com- muted for rent-charges amounting to £178. 4. 6., of which £150. 10. are payable to the Mercers’ Company, London, and £27. 14. 6. to an impropriator. A school is endowed with £10 per annum, payable out of the estate of W. H. Clarke, Esq. Near the Eringburn, a little northward from the village, is a mineral spring, the water of which Js so powerful that neither fish nor any kind of insect can live in it, and which was said by the celebrated Dr. Werge to be in no respect inferior to Gilsland spa. BINGHAM {All Saints), a market-town and pa- rish, and the head of a union, in the N. division of the wapentake of Bingham, S. division of the county of Nottingham, 10 miles (E.) from Nottingham, and 123 (N. W. by N.) from London 3 containing, with part of the township of Newton, 1998 inhabitants. This place, previously to the Conquest, was possessed by two Saxon chieftains, and appears to have been anciently more ex- tensive than at present : it had a college, or guild, founded in honour of St. Mary. The parish, which comprises by computation 2985a. Ir. 37p., is bounded on the east by the river Smite, or Suite, and intersected by the road from Nottingham to Grantham 3 and the road from Nottingham to Newark passes within a mile of the town, the canal from Nottingham to Grantham within three, and the Trent within three and a half 3 the soil is various, but generally very good, and the surface level, except to the north and south, where it is more elevated. The town is pleasantly situated in the fertile vale of Belvoir, and consists chiefly of two parallel streets, one of which leads directly into a spacious mar- BING BING ket-place 5 some smaller streets have been formed within the last twenty years. The houses^ though irregularly built, are neat, and several of them of handsome appear- ance : the town is well paved and amply supplied v/ith water. The market is on Thursday, and fairs are held on Feb. 9 th, 10 th, 11 th, and 12 th 3 the first Thursday in May, Whit-Thursday, May 31st, and Nov. 8 th and 9 th, for horses principally, and also cattle, sheep, hogs, &c. The LIVING is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 44 . 7« 11 ., and in the patronage of the Earl of Chester- field : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £1400, and there are about 34 acres of glebe, with a good residence. The church is an ancient and spacious cruciform structure, partaking of the early and decorated English styles, with a square embattled and highly en- riched tower, crowned with the remains of statues, which have been substituted for pinnacles, and sur- mounted by a lofty spire, which, with the upper stage of the tower, is of later erection : within the church are some beautiful specimens of foliage and sculpture, of elegant design and elaborate execution. There are places of worship for Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists. An endowment of £8 per annum, by Thomas Tealby, for a free school, has been augmented with a dividend of £10 per annum, payable on the sum of £150, raised by the performance of plays, and invested in the Nottingham and Grantham canal, by a few individuals of the town. The poor law union of Bingham comprises 40 parishes and places, of which 38 are in the county of Not- tingham, and two in the county of Leicester, and con- tains a population of 16 , 196 . The Roman Fosse-way, in its course through the parish, passes by a large mound, called Castle Hill, the site of an ancient fortress. Mr. Robert White the astronomer, and editor of the Ephemeris which bears his name, was a native of the parish, and is interred here 5 a mural tablet in the chui^ch is inscribed to his memory. Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury 5 Wren, Bishop of Ely 3 and Hanmer, Bishop of Bangor, were successively rectors of the parish, from which they were promoted to their respec- tive sees, in the seventeenth century. BINGLEY {All Saints), a parish and market-town, in the union of Keighley, Upper division of the wapen- take of Skyrack, W. riding of York 3 containing 11,850 inhabitants, of whom 10,157 are in the market-town of Bingley (including Micklethwaite), 37 miles (W. S. W.) from York, and 202 (N. N. W.) from London. This place is one of the thirty-two lordships granted by the Conqueror to Erneis de Berun, from whose descendants it passed to the Paganells and the Gants, and afterwards to the Cantilupe family, from whom it was purchased by Robert Benson, Baron Bingley, and ambassador to the court of Vienna, in the reign of Anne. The manor passed by marriage with the heiress of Baron Bingley, to George Fox, Esq., who assumed the surname of Lane, and was created Baron Bingley in I762 3 and on the death of the second baron in 1773, it was conveyed to the ancestor of George Lane Fox, Esq., the present lord. The town is situated on a gentle eminence, in a rich and fertile valley, bounded on the west by the river ' Aire, and on the east by the Leeds and Liverpool canal 3 and consists chiefly of one long street, on the road from Keighley to Bradford, in the manufactures of which latter place it largely participates : the houses are built VoL. I. — 241 of stone, with which the neighbourhood abounds 3 the streets are lighted with gas, from works erected in 1837? and the inhabitants are amply supplied with water : the air is salubrious, and the environs, which are richly wooded, abound with pleasingly varied scenery. The worsted and cotton manufactures, for which there are several large establishments, are carried on, and the town, which has been gradually increasing for the last twenty years in population and extent, is advancing in prosperity and importance 3 the manufacture of paper is carried on, for which there are two mills at Morton, where are also a cotton-mill and four worsted-mills ; and there is likewise a considerable trade in malt. The market, originally granted to the Gant family in the reign of John, is on Tuesday 3 and fairs for horses and horned- cattle are held on the 25th of January and of August, and on the two following days for horses. A court of requests is held at Keighley for the recovery of debts not exceeding £15, to which amount its jurisdic- tion was extended by act of parliament in 18395 petty- sessions are held on the last Tuesday in every month. The parish, including the townships of East and West Morton, comprises 13,000 acres, of which number nearly 10,000 are in Bingley with Micklethwaite : the soil is gene- rally fertile, and the land in good cultivation 3 the surface is finely varied, and the scenery abounds with interest- ing features. A considerable portion of the township of Bingley belongs to the Ferrand family, whose ancestor came over to England with William the Conqueror, and whose descendants have ever since continued at this place. St. Ives, the seat of Mrs. Ferrand 3 Harden Grange, the seat of William Busfeild Ferrand, Esq., M.P. 3 Myrtle Grove, the property of Mrs. Walker Ferrand 3 Ryshworth Hall, Cottingley House, and seve- ral other seats, are all good residences. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 6 . 8 ., and in the patronage of the Crown 3 net in- come, £233 3 impropriator. Rev. W. Penny. The church is a spacious and venerable structure, with a square em- battled tower, in the later English style, and having suffered much dilapidation, was restored in the reign of Henry VIII. 5 it contains several monuments to the Ferrand and Busfeild families. There are places of worship for Baptists, Independents, Primitive Metho- dists, and Wesleyans. The free grammar school was founded in the reign of Henry VIIL, and endowed with land and tenements producing at present £260 per an- num, subject to certain payments to the poor : the pre- mises comprise a large schoolroom, and a house and garden for the master. Another school, in the village of Cullingworth in the parish, is partly supported by an endowment of £8 per annum 3 and Walker Ferrand, Esq., built, in 1828, a school and master’s house for an infants’ school, at Harden. There is also a national school, capable of admitting 800 scholars, and commenced in 1830, to which is attached a library. Mrs. Sarah Rhodes, in 1784, gave five cottages, which she endowed as almshouses for five aged widows, who receive £3 per annum each. Thomas Busfeild, Esq., in 17^7^ be- queathed the interest on £8003 and there are also several bequests for distribution in bread and clothes among the poor, and for other charitable uses. John Nicholson, the Airedale poet, w^as buried here in May, 1843. 2 I B I N S B I NT BING- WESTON, a quarter, in the parish of Wou- THEN, hundred of Chirbury, S. division of Salop 3 containing 91 inhabitants. BINHAM {Holy Cross), a parish, in the union of Walsingham, hundred of North Greenhoe, W. divi- sion of Norfolk, 5 miles (S. W.) from Wells 3 contain- ing 5G2 inhabitants. This place was the site of a Bene- dictine priory, founded in the reign of Henry L, by Peter de Valoines, nephew of William the Conqueror, as a cell to the abbey of Sb Alban’s, which flourished till the Dissolution, when its revenue was returned at £140. 5. 4. The parish comp;rises ^241a. Ir. Sp.,, of which 1 825 acres are arable, and 386 pasture and mea- dow. In the village is the shaft of an ancient market- cross, and a fair, which is still held there on the 26th of July, and three following days, is chiefly for cattle, and for pleasure. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 4. 3 patron and impropriator, T. T. Clarke, Esq. : the great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £200, and the vicarial for one of £100, and the glebe comprises about an acre. The church is the nave of the conventual church of the priory, of which there are also some other remains, consisting of portions of the transepts, and is chiefly in the Norman style, with some later details. A national school was founded in 1815, and a school for girls is supported by Mr. Clarke. The poor have lands and a house called the Guildhall, producing £41. 5. per annum. BINLEY, a tything, in the parish of Bourne, union of Whitchurch, hundred of Evingar, Kingsclere and N. divisions of the county of Southampton 3 containing 138 inhabitants. BINLEY {St. Bartholomew) , a parish, in the union of Foleshill, Kirby division of the hundred of Knjght- Low, N. division of the county of Warwick, 3 miles (E. by S.) from Coventry 3 containing, with the liberty of Earnsford, 233 inhabitants. This parish, consisting of 1469 acres, is situated on the road from Coventry to Lutterworth, and is intersected by the London and Bir- mingham railway, the portion of which passing through the parish is of the rateable annual value of £270. The living is a donative curacy 3 net income, £52 3 patron and impropriator, Earl Craven. The ehurch was built by Lord Craven, and consecrated in 1772. The Rev. Thomas WagstalFe, who wrote a defence of Charles I., was born here, and died at Rouen in I77O. BINNINGTON, a township, in the parish of Wil- lerby, wapentake of Dickering, E. riding of York, 7 miles (W. by N.) from Hunmanby 3 containing 6 1 in- habitants. It is situated on the road from Hunmanby to Sherburn, and comprises by computation 910 acres of land, the property of Sir Thomas Legard, Bart. The river Hartford flows at a short distance north of the villago. The ^reat tithes were commuted for land and corn-rents, under an inclosure act obtained in 1801, and the vicarial by a similar act passed in 1803. BINSEY {St. Margaret), a parish, in the union of Abingdon, and liberty of the city of Oxford, locally in the hundrednf Wgotton, county of Oxford, 2 miles (N. W.) from Oxford 3 containing 61 inhabitants. The soil is that of good meadow and grazing land, but the ground is in general low, and subject to inundation from the river Isis, on the banks of which the parish is mostly situated. ! The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, -242 £90 3 patrons. Dean and Chapter of Christ- Churcii, Oxford, The church is of great antiquity, .having once belonged to the monastery of St. Eriedeswide, at Osney. BINSTEAD {Holy Cross), a parish, in the Isle of Wight incorporation, liberty of East Medina, I^eof Wight and S. divisions of the county of Southampton, 1 mile (W.) from Ryde 3 containing 278 inhabitants. In the vicinity are the ancient quarries from which was taken part of the stone for the erection of Win- chester cathedral. The soil is a rich marl, and the lands are in profitable cultivation. The living is a dis- charged rectory, valued in the king s books at £1 . 7* 1 • 3 net income, £52 3 patron. Bishop of Winchester, The church is said to have been built by one of the early bishops of Winchester. At Quarr are the remains of an abbey of Cistercian monks, which was founded in 1132, by Baldwin de Redveriis, then lord of the island, and its revenue at the Dissolution was estimated at £184. 1. 10. BINSTED {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union and hundred of Alton, Alton and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, miles (E. by N.) from Alton 3 containing 1055 inhabitants. It is extremely fertile, and the surrounding country pleasantly varied 3 the lands are in good condition, and about 120 acres are planted with hops. It includes the forest of Alice Holt, comprising 1800 acres, which was inclosed by act Df parliament in I8I6. The living is a vicarage not in charge, annexed, with those of Holybourne and Kings- ley, to the vicarage of Alton. BINSTED {St. Mary), ,a parish, in" the union of West-Hampnett, hundred of Avisford, rape of Arun- del, W. division of Sussex, 2 miles (W. by S.) from Arundel 3 containing 111 inhabitants. It cou%prises 1086 acres, of which 424 are arable, 244 pasture, and 418 woodland, and is crossed by the road from Arundel to Bognor. The living is a vicarage, endowed with the great tithes, valued in the kings books at £5. 17* 8-^.> and in the patronage of the Dowager Countess of New- burgh : thetithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £175. The church is a small plain building. BINTON {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Stratford-upon-Avon, Stratford division of the hun- dred of Barlichway, S. division of the county of Warwick, 3| miles (W. by S.) from Stratford 3 contain- ing 269 inhabitants. The parish is bounded on the south by the river Avon, over which is a bridge con- tinuing the road leading to Chipping- Campden : it com- prises 1228 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. IQ. 3 net income, £140 3 patron. Marquess^ of Hertford. An allotment of land and .a money payment were assigned in lieu of moduses and certain tithes for this parish and Old Stratford, in 1779. BINTREE {St. Swithin), a parish, in the union of Mitfoird and Launditch, hundred of Eynsford, E. division of Norfolk, 2 miles (S. E. by 8*) from Guist 3 containing 409 inhabitants. This parish, which is bounded on the west by the river Wensum, is situ- ated on thepoad from Norwich to Fakenham, and com- prises 144’3 is endowed with land producing about £40 per annum, purchased with a bequest of £400 by George Gibson, in 1733. BIRCH, a chapelry, in the parish of Middleton, union of Chorlton, hundred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 2f miles (W. W.) from Middleton. This' place is half-way between Rochdale and Manchester : the road from Manchester to Hey- wood runs through the village j and the Rochdale canal, and Manchester and Leeds railway, pass along the east- ern side of the chapelry. The spinning of cotton, and the manufacture of gingham, are carried on to a limited extent. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patron- age of the Rector of Middleton, with a net income of £150 f there is a parsonage-house. The church, dedi- cated to St. Mary, was built by means of a parliamentary grant of £4^0, and consecrated Dec. 11 th, 1828. At- tached is a district formed out of the parishes of Mid- dleton and Bury. A National school is held in the Sunday schoolroom connected with the church. BIRCH, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Warrington, hundred of West Derby, S. division of the county of Lancaster, if mile (E. N. E.) from War- rington. The living is a donative 3 net income, £l 60 3 patron, J. Dickinson, Esq. BIRCH, GREAT and LITTLE (St. Peter), a pa- rish, in the union of Lexden and Winstree, Col- chester division of the hundred of Lexden, N. division of Essex, 5f miles (S, W.) from Colchester 3 containing 794 inhabitants. The parish is supposed to have de- rived its name from the Saxon, signifying a bridge, from a bridge over the brook, which is now called Hickford bridge. It comprises 3Q28 acres, by measurement 3 the soil is various, consisting of dry loam resting on clay marl of a whitish colour, and of heavier mould resting on brown clay, which produces abundant crops. Birch Castle was fortified against Henry III. by Sir Ralph Gernon, then lord of the manor, of which the ancient mansion-house has dwindled into a mere cottage : there are still remains of the castle. The living is a rectory, with that of Little Birch (which was formerly a parish valued in the king’s books at £5. 6. 8.) united, va- lued in the king’s books at £11, and in the gift of the Bishop of London and C. Round, Esq. : the tithes of Great Birch have been commuted for a rent-charge of £ 574 , with a glebe of 57^ acres, and those of Little Birch for one of £210, with a glebe of 14^ acres. The chnrch is a small edifice, with a spire of shingles. When the church of Little Birch became a ruin, several of the monuments in it were removed to Earl’s Colne. 243 BIRCH, LITTLE (St. Mary), a parish, in the Upper division of th\e hundred of Wormelow, union and county of Hereford, 0 miles (S.) from Hereford 3 comprising by admeasurement 935. acres,, and containing 375 inhabitants. Free sandstone of good quality is raised in considerable quantities. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 12.11., and in the gift of Guy’s Hospital, London : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £160*, and the glebe consists of 14 acres. The church has been just rebuilt on an enlarged plan, with stone supplied from quarries within the parish. A school, in connexion with the National Society,, is supported by subscription. BIRCH, MUCH (St. Mary), a parish, in the Upper division of the hundred of Wormelow, union and county of Hereford, 6 :|: miles (S. by W.) from Here- ford 3 ; containing 484 inhabitants. On the west the parish is bounded by the road from Hereford to Mon- mouth, and intersected by that between the former and Ross 3 it consists of II 70 acres. The living is a per- petual curacy 3 net income, £91. The ancient place called Wormelow, from which the hundred takes its name, is within this parish. BIRCHAM, GREAT (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Docking, hundred of Smithdon, W. division of Norfolk, 9 miles (N. N. E.) from Rougham 3 con- taining 511 inhabitants. It comprises 3606a. 2 r. Sp., of which 2937 acres are arable, 436 woodland, and the rest sheep-walk and pasture. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s hooks at £ 22 , and in the patroa- age of A. Hamond, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £575, and there are 73 acres of glebe, with a handsome house. The church is in the early and later English styles, with Norman remains. Schools are supported. BIRCHAM-NEWTON (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Docking, hundred of Smithdon, W. divi- sion of Norfolk, 7i miles (S. W. by S.) from Burnham- Westgate 3 containing 107 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, with that of Bircham-Tofts annexed, valued in the king’s books at £7. 13. 4 . 3 patron. Mar- quess of Cholmondeley. The tithes of this parish have been commuted for a rent-charge of £218, and of Bircham-Tofts, for a like sum 3 and there are in Bircham-Newton 48, and in Bircham-Tofts 32 acres of glebe, BIRCHAM-TOFTS (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Docking, hundred of Smithdon, W. division of Norfolk, 7-^ miles (S. S. W.) from Burnham-West- gate 3 containing 142 inhabitants. The living is a dis- charged rectory, annexed to that of Bircham-Newton^ and valued in the king’s books at £ 6 . 13. 4. BIRCHANGER (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Bishop-Stortford, hundred of Uttlesfokd, N. division of Essex, 2 miles (N. E.) from Bishop-Stort- ford 3 containing 386 inhabitants. It was given by Richard II. to William of Wykebam, for the endowment of New College, Oxford, the Warden md Fellows of which are the present proprietors. The parish com- prises 1051a. 23p., of which 730 acres are arable, 185 meadow, and 97 woodland. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 13. 4., and in the gift of the college : the impropriate tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £50, and the rectorial for one of £310, and there are 24 acres of glebe, with a 2 12 BIRD BIRD handsome house. The churchy pleasantly situated on the summit of a hill, near the London road, is a small ancient edifice, with a round tower, and contains a fine Norman arch. Richard de Newport founded here, in the reign of John, an hospital dedicated to St. Mary and St. Leonard, for a master and two chaplains, the revenue of which, in the ^6th of Henry VIII., was £31. 13. 11. BIRCHER, a township, in the parish of Yarpole, union of Leominster, hundred of Wolphy, county of Hereford, 5^ miles (N. by W.) from Leominster j con- taining 257 inhabitants. BIRCHES, a township, in the parish of Great Budworth, union and hundred of Northwich, S. division of the county of Chester, 3j miles (E. S. E.) from Northwich j containing 8 inhabitants. Mrs. Eliza- beth Dobson, about 1695, assigned an estate here in trust for the education of two boys, one to be the son of a counsellor, and the other the son of a divine of the Church of England. BIRCHINGTON {All Saints), a parish, within the cinque-port liberty of Dovor (of which it is a member, though locally in the hundred of Ringslow, or the Isle of Thanet), union of the Isle of Thanet, lathe of St, Augustine, E. division of Kent, 3| miles (W. by S.) from Margate 5 containing, with Gorend, 874 inhabitants, and comprising by admeasurement 1283 acres of arable, and 290 acres of pasture land. It is said to have been anciently called Birchington in Gorend, from a place called Gorend on the sea-shore, where tradi- tion reports the church to have stood, and to have been destroyed by the falling of the clilf. The village is on the road from Margate to Canterbury, and a pleasure fair is held in it on the Monday and Tuesday at Whitsuntide. At Quex Park, a fine old seat, is preserved a curious old gilt chair, which was used by William III. when he occupied Quex, whilst waiting for favourable winds to convey him to Holland, and was borrowed by the late Sir William Curtis for the use of George IV., when he embarked at Ramsgate for his Hanoverian dominions, in 1821. The living is united, with Acole, to the vicar- age of Monkton. On the north side of the church is Quex chapel, belonging to the manor of Quex, where are interred several of the family of Crispe, to whom there are numerous and very interesting ancient monu- ments and brasses. A place of worship for dissenters was erected a few years since ; and there is a school, founded under the will, dated Feb. 13th, 1707^ of Mrs. Anna Gertrude Crispe, who bequeathed 47 acres of land in Birchington and Monkton for certain charitable pur- poses. BIRCHOLT {St. Margaret), a parish, in the union of East Ashford, franchise and barony of Bircholt, lathe of Shepway, E. division of Kent, 4 miles (E. by S.) from Ashford 5 containing 37 inhabitants. The liv- ing is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £2. 10. 10. 5 net income, £50 ^ patron. Sir E. Knatchbull, Bart. The church is in ruins. BIRCHOVER, a chapelry, in the parish of Youl- grave, union of Bakewell, hundred of High Peak, N, division of the county of Derby, 1 mile (N. by W.) from Winster ; containing, with the hamlet of Gratton, 112 inhabitants. BIRDALL, with Raisthorpe, a township, in the parish of Wharram-Percy, wapentake of Buckrose, 244 E. riding of York, 8j miles (S. E.) from New Malton ; containing 48 inhabitants. The township, which is situated in a valley of the wolds, is set out in farms, and comprises about 2130 acres, whereof about 400 are rabbit warren : the road from Malton to Wetwang passes on the east. BIRDBROOK {St. Augustine), a parish, in the union of Risbridge, hundred of Hinckford, N. divi- sion of Essex,? miles (N. W.) from Castle Hedingbamj containing 557 inhabitants. This parish, which is sepa- rated from the county of Suffolk by the river Stour, comprises an area of about 2240 acres, and is beauti- fully situated on a hill descending to the north and south, and commanding a richly diversified prospect. The soil is a deep sandy loam, extremely favourable to the growth of forest timber, especially oak, of w^hich there are many noble and stately trees. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19, and in the patron- age of Clare Hall, Cambridge : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £600, and there are 99 acres of glebe. The church has many fine details in the early English style. Here is a national school. The Roman road from Colchester to Cambridge passed through the parish, in which several ancient coins have been found. BIRDFORTH, a chapelry, in the parish of Cox- wold, union of Thirsk, wapentake of Birdforth, N. riding of York, 5 miles (N. W. by N.) from Easing- would 3 containing 44 inhabitants. It comprises 595 acres, of which 259 are arable, and 334 meadow and pasture, mostly the property of Viscount Downe, who is lord of the manor. The village is situated on the road from Easingwould, and the Great North of England railway passes a short distance on the west. The an- tiquity of the place is evinced by its having given name to the wapentake. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Archbishop of York : the ap- propriate tithes, belonging to Trinity College, Cambridge, have been commuted for a rent-charge of £108. 15., and those of the incumbent for one of £64. 2. The chapel of ease was partly rebuilt in 1585. BIRDHAM {St. Leonard), a parish, in the union of West Hampnett, hundred of Manhood, rape of Chichester, W. division of Sussex, 4 miles (S. W. by S.) from Chichester ^ containing 506 inhabitants. The parish comprises about 1?50 acres, and is intersected by the Portsmouth and Arun canal, which terminates at Chichester harbour, by which it is partly bounded on the north : the soil is a rich, strong, hazel mould, and good wheat land. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 0. 10. ; net income, £396 3 patrons. Dean and Chapter of Chichester : there are about 14 acres of glebe. The church consists of a nave and chancel, with a heavy square embattled tower. Here is a national school for the hundred of Manhood. BIRDINBURY, or Birbury {St. Leonard), a parish, in the union of Rugby, Southam division of the hun- dred of Knightlow, S. division of the county of War- wick, 5 miles (W. S. W.) from Dunchurch 5 containing 201 inhabitants. It comprises 1033rt. Ir. \9p-, of which 621 acres are arable, 361 pasture, and 44 woodland. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king s books at £7. 10. 3 net income, £120 3 patron, Sir T. Biddulph, Bart. Allotments of land and money pay- ments were assigned, in 1802, in lieu of tithes. B I R K B I R K BIRDSALL (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Malton, wapentake of Buckrose, E. riding of York, 5 miles (S. S. E.) from New Malton 3 containing 267 inhabitants. This parish comprises nearly 4000 acres, and lies partly on the edge of the wolds, extending southwards 3 the surface is mountainous, and the scenery wild and romantic 5 the soil is various, on the higher lands light and thin, and on the lower grounds rich loam alternated with clay. Limestone and free- stone of good quality are extensively quarried. The springs are numerous, rising from the sides of the hills. The village is widely scattered, occupying a semicircular range of picturesque acclivities at the western foot of the wolds. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net in- come, £40 5 patron and impropriator, Hugh Maynell Ingram, Esq., whose tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £580. 4., and who has a glebe of 543 acres. The church, an elegant structure in the early English style, with a lofty square embattled tower crowned with pinnacles, was erected in 1824, by Lord Middleton, at an expense of £3000. A school is supported by subscription. Henry Burton, a puritan divine, was born in the parish. BIRKBY, a township, in the parish of Cross- Can - NONBY, union of Cockermouth, Allerdale ward below Derwent, W. division of Cumberland, if mile (E. N. E.) from Maryport 3 containing 89 inhabitants. BIRKBY, a township, in the parish of Muncaster, union of Bootle, Allerdale ward above Derwent, W. division of Cumberland, 2f miles (E. by S.) from Ravenglass 3 containing 119 inhabitants. Extensive ruins of a British or Danish city, called Barnscar, are visible on Birkby-Fell. BIRKBY (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of North Allerton, wapentake of Allertonshire, N. riding of York 3 consisting of the townships of Birkby and Little Smeaton, and the chapelry of Hutton-Bon- ville 3 and containing 256 inhabitants, of whom 74 are in the township of Birkby, 6 miles (N. N. W.) from North Allerton. This parish comprises about 3000 acres of land, of which two-thirds are arable, and one- third pasture, with a little wood 3 the soil is a productive clay, and the surface, though not hilly, gently undu- lated : some parts are subject to inundation from the river Wiske. The Great Northern railway, passing to the east of Hutton-Bonville Hall, and slightly curving to the west of Birkby, crosses the Wiske. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 6 . 13. 4., and in the patronage of the Bishop of Ripon : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £205, and there are 4 acres of glebe, and an excellent parsonage-house, lately built. The church, erected in 1776 , is a plain brick building. At Hutton-Bonville is a chapel dedicated to St. Lawrence. BIRKDALE, a township, in the parish of North Meols, union of Ormskirk, hundred of West Derby, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 7^ miles (N. W.) from Ormskirk 3 containing 557 inhabitants. BIRKENHEAD, a parochial chapelry, in the union and Lower division of the hundred of Wirrall, S. division of the county of Chester, 9i miles (N. N. E.) from Great Neston 3 containing 8223 inhabitants. The Birkenhead and Chester railway takes a course of nearly fifteen miles, connecting this place with the city of Chester, and from this is a branch to the Woodside 245 Ferry, to which it is conveyed through a tunnel 573 yards in length. In 1833, an act was obtained for paving and improving the chapelry, and for regulating the police, and establishing a market : this was amended by an act passed in 1838, and in 1841 an act was pro-^ cured for lighting the township with gas, and supplying the inhabitants with water. Here is a large manufac- tory for iron steam-boats. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £153 3 patron and impropriator, F. R. Price, Esq. The chapel, dedicated to St. Mary, is a beautiful edifice, built in 1822, from a design by Rickman. An act was passed in 1841 for completing a new church. There are places of worship for Wesley- an s, Welsh Methodists, Independents, and Roman Catholics 3 and one in connexion with the Scottish Kirk has been recently erected. Schools have been established. A priory for sixteen Benedictine monks was founded here about 1150, in honour of St. Mary and St. James, by Hamon de Massey, third baron of Dun- ham-Massey, and according to Leland, was subordinate to the Abbey of St. Werburgh, at Chester 3 but from the power exercised by the monks. Bishop Tanner con- siders it to have been independent : the revenue, at the Dissolution, was £ 102 . I 6 . 10 . BIRKENSHAW, with Hunsworth, an ecclesias- tical district, in the township of Gomersal, parish of Birstal, wapentake of Morley, W. riding of York, 6 ^ miles (E.) from Leeds 3 containing 3000 inhabitants, of whom 1803 are in the hamlet of Birkenshaw. This place, which is situated at the junction of the Leeds and Halifax, and Dewsbury and Bradford turnpike-roads, in the heart of a district abounding with coal, iron-ore, and building-stone, has been rapidly increasing in import- ance, and is now an extensive, populous, and thriving village. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in the coal-mines, and in the extensive worsted factories of the Messrs. Ackroyd and others, in the combing of wool, and in the weaving of stuffs and woollen-cloths, the for- mer for the Bradford, and the latter for the Leeds mar- ket. The church, dedicated to St. Paul, was erected in 1829, at an expense of £2929, granted by the Parlia- mentary Commissioners, on a site given by the late Emanuel Emmet, Esq. : it is a handsome structure, in the early English style, with a square embattled tower, crowned with pinnacles and surmounted by a spire, and contains 702 sittings, of which 231 are free. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the Vicar of Birstal, with a net income of £150, and a handsome residence built, in 1835, at an expense, including the' purchase of nearly five acres of land, of £ 2000 , of which £800 were advanced by the governors of Queen Anne’s Bounty, and the remainder raised by subscription, under the auspices of the Rev. Henry J. Smith, the present incumbent. A national school, in a style corresponding with the church, was erected, in 1838, at a cost of £500, of which £210 were granted by the National Society, £99 by the Commissioners of Education, and the re- mainder raised by subscription 3 it is supported by sub- scription and small weekly payments from the scholars. — See Hunsworth. BIRKER, with Austhwaite, a township, in the parish of Millom, union of Bootle, Allerdale ward above Derwent, W. division of Cumberland, 7^ miles (E. by N.) from Ravenglass ; containing 105 inhabitants. It is within the limits of the chapelry of Eskdale, in the B I R L B I R M adj:oining parish of St. Bees, and the inhabitants marry and bury there. The neighbourhood abounds with pic- turesque scenery, heightened and diversified by the lake Devock-water, and the waterfalls of Birker Force and Stanley Gill. BTRKIN; (/St. Mary)» a parish, in the; Lower divi- sion of the wapentake of Barkstonb;- A:sh, W. riding of York 3 comprising the townships of Birkin,^ West Haddlesey, Ghapel Haddlesey, Temple-Hurst, and Hurst- Courtney ; and containing 921 inhabitants, of whom 169 are in the township of Birkin, 4 miles (N. E. by E.) from Ferry-Bridge. The parish, which is- intersected by the Selby canal, and bounded on the south by the river Aire, is 9 miles long, and comprises 5890 acres, of which about 3355 are arable, 2000 pasture, and 45 woodland 3 the soil varies in quality, part being light and adapted to the growth of barley and turnips, and part being of a stronger nature, and well suited for wheat and beans. The surface is varied, the scenery pleasingly diversified, and the air salubrious. The living is: a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £36 3 net income, £1608 3 patron^ Rev. Thomas Hill. The church, erected in the 12th century, is a very curious and perfect specimen of Norman architecture, and contains a fine chancel of that style, which is particularly worthy of notice : there is an inscription by Whitehead, the poet laureate, commemorating Elizabeth Wright, wife of a former rector : and the building also comprises a monu- ment to the memory of the Rev. Robert Thornton, who, during the elevation of Cromwell, was ejected from the rectory, and after having been plundered, was tied to a horse’s tail, and dragged to Cawood Castle : he was re- instated at the Restoration. A chapel of ease was erec- ted, in 1836, by voluntary subscription, at Chapel Had- dlesey, upon the site of one which, being very dilapidated and insufficient for the accommodation of the parish- ioners, was pulled down 3 and the Wesleyans have small places of worship at Chapel Haddle^sey and Temple - Hurst. An ancient preceptory of the Knights Templars in the latter township has been converted into a farm- house. BIRKSCEUGH.— See Brisco. BIRLEY (St. Peter)., a parish, in the union of Weobly, hundred of Stretford, county of Here- ford, 4 miles (E. by N.) from Weobly 3 containing 172 inhabitants. The parish comprises by measurement 934 acres, of which the surface is rather fiat, and the soil principally clay, but in some places inclining to gravel. On the west it is bounded by the road from Hereford to Fembridge. The living is a discharged vicarage, con- solidated with that of King’s Pion (which see), and valued in the king’s books at £5. 9. 7. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £60. 13., and the vicarial for one of £134 : there are 12 acres of glebe in this parish, and 2 in that of BurghilL BIRLING (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Malling, hundred of Larkppeld, lathe of Aylespord, W. division of Kent, 2 miles (N.) from Town Mailing 3 containing 51 1 inhabitants, and comprising 1883 a. 2r. 35p. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books^ at £ 6 ^ 9. 4|.3 patron and impropriator, Earl of Aber- gavenny. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £ 118 . 9. ll-r a^nd the vicarial for £170 3 and there are 8 acres of glebe. Foundations of buildings have been discovered in a field near the church. 246 BIRLING, a township,, in the parish of Wark- woRTH, union of Alnwick, E. division of Coquetdalb ward, N. division of Northum berland, 6^ miles (S. E.). from Alnwick 3 containing 80 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Warkworth to Lesbury, andt is the property of the Duke of Northumberland : the river Coquet flows on the south. The tithes have been, com- muted for rent-charges, amounting to £127. 15. 2., of which £95. 8; 2., are payable to the Bishop of Carlisle, and £3 2. 7. to the vicar of the parish. BIRLINGHAM (St.Jaiies), a parish, in the union, and Upper division of the hundred, of Pershore, Per- shore and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, 3 miles (S. S. W.) from Pershore 3 containing 390 inhabit- ants. The parish, is surrounded on all sides,, except the west and a portion of the norths by a bend of the navi- gable river Avon, and comprises 1274a. 2r. 22p„ of which 700 acres are pasture, 470 arable,, and 13 wood- land : the surface is moderately undulated,, and the soil highly fertile. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 9 . 17.. 11. 3. net income, £205 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. Robert Eyres Landor.. A school is partly supported by the rector. Eight, almshouses were erected in 1825, by T. Cheinell Porter, Esq. BIRMINGHAM, a cele- brated manufacturing tbwn and a borough, locally in the Birmingham division of the hundred of Hemling- FORD, N. division of the county of Warwick, 18 miles (N. W. by W.) from Coventry, 20 (N. W.) from Warwick, and 109 (N. W.) from London, on the road to Holyhead 3 containing in the parish 138,215, and with the parish of Edgbaston and the hamlets of Bordesley,. Deritend, and Duddeston with Nechels (which, though in the parish of Aston, form parts of the town, and. are included within the borough), 182,922 inhabitants. The name of this town has been traced by its local antiquary,, the late Mr. Hamper, through no less than 140 variations, and its^ etymology is involved in great uncertainty : Dugdale, from its Saxon termination, deduces it from its first Saxon lord 3 but others assign, to it an origin of much higher antiquity, inferring that,, with more probability, its first Saxon proprietor took his name from that of the town^ which they suppose to have been originally ^'Bromwych,” from the quantity of broom formerly growing in the neighbourhood, from which circumstance also are derived the. names of two villages in the immediate vicinit)^ called respectively Castle Bromwich and West Bromwich. In proof of its high antiquity, and also of its having been distin- guished for the manufacture of arms and warlike in- struments prior to the Roman invasion, may be ad- duced the great number of exhausted coaLmines on a common of large extent, called Wednesbury Old Field, within a short distance of the town, and the prodigious, accumulation, of scoria produced by the smelting of iron, at Aston furnace, on the border of the parish.. Both of these it is concluded must have been the work of many centuries 3 as in the latter, though continually receiving additions, no perceptible increase has been ob- Arms. B I R M B I R M served within the memory of the oldest inhabitant. From its situation near the Ikeneld-street^ the town is sup- posed to harV’^e been the Rremenium of the Romans. Buring the time of the Saxons, it appears to have been governed by two constables, and to have obtained the grant of a weekly market on Thursday, long before the period of the Norman Conquest. In the Conqueror’s survey it is noticed under the name Bermengeham 5 ” and, from the reign of Henry I. till that of Henry VIH., the manor and lordship were held by a distinguished family, from whom, according to Camden, ^^the noble and warlike family of the Bremichams, Earls of Louth, in Ireland,’^’ who had been instrumental in assisting Strongbow, Earl of Pembroke, in the conquest of that country, had both their original and name.” Of this family were William de Bermingham, who attended Edward I. into Gascony, where he was made prisoner at the siege of Bellegarde in 1^97^ and his descendant William, who in 1327 was summoned to parliament by the title of William, Lord Birmingham, in the 1 st of Edward HI. The lordship continued in the possession of that family till the 37th of Henry YIII., when by the artifices of John Dudley, afterwards Duke of Northum- berland, who at that time held the castle of Dudley, and was ambitious of adding to it the manor of Birming- ham, which he had no hope of purchasing, it was wrested from Edward de Birnaingham, whom that un- principled nobleman had, by a fictitious charge of felony, supported by perjured hirelings, reduced to the necessity of ransoming his life by the sacrifice of his estate. On the attainder and execution of the duke, in the reign of Mary, the manor escheated to the crown 5 and, in 1643, a descendant of the family, through the female line, named Humble Ward, was raised to the peerage by the title of Baron Ward .of Birmingham, which title was -subsequent!^ absorbed in the superior dignities of Viscount Dudley and Ward, and Earl of Dudley. Of the ancient manor-house, the only memorial is preserved in the name of the site, at present occupied by the Smithfield market, and which for many years has re- tained the appellation of the Moat,” from the intrench- ment by which the mansion was surrounded 3 and there are, in St. Martin’s church, the recumbent effigies of a crusader and an ecclesiastic, both members of the Ber- mingham family. Few events of importance occur in the history of the place prior to the commencement of the civil war of the 17 th century, when the inhabitants, with those of Co- ventry and Warwick, embraced the cause of the parlia- ment, and, in 1642, after the king had passed through the town on his route from Shrewsbury, immediately before the battle of Edge-Hill, seized the royal carriages and plate, which they sent to Warwick Castle. In the following year. Prince Rupert, whom the king had de- spatched with a detachment of 2000 of the royal army, -to open a communication between Oxford and York, was, on his arrival at Birmingham, intercepted in his progress by a company of foot belonging to the parlra- mentarians, who, reinforced by a troop of horse from Lichfield, and assisted by the inhabitants, having throwm up some works on the summit of Bordesley, since called -Camp-bill, on the line of approach from the Oxford .road, and having blocked up all the smaller avenues, fired upon the prince’s army, and obstinately opposed Jts entrance into the town. A sharp conflict ensued, 247 which was of longer duration than coiild have been expected from the great disparity of the numbers 5 the parliamentarians were driven from their station, and the prince, after much difficulty, obtained an entrance by another avenue. A second attempt to obstruct his progress was made by the inhabitants, who were ani- mated in their resistance by a clergyman wffio acted as governor, and who, being taken prisoner during the action, and refusing to accept quarter, was, after the battle, put to death at the Red Lion inn 5 and the prince, exasperated by the determined resistance of the inhabit- ants and the death of the Earl of Denbigh, whn had been shot by an officer in the service of the parliament, set fire to the town 5 which, however, after several houses had been burnt, was saved from further devastation by the payment of a heavy fine. In 1791 occurred the memorable riots, which originated in the meeting of about eighty persons on Thursday, the 14th of July, 4 o celebrate the anniversary of the French Revolution by a dinner, at the Royal Hotel ; and on the 1 5th of July, 1839^ another riot took place, occasioned by the Chart- ists, who committed numerous and serious outrages. The most prominent and interesting features in 4he history of Birmingham are, the extraordinary increase of the town, the progressive improvements of its manu- factures, and the wide extension of its trade and com- merce. For these advantages it is indebted to the rich mines of iron- stone and coal with which the ^northern and western districts of the neighbourhood abound, and to the numerous canals and railways by which it is connected with every part of the kingdom ; carrying on through these chanuels not only an immense trade with every town of importance in the kingdom, but also exporting its manufactures and its merchandise to every quarter of the civilized world, and receiving, in return, the produce of every country. In the reign of Henry VIIL, Leland describes Birmingham as inhabited '* by the different purchasers to whom it had been sold in lots by public auction 3 its site now called Blackheath Park, is occupied by handsome villas. There are two episcopal chapels on that part of the heath in the parish of Lewisham, which are noticed in the article on that place. Another at Kidbrook, an extra-parochial district, on the north side of the heath, was built by Dr. Greenlaw 3 and on the declivity of the hill, opposite Kent-place, is the church of the Holy Trinity, in the early English style, with two towers, surmounted by spires, at its east end. St. Peter’s church, in Blackheath Park, is an elegant structure of stone, of decorated and later English architecture, with a slender pinnacle tower, above which rises a beautiful spire 3 it forms a con- spicuous and interesting object in the surrounding land- scape, and was erected in 1829^ by John Cator, Esq., at an expense of £15,000, The free grammar school, for 31 boys of Lewis- ham and the adjoining parishes, and for the sons of all the clergy in the hundred of Blackheath, was founded by the Rev. Abraham Colfe, vicar of Lewisham, who erected the premises in 1652, and at his death, in 1656* bequeathed the greater part of his estate in land, and £1 100 in money, in trust to the Leather- sellers’ Company, for its endowment, and for other charitable uses : the income is £342. Blackheath proprietary school, in con- nexion with King’s College, London, is a neat building, situated on the rise of the hill near Blackheath Park 3 and in Lee Park is a handsome building, after the model of the Propylaeum at Athens, erected as a proprietary school for classical and general literature. Morden College, a noble institution for the support of decayed merchants in the decline of life, was founded by Sir John Morden, Bart., an opulent Turkey merchant, in 1695, who en- dowed it with the manor of Old Court : the establishment consists of 40 brethren, (each of whom receives £60 per annum, with attendance,) a chaplain, and a trea- surer 3 and the management is vested in seven trus- tees, who must be either Turkey merchants, or directors of the East India Company., The premises, which occupy a spacious quadrangle, are handsomely built of brick, with quoins and cornices of stone, and are surrounded with a piazza : over the entrance are statues of the founder and his lady, whose portraits are in the hall 3 and in the chapel are the arms of Sir John, who w^as 262 interred there in 17O8. The Watling-street, or Roman road from London to Dovor, which passed over the heath, may still be traced : in I7IO, several Roman urns were dug up, two of which were of fine red clay, one of a spherical, and the other of a cylindrical, form 3 and in 1803, several urns were discovered in the gardens of the Earl of Dartmouth, about a foot below the surface of the ground, which were presented by his lordship to the British Museum. BLACRLAND (St, Peter), a parish, in the union, parliamentary borough, and hundred of Cai^ne, Chip- penham and Caine, and N. divisions of Wilts, if mile (S. E.) from Caine 3 containing 81 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £3. 10. 10. 3 net income, £160 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. James Mayo. Allotments of land were assigned in 1813 in lieu of certain tithes. BLACKLEY, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Manchester, hundred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 3^ miles (N. N. E.) from Man- chester 3 containing 3202 inhabitants, many of whom are employed in weaving, printing, bleaching, and dyeing cotton. The parish is situated on the road from Halifax to York^ and near the Leeds and Manchester railway, which passes within a mile of the village. The living is a perpetual curacy, with a net income of £167, ^ind in the gift of the Dean and Canons of the Collegiate Church of Manchester, to whom an allotment has been made of 4«. per acre on the land in the chapelry, in lieu of tithes : a parsonage-house has recently been erected. The chapel, dedicated to St. Peter, was, previously to the Reformation, a domestic chapel belonging to Black- ley Hall, and after a period of disuse, was purchased by the inhabitants, in 16 10. There are places of worship for Wesley ans and Socinians. A school has an endow- ment of £5 per annum 3 and in 1838, Miss Alsop, of Titchford Hall, founded another, and endowed it with £60 per annum. BLACKMANSTONE, a parish, in the union and liberty of Romney-Marsh, though locally in the hun- dred of Worth, lathe of Shepway, E. division of Kent, Smiles (N. by E.) from New Romney 3 containing 10 inhabitants. It comprises 27d acres of pasture, and 12 of arable land, the latter being the glebe. The li ving is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4 3 net in- come, £36 3 patron. Archbishop of Canterbury. The church is in ruins. BLACKMORE (St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union of Ongar, hundred of Chelmsford, S. division of Essex, 3^ miles (N. W, by W.) from Ingatestone 3 con- taining 709 iohabitants. The parish comprises by com- putation 2400 acres, of which about 100 are woodland, 800 pasture, and the rest arable 3 and derives its name from the dark colour of the soil, which is generally a rich wet loam and moderately fertile. The living is a perpetual curacy, valued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 4. 3 net income, £83 3 patrons and impropriators. Represen- tatives of the late C. A. Crickett, Esq. The church was the conventual church of a priory of Black canons, founded here by Adam and Jordan de Samford, and which was dissolved in the 17th of Henry VIII., when the revenue, amounting to £85. 9. 7; was applied by Car- dinal Wolsey towards the endowment of his two colleges at Oxford and Ipswich, and on his attainder, in 1529, was appropriated to the crown. A school is partly B L A C B L A C suppoifted by subsoriptiom. Blackmore was the fre- quent residence: of Henry VIII., whose natural son, Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Somerset, was born here. BLACKMORE, a ty thing, in the parish, union, and hundred of Melksham, Melksham and N. diyisions of Wilts j containing^ 2 inhabitants. BLACKPOOL, a chapelry and bathing- plaeej, in the township of La.yton and Warbrick, parish of Bisp- 3SEAM, union of the Fylde, hundred of Amounderness, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 4 miles (S.W. by W.) from Poulton, and 25 (S. W. by W.) from Lan- caster ; containing 1304 inhabitants^ This place, which acquired its name from- a boggy pool at the southern, end of the village, was, until within the last 90- years, an. inconsiderable hamlet 5 but, owing to its eligibility for bathing, it is now frequented every summer by nume- rous visiters, for whose accommodation hotels and- lodging-houses have been erected. The beach slopes* gently from the site of the houses 5 the sands are smooth and firm j. and the air is highly salubrious. The parade forms an agreeable promenade, from which there is an extensive view of the fells in Westmorland and Cumber- land, and the mountains in North Wales. A news-room and library have been established-,, a theatre erected, and assemblies are occasionally held at the different hotels. The sea appears toi have encroached, considerably on the: shore j a large stone, called Penny-stone, lyipg on the> sands about half , a mile from; the shore, is. statedi by tradition to mark the site on which a. public- house for- merly stood. The living isi a, perpetual curacy, in the patronage of certain Trustees 5 net income, £ 130. The chapel was built in 1821, at an expense of £1150. A. free school, established in 1817, is conducted on Dr., BHl’s plan., BLACKROD> a chapelry, in the parish of Bolton, union of Wigan, hundred of Salford, S', division of the county of Lancaster, If miles (S. S. E.): from. Chorley 5 containing 2615 inhabitants. This is the site of a Roman station, named Coccium by Antonine, and Rigodunum by Ptolemy, which was situated on the Wat- ling- street. The spinning of cotton, and the printing of calico, are carried on^ and the trade is facilitated by a branch of the Lancaster canal, which crosses the. chapelry. A fair for toys and pedlery is held on the first Thursday after July 12, th. The living is a perpetual curacy; net income, £100 ; patron. Vicar of Gireat Bol- ton. A rent- charge: of £98 has been awarded as a com- mutation for the. tithes payable: to, the Bishop of Chester. The chapel is dedicated: to St. Catharine. There; js.au place of worship for Wesleyans. A free grammar school;, under the. superintendence of trustees, is en- dowed with about £140 per annum*, being; the produce of various benefactions, John Holmes, in the year 1568, founded an exhibition at Pembroke CoUege,^ Cami- bridge, for a scholar on this foundation; the fund hav- ing accumulated, three exhibitioners are now appointedy receiving respectively £60, £70, and £80 per annumv for four years. BLACKTHORN, a chapelry, in the parish of Am- RROSDEN, union of Bicester, hundred, ©f BwllingtoN;^ county of OxFO^kD, 3. miles (S. E. by EO from Bicester ; containing 380; inhabitants. The chapel is in ruinsv The. Roman AkemanrStree.t enters the county here;, and; pro-? ceeds over Blackthorn HiR,. in its course through the parish. The custom of running at. the quintal, or quin- 263 tain, the origin and. practice of which are attributed to; the Romans, was anciently observed on the occasion of ^ wedding in the chapelry. BLACKTOFT, a parish, in the union, of Howden, wapentake of Howdenshire, E. riding of York ; com- prising the townships of Blacktoft and Scalby, in which latter is included the extra- parochial place of Cheap- sides ; and containing 552 inhabitants, of whom 333 are in the township of Blacktoft, 8 miles (E. S. E.) from Howden. The parish consists by computation of 2241 acres ;; the surface is level ; the soil, which ,has> been latterly much improved by warping, is now well drained; and the views are very fine, and include the adjacent hills of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire.. The village is situated on the northern bank of the Ouse, one mile above its confluence with the Trent, and occasionally many vessels ride opposite to it,, its roads affording the best, anchorage between Hull and Selby ; and the steam- paCkets from those places pass daily. The river is very broad in this part, and leaves at low water an extensive bed of sand, which is used for the ballasting of small craft. The Hull and Selby railway crosses the parish near Scalby, about three miles distant. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of Durham, who are the appropriators, and has a net in- come of £198, by augmentation from* the patrons,, with; a new arid convenient parsonage-house. The church is a neat substantial edifice; built in 1841, chiefly by sub- scription of the landowners^ the Incorporated Society granting £150, for which 132 additional sittings, all feee, were obtained. BLACK TORRINGTON. — SeeToRRiNGTON,BLACK.> BLACKWALL, a hamlet, in the parish of Stepney, borough of Tower Hamlets, union of Poplar, Tower division of the hundred of Gssulstone, county of Middlesex, 2^ miles (E.) from Cornhill, London. This; place, which is situated near the influx of the river Lea into the Thames, consists chiefly of a few irregularly- formed streets, which are paved and lighted with gas : the houses, many of which are of wood, and of mean appearance, are inhabited chiefly by shipwrights, and persons employed in the docks ; they are supplied with water by the East London Company. It has long been noted for a very large private yard for ship-building, and a wet dock, once belonging to Mr. Perry ; the former of . which was purchased* by Sir Robert Wigram, Bart., and is still appliied to the skme use ; and. the latter by the East India Dock Company, for the formation of them docks, which were cornmeneed im 1804, and com- pleted in 1806. These docks, situated at the eastern extremity of the hamlet, and surrounded^ by a lofty wall, consist of an outer and an inner dock, communicating by locks and flood-gates ; the entrance from the river is by a basin, nearly three acres in extent, from which vessels sail directly into the docks. The inner, or import dock,, which is 1410 feet in length, 560 in breadth, and of aai average depth of 30 feet, occupies! an area ofi eighteen acres, and,, on tfie arrival of the fleets; affords accomnnodation for sixteen ships . of the larger, knd a , proportionlate number of the smialler, class to unload their cargoes : the outer, or export dock, is 76O feet; long, and 463 wide, and of the" same depth as the inner dock. At Blackwall reach; adjoining the hamlet, are the West India docks; similarly constructed, but upon a more extensive scale.. These; consist 6f two B L A C B L A E spacious docks parallel with each other, and of equal dimensions, being nearly half a mile in length, excavated in a direction crossing the isthmus of the Isle of Dogs, and having an entrance basin of large extent at each extremity, by which vessels sailing in either direction may avoid the circuitous bend of the river. In 1836, an act was obtained for making a railway from Fenchurch- street, London, to Black wall, with branches to the East and West India Docks ; and this work, which was begun with a capital of £600,000, afterwards augmented to £800,000, was opened to the public 4th July, 1840 : it is worked by a pair of marine condensing engines placed at each end of the line. The station is on a very ex- tensive scale, and the offices fronting the Brunswick wharf have a very imposing effect from the river. BLACKWATER, a large village, in the parish of Yately, hundred of Crondall, Odiham and N. divi- sions of the county of Southampton, 15 miles (E. N. E.) from Basingstoke. It occupies a low situation on the great western road, at the point of junction of the three counties of Southampton, Surrey, and Berks, on the western bank of the river Blackwater, which is .here crossed by a bridge : on the northern side of the road is a range of handsome buildings, appropriated as resi- dences for the masters of the adjoining college of Sand- hurst. A fair for cattle and sheep is held on Sept. 8th. There are places of worship for Particular Baptists. BLACKWELL, or BLACKBALL, HIGH, a town- ship, in the parish of St. Cuthbert, Carlisle, union of Carlisle, Cumberland ward, E. division of Cum- berland, 2^ miles (S.) from Carlisle; containing 315 inhabitants. The manor was given by Margaret de Wigton, heiress of Sir John de Wigton, to Sir Robert Parvinge, serjeant-at-law, and afterwards lord high chancellor, in the reign of Edward III., for successfully conducting her cause against Sir Robert de Bridekirk, who had impugned her title to the barony of Wigton. Thomas Lowrey, Esq., in 1779, bequeathed £200, direct- ing that one-half of the interest should be given to a master for teaching children, seven of whom are taught under the endowment, and the remainder is given to poor widows ; another, a school of industry,” contain- ing 45 girls, is supported by subscription. In 1798, Grace Graham gave £100 to a school at Durdar, in the township. BLACKWELL, or BLACKBALL, LOW, a town- ship, in the parish of St. Cuthbert, Carlisle, Cum- berland ward, union of Carlisle, E. division of the county of Cumberland, 2 miles (S.) from the city of Carlisle; containing 181 inhabitants. BLACKWELL, a township, in the parish of Bake- well, hundred of High Peak, N. division of the county of Derby, miles (S. W.) from Tideswell ; containing 68 inhabitants. BLACKWELL {St, Werburgh), a parish, in the union of Mansfield, hundred of Scarsdale, N. divi- sion of the county of Derby, 3j miles (N. E. by E.) from Alfreton ; containing 477 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 1675 acres, and abounds in coal, which is close to the surface ; two mines are at present worked, affording employment to a part of the population, and about 50 persons are engaged in the stocking manu- facture. Stone is quarried for road-making. TPMiving is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s I oks at £5. 4. 2. ; patron and impropriator, Duke of Devonshire, 264 whose tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £ 170 , and the vicarial for one of £101 : the glebe con- sists of an acre and a half. The church was rebuilt in 1824 ; its site is a bed of coal, which, a short distance from it, has a peculiar appearance. Jutting out four or five yards above the turnpike-road : the churchyard contains one of the oldest yew-trees in England. There is a place of worship for dissenters. BLACKWELL, a township, in the parish and union of Darlington, S. E. division of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Durham, I;! mile (S. W. by S.) from Darlington ; containing 299 inhabitants. A stone bridge of three arches has been erected over the river Tees, which is navigable here ; and a railway from Croft bridge to Darlington passes in the vicinity. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans. At the Grange, in the township, then the property and residence of George Allan, Esq., was formerly an extensive col- lection of books, manuscripts, paintings, natural and artificial curiosities, and British birds stuffed, formed at a considerable expense by that gentleman, who had also a press, with which he printed several works, some of them very scarce : this ingenious topographer, an- tiquary, and virtuoso, the early part of whose life was spent in the profession of the law, died of paralysis. May 18th, 1800; and his museum of birds, &c., was purchased, several years after his decease, by the Natural History Society of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. BLACKWELL, a hamlet, in the parish of Treding- TON, union of Tew^kesbury, Upper division of the hundred of Oswaldslow, Blockley and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, 2| miles (N. N. W.) from Shipton-upon-Stour ; containing 204 inhabitants. BLACKWOOD, with Croborough, a township, in the parish of Horton, union of Leek, N. division of the hundred of Totmonslow and of the county of Stafford, 4 miles (W.) from Leek; containing 526 in- habitants. BLACON, with Crab-w^all, a township, in the parish of Holy Trinity, Chester, union of Great Bough- ton, Higher division of the hundred of Wirrall, S. division of the county of Chester, 2 miles (W. N. W.) from Chester; containing 6l inhabitants. The Ellesmere canal passes in the vicinity. BLADON {St. Martin), a parish, in the union of Woodstock, hundred of Wootton, county of Oxford, 2 miles (S.) from Woodstock; containing, with the hamlet of Hensington, 687 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, with the chapelry of New Woodstock annexed, valued in the king’s books at £16. 0. 5. ; net income, £329 j patron, Duke of Marlborough. The church was built, at the expense of the late duke, in 1804, when the former, a fine ancient edifice, was taken down. A for- tification, supposed to be of Saxon origin, is said to have existed here ; and some records of a battle fought at this place are extant, of which the particulars are not detailed. BLAENAU. — See Aberystwith. BLAENAVON, a parochial chapelry, chiefly in the parish of Llanover, division and hundred of Aberga- venny, county of Monmouth, 5 miles (S. W.) from Abergavenny. The village, which has of late assumed the appearance of a thriving town, is situated in a .mountainous district, near the source of the Avon Lloyd, whence it derives its name ; many of the houses are BLAG B L A K excavated in the solid rock. The neighbourhood abounds with iron-ore, coal, and limestone ; and iron-works on an extensive scale, belonging to the Blaenavpn Company, were completed in 1789, since which they have been progressively increasing : the greater portion of the pig-iron is conveyed by means of a canal and a tram- road to Newport, whence it is exported j and another portion, together with iron, coal, and limestone, is sent to Llanfoist, for supplying Abergavenny, Hereford, &c., on the same conveyance, round the Blorange mountain and down its declivities, by means of an inclined plane. A customary market is held on Saturday. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £114; patrons, the Blaenavon Company. There are two places of worship for Baptists ; and for Presbyterians, and Calvinistic, Primitive, and Wesleyan, Methodists, one each. Near the iron-works stands a spacious free school, on the national plan, endowed, in 1816, by Mrs. Sarah Hopkins. BLAGDON, a tything, in the parish of Cranborne, union of Wimborne and Cranborne, hundred of Monckton-up-Wimborne, Wimborne division of Dorset ; containing 36 inhabitants. BLAGDON, a township, in the parish of Stan- NiNGTON, union and W. division of Castle ward, S. division of Northumberland, 6f miles (S.) from Morpeth. This place, which lies on the south side of the Blyth, was formerly called Blakedene, and was part of the ancient barony of Morpeth : the family of Plessey had some interest in the soil in the 13th century, the Hiltons and Widdringtons were also among the pro- prietors of land here, and the family of Fenwick flourished on the spot for three centuries, the 15th, l6th, and 17th; it is now the property of Sir M. White Ridley, Bart., who resides at Blagdon Hall. The present mansion owes its origin to M. White, Esq., who died in 1749^ since which time valuable additions and improve- ments have been made ; it is a very extensive pile, and the main front, facing the south, has a sumptuous suite of rooms on the ground-floor, consisting of a salooiij dining and drawing-rooms, and library, in all 135 feet long. The Blakedene, bordered by forest-trees, runs behind the house, on the north. BLAGDON, a tything, in the parish of Pitminster, union of Taunton, hundred of Taunton and Taunton- Dean, W. division of Somerset, 5 miles (S. by W.) from Taunton. There is a place of worship for Wes- leyans. BLAGDON (St, Andrew) ^ a parish, in the union of. Axbridge, hundred of Winterstoke, E. division of Somerset, 8 miles (N. E. by E.) from Axbridge ; containing 1178 inhabitants* This is said to have been anciently a royal residence ; and some ruins at Reg-hill- bury are traditionally asserted to be the remains of the palace. The parish comprises an area of about 4000 acres, in good cultivation, and the. scenery is pleasingly .diversifled. The substrata are chiefly limestone, which is burnt for manure, and sandstone of good quality for building ; lapis calaminaris is also found. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £29. 13. 9. 5 net income, £430 ; patron, James George, Esq. The church, with the exception of the tower, which is of elegant -design, has been rebuilt within the last few years, by subscription, aided by a grant of £500 from the Incor- porated Society. There is a place of worship for Wes- leyans. Thomas Baynard;, in 1687, gave land, now VoL. I. — 265 producing an income of £17. 10., for the instruction of children. A school for girls, on the national plan, is supported by subscription. John Leman gave land for apprenticing children, which now yields £13 per annum, and there are other bequests for the benefit of the poor. Dr. John Langhorne, the poet and miscellaneous writer, and for some time rector of the parish, is interred in the churchyard ; a son of Isaac Casaubon was also rector, and the celebrated Toplady was for two years curate. BLAGRAVE, with Hadley, a tything, in the parish and hundred of Lambourn, union of Hungereord, county of Berks ; containing 446 inhabitants, of whom 204 are in Blagrave. The place comprises 3065a. 20r. 14p. BLAISDON (St. Michael), a parish, in the union and hundred of Westbury, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 9 miles (W.) from Gloucester ; con- taining 264 inhabitants. The village was considerably reduced by fire, in 1699, which event is recorded on a tablet in the church, stating that the damage was esti- mated at £4210. 18. 9. The living is a discharged rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 7. 3^., and in the patronage of Anna Gordon. BLAKEMERE (St. Leonard), a parish, in the union of Weobley, hundred of Webtree, county of Hereford, lOf miles (W. by N.) from Hereford; con- taining 183 inhabitants. On the south-west the parish, consisting of 898 acres, is bounded by very elevated ground. The living is a discharged vicarage, united to that of Preston-upon-Wye, and valued in the king’s books at £3. BLAKENEY, a chapelry, in the parish of Awre, union of Westbury, hundred of Bledisloe, W. divi- sion of the county of Gloucester, 15 miles (S. W. by W.) from Gloucester. The village is pleasantly situ- ated near the river Severn, which is here navigable. Fairs are held on the 12th of May and of November. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £232 ; patrons, the Haberdashers’ Company, London. The chapel is dedicated to All Saints. There is a place of worship for Baptists. BLAKENEY (St. Nicholas, St. Mary, and St. Thomas the Apostle,) a small sea-port, post-town, and parish, in the union of Walsingham, hundred of Holt, W. division of Norfolk, 26 miles (N. N. W.) from Norwich, and 134 (N. E.) from London ; containing 1021 inhabitants. This place was called Snitterley, in the time of Henry III., who granted it a market : it as- sumed its present name in the reign of Edward III., in the 31st of which a statute was passed for the regulation of the fish trade, which was then carried on to a large extent, and attracted a great number of German mer- chants, several of whom fixed their residence in the town. It is chiefly noted for its excellent harbour, which is well situated for sheltering vessels, and has been improved under an act obtained in I8I7 : the trade consists principally in coal, timber, and deals, hemp, iron, tar, tallow, oil-cakes, &c., of which the importation is considerable ; the exports are chiefly corn and flour. There is an ancient guildhall in the town, relative to which some old deeds are yet extant. The parish com- prises 106 la. lOp. ; the soil is chiefly of a sandy nature, but beds of chalk are found in various parts, and be- twe^^n the towns of Blakeney and Clay runs the rivei 2 M B L A K BLAN Glaven^ which, emptying itself into the sea, assists in forming the harbour. The living is a rectory, united to those of Little Langham, Glandford, and Cockthorpe, and valued in the king’s books at £26. 13. 4. ; patron. Lord Calthorpe. The tithes for Blakeney have been commuted for a rent- charge of £170, and an allotment of land was assigned in lieu of tithes in 1820 ; the glebe consists of 16 acres, and a good house. The church, which stands on an elevation a little to the south of the town, is a handsome and spacious structure, partly in the early, and partly in the later, English style, with a lofty embattled tower which serves as a land-mark to mariners. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans j and a school, conducted on the national system, is chiefly supported by Lord Calthorpe. There are some slight remains, consisting principally of several fine arches, of an ancient monastery for Carmelites, or White Friars, of which Sir William de Roos, Knt., and the Lady Maud his wife, were among the chief founders 3 it was established in 1295, and was dedicated to the honour of God, and the Virgin Mary.” In this monas- tery John de Baconthorpe, a learned divine and acute metaphysician, became a friar, and ultimately provincial of the English Carmelites 3 he was born here, and died in London, in 1346. ** BLAKENHALL, a township, in the parish of Wy- BUNBURY, union and hundred of Nantwich, S. division of the county of Chester, 5^ miles (S. E. by E.) from Nantwich 5 containing 257 inhabitants. A school is supported by Sir John Delves Broughton’s charity. BLAKENIJAM, GREAT, or Super Aquas (St, Mary), a parisl^ in the union and hundred of Bosmere and Claydon, E. division of Suffolk, 5 miles (N. N. W.) from Ipswich 3 containing 180 inhabitants. Walter Gifford, Earl of Buckingham, appropriated the manor, in the time of William II., to the abbey of Bee, in Nor- mandy, the society of which established a cell here, which being suppressed with other alien priories, the manor was given by Henry VI. to Eton College. The Stow-Market and Ipswich canal passes along the south- eastern side of the parish, which comprises 869a. Ir. Sp. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 16. 0|., and in the gift of the College : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £195, and there are upwards of eight acres of glebe. BLAKENHAM, LITTLE, or Super Montem (St, Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Bosmere and Claydon, E. division of Suffolk, 5 miles (N. W.) from Ipswich 3 containing 119 inhabitants, and com- prising 1046a. Ir. 9p» The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 3. 4.3 patron, Postle Jackson, Esq. The tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £244, and the glebe consists of 33 acres. BLAKESLEY (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Towcester, hundred of Greens-Norton, S. division of the county of Northampton, 4 miles (W. N. W.) from Towcester 3 containing 830 inhabitants. The pa- rish comprises 3834a. Ir. 3p., of which 2175a. Ir. Sp, are in the portion exclusively of the hamlet of Woodend 3 the soil varies from poor cold clay to warm red gravel and loam 5 the surface is gently undulated, and since the inclosure, about eighty years ago, nearly two-thirds of the land have been laid out in pasture. A branch of the Tow, which rises at Preston, runs through the parish for about two miles. Quarries of red sandstone are 266 worked for building, and limestone for mending roads. A statute fair is held on the first Friday after the 22nd of September. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9. 17. 5 net income, £176 3 patron, P. W. Wright, Esq. In 176O, land was assigned in lieu of tithes, and by the late act a remt- charge of £43. 7. is paid to the impropriator, and oiie of £41. 6. to the vicar ; there are ten acres of glebe. A free school was founded by William Foxley, in I669, and endowed with property now producing about £85 per annum 3 and a Sunday school is endowed with a bequest of £200 by Sir John Knightley, Bart. There are also other charities. Blakesley Hall was anciently a religious house, occupied by a fraternity of the order of St. John of Jerusalem 5 and among a number of productive farms, is one of 200 acres, once the property of Dryden, the celebrated poet. BLANCHLAND, otherwise Shotley PIigh-Quar- TER, a chapelry, in the parish of Shotley, union of Hexham, E. division of Tindale ward, S. division of Northumberland, 10 miles (S. by E.) from Hexham 3 containing 476 inhabitants. It is situated on the north side of the river Derwent, and is celebrated for its lead- mines, which have been extensively w'orked for a long period, and from which large quantities of ore are still raised : the proprietors have a smelting-furnace at Jef- fries’ -Rake, in the county of Durham. The village is in a narrow deep green vale, and is inclosed by heathy hills and morasses 3 the population is chiefly employed in the mines. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £1985 patrons and impropriators, Lord Crewe’s Trus- tees. The chapel was formed, in 1752, by the trustees of Bishop Crewe, out of the tower and two aisles of an abbey of Prsemonstratensian canons founded by Walter de Bolbec, in 1175, in honour Qf the Blessed Virgin, the abbot of which was elevated to the house of peers in the 23rd of Edward I. : the establishment, at the time of the Dissolution, consisted of an abbot and fourteen canons, and the revenue amounted to £44. 9. 1. After having passed through various hands, the estate was purchased by Bishop Crewe, who bequeathed it for cha- ritable purposes : besides that part converted into a chapel, the principal gateway and other portions of the conventual buildings are still visible. The trustees also founded two schools, now on the national plan. BLANDFORD (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Blandford, hundred of Coombs-Ditch, Blandford division of Dorset, f of a mile (S.) from Blandford- Forum 3 containing 407 inhabitants. The parish, situ- ated near the river Stour, and on the road from Bland- ford to Dorchester, comprises 1557 acres of arable and pasture land in nearly equal portions 3 the soil is gene- rally chalk. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £15. 17 . 8^., and in the patronage of Miss Burrough : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £300, and there are 40 acres of glebe. The church, with the exception of the tower, was rebuilt in 1711^ by Governor Pitt, ancestor of the Earl of Chatham and of Lord Camelford 3 it is in the Grecian style, and contains the remains of many of the Chatham family. A school was instituted, in 1827, by the Hon. and Rev. S. Best. Browne Willis, LL. D., the cele- brated antiquary, was born here. Sept. 14th, 1682. In 1833, about a quarter of a mile from Blandford Bridge, six skeletons were discovered 3 a single skeleton was also B L A N B L A N found a short distance from the others, and a variety of Roman coins, a Greek coin, a bronze figure of our Saviour, and a glass vessel, two inches in length, evi- dently formed in a mould, and impressed with two gro- tesque heads. BLANDFORD-FORUM (St, Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in the union of Blandford, comprising the borough and market-town of Blandford-Forum, which has a separate jurisdiction, and the township of Pim- perne, which is in the hun- dred of PiMPERNE, Bland- ford division of Dorset, 16 miles (N. E.) from Dorches- ter, and 104 (S. W.) from London ; containing 3349 inhabitants. This place derived its name from its situation near an ancient ford on the river Stour, called by the Romans Trajectus Bala- niensis. It was nearly destroyed by an accidental fire, in 1579, but was soon afterwards rebuilt. During the civil war in the reign of Charles I., it suffered severely for its loyalty to that monarch 3 and in 1 644 it was plundered by the parliamentarian forces under Major Sydenham, and, not being fortified, became an easy prey to the contending parties, by each of whom it was fre- quently assailed and alternately possessed. In 1677, and in 1713, it again suffered greatly from fire, and, in 1731, was, with the exception of forty houses only, con- sumed by a conflagration, which destroyed also the ham- lets of Blandford-St. Mary and Bryanston, in which only three dwellings were left. After this calamity, which is recorded on a marble tablet over a pump near the church, it was rebuilt, by act of parliament, in 173^. The TOWN is pleasantly situated on the road from Lon- don to Exeter, within a curve of the river Stour, over which is a bridge ; the streets are regularly formed and well paved, the houses modern and uniformly built of brick, and the inhabitants amply supplied with water. The theatre, a neat and commodious building, is opened occasionally 5 and the races, which have been established for more than a century, are annually held, in August, on a down near the town, the course being one of the best in the kingdom. The manufacture of lace of a very fine quality, equal, if not superior, to that made in Flan- ders, and valued at £30 per yard, formerly flourished here : the making of shirt-buttons, for which Blandford has long been noted, and which formerly afforded em- ployment to a very considerable number of females in the town and the adjacent villages, is now almost dis- continued. The market is on Saturday ; the fairs, chiefly for horses, horned- cattle, sheep, and cheese, are held on March 7th, July 10th, and Nov. 8th, to each of which a court of pie-poudre is attached. Blandford is a borough by prescription, and is parcel of the duchy of Lancaster, the arms of which are borne on the corpora- tion seal 5 it has also a charter, granted by King James I., who, by separate letters-patent, gave the manor and vill to the bailiff and burgesses. By the act of the 5th and 6th of William IV., cap. 76, the corporation now consists of a mayor, four aldermen, and twelve council- lors 3 and the mayor and late mayor are justices of the peace. A court leet is held 3 and the county magistrates 267 hold petty- sessions here for the division. The town- hall is a neat edifice of Portland stone, supported on pillars, with an entablature. The burgesses exercised the elective franchise from the 23rd of Edward I. till the 22nd of Edward III., when it was discontinued. The LIVING is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £12. 8. 1^. 3 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Winchester. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £152. 10., and the vica- rial for one of £112. 10. 5 and there are nearly 13 acres of glebe, belonging to the appropriators. The church is a handsome modern edifice, in the Grecian style, with a tower surmounted by a cupola, and ornamented with a balustrade and urns. There are places of worship for In- dependents and Wesleyans. The free school, to the north- west of the church, is of uncertain foundation : it has a small endowment. The Blue-coat school, for the cloth- ing and instruction of twelve boys, and apprenticing three of them, was founded by Archbishop Wake, who, in 1728, bequeathed £1000 for these purposes : this sum was expended in purchasing New South Sea an- nuities, and, by repeated additions, the total amount now standing to the account of the trust is £1716. 5. 5., yielding a dividend of £51. 9. 8. There is a small sum for the instruction of four boys,’ arising, from a benefaction of William Williams, in 1621, who left £3000, to be laid out in land, now producing £465 per annum, for instruction and other charitable pur- poses. There are also a British school, two national schools, and several infants’ schools. In 1685, alms- houses for ten aged persons were founded and endowed by George Ryves, Esq. 3 the entire annual income is about £260. In the churchyard are others, sup- ported by property bequeathed by Sir Edward Uve- dale, and occupied by five poor women. The union of Blandford comprises thirty- three parishes or places, and contains a population of 13,856. On a hill to the north of the town was formerly an intrench ment, inclosing an area, 300 paces in length, and 200 in breadth, which has long been under cultivation, and the only relic now visible is an adjoining barrow. Sir Thomas Ryves, LL.D., a learned antiquary and civilian 5 the Rev. Bruno Ryves, D.D., publisher of the Mercurius Rusticiis, an early news- paper in the time of the parliamentary war, and one of the writers of the Polyglot Bible, who was born in 1596 3 the Rev. Thomas Creech, M.A., translator of Lucretius, born in 1659 ; William Wake, Archbishop of Canter- bury, born in 1657 5 Edward Wake, uncle to that prelate, and founder of the institution for the Sons of the Clergy 3 Dr. Lindsey, Archbishop of Armagh 3 Dr. Samuel Lisle, Bishop of Norwich 3 and the Rev. Christopher Pitt, translator of Virgil’s ^Eneid, who died in 1748, and was buried in the church 3 were natives of the parish. Blandford gives the inferior title of Marquess to the Duke of Marlborough. BLANKNEY, or Blackney (St. Oswald), a pa- rish, in the union of Sleaford, Second division of the wapentake of Langoe, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 10 miles (N.) from Sleaford 3 containing, with the hamlet of Linwood, 640 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 5000 acres, chiefly arable land. The liv- ing is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £16. 10. 7^. 5 net income, £752 3 patron, C. Chaplin, Esq. A national school, established in 1 832, is partly supported by Charles Chaplin, Esq,, and the Rev. Edward Chaplin, 2 M 2 Corporation Seal. B L A T B L A Y by the former of whom the school was built. On Blank- ney heath are the remains of a British camp of about eighty yards in diameter, with a fosse 5 the site has been recently planted by Mr. Chaplin. BL ASTON (»St. Michael), a chapelry, in the parish of Hallaton, union of Uppingham, hundred of Gar- TREte, S. division of the county of Leicester, 7 miles (N. E.) from Market- Harborough •, containing, with Blas- *ton-St. Giles, 102 inhabitants. The chapel is a small plain building. Another chapel, called the Nether cha- pel, dedicated to St. Giles, was founded by Richard I., to whom the manor belonged, and rebuilt about 17IO. It is a donative belonging to the lord of the manor j net income, £222 j patron. Rev. G. O. Fenwick. The tithes of Blaston-St. Michael’s, payable to the minister, have been commuted for a rent-charge of £74 ; and 4:here is a glebe of 7 acres. A school is partly supported by subscription. BLATCHINGTON, or BLETCHINGTON, EAST (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Newhaven, hundred of Flexborough, rape of Pevensey, E. divi- sion of Sussex, of a mile (N.) from Seaford^ contain- ing 163 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 700 acres, of which 405 are arable, and 295 pasture ; and is bounded on the south by the English Channel, and in- tersected by the road from Newhaven to Seaford. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books ut £14 5 net income, £88 3 patron, John King, Esq. The church is a neat edifice in the early English style. BLATCHINGTON, WEST (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Steyning, hundred of Whalesbone, rape of Lewes, E. division of Sussex, 1^ mile (N. W, by W.) from Brighton 5 containing 64 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, consolidated with the vicarage of Brighton, and valued in the king’s books at £6. 4. 4-|. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £200 : the church is in ruins. On an elevated Spot, commanding an extensive range of the coast, were discovered, in 1818, the site and some vestiges of a Roman villa. BLATCHIN WORTH, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Rochdale, hundred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 3 miles (N. E.) from Roch- dale 5 containing, with Calderbrook, 4456 inhabitants. The manufacture of flannel and the printing of calico prevail extensively in the chapelry, which also abounds with coal- works. BLATHERWYCKE (Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Oundle, hundred of Corby, N. division of the county of Northampton, 8 miles (W. S. W.) from Wansford, 8 miles (E. N. E.) from Rockingham 5 con- taining 236 inhabitants, including a portion of Rocking- ham Forest, said to be extra-parochial. This parish, which is intersected by the road from Kettering to Stamford, comprises 2105a. 2r. S9p. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14. 13. S. } net income, £394 ; patron, A. Stafford O’Brien, Esq. : the glebe consists of about 400 acres, with a house. Bla- therwycke anciently included two parishes, united in 1448, since which one of the churches, dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene, has been demolished ; the existing structure is a mixture of the Norman and early English styles. A school is supported principally by Mr. O’Brien. There are a chalybeate, and a sulphureous spring in Blatherwycke Park. 268 BLAWITH, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Ulverstone, hundred of Lonsdale, north of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 7 miles (N.) from Ulverstone 5 containing 186 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy; net income, £59; patron and impropriator, T. R. G.'Braddyll, Esq. In 177^, Margaret Lancaster bequeathed £50, and, in 1777, William Lan- caster gave £110, for the support of a school. BLAXHALL (St. Peter), a parish, in the union and hundred of Plomesgate, E. division of Suffolk, 3f miles (E. by N.) from Wickham-Market, 7 miles (N. E.) from Woodbridge; comprising by computation 2033 acres, and containing 173 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £20, and in. the gift of Andrew Arcedeckne, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £510, and there are 80 acres of glebe. A charity school is supported. BLAXTON, a township, in the parish of Finning- ley, union and soke of Doncaster, W. riding of York, 4f miles (N. by E.) frojn Bawtry ; containing 183 inha- bitants. BLAYDON, a village, in the parish of Winlaton, union of Gateshead, E. division of Chester ward, N. division of the county of Durham, 4 miles (W.) from Newcastle-upon-Tyne; containing 1114 inhabitants. This place is situated on the south border of the Tyne ; the soil is generally light, but produces good wheat, turnips, and potatoes, and the scenery is varied in hill and dale, wood and water. The tide flowing for about four miles up from the village, in a westerly direction, affords great facility for the conveyance of coal, of which immense quantities are sent in keels from the Townley- main, Blaydon-main, and Cowen’s collieries, to the shipping at Shields. There is an extensive manufactory and dep6t for lead, the property of T. W. Beaumont, Esq., of Bretton Park, Yorkshire ; the lead is brought from the Allendale and Weardale mines, where it is smelted, to the works here, where it is nianufactured, and shipped for the London market. Messrs. Richard- son, Currie, and Co., have white-lead and siilphuric-acid works, which were established in 1839; Messrs. Robert jSall, and Co., an iron manufactory for chains, nails, &c. ; Mr. W. G. Hawdon, a cast-iron foundry for ovens^ stoves, engines, and other articles ; Mr. Mitchel, a coke and lamp-black factory ; and Messrs. Thomas Milner and Sons, a steel and iron forge, and a fire-brick manu- factory. A good road from Newcastle crosses the Tyne by an elegant suspension bridge at Scotswood, and forms a j miction with the Gateshead and Hexham turned pike here ; and the Newcastle and Carlisle railway has a station at which the trains meet from Newcastle and Gateshead. A site fpr a church has been given by Mr. Beaumont ; and divine service is at present performed every Sunday in a neat school-house built at the expense of Archdeacon Thorpe, and in which a school on the national plan is supported by subscription. There are places of worship for Wesleyans, Primitive Methodists, and Methodists of the New Connexion. BLAYDON-BURN, a hamlet, in the parish of Win- laton, union of Gateshead, W. division of Chester ward, N. division of the county of Durham, 6 miles (W. S. W.) from Newcastle-upoti-Tyne ; containing 150 inhabitants. This place is picturesquely situated on the Tyne, at the confluence of a small rivulet, or burn ; and is celebrated for an extensive establishment belonging to BLE A BLED Messrs. Joseph Cowen and Go., where fire-bricks> fire- . clay retorts for gas-works, flint for potteries, and almost every article of which fire-clay is susceptible, are manu- factured : the first fire-clay made into bricks in this part of the country, was produced at these works about 80 years ago, and within the last 20 years the trade has much increased. A colliery is in full operation, employ- ing from 200 to 300 hands j and there is a private railway winding through the romantic dell of Blaydon-Burn, opened in 1841, and extending to the Tyne, whence goods are conveyed by wherries to Newcasl^le and Shields, and there shipped for London and other parts of the kingdom, and for the continent, the East and West Indies, and America. There are two flour-mills, one propelled by the water of the burn, and the other by ^team. Joseph Cowen, Esq., has a neat residence, sur- rounded by thriving and beautiful plantations. BLAZEY (ST.), a parish, in the union of St. Aus- tell, E. division of the hundred of Powder and of the county of Cornwall, 4 miles (E. N. E.) from St. Austell ; containing 3284 inhabitants. The parish comprises 1480 acres 5 the surface is hilly, and in the lower grounds is subject to inundation j it is rich in mineral produce, and mines of copper and tin are extensively wrought. The living is a vicarage, annexed to that of St. Austell, and in the gift of the Crown : the impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £120, and the vicarial for one of the same amount. There are places of worship for Wesleyans. Here is an almshouse of re- mote foundation. BLEADON (St, Peter), a parish, in the union of Axbridge, hundred of Winterstoke, E. division of Somerset, 5|- miles (W. N. W.) from Axbridge 5 con- taining, with the hamlets of Oldmixton and Shipslade, 778 inhabitants. The navigable river Axe passes through the parish, by means of which a considerable trade in coal is carried on. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £27. 7. 8|. 5 net income, £469 5 patron. Bishop of Winchester. The Rev. Meric Casaubon, D.D., hn eminent critic and divine, and son of the celebrated Isaac Casaubon, was collated to the benefice about 1624. A building has been erected for a national school. Here are vestiges of a British settlement, but the Roman road oil which it stbod can scarcely be traced ; and there are several barrows on an eminence in the vicinity. BLEANE. — See Cosmus (St.) and Damian. BLEASBYi a hamlet, in the parish of Legsby, union of Caistor, W. division of the wapentake of Wraggoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln 5 containing 123 inhabitants. BLEASBY (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Southwell, liberty of Southwell and Scrooby, and S. division of the county of Nottingham, 3f miles (S. S. E.) from Southwell 5 containing 353 inhabitants. It comprises 1468a. Ir. 5p., of which 7 60 acres are arable, and the remainder meadow and pasture. The village occupies a secluded situation on the western side of the river Trent, over which is a ferry ; and the parish is within that portion of the liberty of Southwell and Scrooby which separates the northern from the south- ern division of the wapentake of Thurgarton. The living is a discharged vicarage, in the patronage of the Chapter of the Collegiate Church of Southwell, valued in the king’s books at £4; net income, £107 5 appropriators, the three Prebendaries in Southwell church. The tithes 269 were commuted for land in 1777. The church is an ancient edifice, in good repair. ' BLEASDALE, a chapelry, in the parish of Lancas- ter, union of Garstang, hundred of Amounderness, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 7 miles (E. by N.) from Garstang; containing 249 inhabitants. The forest of Bleasdale,, comprising 8000 acres, was co^ extensive with the township ; a great part of it has been inclosed. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the pa^ tronage of the Vicar of Lancaster : there are about 22 acres of glebe. The church, a neat edifice, was rebuilt in 1835. Christopher Parkinson, by will dated July 8th, 1702, founded a school, and endowed it with an estate now yielding about £65 per annum ; and a school, in connexion with the National Society, has been erected, towards the support of which an endowment of £10 per annum is appropriated. BLEATARN, a hamlet, in the parish of Warcop, East ward and union, county of Westmorland, 4j miles (W. by S.) from Brough. John Tailbois, in the reign of Henry IT., gave the manor to the abbot of By- land, in Yorkshire, who founded a cell in the vicinity, the ruins of which indicate the conventual buildings to have been somewhat extensive. The Sawbridge estate, and others within the manor, are tithe-free, if occupied by their respective owners, but subject to the claim, if held by a tenant. Limestone abounds. BLECHINGDON (St. Giles), a parish, in the union of Bicester, hundred of Ploughley, county of Ox- ford, 5 miles (E. by N.) from Woodstock; containing 638 inhabitants. It is bordered on the south-west by the Oxford canal, and contains quarries of stone well adapted for building and paving. The living is a rec- tory, valued in the king^s books at £12. 9- 4^., and in the gift of Queen’s College, Oxford : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £27^. 18., and the glebe consists of 209| acres. Leonard Power, by will in 1620, endowed an almshouse for four poor per- sons ; it was rebuilt about the end of the last century, and £33 per annum are assigned for the support of the inmates. A school is partly maintained by Arthur An- nesleyj Esq. Dr. Mills, Principal of St. Edmund’s Hall, Oxford, and author of the Prolegomena,” was rector of the parish ; he was interred in the, church, and a handsonie monument has been erected to his memory* BLEDINGTON (St. L^onari>), a parish, in the union of Stow-on-the-Wold, Upper division of the hundred of Slaughter, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 4 miles (8. E. byE.) from Stow; contain- ing 354 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 1400 acres, and is divided from Oxfordshire by the Evenlode stream, by which the flat grounds are some- times flooded ; the soil is gravelly, with clay, and the surface level. The living is a discharged vicarage, va- lued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 4. ; net income, £88 ; patrons and appropriators, Dean and Canons of Christ- Church, Oxford, to whom land and a money payment were assigned in lieu of tithes in I769. A school is partly supported by subscription. BLEDISLOE, a tything, in the parish of Awre, union of Westbury-upon-Severn, hundred of Bledis- LOE, W. division of the county of Gloucester. BLEDLOW (Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Wycombe, hundred of Aylesbury, county of Buck- B L E N BEEN INGHAM, 5| miles (E. S. E.) from Thame 3 containing 1205 inhabitants. It comprises 4112a. Ir, Ip., of which about 500 acres are woodland, 100 pasture, and one- third of the rest meadow, and two-thirds arable. There are two paper-mills, and females find employment by making cotton and blond lace by hand on pillows. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £16.9.7.5 income, £250 3 patron. Lord Carrington : land and money payments were assigned in 1809, in lieu of all tithes, woodlands excepted. The church is an ancient building, erected about the year 1200. At Bledlow Ridge, three miles from the church, is an episcopal chapel, which was rebuilt by subscrip- tion, in 1835, and is in the style of an old church, with tower and buttresses : it is vested in three trustees, the vicar who is also chaplain, being one. There is also a Wesleyan meeting-house at Bledlow Ridge 3 and several endowments, amounting to about £30 per annum, have been left to the poor. BLENCARN, with Kirkland, a township, in the parish of Kirkland, union of Penrith, Leath ward, E. division of Cumberland, 10^ miles (E.) from Pen- rith 3 containing 233 inhabitants. At Blencarn-gate is a free school, erected in 1775, and endowed with 100 acres of land, allotted on inclosing Culgaith common, and now let for £42 per annum. BLENCOGO, a township, in the parish of Brom- FiELD, union of Wigton, Cumberland ward, E. divi- sion of Cumberland, 4^ miles (W. by S.) from Wigton 3 containing 2 1 1 inhabitants. The Rev. Jonathan Bou- cher, who published a Supplement to Dr. Johnson’s Dictionary,” was born here in 1738. BLENCOW, GREAT, a township, in the parish of Dacre, union of Penrith, Leath ward, E. division of Cumberland, 5 miles (W. N. W.) from Penrith 3 con- taining 64 inhabitants. In 1772 land and a [money payment were assigned to the impropriator in lieu of tithes. A grammar school, of high repute, was founded in 1576, by Thomas Burbank, who endowed it with property now producing about £200 per annum : a new schoolroom, and a house for the master, were built in 1793. The late Lord Ellenborough received a part of his early education at this school, which has also pro- duced several distinguished clergymen. BLENCOW, LITTLE, a township, in the parish of Greystock, union of Penrith, Leath ward, E. divi- sion of Cumberland, 4 f miles (W. N. W.) from Pen- rith 3 containing 69 inhabitants. Near an ancient house, once the residence of the Blencows, are some dispersed ruins of buildings, particularly those of a chapel, with a burial-ground adjoining 3 and near the road is an inclosed cemetery, in which stands a stone cross, with the arms of the family engraved on it. BLENDON, a hamlet, in the parish of Bexley, union of Dartford, hundred of Lessness, lathe of Sutton-at-Hone, W. division of Kent 3 containing 122 inhabitants. BLEND WORTH (St. Giles), a parish, in the union of Catherington, hundred of Finch-Dean, Petersfield and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, f of a mile from Horndean 3 containing 280 inhabitants. It comprises 1421a. Ir. 23jt>., of which 611 acres are arable, 146 meadow, 386 downs, and 253 woodland: the soil is chalky, and the surface level and dry. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at 270 £6. 7. and in the gift of the Rev. Edward Langtoii Ward : the tithes have been commuted for two rent- charges, £130 payable to the incumbent of Chalton, and £243 to the rector of Blendworth, who has also a glebe of 6 acres. William Appleford, in 1695, gave £200 in trust, to be invested in land, and the proceeds applied to education. BLENHEIM-PARK, an extra-parochial district, in the liberty of Oxford, though locally in the hundred of WooTTON, union of Woodstock, county of Oxford 3 containing 109 inhabitants. This district, which com- prises the royal manor of Woodstock, with the demesne, including the hundred of Wootton, was granted, in 1704, by Queen Anne to John Churchill, Duke of Marl- borough, in commemoration of the splendid victory obtained by him over the French and Bavarians, on the 2nd of August, near the village of Blenheim 3 and this grant was confirmed by parliament in the following year, when the house of commons voted the sum of £500,000 for the erection of a palace, which was com- pleted in 1715, after a design of Sir John Vanbrugh, and is a magnificent pile of building, 850 feet in extreme length, and generally considered to be the only public work of magnitude sufficient for the full development of the genius of that architect. BLENKINSOPP, a township, in the parish and union of Haltwhistle, W. division of Tindale ward, S. division of Northumberland, IJ mile (W.) from Haltwhistle 3 containing 845 inhabitants. This has long been the property of the Blenkinsopp family, of whom Sir Reginald de Blenkinsopp, who lived in the time of Henry II. and Richard Cceur de Lion, assumed the cross, and accompanied the latter monarch to the Holy Land, and fought under nim at the battle of Ascalon. In 1399 Thomas de Blencansopp” had a licence to fortify his mansion on the borders of Scotland : it occurs in the list of border castles about 1416 3 and in 1488 its pro- prietor committed the custody of it to Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, at, that time warden of the west and middle marshes, when it is supposed that the Blenkinsopps abandoned it finally as a residence. The township comprises 4725 acres, and is situated on the road from Newcastle to Carlisle, and near the site of the Roman station Magna, now called Caer Voran, which latter name it must have received from the ancient Britons, probably from having been placed under the tutelage of the virgin goddess Minerva, in Welsh Caer Vorwen, or Morwen, signifying Maiden’s fort : the foun- dations of buildings and traces of streets still appear evident to the view, and the Roman wall is strongest near this station, and at the distance of a quarter of a mile from it, is more than twelve feet high and nine broad. The geological features of the district are generally interesting, and the township abounds in mineral wealth : coal of good quality is very extensively wrought by a company who hold the property under lease from Col. Coulson, of Blenkinsopp Hall 3 and the produce is sent to the south-west of Scotland, the north-east coast of Ireland, and the Isle of Man 3 there are also, near the collieries, quarries of grey slate and limestone, which are wrought by the same company. The Newcastle and Carlisle railway passes through the township, and attains its summit level a mile and a half to the west of the village of Greenhead, where four locomotive engines are usually stationed 3 and the Carlisle canal extends from BLET BLEW the end of the railway to the Irish Sea. Blenkinsopp Castle, the seat of the ancient family of that name, and now in the possession of their descendant, John Blen- kinsopp Coulsqn, Esq., is a venerable pile of grey massive walls, with a farm-house attached, used as the residence of the agent of the colliery. The chapel of Greenhead (see Greenhead) was consecrated, Sept. 11th, 18^8. A school-house has been built by the coal company, and is conveniently situated between the village of Greenhead and the colliery. BLENNERH ASSET, with Kirkland, a township, in the parish of Torpenhow, union of Wigton, Aller- DALE ward below Derwent, W. division of Qumber- LAND, 8:| miles (S. W.) from Wigton ; containing 224 inhabitants. A meeting-house for Independents was rebuilt in 1828. BLETCHINGLEY (,^t. Mary), a parish (formerly a borough and market- town), in the union of Godstone, First division of the hundred of Tanbridge, E. division of Surrey, 21 miles (S.) from London 3 comprising by computation 5600 acres, and containing 3546 inha- bitants. The town, which is pleasantly situated on the road from Godstone to Reigate, is , of considerable an- tiquity : a castle was erected here, soon after the Con- quest, by Gilbert, Earl of Clare, which was demolished by Prince Edward, after the battle of Lewes, in 1264, and the foundations alone are now remaining. Fairs are held on May 10th and Nov. 2nd, for horses, hogs, and lean cattle. Shortly after quitting the London and Brighton railway near Reigate, the South-Eastern rail- way at this place enters a tunnel 1080 yards in length. A bailiff and other officers are appointed at the court leet of the lord of the manor. The borough received the elective franchise in the 23rd of Edward I., since which time it continued to return two members to par- liament, until its disfranchisement by the act of the 2nd of William IV., cap. 45. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19. 19- 4§., and in the gift of H. Chawner, Esq. : the tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £1185, and there are 90 acres of glebe. The church is a spacious and venerable structure, in the early style of English architecture, with a low tower 3 the south chancel is entirely occu- pied by a magnificent monument to the memory of the first Sir Robert Clayton, Knt., and his lady, whose effigies in white marble stand on a projecting base : the knight is represented in his robes, as lord mayor of London. There are several other monuments, of which the principal is that of Sir William Bensley, Bart., R.N., by Bacon. John Thomas, Bishop of Rochester, and Sir Thomas Cavendish, master of the revels to Henry VIII., were also interred here, and the former was at one time incumbent, as was also Archbishop Herring. There is a place of worship for Independents. Thomas Evans, in 1633, founded a free school for 20 boys, and endowed it with land now producing £20 per annum. The town is near a Roman road 3 and at Pendhill, in the parish, some workmen discovered part of the foundations of a Roman bath, the different apartments in which were paved, and some of the walls lined with Roman tiles. The union workhouse is a spacious building near the town, erected in 1839. BLETCHLEY {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Newport-Pagnell, hundred of Newport, county of Buckingham, 1^ mile (W. by S.) from Fenny-Strat- 271 ford 3 containing, with part of the chapelry of Fenny- Stratford, and the township of Water Eaton, 1415 in- habitants. The parish is intersected by the London and Birmingham railway, of which the Bletchley and Fenny- Stratford station is situated here. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £29. 13. l|.3 net income, £456 3 patron, J. Fleming, Esq. : in 1810, land and a money payment were assigned in lieu of tithes. There is a school on the national system 3 and on the inclosure of the common, 25 acres were as- signed for the benefit of the poor. BLETSOE {St. Mary), a parish, in the hundred of WiliIey, union and county of Bedford, 6§ miles (N. N. W.) from Bedford 3 containing 420 inhabitants. It comprises about 2000 acres 3 the soil is gravel and clay 3 the surface is rather hilly, and the meadows are occasionally flooded by the river Ouse, which runs through the parish. Here are the remains of an ancient castle, formerly belonging to Lord Bolingbroke, and part of which has been destroyed for the materials. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £17, and in the patronage of Lord St. John : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £ 333 . 18. 9., and there are 34 acres of glebe. A bequest of £8 per annum is applied to the support of a Sunday school. There is a mineral spring, but the water is seldom used medi- cinally. BLEWBERRY {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Wantage, partly in the hundred of Moreton, but chiefly in that of Reading, county of Berks, 4- miles (N. E. by N.) from East Ilsley 3 containing, with the chapelries of Aston-Upthorp and Upton, and the liberty of Nottingham-Fee, Ki96 inhabitants. The parish comprises upwards of 4000 acres,^ of which about 2500 are arable, and the rest pasture and meadow : the soil is partly of a cold chalky nature, but round the village it is a strong clay loam, and in other parts gravel and peat. A large stream, issuing from a bed of chalk, runs through the village, and is well stocked with trout 3 it turns several mills within three miles, and falls into the river Thames at Wallingford. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £16. 6. 10§., and in the patronage of the Bishop of Salisbury : the tithes of the prebendary of Blewberry have been commuted for a rent-charge of £1100, and the vicarial tithes for one of £232. 13. : there are 217§ acres of appropriate glebe, and la. 3r. belonging to the vicar. In addition to the parochial church, there are chapels of ease at Aston-Upthorp and Upton. William Malthus, by will dated Nov. l6th, I700, after specifying certain bequests, directed the residue of his estate to be sold, and the money to be invested in land, now producing a net income of about £916 : the trus- tees allow £l6l for the support of ten boys at Reading, and other sums for the instruction," clothing, and ap- prenticing of children. An almshouse for one poor man was founded and endowed with a gift of £271. 13. 4., by Mr. Bacon, in 1732 3 the lands are let for £38 per annum. A large edifice, called the Charter-house, sup- posed to have been used as a place of worship previously to the Reformation, was taken down a few vears since. A field betw'een Blewberry and Aston is thought to have been the scene of a severe conflict between the Saxons, under Ethelred and his brother Alfred, and the Danes, in which the latter were defeated with great slaughter 3 SLID B L O € and in forming a new turnpike-road, in 1804> manj^ human skeletons and military weapons '^ere found ne^r the spot. The parish is intersected by a Roman and a; British road, termed respectively Ickleton and ^Grims- ditch. There is an encampment of considerable extent on a hill called Blewberton j and Loughborough Hilli the loftiest eminence in the county, has also been crowned by an ancient work, apparently constructed for purposes of warfare. BLICKLING '(&. An.j>iiew), a parish, in^the union of Aylsham, hundred of South Erpingham, E. divi- sion of NoRTOLKi mile (N. W. by N.) from Aylsham 5 containing 356 inhabitants. Before the Conquest the manor was in the possession of Harold, afterwards king of England j but William I. settled the whole on the see 5 and after the foundation of Norwich cathedral, the bishops held the demesne in their own hands, and had a palace here. Charles M., with his. queen, visited the hall, in their progress through the county, in I671. The edifice is of brick, in the Elizabethan style, and is nearly environed with large old trees, and situated in a beautiful park of about 700 acres. The road from Aylsham to Holt passes through the parish, 'Which is bounded on the north-east by a branch of the itiver Bure, and comprises 2114a. 2r. 12p., of which 924 acres are arable, 755 meadow and pasture, and 401 woodland and plantations. The living is a rectory, with that of Erpingham annexed, valued in the king’s books at £10. 13. 4., and in the patronage of the Dowager Lady Suffield : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £400, and the glebe comprises 17 acres. The church, which is picturesquely situated near the hall, is in the decorated and later styles, and consists of a nave; chancel, and side aisles, with a low square tower. A school for girls, and a Sunday school for b05’s, are supported by Lady Suffield. BLIDWORTH (iSt. ilLiRF), d parish, in the union of MansfIeld, hundred of Thurgarton, liberty of SouTHWEiit. and Scrooby, though locally in the wapentake of Brqxtow, S. dii^ision of the county of Nottingham, 5 miles (S. S. E.) from Mansfield ; con- taining, with the hamlets of Bottoms, Fishpool, and Rainworth, and the extra- parochial places of Lindhurst and Haywood Oaks, 1154 inhabitants. At the time of the Norman survey this formed a berewic to Oxton, and in the 3rd of Henry V. was given by that monarch to the college of South’well. The parish comprises 5302a. 3r. 20p. The village is nearly in the centre of the ancient forest of Sherwood, in all the perambulations of which, from the reign of Henry I. to that of rGharles II., it is mentioned as a forest town: it is pleasantly situated upon an eminence, surrounded by sohie of the finest sylvan scenery of the forest. A portion of the population is employed as frame- work knitters of stockings. A fair for sheep is held on old Michaelmas- day. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £4, and in the alternate patronage of the two prebendaries of Oxton; net income, /£, 1 88. The tithes '^ere commuted for land and a money pay- ment in 1769 and 1805 ; the glebe comprises 140 acres. The original church becoming dilapidated, the present edifice was erected in 1740, and re-roofed and enlarged, in 1839, by the Rev. John Downhalh incumbent, at an ejfpense of above £1000. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans. In a field near the village is a rocky 27^ formation of sand and gravel, commonly called plum*- pudding stone ; it is fourteen feet high, and eighty^four in Circumference, and is supposed to have been a Druid*- ical idol. BLINDBOTHEL, a township, in the parish of Brigham, union of CoCkermouth, Allerdaee ward above Derwent, W. division of Cumberland, 2^ miles (S.) from Cockermouth* containing 100 inhabitants. As a commutation in lieu of tithes, lahd was assigned to the impropriator in 1812., There is a small school partly supported by a subscription of £7 per annum. BLINDCRAKE, with Isell and Redmain, a towm ship, in parish of Isell, union of Cockermouth, Allerdale ward below Derwent, 'W. division of Cum- berland, 3^ miles (N. E. by Ni) from Cockermouth ; containing 347 inhabitants. BLISLAND (/Sr. Pratt) y a parish, in the union of Bodmin, hundred of Trigg, E. division of Cornwall, 4| miles. (N. N. E.) from Bodmin ; containing 688 inha- bitants. A cattle fair is held on the Monday next after September 22nd. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £.13. 10. ; net income, £571 ; patron and incumbent, >Rev. F. W. Pye. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans. BLIS WORTH (iSr. John the Baptist) y a parish, in the Union of Towcester, hundred of Wymmersley, S. division of the county of Northampton, 3f miles (N. E. by N.) from Towcester ; containing 882 inhabit- ants. It is intersected by the road from Northampton to Towcester, and comprises 1804 acres, including 50 occupied by the LoUdoU and Birmingham railway, the annual value of which property in the. parish is returned at £1400. The Grand Junction canal enters the parish by means of a tunnel from the adjoining parish of Stoke*-^ Brnerne, and continues its course northward until it is joined by the Northampton canal. Here also is one of the first class stations on the. line .of the railway, which passes close to the village, near which occurs a cutting through blue limestone rock, about two miles long. With an average depth of 50 .feet : the quantity of rock re- moved is estimated at 1,200,000 cubic yards, and the expense at £200,000. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £20. 3. 9.5 net income, £351; patrons. Trustees of J. Barry, Esq. As a commutation in lieu ,of tithes (with certain exceptions) land and a money payment were assigned in 1808. The free school is endowed with £11 per annum. BLITHBURY, a hamlet, in the parish of Mavesyn- Ridware, union of Lichfield, N. division of the hun- dred of Offlow and of the county of Stafford ; con- taining 144 inhabitants. BLITHFIELD (St, Leonard) y a parish, in the union of UttoxetIer, hundred of SoutU Pirehill, N. divi*- sron of the ^county of Stafford, 4^ miles (N.) from iRugeley ; containing, with Newton liberty and Admas- ton tomlet, 39D inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £1:0. d 9- ; net income, £388 ; patron. Lord Bagot ; appropriator. Bishop of Oxford. Elizabeth Bagot and Jane Jones, in 17^9, gave land, now producing about £35 per, annum, which is applied to the support of a school on. the national system. BLOCKHOUSE, an extra-parochial liberty, in the city, unlun, and county of Worcester ; containing 1280 inhabitantSi A district church wa« erected in 1834. BLON B L O X BLOCKLEY {St, Peter and St, Paul), a parish^ in. the union of Shipston, situated in a detached portion of the Upper division of the hundred of Oswaldslow, Blockley and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, surrounded by Gloucestershire and a small portion of Warwickshire, miles (N. W. by W.) from Moreton ; comprising the townships of Blockley, and the hamlets of Aston Magna, Dome, Ditchford, Dray cot, and Pax- ford 3 and containing 2136 inhabitants, of whom 1412 are in the township of Blockley. It consists of 7571 acres, of which 3190 are arable, 4035 meadow and pas- ture, and 341 wood 3 the soil is rich and fertile, and the lands in good cultivation. There are several silk-mills, worked by small streams, which rise in Dovedale, a short distance hence. Fairs are held on the Tuesday next after Easter- week, for cattle, and Oct. 10th, for hiring servants 3 a manorial court is occasionally held under the Bishop of Worcester who is lord of the manor, and the petty-sessions for the division are held here. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £54 3 net income, £762 3 patron and appropriator, the Bishop : the tithes were commuted for land in 1772. The church is partly Norman, and partly in the early English style 3 the tower was rebuilt in 1725, at the expense of the inhabitants. A chapel of ease has re- cently been erected 3 and there is a place of worship for Baptists. Premises for a school, upon the national plan, were built about twelve years since by Lord Northwick 5 the endowment, arising from various sums bequeathed by the ancestors of his lordship, amounts to £12. 14. per annum. In a charter of King Burhred, dated 855, mention is made of a monastery, which then existed, and which was subsequently annexed to the bishopric of Worcester : the bishops had anciently a palace here. The Roman Fosse-way passed between this village and Moretoii-in-the-Marsh. Urns and other Roman remains have been found on Moor Hill 3 and there are several chalybeate springs. BLODWELL. — See Llan-y-Blodwell. BLOFIELD {St, Andrew), a parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Blofield, E. division of Norfolk, 7 miles (E.) from Norwich 3 containing 1112 inhabitants. It comprises about 2252 acres 3 and the road from Norwich to Yarmouth runs through the vil- lage, in which is a branch post-office. Petty-sessions are held at the Globe inn every alternate Monday. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £23. 6. 8.3 net income, £8963 patrons. Master and Fellows of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge : the glebe consists of about 62 acres, with a handsome house, erected in 1806. The church is in the later style, with a lofty square embattled tower, surmounted at each angle by a figure of one of the Evangelists. The Inde- pendents have a place of worship. The Rev. Charles Reve, a former rector, in 1729, bequeathed a rent of £10, wil^ a schoolroom and a house for the master near the church, for the education of boys, and smaller sums for other charitable uses : another school, for girls, is supported by subscription. The rent of about 37 acres of land, awarded at the inclosure, is distributed in coal among the poor. The union of Blofield comprises 32 parishes or places, and contains a population of 10,555. BLO-NORTON {St, Andrew), a parish, in the union and hundred of Guilt-Cross, W. division of Norfolk, VoL. I. — 273 5 miles (S. by E.) from East Harling 3 containing 435 inhabitants. It comprises 1133cr. 2r. 22p., of which 841 acres are arable, 227 pasture, and the remainder, wood and waste land, and roads. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 6. 3. 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. Charles Howman Browne, whose tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £330, and who has about 20 acres of glebe. The church, which is partly in the early, and partly in the decorated style, consists of a nave and chancel, with a square em- battled tower. There is a place of worship for Primitive Methodists 3 and a school is supported by endowment. Under an inclosure act in 1822, 25 acres of land were awarded to the poor for fuel 3 and on the same occasion, acres were added to 8| which had been left to the poor by Robert Browne, in 1765. BLOOMSBURY, ST. GEORGE. — See London. BLOORE-IN-TYRLEY, a township, in the parish of Drayton-in-Hales, union of Drayton, N. division of the hundred of Pirehill and of the county of Staf- ford, 2 f miles (E.) from Drayton 3 containing, with Hales, 561 inhabitants. Bloore Heath is distinguished as the scene of a sanguinary battle fought in 1459, between the Lancastrians, under the command of Lord Audley, and the Yorkists, under that of the Earl of Salisbury, in which the former were defeated, and about 2400 persons of distinction were slain, among whom was Lord Audley 3 a wooden cross, resting upon a stone pedestal bearing an inscription commemorative of the event, marks the spot on which his lordship fell. A school is principally supported by the Rev. A. H. Bu- chanan. BLORE {St, Bartholomew) , a parish, in the N. division of the hundred of Totmonslow, and of the county of Stafford 3 containing 333 inhabitants, of whom 273 are in the township of Blore with Swainscoe, 4 miles (N. W. by W.) from Ashbourn. The parish comprises about 1900 acres, and is bounded on the north by the rivers Manifold and Dove, and intersected by the road from Derby to Manchester 5 it commands, from its elevated situation, very extensive views, the Wrekin in Shropshire, and the Leicestershire hills being distinctly visible. There is excellent limestone, which is used for building 3 and lead-ore, in small quantity, is sometimes found in the limestone rocks. A fair is held for cattle and sheep on the 20th of September. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 8.3 net income, £130 3 patron, Offley Shore, Esq. : the glebe consists of about 40 acres, with a house, newly built in the Elizabethan style. The church, erected in the fourteenth century, has a nave and chan- cel, with a square tower. There is a place of w^orship for Wesley ans. BLOXHAM, or Bloxholme {St, Mary), a pa- rish, in the union of Sleaford, wapentake of Flax- well, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 5 miles (N. by W.) from Sleaford 3 containing 67 inhabitants. This parish, situated near the road from Sleaford to Lincoln, comprises about 1200 acres, of which 700 are arable, 250 pasture and meadow, and the remainder waste 3 stone is quarried, and used as lime. The living is a rectory, to which the vicarage of Digby was united in 1717, valued in the king’s books at £9. 9. 4^., and in the patronage of R. A. Christopher, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £209. 5. 2., 2 N BLUB B L U N and the glebe comprises 18 acres, with a house. The church is a neat edifice, and in the chancel are deposited the remains of many members of the Manners family, late the possessors of the lordship. A small school is supported by Lady M. Christopher. BLOXHAM {St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Banbury, hundred of Bloxham, county of Oxford, 3 miles (S. W. by S.) from Banbury ; containing, with the chapelry of Milcombe, 1543 inhabitants. A petty- session is held by the county magistrates once every month. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £17. 9. 4., and in the gift of Eton College, with a net income of £9,69, : land and annual money payments were assigned in lieu of tithes in the 39th and 40th of George III. The church, which is justly admired for loftiness of elevation and beauty of design, was greatly damaged during the war between the houses of York and Lancaster, but was repaired in the reign of Henry VIIT., and beautified by Cardinal Wolsey. It is principally in the early and decorated English styles, with some Norman remains, and a highly enriched tower of four stages, strengthened by angular buttresses ornamented with canopied niches rising to the third stage, and terminating in finials ; the fourth stage, of smaller dimensions, gradually becomes oc- tagonal, corresponding with the lofty crocheted spire by which it is surmounted. At Milcombe, in the parish, is a chapel of ease 3 and there is a place of worship for Baptists. There is a free school, established in 1831, which is endowed by the will of Mr. Job Faulkner, with the interest of £666. 13. 4. three per cent, consols. BLOXWICH, a chapelry, or district, in the parish and union of Walsall, S. division of the hundred of Offlow and of the county of Stafford, 3 miles (N. N. W.) from Walsall. This place, from its vicinity to Walsall, participates to a considerable extent in the manufactures and trade of that town, and derives benefit from the Essington and Wyrley canal, which passes through the chapelry. The living is a perpetual curacy j net income, £143 3 patron, Bishop of Lichfield. The district church, dedicated to St. Thomas, is of modern erection. There are places of worship for Wesleyans and Roman Catholics 3 also a national school. BLOXWORTH {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Wareham and Purbeck, hundred of Coombs- Ditch, Wareham division 6f Dorset, 8 miles (S.) from Blandford 3 containing 306 inhabitants. It com- prises about 3000 acres, of which 900 are arable, 400 pasture, 200 meadow, 80 woodland, chiefly coppice, and the remainder heath 3 the soil is various, in some parts clay, in others chalk, alternated with sand. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £15. 7. 1. 5 net income, £230 3 patron, George Pickard, Esq. The church is an ancient structure, in the later English style, with a square embattled tower. There is a school on the national plan. On a hill called Woolsbarrow, situated on the heath, about a mile towards the east, are vestiges of a small fortification, supposed to be of Danish origin, the ramparts and trenches of which may be traced : near it are several tumuli. BLUBBER-HOUSES, a township, in the parish of Fewston, Lower division of the wapentake of Claro, W. riding of York, 8 miles (N. by W.) from Otley3 containing 99 inhabitants. It comprises about 3600 acres, chiefly moorland and pasture, with a small pro- 274 portion of arable land 3 the surface is strikingly varied, and the scenery bold. Brand ith Graggs, a range of lofty rocks, is situated in the neighbourhood, where is a rocking-stone easily moved with one hand, though its weight cannot be less than 20 tons. BLUNDESTON {St. Mary), a parish, in the incor- poration, and hundred of Mutford and Lothingland, E. division of Suffolk, 3| miles (N. W.) from Lowes- toft 3 containing 592 inhabitants. It is situated on the navigable river Waveney, which forms its boundary on the south-west. The living is a discharged rectory, with that of Flixton united, valued in the king’s books at £13. 6. 8., and in the gift of the Rev. George An- guish : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £610, and there are nearly 13 acres of glebe. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. The Rev. Gre- gory Clarke, in 1726, gave land for the instruction of children, of the annual value of about £11. BLUNHAM {St. Edmund), a parish, in the union of Biggleswade, hundred of Wixamtree, county of Bedford, 5j miles (N. N. W.) from Biggleswade, on the great north road 3 containing, with the hamlet of Muggerhanger, 1050 inhabitants. The parish is situated at the junction of the Ivel with the Ouse, the latter of which is navigable to Bedford 3 it comprises 2589 acres, of which 1785 are arable, 424 meadow, 250 pasture, and 130 plantation 5 the soil is light and convertible, the surface level, and the meadow lands subject to floods. A large proportion of the females are employed in the manufacture of pillow-lace, and in preparing straw- bonnet plat. In the reign of Edward II., the inhabit- ants obtained the grant of a weekly market on Wed- nesday, and of an annual fair on the festival of St. James, both which have long been discontinued. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £46. 2. 11., and in the patronage of the Countess de Grey 3 net income, £731, derived from land : the glebe comprises about 600 acres, with a residence. The church is a commodious, but plain structure 3 the interior and the tower appear of different dates 3 there are some ancient monuments, among which is one to Lady Susan Longueville, daughter and heiress of Charles de Grey, Earl of Kent, who died at the manor-house in 1625. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists 3 and a national school for boys is supported by Earl de Grey and the rector. Within the parish is a mineral spring, called Poplar Well. BLUNSDON {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Highworth and Swindon, hundred of Highworth, Cricklade, and Staple, Cricklade and N. divisions of Wilts, miles (W. S. W.) from Highworth 3 contain- ing 79 inhabitants. This is supposed, from the nume- rous human bones, spurs, and military relics found, to have been the scene of hostilities during the parlia- mentary war. The parish comprises by measurement 1301 acres 3 and stone of excellent quality for huilding is found in abundance. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 19. 2., and in the patronage of John James Galley, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £305. The church is ancient. BLUNSDON, BROAD, a chapelry, in the parish of Highworth, union of Highworth and Swindon, hundred of Highworth, Cricklade, and Staple, Swindon and N. divisions of Wilts, 3 miles (W. by S.) from Highworth 3 containing 831 inhabitants. B L YT B L YT BLUNTISHAM (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of St. Ives, hundred of Hurstingstone, county of Huntingdon, miles (N. E. by E.) from St. Ives j containing, with Earith chapelry, 743 inhabitants, of whom 740 are in the township of Bluntisham. This parish, which is bounded for nearly three miles on the south by the navigable river Ouse, contains two por- tions, of which the larger forms part of the manor and soke of Somersham, and the smaller a consider- able manor belonging to the Dean and Chapter of Ely. In 1741, the place suffered materially from a dreadful hurricane, which threw down sixty barns and twelve dwelling-houses, and did much damage to other kinds of property. The living is a rectory, with Earith annexed, valued in the king’s books at £32. I6. 0^. ; net income, £10103 patron. Bishop of Ely. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists. Thomas Skeeles, in 1703, devised about 62 acres of fen land, now let for £32 per annum, for the endowment of a school 3 and the Rev. Samuel Say well bequeathed 14 acres of pasture land, now let for £55. 10,, also for the instruction of children. Lands, yielding a considerable rental, are also held in trust for the benefit of the poor, amongst whom the produce of other bequests is likewise dis- tributed. BLURTON, a chapelry, in the parish of Trentham, union of Stone, N. division of the hundred of Pire- HiLL and of the county of Stafford, 4 | miles (S. E. by E.) from Newcastle-under-Line 3 containing 876 in- habitants. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £189 y patron and impropriator, Duke of Sutherland. BLYBOROUGH (St, Alkmonb), a parish, in the union of Gainsborough, W. division of the wapentake of Aslacoe, parts of Lindsev, county of Lincoln, 3 miles (S.) from Kirton-in-Lindsey 3 containing 197 in- habitants. This parish comprises 2353a. 2r. 29p., and is situated on the road from Lincoln to Barton-on- Humber, by which it is bounded on the east 3 the soil is various, but chiefly consists of loam, clay, and sand, and the surface is rather level. Limestone is quarried for building, and the repair of roads. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19, and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been com- muted for a rent- charge of £557, and there are nearly two acres of glebe, with a residence. A tessellated pavement was discovered a few years since in a field, a few inches below the surface, in a perfect state. There are mineral springs. BLYMHILL (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Shiffnall, W. division of the hundred of Cuttle- stone, S. division of the county of Stafford, 6 miles (W. N. W.) from Brewood 3 containing 632 inhabitants, and comprising by measurement 2433 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 10. 7^., and in the gift of the Earl of Bradford : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £560, and there are 765 acres. Schoolrooms have been built chiefly at the expense of the rector. BLYTH (St. Martin), a parish, portions of which are in the unions of Doncaster, East Retford, and Worksop 3 partly in the N. and partly in the S. divi- . sion of the wapentake of Strafforth and Tickhill, W. riding of York 3 and partly in the liberty of South- well and Scrooby, and partly in the Hatfield division of the wapentake of Bassetlaw, N. division of the 275 county of Nottingham, 31 J miles (N. by E.) from Nottingham, and 15l| (N. N. W.) from London, on the old road to York 3 containing 3488 inhabitants, of whom 811 are in the village of Blyth. This place, anciently called Blia and Blida, was chiefly noted in former times for its religious and charitable establishments. In 1088, a priory was founded in honour of the Blessed Virgin, by Roger de Builly and his wife Muriel, for monks of the Benedictine order, which, though considered as an alien priory, being in some respects subordinate to the abbey of the Holy Trinity, near Rouen, in Normandy, was spared at the suppression of alien priories, and subsisted till the general dissolution, when its revenue was estimated at £126. 8 . 2 . An hospital for lepers, dedicated to St. John the Evangelist, was founded by Hugh de Cressy, lord of Hodsock, in the reign of John, for a warden, three chaplains, and brethren, the revenue of which, at the Dissolution, was £ 8 . 14. : of these buildings, as well as of a strong castle which is known to have been anciently erected here, there are scarcely any remains, having been demolished by wanton hands, or decayed by time 3 the monastic institution occupied the site and grounds of the present hall, a handsome man- sion of considerable magnitude which stands near the church, and in a situation surrounded by beautiful scenery, and is the property of Henry Frederick Walker, Esq. The lord of the honour of Tickhill had a castle at Blyth, where he exercised the usual feudal rights of a lord paramount 3 and in the immediate neighbour- hood was one of the five places which alone were licensed for holding tournaments, and several records are pre- served of royal and noble blood having been shed in these dangerous sports. The parish, nearly 1 1 miles in extreme length, con- tains the chapelries of Bawtry and Austerfield, and the townships of Barnby-Moor, Blyth, Hodsock, Ranskill, Torworth, and part of Styrrup 3 it comprises 15,477a. 1 Ip. of fertile land, of which 1257 acres are in the town- ship, and is intersected by the river Idle. The town, which is four miles from Bawtry, is pleasantly situated on the east bank of the Ryton, on a gentle ascent 3 and is clean and well built, and amply supplied with water. The market, which was formerly held on Wednesday, has been discontinued 3 the fairs are on Holy-Thursday and October 20th. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £14. 9. 4|. 5 gross income, £751 3 patrons and impropriators. Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge. The church is a lofty structure, partly in the Norman style, and once formed the ante- choir of the splendid cruciform church of the priory 3 it has a handsome tower, in the later style of English architecture, with crocheted pinnacles. There are places of worship for the Society of Friends and Wesleyans 3 and a school is endowed with land produ- cing £12 per annum. Almshouses for six aged people, supposed to have been originally an appendage to the hospital founded by Hugh de Cressy, have been lately rebuilt, and there are also almshouses for two aged women, endowed with £10 per annum, under the management of the Society of Friends, besides other charitable bequests for the relief of the poor. BLYTH, NORTH, a township, in the parish of Bedlington, union of Morpeth, E. division of Ches- ter ward, county of Durham, 8 ^ miles (E. S. E.) from Morpeth 3 containing 123 inhabitants. Ralph de El- 2 N 2 BLYT B L Y T lyngeham was anciently possessed of a portion of the manor and of part of the fishery of Wansbeck. The village is situated on a peninsula upon the northern side of the river Blyth, opposite to the port and town of South Blyth, and is chiefly inhabited by fishermen and pilots. The manufacture of salt and earthenware was formerly carried on to a considerable extent, but has been wholly discontinued. There are several store- houses for corn, and a quay. A little to the north-east of the village is a large cluster of rocks, called the Row- cars, which appear at low-water mark, though there are five fathoms of water close to the ledge. BLYTH, SOUTH, or Blyth Nook, a sea- port and chapelry, partly in the parish of Horton, but chiefly in that of Earsdon, union of Tynemouth, E. division of Castle ward, S. division of Northumber- land, 9^ miles (E. S. E.) from Morpeth, 16 miles (N. N. E.) from Newcastle, and 283 (N. N. W.) from Lon- don 5 containing, with the lordship of Newsham, and exclusively of that part of the town which is in the parish of Horton, 1921 inhabit- ants. The river and port were of much importance to the bishops of Durham in ancient times, and are named in the records with the Tyne, Wear, and Tees, as sub- ject to their jurisdiction, with all the royal rights apper- taining to their possession. The place was the property of a younger branch of the Cramlingtons in the reign of Elizabeth, and in the time of Charles I. was possessed by Robert Cramlington ; but his estate being seques- trated by the parliament, it was afterwards purchased by a wealthy London merchant, by whom it was sold to Col. Thomas Ratcliif, and is now in possession of Sir M. White Ridley, Bart., a descendant of the family to which the martyred Bishop Ridley belonged. In August, 1795, the Duke of York, accompanied by Prince William of Gloucester, reviewed the troops encamped on the coast of Northumberland, upon Blyth sands, the whole force consisting of 13 regiments, who performed their various evolutions in the presence of nearly 60,000 persons. The TOWN, which is advantageously situated on the north side of the Blyth, at its influx into the North Sea, is remarkably pleasant and well built, and though at the commencement of the present century it was of slight importance, and its streets narrow and few, it is now extensively engaged in commerce, and ranks among the most bustling small sea-ports of the kingdom. The trade consists principally in the export of coal from the Cowpen and other collieries, and the importation of various articles of local consumption. The produce of the Bedlington iron-works, which are about three miles distant, is brought down the Blyth to this port for ship- ment 5 it includes a great number of locomotive engines and vast quantities of machinery, manufactured by Messrs. Longridge, and Co., and justly noted for their excellence, and which are sent to all parts of the world. In 1842, 8 foreign, and 120 coasting vessels, with car- goes, entered inwards ; and 223 foreign, and 826 coast- ing vessels, entered outwards 5 190,000 tons of coal 276 were exported, and the amount of duties received in the same year was £1641. 9. 3. : the number of ships registered as belonging to the port and to Seaton- Sluice, is 100. The river near its mouth abounds with sea fish, and the higher parts of the stream are fre- quented by fresh- water fish of extremely fine quality. The harbour, the entrance to which is at all times free from obstruction, is quite secure, even during the most tempestuous weather, but accessible only to vessels of moderate burthen 5 the tide flowed over an extensive waste on the western side of it, but, with a view to counteract this, a quay has been formed on the margin of the river, and a dry dock, capable of receiving three vessels, were constructed in 1811. A circular stone lighthouse was built by Sir M. W. Ridley, in 1788, and there is also a beacon light, called the Basket-Rock light. The custom-house here had formerly the controul of the coast as far south as Cullercoats, where large quantities of coal were shipped, and the vessels had to pay their dues and clear out at Blyth> but since the Tyne has risen into such importance, the whole is now under Newcastle customs. Ship-building and repairing (for which latter purpose there is a patent slip), and also sail-making, are carried on 3 and there are some roperies, a large brewery, &c., and extensive timber, iron, and slate yards belonging to James Wright, Esq. 3 James Thoburn, Esq., of Paradise-row, who conducts some large agencies, is proprietor of a sail-loft, and Mr. J. Hodgson has an extensive business in corn. There are two steam, and three wind, flour-mills 3 and in the town are excellent and commodious inns, and vapour, shower, and warm baths. A bench of magistrates hold a monthly court. The land in the chapelry is a good strong wheat soil, and the seams of coal beneath are of the best descrip- tion for steam purposes, and are let by Sir M. W. Rid- ley to the owners of Cowpen colliery. The chapel was erected by the then Sir M. W. Ridley, in 1751 : the living is a donative curacy, in the patronage of the present baronet, with a net income of £93. The impro- priate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £227. 6., payable to Sir Matthew, with the exception of a portion payable to the Duke of Northumberland, as joint impropriator of the tithes for the lordship of Newsham. There are places of worship for Presby- terians, Scottish Seceders, Wesleyans, and Methodists of the New Connexion. George Marshall, author of a miscellaneous volume of poems, and Letters from an Elder to a Younger Brother,” was born at the place. BLYTHBURGH (Holy Trinity), a parish (for- merly a market-town), in the union and hundred of Blything, E. division of Suffolk, 4 miles (S. S. W.) from Wangford3 containing, with the hamlets of Hin- ton and Bulcamp, 837 inhabitants. The origin of this place has been ascribed to the Britons 3 but the only relics of antiquity that have been found are some Roman urns, which were dug up about 17b8, which circum- stance, together with the termination of the name, affords evidence of its having been a Roman station. In 654, a battle was fought at Bulcamp, between Anna, King of the East Angles, and Penda, King of Mercia, in which the latter was victorious, and the former was slain, together with his son Ferminus, and interred in the church, whence their remains were afterwards re- moved to Bury- St. Edmund’s. A priory of Black canons. Seal. BOCK B O C O ScRAY, E. division of Kent, 1:^ mile (W. by N.) from Milton 3 containing 404 inhabitants, and comprising by measurement 1070 acres. A fair is held on September 4th. The living is a vicarage not in charge, in the gift of the Rev. G. Simpson, who is also impropriator of one- third of the parish j the remainder is impropriate in R. Hinde, Esq. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £194. R2., and the vicarial for one of £140 3 and there are 35 acres of glebe. The church is composed of two aisles, two chancels, and a western tower. A benefaction of £50 from Ann Gibbon has been vested in land, now producing £6. 6. per annum, for which seven girls are instructed. At Key-street, a small hamlet in the parish, corruptly so called for Caius’-street {Caii Stratum), being situated on a Roman highway, is a gravel-pit of unusual size and depth, from which the Romans perhaps obtained part of the mate- rials for making the road. BOBBINGTON {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Seisdon, partly in the hundred of Brimstree, S. division of Salop, but chiefly in the S. division of the hundred of Seisdon and of the county of Stafford, 9 miles (S. W.) from Wolverhampton 3 containing 418 in- habitants, and comprising 267d<7. 3r. 9p. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £97 j patron and im- propriator, T. Whitmore, Esq., whose tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £543. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans3 and a free school was built, in 1792, by Hannah Cobbett, who endowed it with £1400 three per cents. BOBBINGWORTH {St. Ger3ian), a parish, in the union and hundred of On gar, S. division of Essex, 2^ miles (N. W.) from Chipping-Ongar 3 containing 357 inha- bitants. This parish, which comprises 1400 acres, is of very uneven surface, rising into hills of moderate eleva- tion, and commanding in some parts pleasing, and in others highly enriched scenery 3 the village is built round a pleasant green, and has a cheerful aspect. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 6. 8., and in the patronage of Capel Cure, Esq, : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £446. 5., and there are 35 acres of glebe. The church, which is at some distance from the village, appears to have been erected at different periods 3 the chancel, which is the most ancient part, is of stone, and has a handsome east window of the decorated English style. A national school is supported by Mr. Cure. BOCKENFIELD, a township, in the parish of Fel- ton, union of Morpeth, E. division of Morpeth ward, N. division of Northumberland, 8^ miles (N. by W.) from Morpeth 3 containing 1^7 inhabitants. Near this place, which lies west from Eshott, and comprises 1970 acres, is an eminence called Helm-on-the-Hill, over which the road from Morpeth to Alnwick was once carried, but which is now avoided by a new branch, formed some years since, on its west side. Here was formerly a chapel, of which there are now no remains. BOCKHAMPTON, with Eastbury, a tything, in the parish and hundred of Lambourn, union of Hun- GERFORD, county of Berks, f of a mile (S. E. by E.) from Lambourn 3 containing 428 inhabitants, of whom 78 are in Bockhampton. It comprises, by survey in 1806, 1098a. Ir. 15p. BOCKING {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Braintree, hundred of Hinckford, N. division of 278 Essex, 1 mile (N.) from Braintree 3 containing 343^ inhabitants. The parish comprises 4490a. Ir. 12p., oi which 3460 acres are arable, 6 17 meadow and pasture 262 woodland, and 30 hop grounds 3 and is intersectec by the river Blackwater, which puts in motion the machinery of several corn- mills and silk-factories. The lands, which rest on a substratum of clay partially mixed with chalk, are chiefly meadow 3 that portion under tillage produces fair average crops. The village one of the most extensive in the county, consists of one principal street reaching to the town of Braintree, and containing several well-built houses. The living is a rectory, and the head of a deanery, which still exercises its ancient rights : it is valued in the king’s books a( £35. 10., and is in the gift of the Archbishop of Canter- bury : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £1360, and there are nearly 114 acres of glebe. The church, built partly of flints and stone, is a spacious and handsome structure, in the early English style, with a square embattled tower, and contains many interesting monuments. John Gauden, Bishop of Worcester, esta- blished a school for boys, and endowed it with land', now producing £50 per annum 3 and there are also a national, and a Lancasterian school. An almshouse, endowed with about £S per annum, was built, by license of Henry VI., as a Maison Dieu, or God’s House,” by John Doreward, who gave to it, and the chaplain of his chantry in the parish church, his manor of Tendring and a rent-charge on all his lands in this county 3 but this revenue, it is supposed, was lost at the Dissolution. BOCKLETON {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Tenbury, chiefly in the Upper division of the hundred of Doddingtree, Hundred-House and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, but partly in the hundred of Broxash, county of Hereford, 5 miles (S.) from Tenbury 3 containing, with the hamlet of Hampton Charles in the latter county, 358 inhabitants. The parish comprises by computation 2500 acres, of which 2050 are in cultivation, viz., 1026 pasture, 936 arable, and 88 woodland, and there are also some cider orchards and hop grounds 3 the soil is in general a reddish clay, on a substratum of coarse lime or freestone, and the surface is gently undulated. It is surrounded on all sides, except the east, by the county of Hereford. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £127 5 patron, Thomas E. Miller, Esq. 3 appropriator. Treasurer in the Cathedral of Hereford : the glebe consists of rather more than 100 acres. The church has a chancel at the east end, a tower, and two Norman doorways on the north and south. There is a national school. BOCONNOC, a parish, in the union of Liskeard, hundred of West, E. division of Cornwall, 3|- miles (E. N. E.) from Lostwithiel 5 containing 312 inhabitants. In 1644, during the parliamentary war, Charles I. re- sided for a short time at Boconnoc House, in the parish, where he had a narrow escape from assassination, having been fired at by a rebel while walking in the grounds. In the park are vestiges of lead-mines, of which one was wrought in the seventeenth century, and again about the middle of the eighteenth. The living is a discharged rectory, with which that of Broadoak was consolidated in 1742, valued in the king’s books at £9. 17- 8. 3 patron. Lord Grenville. The tithes of Boconnoc have been commuted for a rent- charge of £185, and of Broadoak for one of £1955 and in the latter parish is a glebe of BOAR B O B B of uncertain foundation, was given by Henry I. to the abbey of St. Osyth, in the county of Essex, to which it remained subordinate till the Dissolution, when its revenue was valued at £48. 8. 10. The parish com- prises 3711 acres, and is situated on the river Blyth j the quality of the land varies from a mixed soil to a sandy loam. The living is a perpetual curacy; net in- come, £45 3 patron. Sir Charles Blois, Bart. : the impro- priate tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £505. The church, a spacious and handsome building, but much dilapidated, consists of a nave, chancel, and side aisles, with a lofty embattled tower ; it was for- merly profusely ornamented with paintings, sculpture, monumental brasses, and stained glass, but the three first were destroyed in the time of Cromwell, and of the last only a few fragments remain. The house of in- dustry for the union and hundred of Blything is situated at the hamlet of Bulcamp, in the parish j the union comprises 49 parishes or places, and contains a popula- tion of 27,319. A portion of the ruins of the priory may still be discerned, and there are some slight remains of an ancient chapel, called Holy Rood chapel. BLYTHFORD {All Saints), a parish, in the union and hundred of Blything, E. division of Suffolk, miles (E. by S.) from Halesworth ; containing 223 in- habitants. The parish, which is bounded on the south by the river Blyth, comprises 953 acres. The living is a private donative, of which the stipend is optional, in the patronage of the Rev. Jeremy Day. The church consists of a nave and chancel, with an embattled tower ; the entrances on the north and south are through deco- rated Norman doorways. BLYTH NORNEY, a hamlet, partly in the parish of Blyth, and partly in that of Harworth, union of Worksop, Hatfield division of the wapentake of Bas- SETLAW, N. division of the county of Nottingham, 2 miles (N.) from Blyth; containing 75 inhabitants. It is situated on the north bank of the river Idle, and opposite to the village of Blyth. BLYTON {St. Martin), a parish, in the union of Gainsborough, wapentake of Corringham, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 4 miles (N. E.) from Gainsborough; containing, with the township of Wharton, 647 inhabitants, and comprising 4002a. 3r. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £12 ; net income, £399 3 patron and impropriator, Earl of Scar- borough : the tithes were commuted for land in the 36th of George HI. ; the glebe consists of 260 acres. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans ; and a school is endowed with £20 per annum. BOARDLEY, with Hetton, a township, in the pa- rish of Burnsall, union of Skipton, E. division of the wapentake of Staincliffe, and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 8 miles (N. N. W.) from Skipton ; containing 191 inhabitants. This place forms a constablewick, and comprises about 4980 acres, stretching in a northerly direction on both sides of a rivulet to its source ; a great portion of the soil is open moorland. At the time of the inclosure, 15a. 2r. 3p. were allotted to the poor in lieu of right of commonage. BOARHUNT, a parish, in the union of Fareham, hundred of Portsdown, Fareham and S. divisions of the county of Southampton, 2 miles (N. E.) from Fareham ; containing 232 inhabitants. It comprises about 8000 ac’^s of land, of which the surface is marked 277 by gentle undulations, and the soil consists of chalk, sand, and clay. From the top of Portsdown Hill, which skirts the parish, is one of the finest views in England; beneath is the harbour of Portsmouth studded with shipping ; in the distance is the famous anchorage of Spithead ; while the lofty hills of the Isle of Wight close the landscape to the* sea : on the other side is a richly wooded country, chiefly planted with oak, and a far ex- tended valley which terminates at the foot of a range of hills ; Portsdown fair is of fashionable resort. The living is a donative, in the patronage of T. Thistle- thwayte. Esq., and is joined with the parish of South- wick : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £47. 2. The church is in the early English style, and was formerly the chapel of a Cistercian monastery, of which there are still traces. Five chantries were founded here by William of Wykeham. There is a place of wor- ship for Wesleyans. On that part of Portsdown within the parish, a monument has been erected, in memory of Lord Nelson, which also serves as a beacon. Several Roman urns have been found in the park of Mr. This- tlethwayte. BOARSTALL {St. James), a parish, in the union of Bicester, hundred of Ashendon, county of Bucking- ham, 7i miles (S. S. E.) from Bicester; containing 252 inhabitants. This place formed part of the ancient de- mesnes of the Anglo-Saxon kings, who had a palace here, which was frequently the residence of Edward the Con- fessor, when enjoying the pleasure of the chase in the forest of Bernwood. According to tradition, corroborated by the records of the manor, the forest was at that time infested by a wild boar, which, after committing great depredation, was killed by a hunter named Nigel, to whom the king granted some lands here to be held by the tenure of cornage, or the service of a horn. Nigel erected ^ a spacious manor-house on these lands, which continued in the possession of his descendants till the beginning of the fourteenth century, when the estate was conveyed by marriage to Richard de Handlo, who, in 1322, obtained permission of the king to fortify his man- sion at Boarstall, and convert it into a castle. In the early part of the civil war, Boarstall Castle was gar- risoned for the king, but was evacuated in 1644, and immediately seized by the parliamentarian forces sta- tioned at Aylesbury, from whom it was retaken by Col. Gage, and again garrisoned for the king ; but, after holding out for some time, it was ultimately surrendered to General Fairfax in 1 646. The old mansion was de- molished by the late Sir John Aubrey, and the only part remaining is the gateway tower, which is quadran- gular and defended by embattled turrets at the angles, with portions of the moat by which it was surrounded, and over which is a bridge of two arches, the gateway being secured by massive doors with iron plates and studs. The parish comprises by measurement 2550 acres, of which 100 are woodland, and the rest is divided between arable and pasture. It was formerly a chapelry^in the parish of Oakley, from which it was separated in 1418. The living is a perpetual curacy, annexed to that of Brill ; impropriator. Sir T. D. Aubrey, Bart. The church, erected in 1818 by the late Sir John Aubrey on the site of the former edifice, is a neat building. There are som^ small bequests for the poor, BOBBING (iSt. Bartholomew), S iipSLYish, in the union and hundred of Milton, Upper division of the lathe of B O D H B O D M 83^ acres. The church contains a font of considerable beauty. Two schools are principally supported by the rector and Lord and Lady Grenville. BODDINGTON {St. Mary Magdalene) , a parish, in the union of Tewkesbury, partly in the Lower divi- sion of the hundred of Westminster, and partly in that of the hundred of Tewkesbury, E. division of the county of Gloucester, Sf miles (N. W. by W.) from Cheltenham 5 containing 414 inhabitants. This place i^ distinguished as the scene of the last great battle fought, in 893, between Alfred the Great and the Danes, who, having intrenched themselves, were surrounded by the king with the whole force of his dominions, with the view of reducing them by famine. After having been compelled to eat their horses, many perished from hunger, and the remainder made a desperate sally upon the English 5 a great number fell in the action, but a considerable body effected their escape. The living is annexed to the vicarage of Staverton. BODDINGTON, LOWER and UPPER {St. John THE Baptist) i a parish, in the union of Banbury, hun- dred of Chipping-Warden, S. division of the county of Northampton, Qf miles (S. W. by S.) from Daventry 5 containing 6? 5 inhabitants, of whom 324 are in the lower, and 351 in the upper, division. The parish, situated on the confines of Oxfordshire and Warwick- shire, the three-shire- stone which marks the bounds of the respective counties being at its western extremity, comprises 3020a. 3r. 3 Ip., of which 1721a. 34p. are in Upper, and 1299a. 2r. 37p. in Lower, Boddington 5 the surface is diversified by several elevations, and the soil is in general clayey. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £20, and in the gift of Emanuel College, Cambridge ; net income, £7^7, derived from land. Richard Lamprey, in 1758, gave a tenement for a school-house 5 and the interest of £300, being the amount of different benefactions, is paid to a master for instructing poor children. BODENHAM {St. Michael), a parish (anciently a market-town), in the union of Leominster, hundred of Broxash, county of Hereford, 8| miles (N. N. E.) from Hereford 3 comprising the townships of Bodenham, Bowley, Bryan-Maund, Whitechurch-Maund, and the Moor 3 and containing 1017 inhabitants, of whom 341 are in the township of Bodenham. The parish is inter- sected by the river Lug, and comprises 4974a. 3r. 3p., of which the surface is hilly, and the soil is stiff clay. Walter Devereux, in 1379, obtained permission to hold a market on Tuesday, and a fair on the eve, day, and morrow of the Assumption of Our Lady, but they have been long discontinued. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £12. 1. 6^. 3 net income, £686 3 patron, R. Arkwright, Esq. : the tithes were commuted for land and corn-rents in 1802 : the glebe consists of 469 acres. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans 3 also a small endowed school. Thomas Mason, Esq., in 1773, bequeathed nine acres of land, for the benefit of poor housekeepers. BODENHAM, a tything, in the parish and hundred of Downton, union of Alderbury, Salisbury and Amesbury, and S. divisions of Wilts, 3 miles (S. S. E.) from Salisbury 5 containing, with the chapelry of Nun- ton, 307 inhabitants. BODHAM {Jll Saints), a parish, in the union of Erpingham, hundred of Holt, W. division of Nor- 279 FOLK, 3j miles (E.) from Holt 3 containing 292 inhabit- ants. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9, and in the patronage of Thomas J. T. Mott, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £375. The church, which is in the later English style, consists of a nave and chancel, with a square embattled tower. BODIAM {St. Giles), a parish, in the union of Ticehurst, hundred of Staple, rape of Hastings, E. division of Sussex, 2 miles (S. W.) from Sandhurst, and 12 (S. S. E.) from Lamberhurst 3 comprising 1594 acres, and containing 377 inhabitants. A castle was erected here, in 1386, by Sir Edward Dalyngrudge, which, during the civil war in the reign of Charles I., was dis- mantled by the parliamentarian troops 3 the remains are in some parts tolerably entire, and the whole, though in a dilapidated state, still forms a stately and magnificent pile. The parish is bounded on the south by the river Rother, which is here navigable ; and on the north and north-east, by the county of Kent. The living is a vicarage, endowed with the rectorial tithes, valued in the king’s books at £6. 18. 6^. 3 patron. Sir E. S. Thomas, Bart. The tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £320, and the glebe comprises 10 acres. The church is a neat edifice, in the later English style, with a low square embattled tower. Here is a day and Sunday school. BODICOTT, a chapelry, in the parish of East Adderbury, union of Banbury, hundred of Bloxham, county of Oxford, if mile (S. by E.) from Banbury 3 containing 729 inhabitants. It comprises about 1240 acres 3 the surface is gently undulated, and the scenery generally of pleasing character. The chapel, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, is an ancient structure, in the decorated English style. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists. BODMIN {St. Petrock), a parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Trigg, E. division of Corn- wall 3 containing, with the borough of Bodmin, which possesses separate jurisdic- tion, 4643 inhabitants, of whom 4025 are in the old borough 3 but the parlia- mentary borough under the Reform Act includes within its limits 5901 inhabitants : it is 20f miles (S. W. by W.) from Launceston, and 234§ (W. S. W.) from London, on the western road. This place, in the Cornish language called Bosvenna, the houses on the hill,” and in ancient charters Bos-mana and Bod-minian, the abode of the monks,” owes its origin to a monastery founded by King Athelstan, in 936, on the site of a cell for four brethren, established by St. Petrock, about 518, and which had been pre- viously a solitary hermitage, originally occupied by St. Guron. Historians are widely at variance concerning the claims which Bodmin possesses to the distinction of having been the primary seat of the bishopric of Corn- wall. Dr. Borlase, whose opinion has been entertained by others, states that Edward the Elder, in 905, con- ferred upon it this honour, which it retained till 981, when the town, church, and monastery having been burnt by the Danes, the episcopal chair was removed Corporation Seal. BODM BODM to St. Germans. But this has been strenuously com- bated by Mr. Whitaker, in his work entitled "" The An- cient Cathedral of Cornwall Historically Surveyed,” wherein he shows that the see was founded in 614, and that St. Germans was made the original seat thereof, asserting, on the authority of a grant by King Ethelred, that the monastery of Bodmin was annexed by that monarch, in 994, to the episcopate of St. Germans, and that both places combined to furnish a title to the future prelates until the annexation of the bishopric of Cornwall to that of Crediton, in the county of Devon, in 1031, about twenty years after which Exeter was made the head of the diocese. He refers the Danish conflagration to the monastery of St. Petrock, at Pad- stow, and in this conclusion he is borne out by the flourishing state of the church at Bodmin, as described in Domesday book, wherein its possessions are enume- rated, including 68 houses, with the privilege of a market there. This religious house, under diflPerent renewals of the establishment, the last of which was by one Algar, in 1125, appears to have been successively inhabited by Benedictine monks, nuns, secular priests, monks again, and canons regular of the order of St. Augustine, whose prior, from the circumstance of his possessing a gallows and a pillory, had evidently the power of in- flicting capital punishment. Its revenue, at the Dissolu- tion amounted to £289. 11. H. : the site and demesne were granted to Thomas Steriihold, one of the first translators of the Psalms into English metre. St. Petrock was buried here ; for, says Leland, the shrine and tumbe of St. Petrok yet stondith in thest part of the chirche.” The town appears to have increased rapidly after the Conquest, since the same antiquary describes the market as being lyke a fair for the con- fluence of people,” and enumerates, in addition to the parochial church and the cantuary chapel near it, two other chapels, a house and church of Grey Friars, begun by John of London, a merchant, about 1239, augmented by Edward, Earl of Cornwall, and in the time of Eliza- beth converted into a house of correction for the county^ and two hospitals, dedicated respectively to St. Anthony and St. George, besides the hospital of St. Lawrence, a mile off. Norden also says, It hath been of larger recite then now it is, as appeareth by the ruynes of sundrye buyldings decayde.” William of Worcester, citing the register in the church belonging to the Grey Friars, states that 1500 of the inhabitants died of the plague, about the middle of the fourteenth century. It was one of those decayed towns in the county to repair which an act was passed in the 32nd of Henry VHI. In 1496, Perkin Warbeck, the pretended duke of York, on landing in Cornwall, assembled here a force of 3000 men, with which he marched to attack the city of Exeter 5 and, in 1498, an insurrection of the Cornish men was organized, under the influence of Thomas Flammoc, a lawyer, and Michael Joseph, a farrier, in this town, who, being chosen leaders, conducted the insurgents to Wells, where they were joined by Lord Audley, who placed himself at their head. The rebels continued their march into Kent, and encamped at , Eltham, where, in the battle of Blackheath, they were surrounded by the king’s troops, made prisoners, and dismissed without further punishment 5 but Lord Aud- ley, Flammoc, and Joseph, were executed as ringleaders. During the depression of trade and agriculture, in the 280 reign of Edward VI., the Cornish men, attributing their distresses to the Reformation, assembled at Bodmin to the number of 10,000, under the command of Humphrey Arundel, governor of St. Michael’s Mount, and being countenanced by the inhabitants, encamped at Castle Canyke, near the town. The insurgents marched thence to besiege Exeter, demanding the re-establishment of the mass and the restoration of the abbey lands ; but, after having reduced the inhabitants of that city to extreme privation, they were defeated by Lord Russell, who had been sent with a reinforcement to the relief of the citizens. Subsequently to their dispersion. Sir Anthony Kingston, provost-marshal, who had been sent to Bodmin to punish the insurgents, is said to have hanged the mayor at his own door, after having been hospitably entertained in his house. During the civil war in the reign of Charles I., the town, which had no permanent garrison, was alternately occupied by each party, till, in 1646, General Fairfax finally took posses- sion of it for the parliament. After the Restoration, Charles II. visited the place, on his journey to Scilly, and humorously declared it to be the most polite town through which he had passed, one half of the houses being prostrate, and the remainder uncovered.” The TOWN is situated on a gentle elevation rising out of the vale, between two hills, almost in the centre of the coxinty 3 it consists of several streets, the principal of which is a mile in length 3 it is well paved, and the inhabitants are amply supplied with water. The races, which formerly took place annually after the summer assizes, have been discontinued for several years 3 the course, which is one of the best in England, is about a mile and a half distant. In July an annual procession of the populace, on horseback and on foot, carrying garlands of flowers, was, till lately, made to a place in the vicinity, called Halgaver Moor : this ceremony, the memorial of some ancient festival, was called ‘‘ Bodmin Riding.” The manufacture of bone lace, which formerly flourished, has given place to that of shoes, a great quantity of which is exposed for sale in the neighbouring markets and fairs 3 there are also a large tan -yard and a brewery. A railway has been constructed to Wade- bridge. The market is on Saturday : the fairs are on Jan. 25th, the Saturday preceding Palm-Sunday, the Tuesday and Wednesday before Whitsuntide, July 6th, and Dec. 6th, for horses and horned- cattle 3 large cattle fairs are also held in the hamlet of St. Lawrence, Aug. 21st, and Oct. 29th and 30th. The inhabitants were incorporated in the 12th century, by Richard, Earl of Cornwall 3 and charters were subsequently granted by Edward III., Richard II., Elizabeth, and George HI. By the act of the 5th and 6th of William IV., c. 7d, the corporation now consists of a mayor, four aldermen, and twelve councillors, of whom the mayor and late mayor are justices of the peace, and hold petty-sessions weekly for the borough. The shire-hall is a substantial building of granite, 104 feet long and 56 broad, lately erected by the county, at an expense of £8000, upon a portion of the site of the ancient convent of Grey Friars, and was first opened at the Midsummer sessions of 1838. Nearly adjoining, elegant and commodious lodgings for the accommodation of the judges of assize have been erected by the town council, at an expense of nearly £4000 5 and in consequence of these improvements, both the assizes were, by order of the privy council, July 6th, B O D N B O G N 1838, appointed to be holden at Bodmin, the summer assize only having been previously held here. The quarter-sessions for the county are also held at the place. The elective franchise was conferred in the ^3rd of Edward I., since which time the borough has continued to return two members : the limits of the borough were extended for parliamentary purposes^ in 1832, from 5279 acres to 13,651 5 the mayor is returning officer. The county gaol and house of correction, built in I7SO, on Mr. Howard’s plan, and since greatly enlarged, for the proper classification of prisoners, is a neat and compact building. The LIVING is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13. 6. 8., and in the gift of Lady Basset 3 net income, £283. The church, formerly the conventual church of the monastery, was rebuilt in 1472, and is a spacious structure, chiefly in the later style of English architecture, with a venerable tower on the north side, formerly surmounted by a lofty spire, which was destroyed by lightning in 1699 5 the interior contains some exquisitely carved oak, a large Norman font curiously sculptured, and several interesting monu- ments. Near the altar was a small chapel, taken down in 1776, in wffiich the shrine of St. Petrock was pre- served till the Reformation 5 and at the north side of the chancel is a fine altar-tomb of grey marble, resembling that of Henry VII. in Westminster Abbey, and on which is a recumbent effigy of Prior Vivian, removed from the ancient priory. In the churchyard is a building, sup- posed to have been a chantry chapel, dedicated to St. Thomas, with a crypt underneath • it was used, until a few years since, for the free grammar school, and is at present occupied as a national school for girls. There are places of worship for Bryanites, the Connexion of the Countess of Huntingdon, and Wesleyans. The grammar school was founded by Queen Elizabeth, who endow^ed it with £4. 13. 8. per annum, payable out of the Ex- chequer: no appointment has been made since the death of the late master. The poor law union of Bodmin com- prises 21 parishes or places, and contains a population of 20,800. The county lunatic asylum was built in 1820, at an expense of £15,177, including the furniture ; it is of an octagonal form, consisting of six ranges, each containing two galleries, and affording accommodation to 80 poor patients, and 28 others, who are admitted on terms proportioned to their rank and extent of accommo- dation. About a mile to the west of the town are some remains of the hospital of St. Lawrence, originally en- dowed for nineteen lepers, two sound men and women, and a priest, who were incorporated by Queen Eliza- beth in 1582, from whom they received the grant of a market, now discontinued, and two fairs, still held. There are three intrenchments in the parish, namely, Castle Canyke, the Beacon (near the towm), and one in Dunmere wood ; and above the ford at Nantallon a Roman camp has lately been discovered, in which coins of Vespasian and Trajan, and some pottery have been found. On the north side of the town is a ruined tower, called Berry Tower, 418 feet above the level of the sea 3 it belonged to the chapel of the Holy Rood, and was built in the reign of Henry VII. BODNEY (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of SwAFFHAM, hundred of South Greenhoe, W. division of the county of Norfolk, 9 miles (N. N. E.) from Brandon 5 containing 98 inhabitants. This parish com- VoL. I.— 281 prises 2605a. 18p., of which 1384 are arable, 1177 meadow and pasture, atid 43 woodland and plantations ; much ground is also rabbit-warren. The ancient hall was for some time the retreat of the nuns of Montargis, and of whom Eloise Adelaide de Bourbon, daughter of the Prince de Conde, assumed the veil here in 1805, and is interred at this place. The old Hall has been rebuilt in a handsome style, and is now the residence of S. M. Long, Esq. The living is a discharged rectory, united to that of Great Cressingham, valued in the king’s books at £6. 7. 3|. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £195. The church is a plain thatched build- ing, with an ornamented window, and a wooden belfry. BOGNOR, a market and post town, chapelry, and bathing-place, in the parish of South Bersted, hundred of Aldwick, rape of Chichester, W. division of Sussex, 7 miles (S. E.) from Chichester, and 67 (S. W. by 8.) from London 3 containing 576 inhabitants. This place, anciently called Bogeyior, implying, in the Saxon language, a rocky shore, was, prior to 1790, an insig- nificant village, inhabited only by a few labourers and fishermen 3 but in that year, Sir Richard Hotham, Knt., perceiving the natural advantages wffiich it possessed, erected a handsome villa for his own residence, and several lodging-houses, which he furnished at consider- able expense for the accommodation of visiters. It is chiefly resorted to by persons suffering from pulmonary complaints, and such as dislike the tumult and ex- pense of more populous watering-places 3 it has also been visited by numerous members of the royal family. Bognor is divided into Upper and Lower, the former consisting of several beautiful marine villas, standing in grounds tastefully laid out 3 the latter comprising the town, pleasantly situated near the peninsula of Selsey, on a plain at the foot of the South Down Hills, which shelter it from the north and east winds. TKe parade and drive along the coast have of late years been greatly improved, and extend about two miles, forming a de- lightful promenade, and commanding most extensive sea and land views. The town is paved, macadamized, and supplied with water from pumps 3 and its internal regulation, under a general act of improvement passed in 1835, is vested in a body of commissioners. The warm and cold baths on the Steine are conveniently arranged, and for those who prefer the open sea there are numerous bathing-machines on the beach. There are two subscription libraries 3 and a handsome assem- bly-room, with refreshment and other apartments, was erected in 1837. Races occasionally take place on the sands. Bognor is celebrated for prawns and the silver mullet, great quantities of which are sent to London and Brighton 3 and off the coast are extensive oyster-beds. A large brewery here is noted for its ale 3 and there is a small manufactory for Roman cement, made from the Kidney rock which abounds in the sands. The markets, established within a few years, and for which a market- place has been erected, are on Thursday and Saturday 3 and a fair is held on the 5th and 6th of July. The living is a perpetual curacy ; patron. Archbishop of Canter- bury 3 net income, £107, with a good residence. The chapel, dedicated to St. John, is a neat building, with an embattled tower at the east end, and was consecrated in 1822. There are places of worship for Independents and Weslevans. ^^The Jubilee school,” for the instruc- tion of 50 girls, who are also partly clothed, was founded 3 O BOL A BOLD by tbe late Princess Charlotte, and is in connexion with the National Society 5 and a lying-in institution, a cloth- ing charity fund, a friendly society, and a garden allot- ment society, have been also established. In opening the rocks various fossils have been discovered ; beautiful agates and pebbles, and, after storms and high tides, pyrites are found in profusion on the beach. BOLAM, a township, in the parish of Gainford, union of Auckland, S. W. division of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Durham, 5 miles (S, by W.) from Bishop- Auckland ^ containing 119 inhabitants. This place is situated on a lofty ridge of limestone, commanding an extensive prospect to the south and west j and comprises 950 acres, of which 500 are arable, 438 grass land, and 12 wood 3 the soil, with a trifling exception of cold clay, is fertile and productive. The township is remarkable for a whinstone dyke, which proves itself to be of later formation than the coal-field through which it runs, as the coal is, on both sides of the stone where they have come in contact, converted into cinders : quarries are worked, supplying a material for the repair of roads. The rectorial tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £62. 10. 11., payable to Trinity College, Cambridge, and the vicarial for £46. 10. A chapel has been recently erected. Wil- liam Garth, father of the celebrated Sir Samud, phy- sician and poet, was a landowner in the place ; and the name of the family occurs twice in the parochial register of Gainford in the year 1747. BOLAM {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union, and partly in the W. division, of Castle ward, but chiefly in the W. division of Morpeth ward, and N. E. division of Tindale ward, N. and S. divisions of Northumber- land 3 comprising the townships of Trewick, Bolam, Bolam-Vicarage, Gallow-Hill, Belsay, Bradford, Harn- ham, and Shortflatt 3 and containing 603 inhabitants, of whom 66 are in the township of Bolam, and 17 in that of Bolam-Vicarage, 9^ miles (W. S. W.) from Mor- peth. The place derives its name from being situated on a hoi, or high swell of land. The manor was granted to Sir Gilbert de Bolam by King John, but in the time of Henry III. it w^as held by the son of Sir Walter de Bolam, and John and James de Calcey 3 and a mediety of it was afterwards the property of the Raymes’ family : it subsequently became that of the Horsleys, whose heiress, in 1809j, carried it in marriage to the present Lord Decies. The old town of Bolam had its grant of a market and fair from Edward I., and consisted of a castle, a church, and two rows of houses running from east to west, and is traditionally said to have had a population of 900 persons : the tower of the castle was standing some years since 5 and on the commanding hill near Bolam House, the seat of Lord Decies, where it stood, are intrenchments of a period anterior to the Conquest. The parish comprises upwards of 7000 acres, of which 1116 are in the township of Bolam 3 a large portion of the soil is a dark earth, resting on clay, and there are fine portions of a sandy loam, with a substratum of freestone, and also coal and limestone 3 in the township of Bolam, a great part is rich grass land, interspersed with many thriving plantations, and a small but pictu- resque lake has been formed by the noble owner. The LIVING is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 4., and in the patronage of the Crown 3 impro- 282 priators in trust, the Mayor and Corporation of New- castle-upon-Tyne : the great tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £247. 3. 8., and the vicarial for £72. 10. 6. 3 the glebe consists of about 130 acres. The township of Bolam-Vicarage comprises only the glebe land, lying on the eastern side of the church 5 the impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £5. 3. 6., and the vicarial for £5. 13. 9.^ The church, which is of the Norman style, is an ancient and rude structure. A branch of the Watling- street called the Devil’s Causeway,” may be distinctly traced about a mile westward, near which are two large barrows, and a stone pillar of rude form, with a tumulus, which, on being opened, was found to contain a stone coffin. On an intrenched rock, on the north-eastern side of Bolam moor, is a circular British camp. BOL AS, GREAT {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Wellington, Newport division of the hundred of South Bradford, N. division of Salop, 7 miles (N.) from Wellington 3 containing 288 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the road from Wel- lington to Drayton, comprises by measurement 1845 acres 3 the surface is pleasingly varied, and watered by the rivers Mees and Terne, which add greatly to the fertility of the soil and beauty of the scenery 3 there are two quarries of red sandstone, used for building. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 9.4|., and in the patronage of Lord Hill : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £330, and there are about 49 acres of glebe. The church is a plain neat edifice, of comparatively modern erection, and in good repair. A school is supported by the incumbent. BOLD, a township, in the parish and union of Prescot, hundred of West Derby, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 4 | miles (E. S. E.) from Prescot 3 containing 712 inhabitants. The present elegant mansion of Bold Hall was built after a design by Leoni 3 and the old Hall, a curious edifice, is now the farm-house belonging to it. The family of Bold resided here pre- viously to the Conquest, and preserved an uninterrupted succession of male heirs down to the death of Peter Bold, Esq., parliamentary representative for the county, who died in I76I. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £335. I7. 4., payable to Trinity College, Cambridge, and the vicarial, for one of £117. 19. 5. Two small schools are supported by Lady B. Hoghton. The Rev. Richard Barnes, promoted to the see of Carlisle in 1570, and to that of Durham in 1577 } and his brother, John Barnes, the chancellor, were natives of the place. BOLD, a chapelry, in the parish of Aston- Botte- RELL, union of Cleobury-Mortimer, hundred of Stottesden, S. division of Salop, 8^ miles (N. N. W.) from Cleobury-Mortimer. The chapel is in ruins. BOLDON {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of South Shields, E. division of Chester ward, N. division of the county of Durham, 4 § miles (N. W.) from Sunderland 3 comprising the rustic villages of East and West Boldon, and containing 915 inhabitants. The manor has been annexed, time immemorially, to the see of Durham, and gave name to a survey of the possessions of the bishopric, made in 1184, and called Boldon Buke,” it being the first manor which occurs in that record, and on account of the numerous references in it to the services in this district. On Boldon hills, in the BOLD B O L I spring of 1644-5^ some severe conflicts occurred between the army under the command of the Marquess of New- castle, and the Scots, who then held Sunderland. The parish is situated on the road from Newcastle to Sun- derland, and contains by measurement 3700 acres, of which two-thirds are arable, and one-third grass land : in the valleys the soil is clay •, the views from the higher grounds are fine and extensive, and the air is remarkable for its salubrity : the district abounds with limestone. The Shields and Pontop railroad, and the Brandling Junction railroad, run through the parish. There are several highly respectable mansions, among which are, the seat of Thomas Metcalfe, Esq. j the mansion of J. T. Wawn, Esq., M. P. j the rectory-house 3 and Scotch House, the property and residence of Thomas Wilkin- son, Esq. The living of the parish of Boldon is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £24. 13. 4., and in the patronage of the Bishop of Durham : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £539. 10., and there are 148 acres of glebe. The church, which is in West Boldon, is an ancient and very neat fabric, with a spiral tower, and with octagonal pillars and pointed arches ^ it stands on high ground, and the prospect from the churchyard extends over the whole of the level country to the northward,, the lower vale of Tyne, and the rising grounds in Northumberland. At East Boldon is a parochial chapel. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. The Rev. Henry Blacket, who died rector, in 1808, gave the interest of £200, in the 3| per cents., for the education of children, for which purpose a house was built in 1810 5 and another school for girls is partly supported by the rector. Ralph Harrison, Esq., in 1687, left £5. 17. per annum for the benefit of the poor of the place. BOLD RE (St. John), a parish, in the union of Lymington, partly in the E. division of the hundred of New Forest, and partly in the hundred of Christ- church, Lymington and S. divisions of the county of Southampton, 2 miles (N.) from Lymington 3 including the South Baddesley, and the tythings of Battramsx^T/^^^lley with Warborne, Sway, and Wal- hampton 5 and containing 2888 inhabitants. This place, in the Domesday survey named Bovreford, or the ford for cattle, comprises by computation 6000 acres, and is separated from Lymington by the river and Boldre water. The living is a discharged vicarage, with Ly- mington and Brackenhurst annexed, valued in the king’s books at £123 net income, £394 3 patron, J. B. Shrubb, Esq. 3 impropriators, Joseph Weld, Esq., and others. The tithes were commuted for land and a money pay- ment in 1811. The church, occupying an elevated site commanding an extensive prospect of great beauty and variety, is a very ancient and irregular edifice, with alow square embattled tower, singularly placed at the south- eastern part of the structure, and partially rebuilt in 1697. At Baddesley is a small chapel of ease, of modern architecture, erected and endowed by the Worsley family. A district church was built in Sway tything, in 1837, by subscription, with assistance from the Diocesan Society 3 and another, of plain design, was erected in 1839, by the same means. There is a place of worship for Parti- cular Baptists. A school, for instructing and clothing 20 poor boys and 20 girls, was founded at Pilley, in the parish, by the Rev. William Gilpin, vicar, celebrated for his intense feeling and accurate delineation of natural 283 beauty, and especially of that of forest scenery : he was born at Scaleby Castle, in Cumberland, about the year 1724, and reckoned among his ancestors the amiable reformer, Bernard Gilpin 3 he died here, April 5th, 1804. BOLDRON, a township, in the parish of Bowes, union of Teesdale, wapentake of Gilling-West, N. riding of York, 2 miles (S. W. by S.) from Barnard- Castle 3 containing I69 inhabitants. It lies in the manor and constablewick of Bowes, and comprises by compu- tation 1340 acres. The road from Brough to Barnard- Castle passes north of the village. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £80. A national school, a branch of the endowed school at Bowes, is partly supported by an allowance of £10 per annum from the trustees. BOLE (St. Martin), a parish, in the union of Gainsborough, North-Clay division of the wapentake of Bassetlaw, N. division of the county of Notting- ham, 3 i miles (S. W. by S.) from Gainsborough 3 con- taining 191 inhabitants. It comprises about 1460 acres of land, of which the soil is a strong clay, producing excellent red wheat, and the surface flat and liable to inundations from the river Trent, which divides the parish from the county of Lincoln. The Bole ferry is now a mile distant from the village, the river, about twenty years ago, having formed a new course, by which a part of the parish of Lea, in Lincolnshire, is now locally in Nottinghamshire. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £4. 13 . 4. 3 net income, £84 3 patron and impropriator. Prebendary of Bole in the Cathedral of York : there are 20 acres of glebe. The church is a small ancient structure, and has a handsome pinnacled tov/er with three bells. BOLEHALL, with Glascote, a township, in the parish and union of Tamworth, Tamworth division of the hundred of Hemlingford, N. division of the county of Warwick, 1 mile (S. S. E.) from Tamworth 3 containing 495 inhabitants, and comprising 1193 acres. The road from Atherstone to Tamworth crosses the township, which is also intersected by the Coventry canal and the Derby Junction railway. BOLINGBROKE {St. Peter and St. Paul), a market-town and parish, in the union of Spilsby, W. division of the soke of Bolin gbroke, parts of Lind- sey, county of Lincoln, 30 miles (E. S. E.) from Lin- coln, and 129 (N.) from London 5 containing 919 inhabitants. A castle was built by William de Romara, Earl of Lincoln, of which his descendant, Alicia de Lacey, was dispossessed by Edward II. Henry IV. was born in this fortress, and from it took the name of Henry of Bolingbroke : it was nearly demolished in the civil wars, the south-west tower being all that remains. At this period also the church suffered so considerably, that it was almost reduced to a ruin 3 one aisle of it only has been rebuilt, at the corner of which is a low tower. Bolingbroke is pleasantly situated in a wide and pleasant valley, near the source of a small river which runs into the Witham : the public road, formerly passing through the town to Spilsby, has been superseded by a new line about two miles distant, which ascends Keal Hill. There is a manufactory for earthenware. The market, formerly held on Tuesday, has been discontinued, but a fair is still held on St. Peter’s-day. The town is within the jurisdiction of a 2 0 2 BOLN B O L S court of requests, for the recovery of debts under £5, which extends through the soke, and is held under an act passed in the 47th of George III. The living is a discharged rectory, to which that of Hareby was united in 1739, valued in the king’s books at £9. 19. 2., and in the gift of Charles Bosanquet, Esq. : the glebe con- sists of 345 acres, the income of which amounts to £456 3 and an excellent parsonage-house has lately been built, at a cost of £2000, by Mr. Bosanquet. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans3 also a free school, with a trifling endowment in lands. The village and district of New Bolingbroke have lately risen up on lands in the fen belonging to Bolingbroke 3 a curate has been appointed by the rector. BOLLEN-FEE, a township, in the parish of Wilms- low, union of Altrincham, hundred of Maccles- field, N. division of the county of Chester, 6 miles (S. W.) from Stockport 3 containing, with the township of Chorley, 2212 inhabitants. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £37B, and there is a glebe of £71 acres. A national school is supported partly by the rector. BOLLINGTON, a township, partly in the parish of Rosthern, but chiefly in that of Bowdon, union of Altrincham, hundred of Bucklow, N. division of the county of Chester, 5j miles (N. by W.) from Nether Knutsford 3 containing 316 inhabitants. The tithes, of that portion of the township in the parish of Bowdon, have been commuted for rent-charges amounting to £45, of which £30 are payable to the Bishop of Chester, and £15 to the vicar of Bowdon. At a place called Pump hill is a tumulus, in which human bones have been found. BOLLINGTON, a township, in the parish of Prest- BURY, union and hundred of Macclesfield, N. division of the county of Chester, 2| miles (N. by E.) from Macclesfield 3 containing 4350 inhabitants. The village on the banks of a small stream, called the Bolling, . which its name is derived. For more than twenty yea.^t has been exceedingly prosperous: there are some co\on and silk factories, and collieries 3 and at Kerridge Hill, which is partly in this township and partly in that of Rainow, are quarries of freestone and slate, worked to a considerable extent, the produce being chiefly sent to the neighbouring towns. The Macclesfield canal passes through the township. A district church, dedicated to St. John, erected by grant from the Parliamentary Commissioners, was consecrated July 7th, 1834 : the living, which is a perpetual cu'racy, was augmented in 1842 with £96 per annum, by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The Wesley ans have a meeting-house. BOLLOM, a hamlet, in the parish of Clare- BOROUGH, union of East Retford, North-Clay divi- sion of the wapentake of Bassetlaw, N. division of the county of Nottingham 3 containing 103 inhabitants. BOLNEY, a hamlet, in the parish of Harpsden, union of Henley, hundred of Binfield, county of Oxford, 2 miles (S. S. E.) from Henley-upon-Thames. It was formerly a parish, but the church having become a ruin, the living has been united to the rectory of Harpsden. BOLNEY (St, Mary Magdalene), a parish, in the union of -Cuckfield, partly in the hundred of But- TiNGHiLL, but chiefly in the half-hundred of Wyndham, 284 rape of Lewes, E. division of Sussex, 3j miles (W. S. W.) from Cuckfield 3 containing 713 inhabitants. The Lon- don and Brighton road, by way of Hixted, passes through the parish, within half a mile of the village. The land is chiefly arable and pasture, with a tract of wood, forming part of the forest of St. Leonard 3 it is generally poor, being a thin soil over sandstone, but in some places there is a good stiff clay. Sandstone abounds, and iron-ore is found. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 5. 2^. 3 patron, Prebendary of Hove in the Cathe- dral of Chichester 3 impropriators, W. and C. Marshall, Esqrs. 3 net income, £162. A national school was erected in 1838. BOLNHURST (St, Dunstan), a parish, in the hundred of Stodden, union and county of Bedford, 7 miles (N. by E.) from Bedford, on the road to Kimbolton 3 containing 344 inhabitants. It com- prises 2166a. 3r. 13p., of which the surface is undu- lated, and the soil a stiff cold clay. The living is a rectory, endowed with only one-third of the tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £9 5 net income, £159 j patron. Rev. H. W. Gery 5 impropriators of the remaining two-thirds of the tithes, Capt. Duberly and others. A free school, founded by the Rev. Mr. Baker, in 1749, has an endowment of £12 per annum. BOLSOVER (St. Mary), a parish (formerly a mar- ket-town), in the union of Chesterfield, hundred of Scarsdale, N. division of the county of Derby, 28| miles (N. N. E.) from Derby, and 145^ (N. by W.) from London 3 containing, wdth the hamlets of Glap- well, Ockley, Whaley, Oxcroft, Stanfree, Shuttlewood, Woodside, and Woodhouse, 1512 inhabitants. This place, called Belesoure prior to the Conquest, was noted for a castle, erected immediately after by William Peveril, who obtained the grant of several manors in England. The castle, which was remarkably strong, after, the extinction of the Peveril family, became a royal fortress, and sustained a siege in the war of the barons, by whom, together wdth the castle of the Peak, it was garrisoned against King John. In 1215, William, Earl of Ferrers, retook both these castles from the barons, and was made governor of them, as a reward for his fidelity. In the reign of Henry VII. the castle became the property of the Earl of Shrewsbury, and in that of Elizabeth was given to his step-son. Sir Charles Caven- dish, who rebuilt the greater portion of it, and erected a magnificent suite of state apartments on the site of the original Norman structure which had become ruinous 3 and his eldest son, William, afterwards Duke of New- castle, erected the spacious riding-house, and the long range of buildings, now in ruins, which crown the beautiful terrace. In these stately and splendid halls he thrice entertained Charles I. and his court, and upon one occasion, when the queen was present, expended £15,000. During the civil war, while the duke was abroad, the castle sustained a siege, and, after being defended for some lime by the Marquess of Newcastle, surrendered to the parliamentarians, from whom it was purchased by Sir Charles, the duke’s younger brother 3 it occupies a lofty eminence commanding an extensive pro- spect. The town is large and well built, and is pleasantly situated on rising ground, environed on every side, ex- cept where the ground forms a natural rampart, with a deep intrenchment. It is within the jurisdiction of the BOLT BOLT court for the honour of Peveril, held at Lenton, near Nottingham : a court leet belonging to the lord of the manor is held every third week, for the recovery of debts under 40s. 3 and there is a fair on Midsummer- day. The parish comprises about 5000 acres, and there are quarries of excellent building-stone, which is par- tially raised for the erection of the new houses of parliament, London. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in ' the king’s books at £5. 19. 4. 5 net income, £111 ^ patron and impropriator, Duke of Portland. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 177S. The church is a spacious structure, having portions in the Norman, intermixed with the later English, style, and many modern in- sertions ; within is a sepulchral chapel belonging to the Cavendish family, in which are some splendid monu- ments. There are places of worship for Independents and Wesley ans. A schoolroom was erected in 1756, by the Countess of Oxford j and in I76I, Mrs. Smith- son bequeathed £200 for portioning young women with £25 each, directing the overplus to be given to the poor. There is a ferruginous spring at the nunnery in this parish 5 and partly inclosing the town is a circular mound, supposed to have been a Danish camp. BOLSTERSTONE,. a chapelry, in the parish of Ecclesfield, union of Wortley, N. division of the wapentake of Strafforth and Tickhill, W. riding of York, miles (N. W. by N.) from Sheffield. This place is in the district of Hallamshire, and is bounded on the south-south-west by the river Euden, on the north-north- west by the Porter, and on the east by the Don 5 the land is chiefly arable, and the soil of various qualities. A thin seam of coal is now wrought, employing about 100 hands 3 as is also a quarry of fire- stone, of a peculiar kind, which employs a few hands more. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patron- age of the Trustees of J. Remington, Esq., with a net income of £119: the chapel is a plain square edifice, rebuilt in 1791, at a cost of nearly £600, raised by subscription. There is a place of worship for dissenters. A national school has an endowment of about £50 per annum, and a house for the master, bequeathed by John Hodgkinson in 1780. BOLSTONE, a parish, in the Upper division of the hundred of Wormelow, union and county of Here- ford, 6 miles (S. S. E.) from Hereford 5 containing 83 inhabitants. On the east the parish is partly bounded by the river Wye 5 and it consists of 540 acres, with a soil of average fertility, and the surface is extremely well wooded. The living is annexed to the vicarage of Holm-Lacy : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £85. BOLTBY, a chapelry, in the parish of Felix-Kirk, union of Thirsk, wapentake of Birdforth, N. riding of York, 4 f miles (N. E.) from Thirsk 3 containing 320 inhabitants. The township, which forms the manor of Ravensthorpe, comprises by computation 3600 acres of land 3 the village is situated in a picturesque vale at the foot of the Hamilton hills. The chapel is dedicated to the Holy Trinity. There is a school, to the master of which £5 are allowed annually by the devisees of the late Edward Manners, Esq. BOLTON (j^LL Saints), a parish, in the union of WiGTON, Allerdale Ward below Derwent, W. division of Cumberland, 1 | mile (N. by W.) from Ireby3 con- 285 taining 1211 inhabitants, of whom 312 are in High- Side, and 899 in Low-Side. It abounds with coal and limestone, which are worked to a considerable extent. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s, books at £19. 18. 4.3 net income, £512 3 patron, Earl of Lons- dale. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A copper battle-axe was lately found in the moss at Bolton wood, four feet below the surface. BOLTON, a chapelry, in the parish of Edlingham, union of Alnwick, N, division of Coquetdale ward and of Northumberland, 6^ miles (W.) from Alnwick 3 containing 128 inhabitants. It is memorable as the scene of a meeting which occurred, in 1209, between John, King of England, and William, King of Scotland, who proceeded in company from this village to Norham, where they conferred upon matters affecting their respective interests 3 and on the 5th of Sept., in the 5th of Henry VHI., a short time previously to the battle of Branxton, a congress was held here, at which several noblemen and other distinguished persons, with a train of about 26,000 troops, were present. An hospital for a master, three chaplains, thirteen lepers, and other lay brethren, was founded and endowed prior to 1225, by Robert de Roos, Baron of Wark, in honour of St. Thomas the Martyr, or the Holy Trinity, and made subordinate to the abbey of Rivaulx, and the priory of Kirkham, in Yorkshire. Several stone chests and urns, containing ashes, charcoal, and fragments of human bones, together with a celt, have been dis- covered at a short distance from the place. BOLTON, a chapelry, in the parish of Morland, West ward and union, county of Westmorland, 4 miles (N. W. by W.) from Appleby 3 containing 383 inhabitants. About a mile north of the village, an iron bridge, thirty yards in length, w^as constructed across the Eden, at the expense of the landowmers on both sides of the river, in 181 6. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £ 6 l 3 patron, Vicar of Morland: the tithes were commuted for land in 1808. The chapel is dedicated to All Saints, and a grant of £100 was, a few years since, assigned by the Incorporated Society towards re-building it on a more extended plan. A meeting-house for Methodists was built in 1818 3 and a free school is endow^ed with £13 per annum. BOLTON, a township, in the parish of Bishop- WiLTON, union of Pocklington, Wilton-Beacon divi- sion of the wapentake of Harthill, E. riding of York, 2f miles (N. W.) from Pocklington 5 containing 98 in- habitants. It comprises 96O acres by computation 3 and has a neat and pleasant village seated on a gentle accli- vity. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £41. 4. 6., and the impropriate for one of £6. 2. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BOLTON, a township, in the parish of Calverley, union of Bradford, wapentake of Morley, W. riding of York, mile (N. N. E.) from Bradford 3 contain- ing 683 inhabitants. This township, including the ham- lets of Hodgsonfold, Lowfold, and Outlanes, with part of the hamlet of Undercliffe, comprises by measurement 699 acres 3 the surface is varied, and the scenery of pleasing character. Bolton House, the seat of John Hustler, Esq., is finely situated, commanding extensive views of the surrounding country 3 and Hollin Close, the handsome residence of George Thompson Lister, Esq., is surrounded with beautifully picturesque and BOLT BOLT romantic scenery. There are quarries of slate and flag" stone in full operation 5 and the Bradford canal passes through the township. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BOLTON ABBEY, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Skipton, E. division of the wapentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 6 miles (E. N. E.) from Skipton 3 the township of Bolton Abbey containing 19>7 inhabitants. This place derives its name from its magnificent abbey of canons regular of the order of St. Augustine, founded originally at Embsay, in 1121 , and dedicated to the Virgin Mary and St. Cuth- bert, by William de Mescbines and Cecilia his wife, and removed to this place, about the year 1151, by their daughter and heiress Adeliza, who had married William Fitz-Duncan, nephew of the king of Scotland. The esta- blishment continued to flourish till the Dissolution, when its revenues were estimated at £302. 9. 3. : the demesnes were granted to Henry Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, from whose descendants it passed by marriage, in 1635, to Richard, second earl of Cork and first earl of Bur- lington. The estates continued in the Burlington fa- mily till the year 1748, when they were conveyed by Charlotte, daughter and heiress of the third earl, by marriage to the Duke of Devonshire, ancestor of the present proprietor. Of this once stately and magnifi- cent structure the nave alone is perfect, and, from the period of its dissolution, has been appropriated as a parochial chapel 3 the north and south transepts and the choir are now in ruins. The choir, which is the most ancient part of the church, is in the Norman style of architecture, with later insertions 3 the walls in the lower part are ornamented with series of interesting arches and columns with enriched capitals 3 the windows, of later date, and apparently altered from the original openings, are in the decorated English style, and the east window, of magnificent design, was beautifully en- riched with delicate tracery, now much broken and de- faced : at the eastern extremity of the south side were four elegant sedilia, since greatly mutilated, and against the south wall a tomb, supposed to be that of Lord John Clifford, who was killed at the battle of Meaux, in France 3 on the north side of the high altar is a mural monument to Lady Margaret Neville, and in the south transept has been recently discovered a tomb with the inscription, Hie jacet Xtopherus Wode qudm por” There are some remains of the conventual buildings, part of which has been fitted up for the temporary use of the Duke of Devonshire, who occasionally visits the place during the grouse season. The township comprises by computation 3000 acres, situated in the vale of the river Wharfe, which pursues its varied course through a district abounding with scenery of magnificent and romantic character, combin- ing features of intense interest, among which the vene- rable remains of the abbey are conspicuous. The accli- vities which inclose the vale are in some parts richly wooded 3 and in others, masses of rugged rock rise precipitously from the margin of the river, which flows almost under the east window of the abbey 3 towards the nort\ of the ruins is a fine verdant expanse of level lawn, studded at intervals with clusters of elm and ash of stately growth, skirted by a thick wood of oak 3 interspersed with protruding rocks of barren aspect. In the distance are the venerable groves of Bolton Park, 286 beyond which are seen the craggy heights of Simonseat and Bardon Fell, finely contrasting with the softer beau- ties of the luxuriant vale, which, gradually contracting its limits, scarcely affords a passage for the Wharfe, be^- tween the densely wooded banks, which overhang its stream : in this part of the vale is a beautifully pic- turesque cascade, formed by a tributary of the Wharfe, descending from a rocky glen into the fiver, near its disappearance in the deep cleft of a rock, which ob- structs its course. The road leading from Skipton to Harrogate passes at the distance of about half a mile from the abbey. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £111 3 patron, the Duke of Devonshire. The free grammar school was founded in 1697^ by the Hon- ourable Robert Boyle, who endowed it with a rent- charge of £ 20 , and other property, making in the aggre- gate an income of £100 3 the master has a good house and garden, and an annual sum of £5, for teaching writing and arithmetic. At Hazlewood is a school, founded by Sylvester Petyt, Esq., late of Barnard’ s-Inn, London, a native of the village of Storiths, who be- queathed a sum of money for the endowment of the school, the assistance of poor relatives, and the placing" of children as apprentices 3 for these purposes, his trustees pay annually £111, of which £25 are received by the master of the school, who has also a good house and garden 3 £5 by the librarian at Skipton church, to which Mr. Petyt bequeathed a valuable library 3 and the remainder is appropriated to the apprenticing of ten poor children, and the relief of poor relatives. BOLTON-BY-BOWLAND (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Clitheroe, wapentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 3^ miles (W.) from Gisburn, and 15 (W. by S.) from Skipton 3 containing 993 inhabitants. This place was anciently owned by the Pudsey family of Bolton Hall, of whom Sir Ralph Pudsey afforded to Henry VI. an hospitable asylum in his mansion after his defeat at the battle of Hexham. The manor was subsequently purchased by the late John Bolton, Esq., of Liverpool, for £42,000, and is now the property of Mrs. Anthony Littledale. The parish com- prises by computation 4940 acres 3 the lands are mostly in good cultivation, and the prevailing scenery is pleas- ingly diversified. Bolton Hall, the seat of Mrs. Little- dale, is an ancient mansion, beautifully situated in an extensive and tastefully embellished demesne 3 and in one of the apartments, a pair of boots, a pair of gloves, and a spoon left there by Henry VI., are carefully pre- served. The village stands on one of the tributary streams flowing into the river Ribble, and a large fair, chiefly for cattle, is held there on the 28th of June and tw’o following days. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 13. 4., and in the patronage of Mrs. Littledale : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £335, and the glebe comprises 100 acres, with a good house. The church is a venerable structure, in the later English style, with a square embattled tower, and contains a monument to Sir Ralph Pudsey, with a slab of grey Craven limestone, on which are sculptured, in bold relief, the effigies of himself, his three wives, and twenty -five children. There is a place of worship for Independents. A boys’ school was endowed by Mr. Ralph Parker, of Hungrill, with 46a. 3r. 29/?. of land, and a yearly sum of £3. 9. 6. 3 and a girls’ school, by Mrs. Bridget Pudsey, with £ 100 , and by Mr. Charles BOLT BOLT Dawson with £40, and a house and garden j this money has accumulated to £250, and is now invested in the three per cent, consols. About £15, arising from va- rious sources, are annually distributed among the poor on St. Thomas’s-day. There is a spring at Fooden, of which the water is strongly impregnated with sulphur 3 and at Holden is a picturesque cascade. BOLTON-CASTLE, a chapelry, in the parish of Wensley, union of Leyburn, wapentake of Hang- West, N. riding of York, miles (N. W. by W.) from Middleham ; containing 230 inhabitants. On the brow of a hill are the ruins of a castle, built by Richard, Lord Scrope, chancellor of England in the reign of Richard II., and endowed with £106. 15. 4. per annum, for a chantry of six chaplains. Mary, Queen of Scots, was kept a prisoner here for about two years, and was re- moved hence to Tutbury in 15695 inscribed her name on a pane of glass> which was removed to Bolton Hall a few years since. During the parliamentary war, the castle was defended for the king by Colonel Scrope, and a party of the Richmondshire militia, and sustained a pressing siege, which terminated in its surrender to the insurgents in 1645. The north-eastern tower fell down in 1761, and the eastern and northern sides are entirely in ruins 3 the west front is in good repair. The living is a perpetual curacy, with that of Redmire an- nexed 5 net income, £115 5 patron. Rector of Wensley. The chapel is dedicated to St. Oswald. A small endow- ment in land was bequeathed by the Rev. Thomas Baynes in 1725, for the instruction of poor children. Town Seal. BOLTON-LE-MOORS (St. Peter), a parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lancaster; comprising the borough and market-town of Bolton, the chapelries of Blackrod, Little Bolton, Bradshaw, Harwood, Little Lever, and Turton, and the townships of Anglezarke, Great Bolton, Breightmet, Edgew^orth,Entwistle, Darcy- Lever, Longworth, Lostock, Quarlton, Rivington, Sharpies, and Tonge with Haulgh ; and containing 73, 905 inhabitants, of whom 33,610 are in Great, and 16,153 in Little, Bolton, 43 miles (S. S. E.) from Lancaster, and 197 (N. W. by N.) from London. This place, which derives the adjunct to its name from its situation on the moors, was of little importance prior to 1337^ when the emigrant Flemings, who fixed their residence here, introduced the manufacture of wmollen- cloth, and laid the foundation of its future increase as a manufacturing town ; and after the revocation of the edict of Nantz many of the French refugees, attracted by the means of employment which its trade at that time afforded, took up their abode in the town. At the commencement of the civil war in the reign of Charles I., the inhabitants espoused the cause of the parliament, by whom the town was garrisoned, and in whose posses- sion it remaAed till 1644, when Prince Rupert, advan- cing with 10,000 men to the relief of Latham House, which was besieged by a body of 2000 parliamentary troops, compelled them to^ raise the siege, and retire into this town. Being joined by the Earl of Derby from the 287 Isle of Man, the prince assembled his forces on the moor, to the south- w^est of the town, and there held a council of war, at which it was. resolved to carry the place by storm. Pursuant to this, an assault was made with great spirit and bravery, which, however, was met by equal intrepidity from the garrison, now consisting of 3000 men ; and the assailants, after performing nume- rous acts of valour, were compelled to retreat, with the loss of 200 of their force. A second, council of war was then convened, and a second attack determined upon, which, at his earnest request, was entrusted to the Earl of Derby : this loyal nobleman, placing himself at the head of a gallant band of only 200 Lancashire men, principally his own tenantry and their sons, led on the van, by marching directly to the walls, where the conflict was for some time carried on with desperate valour on both sides ; but the Earl, bearing down all opposition, entered the town, and put the whole garrison into the utmost consternation. The royalists pursued the enemy in every direction, killing all whom they encountered, and at last plundered the town, which remained for some time in their possession, but was ultimately given up to the parliament. After the disastrous battle of Worces- ter, the gallant earl, who had come from the Isle of Man to the assistance of Charles II., being taken prisoner, was condemned by a military tribunal at Chester, and sent under an escort to this place, where he was be- headed. The manor of Bolton, which is of considerable antiquity, was alienated by Roger de Maresey, with his other lands between the rivers Ribble and Mersey, to Ranulph de Blundeville, Earl of Chester, for 240 marks of silver, and a pair of white gloves, to be presented annually at Easter : it afterwards passed through the families of Ferrers and Pilkington, and was confiscated to the crown on the attainder of Sir Thomas Pilkington,. in the 1st of Henry VII. for his adherence to the cause of Richard III., at the battle of Bosworth Field. Henry granted it to his relation, Thomas, Lord Stanley, then created Earl of Derby; but a considerable portion of the property having been confiscated by parliament, during the period of the Commonwealth, the manor of Bolton is at present held, in unequal proportions, by five lords. The TOWN, comprising the townships of Great and Little Bolton, which are separated by the rivulet Croal,. has been greatly enlarged, under an act of parliament obtained in 1792, for inclosing Bolton Moor, of which more than 250 acres were divided into allotments, a por- tion of whick is occupied with buildings. The powers of the commissioners appointed under that act were ex- tended by an act in 1817, since which time three spacious^ squares, several ranges of buildings, and a few public edifices^ have been erected ; 428 houses in Great Bolton, and 196 in Little Bolton, were built during the year 1823, and considerable improvement has been made in the roads leading to the town. It is lighted with gas by a company incorporated in 1820, and the inhabitants are supplied with excellent water, brought from a dis- tance of a mile and a half, by earthenware pipes, into a ^ reservoir, which occupies a space of 22 acres, whence it is conveyed' by an iron main of 13’ inches diameter to the various parts of the town : this undertaking was effected at an expense of £40^000, subscribed in shares of £50 each, by a company, established in 1824, for whose use a handsome stone building has been erected. BOLT BOLT in front of which is an emblematical tablet representing a Naiad seated by a fountain, pouring water from a ewer to a thirsty child. The theatre is regularly open during the season 5 a new assembly-room was erected a few years since, in which also concerts take place occasionally j and there are three public libraries. The Exchange Buildings, erected in 1825, is a neat edifice of stone, with two Ionic columns at the entrance ; the Ipwer room, which is of ample dimensions, is appro- priated to the transaction of general business, and fitted up as a news-room 5 the upper part contains a library and reading-rooms. A mechanics’ institute was estab- lished in 1825 j and temporary barracks have been provided for the accommodation of two companies of infantry. The principal branch of manufacture, and to the in- troduction of which Bolton owes its present extent and importance, is that of cotton, in the improvement of which many ingenious and valuable discoveries origin- ated in this town. Sir Richard Arkwright, a resident here, after he had established his works at Derby and Nottingham, brought the spinning-jenny and the water- frame machines to perfection 5 and Samuel Crompton, who was also an inhabitant of Bolton, invented a machine called the mule, combining the properties of both, for which, after receiving two several donations of £105 and £400, subscribed as acknowledgments of his merit, he was ultimately remunerated by parliament with a grant of £5000. Previously to the introduction of the cotton trade, some weavers, who arrived in this country from the palatinate of the Rhine, had added to the manufacture of woollen-cloth that of a fabric, partly composed of linen-yarn, chiefly imported from Germany, and partly of cotton. The chief articles were fustian, jean, and thickset : velvet, entirely of cotton, w^as first made here in 1756, and muslin, quilting, and dimity succeeded. After the introduction of the improved machinery, several factories were established, but, being chiefly worked by water, they w^ere on a small scale 3 the subsequent employment of steam enabled the pro- prietors to enlarge their works, and the adoption of power-looms contributed greatly to improve and extend the trade : there are at present more than 20 factories, worked by steam-engines of the aggregate power of 700 horses. The bleaching-grounds are very extensive, and more than 10,000,000 pieces of cloth are annually bleached in the parish : among these are three large es- tablishments, in each of which from 130,000 to 150,000 pieces are, on the average, bleached every month. There are also ten iron-foundries, some of them on a very large scale, and one employing 300 persons, chiefly in the construction of steam-engines 5 and machinery of all kinds, and mills of every description, are made to a great extent. The neighbourhood abounds with coal, and veins of lead- ore and of calamine have been worked at Rivington, but they have not^been found productive. The Bolton and Leigh and the Kenyon and Leigh J unc- tion railways connect the town with the Liverpool and Manchester railway at Kenyon 3 the whole line is nine miles and three-quarters in length. The canal from Manchester to Bolton was constructed in 1791 5, a branch to Bury diverges from it at Little Lever, in this parish. In 1837^ an act was obtained for making a railway from Bolton to Preston, and by a subsequent act the company were enabled to extend and alter the 288 line, and make collateral branches. The market days are Monday and Saturday: the fairs are on July 30th and 31st, and Oct. 13th and 14th, for horned-cattle, horses, pigs^ and pedlery 3 and a fair for lean cattle is also held every alternate Wednesday, from Jan. 5th to May 12th. The market is held in the area of the new square, in the centre of which is a handsome cast-iron column, 30 feet high, rising from a pedestal in the form of a vase, and supporting a lantern, which is lighted wdth gas. The town was formerly within the jurisdic- tion of the county magistrates, and its internal govern- ment was under the regulation of officers appointed at the court leet of the lord of the manor 5 but on the 11th Oct. 1838, a charter of incorporation was granted under the Municipal Act, and it is now governed by a mayor, 12 aldermen, and 36 councillors 3 and on May 9th, 1839, the queen decreed that a court of quarter-sessions should be held here : the number of magistrates is 14. It was made a parliamentary borough by the act of the 2nd of William IV., cap. 45, with the privilege of re- turning two members to parliament, the right of election being vested in the £10 householders : the limits of the borough comprise 1748 acres. A court of requests has been established under an act passed in 1840, for the more speedy recovery of small debts within the town and other places in the county of Lancaster. The town- hall, a neat and commodious edifice, was erected, a few years since, at Little Bolton, at an expense of £2000 ; and it is in contemplation to erect a similar structure in Great Bolton, more suited to the importance of the town than the present rooms in which the business is transacted. The parish comprises by computation 31,000 acres. The LIVING is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10. 3. 1^.3 net income, £464 3 patron, and appropriator. Bishop of Chester. The church is a spa- cious structure, principally of later English architecture, and there are some interesting monuments in the chan- cel. A district church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, was erected in 1825, at an expense of £13,412, partly defrayed by a grant from the Parliamentary Commis- sioners 3 it is a handsome edifice, in the later English style, with a tower : the living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the Vicar of Bolton, and the net income, previously £121, was augmented in 1842 with £30 per annum by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The dis- trict church, dedicated to St. George, in Little Bolton, was erected by subscription, in 1796 : the living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Trustees 3 net income, £168. The chapel, dedicated to All Saints, in Little Bolton, has been rebuilt, and is now a district church : the living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £128 5 patron, T. Tipping, Esq. A church, in the later English style, has lately been erected at Turton3 and besides these, the district church of Emanuel, and the churches of Christ-church, Walmsley, Bradshaw, and Little Lever, have been built by subscription : the bene- fice of Emanuel church was augmented, in 1841, by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners with £81 per annum. There are numerous places of worship for Baptists, Independents, Unitarians, the Society of Friends, Swe- denborgians, Methodists, and Roman Catholics. The free grammar school, containing 120 boys, was founded by Robert Lever, Esq., citizen of London, who, in 1641, bequeathed estates now producing about £400 per BOLT BOLT annum, with which the revenue of a school previously- existing has been united, amounting in the whole to £485 : there is a small exhibition to either of the Universities. Robert Ainsworth, the compiler of the Latin Dictionary, • Tjcnfipriere, tlie compiler of the Classical Dic- tionary, were masters of the school 3 and the former was educated here. A charity school was founded and en- dowed, in 1693, by Nathaniel Hulton, for the instruction of 30 boys and 30 girls 3 the income is £277. The "'Churchgate Charity School” was founded, in 1714, by Thomas Marsden, Esq., who endowed it with a house, &c., now producing £14. 10. per annum 3 in addition, £10 per annum are allowed to the master from Brook’s charity, accruing from pews in the parish church 3 and £20 per annum by the family of Popplewell. Another school for girls is supported by subscriptions from the Unitarians 3 and there are various Sunday schools, of which that in connexion with the parish church, is a large and handsome building of freestone, in the later English style, erected by subscription, in 1819, at an expense of £1800. A dispensary was established in 1814 : a clothing society is supported chiefly by ladies, and a society for the relief of poor women during child- birth was formed in I798. The union of Bolton com- prises the entire parish, with the exception of Angle- zarke, Blackrod, and Rivington, and, in addition, eleven other chapelries and townships 3 and contains a popula- tion of 97 j, 519. There are several strong chalybeate springs in the parish. John Bradshaw, president of the court which sentenced Charles I. to the scaffold, is said to have been born near the town. BOLTON-LE-SANDS, a parish, in the hundred of Lonsdale, south of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster 3 containing 1774 inhabitants, of whom 671 are in the township of Bolton, 4 miles (N.) from Lancaster. The parish comprises the townships of Bolton, Slyne with Hest, and Nether and Over Kellet 3 that of Bolton containing 1674a. 3r., chiefly arable land. The village of Hest is advantageously situated on the eastern shore of Morecambe Bay, and is a place of re- sort for sea-bathing. There are lime-kilns in the town- ship of Nether Kellet. The living is a discharged vicar- age, valued in the king’s books at £4. 15. 3 net income, £1693 patron and appropriator. Bishop of Chester. The church was rebuilt in 1813. The free grammar school was founded in 16 19, by Thomas Assheton, and has an income of £23, arising from the original endow- ment and subsequent benefactions. BOLTON-PERCY {All Saints), a parish, in the Ainsty wapentake, W. riding of York 3 containing 1040 inhabitants, of whom 241 are in the township of Bolton-Percy, 4 miles (E. by S.) from Tadcaster. The parish, which is bounded on the south-west by the river Wharfe, comprises the four townships of Bolton-Percy, Appleton-Roebuck, Colton, and Steeton 3 and contains about 7320 acres, of which the soil is generally a strong clay, with portions ol a lighter kind 3 the surface is level, and interspersed with small plantations and woods. Bricks and tiles are manufactured. The York and North- Midland railway passes through the parish, in which is an intermediate station. .The living is a rectory, valued in the king s books at £39. 15. 2^. 3 net income, £15403 patron. Archbishop of York. The church, built in 1423, by Thomas Parker, rector, is a neat structure, with a square tower, decorated with a quantity of stained glass, VoL. 1.-289 and contains several monuments to the Fairfax family. A national school is supported by the incumbent and Sir William Milner, lord of the manor. The poor have the interest arising from £532, left by several donors. BOLTON-UPON’DEARNE a parish, in the union of Doncaster, N. division of the wapentake of Strafforth and Tickhill, W. riding of York, 7| miles (N. by E.) from Rotherham, upon the road from Doncaster to Barnsley 3 containing, with Goldthorpe, 67 1 inhabitants. At the time of the Conquest here was a church, with its attendant priest 3 also a mill 3 and the country appears to have been in a higher state of cultivation than the lands around. The place became the residence of several families of some consideration, and seems to have been from early times a rich and flourishing spot. It also lies on the line of road traced by those who consider that a Roman road existed from Templeborough to Castleford 3 and it is certain that there was a bridge over the Dearne here at a remote period, the pontage of which was early a subject of dis- pute, as is recorded in the Hundred rolls. The parish comprises by measurement 2400 acres, of which about one-third is grass, and the remainder arable : the soil is various 3 in some parts a strong clay, in others a light sand 3 and the substratum abounds with excellent sand- stone, which is extensively quarried. The village is beautifully situated on the northern acclivities of the vale of Dearne, having a good bridge over the river, said to occupy the site of a Roman ford 3 and about a mile northward is the pleasant hamlet of Goldthorpe. A statute fair for hiring servants is held on the second Thursday in November. The living is a perpetual curacy, valued in the king’s books at £6. 15. 5. 3 net income, £88 3 patrons, the Executors of the late W. H. Marsden, Esq., in whom are vested the impropriate tithes, which have been commuted for a rent-charge of £580. 8. 3. The church is an ancient edifice, chiefly in the Norman style, with a tower at the west end. There is a place of worship for W^esleyans, The parochial school is endowed with £12. 10. per annum for the instruction of 20 children, from a charitable fund, prin- cipally arising from a bequest by Richard Bingley, in 1756, and one by Elizabeth Pashley, in 1759. There are several small rent-charges for distribution among the poor. BOLTON-UPON-SWALE, a chapelry, in the parish of Catterick, union of Richmond, wapentake of Gil- ling-East, N. riding of York, if mile (N. E.) from Catterick 3 containing 960 inhabitants. It comprises the townships of Bolton, Whitwell, Riplin, Ellerton, Scorton, and Uckerby, and is separated from that of Catterick by the river Swale. Through Scorton, the Richmond mail passes on its way to the Cowton sta- tion on the Great North of England railroad. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the Vicar of Catterick, with a net income of £86 : the chapel, dedica- ted to St. Mary, is ornamented with a lofty tower, and its burial-ground contains a neat pyramidal monument, erected by subscription, in 1743, over the grave of Henry Jenkins, a native of this place, who died in the year 1670, at the age of I69, and is the oldest Englishman on record. A free school was founded in the beginning of the last century by Leonard Robinson 3 and there is also a large nunnery, with a ladies’ boarding school attached. 2 P BONG B O N T BONBY (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Glandford-Brigg, N. division of the wapentake of Yarborough, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 5| miles (S. S. W.) from Barton-on-Humber 3 containing 386 inhabitants. This parish, in ancient records called Bondeby, is on the road from Barton to London, and comprises by survey 24^27 acres, equally divided between arable and pasture 5 the eastern halt is highland, part of tbe wolds, and tbe western half, part of the Ancholme level; the soil is a peat moor, upon a stratum of clay. There are some quarries of chalkstonc; which is raised for manure. The Ancholme river and Ancholme canal pass through the parish. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, valued in the king s books at £6. 4. 4. 3 net income, £233 3 patron and impropriator. Lord Yar- borough. The church is an ancient edifice, with a square tower. There are places of worship for Primitive Me- thodists and Wesley ans. In the reign of John, an alien priory was established here by the prior and convent at Merton, to whom the church, with others, had been granted in the 4th of Henry IV., which was given to the Chartreux-house, at Beauval. BONCHURCH (St. Boniface), a parish, in the liberty of East Medina, incorporation and Isle of Wight division of the county of Southampton, | mile (N. E.) from Ventnor 3 containing 302 inhabitants. This place, lying on the verge of the Channel, and south coast of the island, is of remote antiquity, and its church, which is one of the oldest in the neighbourhood, appears to have been originally founded by some monks of the abbey of Lyra, in Normandy, who were sent over to convert the fishermen on this part of the coast to Christianity. The living is a discharged rectory, with that of Shanklin annexed, valued in the king’s books at £6. 15. 5.3 net income, £134 3 patrons, Charles Popham Hill, Esq., and the Trustees of the late J. Popham, Esq. The tithes of Bonchurch have been commuted for a rent-charge of £51. 10., and the glebe consists of 4f acres. The church, a very ancient edifice, is in the earliest Norman style. Admiral Hobson was a. native of the parish. BONDGATE, with Aismunderby, a township, in the parish and liberty of Ripon, W. riding of York, i a mile (S.) from Ripon 3 containing 614 inhabitants, of whom 541 are in Bondgate. The township comprises about 2250 acres, and adjoins Ripon, of which Bondgate forms the southern suburb, and is within the borough. An hospital for two poor women was founded, here by one of the a.. :*hbishops of York, about the time of King John. BONDINGTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Dunster, union of Williton, hundred of Carhampton, W. division of Somerset 3 containing 1 6 inhabitants. BONDS, with Barnacre, a township, in the parish and union of Garstang, hundred of Amounderness, N. division of the county of Lancaster, mile (E. N. E.) from Garstang 3 containing 628 inhabitants. Here are the relics of Greenhalgh Castle. BONEHILL, a township, in the parish and union of Tamworth, S. division of the hundred of Offlow and of the county of Stafford, l| mile (S. W. by W.) from Tamworth 5 containing 323 inhabitants. BON GATE, a township, in the parish of St. Mi- chael, Appleby, East ward and union, county of Westmorland 3 containing 618 inhabitants. 290 BONINGALE, or Boninghall, a parish, in the union of Shiffnall, Shiffnall division of the hundred of Brimstree, S. division of Salop, miles (S. E.) from Shiffnall 3 containing 184 inhabitants. The living is annexed to the rectory of Stockton : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £231. 7- 6., and there are 11 acres of glebe. BGNNINGTON (St. Rumwald), a parish, in the union of East Ashford, partly in the liberty of Romney-Marsh, but chiefly in the hundred of Street, lathe of Shepway, E. division of Kent, 7 miles (S. E. by S.) from Ashford 3 containing 155 inhabitants. The parish comprises by measurement 1086 acres, of which 615 are pasture, 330 arable, 36 woodland, and 20 hops, and is situated in the undulated slope which lies between the Quarry hills on the north, and the extensive level of Romney-Marsh on the south : the surface is pleas- ingly diversified, chiefly with pasture and wood, and the soil is a stiff clay. The Grand Military, or Shorn- cliffe and Rye canal, crosses the parish. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 12. 8|. 3 net income, £125 3 patron, T. Papillon, Esq.: there are about 20 acres of glebe. The church is small. BGNNINGTON, SUTTON. — See Sutton - Bon- nington. BONSALL (St. James), a parish, in the hundred of WiRKSWORTH, S. division of the county of Derby, 3j miles (N. by W.) from Wirksworth 3 containing 1496 inhabitants. This place, anciently called Bonteshall, comprises by computation 2338 acres : it was formerly a market-town, and is situated in a district strikingly diversified with hill and dale : among the latter, the most interesting is Bonsall Dale, of which the geological formation consists of four strata of limestone and three of loadstone. The neighbouring hills also abound with limestone, and lead-ore and lapis calaminaris are obtained in great quantities within the parish, and prepared on the spot, affording employment to many of the inhabit- ants. The village consists of numerous houses scattered over a considerable portion of ground, in the centre of which the ancient market-cross, bearing date 1687, con- sisting of a pillar, resting upon a base, to which is an ascent of fifteen steps, and surmounted by a ball, is still remaining. The manufacture of combs is carried on to a moderate extent : about a third of the population is employed at the stocking and drawer frames, and there is a saw-mill for cutting the white semi-marble Hopton stone. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 16. 0^.3 net income, £201 3 patron. Dean of Lincoln : there are 67 acres of glebe, with a house. The church is a handsome and picturesque old structure, with some good pointed windows remaining, and a tower surmounted by an elegant octangular spire 3 the interior is adorned with a variety of neatly-executed mural monuments. There is a place of worship for General Baptists 3 and a school is endowed with £100 per annum, arising from tenements bequeathed by William Cragge, and his wife Elizabeth, in 1704, and of lands by Elizabeth Tumor, in 1763. Vestiges of a Roman road may be traced. BGNTHGRPE, a hamlet, in the parish of Wid- loughby, union of Spilsby, Wold division of the hundred of Calceworth, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 3 miles (S. S. E.) from the town of Alford 3 containing 14 inhabitants. BOOT BOOT BONWIOK^ a township, in the parish of Skipsea, union of Skirlaugh^, N. division of the wapentake of Holderness, E. riding of York, 11^ miles (E. S. E.) , from Great Driffield j containing 29 inhabitants. Bon- wick, or Bovingwick, is not named in the Domesday book, being probably included, with Skipsea and other parts of the parish, in the adjacent lands” of the manor of Cleton. The place consists of two farms, respectively designated High and Low Bonwick. A. rent-charge of £25. 5. 3. has been awarded as a com- mutation for the tithes, payable to the Archbishop of York. BOOKHAM, GREAT (St, Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Epsom, hundred of Effingham, W. divi- sion of Surrey, 2^ miles (W. S. W.) from Leatherhead 3 containing 963 inhabitants. It comprises by measure- ment 3242 acres, of which 1446 are arable, 629 meadow and pasture, 264 woodland, 105 gardens and buildings, 23 public roads, and 775 common. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, endowed with a moiety of the rectorial tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £9- 17. 3^.3 net income, £340 3 patron, W. Heberden, Esq., M.D., impropriator of the other moiety of the great tithes. The church is an ancient structure, in the early English style, and contains numerous handsome monuments. Sir George Shiers, Bart., in 1690 , bequeathed a rent- charge of £ 36 . 3 . for apprenticing children, and other charitable purposes 3 and there is a national school, supported by subscription. BOOKHAM, LITTLE, a parish, in the union of Epsom, hundred of Effingham, W. division of Sur- rey, 3 | miles (W. S. W.) from Leatherhead 3 containing 237 inhabitants. This parish, which is on the road from 'London to Guildford, and bounded by the river Mole, contains 945 acres, of which the soil comprises clay, gravel, and chalk. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 6 . 15. 7* j patron and in- cumbent, Rev. G. P. Boileau Pollen. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £154, and £10 are paid to the Yi car of Effingham 3 there are 41 acres of glebe. Certain tenements in London, producing about £65 per annum, were assigned by Sir Benjamin Maddox, a moiety to the clergyman, and the other moiety for the benefit of the poor and the parish clerk, and for repair- ing the church and the highways. B0GLEY, a township, in the parish of Stanton- upon-Hine-Heath, union of Wem, Whitchurch divi- sion of the hundred of North Br adford, N. division of Salop 3 containing 178 inhabitants. BOOTH, a hamlet, in the township of Knedling- TON, parish. of Howden, wapentake of Howdenshire, E. riding of York, 2 miles (S. W.) from Howden 3 con- taining 36 inhabitants. The village lies on the northern bank of the river Ouse, across which is a noted ferry. BOOTH, NEW LAUND, with Filley-close and Hallows-Reedley, a township, in the parish of Whal- LEY, union of Burnley, Higher division of the hundred of Blackburn, N. division of the county of Lancas- ter, 2 miles (N.) from Burnley 3 containing 412 in- habitants. BOOTH, OLT) LAUND, a township, in the parisli of Mitton, union of Burnley, Higher division of 'the hundred of Blackburn, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 3 miles (N.) from Burnley 3 containing 481 inhabitants. 291 BOOTHBY (St. Andrew), a parish, in the Higher division of the wapentake of Booth by-Graffo, parts of Kesteven, union and county of Lincoln, 10 miles (N. W. by N.) from Sleaford 3 containing 214 inhabit- ants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 11 . 12 . 3|. 3 net income, £638 3 patron, J. Fullerton, Esq. The tithes were commuted for land in 1771. BOOTHBY-PAGNELL {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Grantham, wapentake of Win nib riggs and Threo, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 5| miles (N. N. W.) from Corby 3 containing 132 in- habitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 11 . 10 . 5 ., and in the patronage of J. Litoh- ford. Esq.: the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £312. 14., and there are upwards of 121 acres of glebe. A small school is partly supported by con- tributions. BOOTHEN, a township, in the parish and union of Stoke-upon-Trent, N. division of the hundred of PiREHiLL and of the county of Stafford 3 containing 144 inhabitants. BOOTHS, HIGHER, a township, in the parish of Whalley, union of Hasling den. Higher division of the hundred of Blackburn, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 3 miles (E.) from Burnley 5 containing '3652 inhabitants. BOOTHS, LOWER, a townsKip, Jn the parish of Whalley, union of -Haslingden, Higher division of the hundred of Blackburn, N. division of the county of Lancaster 3 containing 2464 inhabitants. BOOTLE (St. Michael), a market-town and parish, and the head 'of a union, in Allerdale ward above Derwent, W. division of Cumberland, 5| miles (S. S. E.) from Ravenglass, and 282 (N. W. by N.) from London 3 containing 696 inhabitants. The name of this place, formerly written Bothill,” is supposed to be derived from the booths erected on a hill above the town, for the watchman whose duty it was to light the beacon on its summit, upon the discovery of any ships in the Irish Channel, which might appear to threaten a descent upon the coast. A Benedictine nunnery was founded at Seton, in the parish, by Gunild, daughtejr of Henry de Boyviil, fourth lord of Millorn, to which Henry IV. annexed the hospital of St. Leonard, in Lancaster : its revenue, at the Dissolution, was ^£13. 17. 4. : there are still some remains. The town is pleasantly -situated within two miles of the sea : the houses are neatly built, and the inhabitants well supplied. with water. The land in the neighbourhood is in a high state of cultivation, and the environs abound with pleasing scenery : the Cbrney and Bootle Fells, eminences in the adjoining forest of Copeland, afford extensive views 3 and from Black Coombe, which is nearly 2000 feet high, may be seen the coast of Scotland, the Isle of Man, and the mountains of North Wales. The trade is principally in ■corn, poi^k, and bacon. Which are sent to Liverpool : the market is on *Saturday 3 and fairs >are held on April 5th and Sept. 24th, for the sale of corn, and for hiring ser- vants 3 and April 26 th and Aug. 3rd, for horses, horned- oattle, and aheep. The living is a rectory, valued in the kings books at-£19. 17. 3|., and in the patronage of The Earl of "Lonsdale : The tithes have been commuted for "a rent-charge of £436, and There are 14 acres of glebe. The church is a very ancient edifice, though 2 P2 B O R D B O R D much modernised by successive repairs •, the interior contains some interesting monuments^ among which is an effigy on a brass plate of Sir Hugh Askew, and has been lately enlarged by the addition of 230 sittings. A place of worship for Independents was built in 1780. The free school was founded, in 1713, by Henry Single- ton, who endowed it with £200, which sum, with subse- quent benefactions, produces about £20 per annum 5 and another school is partly supported by subscription. The poor law union of Bootle comprises 12 parishes or places, and contains a population of 5516. At Selker bay, a small inlet of the sea, are sometimes seen the remains of vessels, which are traditionally said to have been Roman galleys, sunk there at the time of an inva- sion by that people j and at Esk-Meots are vestiges of an encampment, where Roman coins ’hnd fragments of altars have been frequently discovered. BOOTLE, a chapelry, in the parish of Walton-on- the-Hill, union and hundred of West Derby, S. divi- sion of the county of Lancaster, 3| miles (N.) from Liverpool 5 containing, with the township of Linacre, 1962 inhabitants. The village, which is well built, and contains several good houses, is much resorted to during summer for the benefit of sea-bathing. The living is a perpetual curacy; net income, £164; patron, W. S. Millar, Esq. Rent-charges amounting to £235 have been awarded as commutations for the tithes, of which sum £200 are payable to the rector, and £35 to the vicar, of the parish. The chapel is dedicated to St. Mary. BOOTON (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of St. Faith’s, hundred of South Erpingham, E. division of Norfolk, 1 mile (E. S. E.) from Reepham ; contain- ing 241 inhabitants. It is intersected by the road from Norwich to Reepham, and comprises 1040 acres. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 12. and in the gift of H. El win. Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £294, and there are about 23 acres of glebe. The church is chiefly in the decorated style,* with a square embattled tower. A small school is partly supported by contributions ; and at the inclosure, in 1811, twenty acres were allotted to the poor. BORASTON, a chapelry, in the parish of Burford, union of Tenbury, hundred of Overs, S. division of Salop; containing 199 inhabitants. BORDEAN, a tything, in the parish and hundred of East-Meon, union of Petersfield, Petersfield and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 3^ miles (W. by N.) from P::tersfield ; containing 109 inhabit- ants. BORDEN (St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in the union and hundred of Milton, Upper division of the lathe of Scray, E. division of Kent, 2|^ miles (W. by S.) from Sittingbourne ; containing 86O inhabitants, and comprising 2143a. 2r. 37p. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 10., and in the gift of J. Musgrave, Esq., the impropriator : the great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £550, and the vicarial for one of £270, and there are about 3| acres of glebe, with a residence. The church, a handsome struc- ture of flint, supposed to have been erected about the year 1005, comprises three aisles and three chancels, with a square tower at the western end ; there are some Roman bricks mixed with the flint-stones in the build- 292 ing, and cemented with mortar, in the composition of which pulverized cockle-shells have been used; the chief entrance is under a N^orman arch, and there are similar specimens of architecture in other parts of the edifice. In I707, William Barrow left land for the benefit of widows and families who had never received parochial relief ; the estates, which are in several parishes, return an income of £1500 a year. A British coin, and several relics of Roman antiquity, together with a great quantity of round stones, like cannon-balls, have been found in the neighbourhood ; and Danes Hill, in the parish, is supposed to have taken its name from a great battle fought here when the Danes held a fort at Milton, some traces of which are still to be seen. Dr. Robert Plot, the natural historian of Oxfordshire and Stafford- shire, was born at the manor-house of Sutton-Baron, in the parish, in 1641, where he died, April 13th, 1696.' BORDESLEY, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Aston, Birmingham division of the hundred of Hemlingford, N. division of the county of Warwick, adjoining the town of Birmingham, and containing 10,754 inhabitants. In the civil war of the seventeenth cen- tury, this was the scene of a skirmish between the army of Prince Rupert, who, in 1643, was sent to open a communication between Oxford and York, and a party of the parliamentarians, who, assisted by the inhabitants, had intrenched themselves at a place since called Camp Hill, in order to intercept his progress. During the Birmingham riots in 1791, Bordesley Hall was burnt by the mob. The chapelry was originally an inconsiderable hamlet, consisting only of a few scattered dwelling- houses, of which one, now remaining at Camp Hill, is of timber frame-work and plaster, with projecting upper stories ; but, from its proximity to Birmingham, it has become an integral part of that town, and partakes largely in its trade, manufactures, and public institu- tions. It is pleasantly situated on the turnpike-roads to Coventry and Warwick, and contains some handsome continuous ranges of houses, and numerous detached mansions, inhabited by families of opulence connected with Birmingham, On the road leading to Coventry is an extensive establishment for staining, colouring, and marbling paper, in which the process, though facilitated by machinery worked by steam, affords employment to a considerable number of persons. The Birmingham canal, on the banks of which are various works, tra- verses the chapelry ; and the Birmingham and Gloucester railway passes through it in its progress to join the Lon- don and Birmingham line. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £200 ; patron. Vicar of Aston ; im- propriators, Trustees of the late Rev, G. Peake. The chapel, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, was built in 1822, at an expense of £14,235, by subscription among the inhabitants, aided by a grant from the Parliamentary Commissioners : it is in the later English style, com- bining a rich variety of architectural details. Alms- houses, one of which is appropriated as a chapel, have been built for twelve aged persons, by Mr. Dowell, whose widow appoints the inmates. BORDESLEY, a hamlet, in the parish of Tarde- BiGG, union of Bromsgrove, Upper division of the hundred of Halfshire, Droitwich and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, 5| miles (E. S. E.) from Bromsgrove. A Cistercian abbey, in honour of the Blessed Virgin Mary, was built, in 1138, by the Empress B O R L BORO Matilda^ the revenue of which^ a short time previously to the Dissolution, was estimated at £39^. 8. 6. : the chapel, dedicated to St. Stephen, which subsisted for some time afterwards, formed part of it. BOREHAM {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union and hundred of Chelmsford, S. division of Essex, 4 miles (N. E. by E.) from Chelmsford ; containing 1034 inhabitants. This parish derives its name from the Saxon, Bore, ^^a market,” and Ham, a village and is supposed to have been anciently a place of considerable importance. The land is generally elevated j the soil is fertile, though varying in quality, and the general appear- ance is greatly enriched with wood, which seems to have been formerly more abundant than at present. New Hall, in the parish, is part of a much larger mansion, greatly adorned by Henry VIIL, who, having obtained the manor in exchange for other property, raised it into an honour : his daughter, the Princess Mary, also resided here for several years. It is now occupied by a society of English nuns, who were driven from Liege by the fury of the French republicans, and who now superin- tend the education of about eighty Roman Catholic young ladies. The village is pleasantly situated on the road to Colchester 5 and the Chelmer navigation bounds the parish on the south. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10. 3. 9., and in the patronage of the Bishop of London : the appropriate tithes, belonging to the Chancellor in St. Paul’s cathedral, have been commuted for a rent-charge of £680, and the vicarial for one of £440 5 and there are 21 acres of glebe belonging to the appropriator, and 18 to the vicar. The church is a handsome edifice, consisting of a nave, with north and south aisles, and a chancel, between which and the nave rises a lofty square embattled tower 3 the south aisle was added by Sir Thomas Radcliffe, as a sepulchral chapel for his family, and contains an elegant monument with recumbent statues of Robert, first Earl of Sussex, his son, and grandson. BORESFORD, with Pedwardine, a township, in the parish of Brampton-Bryan, union of Knighton, hundred of Wigmore, county of Hereford, 3 miles (S. E.) from Knighton 3 containing 102 inhabitants. The Earls of Kinnoul enjoy a seat in the House of Lords, as Barons Hay, of Pedwardine. BORLEY, a parish, in the union of Sudbury, hun- dred of Hinckford, N. division of Essex, 9.^ miles (N. W. by W.) from Sudbury 3 containing 1 88 inhabitants. This parish, which comprises 3r. 9p., and is bounded on the east by the river Stour, derives its name from the Saxon wordl! signifying Boar’s Pasture.” The manor, at the time of the Norman survey, belonged to Adeliza, Countess of Albemarle, half sister to William I., and descended to many illustrious families closely allied to the crown 5 it afterwards passed to the Walde- grave family, whose descendants are the present pro- prietors. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9^ and in the gift of Earl Waldegrave : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £276. 10., and there are 10^ acres of glebe. The church, which stands on an eminence commanding an extensive pros- pect, is a small ancient edifice, containing an elegant monument to the Waldegraves. BORLEY, a township, in the parish of Ombersley, union of Droitwich, Lower division of the hundred of Os WALDSLOW, Worcester and W. divisions of the county of Worcester. 293 BOROUGHBRIDGE, a hamlet, in the parishes of Ling, Othery, and Weston-Zoyland, partl}'^ in the hundred of Andersfield, and partly in that of Whit- ley, union of Bridgwater, W. division of Somerset 3 containing 93 inhabitants. Collinson, the county histo- rian, states the name to be derived from a large borough or mount, very high and steep,” and a stone bridge of three lofty arches, which here crosses the navigable river Parret : this mount is situated within an inclosure, on the eastern side of the river, and has generally been considered as formed by nature 3 but the same author supposes it to be a work of art, raised for a tumulus. It is crowned with the ruins of an ancient cruciform'^ chapel, which was dedicated to St. Michael, and depen- dent on the Abbey of Athelney. Though previously in a dilapidated state, it was greatly damaged during the parliamentary war, when it was occupied as a military post by a small party of royalists, who, after having successfully resisted various assaults, were compelled to surrender to a body of parliamentarians, detached against them by General Fairfax. BOROUGHBRIDGE, a market-town and ehapelry, in the parish of Aldborough, Lower division of the wapentake of Claro, W. riding of York, 17| miles (N. W. by W.) from York, and 206 (N. N. W.) from London 3 containing 1024 inhabitants. This place, which has risen into importance since the decline of Aldbo- rough, within half a mile of which it is situated, derives its name from a bridge erected here over the river Ure, soon after the Conquest, when the road was diverted from Aldborough, and brought through this town. In 1318, it was burnt by Earl Douglas, at the head of a band of Scots, who ravaged the northern parts of Eng- land 3 and, in 1322, a battle was fought near the bridge, between the forces of Edward II. and those of the cele- brated Earl of Lancaster, in which the latter were de- feated, and the earl having taken refuge in the town, which was assaulted on the following day, was made prisoner and conveyed to Pontefract, where he was soon afterwards beheaded. Of this battle, a memorial was exhibited in the number of human bones, swords, frag- ments of armour, and other military relics, which, in raising the bank of the Ure, in 179^, were found near the spot. The town, which has been greatly improved, is pleasantly situated on the southern bank of the river, over which a handsome stone bridge has been con- structed, on the site of a former one of wood : the streets are partially paved, and the inhabitants are amply supplied with water from springs, and from the river. A court-house was built in 1836. The trade of the town is principally derived from its situation on the high road to Edinburgh. The market is on Saturday 3 and large fairs are held on April 27th, June 22nd, Aug. I6th, Oct. 23rd, and Dec. 13th, each for two days : the fair in June, which continues for a week, is chiefly cele- brated for horses and hardware, and the others are for cattle and sheep. In the market-place, which is in the centre of the town, is a handsome fluted column of the Doric order, twelve feet high. The constables and other officers are chosen annually at the court leet of the lord of the manor. The elective franchise was conferred in the reign of Mary, from which time the borough re- turned two members to parliament, but was disfran- chised by the act of the 2nd and 3rd of William IV., cap. 45. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £83 3 B O R R B O S B patron, the Vicar of Aldborongh. There are places of worship for Particular Baptists and Wesleyans 3 and a national school, established in 1814, is supported prin- cipally by subscription, and an endowment of £100, given by Mrs. Scruton, in 1836. To the west of the town are three large pyramidal stones, ranged in a straight line, in a direction from north to south j the central one, which is the largest, is 30 J feet in height 5 they are vulgarly called the Devil’s Arrows, and were originally four in number. The purpose of their erection is involved in obscurity ; some suppose them to have been raised in memory of a reconciliation effected between Caracalla and Geta, sons of the Em- peror Severus, who died at York. Camden considers them to have been Roman trophies ; but though they may probably have been used by that people as metcB in the celebration of their chariot races, their origin appears to be more remote, and Stukeley refers them to the earliest times of the Britons, and is of opinion that here was the great Panegyre of the Druids, where the in- habitants of the neighbouring district assembled to offer the sacrifices. From its proximity to Aldborongh, a celebrated Roman station, it has become the depository of numerous relics, consisting of tessellated pavements and coins, several of v/hich have been found here 3 and, in the immediate vicinity, the remains of a Roman wall are still discernible. BOROUGH-FEN, an extra-parochial district, in the soke of Peterborough, N. division of the county of Northampton, 5 miles (N. E. by N.) from Peterbo- rough 3 containing 19*2 inhabitants. BORROWBY, a township, in the parish of Leake, union of North-Aleerton, wapentake of Allerton- shire, N. riding of York, 5 miles (N.) from Thirsk 3 containing 40,1 inhabitants. It is situated on the road between Thirsk and Stokesley, and comprises by com- putation 1280 acres, including Gueldable, in which are 500 acres. The Bishop of Ripon is lord of the manor of BorrowbjE There is a place of worship for Wes- leyans 3 and a school is endowed wdth £5. 10. per annum. BORROWBY, a township, in the parish of Lythe, union of Thirsk, E. division of the liberty of Lang- baurgh, N. riding of York, 11^ miles (W. N. W.) from Whitby 3 containing 81 inhabitants. This place w^as formerly styled Beir^jehi^ as it appears written in Domes- day survey, and was the property of the Mauleys, of Mulgrave, with which barony the estate has descended to the present lord : at the time of the Conqueror’s sur- vey it had been laid waste. The township comprises about 650 acres, situated in the western part of the parish. The village is on the acclivities of a narrow dale, and to the north of the road between Whitby and Guisborough. BORROW DALE, a chapelry, in the parish of Crosthwaite, union of Cockermouth, Aleerdale ward above Derwent, W. division of Cumbereand, 6 miles (S. by W.) from Keswick 3 containing 369 inha- bitants. The romantic scenery of this district has elicited deserved eulogy from numerous tourists. The Bowder stone, situated in the vale, is esteemed the largest detached piece of rock, entitled to the denomination of a single stone, in England 3 it is 62 feet in length, and 84 in circumference, and contains about 23,090 feet of solid stone, weighing upwards of 1771 tons : the upper part projects considerably over the small base on which 294 it rests, and it is not unusual for parties of pleasure to regale under it. . The celebrated black-lead, or wad, mine, is about nine miles from Keswick, near the head of the valley, in the steep side of a mountain facing the south-east, and has been opened at difiPerent places. The lead is found in lumps, or nodules, varying in weight from 1 oz. to 50lb., imbedded in the matrix 3 and the ‘finer sort is packed in barrels, sent to London, and de- posited in the warehouse belonging to the proprietors of the mine, where it is exposed for sale to the pencil-makers on the first Monday in every month : that of an inferior description is chiefly used in the composition of cruci- bles, in giving a black polish to articles of cast-iron, and in various anti-attrition compositions. Black lead is found in various parts of the w^orld, but in none to so great an extent, and of the same degree of purity, as in this : an inferior kind has been discovered in the shires of Ayr and Inverness, in Scotland, but it is unfit for pencils. Here are also several quarries of blue slate : a copper-mine was formerly worked 3 and lead- ore exists to a limited extent in the mountain. A soft paleish vsubstance, commonly called Borrowdale soap, is found, which, having undergone a chymical process, similar to that by which the black lead is hardened, is used for slate pencils. A fair for sheep is held on the first Wed- nesday in September. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £62 3 patron. Vicar of Crosthwaite. The chapel was rebuilt a few years since. On the summit of Castle Crag, a conical hill covered with wood, are vestiges of a military work. Near a lake at the lower extremity of the dale is a salt-spring, the water of which is of a quality somewhat similar to that of Cheltenham. BORROWDON, a township, in the parish of Ae- LENTON, union of Rothbtury, W. division of -Coquet- DAEE ward, N. division of Northumbereand 3 con- taining 165 inhabitants. It is situated about a mile south-west from Netherton, from which it is separated by a small stream 3 and belongs to various proprietors. About a mile and a half to the south-west stands Charity Hall, which was left to the poor of Rothbury parish, and from that circumstance derives its name. Several British axe-heads of flint have been found. BORWICK, a chapelry, in the parish of Warton, hundred of Lonsdaee, south of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 3^ miles (S.) fromBurton- in-Kendal 3 containing 214 inhabitants. Charles II. lodged for one night at Berwick Hall, on his way to Worcester, and his army encamped a short distance from it. BOSBURY {Holy Teinity), a parish, in the union of Ledbury, hundred of Radeow, county of Here- ford, 4 miles (N. by W.) from Ledbury 3 containing 1137 inhabitants. The parish is intersected by the Led- bury and Worcester road, and comprises by computation 4500 acres, of which the soil is a stiff red clay, saturated with moisture, and the surface varied hill and dale. The Gloucester and Ledbury canal wharf is a mile distant. The living is a discharged vicarage, endowed with one- fourth of the rectorial tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £10. 3. 8.3 patron. Bishop of Hereford : the impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £420, and the vicarial for one of £399. 18. The church, which is in various styles, is an ancient edifice, containing some interesting monuments^ There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and a grammar school, endowed by Sir Rowland Morton, has an income BOSH B OS S of about^ £135. Mr. Bridges, of Tiberton Court, be- queathed £5 per annum for apprenticing a child j and there are several other small bequests for the benehtiof the poor. The bishops of Hereford had a palace here, the remains of which have been converted into farm- offices. BOSCASTLE, a small sea port (formerly a market- town), in> the parishes of Forrabury and Minster, hundred of Lesnewth, E. division of Cornwall, 5 miles (N. N. W.) from Camelford, and 230 (W. by S.) from London 5 containing 807 inhabitants. This place takes its name from a castle erected by some of the family of Bottereau^^, who settled here in the reign of Henry II., of which only the site remains. The. town is romantically situated on the northern coast, and contains several respectable houses. A pilchard fishery, esta^ blished a few years since, but soon afterwards relin- quished, contributed greatly to the improvement of the quay,, which is accessible to ships of 300 tons’ burthen. The; port is a member of the port of Padstow, and a considerable trade is carried on in com, Helabole slate, and manganese, of which last there is a mine in the neighbourhood. The fairs are on August 5th, for lambs, and November 22nd, for ewes and cattle. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans j and some remains of an ancient chapel dedicated, to St. John, are visible. BOSCOBEL, an extra-parochial district, in the union of Shipfnall, Hales-Owen division of the hundred of Grimstree, S. division of Salop, 7| miles (E.) from ShifFnall y containing 18^ inhabitants. Boscobel House is celebrated in history as the place where Charles II. concealed himself^ in Sept. 1651, after the disastrous battle of Worcester, secure in the incorruptible integrity of five brothers, in humble life, named Penderell : the house has; been considerably modernised, but the place of concealment, called the Sacred Hole, is carefully pre- served, and in front of the house is a Latin inscription, traced with white pebbles in the pavement, recordings the circumstance. The Royal Oak, thought to have sprung, from an acorn of the parent tree, to which the unfortunate monarch, retired for greater security when his pursuers were searching the house and out-buildings, stands near the middle of a large field, adjoining the garden ; it is surrounded by an iron-railing, and has an inscribed brass plate affixed to it. BOSGOMB {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union and hundred of Amesbury, Salisbury and Amesbury, and S. divisions of Wilts, 3j miles (S. E. by E.) from; Amesbury, on the road between Salisbury and Marl- borough j containing 156 inhabitants. The living is a: rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 17. 1. 3 net income, £330 3 patron. Bishop of Salisbury. Four almshouses were endowed with a rent-charge of £24, by John Kent, Esq., by will proved in 1710. This was once the residence of the celebrated Richard Hooker, who held the living, and here wrote some part of his Ecclesiastical Polity BOSH AM {Holy Trinity), 2l parish, in the union of West Bourne, hundred of Bosham, rape of Chiches- ter, W.. division of Sussex, 4 miles (W. by S.) from Chichester 3 containing, with the tythings of Broads bridge. Creed, Fishbourne, Gosport, and Walton, 1091 inhabitants. This plac^ called by the Saxons Bosenham, probably from the wooas by which it was surrounded, was anciently of great importance, and, in the reign of Edward the Confessor, was the occasional residence of Earl Godwin, whose son Harold, afterwards King of England, sailing from Bosham on an excursion of plea- sure, in 1056, was driven by a storm on the Norman coast, and made prisoner by Count Ponthieu. In the time of Henry IT. the place was constituted the head of a hundred and manor, and endowed with various im- munities, which were fully confirmed by James I., and of which several are still recognised. The parish is bounded on the east and south by the harbour of Chi- chester, and the inhabitants are chiefly employed in the oyster-fishery 3 the village is pleasantly situated at the upper extremity of the creek to which it gives name, and is neatly built. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 11. 3. 5 net income, £1063 patrons and appropriators, the Dean and Chap- ter of Chichester, whose tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £1318. 13., and who possess a glebe of 88 acres. The church, built about the year 1120, by William Warlewast, Bishop of Exeter, was made colle** giate for a dean and five secular canons or prebendaries, and invested wuth many privileges, and was a royal free chapel, exempt from ecclesiastical jurisdiction till the Dissolution, when it was made parochial : it is a stately edifice, chiefly early English, with some Norman details, and later additions. There is a place of worship for Independents 3 and a national school was built in 1833. A small monastery for five or six brethren was founded, in 681, by Adelwaeb, and placed under the superin- tendence of Dicul, an Irish monk. Herbert, secretary to Thomas k Becket, and afterwards made cardinal by Pope Alexander HI., and author of the Life of Becket,” was a native of the place. BOSLEY, a chapelry, in the parish of Prestbury, union and hundred of Macclesfield, N. division of the county of Chester, 4f miles (E. N. E.) from Con- gleton 3 containing 552 inhabitants. The manor, which belonged) after the Conquest, to Hugh Mara and the Baines, of Monteith, passed in 1327 tn Isabel, mother of King Edward HI., and from Henry VI. came by grant to the Stanleys in 1454, and was afterv/ards held by Lord Monteagle, the hero of Flodden 3 from his son, it passed to the Fittons about 1540, and is now vested in their successor, the Earl of Harrington. The parish is situated on the London road from Manchester to Derby, and comprises about 2500 acres 3 it is skirted by the river Daine, and intersected by the Macclesfield canal. There are a silk-spinning manufactory and a cotton- mill, in which upwards of 100 people are employed. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £82 3 patron. Vicar of Prestbury : the glebe comprises about 30 acres. A chapel has been built in the adjoining township of North Rode, and a school was lately erected by the incumbent, assisted by a grant from the National Society, at a cost of £250. BOSS ALL. {St, Botolph), a parish, partly in the wapentake of Birdforth, but chiefly in that of Bul- MER, N. riding of York 3 consisting of the chapelries of Butter- Crambe and Claxton, and the townships of Bos - sail, Harton, Sand-Hutton, and part of Flaxton-on-the- Moor 3 and containing 1184 inhabitants, of whom 77 are in the township of Bossall, 4 miles (S.) from Whit- well, and 10 miles (N. E.) from York. The parish com- prises 9820 acres, and is bounded by the river Derwent on the south and east, and intersected by the road from B O S T B O S T York to Scarborough. The village was formerly large, Middlewich ; containing 190 inhabitants. The Grand hut at present consists of only three or four houses : Junction railway passes about a mile to the west of the foundations of buildings have been discovered in an ad- village. The tithes have been commuted for a rent- joining field, thence called Old Bossall.” Courts leet charge of £75. 11. 6. are held for the several manors in the parish. The living BOSTON (St. Botolph), is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £VZ •, net a borough, port, market- income, £445 ; patrons and appropriators. Dean and town, and parish, and the Chapter of Durham. The church is a handsome cruci- head of a union, locally in form structure, with a steeple rising from the centre, the wapentake of Skirbeck, A chapel of ease at Sand-Hutton has been recently re- parts of Holland, county built, and finished in a handsome antique style, with of Lincoln, 34 miles (S. E.) painted glass windows, at the expense of James Walker, from Lincoln, and 116 (N.) Esq. 5 and at Flaxton and Butter- Crambe are other from London ; containing chapels. A leaden box, containing about 300 small 12,942, and, with the extra- silver Saxon coins, was discovered when ploughing a parochial grounds in the field at Flaxton, in the year 1807* union, 13,507 inhabitants. Arms BOSSINEY-WITH-TRE- This place derived its name VENA, formerly a borough from St. Botolph, a Saxon, who founded a monastery and market-town, in the here, about the year 650 5 from which circumstance it parish of Tintagell, union was called Botolph’s Town, since contracted to Boston, of Camelford, hundred of The monastery, which was erected on the north side of Lesnewth, E. division of the present church, was destroyed by the Danes, in 870, Cornwall, 4j miles (N.W.) and its remains have been converted into a dwelling- from Camelford, and 231 house, styled Botolph’s Priory. From the discovery of (W. by S.) from London 5 the foundations of several buildings, urns, and other containing 296 inhabitants, relics of antiquity, in 17 16, the place is supposed to have of whom 219 are in the been of Roman origin 3 and, according to Dr. Stukeley, village of Trevena. This the Romans built a fort at the entrance of the river place consists of two vil- Witham, over which they had a ferry, at a short dis- lages, about a quarter of a mile distant from each other, tance to the south of the town. In the reign of Ed- situated on a bleak and rugged part of the northern coast, ward I., Robert Chamberlayne, having assembled some A fair is held at Trevena, on the first Monday after Oct. associates disguised as ecclesiastics, secretly set fire to 19th. Bossiney was made a free borough in the reign the town, and, while the inhabitants were endeavouring of Henry III., by Richard, Earl of Cornwall, brother to to extinguish the flames, plundered the booths of the that monarch 3 and a mayor, whose office is merely rich merchandise exposed for sale at the fair, and burnt nominal, is chosen annually by a jury of burgesses em- such goods as they were not able to carry away 3 and pannelled by his predecessor, at the court leet held in so rich is the town represented to have been at the time Oct., when constables and other inferior officers are of this fire, that veins of melted gold and silver are said likewise appointed. The elective franchise was con- to have run in one common current, down the streets, ferred in the 7th of Edward VI., from which time the In 1285, Boston suffered greatly from an inundation of borough returned two members to parliament, until it the river, and the mercantile ardour of the inhabitants was disfranchised by the act of the 2nd of William IV., being checked by the plunder of the fair and the con- cap. 45. The town-hall, a small building, is appropri- flagration of the town, its prosperity began to decline, ated also to the use of a charity school, which is chiefly In the early part of the reign of Edward TL, it was made supported by the mayor and burgesses, who appoint the a staple port for wool, leather, tin, lead, and other corn- master, and allow him a salary of £20 per annum, modities, which soon gave^ new impulse to the spirit of There are some remains of King Arthur’s castle, on the commercial enterprise 3 and the settlement in England top of a stupendous rock, formerly part of the main of the Hanseatic merchants, who established a guild land, but now connected with it only by a narrow here, tended so powerfully to revive the former pros- isthmus : the summit comprises an area of thirty acres perity of the town, that, in the reign of Edward III., it of pasture 3 but the acclivities are so steep that it is sent deputies to three grand councils held at West- almost inaccessible to the sheep that graze on it. minster, and contributed 17 ships and 26 1 men towards BOSSINGTON, a tything, in the parish of Porlock, the armament for the invasion of Britanny. union of WiLLiTON, hundred of Carh AM PTON, W, divi- The town is situated on the banks of the river sion of Somerset 3 containing 133 inhabitants. Witham, which divides it into two wards, east and BOSSINGTON {St. James), a parish, in the union west, connected by a handsome iron bridge of one arch, of Stockbridge, hundred of Thorngate, Romsey and erected by the corporation, in 1807, at an expense of S. divisions of the county of Southampton, 3^ miles £22,000, under the superintendence of Mr. Rennie. (S. W. by S.) from Stockbridge 3 containing 60 inhabit- The streets are well paved, and lighted with gas, under ants. A new church was erected in 1840. The Roman acts passed in the l6th and 46th of George III., for the road from Salisbury to Winchester passes through the general improvement of the town, and many handsome place. buildings have been erected 3 but the inhabitants are BOSTOCK, a township, in the parish of Daven- scantily supplied with water, wffiich the more opulent ham, union and hundred of Northwtch, S. division of collect from rain, in cisterns attached to their houses, the county of Chester, 2 |: miles (N. W. by W.) from and the poorer bring from the river, or from pits in the 296 Seal and Arms. B O S T B o s r neighbourhood. Frequent attempts to procure a better supply, by boring, have failed j and in Feb. 1829, after expending £1800, the last undertaking was relinquished. There are two subscription libraries j a handsome suite of assembly rooms, built by the corporation in 1820 5 a commodious theatre, erected in 1806 ; and a theatre of arts, exhibiting views of various cities, with appro- priate moving figures, which is open every Wednesday evenino:. About half a mile from the town are Vauxhall Gardens, which, during the season, are brilliantly illu- minated, and numerously attended 5 they were designed by Mr. Charles Cave in 1813, and comprise about two acres of ground : in the centre is an elegant saloon sixty-two feet wide. The TRADE of the port, from an accumulation of silt in the river, which impeded its navigation, had begun to decline about the middle of the last century, but was revived by forming a canal, deepening the I’iver, and en- larging the harbour. The exports consist chiefly of the agricultural produce of the county 1 the imports 07 /'., -.^ 7.7 are timber, hemp, tar, ancient Ad7>uralty iron, from the Baltic ; and J‘^risdiction, now abolished. a considerable coasting trade is also carried on, which of late years has rapidly increased. Since the fens ad- joining the town have been drained and cultivated, a tract of rich land, of nearly 70,000 acres, has been obtained, which, besides producing grain, feeds a great number of sheep and oxen, remarkable for their size and fatness : oats in great quantity are shipped to various parts of the coast, and wool to the manufacturing dis- tricts in Yorkshire, whence coal and other articles are brought in return. The quay, which is conveniently adapted to the loading of vessels, is accessible to ships of 100 tons’ burthen. The custom-house, a commodious building, was erected at the public expense, and the pilot-office was built in 1811 j the establishment of the latter consists ( f a master, twelve pilots, and a few super- numeraries. Tne river Witham is navigable to Lincoln, from which place, by means of canals communicating with the Trent, there is an inland navigation to almost every part of the kingdom. About 40 boats are em- ployed in the fishery, and shrimps of superior quality, soles, smelts, and herrings are taken in profusion : in 1772, the corporation erected a fish market, which was taken down, and a new one upon a larger scale erected, in 18 16. The market is on Wednesday and Saturday, and is abundantly supplied with poultry, a large quan- tity of which is sent to London every week, also with vegetables and fruit. The fairs are on May 4th for sheep, and the day following for cattle ; Aug. 11th, which is called the Town fair; Nov. 30th, and the three following days, for horses and horned- cattle ; and Dec. 11th, for horned-cattle only. Boston is a* borough by prescription, and, according to a charter bestowed by Henry VIII., and confirmed and extended by Elizabeth and other sovereigns, the government was vested in a mayor, (who was also clerk of the market and admiral of the port,) a recorder, de- puty-recorder, 12 aldermen, 18 common-councilmen, a Yol. L—297 judge and marshal of the admiralty court, and other officers. The court of ad- miralty, granted by Queen Elizabeth, and which had a jurisdiction extending over the whole of the adjacent coast, was abolished bv the act of the 5th and 6th of William IV., c. 76; and un- der this act the corporation Corporation Seal. consists of a mayor, SIX aldermen, and eighteen councillors ; the number of borough magistrates is nine, but the magistrates for the division exercise a concur- rent jurisdiction. A court of record, for the recovery of debts to any amount, is held before the mayor, the alderman who is a magistrate, and the town- clerk, who is likewise registrar of the court. The petty-sessions for the wapentakes of Skirbeck and Kirton are held weekly at the public office in Bridge-street ; the general quarter-sessions for the parts of Holland are held here and at Spalding ; and a court of requests, for the reco- very of debts not exceeding £5, is held once a fortnight, under an act obtained in the 47th of George III. The elective franchise was conferred in the reign of Edward VI., since which time the borough has returned two representatives to parliament. The right of election was formerly vested in the members of the corporation, the sons of aldermen, and eldest sons of common- councilmen, residing as householders within the borough, and in the resident freemen generally, in number 400 ; but, by the act of the 2nd of William IV., cap. 45, it was extended to the £10 householders of the borough, the limits of which, comprising 4574a. 2r. Sp., were en- larged by the act of the 2nd and 3rd of the same reign, cap. 64, and now include 4614 acres. The mayor is returning officer. The guildhall is an ancient building, in the council-chamber of which is a fine portrait of Sir Joseph Bankes, presented by him when recorder of Boston. The gaol is a handsome building, at the south end of the town, erected in 1811. The LIVING is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £33. 6. 8. ; net income, £360, the greater part of which is paid out of the proceeds of certain lands granted by Philip and Mary ; and out of the same fund £200 are received by a lecturer, the vicar and lecturer stand- ing in the place of two presbyters named in that grant ; patrons and impropriators, Mayor and Corporation, who, by the Municipal Act, are required to dispose of the advow^son. The tithes for the eastern division of the parish were commuted for land and a money payment in 1810. The church is a magnificent structure, in the decorated English style, erected in 1309^ with a lofty square tower surmounted by an octagonal lantern turret, in the later English style ; the tower, which is 300 feet high, and was once illuminated during the night, forms a conspicuous landmark for mariners traversing the North Sea. An additional church was erected, a few years since, by subscription : the living is a perpetual curacy, endowed with £100 per annum by the corpora- tion, who are the patrons. There are places of worship for General and Particular Baptists, the Society of Friends, Independents, Methodists, Unitarians, and Roman Catholics. The free grammar school, founded 2 Q B O S W B O S W and endowed in 1554, under the above grant of Philip and Mary, is under the control of the trustees for chari- table purposes appointed under the net of the 5th and 6 th of William IV. : the schoolroom was built in 1567, and a convenient house for the master in 1826 . A school was founded, in 1707 j by Mr. Laughton, who endowed it with lands in Skirbeck, producing about £50 per annum, since augmented by other benefactors 3 and a Blue- coat school, founded in 1713, for clothing and instructing boys and girls, and two national and Lan- easterian schools, established in 1815, are supported by subscription. A general dispensary was instituted in 1795 . The poor law union of Boston comprises 27 parishes or places, and contains a population of 34,680. Of the numerous monastic establishments which for- merly existed in the town and its vicinity, there remain only some slight vestiges of the Black, or Dominican friary, established in the year 1288. The ancient church of St. John, formerly the parish church, has been totally removed, but the cemetery is still used as a burying- ground. John Fox, the celebrated martyrologist, was a native of the town. Boston confers the title of Vis- count on the Irby family. BOSTON, a village, forming, with Clifford, a town- ship, in the parish of Bramham, Upper division of the wapentake of Barkstone-Ash, W. riding of York, 3 miles (S. S. E.) from Wetherby 5 containing 1566 in- habitants, of whom 1014 are in Boston. This large and commanding village is of recent growth, and has arisen in consequence of the discovery, in 1744, of a mineral spring here, called Thorp Arch Spa, on account of Thorp Arch, in the vicinity, affording the nearest accommoda- tion for visiters, before the building of the village of Boston, the first house having been erected in 1753. The water is of a saline taste, and of a slightly sulphu- reous smell, and is possessed of purgative and diuretic qualities : it is taken in larger quantities than the Harro- gate water, and is efficacious in cases of general relaxa- tion, bilious, and dyspeptic complaints, and glandular obstructions. Its analysis, in 1784, exhibited in one gallon, an ounce of inflammable air, fixed air, and muriatic salt 3 16 grains of calcareous and selenitical earth, and a small quantity of iron suspended in fixed air. For the accommodation of the visiters to this place of fashionable resort, there is a pump-room, with hot and cold baths, the conveniences and benefits of which, together with the salubrity of the air, and the picturesque situation of the spot, in a valley, on the southern side of the river Wharfe, (the village communicating with Thorp Arch by a good stone bridge,) contribute greatly to increase the sanative effect of the spa water. A chapel of ease to the church at Bramham, a neat plain build- ing, erected on land given by Mr. Samuel Tate, was consecrated in 1815 : the living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £1463 patron. Vicar of Bramham. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans 3 and at Thorp Arch is a charity school, founded by Lady Elizabeth Hastings. BOSWORTH, HUSBAND’S {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Market-Harboroxjgh, hundred of Gartree, S. divisioti of the county of Leicester, 6 miles (W. S. W.) from Hardborough 3 containing 953 inhabitants. The river Welland bounds the parish on the south and south-east, and the Avon on the north- west 3 and the Grand Union canal crosses the western 298 part of it, being conducted through a tunnel, II 70 yards in length, to the northern side of the village. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £24. 15. 7^. ; net income, £929 j patron and incumbent. Rev. J. T. Mayne. The church had its spire greatly damaged through a storm of thunder and lightning, in July, 1755, There are places of worship for Particular Baptists, Wesleyans, and Roman Catholics. A school for boys is partly supported by a bequest of £1 5 per annum 3 another for girls is maintained by Mrs-. Mayne 3 and a third for boys and girls, partly by Miss Turvile.. BOSWORTH, MARKET {St, Peter), a parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Sparkenhoe, S. division of the county of Leicester 3 comprising the chapelries of Barleston, Carlton, Shenton, and Sutton - Cheney, and part of the townships of Barton-in-the- Beans and Osbaston 3 and containing 2539 inhabitants^ of whom 1135 are in the town of Market-Bosworth, 7 miles (N. by W.) from Hinckley, which is the post town, and 13 (W. by S.) from Leicester. This place, in Domesday book called Bosworde, takes the prefix to its name from a market granted to the inhabitants in the reign of Edward I. The neighbourhood is celebrated as the scene of a decisive battle which took place on the 22 nd of Aug., 1485, between Richard HI. and the Earl of Richmond, afterwards Henry VII. : this battle, the last of the sanguinary conflicts between the houses of York and Lancaster, was fought on Redmoor Plain, in the lordship of Sutton-Cheney, a long tract of uneven ground extending in the direction of Atherstone, from about a mile below Bosworth, now inclosed, and since that event better known as Bosworth Field. On a hill, about two miles south-west of the town, is a small spring, inclosed with rough stones, in the form of a small pyramid or obelisk, which bears the name of King Richard’s Well,” where that monarch, according to tradition, quenched his thirst during the action 3 and this circumstance has been commemorated by Dr. Parr, who visited the spot in 1813, in a short Latin inscrip- tion, placed immediately above the spring. Numerous swords, shields, spurs, and other military relics, have been dug up at different times in the neighbourhood. The TOWN, which is pleasantly situated on an emi- nence, contains some respectable houses, and is well supplied with water. The manufacture of w^orsted- stockings is carried on here, and in the adjacent vil- lages, to a considerable extent 3 and great facility has been given to trade by the Ashby and Coventry canal, which, passing within a mile of the town, affords a medium for supplying it with coal and other articles. The soil is good, but often clayey 3 it rests on gravel, with a substratum of sand, and it is remarkable that the best land is on the hills. There is a market on Wed- nesday 3 and fairs are held on May 8 th, for horses, horned- cattle, and sheep, and July 10 th, which is called the Cherry fair 3 there are also statute fairs on Oct. 2 nd and about a fortnight before Martinmas. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £55. 18. 4 . 3 net income, £903 3 patron,. Sir W. W. Dixie, Bart., of Bosworth Hall : the tithes were commuted for land and money payments in 1794. The church is a spacious ancient structure, with a beautiful spire, and contains many interesting monuments, among the finest of which is one to some members of the Dixie family. There are chapels of ease at Barleston, Carlton, Shenton, and BOTH BOTH Sutton- Ckeiaey. The^e are places of worship for Bap- paternal estate to his son Robert, and the barony of tists and Independents. The free grammar school, Bothal to his younger son John j but the former, with which is open to all boys of the parishes of Bosworth a force of 300 men, seized upon the barony, from which, and Cadeby, was founded in 1593, by Sir Wolstan Dixie, however, be was subsequently ejected. On the failure Knt., who endowed it with lands, and with two fellow- of John’s issue, in 1465, Robert, great grandson of Sir ships of £30, .and four scholarships of £10 per annum each, at Emanuel College, Cambridge. In consequence of some abuses, the’ alFairs were in Chancery for nearly 50 years, during the greater part of which time the esta- blishment was discontinued ; but, in 1 837^ new premises were begun, which were opened on the 1 st of Feb. 1830^ and form a very handsome pile. The Rev. Anthony Blackwall, an eminent critic and classical scholar, was master, and the celebrated Dr. Johnson, for a short time, usher j and Richard Dawes, the learned critic, was educated here under the former. The poor law union of Bosworth comprises 38 parishes or places, and contains a population of 13,600. This is the birth- place of Thomas Simpson, the eminent mathematician, who died here in 1761 , and was interred at Sutton- Cheney, where a tablet has lately been erected to his memory. BOTCHERBY, a township, in the parish of St. CuTHBERT, Carlisle, Cumberland ward, union of CARL.ISLE, E. division of Cumberland 5 containing 135 inhabitants. BOTCHERGATE, a township, in the parish of St. Cuthbert, Carlisle, Cumberlanj) w^ard, union of CARiLrsL^;, E. division of Cumberland 5 containing 5460 inhabitants. BOTCHESTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Ratby, union of Market-Bosworth, hundred of Sparkenhoe, S. division of the county of Leicester, 6 miles (E. N. E.) from Market-Bosworth 5 containing 37 inhabitants. BOTESDALE, a chapelry and post-town (formerly a market-town), in the parish of Redgrave, union and hundred of Hartismere, W. division of Suefolk, 35 miles (N. N. W.) from Ipswich, and 86 "'^N. ,E. by N.) from London, on the road to Norwich 5 containing 633 inhabitants. The name, a contraction of Botolph’s Dale, is derived from Botolph, the tutelar saint of the chapel, and from the dale in which the place is situated. The town consists principally of one long street, which ex-^ tends into the parishes of Rickinghall Superior and Inferior 5 the houses are indifferently built, but the in- habitants are amply supplied with water from wells. A small fair for cattle and pedlery is held on Holy-Thurs- day ; and courts leet and baron are held at Whitsuntide j at the former of which constables and other officers are appointed. The chapel is a small and rather mean building, but of some antiquity. A free grammar school for six boys was founded and endowed, in 1561, by Sir Nicholas Bacon. BOTHAL (St, Andrew), a parish, in the union of Morpeth, E. division of Morpeth ward, N. division of Northumberland 5 containing the townships of Ashington with Sheepwash, Bothal- Demesne, Longhirst, Oldmoor, and Pegsworth, and 800 inhabitants, of whom 349 are :in the township of Botbal-Demesne, 3 miles (E.) from Morpeth. This place, before the Conquest the property of Gisulf, the Saxon, was part of the estate forfeited by Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland, and from the early part of the 13th century was in the hands of the family of Bertram, from whom, in 1363, it passed by marriage to Sir Robert Ogle, who bequeathed his 299 Robert Ogle (who distinguished himself in the cause of the house of York, and was created Lord Ogle, of Ogle), succeeded to the barony, which is now the property of the Duke of Portland, to w'hose grandfather it descended through the heiresses of the families of Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Hollis, Duke of Newcastle^ under- Line, and Harley, Earl of Oxford. The parish is bounded on the south by the river Wansbeok, and com- prises, with Hebburn chapelry, 15,390 acres, of which 1 3,050 are arable, 3/30 pasture and meadow, and 530 woodland 3 the soil is in general of poor quality, being a stiff clay 5 but the country abounds in beautiful wood and rock scenery. Coal is abundant in the south-eastern part of the parish, and there is an extensive quarry of freestone on the bank of the Wansbeck, and one of whinstone near Causey Park. . The village is romantb cally situated in a small vale on the north of the river Wansbeck, and is sheltered on all sides by a beautiful range of hills, which surround it in the form of an am- phitheatre. The LIVING is a rectory, with the rectory of Sheepwash annexed, valued in the Ling’s books at £35 3 patron, Dul^e of Portland : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £1377. 15., and there are 105 acres of glebe, with a house. The church, of which the foundation is very ancient, contains an altar-tomb of alabaster, with the recumbent effigies of a member of the Ogle family and his lady. There is a chapel at Heb* burn, rebuilt in 1793, at the joint expense of the rector of Bothal, and the proprietors of-the chapelry. On the north bank of the Wansbeck, between the villages of Bothal and Morpeth, in the middle of a rich hanging wood, and surrounded by the wildest and most romantic scenery, are the remains of an oratory, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. A considerable portion of the ancient baronial castle is now in ruins 5 but the gateway, built in the reign of Edward III., was, a few years since, re- paired and fitted up as an occasional residence for the steward. BOTHAMSALL (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of East Retford, Hatfield division of the wapentake of Bassetlaw, N. division of the county of Nottingham, 4| miles (W. N. W.) from Tuxford 3 containing 335 in- habitants. It comprises 3367 acres, and is intersected by the river Meden. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £53 3 patron and impfopriator, Duke of Newcastle. Henry Walters, in 1692, founded a free school at Houghton, which is endowed with £35 per annum 3 and the inhabitants are entitled to the privilege of sending a certain number of children to that and the school at West Drayton. There is a tumulus, called Castle Hill, a little westward from the village of Bot- hamsall. BOTHEL, a township, in the parish of Torpenhow, union of Cockermouth, Allerdale ward below Der- went, W. division of Cumberland, 4 miles (W.) from Ireby 3 containing, with the township of Threapland, 455 inhabitants. This is a long straggling village : the vicinity abounds with limestone, and there are kilns for burning it. A school is endowed with 37 acres of land, yielding £43 per annum. 3 Q 3 B O T T B O T T BOTHENHAMPTON (Holy Trinity), a parish^ in the union of Bridport, liberty of Loders and Bothen- HAMPTON, Bridport division of Dorset, mile (S. E. by S.) from Bridport • containing 533 inhabitants. It is situated within a quarter of a mile of the great west- ern road, and about the same distance from Bridport Harbour, on the southern coast : there are some quar- ries of excellent building-stone. The living is a per- petual curacy 5 net income, £46 5 patron. Sir M. H. Nepean, Bart. A national school is supported by sub- scription. BOTH-HERGESTS, a township, in the parish and union of Kington, hundred of Huntington, county of Hereford ; containing 244 inhabitants. BOTLEY, a hamlet, in the parish of Chesham, union of Amersham, hundred of Burnham, county of Buckingham ; containing 499 inhabitants. BOTLEY, a tything, in the parishes of Cumner and North Hinksey, union of Abingdon, hundred of Hormer, county of Berks, 1^ mile (W.) from Oxford 3 containing 155 inhabitants. BOTLEY {Jll Saints), a parish, in the union of South Stoneham, hundred of Mansbridge, South- ampton and S. divisions of the county of Southampton, 6 miles (S.) from Southampton ; containing 904 inha- bitants, of whom 436 are in the North portion, and 468 in the South. This parish, originally called Botleigh, comprises 1790a. Ir. 2p.,of which 982 acres are arable, 198 pasture, 84 common, and 474 woodland and cop- pice ; it is situated on the river Hamble, which is navigable for boats up to the village, and turns several corn-mills in the parish. A considerable trade in flour, timber, hoops, and coal is carried on ; and a paper-mill affords employment to about forty persons. A market for corn is held on Wednesday, and a cattle market every alternate Monday 5 and fairs, chiefly or toys and pedlery, are held on Shrove-Tuesday, Whit-Tuesday, and the Tuesday before St. Bartholomew’s- day 5 for cheese, on Feb. 20 th, and May 28th ; and for cattle, on July 23rd, Aug. 20 th, and November 13th. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 10. 2^., and in the patronage of the Duke of Rutland : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £391. 17* 8 ., and there are about 21 acres of glebe. The old church, which stands nearly a mile to the south of the village, consists only of a nave and chancel, and contains an ancient and curious font. A new church, erected at an expense of £2400, was consecrated in August, 1836 3 it contains 550 sittings, of which half are free, and has a handsome steeple.^ A strong chalybeate spring near the church was formerly in great repute, but is now disused. BOTOLPH-BRIDGE {Jll Saints), a parish, in the hundred of Norman-Cross, county of Huntingdon, 2 miles (S. W. by W.) from Peterborough. The living is a rectory, united, in 17^ L to that of Orton-Longville, and valued in the king’s books at £ 8 . 6 . lOj. The church is desecrated, BOTTESFORD (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Grantham, hundred of Framland, N. division of the county of Leicester, 7 nailes (W. N. W.) from Grantham 5 containing, with the hamlets of Easthorpe and Normanton, 1375 inhabitants. From the discovery of various relics of antiquity, this place is supposed to have been occupied by the Romans. The Grantham canal passes through the parish. The living is a rectory^ 300 valued in the king’s books at £51. 5. j net income, £9935 patron, Duke of Rutland : the tithes were commuted for land in 1 770. The church is a spacious cruciform struc- ture, with a tower supporting a spire at the western end 3 it has been the burial-place of the noble family of Manners since the dissolution of monasteries, at which period several monuments to the memory of de- ceased members of that family were removed hither from the conventual church at Belvoir. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists. In 171 Lthe Rev. Abel Ligonier and Anthony Ravell bequeathed 32 acres of land for teaching 28 boys 3 the schoolmaster receives from the charity £31. 10. per annum, and instructs other children. BOTTESFORD (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Glandford-Brigg, partly in the W., but chiefly in the E., division of the wapentake of Manley, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 7 miles (W.) from Gland- ford-Brigg 3 containing, with the townships of Ashby, Bottesford, Burringham, Holme, Yaddlethorpe, and part of that of East Butterwick, 1586 inhabitants, of whom 153 are in Bottesford township. The parish is of considerable size 3 much of the land is fertile, and of various qualities of soil, but a great extent is sterile and swampy moor, some portions of which, however, have been lately improved by draining, and by warpage from the Trent. The living is a discharged vicarage,* united, in 17 ^ 7 > to the vicarage of Messingham, and valued in the king’s books at £ 10 : the tithes of Ashby, Bottes- ford and Yaddlethorpe, were commuted for land and corn-rents, under an inclosure act, in 1794, and those of Burringham, Holme, and East Butterwick have been commuted for a rent-charge. The church is an ancient structure of a mixed character of architecture, with a square tower, and Norman porch. There are places of worship at Ashby and Burringham for Wesleyans, and one at Yaddlethorpe for Primitive Methodists. BOTTESLAW, a township, in the parish and union of Stoke-upon-Trent, N. division of the hundred of PiREHiLL and of the county of Stafford 3 containing 65 inhabitants. BOTTISHAM (Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Newmarket, hundred of Staine, county of Cambridge, 6 miles (W. S. W.) from Newmarket 3 con- taining 1484 inhabitants. The parish comprises about 5000 acres, of which 400 are pasture, and the rest ai'able, with the exception of a few acres of woodland. A con- siderable part of the village was destroyed by fire in 171 ^. The petty-sessions are held here. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £163 net income, £2583 patrons and impropriators. Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1801. The church contains the tomb of Elias de Beckingham, justiciary of England in the reign of Ed- ward I. At Bottisham Lode is a place of worship for Particular Baptists. Sir Roger Jenyns, Knt., founded a school in 1730, and endowed it with "£20 per an- num 3 and a national school was erected in 1838. A moiety of the income of an endowed almshouse at Eastham, founded by Giles Breame, Esq., in 1621 , is paid to three poor men of this place 3 and the poor derive benefit from a bequest of £118. 3. 9. per an- num by the Rev. W. Pugh, late vicar, who died in 1825 3 annum by Henry Sheppard 3 and £5 B O U G B O U G per annum, by another benefactor. A small priory of Augustine canons, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin and St. Nicholas, was founded at Anglesey, in the parish, by Henry I., the revenue of which, in the 26th of Henry VIIL, was £149. 18. 6. : the site is now occupied by a farm-house, in the walls of which a portion of the con- ventual buildings is visible. Soame Jenyns, author of the Evidences of Christianity,” and a volume of poems, was a native of the parish. BOTTOMS, a hamlet, in the parish of Blidworth, union of Mansfield, hundred of Thurgarton, liberty of Southwell and Scrooby, though locally in the wapentake of Broxtow, S. division of the county of Nottingham ; containing 250 inhabitants. BOTUSFLEMING, a parish, in the union of St. Germans, S. division of the hundred of East, E. divi- sion of CoRNW^ALL, 3 miles (N. W.) from Saltash ; con- taining 250 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £16. 15. 7|- j net in- come, £1905 patron and incumbent. Rev. William Spry. In the centre of a field, on the northern side of the village, stands a pyramidal monument, erected to the memory of Dr. William Martin, of Plymouth, who died in 1762. BOTWELL, a hamlet, in the parish of Hayes, union of Uxbridge, hundred of Elthorne, county of Mid- dlesex ; containing 373 inhabitants. BOUGHTON {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Downham, hundred of Clackclose, W. division of Norfolk, mile (N.) from Stoke-Ferry 5 containing 209 inhabitants. The parish comprises 1323a. Ir. 9,7p., of which 721 acres are arable, M9 meadow and pasture, 24 woodland and plantations, and 43 common allotted to the poor at the inclosure. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10 5 patron. Sir W. J. H. B. Folkes, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £410, and the glebe comprises 30 acres, with a small house. The church is an ancient structure in the early English style, with a square embattled tower. BOUGHTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Weekley, hundred of Corby, N. division of the county of North- ampton, 2| miles (N. E. by N.), from Kettering. Here was formerly a chapel. BOUGHTON {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Brixworth, hundred of Spelhoe, S. division of the county of Northampton, 3f miles (N.) from Northampton ; containing 389 inhabitants. This parish, formerly called Buckton, is bounded on the west and north by the river Nene, and intersected by the road from Northampton to Leicester, and comprises by computation 1273 acres : limestone is^ quarried, princi- pally for the roads. A chartered fair for cattle and for manufactured wares is held on the 24th of June, and two following days. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £20. 9. 7. j net income, £296 5 patron. Col. Vyse. The church is in ruins 5 but there is a chapel, lately rebuilt, in which Divine service is per- formed. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. Some remains still exist of an ancient family mansion, the residence of Lord Strafford. BOUGHTON, a parish, in the union of Southwell, Hatfield division of the wapentake of Bassetlaw, N. division of the county of Nottingham, if mile (N. E. by E.) from Ollerton 3 containing 309 inhabitants, and 301 comprising 1750 acres. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Chapter of the Col- legiate Church of Southwell, to whom also the impro- priation belongs 3 net income, £300. BOUGHTON- ALUPH {All Saints), a parish, in the union of East Ashford, hundred of Wye, Upper division of the lathe of Scray, E. division of Kent, 4 miles (N. N. E.) from Ashford 3 containing 524 inha- bitants. It is bounded on the east by the river Stour, and comprises about 2000 acres, of which the soil is, to a great extent, chalky. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 5. 3 patrons, Trus- tees of Dr. Breton 5 impropriator. Rev. J. Billington ; the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £600, and there are 28 acres of glebe. The church is a spacious cruciform structure, built of flint ^ and ashlar- stone, with a low central tower. BOUGHTON, GREAT, a township, and the head of a union, in the parish of St. Oswald, Chester, Lower division of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester 3 containing 949 inhabitants. The township is intersected by two turnpike-roads to Ches- ter, one from Whitchurch, and the other from Nant- wich 3 and near their junction has been formed a considerable village, which unites with one of the streets of Chester. The Chester and Nantwich canal, and the Chester and Crewe railway, also pass through it 3 and the river Dee adjoins on the west. Across the middle of the township stretches a belt of deep rich loam, which, from its proximity to Chester, lets at a high rate for garden ground 3 the rest is a clayey soil, held by milkmen, butchers, &c. The poor law union of Great Boughton comprises 99 parishes or places, of which 96 are in Cheshire, and 3 in the county of Flint, North Wales 3 and contains a population of 49,085. BOUGHTON-MALHERB {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Hollingbourn, hundred of Eyhorne, lathe of Aylesford, W. division of Kent, l| mile (S. W. by S.) from Lenham 3 containing 512 inhabit- ants. This parish is divided by a ridge of hills into two districts, Boughton Upland and Boughton Weald, the latter so called from its situation within the Weald of Kent. The family of Wotton resided here for a considerable period, and this is the birthplace of its most accomplished member. Sir Henry Wotton, who was employed by James I. in several foreign embassies, and whose biography is written by Izaak Walton. The remains of the mansion, on a panel in which is inscribed the date 1579^ have been converted into a farm-house. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 15., and in the patronage of Earl Cornwallis : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £300, and the glebe comprises six acres. The church is situated on the summit of the ridge of hills, and is a handsome edifice with a square tower at the west end 3 it contains several interesting monu- ments to members of the family of Wotton, and a mural tablet to the memory of Dr. Sharpe, chaplain to Queen Elizabeth, James I., and Prince Henry. There is a national school. BOUGHTON-MONCHELSEA {St. Peter), a pa- rish, in the union of Maidstone, hundred of Eyhorne, and extending into the hundred of Maidstone, lathe of Aylesford, W. division of Kent, 4 miles (S. by E.) B O U L B O U R from Maidstone 3 containing 1106 inhabitants. It com- prises l693a. 3r. and is intersected by a ridge of hills, the summit of which forms the northern boundary of the Weald of Kent, and on the southern declivity of which are several stone quarries. The living is a vicar- age, valued in the king’s books at £7. 13. 4. 3 net income, £395 3 patrons and appropriators, Dean and Chapter of Rochester. The church is a small edifice, with a handsome tower, and has been partly rebuilt, the body of it having been destroyed by fire, in 1832 3 there are some remarkable monuments, especially one to the memory of Sir Christopher Powell. A school is partly supported by subscription. BOUGHTON, SPITTLE, an extra-parochial liberty, in the union of Great Boughton, and county of the city of Chester 3 containing 1 91 inhabitants. BOUGHTON-UNDER-BLEAN {St. Peeper and St. Paul), a parish, in the union of Eaversham, hun- dred of Boughton-under-Blean, lathe of Scray, E. division of Kent, 3 miles (S. E. by E.) from Faver- sham 3 containing 1373 inhabitants. This place derives its distinguishing epithet from the adjacent forest of Blean, which was anciently the haunt of wild boars, wolves, and other beasts of chace 3 but the description applies more particularly to the situation of that part of the parish which is now called South-street. The parish comprises 2349 union of Chester-le-Street, N. division of Easington ward and of the county of Durham; containing 891 inhabitants. This township, bounded iDy Bidibk on the north, was separated from that district about eighty years since, probably on ac- count of the population attached to the collieries : the name appears to have been derived from the stream called Moors-bwm, which falls into the river Wear in Lumley Park. It comprises 500 acres, of which 375 are arable, 100 grass land, and 25 waste. At New Lambton, in the township, is a brine well, 97 fathoms deep, where salt-works were established in 1815. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans. BOURNE (St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, and the head of a union, in the wapentake of Aveland, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 36 miles (S.) from Lincoln, and 97 (N.) from London ; containing, with the hamlets of Cawthorpe and Dyke, 3361 inhabit- ants. This place takes its name from a stream of re- markably pure water, issuing from a copious spring contiguous to the town, near the Castle Hill, and called the Bourn-Eau ; bourn being the Saxon term for brook or torrent. Though little of its early history is known, the town is supposed, from the discovery of Roman coins and tessellated pavements, to have been anciently of some importance. When the Dfc^hes invaded England in the ninth century. Marcot, the Saxon lord of Bourne, with a few of his own vassals and a detachment from Croyland Abbey, after an obstinate engagement, de- feated a party of them who had made an inroad into this part of Lincolnshire. Prior to the time of Edward the Confessor, a castle was erected here, of which only the trenches and mounds are discernible : it appears to have included an area of more than eight acres. In 1138, Baldwin, a descendant pf Walter Fitz- Gilbert, to whom the town was given by William Rufus, founded a priory for canons of the order of St. Augus- tine, the site alone of which, now called the Trenches, is visible : the revenue, at the Dissolution, was £197. 17-5. In the seventeenth century. Bourne was twice nearly destroyed by fire. The parish comprises about 10,000 acres : the town, which is intersected by the Hull, Lincoln, and London north road, consists principally of one very long street, the houses in which are in general modern and well built. A considerable trade in leather was formerly carried on, and several extensive tan-yards were at work ; but this branch of industry has now altogether declined. A canal has been constructed to Spalding and Boston, by which means it is supplied with coal, timber, and other commodities. The market is on Saturday •, the fairs are on April 7f-b, May 7th, and October 29tb. The county magistrates bold a meeting every Saturday ; and courts of session for the parts of Kesteven are held quarterly. The town-hall, erected at an expense of £2500; on the site of a former one, built by William Cecil, lord treasurer in the reign of Elizabeth, is a spacious handsome edifice, under which is the market-place. 303 The LIVING is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8 ; patron and impropriator, the Hon. Charles Compton Cavendish. An allotment of 232 acres of land was made to the vicar in lieu of tithes, in 1768, and is let on lease, producing £320 per annum. The church, though spacious, appears to be only part of a larger structure ; it is very ancient, and is principally Norman, but contains several portions in the early and later styles of English architecture, and has two towers of mixed character, of which the southern is considerably higher than the other, and is crowned with pinnacles ; it had formerly two towers at the west front, one of whieh was taken down about 135 years since. The interior, which has lately been repewed, and greatly beautified and repaired, consists of a nave, north and south aisles, and chancel ; on each side of the nave are some massive round pillars and arches. The western entrance is a fine speciinen of the later style, and over it is a large window of good composition. Within are some interest- ing monuments, a finely enriched font of the later style, and a stoup under a crocheted canopy ; also a slab to the memory of the Rev. W. Dodd, vicar, and Elizabeth his wife, the parents of the Rev. Dr. Dodd, who wa^ born here in 1729, and was executed at Tyburn for forgery, in June, 1777- There are places of worship for Presbyterians and Wesley ans. A grammar school for 30 children was founded in 1653, and endowed with £30 per annum and a schoolhouse by William Trollope, Esq., who also endowed an hospital for six aged men ; and William Fisher, by will, in 1627, endowed with land then let at £30 per annum, an almshouse for the same number of women : a national school, established in 1830, is endowed with £42 per annum. The poor law union of Bourne comprises 37 parishes or places, and contains a population of 19,832. There is a mineral spring in the town, which was formerly of great repute. William Cecil, created Baron Burleigh by Queen Eliza- beth, was born here in 1521. BOURNE (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Whitchurch, hundred of Evingar, Kingsclere and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 3 miles (N. W. by W.) from Whitchurch ; containing, with the tythings of Binley, Bourne, Egbury, Stoke, Swampton, and Week, 1152 inhabitants, of whom 384 are in Bourne tything. The living is annexed to the vicarage of Hurstbourn-Priors : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £110, and the glebe comprises 63 acres. The estate of the Earl of Portsmouth is charged with the annual payment of £16. 16. to a mistress for teaching 18 children, with a house rent-free ; the building has been lately enlarged, and 130 children are taught by a master and mistress, to the former of whom his lord- ship allows £21, and the remainder of the expenses is raised by subscription. BOURNE, EAST (St. Mary), a post-town and parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Eastbourne, rape of Pevensey, E, division of Sussex, 7 miles (S.) from Hailsham, and 64 (S. E.) from London ; containing 3015 inhabitants. This parish, which com- prises 4393a. Ir. 38p., is situated on the coast of the English Channel, which at this place was formerly re- markable for the loss of vessels ; and is bounded on the south-west by the bold promontory of Beachy Head, the sides of which are worn into numerous hollows and caverns by the incessant violence of the sea; it is di- B O U R B O U R vided into four parts, called Eastbourne, Southbourne, Meads, and Sea-Houses. Eastbourne is pleasantly situ- ated beneath the brow of a lofty hill, and consists chiefly of four streets j the bathing is excellent, the water clear and pellucid, the sands dry, and the cliffs lofty and picturesque. Assemblies are held occasionally in a suite of rooms at the Lamb inn. A strong circular fortifica- tion, called the Redoubt, comprising barracks, store- houses, and a magazine, surrounded by a deep intrench- ment, has been erected on the beach, in connexion with a line of martello towers on the coast, and there are several coast-guard stations. The market, formerly on Saturday, is discontinued 5 but fairs are held on March 12th for pedlery, and October 11th for sheep. Very fine shell-fish are caught in great abundance on the coast. The LIVING is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £26. 1. 8. 5 patron. Treasurer in the Cathedral of Chichester 5 impropriators, Earl of Burlington and the Gilbert family. The great tithes have been commuted for rent-charges of £879 to the impropriate rector, £33. 10. to other impropriators, and £36. .17. to the rector of Folkington 5 the vicarial tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £550 •, the glebe contains 3 acres. The church is a handsome edifice, chiefly in the early En- glish style, w’ith a fine tower at the west end. A chapel of ease was erected in 1838, on the road between South- bourne 'and Sea-Houses, in the lancet style, with a square embattled tower, surmounted by small pinnacles 5 it contains 528 sittings, of which 260 are free. There are places of wmrship for Independents and Wesleyans. A national school was erected in 1814, and a neat edi- fice for the education of infant children was erected, in 1838, at the expense of the Earl and Countess of Bur- lington. The poor law union of Eastbourne comprises 14 parishes or places, and contains a population of 7950: the workhouse was originally cavalry barracks, which, on tlie formation of the union, were converted to their present purpose. Coins and other Roman relics have been found at various times, and, in 17 17, a tessellated pavement and a bath were discovered ^ from which and other circumstances the towm has strong claims to the disputed site of the Roman settlement Anderida Cwitas, On the downs are several barrows 5 and on the road to the cliffs, contiguous to some chalk-pits, is the site of a chapel dedicated to St. Gregory. At Holywell, a mile west from the town, is a chalybeate spring, the water of which is similar to that of Clifton Wells. Eastbourne was the birthplace of Mortimer, the celebrated his- torical painter j and Davies Gilbert, LL.D., late pre- sident of the Royal Society, and author of several works, is buried here. BOURNE, [{St, John THE Baptist) i a pa- rish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of West- bourne and Singleton, rape of Chichester, W. division of Sussex, 7f miles (VV. N. W.) from Chiches- ter 5 containing, with the tythings of Aldsworth, Her- mitage, Nutbourne, Prinsted, and Woodmancot, 2093 inhabitants. The village, which was formerly a trading town of some importance, is pleasantly situated on a small stream, which is crossed by a bridge uniting the hamlet of Hermitage (through which passes the road from Chichester to Portsmouth) with the small brisk sea-port of Emsworth, in the county of Southampton. 304 On the south is Thorney ChannM, passable at low water for carriages to and from Thorney Island. A court for the recovery of debts under 405. is held every three weeks, and courts leet and baron occasionally. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10. 10, 5., and in the gift of the Rector, with a net income of £280 : the rectory is a sinecure, valued at £24. 13. 4. 3 net income, £870 3 patron. Major R. B. Newland. The church is a neat commodious structure, in the later English style, with a well-proportioned spire of British oak, erected by the Earl of Halifax, formerly the munificent proprietor of Stansted Park 3 the prin- cipal entrance is approached by an avenue of eight yew- trees, remarkable for their size, and on the arch of the doorway are carved the heraldic bearings of Lord Mal- travers, with an inscription almost illegible, of about the time of Edward IV. A national school was erected in 1836. Henry Smith bequeathed land, in 1642, now producing £60 per annum, for the apprenticing of chil- dren, and for the poor. The union of West Bourne comprises 12 parishes, and contains a population of 6668. BOURNEMOUTH, a village, in the parish, union, and hundred of Christchxtrch, Ringwood and S. divi- sions of the county of Southampton, about 6 miles (W. by S.) from Christchurch. This village, which is situated on the sea-shore, has recently become a place of fashionable resort for sea-bathing, and, from a secluded and unfrequented spot, has been tastefully laid out in a series of handsome detached villas of pleasing character, in various styles of architecture. A spacious hotel, commanding an extensive view of the sea, with the Isles of Wight and Purbeck, was built by the late Sir G. Jervis, the proprietor of the lands, for the reception of visiters 3 and a range of commodious baths has been erected on the beach, forming together a handsome suite of buildings, from the centre of which rises a tower of picturesque character, into which the flues of the various chimneys are conveyed. BOURTON, a tything, in the parish and hundred of Shrivenham, union of Farringdon, county of Berks, 7 miles (S. W. by S.) from Great Farringdon ; containing 396 inhabitants, and, according to a survey in 1838, comprising 1182 acres. There is a school, the instruction in which is chiefly gratuitous. BOURTON, a hamlet, in the parish, union, hundred, and county of Buckingham, 1^ mile (E.) from Buck- ingham 3 containing 48 inhabitants. BOURTON, a chapelry, in the parish and liberty of Gillingham, union of Mere, Shaston division of Dorset, 2 § miles (S. W. by W.) from Mere 3 containing 901 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Vicar and Inhabitants 3 net income, £50. The chapel has been enlarged within the last few years. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BOURTON, with Easton, a tything, in the parish of Bishops’ Cannings, union of Devizes, hundred of Potterne and Cannings, Devizes and N. divisions of Wilts ; containing 2l6 inhabitants. BOURTON, BLACK {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Witney, hundred of Bampton, county of Oxford, 4 miles (S. W.) from Witney 3 containing 331 inhabitants, and comprising about 2250 acres. The living is a discharged vicarage 3 net income, £1515 B O U R B O V E patrons and appropriators. Dean and Canons of Christ- Chnrch, Oxford : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £95. The church is in the early English style 3 in the chancel are the remains of Sir Arthur .Hopton, ambassador to the court of Spain in the reign of Charles I., and at the east end of the north aisle are several monuments to the Hungerford family ; the pul- pit is of stone, exquisitely sculptured in the decorated English style. BOURTON, FLAX, a parish, in the union of Bed- minster, hundred of Portbury, E. division of Somer- set, 5^ miles (W. by S.) from Bristol j containing 232 inhabitants. This place derives the adjunct by which it is distinguished from other places of the same name, from the manor having anciently belonged to the Abbot of Flaxley, in the county of Gloucester. The parish is situated at the base of a chain of hills forming the commencement of the Mendip range, and, from the higher grounds, commands a fine view of thq^ Bristol Channel, with the distant sea j it comprises an area of 621a. 2r. 3p. of fertile land. The village is pleasantly situated on the road to Weston-super-Mare, at the extremity of the parish 5 and the Bristol and Exeter railroad passes in the immediate vicinity. The living is annexed to that of Nailsea, and is in the patronage of Mrs. Mary Brown : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £95. The church is a small edifice, chiefly in the Norman style, with a low embattled tower 3 the entrance is under a beautiful arch of Norman cha- racter j in the churchyard are the remains of a very ancient cross. BOURTON, GREAT and LITTLE, a township, in the parish of Cropredy, union and hundred of Ban- bury, county of Oxford, 3 miles (N.) from Banbury 5 containing 593 inhabitants. Here was formerly a chapel, dedicated to St. Michael. The tithes were commuted for land and money payments in 1777. A free school is endowed with land devised by Mr. Thomas Gill, in ,1666, producing a net income of £23 per annum. BOURTONHOLD, a hamlet, in the parish, union, hundred, and county of Buckingham 5 containing 614 inhabitants. For this place overseers are separately appointed. BOURTON-ON-THE-HILL (St. Latfrejvce), a pa- rish, in the union of Shipston, partly in the Upper division of the hundred of Tewkesbury, and partly in the Upper division of that of Westminster, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 2 miles (W. by N.) from Moreton 5 containing 542 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, with Moreton annexed, valued in the king’s books at £14 3 net income, £675 3 patron and incumbent, Rev. S. W. Warneford : the tithes were commuted for land and corn-rents in 1821. Sir Thomas Overbury, an ingenious writer in the reign of James I., who was poi- soned while a prisoner in the Tower, was born here in 1581. BOURTON-ON-THE-WATER (St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union of Stow-on-the-Wold, Lower division of the hundred of Slaughter, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 4 miles (S. S. W.) from Stow 3 containing 943 inhabitants. The living is a rectory with Lower Slaughter annexed, valued in the king’s books at £27. 2. 8^., and in the patronage of Wadham College, Oxford 3 net income, £475. The church is a modern edifice, having a tower at the VOL. I.— 305 western end, rising from a rustic basement, with Ionic pilasters at the angles, and surmounted by a balustrade, urns, and cupola 3 within is a colonnade of the Ionic order. There is a place of w’orship for Particular Bap- tists 3 and a school is endowed with £12 per annum, accruing from property bequeathed by Anthony Collett, Esq., in 1719. The Roman Fosse-way passes through the parish 3 and about a quarter of a mile from the village is a square entrenchment, where coins, and other relics of the Romans, have been discovered : a paved aqueduct was formerly visible on one side of it. BOURTON-UPON-DUNSMOOR (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Rugby, Rugby division of the hundred of Knightlow, N. division of the county of Warwick, 4 miles (W. by S.) from Dunchurch 3 con- taining, with the tything of Draycot, 390 inhabitants* The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at ^ £19. 17. 3|,, and in the patronage of Mrs. Shuckburghf net income, £350. The tithes were commuted for land in 1765. BOUSTEAD-HILL, a township, in the parish of Burgh-upon-the-Sands, union of Carlisle, Cumber- land ward, and E. division of Cumberland, 7~ miles (W. N. W.) from Carlisle 3 containing 74 inhabitants. BOVENEY, LOWER, a chapelry, in the parish and hundred of Burnham, union of Eton, county of Buck- ingham, 2 miles (W.) from Eton 3 containing, with the liberty of Upper Bb veney, 362 inhabitants. The chapel, in which divine service is performed once a month, is dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene. BOVERIDGE, a tything, in the parish of Cran- borne, union of Wimborne and Cranborne, hundred of Monckton-up-Wimborne, Wimborne division of Dorset 3 containing 174 inhabitants. BOVEY, NORTH (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Newton-Abbot, hundred of Teign- bridge, Crockernwell and S. divisions of the county of Devon, If mile (S. W. by S.) from Moreton- Hampstead 5 containing 660 inhabitants. The lords of this manor formerly exercised the power of inflicting punishment for capital crimes. The vicinity is noted for mines of tin, which are worked to a considerable extent. A fair for cattle is held on the Monday next after Midsummer- day. The living is a rectory, valued in the king's books at £22. 10. 5., and in the patronage of the Earl of Devon : the tithes were commuted for a rent-charge of £325, and there are 26 acres of glebe. There is a parochial school. BOVEY-TRACEY (St. Thomas a Becket) , a parish, in the union of Newton-Abbot, hundred of Teign- bridge, Teignbridge and S. divisions of Devon, 4 miles (W. by S.) from Chudleigh3 containing 1823 inhabitants. This place derives the affix to its name from the family of the Traceys, Barons of Barnstaple, to whom the manor anciently belonged, and descendants of W^illiam de Tracey, wffio took the lead in the assassination of St. Thomas a Becket of Canterbury, in II70. An encounter took place between the royalist and parlia- mentarian forces on Bovey-Heathfield. The parish is pleasantly situated near the road from Exeter to Ply- mouth, and comprises 7186a. 22p. of fertile land 3 the substrata are chiefly coal of inferior quality, granite, and stone. A manufactory for earthenware has been esta- blished on Bovey-FIeathfield, for which purpose the remains of an ancient building, formerly the priory of 2 R BOW BOW Indiho^ and subsequently a private mansion, were appro- priated in 177^. A canal from Teignmouth to Ventiford bridge, about four miles from the village, and also a rail- road from the Hay tor Rocks to the same place, have been constructed by Geo, Templar, Esq,, for the con- veyance of wrought granite; and they also afford facility for bringing coal, sea-sand, and lime, and sending away Bovey coal, and pipe and potter’s clay, which are found here in great plenty. The place is under the government of a portreeve and bailiff ; the latter, chosen at the court leet of the lord of the manor, is, after having served that office, appointed portreeve. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £26. 2. 1., and in the patronage of the Crown : the impropriation is in the landholders : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £430, and the glebe comprises 7 a. Ir. lOp., with a house. The church is a large edifice, in the early English style, of which it displays some interesting details. There are places of worship for Baptists and Wesleyans. The parochial school is endowed with a house and garden for the master, and with £35 per annum, arising from lands purchased with the aggregate of various bequests ; and a national school for 200 scholars has been erected at an expense of £250. BOVIN GDON {St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union of Hemel-Hempstead, hundred of Dacorxjm, county of Hertford, 4 miles (S. W.) from Hemel-Hempstead 5 containing 107^ inhabitants. This ^rish, which com- prises by admeasurement 3700 acres, and contains the villages of Felden and Bourn-End, is situated ne^ the Grand Junction canal, and the London and Birmingham railway. Straw-platting ii extensively carried on by the women and children. The living is a perpetual curacy, constituted in 1834, (prior to which this was a chapelry in the parish of Hemel-Hempstead,) and endowed with the vicarial tithes, also by the Governors of Queen Anne’s Bounty, and by the patron, the Hon. Granville D. Ryder. The impropriate tithes belong to the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul’s, and have been commuted for a rent-charge of £710 ; the vicarial have been commuted for £190, and there are 11 acres of glebe. The church is a very ancient * edifice, exhibiting marks of Anglo- Saxon origin. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans in the village, and for Independents in Box Lane ; and schools for the instruction of the poor are supported by voluntary contributions. BOW, or Nymett-Tracy {St. Bartholomew), a parish, in the union of C rediton, hundred of North Tawton, South Molton and N. divisions of Devon, 7^ miles (W. by N.) from Crediton } containing 973 inha- bitants. The manor anciently belonged to the Tracey family, one of whom, Henry Tracey, obtained in 1258 the grant of a weekly market, and an annual fair, both of which have been discontinued ; but fairs for cattle are held on the 9th of March, the 20th of May, and 22nd of November. The parish comprises by computation 3400 acres. The living, to which the chapelry of Broad Ny- mett has been annexed, is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19. 8. 9., and in the patronage of Sir Thomas Lethbridge, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £370, and the glebe comprises 80 acres. The church is a neat edifice. John Gould, in 1682, endowed a school with £12 per annum, and a house for the use of the master 3 and a parochial school is sup- ported by subscription. 306 BOW, or Stratford-le-Bow {St. Mary), a parish, in the borough of Tower Hamlets, union of Poplar, Tower division of the hundred of Ossulstone, county of Middlesex, 4| miles (E. N. E.) from London ; con- taining 4626 inhabitants. This place derives its name “ Stratford ” from an ancient ford over the river Lea, on the line of the Roman stratum, or road from London to Durolitum (Layton, in Essex). It is said that Ma- tilda, queen of Henry I., passing this dangerous ford, narrowly escaped being drowned, and consequently ordered a bridge to be erected, from the arched form of which the village received the adjunct to its name. This bridge, which is supposed to have been the first of its kind erected in the kingdom, was by some referred to the time of Alfred the Great, whose arm^ were carved on the central stone : it consisted of three groined arches, of which the central arch was considerably larger than the rest, and, from its inconvenient narrowness, a wooden, platform was constructed on the outside of one of the parapets, for the accommodation of foot passen- gers. An act for rebuilding it was obtained in 1834, and a new bridge was opened with much ceremony on the 14th of Feb. 1839, consisting of one fiat elliptical arch, 66 feet in span, rising to the height of 13 feet from the water level, and defended with solid parapets. The vil- lage is pleasantly situated ; the streets are paved, and lighted with gas, and the inhabitants are supplied with water by the East London Company’s works. The manufacture of porcelain, formerly carried on to a con- siderable extent, has been discontinued ; and the fair held at Whitsuntide has, within the last few years, been entirely suppressed. A little to the north of the town, the Eastern-Counties’ railway joins the Northern and Eastern-Counties’ railway, and after crossing the river Lea pursues its course to Ilford, in the county of Essex. The parish is within the jurisdiction of the court of requests held in Whitechapel for the recoveTy of debts under 40^. ; three headboroughs and a constable are annually appointed at the court leet of the lord of the^ manor. It was formerly a chapelry in the parish of Stepney, from which it was separated in 1730. The living is a rectory; net income, £319 3 patrons. Principal and Fellows of Brasenose College, Oxford, by whom an addi- tion was made, a few years since, to the stipend of the rector. The church, founded in the reign of Henry II., is an ancient structure, partly in the Norman, and partly in the early English style, with a low square tower, having a small turret at one of the angles ; the east window is ornamented with the figures of Moses and Aaron, and of the Twelve Apostles, in stained glass. There are places of worship for Wesleyans, Baptists, and Roman Catholics ; that for the first-named, though belonging to the congregation in this place, is situated within the parish of Bromley-St. Leonard. The free school was founded, in 1613, by Sir John Jolles, who endowed it for thirty-four boys of this parish and that of Bromley. Another school for fifty boys was founded, in 1701, by Mrs. Prisca Coburne, who endowed it with houses and lands at that time producing £40 per annum ; but, from the increased value of the property, the in- come, on the expiration of the present leases, will amount to £500 : a schoolroom has been built for 100 children of each sex, the school being under the inspec- tion of the rectors of Bow, and four adjoining parishes. B O WD B O W E A national school is supported by subscription. Sir John Jolles also founded and endowed almshouses for weight people 3 and there are other charitable bequests for the j'dief of the poor, among which is one of £1400 in the funds under the will of Mrs. Margaretta Browne, dated in 1826 , out of the dividends of which the sum of £20 is paid to the rector. BOWBRIDGE, a hamlet, in the parish and union of Stroud, hundred of Bisley, E. division of the county of Gloucester, ^ a mile (S. E. by S.) from Stroud, pleasantly situated on the road to London, and inter- sected by the Thames and Severn canal. There are three large establishments for the manufacture of super- fine woollen-cloths, and two dyeing establishments, of which that for the dyeing of black cloth, belonging to Messrs. Joseph and John William Partridge, is the most extensive in the kingdom 3 the other for fancy colours, conducted by Mr. Nathaniel Partridge, is also upon a very large scale, and is celebrated for the brilliancy of its colours, and especially for fine scarlet, for which the water of the place is peculiarly favourable. BOWCOMBE, a hamlet, in the parish of Caris- BROOKE, liberty of West Medina, Isle of Wight incorporation and division of the county of Southamp- ton 3 containing 93 inhabitants. ‘ BOWDEN, GREAT {St, Peter), a parish, in the union of Market-Harborough, hundred of Gartree, S. division of the county of Leicester, 1 J mile (N. E.) from Harborough 3 containing, with that town, 3698 inhabitants. The parish comprises upwards of 3000 acres, principally rich gi*azing land 3 the river Welland bounds it on the south, and a branch of the Union canal passes near the village. ^The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £86 3 patrons. Dean and Canons of Christ-Church, Oxford. There are two trifling endow- ments for the instruction of children, one given by John Durr ad in 1723, and the other by the Rev. Robert Atkins. BOWDEN, LITTLE (St, Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Market-Harborough, hundred of Roth- well, N. division of the county of Northampton, ^ a mile (E. S. E.) from Harborough 5 containing, with the hamlet of Little Oxendon, 439 inhabitants. The parish, situated on the border of Leicestershire, from which it is separated by the river Welland, comprises by computa- tion 2366a. 2r. lOp., of which three-fourths are pasture, and one-fourth arable, the surface being moderately un- dulated, and the soil of the most productive quality. It is closely connected with Harborough by means of two bridges over the Welland, and the roads from that town to Northampton and Kettering intersect the parish. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 15 . 4 . 2.3 net income, £293 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. John Barlow. The tithes were commuted for land and money payments in 1779. Mrs. West, author of Letters to a Young Man,” and other works, resides in the parish. BOWDEN ’S-EDGE, a township, in the parish and union of Chapel-en-le-Frith, hundred of High Peak, N. division of the county of Derby, Ij mile (N. E.) from Chapehen-le-Frith 3 containing 1021 inhabitants. BOWDON {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Altrincham, hundred of Bucklow, N. division of the county of Chester 3 comprising the chapelries of Al- trincham and Carrington, the townships of Ashley, 307 Baguley, Bowdon, Dunham-Massey, Hale, Partington, and Timperley, and parts of the townships of Agden and Bollington 3 and containing 9373 inhabitants, of whom 549 are in the township of Bow^don, 1 mile (S. W. by S.) from Altrincham. The parish comprises by admeasure- ment 16,918 acres. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £24, and in the gift of the Bishop of Chester : the tithes have been commuted for rent- charges amounting altogether, for the bishop, to £1 67 1.6., and for the vicar, to £364 3 and an additional rent-charge of £27 is paid to the rector of Northen, in lieu of a por- tion of the tithes of the township of Baguley : the vicar’s glebe comprises 37^ acres. The rectorial tithes are leased by the bishop to the Earl of Stamford and War- rington, who, as lord of the barony of Dunham-Massey, appoints four churchwardens for the parish. The church is an ancient structure, commanding an extensive and pleasing panoramic view of the surrounding country : it was annexed to the see of Chester by Henry VIII., on the dissolution of Birkenhead priory, to which it had been given by Hamon de Massey, the fifth of that name. There are three chapels of ease, viz., Altrincham, built in 1799 ; Carrington, built about I76O, at the cost of the Countess of Stamford 3 and Ringway, the date of which is uncertain. Edward Vawdrey, about the year 1600, gave £4 per annum towards the endowment of a gram- mar school : the schoolroom was rebuilt at the expense of the parishioners, about I67O, and again in 1806. A national school is supported by subscription 3 and there are also a school for boys at Scamons Moss, and one for boys and girls at Littleheath, the latter founded and endowed by the late Mr. Thomas Walton. The Earl of Warrington, in 1754, gave £5000, now amounting to £5610 three per cent, reduced bank annuities, for edu- cating or apprenticing children of the parish, and for the relief of the poor of this and the parish of Barn- well-All Saints. A Roman road passed through the parish. BOWER-CHALK {Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Wilton, hundred of Chalk, Salisbury and Amesbury, and S. divisions of Wilts, 7-5 miles (S. W.) from Wilton 3 containing 447 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, united to the consolidated rec- tory of Broad Chalk and vicarage of Alvediston. ■ BOWER-HINTON, with Hurst, a hamlet, in the parish and hundred of Martock, union of Yeovil, W. division of Somerset 3 containing 688 inhabitants. BOWERS-GIFFORD {St. Margaret), a parish, in the union of Billericay, hundred of Barstable, S. division of Essex, 4j miles (S^ W. by W.) from Ray- leigh 3 containing 249 inhabitants. It comprises about 2400 acres, and is bounded on the south by Holly and East havens, which afford a navigable communication with the Thames. The living is a rectorj^ valued in the king’s books at £25, and in the patronage of Mrs. Cur- tis 3 net income, £564. The church is a small ancient edifice, with a tower surmounted by a shingled spire, and consists only of a nave and chancel. BOWES {St. Giles), a parish, in the union of Teesdale, wapentake of Gilling-West, N. riding of York, 6 miles (W. by N.) from Greta-Bridge 3 contain- ing 850 inhabitants, of whom 763 are in the township of Bowes, and 87 in that of Gillmonby. This place, from its situation on one of the Roman military roads, and from the discovery of numerous relics of Roman 2 R 2 B O W E BOWL antiquity (among which was a votive inscription to the Emperor Adrian^ on a stone slab, used in the time of Camden as the communion table in the church), appears to have been the site of a Roman station, which most antiquaries have identified with the Lavatrce of Anto- ni ne, where the first Thracian cohort was stationed, in the reign of Severus, and where also, towards the decline of the Roman empire, were fixed the head-quarters of the Numerifs Exploratorum,'* and their prefect, under the Dux Britannice." At the time of the Conquest, there were still vestiges of a town, which had been destroyed by fire, from which circumstance Camden supposes the present name of the place to be derived ; and within the vallum of the Roman fortress, and with part of the materials, a castle was soon afterwards built b}?- Alan, Earl of Richmond, of which there are consi- derable remains, occupying the summit of an eminence declining on the south towards the river Greta. The village consists principally of one street, nearly three- quarters of a mile in length, and has long been celebra- ted for its boarding-schools, to which numerous pupils are sent from London, on grounds of economy. It is situated near the verge of Stanemore, and on the banks of the Greta, over which, at the distance of two miles, is a natural bridge of picturesque character, called God’s bridge,” formed by a rude arch of limestone rock, sixteen feet in the span, and twenty feet in breadth, affording a passage for carriages. Lead-ore, iron-stone, and some coal are found in the neighbourhood. The market, which was held on Friday, and a fair on Oct. 1st, have both fallen into disuse. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £90 5 patron and impropriator, T. Harrison, Esq. There is a place of worship for Wes- ley ans. A free grammar school was founded in 1693, by William Hutchinson, Esq., who endowed it with an estate now producing £258 per anntim, for the instruc- tion of children and for supplying the poor with coal, for which latter purpose Mr. Joseph Kipling, in 1762, bequeathed a rent- charge of £2. Fifty boys and fifty girls are instructed on the national plan. Numerous coins of Nero, Vespasian, Faustina, Severus, and of the Lower Empire 5 'fragments of ornamental pottery j a gold medal of Nero j and brass medals of Nerva and Antoninus Pius, have been found on the site of the Roman station j and more recently, on the inclosure of some common lands, an aqueduct for the conveyance of water from Levar pool, a distance of nearly two miles, for the supply of the Roman baths, was discovered. The ramparts of the station may still be traced in some parts of the area, though nearly obliterated. This place is interesting as the scene of Mallet’s pathetic ballad of Edwin and Emma,” whose real names were Roger Wrightson and Martha Railton, both of whom, accord- ing to the parish register, were interred here, in the same grave, March 15tb, 1714. BOWESDEN, a hamlet, in the parish of Lowick, union of Glendale, E. division of Glendale ward, N. division of Northumberland, 9|: miles (N.) from Wooler. The ancient family of Carr sold their paternal estate here to the late Sir Francis Blake, Bart. The village is long and scattered. A sepulchral urn was turned up by the plough, several years since, at Bowesden-Hollins 3 and in the year 1800, some workmen, in levelling a bar- row in the neighbourhood, discovered two inverted urns, containins: calcined human bones. 308 BOWLAND, with Leagram, a township, in the parish of Wh alley, union of Clitheroe, Lower divi- sion of the hundred of Blackburn, N. division of Lancashire, 9 miles (W.) from Clitheroe 3 containing 273 inhabitants, of whom 133 are in Little Bowland. BOWLAND-FOREST, HIGH, a township, in the parish of Slaidburn, union of Clitheroe, W. division of the wapentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York 3 containing 181 inhabitants. It in- cludes the hamlets of Dunslop, Batterax, and Burnend, and comprises, with Low Bowland-Forest, (both form- ing the district called Bolland Liberty) 17j800 acres. Here was anciently a forest, a small part of which has been inclosed ; and the office ot bow-bearer of this forest is held by Peregrine Edward Townley, Esq., lord of the liberty, who purchased the property of the Duke of Buccleuch. BOWLAND-FOREST, LOW, a township, in the chapelry of Whitewell, parish of Whalley, union of Clitheroe, partly in the wapentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York, and partly in the Lower division of the hundred of Blackburn, N. divi- sion of Lancashire 3 containing 330 inhabitants. BOWLD, a hamlet, in the parish of Idbury, union of Chipping-Norton, hundred of Chadlington, county of Oxford 3 containing 59 inhabitants. BOWLEY, a township, in the parish of Bodenham, union of Leominster, hundred of Broxash, county of Hereford 3 containing 206 inhabitants. BOWLING, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Bradford, wapentake of Morley, W. riding of York, 1 mile (S. E.) from Bradford 3 containing 8918 inhabit- ants. This place derived its name, originally Bolling, from the family of the Bollings, who for many genera- tions were lords of the manor, and proprietors of large landed property in the neighbourhood. After the death of Tristram Bolling, in 1502, the manor was conveyed by his daughter and sole heiress, by marriage, to Sir Richard Tempest, of Bracewell, in whose family it re- mained till about the middle of the l6th century, when it became the property of Henry Saville, Esq., who, in 1668, sold it to Francis Lindley, Esq., barrister- at-law, ancestor of Sir Francis Lindley Wood, Bart., of Hickle- ton 3 and after passing through various hands, it was purchased, in 1834, by John Green Paley, Esq., the present proprietor and lord of the manor. The town- ship is situated on the slope of a hill on the east side of Low Moor, and comprises by computation 1438 acres, of which by far the greater portion is pasture 3 the sur- face is varied, and the surrounding scenery in some parts enlivened with plantations. Bolling Hall, the residence of Thomas Paley, Esq., barrister- at-law, and a magistrate for the West riding, is a stately and spacious mansion of venerable aspect, and one of the most interest- ing structures of the kind in the county 3 it consists of a centre, and two projecting semi-octagonal wings, of two stories each, with embattled parapets, and lighted with large oriel windows, and flanked at each extremity by a massive square tower of three stages, of which one, ap- parently of earlier date than the other, is surmounted by a square turret at one of the angles 3 the grand hall in the centre is lighted by a spacious window, for- merly containing numerous shields of armorial bearings in stained glass;, several of which have been replaced by the proprietor. The mansion was anciently surrounded B O W N B O W T with a large park, well stocked with red deer, and em- BOWNESS, a post-town, in the parish of Winder- bracing much diversity of scenery. Townhill House, mere, Kendal ward and union, county of Westmor- the seat of Francis Duffield, Esq., is a handsome man- land, 9 miles (W. N. W.) from Kendal. ^ This village, sion, pleasantly situated. The substratum abounds with which contains the parish church, is beautifully situated coal and iron-ore, which have been wrought for more on the eastern shore of Windermere Lake, in a district than half a century by the Bowling Iron Company, whose abounding with picturesque scenery 5 and from the works here are the most extensive in the north of En- many objects of deep interest in its immediate vicinity, gland ; the accumulated heaps of refuse from the mines, has been steadily advancing in extent and importance, forming huge mounds surrounding the excavations, as a place of favourite resort for the numerous visiters, have been planted with trees, adding greatly to the who, in their excursions to the lakes, take up their abode aspect of the neighbourhood. The village consists here during the summer months. Two excellent inns, chiefly of one long street, rising by a gradual ascent and many lodging-houses, have been built in the village from the town of Bradford to Dudley Hill, on the for their accommodation j and in the neighbourhood Wakefield road 3 the houses are of stone and well built, several handsome villas have been erected by persons and there are numerous clusters of modern cottages whom the beauty of the situation has induced to fix inhabited chiefly by persons employed in the iron-works, their permanent residence here. Pleasure-boats, with The church, dedicated to St. John, and consecrated in fishing tackle, and every requisite apparatus for parties Feb. 1842, vs'as erected at the sole expense of the Iron visiting the lake, are in constant attendance, and^ cars Company, at a cost of £4000 5 it* is a handsome struc- are always in readiness for excursions in the environs, ture in the later English style, with a square embattled which afford a rich display of romantic scenery, and in tower crowned with pinnacles, and surmounted by a many points command extensive views of highly varied well-proportioned spire, and contains 1000 sittings, of and strikingly impressive beauty. The char of the lake which 300 are free. The living is a perpetual curacy ; is in high repute, and is potted in great quantities, and net income, £150 3 patron, the Vicar of Bra^dford. There sent to all parts of the country. A free grammar school are places of worship for Primitive Methodists and was established in 1637 ^, and has an endowment of c*bout -W^esleyans 3 and a national school, with a dwelling- £60 per annum 3 and a new^ school-house was lately house for the master and mistress, was built in 1838, erected, at an expense of £1500, by Mr. Bolton, of by the Iron Company, at an expense of £800, on land Storr s Hall, in the parish. The building, whica is spa- given by John Green Paley, Esq., and is supported by cions and elegant, is situated on a hill overlooking the the founders. village, and contains two large schoolrooms 3 the first BOWNESS {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of stone was laid by William Wordsworth, Esq., of Rydal W^iGTON, Cumberland ward, and E. division of the Mount, the eminent poet, in 1836, and the school was county of Cumberland 3 comprising the townships of opened in 1839. Anthorn, Bowness, Drumburgh, and Finland 5 and con- BOWOOD, a tything, in the parish of Nether- taining 1488 inhabitants, of whom 624 are in the town- bury, union and hundred of Beaminster, Bridport ship of Bowness, 14 miles (W. N. W.) from Carlisle, division of Dorset, 2;|- miles (W. S. W.) from Beamin- The parish comprises by measurement 9294 acres, of ster. A chapel of ease, capable of accommodating up- which 4953 are arable, 1088 meadow, 3152 common, wards of 500 persons, was erected by subscription a few moss land, or peat, and 42 wood. The village stands years since. • • on a rocky promontory, commanding a fine view of the BOWOOD, an extra-parochial liberty, in the union Solway Firth, on the coast of which it is situated 3 and and hundred of Calne, Chippenham and Caine, and N. occupies the site of the Roman station Tnnnocelliim, divisions of Wilts, 3^ miles (S. E. by E.) from Chippcn- where, according to the Notitia, amarine cohort (cohors ham 3 containing 68 inhabitants. Here is the magni- prima ^lia Clcissica) was placed. At the distance of ficent seat of the Marquess of Lansdowne, by whom a about a mile was the western extremity of the Piets’ school, for the benefit of this and the adjacent places of wall, vestiges of which are conspicuous in various parts Derry-hill, Sandylane, and Studley, established in 1814, of the parish, as well as of Gabrosentum, another Roman is wdiolly maintained. ^ station. Coins and other relics of the Romans, among BOV/ SCALE, a township, in the parish of Grey- wLich was an image- of the god Tevniinus, have been stock, union of Penrith, Leith w'ard, countyof Cum- discovered 3 and from the foundations of houses and berland, 10 miles (W. N. W.) from Penrith 3 containing streets, which cultivation has exposed to the view, this 31 inhabitants. place has evidently been of greater extent than it is at BOWTHORP, with Menthorp, a township, in the present. The ship canal from Carlisle terminates near parish of Hemingbrough, union of Howden, wapen- the village. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s take of Ouse and Derwent, E. riding of York, 7 miles books at £21. 13. 11^.3 net income, £3983 patron, (E. by N.) from Selby 3 containing 82 inhabitants, of Earl of Lonsdale ; there are 57 acres of good glebe land, whom 38 are in Bowthorpe. The township comprises and 272 acres of common, the latter partly cultivated, about 1595 acres 3 the hamlet is situated on the w^est and very inferior. Thomas Pattinson, in 1785, gave bank of the Derwent. £610 for the instruction of children belonging to this BOWTHORPE {St. Michael), a parish, in the in- and some neighbouring parishes; the proceeds are ap- corporation and hundred of Forehoe, E. division of plied to the school at Drumburgh. Robert Troutbeck, Norfolk, 3§ miles (W. by N.) from Norwich 3 contain- in 1706 , bequeathed the sum of £50 for persons not ing 34 inhabitants. It comprises 7^0 acres, all in one receiving parish relief 3 the money w^as laid out in the farm. The church was, at the beginning of the seven- purchase of three acres of land at Wigton, now produ- teenth century, used as a storehouse for grain, but, by cing £12 per annum. a decree in chancery, obtained in 1635, it was restored 309 BOXF B O X L to its original purpose; in 1792, it was unroofed, but a large portion of the walls still remains. The living was formerly a rectory, in the patronage of the Dean and Canons of the College of St. Mary-in-the-Fields, at Norwich, who, in 1522, petitioned the bishop for its reduction to a curacy : since 1635 the living has been a donative. BOX {St, Thomas a Becket),el parish, in the union and hundred of Chippenham, Chippenham and Caine, and N. divisions of Wilts, 7 miles (S. W. by W«) from Chippenham ; containing 2274 inhabitants. An exten- sive bed of freestone of a peculiar quality exists here, called Bath stone, from the circumstance of the greater part of that city having been built with it ; it forms a considerable article of exportation to almost every part of the empire. At a short distance north-west of the village, which is beautifully situated in a rich valley; and on the road from London to Bath, is a mineral spring, containing a very large proportion of sulphur and carbonic acid ; and at Box is a station for the Great Western railway, which passes through the parish, and here enters a tunnel, if mile in length, 30 feet wide, and 25 feet high above the rails, and having 11 shafts for aifording air and light, each 25 feet in diameter, and some of them nearly 300 feet in depth from the surface of the ground. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £15. 8. 9. ; patron and incum- bent, Rev. H. D. C. S. Horlock; impropriator, W. Northey, Esq. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £490. 6. 4., and the vicarial for one of £408. 3. 8. 5 £10 are annually paid to the rector of Hazlebury and there is an acre of glebe. A charity school has an income of nearly £30 a year, arising from lands. On Cheney Court farm, north of the spa, and about five miles from Bath, a variety of coins was dug up in 1813, indicating that a large Roman villa once existed on the spot ; and several Roman pavements are in the premises near the church. BOXDEN, with Handforth, a township, in the parish of Cheadle, union of Stockport, hundred of Macclesfield, N. division of the county of Chester, 3:^ miles (S. E. by S.) from Stockport ; containing 2394 inhabitants, of whom 1713 are in Boxden. BOXFORD {St, JIndrew), a parish, in the union of Newbury, hundred of Faircross, county of Berks, 4^ miles (N. W. by N.) from Newbury ; containing, with the ty thing of Westbrook, 612 inhabitants, and com- prising 2769a. 2r. 23p., according to a survey in 1839. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £20 ; patron and incumbent. Rev. J. Wells, whose tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £880, and who has a glebe of 10^ acres. In the church is a monument to James Anderton. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans 3 and a school is partially sup- ported by subscription. BOXFORD {St, Mary)^ a parish, in the union, and partly in the hundred of Cosford, but chiefly in that of Babergh, W. division of Suffolk, 16 miles (W. by S.) from Ipswich 3 containing, with the hamlet of Hadleigh, 1121 inhabitants. The parish, which com- prises about 1840 acres, was formerly a place of consi- derable trade. Fairs are held on Easter-Mondav, and the 21st of December. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £20, and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- 310 charge of £650, and the glebe consists of 38^ acres. A free grammar school was established by Queen Eliza- beth, in the 38th of her reign 3 but there are now taught in it only a few poor boys. BOXGROVE {St, Mary and St. Blase), a parish,' in the union of West Hampnett, hundred of Box and Stockbridge, rape of Chichester, W. division of Sussex, 3 ^ miles (N. E. by E.) from Chichester 3 con- taining, with the hamlets of Crocker-Hill, East Hamp- nett, and part of Seabeach, and the tythings of Halnaker and Strellington, 736 inhabitants. It comprises about 2974 acres, of which the soil consists of chalk, gravel, and loam. The splendid mansion of Goodwood is beau- tifully situated on the south side of the Downs, sur- rounded by a park of 1200 acres, planted with timber of stately growth 3 the interior contains numerous lofty and spacious apartments, superbly fitted up, and embel- lished with paintings and statuary by the first artists. Races are held on the Harroway, and a stand has been erected which will accommodate 3000 persons. The living is a vicarage, endowed wdth the great tithes, ex- cepting Halnaker Park 5 it is valued in the king’s books at £9. 5. 5., and the Duke of Richmond is patron and impropriator : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £900, and there are 7 acres of glebe. The church was the conventual church of an alien priory, founded by Robert de Haia, in the reign of Henry I., and made subordinate to the abbey de I’Essay, in Nor- mandy 3 it is a handsome cruciform structure, in the Norman style, with a central tower 3 the nave has been nearly destroyed, but the remainder of the interior is a beautiful specimen of the later Norman, and has an im- posing grandeur of effect. There are numerous sepul- chral monuments, several of which are altar-tombs of Sussex marble, under arched recesses, pierced in quatre- foil, and surmounted with crocheted canopies. The priory w^as originally founded for three brethren of the Benedictine order, to which others were added by Roger St. John, son-in-law of the founder, and the number, in 1 149, was augmented to fifteen by his sons William and Thomas : on the dissolution of alien priories it was made denizen, and the gross revenue, in the 26th of Henry VIII., was £145. 10. 2. There are also other remains of the monastic buildings, parts of which have been converted into dwelling-houses, consisting chiefly of the refectory, which has been made a barn 3 and on the north of the church is a Norman doorway, opening into the cloisters, which led to the monastic dwellings. In 1740, Mary, Countess Dowager of Derby, granted in trust some land and a rent-charge of £140 a year, for the erection and endowment of almshouses for twelve wmmen, six of Boxgrove, four of East Lavant, and two of Tangmere, and a dwelling-house for a schoolmaster 3 and in addition to the almshouses, two schoolrooms have been built, in which children are instructed on the national plan. Near Strellington, the Roman road crosses the parish diagonally, from the south to the north-east, at Sea Beach farm 3 and the remains of Halnaker House form a picturesque object. BOXLEY {Jll Saints), a parish, in the union of Hollingbourn, hundred of Maidstone, lathe of Aylesford, W. division of Kent, 2 ^ miles (N. E. by N.) from Maidstone 3 containing 1398 inhabitants. An abbey for Cistercian monks was founded here, in 1146, by William d’lpres, Earl of Kent, who subsequently B O X W BOYN assumed the cowl at Laon, in France. Henry HI. granted to the society the privilege of holding a weekly market, and the abbot was summoned to parliament in the reign of Edward I. Edward II. resided at the abbey during the siege of Leeds Castle, at which time he signed a charter for the citizens of London. At the Dissolution the revenue was estimated at £218. 19. 10. 5 and the site, with a portion of the estates, was granted to Sir Thomas Wyatt, the poet. The abbey contained a cele- brated rood, which, together with the image of St. Rumbald, was taken away, and publicly destroyed at St. Paul’s Cross, in 1538 : there are still some remains of the buildings. The parish is noted for the manufac- ture of paper of a superior quality. The living is a ■vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £12. 19. 2.; net income, £834 5 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Rochester. The church is a neat small edifice, with a handsome square tower. A national school was established in 1 832, and a school for 20 girls is chiefly supported by Mr. and Mrs. Whatman. An extensive rabbit-warren, part of the possessions of the abbey, lies beneath the chalk hill 5 and there was another near Penenden Heath (about half of which is in this parish), but it has been brought into cultivation. A small stream that rises just below the church, and runs through the village, is stated to petrify wood with an incrustation resembling brown unpolished marble. BOXTED (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Lexden and Winstreie, Colchester division of the hun- dred ofLEXDEN, N. division of Essex, 5 miles (N.) from Colchester 5 containing 856 inhabitants. It comprises 3082 acres, of which 2432 are arable, 576 meadow, and 74 woodland, and is bordered on the north by the navi- gable river Stour. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 13. 9. 5 patron. Bishop of London 3 impropriator, J. Josselyn, Esq. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £520, and the vicarial for one of £220 5 the glebe belonging to the impropriator comprises more than 61 acres 3 the vicar’s, not quite four. The church is an ancient edifice with a tower, and has been repewed within the last few years 3 it contains an elegant monument to Sir Richard Blackmore, physician to William III., and author of several medical and other works. A school is supported by voluntary contributions. BOXTED, a parish, in the union of Sudbury, hun- dred of Babergh, W. division of Suffolk, Sf miles (N. E.) from Clare 3 containing 200 inhabitants. This place has long been the residence of the Poley family, whose descendant, the Rev. G. W. Poley, is the present proprietor 5 the family mansion is a spacious and ancient edifice. The living is a rectory not in charge, consoli- dated with that of Hartest : the tithes have been com- muted for a rent- charge of £375, 10. The church is a small edifice, adjoining the chancel of which is a family vault of the Poleys, containing some monuments of very delicate sculpture, in marble. There is a charity, amounting to about £10 per annum, with an equal amount for the poor of the parish of Hartest. BOXWELL (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Tetbury, Upper division of the hundred of Grum- bald’s Ash, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 5 miles (E. by S.) from Wotton-under-Edge 3 6 miles (W.) from Tetburv 3 containing, with Leighterton, 334 311 inhabitants. This place derives its name from a planta- tion of box-trees, one of the most considerable in the kingdom, and from a copious spring of water that issues from it. A nunnery was established at a very early period, which is said to have been destroyed by the Danes, and of which the possessions were subsequently annexed to the abbey of Gloucester. Charles II. rested at the ancient manor-house on his route from Boscobel to Bristol 3 and Prince Rupert, when governor of that city, made it a place of frequent resort. The parish comprises 2243 acres, of which 30 are box-wood, 100 woodland, about 300 pasture, and the remainder arable 3 it is situated on the road from Cheltenham to Bath 3 the soil is fertile, and there are some good quarries of oolite freestone. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £23. 4. 9|. 5 patron and incumbent. Rev. R. W. Huntley : the tithes, including those of Leighterton, have been commuted for a rent- charge of £375, and there are 68 acres of glebe. The church is a very ancient structure, with a tower and campanile tur- ret. There is a chapel of ease at Leighterton 3 and a parochial school is supported by the Huntley family. In a field at Leighterton is a large barrow. BOXWORTH (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of St. Ives, hundred of Papworth, county of Cambridge, 6f miles (N. E. by N.) from Caxton 3 containing 326 in- habitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king's books at £18. 12. 3^., and in the patronage of George Thornhill, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £490, and the glebe comprises 126 acres. The church contains a monumental bust of Dr. Saunder- son, F.R.S., the blind professor of mathematics at the University of Cambridge 5 he died and was buried here, in 1759. A school is supported by the lord of the manor, the rector, and the curate. BOYATT, a tything, in the parish of Otterbourne, union of Hursley, hundred of Buddlesgate, Win- chester and N. divisions of the county of Southampton! containing 160 inhabitants. BOYCUTT, a hamlet, in the parish of Stowe, union of Buckingham, hundred of Ploughley, county of Oxford, though locally in the hundred and county of Buckingham, 3 miles (N. W. by W.) from Buckingham^ containing 35 inhabitants. BOYLSTONE (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Uttoxeter, hundred of Appletree, S. division of the county of Derby, miles (S.) from Ashbourn 3 containing 343 inhabitants. The living i& a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 0. 2. 3 net income, £260 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. W. Hurst. An allotment of land and money payments were assigned in 1783, in lieu of tithes. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans. BOYNTON (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Bridlington, wapentake of Dickering, E. riding of York, 2 miles (W. by N.) from Bridlington 3 containing 100 inhabitants. It is on the road from Bridlington to Malton, and comprises by computation 2100 acres, the property of Sir George Strickland, Bart., whose family were anciently seated at Strickland, in the county of Westmorland, but the principal branch of which has been settled here more than two centuries. Boynton Hall, the residence of the baronet, is a lofty and hand- some mansion, beautifully situated upon an eminence in a richly wooded park, on the acclivities of which are B O Y T BRAG some fine plantations, and a large sheet of water orna- ments the grounds. On an elevated ridge^ south of the hall, is a pavilion, erected by the late Sir George, from which is obtained an extensive prospect, both of sea and land, t)articularly of Bridlington bay and the eastern heights of the wolds. The village is in the vale of a rivulet flowing in an eastern direction to the coast. The living is a discharged perpetual curacy, valued in the king’s books at £7. 14. 2., and in the patronage of Sir George Strickland, the impropriator, with a net income of £141 : land and a money payment were assigned, in 1777 j in lieu of tithes. The church, which was rebuilt in the early part of the last century, consists of a nave and chancel, with a handsome tower j in the chancel are several monuments to the Strickland family. The poor have the interest of a few small sums. BOYTON, a parish, in the union of Launceston, partly in the hundred of Black Torrington, N. divi- sion of the county of Devon, but chiefly in that of Stratton, E. division of Cornwall, 5 miles (N. by W.) from Launceston ^ containing, with the hamlet of North- cott, in Devon, 600 inhabitants. The parish comprises between 4000 and 5000 acres 3 the soil is clay, and in general very shallow, the surface rather hilly 3 there is a considerable quantity of coppice. The Bude and Laun- ceston, or Tamar, canal intersects the parish. A fair is held on August 5th. The living is a perpetual curacy, net income, £123 3 patron, Rev. G. Prideaux3 impropria- tor, H. Thompson, Esq. Between this place and North Tamerton is an ancient thatched building, called Horn- acott Chapel, now occupied by a labourer. BOYTON (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of WooDBRiDGE, hundred of Wilford, E. division of Suffolk, 8 miles (E. by S.) from Woodbridge 5 con- taining 239 inhabitants. The parish comprises 1650 acres 3 the soil is for the most part light and heathy, with some few acres of marsh, and the surface level 3 the district is intersected by the river Ore, which forms a communication with Butley Creek, or Eye. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 12. 1. 3 net income, £fl65 3 patrons. Trustees of Mrs. Mary Warner. An almshouse was built in 1743, and liberally endowed by Mrs. Warner. BOYTON (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Warminster, hundred of Heytesbury, Warminster and S. divisions of Wilts, 1 mile (W. by S.) from Cod- ford 3 containing, with the township of Corton, 360 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated near the road from Bath to Salisbury, and intersected by the river Willey, comprises by measurement 3720 acres. The mansion-house of the Lamberts, adjoining the church, is an ancient edifice in the Elizabethan style, the grounds of which retain their original character 3 and the terrace, walks, and hedges of yew-trees still remain as they probably appeared in 1660. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £27. 17- 3^., and in the patronage of Magdalen College, Oxford : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £560, and the glebe comprises 20 acres. The church is an ancient and picturesque structure, in the early and decorated English styles, with a porch of elegant design 3 the interior, is embellished with a beautiful circular win- dow, and in the south aisle is a sepulchral chapel, now belonging to the Lambert family, but originally built by the Giffards, of whom Sir Alexander Giffard, the friend 312 of the younger Long Esp6e, was interred here. There is a place of worship for Baptists 3 and a parochial school is supported by subscription. Aylmer Bourke Lambert, the celebrated botanist, was born here. BOZEAT (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Wellingborough, hundred of Higham-Ferrers, N. division of the county of Northampton, 51 miles (N.) from Olney 3 containing 845 inhabitants. This parish, situated on the border of Bedfordshire, comprises 2537«r. 3r. 8p., of which above 120 acres are woodland 3 the surface is in some parts hilly, especially at the north end, and in others level ; the soil is a cold clay, and limestone is quarried. The road from Wellingborough to Olney passes through the village. The living is a discharged vicarage, wdth the rectory of Strixton consolidated, valued in the king’s books at £8 ; net income, £1883 patron, Earl Spencer 3 impropriators. Representatives of the late Dr. Laurence, Archbishop of Cashel : the glebe comprises 120 acres. Land and annual money payments were assigned in 1798, in lieu of tithes. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BRABOURNE (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of East Ashford, franchise and barony of Bircholt, lathe of Shepway, E. division of Kent, 7 miles (E. by S.) from Ashford 3 containing 889 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 3504 acres, and is crossed by the railway from London to Dovor. Extensive cavalry and infantry barracks were erected a few years since. A fair for toys and pedlery is held on the last day in May. The living is a vicarage, with the rectory of Monk’s-Horton consolidated, valued in the king’s books at £11. 12. 6., and in the gift of the Archbishop of Canterbury : the great tithes of Brabourne, belonging to his Grace, have been commuted for a rent-charge of £613, wdth a glebe of 82 acres, and those of the incum- bent for one of £270, with a glebe of one acre, and a residence. The church is very ancient, and contains numerous interesting monuments. There is a chapel for Calvinistic Baptists 3 and a school is partly sup- ported by subscription. BRACEBOROUGH, or Braceburgh (St. Marga- ret), a parish, in the union of Stamford, wapentake of Ness, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 7 miles (N. E.) from Stamford 3 containing, wdth the hamlet of Shillingthorpe, 23 1 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 10., and in the patronage of the Crown, with a net income of £195 : corn-rents were assigned in the 39th and 40th of George III. in lieu of tithes. There is a fine spring called the Spa, with a convenience for bathing 3 its waters are beneficial in cases of scurvy. BRACEBRIDGE (All Saints), a parish, in the union, and liberty of the city, of Lincoln, county of Lincoln, 2 | miles (S. by W.) from Lincoln 3 containing 127 inhabitants. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 3 . 9. 9|., and in the patronage of Mrs. Bromehead 3 net income, £203 3 impropriators, Anne Gibbeson and another. Edward Wells, in 1604 , be- queathed a house and land for the instruction of chil- dren 3 and a small school is partly supported by sub- scription. BRACEBY (St. Margaret), a parish, in the union and soke of Grantham, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 4| miles (W. byN.) from Falkingham, 7 miles (E.) from Grantham 3 containing 155 inhabitants. The B 11 A C B 11 A C ving is a vicarage, united to that of South. Grantham : miles (S. W. by S.) from Great Driffield; contain in g tie appropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent- inhabitants. It is on the road from Beverley to Malton, barge of £13^. 17.6., payable to the Prebendary of and comprises about 600 acres. The village was for- touth Grantham, and the vicarial for one of £55. A merly populous, and contained a chapel, the cemetery chool is partly supported by Sir W. C. Welby, Bart., belonging to which remains undisturbed, nd the Rev. W. Potchet. BRACKENBOROUGH, a chapelry, in the parish of BRACE-MEOLE [Jll Saints), a parish, in the Little Grimsby, union of Louth, wapentake of Lud- inion, and partly within the borough, of Shrewsbury, borough, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, L division of Salop, 1^ mile (S.) from Shrewsbury ; miles (N.) from Louth; containing 63 inhabitants, ontaining 1195 inhabitants. It comprises 2487«. 3r. BRACKENFIELD, a chapelry, in the parish of of which 1079 acres are arable, 138^ meadow, pas- Morton, union of Chesterfield, hundred of Scars- Lire, and homesteads, and 25 woodland. The living is dale, N. division of the county of Derby, 4 miles discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5; (N. W.) from Alfreton; containing 459 inhabitants, et income, £361 ; patron. Yen. Edward Bather, Arch- The chapelry, which consists of the townships of Brack- eacon of Salop; impropriators, the Landowners. A enfield and Woolley, comprises 1557cf. 24p., and is ational school has been established. The Shrewsbury skirted by the North-Midland railway. The living is a ouse of industry, a noble and spacious building, stands perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Rector of 1 the parish, Morton ; net income, £32, derived from the interest of BRACEWELL {St. Michael), a parish, in the £1000, Queen Anne’s Bounty, A rent-charge of .nion of Skipton, E. division of the wapentake of £1?6. 15. has been awarded as a commutation of the )TAINCLIFFE and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 9 tithes. The chapel, which is a very old edifice, is dedi- liles (W. by S.) from Skipton ; containing 153 inha-# cated to the Holy Trinity. itants. This place, in ancient documents Breis-well BRACKENHILL, a township, in the parish of nd Brais-well, signifying the well on the bray” or Arthuret, union of Longtown, Eskdale ward, E. di- brow,” together with the adjoining hamlet of Stock, vision of Cumberland, 4:\ miles (E. by N.) from Long- le property of T. Hastings Ingham, Esq., of Marton, town ; containing 373 inhabitants. In this township is riginally belonged to the Saxon chiefs, Ulchil and the small hamlet of Easton, which anciently gave name Tchil, lords of the respective manors. After the Con- to a parish, long since included within those of Arthuret uest, they were granted to Roger de Tempest, who and Kirk-Andrews-upon-Esk. eld them in the reign of Henry I., and they continued BRACKENHOLME, with Woodhall, a township, i the possession of that family till about the middle of in the parish of Hemingbrough, union of Howden, le 17 th century, when they were alienated, and subse- wapentake of Ouse and Derwent, E. riding of York, lently became the property of Earl de Grey, the pre- miles (N. N. W.) from Howden; containing 77 inha- ;nt lord. The parish comprises by computation 1920 bitants. It is situated in the vale of the Derwent, and •res ; the surface is beautifully undulated, and the comprises about 1200 acres : the village is on the road lls are covered with luxuriant verdure; the lands are from Howden to Hemingbrough. liefly in pasture. The ancient manor-house, now a BRACKENTH WAITE, a township, in the parish of lin, consisted of a centre, with two boldly projecting Lorton, union of Cockermouth, Allerdale ward ings, built of brick in the reign of Henry VIII.; and above Derwent, W. division ot Cumberland, miles ) the north of it are the remains of a former house of (W. by S.) from Keswick ; containing 116 inhabitants, one, in which an apartment, called King Henry’s The neighbourhood abounds with beautiful and pic- arlour,” was the retreat of Henry VI. There are some turesque scenery, uarries of excellent limestone, which is used both for BRACKLEY, an incor- uilding and for burning into lime. The village is porated market-town, a pa- leasantly situated and neatly built: on the north, the rish, and the head of a union, arish adjoins the turnpike-road between Gisburn and in the hundred of King’s- kipton, and the Leeds and Liverpool canal passes Sutton, S. division of the bout two miles east of the church. The living is a dis- county of Northampton, barged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £2. 2. 9|., 20 miles (S. W. by S.) from et income, £123; patron and impropriator, Earl de Northampton, and 64 (N. rrey. The church, nearly adjoining the manor-house, W. by W.) from London ; nd probably founded by the Tempest family, is an an- containing 2121 inhabitants, lent structure, chiefly in the Norman style, and was of whom 887 i^ fbe nlarged by the addition of a north aisle in the reign of parish of St. James, and lenry VII. ; it has a plain Norman doorway on the 1234 in that of St. Peter, outh, and a similar arch divides the chancel from the which includes the hamlet of Halse. This place derives ave ; it contains the family-vault of the Tempests, its name from the Anglo-Saxon Bracken, signifying fern, ffiose armorial bearings embellish several of the win- wdth which the neighbourhood formerly abounded : it ow^s. On the summit of two hills, called Howber and was a Saxon burgh of considerable importance, but was rildersber, are remains of military works, said to have greatly injured by the Danes. In the reign of John, een thrown up by the army of Prince Rupert, on its Saher de Quincy, Earl of Winchester, joined the con- larch through Craven, in 1664. federate barons at Stamford, who marched to Brackley, BRACKEN, a township, in the chapelry of Kiln- whence they sent a remonstrance setting forth their HCK, union of Driffield, Bainton-Beacon division of grievances, to the king, who was then at Oxford. In le wapentake of Harthill, E. riding of York, 6f the reign of Henry HI., two splendid tournaments were VoL. I.--3i3 2 S B R A C BRAD held on a plain, called Bayard’s Green, near the town. Edward II. , who conferred many privileges upon Brack- ley, made it a staple town for wool ; and in the reign of Edward III., having become famous for its trade, it sent three representatives, as Merchant Staplers,” to a grand council held at Westminster. In the time of Henry YIII., the plague raging violently at Oxford, the fellows and scholars of Magdalen College removed to this town, and resided in an hospital founded by Robert le Bossu, Earl of Leicester, about the middle of the twelfth century, and of which there are considerable remains, the chapel, with a broad low tower on the north-west side, being still entire. The TOWN, which was formerly of much greater extent, is on the border of Buckinghamshire, and is situated on the declivity of a hill, near a branch of the river Ouse, which has its source in the immediate vicinity : it is divided into two portions. New and Old j the latter, which is the smaller, is without the limits T)f the borough. The principal street, nearly a mile in length, extends from the bridge up the acclivity of the hill, and contains many good houses, which are mostly built of stone ^ there is an abundant supply of water. The inhabitants are chiefly occupied in the making of bobbin-lace, and boots and shoes. The market is on Wednesday 3 the fairs, principally for horses, horned- cattle, and sheep, are on the Wednesday after Feb. 25th, the second Wed- nesday in April, the Wednesday after June 22nd, the Wednesday after Oct. 11th (a statute fair), and Dec. 1 1th, which is a great fair for cattle and wearing ap- parel. The inhabitants are supposed to have received their first charter of incorporation in the reign of Ed- ward II., and subsequent charters were granted in the 2nd and 4th of James II., by which the government is vested in a mayor, six aldermen, and twenty-six bur- gesses. The elective franchise was conferred in the 1st of Edward VI., from which time the borough returned two members to parliament, but was disfranchised by the 2nd of William IV., cap. 45. The town-hall, a handsome building in the centre of the town, supported on arches, under which the market is held, was erected, in 1706, by Scroop, Duke of Bridge \yater, at an expense of £2000. Brackley comprises the parishes of St. Peter and St. James, which, though ecclesiastically united, are dis- tinct as regards civil affairs 3 the former consists of 3716 acres, and the latter of 430a. 3r. 36p. The living is a consolidated vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £19. 1. 6. 5 net income, £359; patron, Duke of Suther- land 3 impropriators. Trustees of the late Duke of Bridgewater. Under an inclosure act, in 1829, land and a money payment were assigned in lieu of tithes 3 and under the recent act, impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £167. 10., and vicarial for one of £238. 6. 10. The church of Saint Peter is an ancient building, with a low embattled tower, and con- tains a Norman font of curious design. St. James, for- merly a parochial church, is now a chapel of ease. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. The free grammar school was founded about the year 1447, by William of Wainfleet, who endowed it for ten boys, with £13. 6. 8. per annum, which sum is paid by Magdalen College, Oxford, to whom the site of the an- cient hospital was granted at the time of its dissolution. A national school is supported by subscription. Alms- 314 houses for six aged widows were founded by Sir Thomas Crewe, in 1633, and endowed with a rent-charge of £24, which was increased, in 1721, by his descendant. Lord Crewe, Bishop of Durham, with an additional charge of £12. The poor law union of Brackley com- prises 30 parishes or places, of which 25 are in the county of Northampton, 3 in that of Buckingham, and 2 in that of Oxford, and contains a population of 13,508. The site of a castle, built by one of the Norman barons, is still called the Castle Hill. Samuel Clarke, an emi- nent orientalist, and one of the coadjutors of Walton in publishing the Polyglott Bible, was born here, in 1623 ^ and Dr. Bathurst, Bishop of Norwich, who died in 1837, was also a native. BRACKNELL, a large posting-village, in the pa- rish of Warfield, hundred of Cookham, county of Berks 3 4 miles (E.) from Wokingham, on the road to Windsor. BRACON-ASH {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Henstead, hundred of Humbleyard, E. di- vision of Norfolk, 6 miles (S. W.) from Norwich > ficontaining 293 inhabitants. The road from Buckenham to Norwich intersects the parish. The living is a rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £10, and in the patron- age of Miss Berney 3 net income, £245. The church is partly in the early, and partly in the decorated st3de, and consists of a nave, chancel, and south aisle, with a mausoleum on the north side, belonging to the Berney family. Lord Thurlow was born at the old Hall in 1730. BRADBORNE {All Saints), a parish, partly in the hundred of Appletree, but chiefly in that of Wirks- woRTH, S. division of the county of Derby, 5 miles (N. N. E.) from Ashbourn 3 comprising the townships of Aldwark and Ballidon, the chapelries of Atlow and Bras- sington, and the hamlet of Lea-Hall ; and containing 1303 inhabitants. Tissington Hall was garrisoned for the king by its owner. Col. Fitz-Herbert, in 1643. The parish abounds with limestone. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 3. 4. ^ net income, £119, patron and impropriator, Duke of Devonshire. There is a chapel of ease at Ballidon. A school is partly supported by subscription. BRADBURY, a township, in the parish and union of Sedgefield, N. E. division of Stockton ward, S. division of the county of Durham, 2| miles (E.) from Rushyford, and 10| (S. by E.) from Durham 3 contain- ing 167 inhabitants. Mr. Cade, the antiquary, con- sidered the name of this place to be a corruption of Brimesbury, where King Athelstan encamped in 937> when he gained a decisive victory over the Danes 3 but it is more probable that this battle was fought at Bramby, in Lincolnshire. The place is thought to have been, shortly after the Conquest, the property of the family of L’Isle, and probably passed from them to the De la Poles 3 the families of Thornton, Lumley, Neville, Bowes, and others, subsequently held lands here, and some possessions are also stated in the records to have be- longed to the convent of Durham. The township is bounded on the south-east by the river Skerne, which separates it from the parish of Great A^^cliffe, and com- prises 2043 acres, in equal portions of arable and pas- ture 3 the surface is rather level, and pretty well wooded, and presents almost every variety of soil. £3000 have recently been expended in effectually draining the BRAD BRAD marshes, which promise to become good grazing land. The Great North of England railway, which has a station here, runs through the township for two miles. Richard Wright, Esq., of Sands House, is the chief pro- prietor. Here was formerly a chapel of ease, dedicated to St. Nicholas, of which there are no vestiges 5 the curate’s house is still standing. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £233 5 and there is a glebe of 63 acres. BRADBY, a chapelry, in the parish of Repton, union of Burton-tjpon-Trent, hundred of Repton and Gresley, S. division of the county of Derby, 3 miles (E.) from Burton ; containing 298 inhabitants. Near the chapel is the site of an ancient baronial man- sion, which was fortified by royal license in the year 1300 5 its materials are supposed to have been used by the first Earl of Chesterfield, in the erection of a resi- dence, which he garrisoned for the king, in 1642, and which, after a short defence, was captured by a strong detachment sent by Col. Gell^ it was taken down in I7SO. The living is a donative 3 net income, £863 patron, Earl of Chesterfield. The inhabitants marry and bury at Repton. A school for boys, and another for girls, were established by the late Earl and Countess. BRADDEN (St. Michael) , a parish, in the union of Towcester, hundred of Green’s Norton, S. division of the county of Northampton, 3 :^ miles (W.) from Towcester 3 containing 17I inhabitants. This parish, bounded on the south-east by the river Tow, comprises by measurement 1011 acres 3 the soil is generally strong, inclining to clay 3 the surface rather hilly, with gentle inclinations and slopes 3 and the meadows are subject to occasional floods : stone is quarried for road-making. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14. 6. 8. 3 net income, £227, arising from 192 acres of land, allotted, at the inclosure of the parish, in lieu of tithes 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. C. Ives. A school is partly supported by the lord of the manor and the clergyman. BRADENHAM (St. Botolph), a parish, in the union of Wycombe, hundred of Desborough, county of Buckingham, 4j miles (N. W. by N.) from High Wycombe 3 containing 226 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 3. 9., and in the patronage of Mrs. A. Hearle 3 net income, £190. Catharine Pye, by deed dated in 1713, gave land for the instruction of children. BRADENHAM, EAST (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Swapfham, hundred of South Greenhoe, W. division of Norfolk, 2 miles (N. W.) from Shipd- ham 5 containing 368 inhabitants. The parish com- prises 2340a. 3p., of which 1013 acres pay a modus of £34. 8. in lieu of tithes. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 2. 8^., and in the patron- age of Thomas Adlington, Esq. : the remainder of the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £352. 9., and the glebe comprises a little more than three acres, with a house. The church is a spacious structure, in the later English style, with a square embattled tower 3 it was thoroughly repaired in 1833, and contains some handsome monuments. There is a place of worship for Independents 3 and a national school is chiefly sup- ported by the rector. BRADENHAM, WEST (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Swaffham, hundred of South Greenhoe, 315 W. division of Norfolk, 3 miles (N. W.) from Shipd- ham 3 containing 364 inhabitants. The parish com- prises by computation l682a. 3r. 30p., of which 972 acres are arable, 615 pasture and waste; and 95 wood and plantation. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 1. 10|. 3 patron and appropriator. Bishop of Ely : the appropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £210, and the vicarial for one of £1603 and there are nearly eight acres of glebe, belonging to the bishop, and nearly 58 to the vicar. The church, situated on an eminence, is an ancient structure in the later English style, with a square embattled tower at the west end of the south aisle : in the chancel are three sedilia of stone, and a piscina of elegant design. A school is partly supported by the lord of the manor. At the inclosure, in 1802, about 12 acres of land, now worth £14 per annum, w^ere awarded to the poor. BRADESTON. — See Braydeston. BRADFIELD (St. Andrew), a parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Theale, county of Berks, 8 miles (W.) from Reading 3 containing 1042 inhabit- ants. The parish comprises 4057ct. 3r. 19p., according to a survey made in 1838. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19. 7- 3 net income, £788 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. H. Stevens. The parochial school, or school of industry, was established by the parish officers for the purpose of giving employ- ment and instruction to poor children 3 the arrange- ments are superintended by the family of the rector, who chiefly support another school. The union of Bradfield comprises 29 parishes or places, of which 25 are in Berks, 3 in the county of Oxford, and 1 in the county of Southampton 3 and contains a population of 15,557. A monastery was founded here by King Ina, before 699. BRADFIELD (St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union and hundred of Tendring, N. division of Essex, 3 miles (E. S. E.) from Manningtree3 containing 995 inhabitants. It is bounded on the north by the river Stour, and comprises by computation 2270 acres 3 the greater portion of the land rises to a considerable eleva- tion above the marshes 3 and the soil, chiefly a fine im- palpable loam, is uncommonly fertile. A fair is held on the last Monday in July. The living is a discharged vicarage, united, with Manningtree, to the rectory of Mistley, and valued in the king’s books at £12, 13. 4. : the great tithes, belonging to the trustees of the late Col. Rigby, have been commuted for a rent-charge of £422, with a glebe of 32 acres, and those of the in- cumbent for one of £193, with a glebe of 11 acres. The church is an ancient edifice, partly in the later English style, and partly of a much earlier date. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans. Sir Harbottle Grim- ston, master of the rolls under Charles II., and an eminent writer on the law, was born here. BRADFIELD (St. Giles), a parish, in the Tun- stead and Happing incorporation, hundred of Tun- stead, E. division of Norfolk, 2 | miles (N. N. W.) from North Walsham 3 containing 195 inhabitants. The living, consisting of one mediety, is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £3. 16. ai^d in the patronage of Lord Suffield 3 the other mediety is a donative, annexed to the vicarage of Thorpe-Market. The tithes of the rectory have been commuted for a 2 S 2 BRAD BRAD rent-charge of £160, and those belonging to the vicar of Thorpe for one of £55 5 and there are acres of glebe. The church is chiefly in the early style, and consists of a nave and chancel, with a square tower 3 the font is handsomely sculptured. BRADFIELD, a chapelry, in the parish of Eccles- FiELD, union of Wortley, N. division of the wapentake of Strafforth and Tickhill, W. riding of York, 6f miles (N. W. by W.) from Sheffield 5 containing 6318 in- habitants. The place comprises about 33,700 acres, and is in a mountainous part of the county, and sur- rounded by uncultivated and barren moors, lying be- tween the river Don and the borders of Derbyshire 3 the Loxley, the Ewden, and several smaller streams intersect the chapelry, winding through it in various directions. The district abounds with slate, flag, and Are and build- ing stone, and much of the land forms that part of the Duke of Norfolk’s manors of Hallamshire, called Brad- field, Westnall, and Waldershelf. Game abounds on the moors, and is strictly preserved. Fairs are held on June 17th and December Qth. The living is a perpetual curacy, with a net income of £186, and in the patronage of the Vicar of Ecclesfield, who, with the curate of Bradfield and others, has the impropriation. The chapel is an ancient edifice, with a tower, and was re- pewed about 1800, by the feoffees of sundry parcels of land, consisting of about 250 acres, appropriated by a decree of the Commissioners of Charitable Uses, 13th James I., for the repairs of the chapel and defraying the expenses attending the celebration of divine service, being such as are usually discharged by a church-rate : the income is about £170 per annum. There are dis- trict churches at Stainington and Wadslej?^, and a chapel at Bolsterstone. The Wesleyans have a place of worship. A school at Lower Bradfield, founded in 1706, by Thomas Marriott, is endowed with a house (in which the master resides), a croft, and a garden, besides a rent- charge of £103 and a school in connexion with the Establishment has been lately built by the liberality of Mrs. Remington, of Broomhead Hall, on a site given by the feoffees. Near the church is a Saxon camp in a very perfect state, and on the moors are several Druidical remains : many Roman coins have also been found. BRADFIELD-COMBUST, commonly called Brad- field-Manger {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Thingoe, hundred of Thedwastry, W. division of Suffolk, 5| miles (S. S. E.) from Bury-St. Edmund’s 3 containing 1Q2 inhabitants, and comprising 836 acres. It is situated on the road from Bury to Sudbury. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 19. 7., and in the patronage of the Rev. H. J. Hasted : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £230, and the glebe comprises five acres. This is the birthplace, and was the residence, of Arthur Young, the celebrated writer on agriculture, and author of various miscellaneous works. BRADFIELD- ST. CLAIR, a parish, in the union of Thingoe, hundred of Thedwastry, W. division of Suffolk, 6 miles (S. E. by S.) from Bury-St. Edmund’s 3 containing 240 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 4. 7.3 patron and in- cumbent, Rev. Robert Davers : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £2/2. 15., and there are 29 acres of glebe. 316 BRADFIELD - ST. GEORGE, or Monks -Brad- field, a parish, in the union of Thingoe, hundred of Thedwastry, W. division of Suffolk, 4^ miles (S. E.) from Bury-St. Edmund’s ; containing 479 inhabitants. An inconsiderable fair is held at Whitsuntide. The living is a rectory, united with that of Rushbrook, and valued in the king’s books at £11. I 7 . 3^. 3 net income, £550 3 patron. Marquess of Bristol. The church stands upon the highest ground in this part of the county, and has a very lofty square tower, from the summit of which sixty parish churches may be seen 3 in one of the upper windows, on the south side, is a representation of St. George and the Dragon, in painted glass. There is a small place of worship for Baptists. Th 6 mas Sparke, in 17 ^ 1 , gave property for the instruction of four children. BRADFORD {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Holsworthy, hundred of Black Torrington, Holsworthy and N. divisions of Devon, 6 miles (N. E. by E.) from Holsworthy 3 containing 530 inhabitants. It comprises 3454a. 8 r. 9p., and is situated on the river Torridge. The living is a rectory, valued in the^ king’s books at £13. 8 . 4., and in the patronage of the Rectors of East Down, Bratton-Flemiiig, and Goodleigh : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £350. 10., and the glebe consists of about 70 acres, with a house. The church is a plain edifice. The Rev. William Bick- ford, in 1745 , gave a small endowment for the instruc- tion of six children. BRADFOBD, a township, in the parish and union of Manchester, hundred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lancaster, ij mile (E. by S.) from Man- chester 3 containing 911 inhabitants. BRADFORD, a township, in the parish of Bam- brough, union of Bedford, N. division of Bambrough ward and of Northumberland, 4| miles (E. S. E.) from Belford 3 containing 34 inhabitants. It is situated on the west side of the small river Warn, near the road between Belford and Alnwick, and not very far from the North Sea. BRADFORD, a township, in the parish of Bolam, union of Castle ward, N. E. division of Tindale ward, S. division of Northumberland, 12 miles (W. S. W.) from Morpeth 3 containing 38 inhabitants. This ancient place was one of the manors of the Bolam barony, and had free tenants in it, who held of the chief lord by knight’s service. In the time of Henry III. the families de Bradford, de Preston, and de Croxton occur among the landed proprietors 3 soon afterwards the Middletons, now represented by the family of Monck, obtained pos- sessions here 5 and of other owners at various periods may be named the Ogles and Swinburnes : the township is at present the property of Sir Charles M. L. Monck, Bart., and Sir J. E. Swinburne, Bart. It occupies a bare situation on the south bank of the Blyth-water rivulet, and comprises about 1030 acres of land 3 a little to the south-east is the beautiful demesne of Belsay. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £64. 2., and the vicarial for £ 8 . 2. 6 . BRADFORD {St. Giles), a parish, in the union of Wellington, hundred of Taunton and Taunton- Dean, W. division of Somerset, 4j miles (W. S. W.) from Taunton 3 containing 550 inhabitants. This pa- rish, which is situated on the river Tone, and within a quarter of a mile from the great western road, comprises BRAD BRAD 1735a. 3r. : freestone is quarried, and the canal from Bridgwater to Tiverton affords facility of water- carriage. A cattle fair is held on the third Monday in September. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10. 17- 6. 5 net income, £1*20 ; patron and incumbent. Rev. W. Burridge 3 impropria- tors, the Landowners. The church is an ancient edifice. the reign of Henry VlII., had become equal to Leeds in extent and population, and far exceeded it in manufac- turing importance. During the civil war in the reign of Charles L, the town was garrisoned for the parliament, whose cause the inhabitants zealously supported 5 and in 1642, it was attacked by a detachment of the royalist forces from Leeds, that took post at Undercliffe, in the im- IP BRADFORD (St.Peter), a market- town and parish, and the head of a union, in the wapentake of Morley, W. riding of York, 10 miles (W. by S.) from Leeds, 34 (S. W.) from York, and I96 (N. N. W.) from London 3 comprising the townships of Allerton, North Bierley, Bowling, Bradford, Clayton, Eccleshill, Heaton, Man- ningham, Shipley, and Wils- den, and the chapelries of Haworth, Horton, and Thorn- ton ; and containing 105,257 inhabitants, of whom 34,560 are in the town. This place during the heptar- chy formed part of the extensive parish of Dewsbury, from which it appears to have been separated soon after the Conquest. The manor, which in the Domesday survey is described as a barren waste, was given to liber t de Lacy, w'ho attended the Conqueror from Nor- mandy, and fought under his standard at the battle of Hastings ; Ilbert had also 150 manors in the county, which he formed into a seigniory, called the Honour of Pontefract 3 and in the same family was vested likewise the barony of Clitheroe, in the shire of Lancaster. The frequent intercourse between the proprietors of these extensive estates, which w^ere separated by a wide tract of dreary, rugged, and uninhabited country, rendered some intermediate station requisite either for refresh- ment or security, in a journey of such difficulty and danger, at a time when feudatory wars w^ere raging between the various chieftains among whom the lands were divided 3 and the comparatively fertile and pleasant vale in which the town of Bradford is situated, appears to have been selected for that purpose. There is evidence of a castle existing here in the time of the mediate vicinity 3 but after one or two assaults, in which they were repulsed, the assailants retreated to Leeds, from which a stronger detachment was sent with no better success. Sir Thomas Fairfax soon afterwards took the command of the garrison in person, over whom the Earl of Newcastle, who had fixed his head-quarters at Wakefield, obtained a signal victory at Adwalton Moor 3 the parliamentarians, after their defeat, re- treated to Bradford 3 and the Earl, who had taken up his head-quarters at Bolling Hall, and brought his artillery to bear on the town, commenced a regular siege. Fairfax, seeing the dangerous position in which he was placed, endeavoured to make his escape by a desperate sally, in which Lady Fairfax, who accom- panied him, was made prisoner, but generously sent back with an escort by the earl in his own carriage 3 the town surrendered, and was garrisoned by the royalists, from whom, after the Earl of Newcastle had marched against the Scots, it was taken by Col. Lambert for the parliamentarians, in whose possession, after one or two attempts to retake it, it ultimately continued. The pros- perity of the town received a severe check during this struggle 3 its trade w'as so much impeded, that nearly half a century elapsed before it recovered its former im- portance, and Leeds, which had always been inferior to it as well in population as in extent, now became greatly its superior in both. The woollen manufacture, for which it had, from a very remote period, been cele- brated, and for which it is noticed by Leland in the reign of Henry VIII., was at its height in the reign of Charles 1. 3 but after the breaking out of the parlia- mentary war, the town lost its consequence as the prin- cipal seat of that manufacture, and languished till the middle of the last century, when it began to revive 3 and on the subsequent introduction of the worsted manufacture, it fully recovered its previous importance, and has since that time been rapidly advancing in pros- Lacys, which, as a baronial seat, would naturally assume that character ; and the inhabitants in its immediate neighbourhood, whom even the temporary residence of a chieftain and his retinue would attract, are styled burgesses in an inquisition taken after the death of Henry de Lacy, the last Earl of Lincoln. In this in- quisition, which is dated 1316, notice also occurs of a fulling-mill, a soke corn-mill, a market on Sunday, and other particulars, from which it would appear that the town, originating in the residence of the Lacy family, had already attained no inconsiderable degree of impor- tance. In the time of Henry III., the towm of Bradford paid more tallage to the king than Leeds, though smaller in extent. During the wars between the houses of York and Lancaster, it suffered much from the hostilities of the contending parties 3 and the inhabitants, though firm adherents of the house of Lancaster, received from Edward IV. exemption from toll, and a grant of two annual fairs of three days each. From this time the town continued to prosper without interruption, and, in perity. The TOWN is pleasantly situated at the junction of three fertile valleys, and is supposed to have derived its name from a ford over one of the tributary streams, which, rising in the western hills, flows through it into the river Aire 3 it is built partly in the bottom, but prin- cipally on the acclivities, of the valley, at various eleva- tions 3 and though some of the streets in the more ancient part are narrow and irregularly formed, most of those of more modern date are spacious and handsome. The houses are chiefly of stone, roofed with slate, and many of them are large and substantially built 3 and in the suburbs are numerous excellent houses and pleasant villas, inhabited by the merchants and the proprietors of the various factories in Bradford and its vicinity. The streets are well paved, and lighted with gas from works erected at an expense of £15,000, by a proprietary of 600 £25 shareholders, under an act obtained in the 3rd of George IV., subject in its provisions to an act of the 43rd of George III., for paving, lighting, watching, 317 BRAD BRAD and improving the town and neighbourhood. The in- habitants were until lately very inadequately supplied with water from works established by a company, in- corporated by act of parliament in 1790 5 the water was conveyed by pipes from a spring at Brown Royd Hill into a reservoir at Westgate, capable of holding only 15,000 gallons j some of the larger houses, which were not supplied from this source, had wells attached to them, and the remainder were supplied by w^ater- carriers from wells belonging to various proprietors, most of which were sunk to a depth of more than 100 yards. Great efforts have, however, been made, for some years, to obtain a more ample supply from Manywells, a copious spring of pure water, about eight miles from the town, for which purpose a company of shareholders recently subscribed a capital of £45,000, for whose in- corporation an act was passed in 1842, and the inha- bitants now enjoy a tolerable supply of excellent water. The air, though sharp, is healthy j and the environs abound with pleasing and picturesque scenery. A sub- scription library, containing a well assorted collection of nearly 8000 volumes, supported by 140 shareholders and annual subscribers of a guinea each 3 and a public newsroom, supported by 200 subscribers, were opened in 1828, in the Exchange Buildings, a handsome struc- ture of freestone in the Grecian style, erected at an expense of £ 7000 , by a proprietary of £25 shareholders. It comprises various apartments, of which those on the ground-floor are appropriated to the library and news- room, and on the first-floor is a spacious and elegant assembly-room for concerts, balls, exhibitions, and public meetings : the late Miss Jowett bequeathed £1000 towards liquidating the outstanding claims for the erection of the edifice. A mechanics’ institution was formed in 1825, but after a short time discontinued 3 and in 1832, another was established, for which an appropriate building was erected, in 1839, at an expense of £3300 3 and it is situated at the junction of Well- street with the new road to Leeds, and contains a theatre for the delivery of lectures, a library of 3000 volumes, and a museum, in which is a good collection of specimens in natural history, antiquities, various models, and machinery : an exhibition, including also a good collection of paintings, was opened to the public for fifteen weeks in 1840, and the receipts for admission amounted to £2345. Two newspapers, the Chronicle and the Courier, were published in the town in 1825 3 the former was discontinued in 1826, and the latter in 1828: in 1834, the Observer was begun, and is still in circulation 3 and in 1842, the Herald was established, of which the first number was published in January, but which was discontinued at the close of the year. The staple trade is the worsted manufacture 3 the woollen manufacture is also carried on to a considerable extent in several parts of the parish, and that of cotton on a smaller scale. For the spinning of worsted-yarn, and the weaving of wasted goods, there are not less than 112 large mills in the parish, of which 38 are situ- ated in the town 3 in these are 88 steam-engines of the aggregate power of 2059 horses, and 20 water-wheels of 87 horse power 3 and the number of persons engaged is 10,896. In the woollen manufacture are six extensive mills, chiefly in the adjoining townships, the machinery of which is propelled by 5 steam-engines of 150 horse power, and one water-wheel of 12 horse power, and the 318 number of persons employed is 681 3 and in the cotton manufacture are two mills, worked by a steam-engine of 14 horse power, and 3 water-wheels of 22 horse power, affording occupation to 98 persons 3 a very considerable number of persons are also engaged in hand-loom weav- ing. The Piece Hall, in Kirkgate, was erected by the merchants and manufacturers, in 1773, for the exhibi- tion and sale of worsted stuffs, and is a neat building, 144 feet in length, and 36 in breadth, containing an upper and lower chamber 3 and though the larger manu- facturers display and sell their goods in the spacious warehouses attached to their factories, still, on market days, the hall is crowded with numerous manufacturers from neighbouring places, and by multitudes of dealers who resort to the town as the principal mart of the worsted manufacture 3 it is open every Thursday from ten till half past eleven in the morning, and from two till three in the afternoon. Much business is transacted on Monday in the woollen trade 3 and of late years, a considerable trade in English and foreign wool has sprung up, large quantities of which are transmitted hence to the various parts of the clothing district. The quantity of wool consumed in the manufactures of the parish in the year 1840, was 17,135,704 pounds 3 nearly equal to the aggregate quantities of Keighley, Bingley, Halifax, and Wakefield. A chamber of commerce, con- sisting of the principal wool-staplers, spinners, manu- facturers, and merchants, was established in 1837. The Bradford Canal, which communicates with the Leeds and Liverpool canal at Shipley, affords facility of con- veyance for the manufactures of the town, and also for the rich mineral produce of the surrounding district, which abounds with coal, limestone, and freestone of excellent quality ; it is three miles in length, and has a fall of 87 feet in its whole extent, with 12 locks, and was opened in 1774. The market, which is amply sup- plied with corn, cattle, and provisions of all kinds, is on Thursday 3 and fairs for horses, cattle, sheep, and various articles of merchandize, are held on March 3rd, June 17 th, and Dec. 9 th 3 the last two continuing for three days each. The new market-place, built by the lord of the manor in 1824, comprises a spacious area, round which are ranged shops for butchers, poulterers, green- grocers, and dealers in other necessaries 3 and above, on three sides of the area, are ranges of stalls and shops for the sale of fancy articles : the market for cattle is held in an inclosed area in Duke- street, but swine, of which great numbers are brought to the town, are ex- posed for sale in the streets. By the act of the 2 nd and 3 rd of William IV., the town was invested with the elective franchise, and constituted a borough, with the privilege of returning two members to parliament 3 the right of election is vested in the resident £10 house- holders, and the returning officer is appointed by the sheriff of the county 3 the borough comprises the town- ships of Bradford, Manningham, Bowling, and Horton. The town is within the jurisdiction of the magistrates for the West riding, and twm constables are appointed annually at a vestry meeting held in the parish church 3 a court of requests in Darley- street is held under an act of the 33 rd. of George III. for the recovery of debts not exceeding forty shillings 3 and a court for the recovery of debts not exceeding £15, within the honour of Ponte- fract, is held every third Wednesday. The adjourned Midsummer quarter -sessions for the West riding are BRAD BRAD held here. The court-house is a handsome building of freestone, in the Grecian style j in front is a rustic base- ment projecting boldly from the centre, above which is a handsome portico of four Ionic columns, supporting an entablature and cornice surmounted with a triangular pediment. The watch-house, with a depot for fire- engines, w^as built in 1837, at a cost of £1400. The PARIS El comprises by computation 33,3^3 acres, of which 1198 are in the township of Bradford ; a very considerable portion is hilly moor, affording but in- different pasture 5 and the land under cultivation being divided into small farms, occupied chiefly by persons who are also employed in the domestic woollen and stuff manufactures, or in the factories, the system of agricul- ture pursued is susceptible of much improvement. The soil near the town, and generally in the lower parts of the parish, is a rich loam on a substratum of clay, and the lands in the bottoms of the valleys produce abun- dant crops. The substratum is rich in mineral produce, abounding with coal, iron-stone, freestone, and mill- stone grit, all of w^hich are extensively wrought 5 of the last the town is mostly built ; it is raised in large blocks, and, together with great quantities of flag- stone, is sent to London, and some of the principal towns in the kingdom. The mill-stone grit is abruptly cut off to the east and south of the town by the coal-measures, which form the northern boundary of the large York- shire coal-field j and in these strata are found the rich iron-ores which are so extensively used in the Low Moor, Bowding, and Bierley iron-works. The coal is of two kinds, distinguished as the black bed and the better bed -j the former found at various distances from the surface with a roof of argillaceous iron-stone, and the latter about forty yards below the former, varying in thickness, and extending to the magnesian limestone formation in the south. To these valuable mines and quarries, and to the numerous rivulets that intersect the parish, may be in a great degree attributed the import- ance of the town, as the principal seat of a wide and prosperous manufacturing district. The LIVING is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £30 3 net income, £437^, with a good house 3 patrons, the Trustees of the late Rev. C. Simeon. An afternoon lectureship was founded, in the seventeenth century, by Peter Sunderland, Esq., who also presented part of the communion- plate. The parish church is a spacious and venerable structure, in the perpendicular style, with a massive square embattled tower, strengthened by double buttresses at the angles, and crowned with angular and central pinnacles, rising from a perforated parapet 3 the western entrance is through a handsome arch, above which is a large window, in the later English style 3 the south porch is modern 3 the walls of the aisles are strengthened with buttresses of several stages, and those of the nave are embattled. The nave is separated from the aisles by a series of finely clustered columns, and lighted by a range of large clerestory windows 3 and the east window, which is of modern insertion, is large, enriched with tracery, and embellished with some por- tions of ancient stained glass. On the north of the chancel is a monument by Flaxman, to Abraham Balme, Esq., with a representation of age instructing youth, in which the figures are beautifully sculptured) within the ancient Bolling chapel, is an elegantly sculptured monu- ment to William Sharp, Esq., and in the chancel is a 319 handsome marble monument, erected by Miss Hartle}?’, to the memory of her deceased parents. The church- yard having become too small for the parish, was enlarged, in 1817', and, in 1833', the church was repaired and new fronted. Christ Church, erected on a site presented by Benjamin Rawson, Esq., and for which the stone was giver! from his quarries at Baildon, by William Thomp- son, Esq., of Kirk Hammerton, was completed, in 1815, at an expense of £5400, raised by subscription, towards which a lady unknown contributed £800, through the Rev. Dr. Gaskin, of London 3 it is in the later English style, with a square tower, and was enlarged in 1836 by the assistance of the Incorporated Society, and in 1836 new roofed, and repaired at an expense of £1000, to- wards which the Society granted £50 3 it contains ,1354 sittings, of which 600 are rented, and the remainder free 3 the communion-plate was presented by the late John Jarratt, Esq. The incumbency is a perpetual cu- racy 3 net income, £1603 patron, the Vicar of Bradford. The churches dedicated to St. James and St. John are described under the article Horton, in which towmship they are situated, as also a church in the township of Manningham. There are places of W'orship for Baptists, the Society of Friends, Independents, Primitive Metho- dists, Wesleyans, Unitarians, and Roman Catholics 5 the gateway of the Unitarian meeting-house is an ancient massive piece of masonry, removed from Howley Hall after its demolition. The Free Grammar School, which is of very early date, was refounded and richly endowed by Edward VL 3 and by charter of Charles IL, in 1662, was placed under the direction of thirteen governors, of whom the vicar of Bradford is one ex officio, and by whom the master, who must have the degree of M.A., either at Oxford or Cambridge, and the usher, are appointed 3 and by the same charter, the Archbishop of York was made visitor. The school-house was rebuilt by the governors on a more eligible site, under an act of parliament, in 1818, and the present spacious and hand- some structure comprises a neat dwelling-house for the master, and a library for the use of the scholars 3 the endowment exceeds £500 per annum, and the number of scholars on the foundation is by the statutes limited to fifty 3 the scholars are eligible to exhibitions founded in Queen’s College, Oxford, by Lady Elizabeth Hastings. A school, in w'hich 200 boys are taught by a master, who has a salary of £70, with a house, and a supply of coal 3 and another, in which are seventy girls, are main- ^ tained by subscription. A national school, in which are 300 boys, was established in 1831, and a school of in- dustry, in which are sixty girls, in 1833 3 they are both supported by subscription, and have lending libraries attached to them. There is also an infants’ school, in which are 170 children. At UnderclifFe, about a mile to the north-east of the town, is the Airedale Independent College, originally founded at Heckmondwike, in the parish of Birstal, in 1756, and in 1783 removed to North Owram, in the pa- rish of Halifax 3 the institution was refounded in 1800, in the township of Idle, for the education of young men intended for the ministry of the Independent denomina- tion, and continued to be carried on there, under the su- perintendence of the Rev, William Vint, till 1834, when it was ultimately established in its present situation a short time previously to that gentleman’s decease. The college was endowed in 1803 with £5000 three per cent. BRAD BRAD consols, by Edward Hanson, Esq., who for the three years preceding had paid for the maintenance and instruc- tion of two students 3 the endowment was subsequently augmented by Mrs. Bacon, of Bradford, with estates at Fagley and UnderclifFe, and with £1500 in money, towards the erection of the present building 3 and the annual income, from the endowment, including dona- tions and subscriptions, is now about £850. The course of study pursued in the college, which has been recently incorporated with the London University, comprises the Hebrew, Syriac, Greek, Latin, French, and German languages 3 the mathematics, natural and moral philosophy, the belles lettres, divinity, ecclesias- tical history, and the various subjects connected with the leading object of the institution. The buildings, erected after a design by Mr. Clarke, architect, of Leeds, form a handsome edifice of freestone, with a stately portico, and occupy a considerable eminence 3 they afford accommodation for tw^enty students, each of whom has a private study and separate bed-room, and contain a library, lecture-room, and dining-room, with apartments for the tutors, one of whom is always resi- dent, and every recjuisite arrangement for the purposes of the college. The present tutors are the Rev. Walter Scott and the Rev. W. B. Clulow : connected with the college is the Independent place of worship in Fligh- street, erected under the superintendence of Mr. Prit- chett, architect of York, and containing 7OO sittings. At Horton is a Baptist College, founded in 1804, which is described in the article Horton {which see). The Dispensary , a large and handsome building, in Barley- street, erected in 1827, at an expense of £3500, and supported by subscription, afforded, in 1840, relief to 1666 out-patients, of whom 878 were visited at their own homes, and to 92 in-patients, who w^ere admitted in that year 3 the institution is gratuitously attended by three medical officers, and three dispensing apothecaries. The Infirmary, in Westgate, erected in 1842, at a cost of £5000, contains wards for 60 patients, and is gra- tuitously attended by tw’o physicians, two surgeons, and two apothecaries. The lying-in charity was founded, in 1798, by the late Mrs. Rich 3 and the Bene- volent, or Strangers’ Friend, Society, in 1813 3 both are supported by subscription, and administer extensive relief. A vagrant office has been opened at the court- house, which distributes about £50 per annum, in pro- viding lodging and food for such destitute travellers as are not deemed incorrigible vagrants. There are va- rious bequests for distribution among the poor, of which one of £400, by Miss Mary Jowett, has been invested in the purchase of £500 four per cent, annui- ties. The union of Bradford comprehends the whole of the parish, except the township of Haworth, and eight townships in the parishes of Birstal and Calverley, including in the whole twenty-two townships, and containing a population of 132,164. The learned and eloquent John Sharp, Archbishop of York, in the reign of William III., was a native of the place. BRADFORD-ABBAS {St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Sherborne, Sherborne divi- sion of Dorset, 4 miles (W. S. W.) from Sherborne 3 containing 652 inhabitants. It comprises 1139«. B. 30p., of which 774 acres are arable, 336 pasture, and 29 woodland 5 the soil is partly of a sandy and partly of a stony nature 3 the surface is hilly, and where flat 320 subject to inundation 3 the river Ivel passes through the district. The living is a vicarage, with which the rectory of Clifton-Mabank was united in 1824, valued in the king’s books at £7. 17- H-j and in the gift of the Warden and Fellows of Winchester College, who exchanged the living of Milbourne Port for this, in 1824. The Marquess of Anglesey has com- muted his share of the great tithes for a rent-charge of £193. 17- 11-5 fbe Warden and Fellows also re- ceive £45 per annum out of the same, and the vicarial tithes of the parish have been commuted for £1563 the glebe belonging to the impropriator comprises nearly nine acres, and to the vicar nearly 9f . The church is an elegant structure in the later English style, with a lofty square embattled tower of graceful elevation. The Rev. William Preston, in 1738, gave an estate, now worth £24 per annum 3 and in 1781, Mark West and William Read gave property producing £12. 5. per annum 3 for which sums children are educated on the national system. BRADFORD, GREAT {Holy Trinity), a market- town and parish, and the head of a union, in the hun- dred of Bradford, N. and Westbury divisions, and Trowbridge and Bradford subdivisions, of Wilts, 8 miles (S. E.) from Bath, 31 J (N. W. ) from Salisbury, and 102 (W. by S.) from London 5 comprising 11,272 acres, and including the chapelries of Atworth, Holt, Limpley-Stoke, Winsley, and South Wraxall, and the ty things of Leigh with Woolley, and Trowle 3 the Vvffiole containing 10,563 inhabitants, of whom 3836 are in the town. This place, from a ford over the river Avon, was called by the Saxons Bradenforcl, of which its present name is a contraction. During the heptarchy, a battle took place here, between Cenwalh, king of the West Saxons, and a formidable party of his own sub- jects, who had rebelled against him, under the com- mand of his kinsman Cuthred, when the latter were defeated with great slaughter. In 706, Aldhelm, bishop of Sherborne, founded an abbey at the place, which he dedicated to St. Lawrence, and which, after its destruc- tion by the Danes, was rebuilt and converted into a nunnery by Ethelred, who annexed it to a larger establishment of the same kind at Shaftesbury, in 1001. The TOWN is beautifully situated on the acclivity of a steep hill, forming part of a line of eminences on the northern side of the river Avon, over which are an ancient bridge of four, and a modern bridge of nine, arches, both affording agreeable prospects. The view of the town, which consists of three regular streets ranged above each other at different elevations on the side of the hill, is strikingly picturesque 3 the houses, built of stone, are in general handsome, and many of them elegant 3 and the inhabitants are amply supplied with water from springs. Various designs have been carried into effect for the improvement of the town 5 and in 1839 an act was passed for paving, lighting, watching, and improving it 3 some of the streets have been widened, and considerable alterations made for the furtherance of business. A book society and a newsroom have been recently established, and are well supported. The principal branch of manufacture is that of woollen-cloth, which is said by Leland to have flourished in the reign of Henry VIII., particu- larly that composed of the finer kind of Spanish and Saxony wool, for the dyeing of w hich the water of the BRAD BRAD ;r is highly favourable. There are numerous fac- es, affording employment to many men, women, [ children, in the town and neighbourhood. Ladies’ Dh, kerseymere, and fancy pieces, are also manufac- ed to a considerable extent. The Kennet and Avon lal, which provides an increased facility of convey- ie to various parts of the kingdom, passes close to towm, and a commodious wharf has been con- ncted on its bank. The Great Western railway npany, also, were authorized, by their act, to con- act a branch from the main line to Bradford. The rket is on Saturday 5 the fairs are on Trinity-Mon- and the day after St. Bartholomew’s* day ; the ter held at Bradford-Leigh, a hamlet in the parish. Bradford sent members to parliament in the 23rd of ward I., but since that time it has made no return, e petty- sessions are held here alternately with Trow- dge ; and a court of requests, for the recovery of bts under £5, the jurisdiction of which extends over e hundreds of Bradford, Melksham, and Whorwels- wn, is held, under an act passed in the 47th of ^orge III., every third Tuesday, alternately with owbridge and Melksham. A small oratory, on the nth-western side of the bridge, formerly belonging to e monastery of St. Lawrence, has been converted to a place of confinement for offenders, previously to leir committal to the county gaol. The living is a scharged vicarage, with Westwood annexed, valued in le king’s books at £10. 1. 3.3 net income, £596 j itrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Bristol, he .church, a spacious handsome structure, suffered 'eatly from fire in 1742, and has undergone extensive ;pair 3 the windows contain some modern stained ass, the altar is embellished with a good painting of le Last Supper, and there are several stately monu- lents of marble. A district church, dedicated to hrist, has been recently erected, of which the in- Limbent has a net income of £150 3 ^^6 there are bapels of ease at At worth. Holt, Limpley- Stoke, Wins- y, and South Wraxall, in the parish. There are laces of worship for Baptists, Independents, the ociety of Friends, the Connexion of the Countess of [untingdon, Wesley ans, and Unitarians. A free school ; endowed with an estate at Holt, purchased with 240 given by Mr. Francis Smith, and with the divi- ends on £240 three per cents., given, in 1805, by Mr. ohn Shawbridge, who also bequeathed £400 in the ame stock, directing the interest to be distributed mong the poor : the endowment for the school mounts to £40 per annum, for which thirty-two boys re educated. Another school has an endowment of 10 a i^ear. There are also twm almshouses, one )unded by Mr. John Hall, for aged men, the other >r.aged women 3 they are supposed to have been an ppendage to the monastery, of which, and also of ther religious establishments formerly existing there "e still some slight remains. The poor law union of radford comprises eight parishes or places, of which !ven are in Wilts, and one in Somerset, and contains population of 13,379* Many curious fossils have ^en found in the quarries adjoining the town. BRADFORD-PEVERELL {St. Mary), a parish, in e union of Dorchester, hundred of George, Dorches- r division of Dorset, 3^ miles (N. W. by W.) from archester 3 containing, with the hamlet of Muckleford, VoL. I.— 321 355 inhabitants. The parish, which comprises by mea- surement 2180 acres, is situated on the river Frome, and bounded on the north by the main road from Dor- chester to Yeovil, and on the south by the road to Bridport. There is an old Roman way in a straight line from the village to Dorchester 3 and several tumuli are in the vicinity, some of which, on being opened, were found to contain urns, burnt bones, coins, and various other relics of the Romans. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 2. 11. 3 net income, £229 5 patrons. Warden and Fellows of Win- chester College : corn-rents were assigned in lieu of tithes in 1798, and there are about 50 acres of glebe, with an excellent house. The church is a plain edifice 3 a good arch separates the chancel ; and on stained glass in one of the windows is the coat of arms of William of Wykeham. BRADFORD-WEST, a township, in the parish of Mitton, union of Clitheroe, W. division of the wapentake of Stain cliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 2 miles (N.) from Clitheroe 3 containing 366 inhabitants. The township comprises by computation 1700 acres, chiefly in pasture 3 it is intersected by the road from Grindleton to Waddington, and the river Ribble passes on the south-east, at a very short dis- tance from the village. BRADING {St. Mary), a market-town and parish, in the liberty of East Me- dina, Isle of Wight incor- poration and division of the county of Southampton, 4 miles (S.) from Ryde, and 95 (S. W.) from London 3 containing 270 1 inhabitants. The parish comprises 9555 acres, of which 8156 are arable, pasture, cottages, and gardens 3 the remainder Corporation Seal. being the cliff, the harbour of Brading, and roads and waste. The town, formerly of considerable importance, as appears from its being styled the King’s town of Brading ” in the legend of its common seal, is situated to the south of the harbour, by which it may be ap- proached by vessels of small burthen. Repeated attempts have been made to exclude the sea by an embankment, the last of which was by Sir Hugh Myddelton, the projector of the New River, who had effected this, when, during a wet season, the works, which had. been raised at an expense of £7000, were completely destroyed by a spring tide. In the parish is Sandown fort, a regular quadrangular fortification, flanked by four bastions, and encompassed by a ditch ; it w^as constructed, in the reign of Henry VIII., on a level with the beach, and, having been greatly neglected after the rise of the English navy, ivas repaired during the late war, and is now the most considerable fortress in the island. The town consists principally of one long street, the houses in which are irregularly built 5 the inhabitants are plentifully supplied with water from public wells. The market, which is amply supplied with corn, is on Monday 3 and fairs are held on the 12th of May and 2nd of October. The government, by charter of incorporation, granted prior to the reign of Edward VI., is vested in a senior and junior bailiff, two justices, 2 T BRAD BRAD (who are the bailiffs of the preceding year,) two con- stables, a steward, and other officers 3 the bailiffs are appointed at the court leet of the town. The town- hall, now used as a schoolroom, is a very small build- ing, the lower part of which contains a prison, and is also used for the market. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £20, and in the gift of Trinity College, Cambridge : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £l645, of which £1285 are payable to the college, £330 to the incum- bent, and £30 to an impropriator 3 the glebe attached to the living consists of 3| acres, and that belonging to the college of 16^ acres. The church, one of the most ancient in the kingdom, is said to have been built, in 704, by Wilfred, Bishop of Chichester, who here bap- tized his first converts to Christianity 5 it is a spacious structure, with a tower, and some probable remains of Saxon architecture are preserved in the nave, though it has undergone many alterations in other parts. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and a national, and a day and Sunday, school are supported by sub- scription. — See Bembridge. BRADLE, a tything, in the parish of Church- Knowle, union of Wareham and Purbeck, hundred of Hasilor, Wareham division of the county of Dor- set 3 containing 97 inhabitants. BRADLEY, a tything, in the parish of Cumner, union of Abingdon, hundred of Hormer, county of Berks, 5 miles (N. N. W.) from Abingdon 3 containing 7 inhabitants. BRADLEY, a township, in the. parish of Malpas, union of Wrexham, Higher division of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, 2 miles (S. E. by E.) from Malpas 3 containing 99 inhabitants. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £72. BRADLEY {All Saints), a parish, in the hundred of Appletree, union of Bxjrton-tjpon-Trent, S. divi- sion of the county of Derby, 3 miles (E. by S.) from Ashbourn3 containing 271 inhabitants. It comprises 2374a. Sr. 23p., of which the soil is, in a nearly equal proportion, strong and light. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 19. 9^., and in the patronage of the Dean of Lincoln : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £262, and the glebe com- prises 55 acres. The church is a small ancient structure. There is a chalybeate spring, but it is not much used. BRADLEY, a tything, in the parish and union of Crediton, hundred of West Budleigh, Crediton and N. divisions of Devon, 2| miles (N. E.) from Cre- diton. BRADLEY, with Sin well, a tything, in the parish of Wotton-ender-Edge, union of Dursley, Upper division of the hundred of Berkeley, W. division of the county of Gloucester, ~ a mile (W. S. W.) from Wotton 3 containing 2504 inhabitants. BRADLEY, a hamlet, in the chapelry of Holt, parish of Medbourne, union of Uppingham, hundred of Gartree, S. division of the county of Leicester, 2^ miles (N. N. W.) from Rockingham. A small priory of Augustine canons was founded here, in the reign of John, by Robert Bundy, or Burneby, the revenue of which, at the time of the suppression, was £20. 15. 7- BRADLEY (St. George), a parish, in the union of Caistor, wapentake of Bradley Haverstoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 3 miles (S. W.) from 322 Great Grimsby 3 containing 1 06 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 10. 10., and in the patrtjfiage of Sir John Nelthorpe, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £245, and there are nearly 7 acres of glebe. BRADLEY (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Basingstoke, situated in a detached portion of the hundred of Overton, Basingstoke and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 8| miles (S.) from Basing- stoke 5 containing 125 inhabitants. It comprises about 1100 acres, of which 850 are arable, 23 meadow, and 220 woodland. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 13. 4., and in the patronage of C. E. Rumbold, Esq. ; the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £185, and there are 21 acres of glebe. The church is a small plain edifice, with 80 sittings, of which 20 are free. BRADLEY, a chapelry, in the parish of Fladbury, union of Droitwich, Middle division of the hundred of OswALDSLow, Droitwich and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, 6|- miles (E. S. E.) from Droitwich 3 containing, with the hamlet of Stock, 251 inhabitants, of whom 160 are in Bradley. ’ BRADLEY, BOTH, a township, in the parish of Kildwick, union of Skipton, E. division of the wa- pentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 2f miles (S. S. E.) from Skipton 3 containing 557 inhabitants. This township, which consists of the two hamlets of Upper and Lower Bradley, comprises by computation 1630 acres, the property of the Earl of Burlington 3 the soil is fertile, and stone is quarried. The tithes have been commuted for rent-charges amount- ing to £66. 15. 7., of which £43. 15. 7* are payable to the Dean and Chapter of Christ-Church, Oxford, and £23 to the vicar of the parish. There are places of wor- ship for Primitive Methodists and Wesleyans, and a burial-place belonging to the Society of Friends. BRADLEY-FIELD, a hamlet, in the chapelry of Underbarrow, parish, union, and ward of Kendal, county of Westmorland, 4 miles (W.) from Kendal. BRADLEY, GREAT (St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Risbridge, W. division of Suf- folk, 6^ miles (N. by E.) from Haverhill 3 containing 544 inhabitants, and comprising by computation 2306 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £17. 1. 5|., and in the patronage of the Trus- tees of the Rev. W. S. Parr Wilder, the present incum- bent ; the tithes produce £650 per annum, and the^lebe comprises about 50 acres. The church is an ancient stru c ture. BRADLEY-IN-THE-MOORS (All Saints), a pa- rish, in the W. division of the hundred of Cuttlestone, union, and S. division of the county, of Stafford, 3|- miles (N. W.) from Penkridge 5 containing, with the liberties of Billington and Woollaston, part of Alstone, Brough, and Rule (the three last having been heretofore deemed extra-parochial), and part of Apeton, 649 inha- bitants. The parish comprises by measurement nearly 6000 acres of fertile land, and is situated near the Liver- pool and Birmingham railway, and the Grand Trunk canal. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £75 3 patron and impropriator. Lord Stafford. The church is a neat and substantial structure. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. The free grammar school is of early and obscure foundation 3 the endow- BRAD BRAD ment arises from land producing about £130 per an- num. BRADLEY-IN-THE-MOORS {All Saints), a pa- rish, in the union of Cheadle, S. division of the hun- dred of Totmonslow, N. division of the county of Stafford, 4 miles (E. S. E.) from Cheadle j containing 72 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £58 ; patron and impropriator, Earl of Shrews- bury. The impropriate rectory is valued in the king’s books at £17. 11 . 8. BRADLEY, LITTLE {All Saints), a parish, in the pnion and hundred of Risbridge, W. division of Suf- folk, 6 miles (N. by E.) from Haverhill j containing 33 inhabitants, and comprising by measurement 97b acres. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 0, 10., and in the patronage of W. and C. Lamprell, Esqrs. : the tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £250. The church, though small, is of very considerable antiquity, with a round tower 3 in it lies buried John Day, the celebrated printer, and it contains also some ancient and curious monuments. BRADLEY, MAIDEN {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Mere, partly in the hundred of Norton- Eerris, E. division of the county of Somerset, but chiefly in the hundred of Mere, Warminster and S. divisions of Wilts, 5f miles (N. by W.) from Mere 3 containing, with the tything ofYarnfield, 700 inhabit- ants. The parish is the property of the Duke of Somer- set, who has a seat here, and comprises 4208 acres, of w^hich 1400 are arable, I860 pasture, 506 down, and, 362 wood ; the soil is various, and for the most part good rich land. The district abounds with romantic and interesting scenery 3 there are two singular knolls of chalk, separated from each other by the turnpike-road leading to Wincanton. Fairs, formerly of importance, are held on April 25th and September 21st. About three-quarters of a mile to the north-east of the village, and now forming part of the buildings of a farm called Priory farm, are the remains of an hospital, founded by Manasser Biset, about the close of the reign of Stephen, or the beginning of that of Henry II., and dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, for leprous women, under the care of some secular brethren (who were afterwards changed by Herbert, Bishop of Sarum, into a prior and canons of the Augustine order), and of which, at the Dissolu- tion, the revenue was £197. 18. 8. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £1113 patrons and appro- priators. Dean and Canons of Christ- Church, Oxford. The church contains a monument, finely executed, to the memory of Sir Edward Seymour, Bart., of political celebrity in the reigns of Charles II., William and Mary, and Anne. A school is supported by subscription. BRADLEY, NORTH {St, Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Westbury and Whorwelsdown, hun- dred of Whorwelsdown, Whorwelsdown and N. divi- sions of Wilts, 2 miles (S.) from Trowbridge ; contain- ing, with the tything of Southwick, 2427 inhabitants, of whom 1043 are in North Bradley tything. The parish is bounded on the west by the river Frome, and com- prises by measurement 3978 acres, of which 2764 are pasture, 927 arable, and 287 woodland 3 the soil is for the most part a strong clay, and the surface hilly, ex- cept to the north, where a small portion is level. Brad- ley stream enters from the south, and^ pursuing a 323 northern course, empties itself into the Trow. The liv- ing is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £11 3 net income, £398 ; patrons and impropriators. Warden and Fellows of Winchester College. In the tything of Southwick* at the extremity of the parish, an additional church, called Christ Church, was erected under the auspices of the late Dr. Daubeny, Archdeacon of Sarum, and incumbent of the parish, at an expense of more than £10,000, of which £3000 were contributed by himself 3 it is an elegant structure, in the later English style, and forms a beautiful and deeply interesting fea- ture in the landscape ; it contains 700 sittings, of which 350 are free. The living is a perpetual curacy, of the net value of £159, and in the patronage of the vicar of North Bradley : in an extensive garden and shrubbery, adjoining the churchyard, is the minister’s house, an elegant building. At a short distance from the parish church is a neat edifice of Bath freestone, erected and endowed, in 1808, as an asylum, by the Archdeacon, for the reception of aged persons of respectable character, reduced to poverty 3 and attached to the asylum is a school. The endowment consists of property invested in the . funds, producing about £120 per annum. A building, called the Vicar’s poor-house, was erected by the same munificent benefactor, for the reception of twelve poor persons. There is one place of worship for Wesleyans, and two for Particular Baptists. BRADLEY, WEST, a parish, in the union of Wells, hundred of Glaston-Twelve-Hides, E. division of Somerset, 4f miles (E. S. E.) from Glastonbury 3 con- taining 116 inhabitants. The living is annexed to the vicarage of East Pennard : the appropriate tithes, paya- ble to the Bishop of Bath and Wells, have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £30, and those belonging to the incumbent for one of £50 ; there is a glebe of 12j acres. BRADMORE, a parish, in the union of Basford, N. division of the wapentake of Rushcliffe, S. division of the county of Nottingham, 6^ miles (S.) from Not- tingham 3 containing, with the hamlet of Parbrook, 416 inhabitants. The parish is on the Nottingham and London road, through Loughborough, and comprises by computation 1560 acres. The living is a vicarage, an- nexed to that of Bunny : the church, with the exception of the steeple, was destroyed by fire, and has not since been rebuilt. BRADNINCH {St. Bi^ sen), a parish (formerly a borough and market- town), having separate jurisdiction, in the union of Tiverton, locally in the hundred of Hayridge, N. division of Devon, 8 miles (N. E.) from Exeter, and I70 (W.) from London 3 containing 1714 inhabitants. This place, an- ciently called Braineis, was • a 1 of some importance in the Corporation Seal, time of the Saxons : in the reign of John it received many privileges, which were increased by Henry III., and in the reign of Edward III. it was annexed to the duchy of Cornwall. In this and in the preceding reign it sent representatives to parliament, from which, on account of its poverty, it was excused in the time of Henry VII., 2 T 2 BRAD BRAD on the payment of a fine of five marks. During the civil war the town suffered considerably, from its prox- imity to Exeter, and was alternately in the possession of the royalists and the parliamentarians 5 and in the year 1665 it was almost destroyed’ by fire. The parish comprises 4351a. of which 4184 acres are arable, meadow, pasture, and orchard. The town is pleasantly situated on an eminence, environed by hills on all sides except the south and south-west, and consists princi- pally of neatly thatched and white-washed cottages. The woollen trade was formerly carried on, but little now remains j the chief branch of manufacture* at pre- sent is that of paper, for which there are three mills, affording employment to sixty or seventy of the inhabit- ants. Iron-ore has been found in the neighbourhood, but works have not yet been established. The Bristol and Exeter railway passes by the town. The market has been discontinued 5 but small fairs are held on May 6 th and October 2 nd. The first charter of incorporation was granted by Reginald, Earl of Cornwall, and others were bestowed by King John and James 1 . 5 the latter of these, as en- larged in 1667, is the governing charter, under which the corporate body consists of a mayor, twelve masters, and an indefinite number of free burgesses, with a recorder, town-clerk, two serjeants-at-mace, and constables 5 the mayor, late mayor, and recorder, are justices of the peace for the borough. The corporation holds a court s of session quarterly : the mayor’s court, for the recovery of debts under 40s., is held monthly 5 and the petty- sessions are also held monthly, and frequently every Monday. The guildhall is a small building. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £102 3 patrons and ap- propriators, Dean and Canons of Windsor, whose tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £584, and who have 120 acres of glebe. The church is an ancient structure, with a tower and other portions of later date 3 the chancel is separated from the nave by a richly carved oak screen 3 the whole was repaired in 1842, and with .such skill and success that the original character of the venerable structure has been preserved in all its pristine beauty. There is a place of worship for Particular Bap- tists. Schools are conducted on the national system 3 and two sums of £50 each have been lately bequeathed to the mayor and burgesses, upon trust, to be distri- buted in bread to the poor every Christmas. Bradninch gives the title of Baron to the Dukes of Cornwall, who are styled Barons of Braines. BRADNINCH, a precinct, in the county of the city of Exeter, S. division of Devon 3 containing 55 in- habitants. BRADNOP, a township, in the parish and union of Leek, N. division of the hundred of Totmonslow and of the county of Stafford, 2 miles (E. S. E.) from Leek 3 containing 442 inhabitants, many of whom are employed in copper- mines. A house and garden, of the value of about £5 per annum, are attached to a school here. BRADON, NORTH and SOUTH (8t. Mary Mag- dalene), a parish, in the union of Langport, hundred of Abdick and Bulstone, W. division of Somerset, 3f miles (N. by E.) from Ilminster 3 containing 41 inhabitants. The living is a sinecure rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 4. 4^., and in the patron- age of the Wyndham family : the impropriate tithes 324 have been commuted for a rent-charge of £55, and the vicarial for one of £50. The church is in ruins. Adjoining this parish was one called Gouze Bradon, now depopulated, and the church and other buildings entirely destroyed. BRADPOLE {Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Bridport, hundred of Beaminster-Forum and Redhone, Bridport division of Dorset, 1 mile (N. N. E.) from Bridport 3 containing 1357 inhabitants. It com- prises 998a. 2r. 16., of which 566 acres are arable, 182 meadow, 100 pasture, and 18 woodland. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 8 . 13. !§., and in the patronage of the Crown ; net income, £199. The church is ancient, and appears to be of the era of Henry VII. The inhabitants formerly interred their dead at Bridport, but, by a composition made in 1527, they were allowed to inter in their own churchyard, on paying annually a small acknowledg- ment to the rector of Bridport. BRADSHAW, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Bolton, hundred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 3 miles (N. E.) from Bolton-le- Moors 3 containing 827 inhabitants. Bradshaw Hall was the property and residence of John Bradshaw, who presided at the trial of Charles I. Here are extensive bleachiag-grounds. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £1363 patron. Vicar of Bolton. A collec- tion of books, given by Mrs. Isherwood, is kept in the chapel. A school has lately been erected. BRADSHAW, an ecclesiastical district, in the parish and union of Halifax, wapentake of Morley, W. riding of York, 3 ^ miles (W.) from Halifax 3 contain- ing 3499 inhabitants. This district was formed sub- sequently to the erection of a church here in 1838 3 the scenery is strikingly diversified, and from the summit of Soil-hill is a very extensive view, embracing the cathe- dral and city of York, with the adjacent country for 40 miles around. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in the various worsted-mills, in wool-combing and hand- loom weaving, and in the collieries and quarries within its limits, which are in extensive operation. The church, dedicated to St. John, was erected at an expense of £1200, of which £800 were given by the late Mrs. Elizabeth Wadsworth, and the remainder by the Par- liamentary Commissioners 3 it is a neat structure in the early English style, with a square tower, and con- tains 350 sittings, of which 125 are free. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Vicar of Halifax, with a net income of £150 3 the first incum- bent minister is the Rev. Edward Ramsden, M.A., one of the trustees of the late Mrs. Wadsworth. There are places of worship for Wesleyans, Primitive Methodists, and Methodists of the New Connexion. A national school was erected by Mrs. Wadsworth, who endowed it with £20 per annum 3 and that lady also bequeathed funds for the erection and endowment of six almshouses for aged females 3 the buildings were completed in 1841, and form a neat range, in the Elizabethan style. BRADSHAW-EDGE, a township, in the parish and union of Chapel-en-le-Frith, hundred of High Peak, N. division of the county of Derby, mile (W.) from Chapel-en-le-Frith 3 containing 1850 inhabitants. BRADSTONE {St. Nun), a parish, in the union of Tavistock, hundred of Lifton, Lifton and S. divisions of Devon, 4:| miles (S. E. by E.) from Launceston 3 BRAD BRAD containing 166 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 7'. 2., and in the patronage of the Bishop of Exeter : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £210, and there are 50 acres of glebe. BRADWELL (St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union of Newport-Pagnell, hundred of Newport, county of Buckingham, 3^ miles (E. by S.) from Stoney- Stratford ^ containing 381 inhabitants. It is situated near the Wolverton station of the London and Birming- ham railway, and comprises 1671<^. 2r. 27p., of which 16 1 acres are woodland. The living is a vicarage, en- dowed with the great tithes, valued in the king’s books at £5. 11. 0|., and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £250, and there are six acres of glebe. The sum of £13. 13. is applied annually in relieving the poor, and towards instructing children. BRADWELL, a township, in the parish of Sand- bach, union of Congleton, hundred of Northwich, S. division of the county of Chester, 2 miles (N. by W.) from. Sandbach ; containing 344 inhabitants. The tithes have been commuted for rent- charges amount- ing to £323. 0. 3., of which £159. 7- 7. are payable to the impropriator, £158. 11. 8. to the vicar of the parish, and £5. 1. to the rector of Brereton. BRADWELL, a township, in the parish of Hope, union of Bakewele, hundred of High Peak, N. divi- sion of the county of Derby, 4| miles (N. N. E.) from Tides well ^ containing 1273 inhabitants, who are chiefly engaged in the lead and calamine works in the vicinity, the manufacture of these articles being carried on to a considerable extent. About the year 1807, a huge natural excavation, called the Crystallized Cavern, was discovered ; it is approached by a narrow entrance, leading to a spacious area, the sides of which are lined with crystallizations of singular beauty, and its separate parts are recognised by different names, such as the Grotto of Paradise, the Grotto of Calypso, Music Cham- ber, &c. There are meeting-houses for Wesleyans and Unitarians. A place called the Castle, near the junction of the Noe and the Bradwell water, is supposed to have been the site of a Roman station, which comprised a square area, measuring 310 feet by 270 3 several Roman remains have been found. BRADWELL (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the in- corporation and hundred of Mutford and Lothing- LAND, E. division of Suffolk, 3 miles (S. W.) from Great Yarmouth 3 containing 270 inhabitants. Breydon Water bounds the parish on the north. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £28, and in the patronage of the Rev. George Anguish : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £630. The church contains a monument to the ancient family of Vesey, and an octagonal font on an ascent of two steps. BRADWELL ABBEY, an extra-parochial liberty, in the union of Newport-Pagnell, hundred of New- port, county of Buckingham, 3j miles (E. S. E.) from Stoney- Stratford 3 containing 21 inhabitants. A priory of Black monks, dedicated to St. Mary, was founded, about the time of Stephen, by Meinfelin, Baron of Wol- verton, originally as a cell to the monastery at Luf- field 3 the revenue, in the 23rd of Henry VIII., was £53. 11. 2.3 the site is now occupied by a farm- house. BRADWELL-juxta-Coggeshall (Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Braintree, hundred of Wit- ham, N. division of Essex, 2 miles (W. by S.) from Great Coggeshall 3 containing 293 inhabitants. It derives its name, originally Broadwell, from a copious spring to the north of the Hall : the river Pant, or Black-water, flows through a small hamlet in the parish, to which it gives its name. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12, and in the gift of M. P. C. Brun- win, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £345, and the glebe consists of 31 acres. The church is a small edifice, with a tower, and contains several ancient and handsome alabaster monuments. A school is supported by subscription. BRADWELL - near - the - Sea (St. Thomas the Apostle), a parish, in the union of Maldon, hundred of Denote, S. division of Essex, 12 miles (E.) from Maldon 3 containing 1034 inhabitants. The parish is situated at the mouth of the river Black- water, and is bounded on the east by the North Sea 3 it comprises 4/33rt. Sr. \Sp., of which 3156 acres are arable, 972 pasture, and 60 wood. Camden places the Saxon city of AEtliancestre at or near this place, which he also iden- tifies with the Roman station Othona, where the Nume- rus Fortensium was posted under a commander styled Count of the Saxon shore, at the decline of the Roman empire in Britain. A fair is held on the 24th of June. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £48, and in the gift of the Rev. T. Schreiber : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £1300, and there are nearly 254 acres of glebe, with a house, built by Sir H. Bate Dudley, between 1781 and 1786. The church, rebuilt in I7O6, is a handsome edifice, with a stone tower surmounted by a lofty spire, and is situated on elevated ground commanding fine prospects. An ancient chapel, called Capella-de-la-Val, of uncertain foundation, has long been in ruins. There is an en- dowed school in the parish. BRADWOOD-WIDGER, a parish, in the union of Holsworthy, hundred of Lifton, Lifton and S. divi- sions of Devon, 6 miles (N. E.) from Launceston 3 con- taining 923 inhabitants. The parish comprises by com- putation 5000 acres, the soil of which is chiefly clay, and the surface hilly 3 it is bounded by the river Brad- wood on the south and north, and the river Carey on the west. The place belonged to the Priory of Frithel- stock, and, on the dissolution of monasteries, was con- ferred by Henry VHI. on the Dean and Chapter of Bristol. A fair is held on the Tuesday next after Midsum- mer-day. The living is a perpetual curacy, with that of German’s- Week annexed, valued in the king’s books at £8. 3. 4. 3 net income, £148 3 patrons and appropria- tors. Dean and Chapter. About 70 acres of glebe are attached to the curacy. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BRAD WORTHY (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Bideford, hundred of Black Tor- rington, Holsworthy and N. divisions of Devon, 7 miles (N. by W.) from Holsworthy 3 containing 1081 inhabitants. The reservoir of the Bude canal, occupy- ing an extent of 75 acres, is chiefly in the parish. The living is a vicarage, with the perpetual curacy of Pan- crassweek annexed, valued in the king’s books at £25. 5. 5., and in the patronage of the Crown 3 net income, £243 3 impropriators, Mrs. E. Langdon and 325 B R A 1 B R A I Rev. R. Kingdon. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BRAFFERTON, a townships in the parish of Ay- CLiFFE^ union of Darlington, S. E. division of Dar- lington ward, S. division of the county of Durham, 4^ miles (N. by E.) from Darlington; containing "211 inhabitants. The township, which is situated on the line of the Great North of England railway, contains 2312 acres, and comprises the ancient manor of Ketton, which was granted by Bishop Carilepho to the convent of Durham, and is now the property of the Rev. Sir Charles Hardinge, Bart. While Ketton was in the oc- cupation of the late Charles Colling, who died in 1830, it was celebrated for its fine breed of short-horned cattle. The tithes have been commuted for rent-charges amount- ing to £220. 16. 8., of which £144. 10. are payable to the vicar, £73 to the Dean and Chapter of Durham, and £3. 6. 8. to the prebendary of the eighth canon of Dur- ham cathedral. A church school was built here in 1823, and is supported by subscription. BRAFFERTON (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Easingwould, v/apentakes of Hallireld and Bul- MER, N. riding of York ; containing 873 inhabitants, of, whom 179 are in the township of Brafferton, 4j miles (N. E.) from Boroughbridge. The parish includes the townships of Helperby and Thornton-Bridge, and com- prises 4565 acres : the village adjoins Helperby on the east side of the river Swale. The Great Northern rail- way intersects Pill-Moor. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9. 15. 6., and in the patronage of the Crown, with a net income of £307 5 appropriator, the Archbishop of York. The church was rebuiit in 1832, at the expense of £1300, raised by subscription. A school is conducted on Dr. Bell’s plan ; and the poor have, with other smaller cha- rities, the rent of ten acres of land, now producing £16 a year. Brafferton Spring, north-east of the village, is a noted fox-cover. BRAFIELD- ON -THE - Green (St. Lawrence) a parish, in the union of Hardingstone, hundred of Wymmersley, S. division of Northamptonshire, 5 miles (E. by S.) from Northampton ; containing 428 inhabitants. The parish consists of 1273 acres, gene- rally of a fertile and productive soil. The living is a discharged vicarage, annexed to that of Little Houghton, and valued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 6^. BRAILES (St. George)^ a parish, in the union of Shipston-upon-Stour, Brailes division of the hundred of Kington, S. division of the county of Warwick, 4 miles (E. by S.) from Shipston ; containing, with the hamlets of Chelmscott and Winderton, 1284 inhabitants. Prior to the Conquest, this lordship was in the posses- sion of Edwin, Earl of Mercia ; and subsequently, in- cluding the hamlets of Chelmscott and Winderton, it yielded to the Conqueror no less than £55 yearly, with 20 horse loads of salt.” Henry III., in 1248, granted a charter for a market to be held here on Monday, which has been long discontinued ; also a fair, on the eve of the festival of St. George and the two following days, now inconsiderable. In the 13th of Edward I., William de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, then owner of the manor, claimed by prescription, and was allowed certain privileges ; viz., a gallows, with assize of bread and beer. The parish contains 5407 acres of land, of which about 2000 are arable and 3000 326 pasture ; the village is situated on the turnpike-road to Banbury, and is of considerable extent. There is a manufactory for livery shag, plush, &c., in which nearly 100 persons are employed. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £25 ; net income, £344 3 patron, Samuel Thornton, Esq. 5 impropriator, George Bishopp, Esq., M.D. Under an inclosure act passed in 1784, land and annual money payments were assigned, in lieu of all tithes and moduses, for Lower Brailes. The church was probably erected in the time of the Conqueror, and was given, in the reign of his son, Henry I., to the canons of Kenilworth 3 it is a large and handsome edifice, combining the early, decorated, and later English styles, with a lofty tower supported by tall buttresses, and crowned with battlements and pinnacles, containing six bells 3 the interior was modernised in 1824. A guild, consisting of a warden, brethren, and sisters, was founded in the church by Richard Nevill, Earl of Warwick 3 the revenue, in the 3?th of Henry VIII., was £18. 13. 2., out of which a grammar school was then supported. There are places of worship for the Society of Friends and Roman Catholics. A free school, probably founded about the end of the reign of Flenry VHL, is endowed with an improved income of £70. There are also a school for girls, and one for in- fants, besides a school for Roman Catholic children 3 and several bequests have been made for the benefit of the poor, of which the principal is one by William Prestidge in 1732, now producing £36 per annum. There was anciently a chapel at Chelmscott, in which a chantry for four priests was founded by Thomas de Pakinton, of Brailes, in 1322. In Upper Brailes, at the distance of ij mile from the church, is a chalybeate spring, the water of which has been used with consider- able advantage in cases of scrofula. BRAILSFORD (All Saints), a parish, in the hun- dred of Appletree, S. division of the county of Derby, 7 miles (N. W. by W.) from Derby ; containing, with the township of Ednaston, 756 inhabitants, of whom 539 are in that portion exclusive of the township. The parish comprises 4296<2. 33p., and is situated on the great road between London and Manchester. It for- merly belonged to the family of Brailsford, from whom it passed by marriage to the Bassetts, and from them in the same way to the Shirley family. The living is a rectory, with that of Osmaston annexed, valued in the king’s books at £9. 19. and in the gift of the Rev. W. A. Shirley : the tithes have been commuted for a gross rent-charge of £500, and the glebe comprises about 72 acres, with a residence. The church, which stands on an eminence, is a handsome edifice, with an elegant tower 3 some portions are of the Norman style, but it is chiefly of the early part of the fifteenth century. There are two places of worship for Wesleyans; and a school is supported by subscription. BRAINTFIELD (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Hertford, hundred of Cashio, or liberty of St. Alban’s, though locally in the hundred of Hert- ford, county of Hertford, 3^ miles (N. W.) from Hertford ; containing 201 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 6. 8., and in the patronage of Abel Smith, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £326, and there are about 35 acres of glebe. According to Matthew Paris, this was the first ecclesiastical preferment held by B R A I B R A I the celebrated Thomas a Becket 3 and a small pond near the parsonage-house still bears his name. A school is supported by subscription. BRAINTREE (St. Michael), a market-town and parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Hinckford, N. division of Essex, 11 miles (N. by E.) from Chelmsford, and 40 (N. E.) from London 5 con- taining 3670 inhabitants. This place is described in Domesday book under the head of Raines,” including also the village of Raine,” to which it was at that time a hamlet, and from which it was separated in the reign of Henry II. From its situation on the road leading from London into the counties of Suffolk and Norfolk, it is supposed to have derived considerable benefit from the numerous pilgrims who passed through it, on their way to the shrines of St. Edmund, at Bury, and Our Lady of Walsingham^ and the population having con- sequently increased, it was made a market-town in the time of John. In the early part of the reign of Eliza- beth, the Flemings, as has been supposed, fleeing from the persecution of the Duke of Alva, settled at Brain- tree, and introduced the manufacture of woollen- cloth 5 but it appears that that manufacture had existed long before, it being noticed so early as 1389, in an act of parliament intituled ^^The clothes of certain counties tacked and folded shall not be put to sale before they be opened.” The town is pleasantly situated on an emi- nence, and consists of several streets irregularly formed and inconveniently narrow : the houses in the central part, now the only remaining portion of the old town, are in general ancient, and many of them are built of wood 5 but in the principal street, which is the grand thoroughfare, are many well-built modern houses. The woollen trade has given place to the manufacture of silk, which has been introduced into the neighbourhood within the last 40 years, and in its various branches now affords general employment to a rapidly increasing population. The manufacture of silk- crape has more recently been established ; in this branch about 1400 people are employed by the Messrs. Courtauld in the towns of Braintree, Booking, and Halstead, in machine- making, spinning, weaving, dyeing, and crape-finishing. The total number of persons employed in the silk trade in these three towns, in 1838, was about ^210, of which 660 were crape-weavers in hand and power looms, 450 silk-weavers in other branches, and 1100 factory hands. Straw-platting has also been lately introduced, and affords occupation to a considerable number of females. The market, which is said to be equal to any in the county, is on Wednesday 3 and the fairs commence on May 7 th and October 2 nd, each continuing for three days, and the latter is a great mart for cattle and hops. The county magistrates hold a petty- session for the division on alternate Wednesdays. Braintree is the place for nominating and returning two knights for the northern division of the shire. The parish comprises 2249«. Ir. I9p. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 12 . 3. 4., and in the patronage of Lady Stewart 3 net income, £2123 impropriator, Earl of Winchilsea. The church, a spacious structure on the summit of a mount, apparently the site of an ancient camp, is principally of later English architecture, with a tower in the early style, surmounted by a shingled spire of later date, and was enlarged in the reign of Henry VIII., the expense 327 having been defrayed out of the proceeds of many plays performed in it, during the interval from 1523 to 1579^ of which several curious particulars are recorded in the churchwardens’ accounts. There are places of worship for Baptists, the Society of Friends, Independents, and Methodists. An ancient grammar school, in which the eminent naturalist, John Ray, received his education, is supported partly by an endowment of land, now let for £18 a year, bequeathed by J. Coker, Esq., partly by an annuity of £45, left by the Rev. James Burgess, and partly by voluntary contributions. In the reign of Charles I., Henry Smith, alderman of London, who, from the habit of wandering like a beggar, accompanied by his dog, obtained the appellation of Dog Smith,” bequeathed £2800 to the poor of this and 13 other parishes 3 and there are many other charities in the town, yielding altogether nearly £200 per annum. The union of Braintree comprises 14 parishes or places, and contains a population of 15,097 *• the workhouse, calcu- lated for the reception of 300 inmates, cost £6342. About half a mile distant there were, till lately, the ruins of a very ancient church, founded before the Conquest, and formerly the parish church : the site of a Roman camp, now called the Cherry Orchard, is pointed out 3 and many sepulchral urns, fragments of Roman pottery, and Roman coins, have been found, besides three British gold coins, supposed to be those of Boa- dicea. This was the scene of one of the earlier mar- tyrdoms, that of Richard Pygott, in the reign of Mary. Samuel Dale, M. D., editor of the “ History and Anti- quities of Harwich,” resided here, and assisted Mr. Ray in collecting the more rare plants in Essex 5 and the Rev. Mr. Challis, Professor of Astronomy at Cambridge,, is a native of the place. BRAISEWORTH, a parish, in the union and hun- dred of Hartismere, W. division of Suffolk, if mile (S. S. W.) from Eye 3 containing 151 inhabitants. It is within the parliamentary borough of Eye. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 8 . if., and in the gift of Major-General Sir E. Ker- rison, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £ 195 , and there are 20 acres of glebe. The church is in the early style, and consists of a nave and chancel 3 the entrances on the north and south sides are through Norman doorways, that on the north being exceedingly rich in workmanship. BRAITHWAITE, a township, in the parish of Crosthwaite, Allerdale ward above Derwent, W. division of Cumberland, 2f miles (W. by N.) from Keswick 3 containing 318 inhabitants. The village lies at the foot of Winlatter-Fell, the summit of which, gained by a steep ascent of two miles and a quarter, embraces prospects of a most sublime character. A woollen manufactory is carried on 3 and lead-mines have been worked. BRAITHWAITE, a detached hamlet, in the parish of St. Mary, Carlisle, union of Penrith, Leath ward, E. division of Cumberland, 6f miles (E. N. E.) from Hesket-Newmarket 3 containing, with Middle- sceugh, 181 inhabitants. BRAITHWAITE, a hamlet, in the parish of Kirk- Bramwith, union of Doncaster, Upper division of the wapentake of Osgoldcross, W. riding of York, 3f miles (W. by S.) from Thorne 3 containing 107 inha- bitants. It is situated on the north bank of the river BEAM BEAM Don, and nearly a mile from the village of Kirk-Bram- with. BRAITHWELL (St, James), a parish, partly in the union of Doncaster, and partly in that of Rother- ham, S. division of the wapentake of Strafforth and Tickhill, W. riding of York ; containing, with the chapelry of Bramley, 800 inhabitants, of whom 447 are in the township of Braithwell, miles (E. by N.) from Rotherham. In acknowledgment of a subscription raised here towards the ransom of Richard I., when made captive in Germany, a charter for a market and fair was granted to this place on his return from the Holy Land 5 the former is disused, but the latter is held on the first Wednesday in May ; and a cross still re- mains in the centre of the village, with an inscription in Norman French, dated 119L commemorating the event. The parish comprises 2930 acres, of which 69 are waste, and the soil is partly limestone, and partly clay ; in the township of Braithwell are 1368 acres of arable land, 602 meadow, and 7 wood. The country is high, and slightly inclined to the south-east • a great part of the township of Braithwell is nninclosed, and cultivated in very long slips of ground belonging to various proprie- tors, which gives the surface a bleak appearance in that neighbourhood, but in other portions there is a consi- derable quantity of wood. The inhabitants manufacture stockings of excellent quality 3 red- ochre is also made, and lime burnt. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 7- 6 ., and in the patronage of the Crown : all the tithes of Bramley township belong to the vicar, and the impropriator of the rest of the parish is the Earl of Scarborough : the incumbent’s tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £351, and those of the Earl for £368. The church is an ancient edifice, with a square tower 3 an arch, of very early style, separates the chancel from the nave. At Bramley is a chapel of ease 3 and there is a place of worship for Wesleyans. The school was founded in 1693 , by John Bosvile, who, it is said, endowed it with £700, but the endowment has been lost for more than a century. In 1818, the Rev. Thomas Bosvile gave £250 for the instruction of ten children 3 and £16 per annum, the bequest of John Gledall and Christopher Waterhouse, in 1681, are divided amongst the poor twice in the year. There are several powerful springs, of which the chief are the Town well, and Holy well. BRAKES, a township, in the parish of Leintwar- DiNE, union of Ludlow, hundred of Wigmore, county of Hereford 3 containing 156 inhabitants. BRAMBER (>S't. Nicholas), a parish, in the union and hundred of Steyning, rape of Bramber, W. divi- sion of Sussex, 1 mile (E. S. E.) from Steyning, and 60 miles (S. by W.) from London 3 containing 138 inha- bitants. This place was formerly noted for a castle built by the descendants of William de Braiose, upon whom it was bestowed by the Conqueror 3 and in the reign of Edward III., the castle was garrisoned by John de Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk, for the protection of the town and shore from the expected attack of the French, who were hovering olf the coast. The town is situated on the river Adur, which is navigable for small vessels 3 and though once of considerable extent and importance, consists at present only of a few cottages. It was a borough by prescription, and returned members to par- liament in the 23rd of Edward I. : after that time it frequently omitted, and was occasionally represented, in conjunction with Steyning, till the 7 th of Edward IV .3 from which period it regularly continued to return two representatives, until its disfranchisement in the 2 nd of William IV. The parish comprises by computation 850 acres, of which 280 are arable, 425 down, and 145 pasture. The living is a discharged rectory, endowed with only one-third of the tithes, with the vicarage of Buttolphs united, and valued in the king’s books at £ 10 . 6 . 8.3 it is in the patronage of the President and Fellows of Magdalene College, Oxford, impropriators of the remaining two-thirds of the tithes of Bramber, and of all the rectorial tithes of Buttolphs. The appropriate tithes of Bramber have been commuted for a rent-charge of £113. 6 ., and those of the rectory for one of £56. 13. In 1837^ the patrons gave an acre of glebe, on which the Rev. Thomas Grantham, the rector, erected a hand- some parsonage. The church, formerly cruciform, is a small ancient edifice, consisting only of a nave and chancel, but containing some fine portions in the Norman style, with a low square tower. The ancient and once formidable castle, occupied a quadrilateral area, 560 feet in length, and 280 in breadth, surrounded by a wide and deep moat 3 the remains consist principally of part of a square Norman tower, of great solidity, some de- tached portions of the walls to the north-west, and the mount whereon stood the keep. It was garrisoned by the parliamentarian forces during the civil war. On altering a road near the river, an old bridge, of excellent workmanship, was discovered, on which was formerly a chapel 3 and at Beddington was an hospital, dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene, of which the founder is un- known. BRAMCOTE, a parish, in the union of Shardlow, S. division of the wapentake of Broxtow, N. division of the county of Nottingham, 5 miles (W. by S.) from Nottingham 3 containing 732 inhabitants. The parish occupies several lofty hills, and the scenery, interspersed with some large and handsome mansions, is highly pic- turesque 3 from the village, situated on a considerable eminence, and one of the prettiest in the county, is a fine view of the town of Nottingham, and of the country for many miles round. Coal is obtained on the moor, and excellent bricks are made to a great extent 3 a number of persons are also employed in the lace and stocking manufacture. The Nottingham canal passes through the parish. The living is a perpetual curacy, annexed to the vicarage of Attenborough : on the in- closure of land, in 177 L acres were allotted to the vicar. The church stands on an abrupt eminence. A square rock here is a natural curiosity. ^ BRAMCOTT, a hamlet, in the parish of Bulking- TON, union of Nuneaton, Kirby division of the hundred of Knightlow, N. division of the county of Warwick, 4 miles (S. E.) from Nuneaton 3 containing 73 inha- bitants. BRAMDEAN (St. Simon and St, Jude), a parish, in the union of Alresford, hundred of Bishop’s Sutton, Droxford and N. divisions of the county of Southamp- ton, 4 miles (S. by E.) from New Alresford 3 containing 225 inhabitants. The parish is pleasantly situated, and in the village, which is irregularly built, and of rural appearance, are several handsome detached residences 3 the surrounding scenery is picturesque, and the view of the vale of Bramdean, as seen from the church, which 328 B R A M is very beautiful. The living is in the king’s books at £8. 14. 9|., and fUe patronage of the Bishop of Winchester : the les have been commuted for a rent-charge of £224, d there are 10^ acres of glebe. The church, which 3 recently been repaired, and decorated in an appro- iate style, by thfe Rev. C. Walters, rector, forms, from beautiful situation, partly embowered among trees, interesting feature. Near the manor-house of oodcote is a tessellated pavement in tolerable preser- bion. BRAMERTON (St, Peter), a parish, in the union d hundred of Henstead, E. division of Norfolk, 4^ les (S. E. by E.) from Norwich ^ containing 229 in- bitants. It comprises 7^8a. Sr. S4p., and is bounded the north by the navigable river Yare, from which es an extensive and beautiful common, in the hills of lich are found a great variety of fossils. The living is discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6, d in the patronage of Robert Fellowes, Esq. : the hes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £250, d there are 22 acres of glebe, and a handsome and mmodious parsonage-house. The church, which is iefly in the decorated style, consists of a nave and ancel, with a square embattled tower : the interior IS repewed, and thoroughly repaired in 1839. The 2V. William Berney, in 1715, bequeathed £100 for the struction of children, or the relief of the poor. BRAMFIELD, Herts. — See Braintfield. BRAMFIELD (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union id hundred of Blything, E. division of Suffolk, miles (N.) from Saxmundham j containing 746 inha- tants. It comprises 2546a. 3r. 25p., of which the soil chiefly clay, and the surface level. The living is a dis- arged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 7. 6., id in the patronage of the Crown j net income, £172 ; ipropriator, Robert Howard, Esq. : there are 4 acres glebe, with a small parsonage-house. The church, liefly in the decorated style, consists of a nave and lancel, which are separated by an exquisitely carved ireen j the tower is circular and detached, and seems ) have belonged to a more ancient church. In the lancel is a splendid monument to Arthur Coke and is lady 5 the former represented in a kneeling, and his idy in a recumbent posture, with an infant in her arms : lere are also numerous memorials to the Rabett family, ho have resided at Bramfield Hall for more than four mturies. On Castle Hill is a mound or encampment loated ; and not far from it, a few years since, several fonze halberd-spear heads were found. BRAMFORD (St. Mary), a parish, in the union ad hundred of Bosmere and Claydon, E. division of UFFOLK, 2j miles (W. N* W.) from Ipswich 3 containing 81 inhabitants. The Stow-Market and Ipswdch canal rosses the parish. The living is a vicarage, with Bur- tall united, valued in the king’s books at £13. 3. 9. j et income, £79 ; patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Canterbury. A school has been established n the national plan. BRAMHALL, a township, in the parish and union f Stockport, hundred of Macclesfield, N. division f the county of Chester, 3 miles (S. by W.) from tockport ; containing 1396 inhabitants. The manorial lansion is a curious edifice of timber and brick, plais- ired over, standing on elevated ground, and possesses VoL. I. — 329 great interest, as part of the wooden building is supposed to date as far back as the reign of King John j at the south-east angle is the domestic chapel, apparently of the time of Richard HI., having a fiat pannelled roof, and a considerable quantity of painted glass in the win- dow's, and containing the remains of several deceased members of the family of Davenport, the branch of which residing at this seat became extinct in 1829- BRAMHAM (Jll Saints), a parish, in the Upper division of the wapentake of Barkstone-Ash, W. riding of York 5 comprising the townships of Bramham and Clifford, with the modern village of Boston, and con- taining 2760 inhabitants, of whom 1194 are in the township of Bramham with Oglethorpe, 4^ miles (S. S. E.) from Wetherby. A battle was fought here, in 1408, between Sir Thomas Rokeby, sheriff of Yorkshire, and the Earl of Northumberland, in which the earl w^as defeated and slain, and by which the possession of the crown was secured to Henry IV. The extensive village of Bramham is pleasantly situated in the vale of a small rivulet, on the great north road, the neighbourhood of which is undulated, and abounds with rich and beautiful scenery 5 there are good stone-quarries for building and other purposes. Here is the residence of George Lane Fox, Esq. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 7* 6. 3 net income, £1595 patrons and appropriators, Dean and Canons of Christ- Church, Oxford. The church is an ancient and elegant structure, in the decorated English style. There are chapels of ease at Boston and Clifford 5 and places of worship for Wesleyans and Ranters. A fund of £14 per annum, arising from land purchased by bequests, is appropriated to the instruction of children 3 and national schools have also been established- There are visible remains of the Watling-street, on Bramham Moor, a mile north of the village : from the middle of this moor is an extensive prospect of a w^ll-cultivated district, which abounds also with freestone, limestone, and coal. BRAMHOPE, a chapelry, in the parish of Otley, Upper division of the wapentake of Skyrack, W. riding of York, 3 miles (E. S. E.) from Otley 3 containing 350 inhabitants. This chapelry, which is situated on high ground, overlooking the valley of Wharfdale, comprises 1290 acres of fertile land. John Dyneley, Esq., is lord of the^ manor. The village is irregularly built on elevated ground, and the surrounding scenery is pleasingly varied. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of six Trustees, appointed by the founder, and has a net income of £50 land was assigned to the impropriator, in lieu of tithes, in 1805. The school is endowed with an allotment producing £9 per annum. - BRAMLEY (All Saints), a parish, in the union and hundred of Basingstoke, Basingstoke and N. divi- sions of the county of Southampton, 4| miles (N. by E.) from Basingstoke 3 containing 428 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king s books at £7. 3. 6|. 3 patrons and impropriators, Provost and Fellows of Queen’s College, Oxford. The great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £510, and the vicarial for one of £150 3 there are about 2l| acres of glebe belonging to the impropriators, and nearly five to the vicar. A school is partly supported by subscription. BRAMLEY, a parish, in the union of Hambledon, First division of the hundred of Blackheath, W. divi- 2 U BEAM sion of Surrey^ 3 miles (S. by E.) from Guildford 3 containing 970 inhabitants. This parish, described in the Norman survey under the name of Bronlegh, com- prises about 4420 acres, and, in the southern part, abounds with natural beauties, particularly where it adjoins Haseomb and Bunsfold : the Arun and Wey Junction canal crosses it. In its ecclesiastical concerns it is annexed to the parish of Shalford, under the title of Shalford cum Bramley : the church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, is built in the form of a cross, with a small chapel on the south side, and is of the character of the 15th century 3 it contains several neat monuments. BRAMLEY, a chapelry, in the parish of St. Peter, and liberty of the borough of Leeds, W. riding of York, 4 miles (W. N. W.)from Leeds ; containing 8875 inhabitants. The chapelry is on the Leeds and Halifax road, and comprises by computation 2387 acres, of which a considerable* portion is the property of the Earl of Cardigan, lord of the manor. The substratum abounds with slate of good quality, and with freestone of great firmness of texture, in high repute for building, and of whichgreat quantities are raised and sent to most of the principal towns in the kingdom, by the Leeds and Liverpool canal, which passes through the township, and connects the two great ports of Liverpool and Hull. The village is pleasantly situated near the new Stanning- ley road, on a boldly undulated and richly wooded emi- nence, overlooking Airedale 3 it is nearly a mile in length, built chiefly of stone, and, viewed in connexion with the scenery of the vale beneath, has a very imposing aspect. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in the manufacture of woollen cloth, for which there are not less than twenty large mills, in full operation, in the village and adjacent hamlets in. the township, Stanningley, Rodley, Newlay, and White-Cote 3 and many are also engaged in the freestone quarries of Bramley Fall, on the south side of the river Aire. The chapel, supposed to have been originally founded by the monks of Kirkstall Abbey, has undergone so many alterations, that little of its ancient character re- mains 3 it was enlarged in 1833, when a spire was added to it, at an expense of £700, raised by subscription 3 it is a plain neat structure, containing about 650 sittings. The is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Yicar of Leeds, with a net income of £289- A church, dedicated to St. Thomas, has been erected at Stanning- ley, on a site given from the glebe by the Rev. Thomas Furbank, the incumbent of Bramley. There are places of worship for Baptists, Primitive Methodists, and Wes- leyans 3 and contiguous to the chapel are an infants’ day school, and a national Sunday school. An aUot- ment of land, including an augmentation on the inclo- sure of the common, now producing £25 per annum, is appropriated to the instruction of boys 3 and another allotment, producing £6 per annum, to the instruction of girls. £34 yearly, derived iii the same manner, are distributed in doth for shirting among the poor not receiving parochial aid 3 and £18 annually, the produce of land bequeathed by William Clough, Esq., are given in sums varying from 3s, to 7s, each. Rebecca Perigo,* wife of a small clothier of this place, fell a victim to the artifices of the notorious Mary Bateman, who upon pretence of dissolving a spell under which they= fancied themselves labouring, administered poison to her and to her husband, with a view to screen herself from^ 330 punishment for having strippeu'^Ji^^s^ their property 3 the husband, howeveir*^ ^ , brought the criminal to justice, and she was executBH in 1809.— See Sta^tningley. BRAMLEY, a chapelry, in the parish of Braits-- WELL, union of Rotherham, S. division of the wapen- take of Straeforth and TiCKHiLLj W. riding of York^ 4^ miles (E.) from Rotherham ; containing 353 inhabit- ants. This place formerly belonged to the abbey of Roche, the abbot of which had a grange here, that be- came, after the Dissolution, a seat of the Spencers. The family of Eyre lived in a house, called the Hall, in the village, for several generations; The township comprises about 977 acres of land. The chapel is a small ancient fabric, endowed with the rectorial tithes, and annexed to Braithwell : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £269. There is a place of worship for Wes- leyans. BRAMPFGRD- SPEKE Peter), a parish, in the union of St. Thomas, hundred of Wo^jford, Won- ford and S. divisions of Devotsi, 4j miles (N. by E.) from Exeter 3 containing 393 inhabitants. The parish is pleasantly situated on the river Exe, by which it is bounded on the east 3 the scenery is richly varied, and derives great beauty and interest from the proximity of the river. The number of acres is about 1560 3 the soil is rich and fertile, and the lands in a high state of cultivation. A fair, chiefly for pleasure, is held at Michaelmas. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10, and in the patronage of the Crown 3 net income, £2163 impropriators, the family of May : the glebe comprises 39 acres of moderately good land. The church is an ancient cruciform structure, with a hand- some embattled tower. The parochial school affords instruction to about 40 children 3 and there is a small endowment of £5 per annum for the education ot poor children. BRAMPTON {St, MAnTm), a market-town and parish, and the head of a union, in Eskdale ward, E. division of Cumberland 3 containing, with the town-^ ships of Easby and Naworth, 3304 inhabitants, of whom 2754 are in the town, 9i miles (N. E. by E.) from Car- lisle, and 305 (N. by W.) from London. According to Camden, this was the site of the Roman station Breme- tenracum, which some modern writers, with more pro- bability, have fixed at Old Penrith. The town sustained extensive damage during the wars of Edward II., of which, as well as of its earlier importance, it still exhi- bits evident marks. In Nov. 1715, a large force, under the command of Mr. Forster, who had received a gene- ral’s commission from James Stuart, entered the town, where they proclaimed the Pretender, and hence marched to Penrith 3 and during the rebellion of 1745, the young Pretender led his troops hither, to observe the motions of Gen. Wade, who was mistakenly reported to be marching from Newcastle to the relief of Carlisle 3 and after remaining here several days^ he proceeded to Carlisle, which had surrendered to his arms* The town is situ- ated between the small rivers Irthing and Gelt, tributa- ries to the Eden, about one mile south of the former, and two and a half from the point where they imite 3 and^ lies about two miles south of the Piets’ wall, in a deep narrow vale embosomed in hills, it consists of two principal streets irregularly built, and a spacious market-place 3 the houses have been mostlyrebnilt, and BEAM B R A M ire of handsome appearance, and the inhabitants are ^eir supplied with water. The only branch of manufac- :ure is that of gingham, in which nearly 700 individuals ire employed : there are two public breweries. The rail- way between Newcastle and Carlisle passes a mile and a. half to the south, and is connected with the town by a good road, and also by means of the Earl of Carlisle’s railway, which reaches to the extensive coal and lime works at Tindal Fell, and by which coal and lime are brought hither in abundance. The market is on Wed- Ciesday, and is well supplied with corn, admitted toll- free j and fairs are held on April 20th, the second Wednesday after Whitsuntide, the second Wednesday in Sept., and the 23rd of Qct., for horned- cattle, horses, and pigs. The county magistrates hold a petty- session every alternate Wednesday 5 and courts leet and baron for the barony of Gilsland are held, at Easter and Mi- chaelmas, in the town-hall, a neat octagonal edifice, with a cupola, erected by the Earl of Carlisle, in 1817, on the site of the former hall, in the market-place, the lower part being formed into a piazza, under which butter, eggs, poultry, 8cc., are sold on the market-day. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8 ; net income, £466 5 patron and impropriator, Earl of Carlisle : in 1777, land was assigned in lieu of tithes. The present church was built, in I788, out of the chapel and tenements of an almshouse, and with the materials of the old church, the chancel of which is still remaining on the southern bank of the river Irthing, about a mile west of the town, being only used for the performance of the funeral service for those who are vinterred in the cemetery : the new church was greatly enlarged in 1827, at an expense of £1800, on which occasion the Rev. Mr. Ramshay presented the parish with five bells and an organ. There are places of wor- ship for Independents, Primitive and Wesleyan Metho- dists, and Presbyterians. A national school, for about .250 children of both sexes, built by the Earl of Carlisle, in 18 17, is supported by voluntary contributions j and an infants’ school was established in 1825. The poor law union comprises 14 parishes or places, and contains a population of 10,525. Two miles east of Brampton, and about a mile south of the river Irthing, commanding a fine view of the vale of St. Mary, through which that river flows, is Naworih Castle, the ancient baronial seat of the lords of Gilsland, and now the property of the Earl of Carlisle, the earliest notice of which occurs in tbe 18th of Richard II. The walls, including two large square towers in the front, besides others at the angles, inclose a quadrangular area, each side of which measures 40 paces : the hall, 70 or 80 feet in length, and of pro- portionate width and height, displays all the magnificence of feudal grandeur, and is embellished with portraits, brought from Kirk -Oswald Castle, of the kings of Eng- land prior to the union of the houses of York and Lancaster. The chapel, to which there is a descent of several steps, is very ancient, and is decorated with a profusion of armour, and with paintings of the patri- archs and kings of Israel and Judah 3 the pulpit and stalls are of carved oak^ The dungeons of the castle, which were the prison for the barony, are still in their original state 3 they consist of three cells underground, and one above, and the strong iron rings, to which the prisoners were chained, are yet remaining. To the north-east, of Brampton is a high conical hill, called the 331 Mote, about 300 feet above the level of the streets, and from the summit of w^hich, now’^ planted with trees, a most extensive view of the surrounding country is ob- tained : at some distance from the base are vestiges of an intrenchment, and a breastwork of considerable strength. It is supposed to have been a Danish en- campment, or probably a place of security for the removal of property in case of invasion, as, from the steepness of the acclivity, a small number of men on the summit might overpower an assailing multitude. It was formerly used as a seat of justice for the barony of Gilsland, and at present it forms a link in the chain of telegraphic communication between the northern parts of England and the southern parts of Scotland. To the south of the town is a fine quarry of freestone, where the Romans obtained part of the materials for building the great wall, vestiges of which are still visible. Walton House occupies the site of a Roman station on the Piets’ wall 5 and on the rocky banks of the Gelt are some Roman inscriptions of the time of Agricola, one of whose legions was stationed near Brampton. BRAMPTON {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Chesterfield, hundred of Sca.rsdale, N. division of the county of Derby, 3| miles (W. by N.) from Ches- terfield 3 containing, with Cutthorpe township, 3937 in- habitants. The parish, which was formerly part of that of Chesterfield, is situated on the road. from Chesterfield to Bakewell, and comprises by measurement 8000 acres 3 coal and iron-stone are found in abundance, and clay of good quality for pottery-ware is also plentiful. There are very extensive works for brown earthenware, em- ploying several hundreds of persons 3 a manufactory for tobacco-pipes on a large scale, and an iron-foundry of comparatively small extent 3 and many of the inhabit- ants are occupied in a mill for the making of candle- wicks, which is situated near the boundary of the parish. The mines of coal and iron-stone are in active opera- tion 3 and there are quarries of stone for building and repairing the roads, and slate of a very durable nature. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 patron and appropri- ator. Dean of Lincoln : the great tithes have been com- muted for a rent- charge of £410, and those of the in- cumbent for one of £90 3 there are 13j acres of glebe belonging to the appropriator, and 12 to the curate. The church, which was rebuilt at a remote period, and repaired within the last twenty years, contains some ancient monuments to the family of Clarke. A district church, dedicated to St. Thomas, was consecrated in 1832, the expense of its erection having been borne partly by subscription, and partly by the Parliamentary Commissioners : it stands on the Chatsworth road, about a mile west of the town of Chesterfield, and is in the style of architecture prevailing in the fourteenth century, presenting a pleasing object in the surrounding landscape. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Dean of Lincoln 3 net income, in 1835, £49, augmented, in 1841, by the Ecclesiastical Com- missioners. There are places of worship for Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists y and national schools have been established. In the eastern moor are vestiges of a burying-place, called Cor Lowe, eonsidered to be of greater antiquity than the period of the Roman occupa- tion of Britain. The place was for some time the resi- dence of Dr. Edmund Cartwright, inventor of the . power-loom and carding-machine, who was incumbent. 2 U 2 B R A M B R A M BRAMPTON (St. Mary), a parish^ in the hundred of Leightonstone, uhion and county of Huntingdon, if mile (W. by S.) from Huntingdon; containing 1164 inhabitants. This parish, which is seated on the navi- gable river Ouse, and on the road from London to Cam- bridge, comprises 3110 acres, of which about three- fourth parts are arable, and the soil is generally sandy, but fertile. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 1. 4.; net income, £160; patron and appropriator, Prebendary of Brampton in the Cathedral of Lincoln, the tithes belonging to whom have been commuted for a rent-charge of £93. 10. The church is partly in the decorated, and partly in the later, English style, with a fine south porch, enriched with elegant tracery ; it was rebuilt in 1635, and repewed in 1835. Schools are supported by Lady Olivia B. Sparrow. Samuel Pepys, secretary to the Admiralty in the reigns of Charles II. and James IL, and elected President of the Royal Society in 1684, was born here. BRAMPTON, a chapelry, in the parish of Torksey, union of Gainsborough, wapentake of Well, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 7§ miles (S. S. E.) from Gainsborough ; containing 130 inhabitants. BRAMPTON (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Aylsham, hundred of South Erpingham, E. division of Norfolk, 2f miles (S, E.) from Aylsham ; contain- ing 263 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 441 acres, and is bounded on the east by the navigable river Bure ; the soil is variable, the arable land being prin- cipally loam, and the surface is somewhat uneven. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5, and in the patronage of R. Mar sham. Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £148. 19. 4., and there are about 14 acres of glebe. The church is chiefly in the early English style, and consists of a nave, chancel, and south aisle, with a tower circular at the base and octangular above. From several urns containing calcined bones, this is conjectured to have been the place of interment connected wdth the Roman station at Burgh, on the opposite side of the river. BRAMPTON (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Market-Harborough, hundred of Corby, N. division of the county of Northampton, 4 miles (E. by N.) from Harborough, on the road to Rockingham ; con- taining 104 inhabitants. The parish comprises by mea- surement 2387 acres ; there are good quarries of stone for building. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £21. 6. 8. j net income, £346 ; patron, Earl Spencer : there are 28 acres of glebe, wdth a resi- dence. The church is a fine specimen of the early per- pendicular style, with a lofty spire, and contains some sepulchral brasses rather mutilated, and an ancient mural monument, with two figures kneeling in the cos- tume of the time, belonging to the Norwich family, for- merly lords of the manor. A school for girls is endowed with property given by Sir John Norwich, in 1659, and now let for £5. 10. per annum. There is a house in the parish, formerly an inn, known as the Hermitage,” which appears to have been a religious house, once sur- rounded by a moat. The learned Richard Cumberland, afterwards Bishop of Peterborough, was some time rector. BRAMPTON (St. Peter), a parish, in the union and hundred of Blything, E. division of Suffolk, 332 3 miles (N. W.) from Wangford ; containing 322 inhabit- ants. It comprises 2002<7. Ir. bp., and is situatea on the road from Halesworth to Beccles. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £20, and in the patronage of the Rev. G. O. Leman : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £433. 5. 6., and there is a good and commodious rectory-house, with a glebe of about 12 acres. The church consists of a nave and chancel, with an embattled tower. A Sunday school is endowed with £9. 6. 8. per annum ; and the rents of an estate are applied to the repairs of the church, the relief of the poor, and other purposes. BRAMPTON, a township, in the parish of Long Martin, East ward and union, county of Westmor- land, 2“ miles (N.) from Appleby ; containing 304 inha- bitants. The tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £165, and there is a glebe of nearly 40 acres. BRAMPTON-ABBOTS (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Ross, hundred of Greytree, county of Hereford, 1 mile (N.) from Ross ; containing 197 in- habitants. This parish, which comprises by computa- tion 1500 acres, is situated on the left bank of the river Wye, and in the heart of a rich and fertile district, abounding with picturesque and romantic scenery ; it is intersected in the eastern part by the road from Led- bury to Ross. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12, and in the patronage of the Bishop of Hereford : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £321. 2. 6., and the glebe comprises 8 acres. Schools are supported by the minister. BRAMPTON-BIERLOW, a township, in the parish of Wath-upon-Dearne, union of Rotherham, N, division of the wapentake of Strafforth and Tick- hill, W. riding of York, 6 miles (S. E.) from Barns- ley ; containing 1704 inhabitants. This place, which is situated on the Dearne and Dove canal, in a district abounding with coal, comprises 3168a. 2r. 14p., of which 1633 acres are arable, 1203 grass land, 245 wood, 76 homesteads, orchards, &c., and 9 canal; it is principally the property of Earl Fitzwilliam, who is lord of the manor. Extensive iron-works have been established, and several mines of coal have been opened by the Earl, which are in full operation, affording em- ployment to the principal part of the population. A national school was built by the Trustees of the Rev. George Ellis, who bequeathed land for the education and relief of the poor ; it is a spacious and handsome building, erected at an expense of £865 ; the master has, besides his salary, £12 per annum from a bequest by John Higson, Esq., who died in 1814. The poor’s land, producing £8. 15., and an allotment at the in- closure of the parish, producing £37. 10., are appropri- ated to the payment of the poor’s rates ; and there are also some small rent- charges, bequeathed for the relief of the poor. BRAMPTON-BRYAN (St. Barnabas), a parish, in the union of Knighton, partly in the hundred of Knighton, county of Radnor (South Wales), but chiefly in the hundred of Wigmore, county of Here- ford, 10 miles (W. by S.) from Ludlow; containing, in the English portion, with the township of Boresford with Pedwardine, 250 inhabitants. The parish com- prises about 3000 acres, of which 1200 are arable, 1470 pasture, and 330 woodland, and is bounded on the north by the river Teme, and intersected by the road B R A M B R A M Tom Ludlow to Knighton. The village was nearly de- stroyed in the parliamentary war, and the castle was burnt by the royalists in 1643, and is now in ruins, which consist chiefly of an arched gateway, flanked by two circular towers, and fragments of the outer walls. Sir Robert de Harley obtained this castle and estate in the reign of Edward II., by marriage with the co- heiress of Sir Bryan de Brampton, and it has since continued in that noble family. A great fair for horned- cattle, horses, and sheep, is held on June ^^nd. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 11. 0^., and in the gift of the Earl of Oxford : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £345, and there are 16 acres of glebe. The church, which was destroyed in 1643, was rebuilt in 1650, and is a plain edifice, containing 350 sittings, of which 150 are free : the Earl of Oxford, lord treasurer, was buried here. About a mile from the church is Coxwall Knoll, on the summit of which are vestiges of a camp anciently occupied by the brave Caractacus, and now overgrown with oak-trees. A school is endowed with property given by the second Earl of Oxford, in 17^0, amount- ing to £18 per annum. The Earl of Kinnoul sits in the house of peers as Lord Hay, of Pedwardine, in this parish. BRAMPTON, CHAPEL, a parish, in the union of Brixworth, hundred of Newbottle-Grove, S. divi- sion of the county of Northampton, 4§ miles (N. N. W.) from Northampton ; containing 229 inhabitants, and comprising 1233 acres. The road from Northampton to Leicester passes through the village. Chapel Brampton, in ecclesiastical matters, is annexed to Church Bramp- ton, and the church has long been demolished. BRAMPTON, CHURCH {St, Botolph), a parish, in the union of Brixworth, hundred of Newbottle- Grove, S. division of the county of Northampton, 4 miles (N. W. byN.) from Northampton 5 containing 169 inhabitants. The parish, situated on the road from Northampton to Leicester, and bounded by the river Nene on the east, comprises by computation 1125 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £25. 19. and in the patronage of Corpus Christ! College, Oxford ; net income, £400, arising from 332 acres of land allotted long since in lieu of tithes 3 there is a glebe-house. The church is partly in the decorated, and partly in the later, style of English architecture, and contains a large circular font 3 the stairs of the rood-loft and some ancient benches remain. There are parochial and Sunday schools. BRAMPTON-EN-LE-MORTHEN, a township, in the parish of Treeton, union of Rotherham, S. divi- sion of the wapentake of Strafforth and Tickhill, W. riding of York, 5j miles (S. E. by E.) from Rother- ham 3 containing 139 inhabitants. Two centuries since, this place was the residence of several families of pro- perty and consequence 3 and in the church of Treeton is a choir called Brampton choir, which is paved with monumental stones placed over the remains of the families of Vesey, Bradshaw, and Lord, who had man- sions in the village, which have long been deserted by their owners. The freeholders of Brampton acknow- ledge no mesne manor over them. The township com- prises by computation 1090 acres : the road from Rotherham to Tickhill passes about two miles north of the village. 333 BRAMPTON, LITTLE, with' R od and Nash, a township, in the parish of Presteign, union of Knigh- ton, hundred of Wigmore, county of Hereford 5 containing 162 inhabitants. BRAMSHALL {St, Lawrence), a parish, in the union of Uttoxeter, S. division of the hundred of Totmonslov/, N. division of the county of Stafford, 2 miles (W. by S.) from Uttoxeter 3 containing I70 in- habitants, and comprising 1276a. Ir. 38p. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 3. 9., and in the patronage of Lord Willoughby de Broke : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £145, and there are nearly 43 acres of glebe. The church was erected at the expense of Lord Willoughby de Broke. BRAMSHAW {St, Peter), a parish, in the union of New Forest, partly in the hundred of Cawden and Cadworth, Salisbury and Amesbury, and S. divisions of Wilts, but chiefly in the N. division of the hundred of New Forest, Romsey and S. divisions of the county of Southampton, 3 miles (N.) from Stony Cross 3 con- taining, with the hamlets of Furzley and Brook, and the extra- parochial places of Eyeworth-Lodge and Amber- wood-Cottage, 793 inhabitants, of whom 474 are in Southampton, and 319 in Wiltshire. The parish com- prises by measurement 3560 acres, and is intersected by the road from Southampton to Salisbury* In that por- tion of the New Forest which lies on its borders to the south-east, William Rufus was killed by an arrow, shot by Walter Tyrrell at a stag, but, glancing by the animal, it struck the royal breast, and occasioned the monarch’s death : a stone, erected on the spot where the oak-tree stood whence the arrow w^as shot, commemorates the event. The living is a vicarage, described in the king’s books as not in charge 3 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Salisbury. The rectorial tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £149, and the vicarial for one of £60 ; and there are about 20 acres of glebe, a portion of which is in Lyndhurst : the vicarage- house was erected, in 1841, in lieu of a former one, sup- posed to be more than 300 years old. Of the ancient church, which stands upon an eminence, and overlooks a considerable portion of the New Forest, the nave alone is standing 3 the east end, and north and south aisles, being entirely new 3 in the building of which, in 1829, some very grotesque heads were found inclosed in the old walls, and have been preserved. There are places of worship for Calvinists and Wesleyans 3 and a national school is supported by subscription. BRAMSHILL, GREAT, a tything, in the parish of Eversley, union of Hartley- Wintney, hundred of Holdshott, Odiham and N. divisions of Hampshire, if mile (N. W. by N.) from Hartford-Bridge 3 contain- ing 175 inhabitants. BRAMSHILL, LITTLE, a tything, in the parish of Eversley, union of Hartley-Wintney, hundred of Holdshott, Odiham and N. divisions of Hampshire 5 containing 10 inhabitants. BRAMSHOTT {St, Mary), a parish, in the hundred of Alton, Petersfield and N. divisions of Hampshire 4j miles (W. by N.) from Haslemere 3 containing, with the hamlet of Liphook, 1313 inhabitants. The parish, which includes part of Wolmer Forest, comprises about 3270 acres, and is situated on the London and Ports- mouth road 3 the soil is a sandy loam, and the surface BRAN BRAN uneven j sandstone is quarried. Fairs for live stock are held on the first Wednesday in March, and June 11th. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £18. 9. 2.; net income, £6l3 j patrons, Provost and Fellows of Queen’s College, Oxford : there are 45 acres of glebe, with a rectory-house. The church is a very ancient cruciform edifice, principally in the early English style, with a low tower surmounted by a spire 5 the nave was rebuilt and considerably enlarged a few years since. A national school is supported by endowment. BRAMWITH, KIRK {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Doncaster, Upper division of the wapentake of OsGOLDCROSS, W. riding of York, 7 miles (N. N. E.) from Doncaster 3 containing, with the hamlets of Braith- waite, Hawkhouse- Green, and part of Kirkhouse- Green, 251 inhabitants, of whom 54 are in Kirk Bramwith township. The parish, which is bounded on the south by the river Don, comprises by measurement nearly 2000 acres, of which about 1000 are arable, 10 wood- land, and the remainder pasture and meadow. The vil- lage is situated opposite to Sand Bramwith, and the hamlets are in the higher part of the vale. Kirkhouse- Green is partly in the adjoining township of Moss, and parish of Campsall. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 18. 4., and in the patronage of the Crown, in right of the duchy of Lancaster : the tithes have been commuted for £455, and there are about 50 acres of glebe. The church, which is small, and of the simplest form, originally consisted of a nave and chancel, divided by a circular arch, having indented mouldings rising from Saxon columns 5 and a tower at the west end is the only addition that has been made to the original design ; it contains a large octagonal font, doubtless coeval with the first foundation of the church soon after the Conquest 5 and the principal entrance, where the arch has the hawk’s-head ornament, the cable, and the indentations, is probably of equal anti- quity. The Rev. W. Good, in 1641, bequeathed 5 roods of land for teaching a child. BRANCASTER {St. Mary the Virgin), a parish, in the union of Docking, hundred of Smithdon, W. division of Norfolk, 4 ^ miles (W. N. W.) from Burn- ham Westgate, and 122 (N. N. E.) from London 3 con- taining 913 inhabitants. This place has been identified with the Roman station Brannodunum, at which an eminent commander, styled Count, or Earl, of the Saxon shore, presided over a troop of Dalmatian cavalry, for the defence of the coast against the Saxon invaders : the castle and station occupied about eight acres, between the staith and village, where numerous coins, vessels, and other relics have been found. The parish is on the road from Lynn to Wells, and comprises 3672a. 30p., of which 2162 acres are arable, 10 pasture and meadow, 700 common, 135 marsh, 587 salt-marsh, 26 woodland, 7 ozier ground, and 37 gardens. Malting is carried on to some extent by the proprietor of a large malt-house, who also owns several vessels, of from 70 to 120 tons’ burthen, which trade to and from the place in corn, coal, malt, timber, oil-cake, &c. The staith is situated on a commodious creek, which has at spring tides from 9 to 11 feet of water, and crosses the salt-marshes to the ocean through Brancaster bay. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £24, and in the patronage of Thomas Woodham, Esq.. : the tithes have been commuted for £821. 14., and there is a glebe of 7| acres, with a 334 handsome parsonage-house. The church, which is in the early English and decorated styles, consists of a nave, chancel, and side aisles, with a square embattled tower, and was thoroughly repaired in 1832. A free school and almshouses were built by Robert Smith, about the close of the sixteenth century, and endowed with 72 acres of land by his sister 3 the endowment pro- duces about £70 per annum. BRANCEPETH {St. Brandon), a parish, in the unions of Durham, Auckland, and Lanchester, N. W. division of .Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Durham, comprising the townships of Bran- don with Byshottles, Crook with Billy- Row, Hedley- Hope, Hemlington-Row, Stockley, and Wellington 3 and containing 2151 inhabitants, of whom 352 are in the township of Brancepeth, 4 j miles (S. W.) from Durham. The name is supposed to be a corruption of Brawns 'path, in allusion to the number of wild boars that for- merly infested the district, and for the purpose of hunt- ing which the Duke of Gloucester, afterwards Richard III., frequently resorted to this place, where his maternal ancestors, the Nevills, had a fortress, which was almost entirely taken down by the late Matthew Russel, Esq., who erected on its site the present Brancepeth Castle. Coal is found, and there are some quarries of stone. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £60. 10. 5., and in the patronage of R. E. D. Shafto, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for rent- charges amounting to £985. 12. The church is a fine cruciform edifice, highly decorated within 3 the chancel is stalled and wainscoted with oak carved in tabernacle work, and has an ornamented ceiling. A national school has been established in the township of Brancepeth, and others in various parts of the parish, which are supported by voluntary contributions. There are some medicinal springs of a vitriolic and sulphureous kind. BRANDESTON {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Plomesgate, hundred of Loes, E. division of Suf- folk, 4 miles (S. W.) from Framlingham 3 containing 555 inhabitants. The Hall was for many generations the seat of the Revet family. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 13. 4 ., and in the patronage of certain trustees for charitable pur- poses, in whom also the impropriation is vested 3 net income, £100 : there is a glebe of about I6 acres, with a good residence. The church consists of a nave and chancel, with an embattled tower. BRANDISTONE cum Guton {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of St. Faith’s, hundred of Eyns- FORD, E. division of Norfolk, 3 miles (E. S. E.) from Reepham 5 containing 137 inhabitants. The parish is chiefly the property of Magdalen College, Oxford, and comprises 757a. 2r. 24p., of which 634 acres are arable, 103 meadow and pasture, and 20 common. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 12. 8|., and in the gift of the College : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £240, and the glebe comprises 11^ acres. The church consists of a nave, chancel, and north aisle, with a circular tower, the upper part octagonal, at the west end of the aisle 3 the font is Norman. There was formerly another church, dedicated to St. Swithin. 20 acres of land, let for £20 per annum, were bequeathed by Mr. Gurney, for the use of the poor ; and a small school is partly supported by the rector. BRAN BRAN BRANDON^ with Byshottles, a township, in the of £560, and there are 10^ acres of glebe. The church, parish of Brancepeth, union of Durham, N. W. divi- which is situated midway between the two towns, is in sion of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of the later style, and consists of a nave, chancel, and south Durham, 3 miles (W. S. W.) from Durham ; containing aisles, with a lofty embattled tower at the west end. 467 inhabitants. The township comprises by computa- There are places of worship for Primitive and Wesleyan tion 3460 acres. The village is occasionally called East Methodists. A free school was founded, in 1646, by Brandon, to distinguish it from a farm-hold within the Robert Wright, who endowed it with a rent- charge of township, bearing the name of West Brandon. Here is £40 3 it was further endowed with 8a:cres of landund*^ a paper-manufactory 3 and a national school has been the Bedford Level act, and with 3 under the Brandon, established. The tithes have been commuted for a rent- Inclosure act, producing £11. 18. per annum. Joanna, charge of £311.^15. 10. On the summit of Brandon Hill is an oblong mount, or tumulus, supposed to have been either the site of a beacon, or the burial-place of some departed hero. BRANDON, a township, in the parish of Eg ling- ham, union of Glendale, N. division of Cociuetdale ward and of Northumberland, 4 miles (N. N. W.) from Whittingham 3 containing 147 inhabitants. The town- ship comprises 1020 acres, mostly arable land, with about 20 of wood 3 the surface is undulated, and the soil light and gravelly, and good for barley and turnips 3 the whole is the property of Robert Lancelot Allgood, Esq., of Nunwick, and is divided into two farms, respectively occupied by John Davison, Esq., of Tritlington House, and Thomas James, Esq., of Brandon Hall. Brandon White House, to the east of the village, was the seat of the Collingwood family, who possessed the estate for a long period of years. A chancel wall and numerous tombs indicate the site of an ancient church. BRANDON (5t. Peter), a market- town and parish, in the union of Thetford, partly in the hundred of Grimshoe, W. division of Norfolk, but chiefly in the hundred of Lackford, W. division of Suffolk, 40 miles (N. W.) from Ipswich, and 78 (N. N. E.) from London 3 containing 2002 inhabitants. The parish com- prises 6759a. lOp., of which the soil is generally a sandy loam, and the substratum chalk 5 the meadow land is flat, and subject to floods. The town consists of two portions, designated Town- street, and Ferry-street, a mile distant from each other 3 the latter, which is the chief portion, and through which runs the road from London to Lynn, lies on the southern bank of the Little Ouse, or Brandon river, which forms the northern boun- dary of Suffolk, and is here crossed by a neat stone bridge, and which is navigable to Thetford and Lynn. Imbedded in a stratum of chalk, a mile westward from the town, lie continuous strata of the finest flint, of which gun-flints are made in abundance, and conveyed to various parts of the world, employing about 200 hands in the manufacture of them. In addition, there is a considerable traffic in corn, seeds, malt, coal, timber, iron, bricks, tiles, &c. 3 and there are some extensive rabbit-warrens in the neighbourhood, from which 150,000 rabbits are sent annually to the London markets. About 160 females are employed in preparing and cutting rab- bit and hare skins for making hats, and felts for the clothiers in Yorkshire. A brewery has also been esta- blished. The market is on Thursday, for corn and seeds 3 there are fairs on Feb. 14th, June 11th, and Nov. 11th 3 and a fair is held at Broomhall, about half a mile distant, on July 7th, for stock. The LIVING is a rectory, with that of Wangford an- nexed, valued in the king’s books at £20. 18. 1^., and in the patronage of Thomas Everard Cartwright, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a gross rent-charge 335 widow of John Wright, in 1664, bequeathed £13 per annum for keeping the school-house in repair, and for the relief of the poor 3 there is an almshouse in Ferry- street for seven widows, founded by Humphrey Hall, in 1698 3 and almshouses, founded by a person named Curteis, for three parishioners, were rebuilt near the church in 1840. Various bequests have been made for the benefit of the poor, amounting in the aggregate to about £100 per annum. Brandon Camp, a square earth- work guarded by a single trench and a rampart, is sup- posed to have been the Bravinium of the Romans, and to have been occupied by Ostorius Scapula previously to his decisive victory over the brave Caractacus. The Duke of Hamilton and Brandon takes his English title from the place. BRANDON, a hamlet, in the parish of Woltston, union of Rugby, Kirby division of the hundred of Knightlow, N. division of the county of Warwick, 6 miles (E. S. E.) from Coventry 3 containing 252 inha- bitants, and consisting of 1946 acres. Here was an- • ciently a castle, built soon after the Conquest, either by Geffrey de Clinton, or his son-in-law, Norman de Ver- dune, and which was garrisoned in the 7th of Richard I., and destroyed by the barons in the reign of Henry HI. It is supposed to have been rebuilt by Theobald, a descendant of Norman, who appears to have enjoyed the privilege of free warren in all his demesne lands here,, together with a court leet, gallows, and assize of bread and beer : there are no remains. A second-class station of the London and Birmingham railway is situated in the hamlet, the rateable annual value of which property in it is returned at £1400. BRANDON, PARVA (Jll Saints), a parish, in the incorporation and hundred of Fore hoe, E. division of Norfolk, 5 miles (N. N. W.) from Wymondham3 con- taining 222 inhabitants. It comprises about 1000 acres.. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’& books at £8. 3. 9.> and in the patronage of F. R. Rey- nolds, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £315, and the glebe comprises IT acres, with a small rectory-house. The church is in the later English style, with a square embattled tower. A school is sup- ported. BRANDSBURTON (St. Mary), a parish, 'in the union of Skirlaugh, N. division of the wapentake of Holderness, E. riding of York 3 containing 718 inha- bitants, of whom 34 are in the township of Moortown, and 681 in that of Brandsburton, miles (N. E.) from Beverley. The church of St. John de Beverley had property here so earty as the time of Athelstan, by whom a grant of lands was made to that establishment 3 and among the families who held possessions in the place at an early date, occurs that of St. Quintin. The village, which is large, well-built, and in a very flourishing con-r dition, is situated on the lower road from Hull to Brid- BRAN B R A N lington and Scarborough, conveyances to which places pass through it daily. Here is a large show for horses on the 11 th of April 5 and a fair is held on May 14th. Petty-sessions were formerly held on every Thursday at the Cross Keys Inn, but they have been removed to Leven. The market-cross stands in the centre of the village. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £^24. 13. 4 . 5 net income, £895 , patrons. Master and Fellows of St. John’s College, Cambridge. The church, which is principally in the later style of English architecture, is situated on a slight eminence, and when seen from the south-west is highly picturesque, the old trees about it adding greatly to the effect ; it is of considerable size, and consists of a nave, side aisles, and chancel, with a low embattled tower. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans, and another used alter- nately by the Independents and Primitive Methodists. The sum of £37, partly arising from a bequest of £100 by Mr. Francis Barker, is annually paid to a master for teaching poor children ; and in another school fifteen are paid for by the trustees of Emanuel Hospital, West- minster. In 1601, the manor was assigned in trust to the lord mayor and aldermen of London, by Lady Hacres, for the benefit of Emanuel Hospital. BRANDSBY (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Easingwould, wapentake of Bulmer, N. riding of York, 14 miles (N.by W.) from York 5 containing, with Stearsby, 304 inhabitants. The parish, which is situ- ated on the road from York to Helmsley, comprises 3048a. Wp., of which 14^25 acres are arable, II 69 pas- ture, 219 woodland, and 165 moor 5 the soil, which varies in different situations, is rich in the vale, and light on the hills j the surface is undulated, and the scenery picturesque. Good limestone is quarried for building and other purposes. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 8. ll|., and in the patronage of F. Cholmeley, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £588, and there are 68 acres of glebe. The church, which is surmounted by a handsome cupola, was erected in I 77 O. There is a Roman Catholic chapel at Brandsby Hall 3 and a parochial school is supported by the Rev. Robert Swann, M.A. BRANDS-FEE, a liberty, partly in the parish of Hitchenden, hundred of Desborough, and partly in the parishes of Great and Little Missenden, union of Amersham, hundred of Aylesbury, county of Buck- ingham, 3^ miles (N. N. E.) from High Wycombe. BRANDY-STREET, a hamlet, in the parish of Selworthy, union of Williton, hundred of Car- HAMPTON, W. division of Somerset 5 containing 29 inhabitants. BRANSBY, a township, in the parish of Stow', union of Gainsborough, wapentake of Well, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 8 miles (N. W.) from Lincoln 5 containing 107 inhabitants. BRANSCOMBE (^r. H^inifred), a parish, in the union of FIoniton, hundred of Colyton, Honiton and S. divisions of Devon, 4|- miles (E.) from Sidmouth ^ containing 956 inhabitants. The parish is bounded on the south and east by the British Channel ^ in some parts its scenery is beautiful and romantic. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £18. 15. 10., and in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of Exeter, the appropriators ; the great tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £268, and those of the incumbent 336 for one of £225, with a glebe of 3 acres. The founder of Wadham College, Oxford, was buried here. BRANSDALE, EAST SIDE, a hamlet, in the parish of Kirkby-Moorside, union of Helmsley, wapentake of Ryedale, N. riding of York, 11 miles (N. W.) from Pickering; containing 134 inhabitants. This place, and Brandsdale, West Side, are twm united townships, and comprise together about 3000 acres of land : they are separated by a stream running in a direction from north-north-west to south-south-east. There is a chapel of ease in the hamlet of Cockan, in the Township. BRANSDALE, WEST SIDE, a township, in the parish of Kirkdale, union of Helmsley, wapentake of Ryedale, N. riding of York, 11 miles (N. by W.) from Helmsley; containing 80 inhabitants. The Hodge beck divides this township from Bransdale, East Side. BRANSFORD, a chapelry, in the parish of Leigh, union of Martley, Lower division of the hundred of Pershore, Worcester and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, 4f miles (W. S. W.) from Worcester ; con- taining 277 inhabitants, and comprising 1026 acres. It is crossed from north to south by the road from Worcester to Hereford. The chapel is dedicated to St. John the Baptist : the living is vicarial ; impropriator, Earl Somers. BRANSGORE, a chapelry, in the parish and hun- dred of Christchurch, Ringwood and S. divisions of the county of Southampton, 5 miles (N. E. by N.) from Christchurch. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £73 ; patron. Vicar of Christchurch. The chapel was built in 1822, at an expense of £2800, de- frayed by the Parliamentary Commissioners, and is a neat edifice, in the later English style, with a tower and spire. National schoolrooms were built by subscrip- tion, in 1839, at an expense of £210. BRANSON, a township, in the parish and union of Burton-upon-Trent, N. division of the hundred of Offlow and of the county of Stafford, 2 miles (S. W. by W.) from Burton; containing 441 inhabitants. BRANSTON, or Braunston (St. Guthlake), a parish, in the union of Melton-Mowbray, hundred of Framland, N. division of the county of Leicester, 9 miles (S. W. by W.) from Grantham ; containing 333 inhabitants, and comprising about 2200 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £15. 10. 5.; net income, £350, derived from land; patron, Duke of Rutland : there is a good rectory-house. The church has been recently embellished with a hand- some east wdndow, and the interior refitted with open seats ; the pulpit is of stone, after the model of that of St. Peter’s, Oxford. BRANSTON (All Saints), a parish, in the union, and liberty of the city of Lincoln, county of Lincoln, 4§ miles (S. E.) from Lincoln; containing 1122 inha- bitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £18. I 7 . 11. 3 net income, £677 5 patron and incumbent. Rev. P. Curtois : land was assigned in 1801, in lieu of tithes. There is a place of worship for Wes- leyans. Branston Hall school is principally supported by Mr. Melville. BRANTHAM (St. Michael), a parish, in the in- corporation and hundred of Samford, E. division of Suffolk, 1 mile (N. by E.) from Manningtree; contain- ing 404 inhabitants. It comprises 1922a. 2r. 20p., of which I860 acres are in cultivation; the river Stour, BRAN BRAS which here divides into two branches, is navigable on the southern side of the parish. The living is a rectory, with that of East Bergholt consolidated, valued in the king’s books at £25, 10., and in the patronage of Emanuel College, Cambridge : the tithes of the two parishes have been commuted for rent-charges amount- ing to £1320, and there are 42| acres of glebe. There was formerly a chapel in the hamlet of Catawade. BRANTHWAITE, a township, in the parish of Dean, union of Cockermoijth, Allerdale ward above Derwent, W. division of Cumberland, 6 miles (S. W.) from Cockermouth ^ containing 300 inhabitants. Several years since, a considerable quantity of a ferruginous kind of limestone, called catscalp, was obtained here, and sent to the iron-works at Clifton and Seaton ; but this branch of trade has ceased. There are quarries of white free- stone, a woollen-manufactory, a paper-mill, and two corn- mills. The Methodists have a place of worship. BRANTINGHAM {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Beverley, partly in the Hunsley-Beacon divi- sion of the wapentake of Harthill, and partly in the wapentake of Howdenshire, E. riding of York ; com- prising the townships of Thorpe - Brantingham and Ellerker, and containing 635 inhabitants, of whom 112 are in the township of Thorpe-Brantingham, 2 miles ,(S. E. by E.) from South Cave. It comprises 3370 acres, chiefly arable and pasture land, besides some thriving plantations, which contribute much to the beauty of the scenery. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £12. 9. 2. j net income, £1765 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Durham, The church is in the perpendicular style,, with some traces of Norman architecture in the porch. , There is a chapel of ease at Ellerker, probably more ancient than the church 3 it is in the decorated English style, but has been much altered, and reduced in its dimensions. BRANTON, a township, in the parish of Egling- HAM, union of Glendale, N. division of Coouetdale ward and of Northumberland, 9? miles (S. S. E.) fromWooler^ containing 119 inhabitants. Some anti- quaries have supposed that this is the Roman station Bremenium. The township comprises 1143 acres, of which two-thirds are arable, and the remainder pasture, including 16 acres of plantation. There is a fine free- stone quarry, out of which Lilburne tower was built. The village, which is small, is situated on the south side of the Breamish, and at a short distance to the west of the road from Morpeth to Wooler. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £60. 10. There is a place of worship for Presbyterians. BRANTON, or Brampton, a hamlet, in the parish of Cantley, union of Doncaster, S. division of Straf- FORTH and Tickhill wapentake, W. riding of York, 4 miles (S. E.) from Doncaster 3 containing 286 inha- bitants. The river Torne passes at a short distance east of the village. A national school was opened in 1835, which is also used as a chapel of ease on Sunday evenings. BRANTON-GREEN, with Upper Dunsforth, a township, in the parish of Aldborough, Upper division of the wapentake of Claro, W. riding of York, 3^ miles (S. E.) from Boroughbridge ; containing 163 inhabitants. This place is situated near the right bank of the river Ouse. A portion of the land was assigned in lieu of tithes, under an inclosure acty in I77O. VoL. I. — 337 BRANXTON, a parish, in the union of Glendale, W. division of Glendale ward, N. division of North- umberland, 4f miles (E. S. E.) from Coldstream, and 9:|: (N. W.) from Wooler ; containing 26l inhabit- ants. This parish comprises by measurement 1535 acres, and is situated about half a mile to the south of the road from Wooler to Coldstream. The battle of Flodden, in 1513, was principally fought here : the Earl of Surrey drew up his men, after crossing the Till, on the flat ground immediately under Kingchair, or King- shire Hill, the foot of which bounds the parish, and lies to the south of it. The battle was hotly contested from the south to the north of the parish, especially about the church and village, and thence to the north of the Wooler road 3 and there is still standing in West- field, about 150 yards from the turnpike-road, on Sir Henry Askew’s property, an unhewn pillar of basalt, about five feet high, and more than three feet in diameter, commemorative of the battle : it is called the King’s stone, and is said to point out the place where King James fell. In June, 1524, a skirmish took place be- tween the Lord of Fowberry, at the head of 100 cavalry, and a party of Scottish infantry, who, in number about 500, crossed the Tweed, for the purpose of plundering traders resorting to Berwick fair; but they were driven back with considerable loss. There are several quarries of whinstone, applicable for making roads, and building farm-houses, '^he living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £3. 6. 8. 3 net income, £200 3 patrons. Dean and Chapter of Durham 3 impropriators, the Land- owners : the glebe-house was built in 1838, and com- mands extensive prospects. The church was rebuilt in 1844, in the Norman style, at a cost of £500 ; a very ancient arch, supposed to be nearly 800 years old, and which divides the chancel from the nave, was preserved in the rebuilding : of 134 sittings, five only are not free. A national school is supported by subscription, aided by £5 from Sir Henry Askew, and £2 from Lady Stanley. Some very fine jaspers and moss agates have been found, and swords and balls, some of which are in the posses- sion of the Askew family, have been ploughed up at various times. The Rev. Percival Stockdale, a writer of considerable merit, was born here, in 1733, during the incumbency of his father. BRASCOTE, a hamlet, in the parish of Newbold- Verdon, union of Market-Bosworth, hundred of Sparkenhoe, S. division of the countv of Leicester ; containing 55 inhabitants. BRASHFIELD, a hamlet, in the parish of Mitchel- MERSH, hundred of Buddlesgate, Romsey and S. divi- sions of the county of Southampton 3 containing 399 inhabitants. There is a place of worship for dissenters. BRASSINGTON, a chapelry, in the parish of Brad- borne, hundred of Wirksworth, S. division of the county of Derby, 3f miles (W. by N.) from Wirks- worth 3 containing 776 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £87 ; patron and impro- priator, John Story, Esq. The chapel exhibits various styles, from the Norman to the later English. A plot of land of about 5 acres was given by Mr. Thurston Dale, in 1742, and is now in the occupation of a school- master, who instructs twelve children in a national school. BRASTED (St. Mabtin), a parish, in the union of Seven-Oaks, hundred of Codsheath, lathe of Sutton- 2 X BRAT B R A U at-Hone, W. division of Kent, 3f miles (W. by N.) from Seven-Oaks 5 containing 1130 inhabitants. It is situated near the South-Eastern railway^ and comprises 4300 acres by computation, of which about 2500 are arable, 250 meadow and pasture, 100 hops, and the remainder wood, coppice, and church land. A fair is held on Holy-Thursday. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 22 . 6 . 8 . 3 net income, about £600 3 patron. Archbishop of Canterbury. A national school was commenced in 1825. BRATTLEBY {St. Cuthbert), a parish, in the wa- pentake of Lawress, parts of Lindsey, union and county of Lincoln, miles (N. N. W.) from Lincoln 3 con- taining 168 inhabitants. The parish comprises about 1060 acres 3 the soil is various, and near the village is good grazing land 3 limestone and lias are quarried in the higher grounds. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 10. 3 net income, £260 3 patrons. Master and Fellows of Balliol College, Oxford. The tithes were commuted for land at the inclosure ; the glebe comprises 185 acres. The church has been rebuilt, but parts of the ancient walls still remain. A school is endowed by Edward Wright, Esq., lord of the manor. BRATTON, a chapelry, in the parish and hundred ofWESTBURY, union of Westbury and Whorwels- DOWN, Westbury and S. divisions, and Trowbridge and Bradford subdivisions, of Wilts, 3 miles (E. N. E.) from Westbury 3 containing 729 inhabitants. Bratton Castle is a strong encampment, where the Danes, after their defeat by the Saxons, held out for fourteen days. On the slope of the hill beneath it is the figure of a horse, cut out, as tradition relates, by the troops of Alfred, in memory of the victory which they obtained on Edding- ton Down : several fragments of military weapons have been dug up in the vicinity. The chapel is dedicated to St. James. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists. BRATTON- CLOVELLY, a parish, in the union of Oakhampton, hundred of Lifton, Lifton and S. divi- sions of Devon, 9 miles (W. S. W.) from Oakhampton 3 containing 870 inhabitants, and comprising about 9000 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 21 . 5. 2^.3 net income £412 3 patron. Bishop of Exeter. On an eminence, about three miles north- ward, is Broadbury Castle, an ancient earthwork de- fended by a single vallum and fosse. BRATTON-FLEMING {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Barnstaple, hundred of Braunton, Braunton and N. divisions of Devon, 7 miles (N. E. by E.) from Barnstaple 3 containing 7O8 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement about 6000 acres, and is bounded by valleys remarkable for their romantic beauty 3 there are quarries of slate for paving. In 1838, an act was passed for inclosing waste lands, when about three acres were appropriated for recreation. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £29. 15. 5., and in the gift of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge : the tithes have been commuted for £435, and there is an excellent glebe, with a house in the Elizabethan style. The church, which was rebuilt about 150 years ago, is of very plain architecture, with the exception of two east windows of the perpendicular style, the only part of the original edifice remaining. There is a fellowship in Caius College, founded by the Rev. Mr. Wortley for- 338 merly incumbent, and appropriated to the natives of the parish, if such can be found 3 and a national school is supported by subscription. There are numerous barrows on Bratton Down 3 and at Nightacott, in the neighbourhood, are six upright stones, the supposed remains of a Druidical circle. BRATTON-SEYMOUR (Holy Trinity , a parish, in the union of Wincanton, hundred of Norton -Fe^r- Ris, E. division of Somerset, 3 miles (W. N. W.) from Wincanton 3 containing 103 inhabitants. It comprises 1093a. 2r. 36p., of which 790 acres are pasture, 218 arable, and 73 woodland. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king's books at £5. 4. 7., and in the alternate patronage of Sir Ralph Lopes, Bart., and Mr. John Hodges : the tithes have been commuted for £132, and there are nearly 59 acres of glebe. BRAUGHIN {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Bishop-Stortford, hundred of Braughin, county of Hertford, 10 miles (N. E.) from Hertford, and 28 (N.) from London 3 containing, wdth part of the hamlet of Puckeridge, 1358 inhabitants. This place, in the Norman survey called Brachinges, and by the Saxons Brooking, from the streams and meadows in its vicinity, was an- ciently a town of considerable importance, and a demesne of the Saxon kings : by some historians it is supposed to have been a Roman station, and the remains of a camp may still be distinguished. The town is pleasantly situated on the small river Quin, near its confluence with the Rib, and still exhibits traces of its former greatness. The market, which was granted in the reign of Stephen, has been discontinued, but a fair is held on Whit-Mon- day and the following day. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £19- 13. 4.3 net income, £192 3 patron. Rev. W. Tower : in 1812, land and corn- rents were assigned in lieu of all tithes. The church is a handsome and spacious edifice, with a square em- battled tower surmounted by a spire. There is a place of worship for Independents. A school has a small endowment, left by the late Marmaduke Tennant 3 and a national school for girls is supported by subscription, by the rent of a cottage and field, and by the needle- work done in the school. On a lofty eminence, to the south of the village, are the remains of an encamp- ment, of which part of the vallum and fortifications may be traced 3 the form is quadrilateral, and the area contains nearly 40 acres 3 the south-western angle is rounded, and on the north it is defended by a triple rampart. BRAUNCEWELL {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Sleaford, wapentake of Flaxwell, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 4|: miles (N. N. W.) from Sleaford 3 containing 125 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the road from London to Lincoln, and including the hamlet of Dunsby, comprises 2430 acres by measurement. Since the improvements of the last century, and the introduction of extraneous manures, the soil, formerly poor, has been much enriched, and the church and village which had fallen into decay, have been rebuilt : freestone of the upper oolite formation is quarried. The living is a discharged rectory, with the vicarage of Anwick, and the rectory of Dunsby united, valued in the king’s books at £ 9 . 8 . 11 ^. 3 net income, £580 3 patron. Marquess of Bristol. The church, a very substantial structure, was rebuilt in 1 814, Rt the cost of two individuals. B R A U B II A X BRAUNSTON, anciently Brandeston {AllSaint^), a parish, in the union of Daventry, hundred of Faws- I.EY, S. division of the county of ^Northampton, 21- miles (N. W.) from Daventry 3 containing 1469 inhabit- ants. The parish comprises by computation 2962 acres, and the small brook Learn separates it from Warwick- shire 3 the road from Daventry to Coventry, forming part of the Holyhead road, passes through it 5 and the Oxford and Grand Junction canals unite in the parish. The village, which once consisted of two detached por- tions, called Great and Little Braunston, commands, feom the brow of a steep declivity, an extensive opening into Warwickshire. The living is a. rectory, valued in the king’s books at £31. 2. 11. 3 net income, £8373 patrons. Principal and Fellows of Jesus’ College, Oxford : about 390 acres of land were assigned in lieu of tithes, in 176O, and there is an excellent glebe-house, lately erected. The church is in the decorated English style, consisting of a nave, north and south aisles, and a chan- cel, with a handsome square embattled tower, cro'wned with pinnacles at the angles, and surmounted by a crocheted octangular spire, rising to the height of 150 feet : standing on a bank, it forms a fine feature in the country, and is visible for many miles round. There are places of worship for Calvinistic Baptists and Wes- ley ans 3 and a national school is supported partly by an endowment of £29 per annum, arising from land be- queathed by Mr. William Makepeace, in 1733. A pit on the side of the old road to- Daventry has produced a large number and variety of organic remains, and an almost complete series of rocky stratifications 5 and some very scarce plants have been found. Dr. Edw^ard Reynolds, Bishop of Norwich, and an able political writer, was incumbent of the parish. BRAUNSTON, or Branston {All Saints), a pa- rish, in the union and soke of Oakham, county of Rutland, 2 miles (S. W.) from Oakham ; containing 443 inhabitants. It comprises between 1500 and 2000 acres, of which the greater portion is arable 5 the soil is various, but chiefly clay, of inferior quality. An act of parliament was passed, in 1801, for inclosing the waste lands. The living is annexed to the vicarage of Hambleton : the church is a small neat edifice. A rent- charge of £5 for the iUsStruction of children, was given by Augustine Burton, in 16 14. BRAUNSTONE, a chapelry, in the parish of Glen- field, union of Blaby, hundred of Sparkenhoe, S. division of the county of Leicester, 2f miles (S. W. by W.) from Leicester 3 containing 195 inhabitants. This place, which is separated from the parish of Ayle- stone by the river Soar, comprises about I7OO acres, of which the soil is partly clay, and partly of lighter qua- lity, forming good arable and pasture lands, and the surface pleasingly diversified with hill and dale. The chapel is dedicated to St. John the Baptist. BRAUNSTONE-FRITH, an extra- parochial district, in the union of Blaby, hundred of Sparkenhoe, S. di- vision of the county of Leicester, 2 miles (W. S. W.) from Leicester 3 containing 7 inhabitants. BRAUNTON (St.Bbannock), a parish, in the union of Barnstaple, hundred of Braunton, Braunton and N. divisions of Devon, 5 miles (W. N. W.) from Barn- staple 3 containing 2274 inhabitants. The parish, which is supposed to derive its name from that of its patron saint, comprises about 10,500 acres, and is bounded on 339 the west by the Bristol Channel, and on the south by the navigable river Taw, at the mouth of which is a lighthouse. A tract of land, comprising about 900 acres, and formerly overflowed by the sea, is considered the richest in the county : there is a mine of manganese.. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £16. 3. 6J. 3 net income, £450 3 patron and appropriator. Dean of Exeter. There is a place of worship for Inde- pendents. A free school was founded by the Rev. William Chaloner, in I667, the endowment of which was aug- mented by Arthur Acland, Esq., in I69O, and the in- come is now £75 3 there is also a charity school with £4 per annum,, arising from land. The remains of some ancient chapels exist. BRAWBY, a township, in the parish of Salton, union of Malton, wapentake of Ryedale, N. riding of York, 6^ miles (N. W.) from New Malton 3 contain- ing 218 inhabitants. This place is situated at the con- fluence of the Seven and Dove rivers with the Rye, and comprises by computation 1080 acres of fertile land. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for £13. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BRAWITH, with Knayton, a township, in the pa- rish of Leake, union of Thirsk, wapentake of Aller- tonshire, N. riding of York, 3^ miles (N. N. W.) from Thirsk 3 containing 404 inhabitants. It is situated on the east bank of the small river Codbeck, and the two townships together comprise about 1390 acres. Bra- with Hall is a neat mansion, the property of the late Mr. Consett, who, in 1839, bequeathed his extensive estates to his nephew, named Preston,, then eleven years of age, but to accumulate in the hands of trustees until 1860. BRAXTED, GREAT {All Saints), a parish, in the union and hundred of With am, N. division of Essex, 2 miles (E. by N.) from Witham 3 containing 410 in- habitants. Tiptree Heath, which takes its name from the manor belonging to an ancient priory here, which w^as given to Cardinal Wolsey for the endowment of his two colleges, originally formed part of the great forest of Essex 3 it is now inclosed. A fair for cattle and toys is held on the 25th of July. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19, and in the patron- age of Corpus Christ! College, Cam^bridge : the tithes have been commuted for £600, and the glebe comprises 65 acres. The church is a small ancient edifice, with a tower surmounted by a shingled spire, and is seated on an eminence commanding an extensive prospect : it dis- plays some remains of Norman architecture. There is a parochial school. ApMory of Black canons, in honour of St. Nicholas, was founded at Tiptree, in the parish, in the reign of Edward I., which, at the time of itsj disso- lution, had a revenue of £22. 6. 4. BRAXTED, LITTLE {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union and hundred of Witham, N. division of Essex, 1 mile (E.) from Witham 3 containing 126 in- habitants. It comprises an area of about three miles in circumference, and formed, at the time of the Nor- man survey, part of the private estate of the Bishop of London. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £3. 6. 8., and in the gift of Sir W. Rush : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £153, and the glebe consists of 7 acres. The church is an ancient edifice, with a circular chancel. The poor have some small bequests. 2X2 BRAY BRAY BRAY (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of CooKHAM, hundred of Bray, county of Berks ; con- taining, with that part of the town of Maidenhead which is in the parish, 3/28 inhabitants. This place is by some considered to occupy the site of the Roman sta- tion Bibracfe : it now forms part of the royal demesne, being included within the liberty of Windsor Forest, and enjoys some privileges, among which is exemption from toll in the adjacent market-town. The manor- house of Ockwells, an ancient structure, was a hunting- seat of King Henry III., and subsequently the property of the family of Norreys, who had also two other manors in the parish. The house was built by Sir John Nor- reys, in the reign of Edward IV. : in the hall is a large bay window, filled w^ith coats of arms in stained glass, in fine preservation, among which are those of Henry III. and his queen Margaret, the abbey of Abingdon with the mitre, and of the Norreys family several times repeated. The site of the present manor-house of Cres- well, now called Philberts, was formerly occupied by a magnificent palace, inhabited by Nell Gwynne, mistress to Charles II. Fuller, in his WortMes, relates a story of a vicar of this parish, who unhesitatingly conformed to every change of religion that took place during the reigns of Henry VHI. and his three immediate succes- sors, being steady in the exercise of one principle only, which was, to live and die “ Vicar of Bray.” The parish comprises by measurement nearly 10,000 acres. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £25. 4. 4^. ; net income, £500 ^ patron and appropria- tor. Bishop of Oxford: in 1814, land was assigned in lieu of vicarial tithes. The church is a spacious edifice, with a tower on the south side, and contains some ancient memorials of the family of Norreys. A school for boys was founded by William Cherry, Esq., who endowed it with £500, to which Townley Ward, Esq. gave £100 three per cents. ; and there is also a national school for girls at Bray Wick, endowed with £16 per annum by the late Whitshed Keene, Esq., of Hawthorn Hill. Jesus’ Hospital was founded in 1627, by William Goddard, Esq., for forty poor persons, six of whom must be free of the Fishmongers’ Company, under whose management it is placed 5 attached is a chapel. Sir John Norreys, in 1605, gave eighteen parcels of land, with tenements, which are assigned rent-free to the poor. BRAY -EATON. — See Eaton, Bray. BRAY, HIGH (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Barnstaple, hundred of Sherwill, Braunton and N. divisions of Devon, 7 miles (N. by W.) from South Molton ; containing 314 inhabitants. It comprises 3790a. 6 2r. 25p., of which 1447 acres are arable, 533 meadow^ and pasture, 311 wood, and 1400 common land. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14. 6. 8., and in the patronage of T. P. Acland, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £360, and there are 89^ acres of glebe. BRAYBROOK (All Saints)^ a parish, in the union of Market-Harborough, hundred of Rothwell, N. division of the county of Northampton, 2-J- miles (S. E.) from Harborough j containing 420 inhabitants. The parish is a mile from the road between Harborough and Kettering, which bounds it on the north j and com- prises by computation 2778a. 2r. SQp., of which 2543 acres are pasture, 215 arable, and 20 plantation 3 the 340 soil is of first-rate quality, and watered by numerous streams 5 and the village is very healthy. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £23. 6. 10|. 5. net income, £6003 patron and incumbent. Rev. J. Field : there are 313 acres of glebe, and a spacious house. The church is a very handsome edifice, in the decorated English style, consisting of a nave, north and south chancel, and two aisles 3 in the south chancel is an elaborately wrought monument to Sir Nicholas Grif- fin. There is a place of worship for Baptists. Braybrook gives the title of Baron to the family of Neville-Griffin. BRAYDESTON (St. Michael), a parish, in the union and hundred of Blofield, E. division of Nor- folk, ^ a mile (S.) from Blofield 3 containing 126 in- habitants. It comprises about 700 acres, of which 378 are arable, and 139 marsh land, and is bounded on the south by the navigable river Yare, from the valleys of which the land rises in gentle acclivities : the soil varies from a fine (in some places stiff) brick earth to a light sand 3 the prospects from the high land over the vale of the Yare are much admired. The Norwich and Yar- mouth railway passes through the parish. The living is a discharged rectory, united to that of Strumpshaw, and valued in the king’s books at £5. 6. 8. : the church, which is chiefly in the perpendicular style, consists of a nave and chancel, with a square tower. The ruins of another church, dedicated to St. Clement, were pulled down about twenty- five years ago. Three Roman urns, containing calcined bones, were found in digging a sand- pit near the site of the demolished church. BRAYDON, a hamlet, in the parish of Purton, union of Cricklade and Wootton-Basset, hundred of Highworth, Cricklade, and Staple, Cricklade and N. divisions of Wilts, 4^ miles (S. S. W.) from Crick- lade 3 containing 60 inhabitants. The impropriate tithes have' been commuted for a rent-charge of £55, and the vicarial for one of £50. BRAYFIELD, COLD (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Newport-Pagnell, hundred of Newport, county of Buckingham, 2| miles (E. by N.) from Olney 3 containing 83 inhabitants. The living is an- nexed to the vicarage of Lavedon. As a commutation in lieu of tithes, land and a money payment were as- signed in 1801. BRAYTOFT (St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in the union of Spilsby, Wold division of the wapen- take of Candleshoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lin- coln, 5 miles (E. by S.) from Spilsby 3 containing 235 inhabitants. It comprises 1815a. 26p., and is situ- ated on the road from Spilsby to Burgh and Skegness : by a drainage navigation which approaches within three miles, corn may be forwarded to the market at Boston. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £18. 3. 6., and in the patronage of the Lord Chancellor : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £322. 18., payable to the incumbent, and one of £18. 7., belonging to an impropriator 3 the glebe consists of 31 1 acres. The church is built chiefly of brick : the nave is supported by five pointed arches, springing from octangular pillars, and surmounted by a row of clerestory windows, and above the arch, which opens into the chancel, is a painting of the Spanish Armada ; the font is ancient, and adorned with escutch- eons emblazoned with devices representing the Saviour’s passion 3 the east end of each aisle is taken off by BREA BREA screen-work for a chapel ; the porch was rebuilt in 171b, and the tower in 1747. A national school for several parishes is chiefly supported by subscription. The family of Braytoft resided here in 1281 j their ancient residence was taken down in 1698. Braytoft was the birthplace of the late Rev. T. Scott, M. A., author of a very copious Biblical Commentary, and various other publications of considerable merit. BRAYTON, with Aspatria, a township, in the parish of Aspatria, union of Wigton, Allerdale ward below Derwent, W. division of Cumberland, 9 miles (N. N. E.) from Cockermouth 3 containing 9S8 inhabitants. BRAYTON (St. Wilfrid), a parish, in the union of Selby, Lower division of the wapentake of Barkstone- Ash, W. riding of York 3 comprising the townships of Barlow, Brayton, Burn, Gateforth, Hambleton, and Thorpe-Willoughby ; and containing 1974 inhabitants, of whom 307 in the township of Brayton, 1 mile (S. W.) from Selby. The parish comprises by measure- ment 10,690 acres, of which 660 are woodland, and is partly skirted by the river Ouse, and intersected by a canal which connects that river with the Aire 3 the soil is principally of a sandy nature, but its quality varies, and in some parts it is of a reddish cast ; the surface is generally level. Brayton Barf and Hambleton Haugh, two noted ' hills, covered with trees, are conspicuous objects in this flat district, and are seen at a great dis- tance. The Leeds and Selby railway passes through the parish, one of the intermediate stations being at Hambleton. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 14. 4^. ; net income, £268 3 patrons, Hon. E. R. Petre and the Prebendary of Wistow, the former of whom is impropriator : the glebe com- prises 140 acres, with a good residence. The church exhibits various styles of architecture : the tower is Norman, surmounted by an octagonal lantern, from which rises a lofty spire, in the later English style 3 the south doorway, and the arch leading into the chancel, are Norman, highly enriched 3 the chancel is in the decorated, and the nave in the later, English style. At Barlow, three miles from the parish church, is a small chapel, a plain brick building, rather ancient 3 and there is also a chapel of ease at Gateforth, built in 1825, a white brick edifice, and cruciform, erected at the expense of Humphrey Osbaldeston, Esq. BREADSALL (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Shardlow, hundred of Appletree, though locally in that of Morleston and Litchurch, S. division of the county of Derby, 3 miles (N. E. by N.) from Derby 3 containing 620 inhabitants. This place was, for several centuries, the property of the ancient family of the Harpurs, now the Crewes, of w^hose mansion there are still some picturesque remains near the church. A house of friars Eremites, afterwards converted into a priory of Augustine monks, was established at an early period, as is supposed by some member of the Dethic family 3 its revenue at the Dissolution amounted to £18. 0^ 8. 5 the remains, still called the Priory, were converted into a residence. The parish is situated on the North-Midland railw^ay, the Derby and Eaton canal, and the road to Chesterfield, and comprises by measurement 1002 acres of fertile land : there are large quarries of coarse grit- stone. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £28. 2. 8^. 5 net income, £580, arising from 341 land, allotted in lieu of tithes, in 1815 3 patron. Sir G. Crewe, Bart. The church is a large handsome structure, with a lofty spire, in the early and decorated English styles, and having a fine Norman arch at the principal entrance 3 it contains some rich specimens of carved oak, and an ancient stone font 3 on the south side of the chancel is a monument to the memory of Dr. Erasmus Darwin, the poet, who died here in 1802, A school, erected in 1788, is endowed with £10. 8. per annum, arising from a bequest of £200 by the Rev. John Clay- ton, in 17453 and another school, for girls, is chiefly supported by the rector. There are remains of a Roman encampment 3 and in a field belonging to the glebe is a very perfect tumulus, crowned by a venerable oak. John Hieron, a non-conformist divine of some' celebrity, w’as incumbent from 1644 till 1662. BREADSTONE, a tything, in the parish of Berke- ley, union of Thornbury, Upper division of the hun- dred of Berkeley, W. division of the county of Glou- cester, 2 miles (E. N. E.) from Berkeley 3 containing 140 inhabitants. BREAGE (St. Breage), a parish, in the union of Helston, W. division of the hundred of Kerrier and of the county of Cornwall, 3 miles (W. by N.) from Helston 3 containing 61 66 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the road from Falmouth to Penzance, and is bounded on the south by the sea for nearly seven miles 5 it abounds in mineral ores, chiefly copper and tin, wdth some lead and manganese, and zinc. The largest tin-mine in the county. Wheal Vor, is situated here 3 it employs from 1200 to 1500 persons, and the expense of working it averages £40,000 per annum. Stone of good quality for building is found in abun- dance, and Tregonning Hill consists almost entirely of granite, which is extensively quarried 3 there is also a quarry of china-stone. The number of acres is esti- mated at 7000, the greater portion of which is profit- able land, and in good cultivation. A fair for cattle is held on the 18th of June, and there is also another fair. The living is a vicarage, with those of Cury, Germoe, and Gunwalloe annexed, valued in the king’s books at £33, and in the patronage of the Crown 3 impropriators, Mrs. Richards and others. The great and small tithes of Breage have been commuted for rent-charges of £628. 10. and £510 respectively. The church is a handsome structure, in the decorated English style, with a square embattled tower. There are places of worship for Wesleyans and other denominations of Methodists 3 and two national schools, one at Wheal Vpr, and one adjoining the vicarage, both supported by subscription. There are some remains of Pengersick Castle, consisting of a tower of several stages, with a good stone staircase, supposed to have been built in the time of Henry VII. The ancient manor-house of Go- dolphin, now the property of the Duke of Leeds, confers the title of Baron upon the lords of that name. BREAMORE (St. Mary), a parish and liberty, in the union of Fordingb ridge, Ringwood and S. divi- sions of the county of Southampton, 3 miles (N. N. E.) from Fordingbridge 3 containing, with the tything of Outwick, 647 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the river Avon, which forms its eastern boundary 3 and comprises 2651a. 21p., of which 1244 acres are arable, 306 water mead, 311 dry pasture, 358 woodland, 231 down, and 85 homesteads, orchards, &c. The living is a B R E C BRED donative ; net income, £540 3 patron and impropriator, Rev. T. C. May. A priory of Black canons, dedicated to St. Michael, was founded by Baldwin de Redveriis, and his uncle Hugh, about the end of the reign of Henry I. : at the time of its suppression, the establishment consisted of a prior and nine canons, and the revenue amounted to £200. 5. 1. BREANE {St. Bridget), a parish, in the union of Axbridge, hundred of Bempstone, but locally in the hundred of Brent with Wrington, E. division of Somerset, miles (W.) from Axbridge, and 1 6 (N.) from Bridgwater 3 containing 126 inhabitants. The parish comprises 1126a. Sr. 4:p., chiefly arable, and is bounded on the north by Uphill bay and the Bristol Channel, on the west by Berrow bay, and on the east by the river Axe. The sea,, in 1825, broke through a natural barrier of sand, hills, and inundated a consider- able portion of the land. The village is situated on the margin of Berrow bay. Breane Down is an elevated peninsula, extending a mile into the sea, and strikingly conspicuous from various parts of the surrounding country. A great quantity of samphire is gathered on the shore, and pickled previously to being conveyed to the inland towns. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 0. 5., and in the patron- age of W. Willis, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £260, and there are more than 25 acres of glebe. BREARTON, a township, in the parish of Knares- BOROUGH, Lower division of the wapentake of Claro, W. riding of York^ 3 ^ miles (N. N. W.) from Knares- borough 3 containing 201 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 1560 acres. A chapel of ease was built in 1836, containing 150 sittings, of which 110 are free, in consideration of a grant of £100 from the Incorpo- rated Society. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £150. 6. S., payable to the prebendary of Beechill and Knaresborough, with the exception of 6s. 8d.y which are payable to the vicar of the parish. ■ BREASTON, a chapelry, in the parish of Sawley, union and hundred of Morleston and Litchiirch, S. division of the county of Derby, 7f miles (E. S. E.) from Derby 3 containing 712 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, annexed to that of Risley. A rent- charge of £361, payable to the prebendary of Sawley, has been awarded as a commutation for the tithes, and there is a glebe of nearly 24 acres. The chapel is dedi- cated to St. Michael. BRECCLES, LITTLE, a hamlet, in the parish and hundred of Shropham, W. division of Norfolk. This was anciently a distinct parish, the living of which, a rectory, was annexed to Shropham before 1332 : the church has long been demolished. BRECKENBROUGH, with Newsham, a township, in the parish of Kirby-Wisk, union of Thirsk, wapen- take of Birdfopth, N. riding of York, 4 miles (W.) from Thirsk 3 cr ntaining 181 inhabitants. It is situated in a fertile and well-wooded district, near the confluence of the Swale and Wisk rivers, and includes within its limits Breckenbrough House, a handsome mansion, with pleasant grounds and thriving plantations. The family of Lascelles anciently had a castellated residence here, of which there are now no remains. BRECKLES (St. Margaret) , a parish, in the union of WalsinghaMj hundred of Wayland, W. division of 342 Norfolk, 5 miles (S. E. by S.) from Watton 3 contain- ing 160 inhabitants. The parish comprises I6OO acres, the property of Sir E. Kerrison, Bart. There was for- merly a lake of 100 acres, which was drained about 40 years since, and now affords rich pasturage. The Hall is an ancient mansion of brick, in the Elizabethan style. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s, books at £7. 17. 11.3 net income, £41, arising from augmentations by Queen Anne’s Bounty 3 patron and impropriator. Sir E. Kerrison. The church is an ancient structure in the early and later English styles, with a circular tower, and contains a large Norman font, ela- borately sculptured. A school is supported by Lady 'Kerrison. BREDBURY, a township, in the parish and union of Stockport, hundred of Macclesfield, N. division of the county of Chester, 2 ^ miles (N. E. by E.) from Stockport 3 containing 3301 inhabitants. The Peak Forest canal passes in the vicinity. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £156. 1. 1. BREDE (St. George), a parish, in the union of Rye, partly in the hundred of Staple, but chiefly in that of Gostrow, rape of Hastings, E. division of Sussex, 4 miles (S. by W.) from Northiam 3 containing 1151 inhabitants. This parish, distinguished by the divisions of Broad Oak and Brede High, is bounded on the south by the Brede channel, which is navigable for barges, and over which is a bridge 3 and is intersected, in the eastern portion, by the road from London to Rye. It comprises 4834a. 3r. Sp., of which i960 acres are arable, 1091 pasture, and 1316 woodland 3 the soil is favourable for the growth of hops, which are success- fully cultivated. The village is pleasantly situated on a hill, commanding extensive and finely varied prospects. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 10. 5. 3 net income, £7023 patron and incumbent. Rev. J. W. Maher. The church, chiefly in the decorated English style, with a square embattled tower surmounted by a low spire, consists of a nave, aisles, and chancel, the whole thoroughly repaired in 1840. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans at Broad Oak 3 and a national school is supported by subscription. The union workhouse is in the parish. Dr. Horne, Bishop of Norwich, in 1790, was a native of Brede. BREDENBURY, a parish, in the union of Brom- yard, hundred of Broxash, county of Hereford, 3 miles (W. N. W.) from Bromyard 3 containing 46 inha- bitants. The parish comprises by measurement 540 acres, of which the soil is of a clayey nature, and the surface for the most part hilly 3 it is intersected by the road from Leominster to Bromyard. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £2. 1. 10|., and in the patronage of Charles Dutton*, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £53. 9., and the glebe consists of 50 acres, of which 30 are in the parish of Bockleton. The church is a neat small edifice. BREDFIELD (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Woodbridge, hundred of Wilford, E. division of Suffolk, 2^ miles (N.) from Woodbridge 3 containing 468 inhabitants, and comprising by measurement IO67 acres. The living is a discharged vicarage, endowed with the rectorial tithes, with which Lowdham and Pettistree were consolidated in 1827, and valued in the king’s books at £4. 4. 2. 3 it is in the patronage of the BRED BRED Crown. The tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £318, and the glebe comprises 27 acres. There is a small place of worship for Baptists 3 and a school is supported by subscription. BRED GAR {St, John the Baptist), a parish^ in the union and hundred of Milton, lathe of Scray, E. division of Kent, 4 miles (S. W. by S.) from Sitting- bourne 5 containing 540 inhabitants. The parish com- prises by measurement I727 acres, of which 1072 are arable, 400 pasture, 180 woodland, and 21 hops 3 the soil is in many parts a good marl,, and the substratum chalk 3 the surface is undulated, and in the higher grounds, crowned with woods. A fair is held on the first Monday after the 29th of June. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9 3 patron and impropriator. Sir E. C. Dering, Bart. ; the great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £375, and the vicarial for one of £210, and there are about 2 acres of glebe, with a house and garden. The church, which was built about five centuries ago, is partly of Norman architecture, and, prior to the Dissolu- tion, had a small college attached to it : it is endowed with land for repairs. A Methodist meeting-house was erected about 1800. William Thatcher, in 1718, gave £100, which sum, with £30 subscribed, was invested in land, now yielding a net rental of £18. 12., devoted to parochial instruction. BREDHURST {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Hollingbourn, hundred of Eyhorne, lathe of Aylesford, W. division of Kent, 5 miles (S. S. E.) from Chatham 3 containing 131 inhabitants. The an- cient village is said to have stood at a short distance, near a wood, where several wells are still visible. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Rector of Hollingbourn, and endowed with the tithes, which have been commuted for a rent- charge of £130 : there are 9 acres of glebe. The church is a small edi- fice, consisting only of one aisle and a chancel, with a tower surmounted by a low spire : adjoining it is a small ruinous chapel, in the early English style, formerly the buriahplace of the family of Kemsley. There are a small dissenters’ place of worship, and a national school. BREDICOT {St. James), a parish, in the union , of Pershore, Lower division of the hundred of Oswald- slow, Worcester and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, 3f miles (E.) from Worcester .3 containing 53 inhabitants, and comprising 378 acres. The Bir- mingham and Gloucester railway passes to the east of the church. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £3. 18. l|. 3 net income, £120 3 patrons. Dean and Chapter of W^orcester. BREDON {St. Giles), a parish, in the union of Tewkesbury, chiefly in the Middle, but partly in the Upper, division of the hundred of Oswaldslow, Per- shore and E. divisions of the county of W^orcester, 3 f miles (N. E. by N.) from Tew^kesbury 3 containing, •with the chapelries of Norton and Cutsdean, and the hamlets of Bredon, Hardwick with Mitton, Kinsham, and Westmancote, 1567 inhabitants. This place was given by Ethelbald, King of Mercia, previously to the year 7 16, to his kinsman Eanulph, in order that he might found a monastery here, in honour of St. Peter, which, previously to the Conquest, was annexed to the bishopric of Worcester. The parish comprises by corn- 343 putation between 5000 and 6000 acres, and is situated on the road between Tewkesbury and Pershore 3 the river Avon, which is navigable for small boats, separates it from Gloucestershire 3 the soil is in general strong, producing good wheat and beans. The Birmingham and Gloucester railway passes through the Tillage, where there is a second-class station. From the summit of Bredon Hill (on which are quarries of stone suitable for building) is a pleasing view of the vales of Evesham and Cotswold, including the winding course of the Severn : the top of the hill is crowned by a Roman encampment, with a double trench. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £72. 11. Oj. 3 net income, £1498, arising from 1100 acres of glebe, as- signed in lieu of tithes, under inclosure acts, in 177b and 1808 3 patron, Jacob Jones, Esq. : there is a glebe- house in good repair. The church has some specimens of Norman architecture, with a fine spire, and contains a monument to the memory of Dr. Prideaux, who was dismissed from the bishopric of Worcester during the parliamentary war. There are chapels of ease at Cuts- dean and Norton 5 and at Milton are the ruins of a chapel. In the hamlet of Westmancote is a place of worship for Baptists. The Blue-coat school was founded in I7I8, by William Hancocke, Esq., who endowed it with lands, which, with accumulations, now produce £115 per annum 3 and a national school is supported by subscrip- tion. An almshouse for eight single women was founded, in 1 696, b}^ Catherine Reed, who endowed It with tithes, since exchanged for 138 acres of land, worth £143 per annum. BREDWARDINE {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Hay, hundred of Webtree, county of Here- ford, 111 miles (W. N. W.) from Hereford 3 containing 409 inhabitants. The parish comprises 2200 acres, and is intersected by the road from Hay to Hereford. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 8. 1 |. 3 net income, £190 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. N. D. H. Newton 3 impropriator. Sir Velters Cornewall, Bart. A school is supported by an endowment called Jarvis’s charity.” On the banks of the Wye, about two miles above Moccas, are the ruins of Bredwardine Castle, in which the gallant Capt. Corne- wall was born. A monument in Westminster Abbey, erected, by a vote of both houses of parliament, records his heroic achievements. BREDY, LITTLE, a chapelry, in the parish of Long Bredy, union of Dorchester, hundred of Uggscombe, Dorchester division of Dorset, 7 miles (*W. by S.) from Dorchester 3 containing, with the ham- let of Kingston-Russell, 281 inhabitants, of whom 19d are in Little Bredy. The chapelry comprises by mea- surement 1637 acres, and is situated one mile south of the London mail road, through Dorchester, to Exeter : the soil is generally calcareous, and the surface hilly * there is a large quarry, from which the stone for erect- ing Winterborne Abbey was obtained. The river Brede, or Bride, has its source in a small lake here, called Bride Head, near which is a Druidical circle of stones. The chapel of ease, dedicated to St. Michael, was rebuilt about 15 years since : the chancel of 'the former edifice remains, and, from its style of architecture, is supposed to 'have been erected in the thirteenth century. Here is a school on the national plan, for the instruction of the children of the poor. B R E I B R E M BREDY, LONG {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Dorchester, hundred of Eggerton, Dor- chester division of Dorset, 8 miles (W.) from Dorches- ter 5 containing, with the hamlet of Upper Kingston, 340 inliabitants. It comprises 9>060a. Ir. I9p>, of which 1213 acres are meadow and pasture, 7 64 arable, and 7 woodland. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19. 12. 1., and in the patronage of R. Williams, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £460, and there are 75 acres of glebe. A school-house was erected, in 1829, at the cost of the rector, the Rev. Lundy Foot. BREEDON {St. Mary and St. Hardulph) , a parish, in the union of Shardlow, hundred of WestGoscote, N. division of the county of Leicester, 5:| miles (N. E. hy N.) from Ashby-de-la-Zouch ^ containing 2625 inha- bitants, and comprising the township of Staunton- Harrold, the hamlets of Tonge and Wilson, and the chapelry of Worthington with Newbold liberty. The parish comprises by computation between 2000 and 2500 acres : the soil in general is very strong, and chiefly calculated for growing wheat, and the surface is hilly. The village is situated at the foot of an ele- vated limestone rock, on the summit of which stands the church : there are considerable lime-works. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 2. 8. 5 net income, £205 ; patron and impropriator, Earl of Stamford and Warrington : in 1759, land and money payments were assigned in lieu of all tithes for the manor. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. By deed, in 1736, Francis Commins gave £300 towards the support of a school for boys ; and Eliza Commins £583 for a girls’ school, on which endowments a national school has been established. A cell for Black canons was founded, soon after 1 144, by the prior and monks of St. Oswald, at Nosthall, to whom the church and some lands here had been given by Robert Ferrers, Earl of Nottingham ; its revenue, at the Dissolution, amounted to the sum of £25. 8. 1. : the church which belonged to it is now the parochial church. BREEM, a chapelry, in the parish of Newland, union of Monmouth, hundred of St. Briavell’s, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 5^ miles (W. by S.) from Blakeney ; containing 441 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy j net income, £52 j patron, Vicar of Newland. The chapel is dedicated to St. James. BREIGHTMET, a township, in the parish and union of Bolton, hundred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 2^ miles (E. by N.) from Great Bolton 5 containing 1309 inhabitants. In 1729^ William Hulton gave , land for the erection of a school- house, which was built in 1750, and is endowed with about £30 per annum. BREIGHTON, a township, in the parish of Bub- wiTH, union of Howden, Holme-Beacon division of the wapentake of Harthill, E. riding of York, 5j miles (N. W. by N.) from Howden 5 containing 204 inhabit- ants. The village lies on the eastern bank of the river Derwent, opposite to the ferry of Menthorpe. The farm of Gunby, in the parish, w^as given by the Conqueror to his standard-bearer, Gilbert Tison, whose posterity took the name of De Guneby, and resided in the old mansion-house for many generations. 344 BREINTON {St. Michael), a parish, in the hun- dred of Grimsworth, union and county of Hereford, 2 miles (W.) from Hereford 5 containing 362 inhabit- ants. This place comprises 1539tL 28/)., of which about two-thirds are arable 3 on the south it is bounded by the river Wye. The living is a perpetual curacy, valued in the king’s books at £1. 10., and in the patronage of the Dean of Hereford 3 appropriators, the Dean and Chapter, whose tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £210, and those of the incumbent for one of £135. Schools are partly supported by endowments. BREMHILL {St. Martin), a parish, chiefly in the union of Calne, but partly in that of Chippenham, hundred of Chippenham, Chippenham and Caine, and N. divisions of Wilts, 4:^ miles (E.) from Chippenham3 containing 1550 inhabitants. This parish comprises by computation 6000 acres : the soil is chiefly a sandy loam 3 the surface is partly hilly, and partly a fine vale 3 and facilities of communication are afforded by the Wilts and Berks canal. The Roman Watling-street passed through the parish, and in the vicinity is the course of the ancient rampart Wansdyke. Avebury, a celebrated British temple, supposed to have been raised in honour of Teutates, their chief Celtic deity, and Tan- hill and Silbury, two lofty eminences appropriated to the performance of their pagan rites, are situated with- in a short distance : on Tan-hill a fair is held on Aug. 6th. The living is a vicarage, endowed with the recto- rial tithes, with Highway annexed, valued in the king’s books at £15. 15. 3 net income, £406 3 patron. Bishop of Salisbury. ’ Under an enclosure act, in 1775, land and a money payment were assigned to the impropriator in lieu of tithes on certain lands in tbe parish : there are about 230 acres of glebe, with a residence. The church is a venerable and interesting edifice, with a massive square tower, adorned with battlements and pinnacles : betw^een the aisle and chancel is a handsome rood-loft, beautifully carved : the chancel contains several monu- ments, and in the churchyard are numerous epitaphs written by the vicar, the Rev. Mr. Bowles, the poet, who, in 1827, published a description of the parish. There is a Moravian establishment at Tytherton. At the hamlet of Studley was a Roman station, supposed by Mr. Bowles to have been an outpost to the more important station of Ferlucio, the site of which was ascertained, by Sir Richard Colt Hoare, to be near Wanshouse, about four miles distant : numerous coins, chiefly of Constantine, and British earthenware, have been dug up. Maud Heath, in 1478, gave land and houses in trust for keeping in repair an ancient paved footway between Bremhill and Chippenham, the produce of which being greater than the outlay, a considerable fund has accumulated : on the summit of Wick Hill, and on an eminence near Chippenham, being the two extremities of the road, are upright stones, commemo- rative of the bequest 3 and midway, on the banks of the Avon, is an interesting monument, with a sun-dial, on the sides of which are monitory inscriptions in Latin. Near the church are the ivy-mantled remains of a por- tion of the tenements belonging to the grange of the abbot of Malmesbury. BREMILHAM, or Cowich, a parish, in the union and hundred of Malmesbury, Malmesbury and Kings- wood, and N. divisions of Wilts, 2 miles (W. by S.) from Malmesbury 3 containing 47 inhabitants. The BREN BREN living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4, 1. 8., and in the patronage of the Hon. and Rev. R. Bowles : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £106. BRENCHLEY (^ll Saints), a parish^ in the union of Tonbridge, hundred of Brenchley and Horse- MONDEN, lathe of Aylesford, W. division of Kent, miles (N.) from Lamberhurst 3 containing 247^ inhabit- ants. It abounds with iron-ore, and there are some mineral springs, similar in their properties to those of Tonbridge. A cattle fair is held annually at the hamlet of Matfield Green. The South-Eastern railway passes through the parish. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13. 18. 9.5 net income, £7^9 3 patron and impropriator, G. Courthorpe, Esq. The church is an ancient cruciform structure, built chiefly of sandstone, with a lofty tower. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists. BRENDON (St, Brendon), a parish, in the union of Barnstaple, hundred of Sherwill, Braunton and N. divisions of Devon, 15^ miles (E.) from Ilfracombe 3 containing 371 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 4., and in the patronage of John Knight, Esq, : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £167, and there are 50 acres of glebe. BRENKLEY, a township, in the parish of Din- NiNGTON, union and W. division of Castle ward, S. division of Northumberland, 7 | miles (N. by W.) from Newcastle-upon-Tyne 3 containing 56 inhabitants. It lies above three miles north-east from Ponteland, and nearly a mile west from the great post road 3 and is one of six townships formed by an act of parliament into the parish of Dinnington, and of which one has been taken from the parish of Newburn, and five have been taken from that of Ponteland, the latter now con- sisting of ten, instead of, as formerly, fifteen townships. The tithes have been commuted for rent- charges, amounting to £150. 6 . 5., of which £141. 3. 1 . are payable to Merton College, Oxford, and £9. 4. 4. to the vicar of Ponteland. BRENT, EAST (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Axbridge, hundred of Brent with Wrington, E. division of Somerset, 4f miles (W. S. W.) from Ax- bridge 3 containing, with the hamlets of Edingworth and Rooksbridge, 849 inhabitants. This place appears to have been the scene of various military transactions at an early period 3 and on the summit of a lofty coni- cal hill, termed Brent Knoll, are vestiges of a large double intrenchment, within which, and at the base of the hill, numerous Roman relics have been found. The West Saxons are also supposed to have occupied this position, in their contests with the Mercians 3 and it is related that Alfred defended himself here against the Danes. A plot of ground to the south retains the name Battleborough, probably from some battle having been fought upon it. The parish is situated on the road from Bridgwater to Bristol, and near the Bristol and Exeter railway, and comprises by computation 3000 acres. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £30. 11. 3.3 patron and appropriator. Bishop of Bath and Wells, whose tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £ 90 , and the vicarial for £690 3 the glebe comprises about 70 acres. The church is a very ancient structure, with a tower and spire, together VoL. I.— 345 130 feet high 3 at the east end of the north aisle is a handsome painted window^. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans 3 and a national school is supported by subscription. Cornua ammonis and other fossils have been found. Here was a cell to the abbey of Glaston- bury. BRENT-ILLEIGH, Eleigh, or Ely (St. Mary), a parish (formerly a market-town), in the union of CosFORD, hundred of Babergh, W. division of Suf- folk, 3^ miles (E. by S.) from Lavenham 3 containing 389 inhabitants, and comprising by measurement 1597 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 8 , and in the patronage of Dr. Browne : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £480, and the glebe consists of 9 acres. At the end of the chancel of the church, an apartment was built by Dr. Colman, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, in which he placed a parochial library 3 and Edward Colman, Esq., endowed an almshouse, for six widowers and six widows. A school is supported by subscription. BRENT, SOUTH (St. Patrick), a parish (formerly a market-town), in the union of Totnes, hundred of Stanborough, Stanborough and Coleridge, and S. divisions of Devon, 7f miles (S. W. by S.) from Ash- burton 3 containing 1337 inhabitants. It is beautifully situated on the river Avon, which pursues its course for nearly six miles within the limits of the parish 5 the number of acres is about 10 , 000 , of which upwards of 6000 are inclosed, and in a high state of cultivation, and the remainder chiefly common lands. The higher grounds are remarkably picturesque, affording fine prospects over Torbay and Plymouth Sound. The manor anciently belonged to the abbot of Buckfastleigh, who possessed the power of inflicting punishment for capital crimes. Tin- works, now discontinued, were formerly carried on : here is a^ small establishment for spinning and carding wool 3 and slate is quarried to a considerable extent. Fairs for cattle are held on the last Tuesday in April and September. The living is a vicarage, endowed with the great tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £39. 14. 4|. 3 patron. Rev. N. Cole; the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £965, and the glebe comprises about 30 acres, with a house. The church is an ancient structure. There are places of worship for Independents and Wesleyans. A school has a small endowment 3 and there are various bequests for charitable purposes, amounting to about £100 per annum. BRENT, SOUTH (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Axbridge, hundred of Brent with Wrington, E. division of Somerset, 6 miles (S. W. by S.) from Axbridge 3 containing 1074 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the Bristol and Exeter road, com- prises by measurement 3533 acres, including 84 acres of roads 3 the soil is very rich, and the surface flat, with the exception of a high hill called Brent Knoll, where was anciently a Roman encampment. There is a canal from Highbridge, distant about 3^ miles hence, to Glastonbury 3 and the Bristol and Exeter railroad inter- sects the parish. Fairs for sheep and horned- cattle are held on the second Monday in July, and second Monday in October. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £35. I 7 . 8|. 3 patron and appropriator, Archdeacon of Wells. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £ 780 , of which the vicar receives 3 Y BREN BREN ^689, and the appropriator £91 , the glebe consists of about half an acre, on which is the vicarage-honse. In the church is a monument to the memory of Captain John Somersett, a zealous royalist in the. time of the civil war. There is a parochial school ; also a place of worship for Bryanites. A few fossils have been found. BRENTFORD, a market- town, and the head of a union, comprising Old Brentford, in the parish of Ealing, Kensington division of the hundred of Osstjl- STON, and New Brentford, in the parish of Han well, hundred of Elthorne, county of Middlesex, of which it is the county town, 7 miles (W. by S.) from Hyde- park Corner, on the great western road 5 New Brentford containing 2174 inhabitants, and Old Brentford, 5058. This place, formerly called Brainforde, takes its name from an ancient ford on the small river Brent. In 1016 Edmund Ironside, having compelled the Danes to raise the siege of London, pursued them to this place, where they were routed with great slaughter. A chapter of the Order of the Garter was held here in 1445 5 and, in the 25th of Henry VL, an hospital, for a master and several brethren, of the Nine Orders of Angels, was founded in a chapel beyond the bridge, at the western end of the town, once known as West Brentford : the revenue appears to have been £40, and the site was granted to Edward, Duke of Somerset, in the 1st of Edward VI. In 1558, six Protestants were burnt here at the stake, on account of their religious tenets. In the great civil war this place was the scene of a battle, in which the royalists, though victorious, were obliged to retire from the field, by the sudden arrival of a strong reinforcement to the enemy from London. For his services in this battle, which occurred on the 12th of November, 1642, Patrick Ruthen, Earl of Forth, in Scotland, was created an English peer, by the title of Earl of Brentford, which title was subsequently con- ferred, by William III., upon Mareschal Schomberg, who accompanied him to England at the Revolution. Several skirmishes also took place in 1647, between the royal guards stationed here and the parliamentary troops quartered at Hounslow. The TOWN consists of one street, more than a mile in length, paved, and lighted with gas, under an act of parliament obtained in 1825, and am’ended in 1842. The river Thames runs parallel with the high street, and over it, at the eastern extremity of the town, is a handsome stone bridge leading to Kew : the Brent, uniting the Grand Junction Canal with the Thames, crosses it on the west, and over this is a neat stone bridge, erected by the county in 1825, replacing one of great antiquity, at one lime supported by a toll levied upon Jewish passengers exclusively. There are a large malt- distillery, an extensive brewery, and a soap-manu- factory 3 but the chief trade of the town is derived from its situation on the great western road (now much diminished, however, by the construction of the Great Western railway), and from the union of the Grand Junction canal with the Thames. The market is on Tuesday 5 and fairs are held on May 17th, 18th, and 19th, for cattle, and Sept. 12th, 13th, and 14th, for toys and pedlery. The town is within the jurisdiction of the county magistrates, who hold a petty- session for the division every alternate week 3 and a court of re- quests for the recovery of debts under 40^., the jurisdic- 346 tion of which extends over the hundred of Elthorne and Spelthorne, is held here during the summer half year, and during the winter at Uxbridge. The parliamentary elections for the county take place at New Brentford, for which the town is a polling-place. The living of New Brentford is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £283^ patron. Rector of Hanwell. The chapel, dedicated to St. Lawrence, with the exception of the tower, was rebuilt of brick in 1762 : annexed to it is the residence of the minister. The chapel of Old Brentford, dedicated to St. George, was rebuilt in 1770, by subscription, and is a chapel of ease to the vicarage of Ealing : the living was augmented in 1842 with £48 per annum by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. There are places of wor- ship for Particular Baptists, Primitive Methodists, and Wesleyans. A charity school for boys, established by subscription, in 1 703, was endowed by Lady Capel, in 1719, with the twelfth part of an estate, yielding at present £37. 10. per annum : the endowment, enlarged by subsequent benefactions, produces an annual income of £143. There is likewise a national school, partly supported by an endowment. Mrs. Mary Spencer, in 1 658, gave a rent-charge of £6 for apprenticing children 3 for which purpose also, in 1692, Lord Ossulston be- queathed £100, producing £5. 14. per annum. The poor law union of Brentford comprises 10 parishes or places, and contains a population of 37,054. Several human skeletons have at various times been dug up in the neighbourhood. BRENTINGBY, a chapelry, in the parish ofWy- FORDBY, union of Melton-Mowbray, hundred of Framland, N. division of the county of Leicester, 2| miles (E. by S.) from Melton-Mowbray 3 containing 54 inhabitants. The chapelry comprises about 600 acres ,* the soil is partly a cold clay, and partly of much richer quality 3 the pasturages are luxuriant. The Melton-Mowbray and Oakham canal passes through the district. The chapel is an ancient structure, de- pendent on the church of Wyfordby. BRENT-TOR {St. Michael), a parish, in the union and hundred of Tavistock, Tavistock and S. divisions of Devon, 4 miles (N.) from Tavistock 3 comprising 750 acres, and containing 169 inhabitants. This place partly derives its name from its situation on a lofty eminence or tor, which, differing materially in its strata from all other tors on Dartmoor Forest, is by geologists supposed to have been originally a volcanic eruption. The small river Lid runs through the parish, in which are also a fine sheet of water, called Stowford Lake, and some mines of manganese. The village is built on the ac- clivity of the eminence, and the church, occupying it& summit, forms a conspicuous landmark to vessels enter- ing Plymouth harbour. The living is a perpetual curacy 3^ net income, £663 patron and impropriator, Duke of Bedford. National schools have been established. BRENTWOOD, a district chapelry, in the parish of South Weald, union of Billericay, hundred of Chafford, S. division of Essex, 11 miles (S. W.) from Chelmsford, and 18 (E. N. E.) from London, on the road to Norwich 3 containing 2362 inhabitants. The name, which is of Saxon origin, signifies a burnt wood 3 the woods which previously occupied the site having been burnt down. The hamlet comprises by computa- tion 395 acres. The town is pleasantly situated on a commanding eminence, and consists principally of one B R E O B R E S street j the houses are in geneM ancient and irregularly built 5 the inhabitants are supplied with excellent water from wells. Races take place occasionally on a common near the town. There are cavalry barracks at Warley, about a mile and a half distant. Here is a large ale and porter brew^ery, and malting-establishment, established about 30 years since j the produce is chiefly for home consumption, and about 5000 quarters of malt are annually sent to London. The Eastern-Counties railway runs near the town. The market, lately revived, is on Saturday j the fairs are on July 18th and Oct. 15th, for horses and cattle. Courts leet and baron are held by the lord of the manor of South Weald. Petty-sessions for the division take place here every Thursday •, and the assizes were formerly held here. Part of the old townhall has been converted into shops. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £124, with a resi- dence 3 patron, Christopher T. Tower, Esq. The chapel, dedicated to St. Thomas a Becket, was originally founded early in the thirteenth century, by David, Abbot of St. Osyth, and is now used for a national school, a new church having been erected by a grant from the Incor- porated Society, and by subscription 3 it is a plain edifice, with lancet windows, and a district has been assigned. There is a meeting-house for Independents, and the Roman Catholics have chapels at Pilgrim Hatch and Thorndon Hail. The free grammar school was founded and endowed, in 1537, by Sir Anthony Browne, Knt., and is open to all boys residing within three miles of Brentwood 3 the income arising from the endowment is £1452, which, according to the intention of the founder, is paid to the master, subject to an allow^ance of £10 per annum each to five alms-persons, and to the expense of keeping the school premises and almshouses in repair. An exhibition of £6 per annum to Caius College, Cambridge, was founded by Dr. Plume, with preference to Chelmsford, Brentwood, and Maldon. The Roman station Durositum is supposed to have been situated in the vicinity. BRENZETT {St, Eanswith), ^, parish, in the union of Romney Marsh, partly in the hundred of Aloes- BRiDGE, but chiefly in the liberty of Romney Marsh, lathe of Shepway, E. division of Kent, 4^ miles (N. W. by W.) from Romney 5 containing 228 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 1768a. 2r. of marshy land, subject to flood. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 18. 11^. 3 net income, £73 3 patron and impropriator. Rev. W. Brockman, as lessee of the Archbishop of Canterbury. The church is an ancient edifice, with a tower surmounted by a spire. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans. BREOCK, ST. {St. Breoke), a parish, in the union of St. Columb-Major, hundred of Pyder, E. division of Cornwall, 1 mile (W. S. W.) from Wadebridge 3 containing 1733 inhabitants. The parish comprises by measurement 6875 acres, of which the soil is generally shelfy, and the surface hilly, with some large coppice woods in the valleys. It is situated on the road be- tween Launceston and Falmouth, and on the river Camel, by which it is bounded on the north and east, and over which is a handsome bridge of I6 arches. The river is navigable for two miles above Wadebridge 3 and a railway has been completed to Bodmin and Simon- w'ard, with branches to Ruthyn Bridge and Wynford Bridge. There are iron-mines at Pawton, which are 347 worked, and an iron-foundry 3 copper has been found, but not of such quality as to pay the expense of raising it 3 slate is obtained for building purposes. Fairs are hdd on March 2nd, May 12th, June 22nd, and October 10th. Th6 living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £41. 10. 10., and in the patronage of Sir W. Molesworth, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for a. rent-charge of £966. 4. 11., and the glebe consists of about 83 acres, with a residence in good repair. In the church are some old monuments of the Tredenick and Vyal families, now extinct. There are a chapel of ease at Wadebridge 3 and places of worship for Independents, Wesleyans, and Bryanites. A school is supported by subscription. Dr. Hall, who was Bishop of Exeter in the reign of Charles I., held the living here in commendam. On the summit of an eminence which commands an extensive view of the coast, are the remains of an ancient cromlech. BRERETON with Smethwick {St. Oswald), a parish, in the union of Congleton, hundred of North- wich, S. division of the county of Chester, 3 miles (N. E. by N.) from Sandbach 3 containing 666 inhabit- ants. The parish comprises by measurement 4200 acres, and is situated on the road from London to Liver- pool, and the Manchester and Grand Junction branch railwav. The ancient residence of the Lords Brereton, from whom the place derived its name, is a fine old mansion in good preservation. Fairs for cattle are held in the second weeks in April and November. The living is a rectory, vamped in the king’s books at £7* 0. 5., and in the patronage of Mrs. Edward Royds 3 net income, £681 : the glebe consists of about 20 acres. The church, a stately structure, in the later style of English architecture, with a roof of carved oak, was formerly a chapel of ease to the church at Astbury, but was made parochial, and endowed with the tithes of Brereton cum Smethwick, in the reign of Henry VIII. 3 it contains monuments of Lord Brereton and the Smethwick family. An additional church was consecrated on the 21st of Aug. 1837. There is a place of worship for Indepen- dents 3 and a school has an endowment of £4 per annum. BRESSINGHAM {St. John the Baptist), a. parish, in the union of Guiltcross, hundred of Diss, E. division of Norfolk, 2 j miles (W.) from Diss 3 con- taining 647 inhabitants. The parish comprises 2364 acres, of which 1569 are arable, 634 pasture, and 76 woodland 3, and is situated- on the road from Thetford to Diss, and bounded on the south by the river Wave- ney, which separate^ it from Suffolk. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £15,, and in the patronage of the Duke of Norfolk : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £604. I6., of which £1. 10. are payable to the rector of Fersfield3 there are 37 acres of glebe. The church was rebuilt, with the exception of the chancel, in 1527j having been com- menced some time previously by Sir Roger Pilkington, Knt., lord of the manor 3 it is in the decorated style, and consists of a nave, chancel, and side aisles> with an embattled tower. The Rev. John Barker, in 1728, left land for the education of children 3 and, at the inclosure of the parish, 55 acres were allotted to the poor for fuel 3 the church land lets for £10 per annum. Conduit Meadow, in the parish, is so called from a spacious con- duit, now in a ruinous state, constructed by Sir Richard 2 Y 2 BRET BRET de Boy land, to supply some baths, and an extensive moat which encompassed his grounds. BRETBY, county of Derby. — See Bradby. BRETFORTON (St, Leonard), a parish, in the union of Evesham, Upper division of the hundred of Blackenhurst, Pershore and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, 3f miles (E.) from Evesham 3 contain- ing 511 inhabitants. The parish, situated on the border of Gloucestershire, which bounds it on the east and south, is intersected by the road from Evesham to Campden, and comprises by computation upwards of 1700 acres 3 the soil is various, but the greater part a stiff clay, and the surface is flat. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 5 . 5 net income, £82 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. John Timbrill3 impropriators, the Landowners. Land and a money payment were assigned to the vicar, in lieu of all tithes, in 17663 the glebe consists of 90 acres. BRETHERDALE, a township, in the parish of Orton, East ward and union, county of Westmorland, 3 miles (S. W.) from Orton 3 containing 82 inhabitants. The manor formerly belonged to Byland Abbey, York- shire, but at the Dissolution was purchased by the family of Wharton, and is now the property of the Earl of Lonsdale. A rent-charge of £22. 9 . 10. has been awarded as a commutation for the vicarial tithes. BRETHERTON, a township, in the parish of Cros- TON, union of Chorley, hundred of Levland, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 10 miles (N. N. E.) from Ormskirk 3 containing 833 inhabitants. A district church, consecrated by the Bishop of Chester in July, 1840 , contains 400 sittings, of which 224 are free, a specific grant having been made by the Church Com- missioners 3 net income of the incumbent, £120. The tithes have been commuted for rent- charges amounting to £370, of which £325 are payable to the rector of Chorley, and £45 to the rector of Croston. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans ; and a free school was built, in 1654, at the expense of James Fletcher, who endowed it with £ 230 , to which various donations have since been added. BRETSFORD, a hamlet, in the parish of Wolston, union of Rugby, Kirby division of the hundred of Knightlow, N. division of the county of Warwick, 64 miles (E. by S.) from Coventry 3 containing 148 in- habitants. The name is a corruption of Bradforde, and is derived from the breadth of a ford here. In the 11 th of Henry III., Nicholas de Verdon, lord of the manor, obtained a special charter for a weekly market on Tuesday 3 and his descendant, Theobald, had the power of life and death both at this place and Brandon, with other privileges. Here was anciently a chapel, dedicated to St. Edmund, supposed by Sir William Dugdale to have been founded by one of the Turviles. BRETTENHAM (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Thetford, hundred of Shropham, W. division of Norfolk, 4 miles (E. by S.) from Thetford 3 containing 62 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 2000 acres, a portion of which is heath. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 5 . 12. 6., and in the patronage of the Bishop of Ely : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £200, and the glebe comprises 18 acres. The church is in the decorated style, and consists of a nave only, the chancel, with the parsonage-house, having been 348 burnt down in 1693 : the entrance on the south is through a Norman doorway. Several Roman coins of Vespasian and other emperors, and urns, have been dug up. BRETTENHAM (St, Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Cosford, W. division of Suffolk, 4 miles (N. N. W.) from Bildeston 3 containing 367 in- habitants. This place is supposed by some to have been the site of the Roman station Combretonium, which others have endeavoured to fix at Brettenham, in Nor- folk, where Roman coins have been found 3 but the dis- tances in the Itineraries justify neither of these suppo- sitions. That station was most probably Burgh, near Woodbridge, where there are evident remains of a Roman post. The parish comprises by computation 1300 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 3. 11^., and in the patronage of the Crown 3 net income, £377. BRETTON, MONK (St. Paul), a district chapelry, in the parish of Royston, wapentake of Staincross, W. riding of York, 1 ^ mile (N. E.) from Barnsley 3 containing 1719 inhabitants. The chapelry includes Upper and Lower Cudworth, and comprises about 3809 acres, of which 2129 are in Monk-Bretton township, and are tithe-free. The place is intersected by the Barnsley canal and the North-Midland railway : the population has rapidly increased within the last ten years, and many of them are employed in linen-weaving and bleaching. A district church, dedicated to St. Paul, containing 700 sittings, half free, was built at a cost of £ 1200 , defrayed principally by subscription, and was consecrated 9 th June, 1840 3 it is in the Anglo-Norman style, built of stone, supplied from quarries here, and on a site given by Sir George Womb well, Bart., lord of the manor : the living is in the patronage of the Vicar of Royston, with a net income of £150. A priory of the Cluniac order was founded here in the reign of Henry II., the remains of which may still be seen : at the Dissolu- tion, its revenues amounted to £323. 8 . 2 . An alms- house, comprising six tenements, is supposed to have been founded by Dame Mary Talbot, in 1654 5 Sir George Wombwell allows 50s, annually to each, and repairs the buildings. The interest of £400 was left to poor persons by the Broadhead family, of which Sir Theodore H. Brinckman is the present representative. BRETTON, WEST, a chapelry, partly in the parish of Sandall Magna, Lower division of the wapentake of Agbrigg, and partly in the parish of Silkstone, wapentake of Staincross, imion of Wakefield, W. riding of York, 6 miles (S. S. W.) from AVakefield 3 containing 564 inhabitants. This place, which is on the Wakefield and Denby Dale road to Manchester, is the property and residence of Thomas Wentworth Beau- mont, Esq., lord of the manor, and comprises by com- putation 1992 acres, tithe-free, of which 760 are within the limits of the demesne and park of Bretton Hall, the spacious and elegant seat of the proprietor. The pre- sent hall was erected by Sir William Wentworth, Bart., in 1730 , when the original mansion of the family, with the adjacent chapel, was taken down 3 considerable ad- ditions were made by the late Colonel Beaumont and his lady, after designs of Sir Jeffrey Wyatville, and many improvements have been completed by the present pro- prietor, who rebuilt all the out-offices and stables, in 1842 : the Hall is situated on an eminence in the park. BREW commanding an extensive view of the tastefully em- bellished demesne, and is in the Doric style of architec- ture. Henry VIII. and suite slept three nights in the old mansion , and the panels and chairs (the latter of oak, curiously carved), and draperies of his bed-room, were removed to the new Hall. The park is studded with valuable timber, and abounds with sylvan and un- dulating scenery, enlivened by the windings of the river Dearne, which flows through a picturesque valley, and in the southern part of the grounds expands into two beautiful lakes j the upper lake is called Virginia Water, and is surrounded by bold rocky banks, with drives and walks enriched by grottos and Virginian plants. The village is pleasantly situated and well built. The chapel is a handsome edifice in the Grecian style, built in 1?37, by Sir William Wentworth, and the interior is neatly fitted up 5 it is the private property of Mr. Beaumont, who pays the chaplain, but it is open to the public. A school is partly supported by an annual donation of £25 from Mr. Beaumont. BREWARD (ST.), or Simonward {St, Bruard), a parish, in the union of Camelford, hundred of Trigg, E. division of Cornwall, 6f miles (N. by E.) from Bodmin ; containing 7^4 inhabitants. The surface is boldly undulated, and the lofty hills of Rough Tor, con- tracted into Rowtor, and Brown Willy, which is esteemed the highest land in the county, are both within its limits. From the latter, which is 1368 feet above the level of the sea, a most extensive view is obtained over the English and Bristol channels 3 and on the summit of the former are the remains of an ancient building, supposed to have been a chapel, and a Logan stone. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8, and in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Exeter : the church is an ancient struc- ture, partly Norman, and partly in the later style of English architecture. A school is chiefly supported by subscription. There are some circles of stones in' the vicinity. BREWERS, ISLE.— See Isle-Brewers. BREWHAM-LODGE, an extra-parochial liberty, in the hundred of Norton-Ferris, E. division of Somer- set, 5 miles (E. by N.) from Bruton 5 containing 8 in- habitants. This place consists of one estate, com- prising nearly 800 acres, and acquired its extra-parochial privileges from having been one of King John’s hunting- seats, in memory of whom a wood in the vicinity retains the name of King’s Wood. Alfred’s tower was erected by Henry Hoare, Esq., in commemoration of a victory obtained here by that prince over the Danes 5 it is a triangular brick building, 155 feet in height, sur- mounted at each angle by a turret, one of which is sur- rounded by a gallery; and over the entrance is an in- scription, recording the good qualities and noble exploits of that renowned monarch. About half a mile towards the north-east is a small oval encampment, called Jack’s Castle, which is thought to be of Danish construction ; and human bones, spears’ heads, and urns containing the ashes of burnt bones, have been dug up in the neighbourhood, which was the scene of various conflicts between the Saxons and the Danes. - BREWHAM, NORTH and SOUTH {St, John the Baptist), in the union of Wincanton, hundred of Bruton, E. division of Somerset; containing 905 in- habitants, of whom 392 are in North Brewham, 3j 349 BREW miles (E. N. E.) from Bruton. This place takes its name from the river Brew, and is divided into two distinct parishes, having one church : North Brewham com- prises 2023a. 2r. lOp., of which about 100 acres are woodland; and South Brewham, 266 la. 2r. 30p., of which 1845 acres are pasture, 379 arable, and 437 wood. The soil is mostly clay, stony in some places, and in some parts tolerably good mould, but the land in general is poor ; the surface is much diversified with hill and dale, and thickly wooded. The living is a perpetual curacy; net income, £102; patron and impropriator. Sir H. R. Hoare, Bart. : the tithes of North Brewham have been commuted for a rent-charge of £169. 2. The church is a neat edifice, lately repaired at a great expense ; and in the churchyard are the shaft of an old cross, and two fine yew-trees. A national school in South Brewham is supported by voluntary contributions. A chapel formerly stood at North Brewham, the remains of which have been converted into a barn. BREWHOUSE-YARD, an extra- parochial liberty, in the union of Radford, S. division of the wapentake of Broxtow, N. division of the county of Notting- ham ; containing 110 inhabitants. It adjoins the town of Nottingham. BREWOOD (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Penkridge, E. division of the hundred of Cuttle- stone, S. division of the county of Stafford, 7 miles (N. by W.) from Wolverhampton, and 10 (S. by W.) from Stafford ; comprising by survey 1 1,900 acres, and containing, with the liberty of Coven and the township of Brewood, 3641 inhabitants, of whom 2991 are in the township. This is a place of great antiquity, and Stukeley, in his Itinerary, speaks of it as a village on the Penk, which they say has been an old city; on plow- ing the fields they frequently find Roman coins and other antiquities ; in that great old city King John kept his court.” It is about a mile south of the Roman Watling-street, which forms the northern boundary of the parish for upwards of three miles ; it consists of several ranges of houses, and is paved, and well supplied with water from springs. The market, formerly held on Friday, has been discontinued, and the market-house pulled down ; but a fair for live stock is held on the 19th of September. The Staffordshire and Worcester- shire, and the Birmingham and Liverpool canals pass through the parish ; and the Four Ashes’ station on the line of the Grand Junction railway is about two miles distant. Here is a small manufactory of stock locks. Brewood is within the jurisdiction of the court of re- quests held at Wolverhampton for the recovery of debts not exceeding £5. The living is a discharged vicar- age, valued in the king’s books at £15 ; patron and ap- propriator, the Dean of Lichfield : the tithes have been, commuted for a rent-charge of £670. The church is a spacious and handsome edifice, in the later English style, with a fine spire. A chapel of ease has been erected within the last few years at Coven, by Edward Monckton, Esq. ; it is of pointed architecture, and has been fitted up for divine service by subscription. There are places of worship for Independents and Wesleyans. The free grammar school is supposed to have been founded by Dr. Knightley, whose endowment, increased by subsequent benefactors, now produces about £412 per annum, and will shortly be still more augmented by a sale of mines. Dr. Hurd, Bishop of Worcester, B R I C B R 1 C who, with other distinguished persons, was educated here, appropriated, in the year 1800, two houses for the benefit of the school, and in 18^7 it received a bequest of £1000 four per cents., pursuant to the will of Richard Hurd, Esq. 5 the system of education is strictly classical, but there is an English free school in connexion with it, and national schools are supported by subscription. A bank for savings has been established. The workhouse for the Penkridge union is situated in this parish. A small Benedictine nunnery, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, is first noticed in the time of Richard I. 5 at the Dissolution, its clear revenue was rated at £11. 1. 6. Chillington Hall, a noble mansion in the parish, is approached by a fine avenue of trees, nearly two miles long, in a direct line, and has a lake of about 100 acres ; there are two Roman Catholic chapels on the estate, one at Birch, and the other at Black- Ladies. In the neighbourhood are two mineral springs, now disused. BRIAVELL’S (ST.), a parish, in the hundred of St. Briavell’Sj union of Chepstow, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 8 miles (W. by S.) from Blake- ney ^ containing, with the castle, common, Hucknalls, and other extra-parochial portions, 1287 inhabitants. This is a place of considerable antiquity, having given name to the hundred ; and Milo, Earl of Hereford, built a castle here in the reign of Henry I., as a frontier fortress against the Welsh : the north-western front, including two circular towers, now used as a prison for the hundred, is all that remains. Edward II. granted the inhabitants a charter for a weekly market, which has long been disused 3 and Edward III. exempted the burgesses from the payment of toll throughout the kingdom : this exemption is not now claimed, but the inhabitants still enjoy the right of cutting wood in the forest of Dean, which they form into hoops and other articles, and send to Bristol. The parish comprises by computation 3312 acres, of which 1477 are meadow and pasture, 1307 arable, 508 woodland, and 20 waste. There are several coal- works in the vicinity 3 and until lately a court was held for regulating matters in dispute among the miners, but an act was passed in 1842 for abolishing this court, and for the more easy and speedy recovery of small debts within the hundred. The living is annexed to the vicarage of Lidney : the appropriate tithes, belonging to the Dean and Chapter of Hereford, have been commuted for a rent-charge of £215, the vicarial tithes for one of £229, and the impropriate for one of £8. The church is a small cruciform edifice, principally in the Norman and early English styles. There is a national school. BRICETT, GREAT [St. Mary and St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union and hundred of Bosmere and Claydon, E. division of Suffolk, 3| miles (E. N. E.) from Bildeston 3 containing 214 inhabitants, and com- prising 912a. 3r. 21/?. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 net income £1003 patrons and impropriators, Provost and Fellows of King’s College, Cambridge. A priory for Augustine canons was founded about 1110, by Ralph Fitz-Brien, in honour of St. Leonard, the possessions of which, on the suppression of alien priories, were given by Henry VI. to the Provost and Fellows. BRICETT, LITTLE, in the union and hundred of Bosmere and Claydon, E. division of Suffolk, 4^ miles (S. S. W.) from Needham-Market 3 containing 25 350 inhabitants. It was formerly a separate parish, but is now a hamlet to Offton: the living, a discharged rectory, was consolidated with the vicarage of OfFton, when the church fell into decay, about the year 1503. BRICKENDON,* a liberty, in the parish of All Saints, Hertford, union, hundred, and county of Hertford, 3 miles (S. by W.) from Hertford 3 contain- ing 757 inhabitants. BRICKHILL, BOW (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Newport-Pagnell, hundred of Newport, county of Buckingham, 2 miles (E.) from Fenny- Strat- ford 3 containing 566 inhabitants. The parish is inter- sected by the Roman VYatling- street, and comprises by computation 1550 acres, of which the soil is various, being sandy on the hills, and heavy clay in other parts : a very hard species of iron-stone is quarried for build- ing, and many females and children are employed in making lace and platting straw. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £15. 0. 2|., and in the patronage of Queen’s College, Cambridge 3 net income, £370. Land and annual money payments were assigned, under an inclosure act, in 1790, in lieu of tithes 3 the glebe consists of 250 acres. The church was enlarged a few years since. Mr. Charles Purrett, in 1633, left several bequests for charitable purposes. There is a national school, and the poor have 198 acres of heath land. The remains of the Roman station Magiovintum are still visible, and coins are frequently turned up by the plough. BRICKHILL, GREAT {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Newport-Pagnell, hundred of Newport, county of Buckingham, 2|r miles (S. E. by S.) from Fenny- Stratford 3 containing 7^1 inhabitants. The London and Birmingham railway passes within about a mile and a half of the church. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £18. 2. 11. 3 net income, £425 3 patron, P. P. Duncombe, Esq. : land was assigned, in 177L ill lieu of tithes, and other tithes have been recently commuted for a rent-charge of £80. There are places of worship for Baptists and Wesley ans 3 and a sum of £5 is annually contributed by Mrs. Duncombe for instructing a few children. BRICKHILL, LITTLE {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Newport-Pagnell, hundred of Newport, county of Buckingham, 2 miles (E. S. E.) from Fenny- Stratford 3 containing 563 inhabitants. This place, which is situated on the great road to Holyhead, was, at an early period, of considerable importance, and re- ceived the grant of a market by charter dated in 1228, which was held on Thursday : a fair was at the same time bestowed, to be held on the festival of St. Mary Magdalene, and, by subsequent charter, another, on May 12th 3 the latter is still held, and there is also one on the 18th of Oct., but both are insignificant. The assizes were formerly held here, and for the last time in 16383 the gallows stood upon a heath about a mile distant, and between the years 1561 and 1620 the names of forty-two executed criminal offenders appear among the burials in the parochial register. The parish comprises by computation 1254 acres 3 the quality of the soil is various, being a strong clay on the level ground, and on the hills a light sand. The manufacture of plat and lace affords employment to about 200 persons. Prior to the inclosure, in 179^^ living was a dis- charged vicarage, which it is still considered to be, or B R ID B R I D will be after the next presentation, although at present designated a perpetual curacy 5 it is in the patronage of the Archbishop of Canterbury, as impropriator of the rectory, which is valued in the king’s books at £9 5 net income, £ 119 . Under the inclosure act, land and annual money payments were assigned, in lieu of tithes 5 the glebe consists of 58 acres. The church is an ancient structure of English architecture. There is a place of worship for Wesleyaiis j and an endowment of £5 per annum is applied in teaching poor boys. Fine speci- mens of sulphate of lime have been found. BRICKLEHAMPTON, a chapelry, in the parish of St. Andrew, Pershore, union, and Upper division of the hundred, of Pershore, Pershore and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, miles (S. E.) from Pershore 5 containing 173 inhabitants. On the north, the parish is bounded by the river Avon, and it is inter- sected by the road between Evesham and Pershore 3 it contains 888 acres. The living, which is valued in the king’s books at £^. 14. ^., is annexed to the vicarage of St. Andrew, Pershore : the chapel is dedicated to St. Michael. BRIGKLETON, a ty thing, in the parish of Hurst- bourn -Tarrant, union of Andover, hundred of Pas- TROW, Kingsclere and N. divisions of the county of Southampton ; containing 145 inhabitants. BRIDEKIRK (St. Bridget), a parish, in the union of CocKERMOUTH, Allerdale Ward below Derwent, W. division of Cumberland 3 comprising the townships of Bridekirk, Great and Little Broughton, Dovenby, Papcastle, Ribton, and Tallentire 3 and containing 2113 inhabitants, of whom 121 are in the township of Bride- kirk, 2 miles (N. by W.) from Cockermouth. This parish, which takes its name from its patron saint, contains some quarries of limestone and white freestone, and extends about five miles along the northern bank of the river Derwent, near which the land is fertile 3 but a wet soil, incumbent on clay or limestone, prevails on its northern side. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10. 13. 4., and in the patronage of Mrs. Dykes 3 net income, £137; impro- priators, Mrs. Dykes, Earl of Lonsdale, William Brown and J. S. Fisher, Esqrs., and Captain Senhouse. The church is an ancient edifice, principally in the Norman style, but modernised a few years since, by the erection of a new tower, and the enlargement of several windows : it contains a singular font, which, according to Camden, was brought from the Roman station at Papcastle, ex- hibiting, in rude relief, various designs symbolical of the serpent and the forbidden fruit, the expulsion of Adam and Eve from Paradise, the baptism of Christ, &c., like- wise a Runic inscription. Sir Joseph Williamson, secre- tary of state in the reign of Charles II. 3 and Thomas Tickell, the poet and essayist, born in 16 S 6 , were natives of this place, each during the incumbency of his father. BRIDE (ST.) WENTLLOOG, a parish, in the union and division of Newport, Upper division of the hundred of Wentlloog, county of Monmouth, 5:| miles (S.) from Newport 3 containing 247 inhabitants. The parish comprises by computation 1300 acres, chiefly rich moor- land, and generally level 3 the river Usk runs to the east, and the Bristol Channel to the south. The living Js a vicarage, with Coedkernew united, valued in the king’s books at £4. 18. 1§. 3 patron and appropriator. Bishop of Llandaff. The tithes have been commuted for 351 a rent- charge of £62. 4., payable to the Bishop of Llan- daff, and £41. 19. to the incumbent 3 the glebe consists of one acre. BRIDE’S (ST.) NETHERWENT, a parish, in the union of Chepstow, Christchurch division and hundred of Caldicot, county of Monmouth, 8 miles (E. by N.) from Newport 3 containing 179 inhabitants, of whom 128 are in the township. This parish, with the hamlet of Landevenny, comprises by admeasurement about 1000 acres, chiefly arable and wood 3 the land of Lan- devenny is chiefly pasture. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 6 . I 6 . 3., and in the patronage of Thomas Perry, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £148, and the glebe consists of 52 acres. The church is an ancient struc- ture. BRIDEFORD (St. Thomas a Becket), a parish, in the union of St. Thomas, hundred of Wonford, Crockernwell and S." divisions of Devon, 4 miles (E. by N.) from Moreton Hampstead 3 containing 560 inhabitants. The rectory-house of Brideford was occupied by a detachment of parliamentarian forces, previously to their encounter with the royalists at Bo- vey-Heathfield, in the vicinity. The parish is bounded on the north and east by the river Teign, and intersected in the northern part by the main road from Exeter to Moreton 3 the number of acres is 4100, by computation. The soil is various, though generally fertile, and the subsoil is interspersed with mineral produce 3 some shafts have been sunk for lead and for manganese, with every reasonable prospect of success 3 and there are quarries of good granite, which is obtained and wrought for various purposes. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 15., and in the patronage of Sir Lawrence Vaughan Palk, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £375, and the glebe consists of 238 acres, with a house. The church, a handsome edifice, in the decorated and later English styles, was greatly enlarged and embellished in the reign of Henry VIII., and has an elegant rood-loft, with a fine screen, and a richly carved pulpit 3 the chancel is of much earlier date. In the granite rocks, to the north- west of the parish, are some singular caverns 3 and various celts and ancient coins have been found. BRIDDLESFORD, a hamlet, in the parish of Arre- ton, liberty of East Medina, Isle of Wight and S. divisions of the county of Southampton, 2f miles (E. N. E.) from Newport. Here was formerly a chapel. BRIDE STOWE (St. Bridget), a parish, in the union of Oakhampton, hundred of Litton, Lifton and S. divisions of Devon, 6 | miles (S. W.) from Oakhamp- ton 3 containing 1128 inhabitants. The parish comprises 3662 acres, of which 2337 are meadow and pasture, 1049 commons and moors, and 296 woodland 5 the soil is on a clay bottom, and the surface hilly, and inter- sected with some fruitful valleys 3 the tract of common was originally part of Dartmoor. The village is plea- santly situated on the mail road to Falmouth, and the surrounding scenery is enlivened by several seats. Fairs for cattle take place on the first Wednesday in June, and July 29th. The living is a rectory, with Sourton annexed, valued in the king’s books at £32. 17. 11. 3 net income, £424 3 patron. Bishop of Exeter : the glebe consists of 60 acres, with a corps land annexed, com- prising several estates, part of which has been disposed B R I D B II I D of to redeem the land-tax. The church exhibits some Norman details, and is approached by a stately avenue of lime-trees ; the tower was rebuilt, in 1830, at an expense of £590, and is a handsome embattled structure. On the recent destruction of a very old church, which had been converted into a poor-house, a perfect Roman arch was rescued from the ruins, and placed at the entrance of the churchyard. A school is partly supported by subscription. In ploughing a field at Millaton, in the parish, a sepulchral urn of stone, with a human skull, and some silver coins of king Richard II., were dis- covered. BRIDGE (St. Peter), a parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Bridge and Petham, lathe of St. Augustine, E. division of Kent, 3 miles (S. E. by S.) from Canterbury I containing 817 inhabitants. It comprises about 1152 acres; the surface is varied, and the soil in some parts is chalk, alternated with a rich and fertile loam. The village is situated on the mail road to Dovor, at the base of two considerable hills, and from the salubrity of the air, has much increased within •the last few years, and become the residence of many respectable families. The river Stour passes through the parish. The living is a vicarage, annexed to that of Patrixbourne : the church is principally in the Nor- man style, with a spire. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans ; and a school is chiefly supported by the vicar. The poor law union of Bridge comprises 22 parishes or places, and contains a population of 10,981 ; the workhouse is a plain brick building. BRIDGE-END, a hamlet, in the parish of Horb- EiNG, union of Bourne, wapentake of Aveland, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln ; containing 46 inha- bitants. BRIDGEFORD, GREAT, a hamlet, in the parish of Seighford, S. division of'the hundred of Pirehill, union, and N. division of the county, of Stafford ; con- taining 83 inhabitants. BRIDGEFORD, LITTLE, a hamlet, in the parish of Seighford, S. division of the hundred of Pirehill, union, and N. division of the county, of Stafford ; con- taining 154 inhabitants. BRIDGEND, a hamlet, in the parish of Bexley, union of Dartford, hundred of Lessness, lathe of Sutton-at-Hone, W. division of Kent; containing 138 inhabitants. BRIDGEHAM (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Guiltcross, hundred of Shropiiam, W. division of Norfolk, 2 miles (W. by S.) from East Harling ; con- taining 328 inhabitants. It comprises 2702a. 28p., of which 1248 acres are arable, 426 meadow, 846 heath and furze, 75 sheep-walk, and 35 plantation. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 1. 0|., and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £371, and the glebe comprises a little more than 15 acres. The church is chiefly in the decorated style, and consists of a nave and chancel, separated by a carved screen ; the font is large and curiously sculptured. There is a place of wmrship for We.sleyans ; and a school in connexion with the National Society was erected in 1840. BRIDGEMERE, a township, in the parish of Wy- bunbury, union and hundred of Nantwich, S. division of the county of Chester, 7 miles (S. E.) from Nant- wich ; containing 219 inhabitants. 352 BRIDGENORTH, a bo- rough and market -town, having separate jurisdiction, and the head of a union, locally in the hundred of Stottesden, S. division of Salop, 20| miles (S.E.)from Shrewsbury, and 140 (N. W.) from London; containing 5973 inhabitants, but in- cluding the liberty of Roms- ley, in the parish of Alveley, part of the parish of Quatt- Malvern, and the parishes of Oldbury, Tasley, and Abbots- Astley, 7539. This place, anciently called Brugia, Brug, and (including Little Brug) Bruges, derives its name from a bridge over the river Severn, built by the Saxons, and which, after many sanguinary conflicts with the Danes, they finally destroyed, to prevent the future incursions of these marauders. Upon the erection of a new bridge, about a mile and a half to the north of the former, it obtained the appellation of Brug North, whence its present name is deduced. Bridgenorth is supposed to have been founded by Ethelfleda, daughter of Alfred the Great : it was afterwards enlarged by Robert de Belesme, Earl of Shrewsbury, who erected, or probably rebuilt, the castle, and fortified the town with walls and six strong gates, some portions of which are still remaining. On the earl’s rebellion against his sovereign, Henry I., in 1102, the town and castle were besieged, and, after an obsti- nate defence, were surrendered to the victorious monarch, who gave them to Hugh de Mortimer, which grant was confirmed by Stephen ; but it appears to have been little more than nominal, since that king appointed Preepositi,"' or provosts, to collect the revenue for the crown. Mortimer having risen in rebellion against Henry II., that monarch laid siege to the castle, and nearly demolished it, and in this state it lay until the reign of John ; he afterwards confirmed to the inhabit- ants all the privileges and franchises which they had enjoyed under Henry I. In 1216, King John passed a day in the town, on his march to Worcester, where he was soon afterwards interred ; and in 1263, the place was taken by Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester. During the civil war in the reign of Charles I., Bridge- north, being a royal garrison, was, in 1646, attacked by the parliamentarians, who gained an entrance through the churchyard, and, the royalists retiring into the castle, set fire to the town, which was nearly consumed. The parliamentarians having made the Church of St. Leonard their magazine, the royalists planted cannon om the round tower of the castle, and setting fire to the church, the flames spread to an adjoining college, and entirely destroyed it. The castle was now closely invested, but being strongly fortified both by nature and art, it sus- tained a siege of three weeks without receiving any material injury. The besiegers, despairing of success, had begun to undermine the rock on which it was built, when the garrison, having exhausted all their ammuni- tion, capitulated on honourable terms, and retired to Worcester. The town is most romantically situated on the banks of the river Severn, which divides it into two parts, called Upper and Lower. The Upper Town is built on the summit and steep acclivities of a rock, rising abruptly Arms. B R I D B R I D to the height of 180 feet from the western bank of the river, and presents an appearance singularly picturesque. Crowning the summit of the rock, at the southern extremity, are the small ruins of the square tower of the castle, declining considerably from the perpendicular line, and the handsome modern church of St. Mary Mag- dalene 3 and at the northern extremity is the venerable church of St. Leonard, with its lofty square embattled tower, crowned with pinnacles. Upon the castle-hill walk, and forming a conspicuous object, is the reservoir, a capacious flat square tank, supported on lofty pillars of brick, and assuming at a distance the appearance of a handsome portico. On the side of the rock rising from the river are several successive tiers of detached house?, intermixed with caverns and rude dwellings, and interspersed with gardens, shrubberies, and lofty trees. The walk round the castle-hill is defended by a palisade, and commands a most extensive view of the surrounding country, which abounds with picturesque scenery, being richly diversified by cultivated fields, well- watered mea- dows, wood-crowned eminences, and barren rocks. Several streets, containing well-built houses, lead from St. Mary’s church into the High-street, parallel with which are others of a similar character. Over the river is a handsome stone bridge of six arches, leading into the Lower Town, the streets in which contain some modern and several ancient houses 3 among the latter is Cann Hall, a very antique structure in the Elizabethan style, wherein Prince Rupert resided, in 1642, when he addressed a letter to the jury empanelled for the choice of town officers, entreating them to select such men for their bailiffs as were well affected to his Majesty’s service.” The town is partially paved, and the inhabit- ants are supplied with soft water from the river, and with spring water from Oldbury, at the western extre- mity of the towuj. The public library in St. Leonard’s churchyard, a handsome octagonal brick building lighted by a dome, was founded by the Rev. Hugh Stackhouse, to whose memory a marble tablet has been erected over the fireplace : it was extended, by subscription, from a theological to a general library, and contained more than 4000 volumes 3 but is now chiefly restricted to theologi- cal works 3 and a new general library has been recently erected on the castle-hill. The theatre, a neat and com- modious edifice of stone, was erected in 1824, on part of the site of the ancient moat of the castle, accidentally discovered. Races are held in July, on a race-course adjoining to the town. The TRADE principally arises from the navigation of the river, which affords,every facility for the conveyance of goods 3 but it has declined in consequence of the more certain transit by canals : some vessels are built 3 and a great quantity of malt of very superior quality, and of grain, is sent to various parts of the country. The iron-trade has greatly declined 3 but there is a foun- dry where a good deal of casting is done, and nails are made to a small extent : two large carpet-manufactories have been lately established, and there is a considerable manufactory for tobacco-pipes. The market, held on Saturday, is abundantly supplied with wheat, barley, and beans, to the growth of which the land in the neigh- bourhood is particularly favourable. The fairs are on the third Tuesday in Feb. 3 third Tuesday in March, for borned-cattle and sheep 3 May 1st, a pleasure and sta- tute fair 5 third Tuesday in June, for wool and cattle 5 VoL. I. — 353 first Tuesday in Aug., for lamb’s-wool and cattle 3 thir Tuesday in Sept., for cattle, sheep, and cheese 3 Oc 29th, a large fair for salt butter, cheese, hops, an nuts 3 and on the first Tuesday after the Shrewsbur December fair, which is a great fair for cattle an general merchandise. Seal now disused. Present Seal, The town is a borough by prescription : the firs charter respecting w’nich there is any certainty wa granted by King John, in the l6th of his reign, an subsequent charters were bestowed by Henry III. an VI. By the act of the 5th and 6th of William IV., c^ 76, the corporation now consists of a mayor, four aldei men, and twelve councillors 3 the mayor is a justice c the peace, and there are thirteen other magistratej appointed by a separate commission. A court of recorc for the recovery of debts to any amount, is held beloi the recorder 3 and petty-sessions are held by the mayc and borough justices, once a fortnight. The municipc limits of the borough comprehend the parishes of Si Mary, St. Leonard, part of Quatford, and the liberty c Quat- Jarvis. The borough received the elective franchis in the 23rd of Edward I., and from that time has con tinned to return two members to parliament : the rigb of election was formerly vested in all the burgessei whether resident or not, but is now, by the act of th 2nd of William IV., cap. 45, confined to the residen burgesses within seven miles, and extended to the householders. The mayor is returning officer. Th borough was formerly co-extensive with the parishes c St. Mary and St. Leonard, comprising 1081 acres 3 bu for parliamentary purposes now embraces 7358 acre; The town-hall, erected about the year 1646, is a spaciou building of timber frame-work and plaster, supporte* on pillars and arches of brick, forming a covered are for the use of the market : above, is a large room wherein the public business of ^the corporation is trans acted, besides a smaller apartment, in which meeting of the council are held. Bridgenorth comprises the parishes of St, Mary Mag dalene and St, Leonard, containing, respectively, 2TT» and 2997 inhabitants 3 and gives name to a royal pecu liar, of which Thomas Whitmore, Esq., is lay dean The living of St. Mary Magdalene’s is a perpetua curacy 3 patron and impropriator, Mr .| Whitmore, whosi tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £90 The church, formerly the chapel belonging to the castle and exempted by King John from all ecclesiastical juris diction, was made parochial in the 4th of Edward III. and rebuilt of freestone, in 1792 : it is a handsom( edifice, in the Grecian style, with a lofty to\\er, sur mounted by a cupola. The living of St. Leonard s ij 2 Z B R I D B R I D 0 a perpetual curacy 5 patron and impropriator, Mr. here, and a cave in a rock, still called the Hermitage, is hitmore, whose tithes have been commuted for £100. supposed to have been his solitary abode. On a portion e church, once collegiate, was erected, in 1448, on the of this tract are five tumuli in quincunx, under some of e of a structure raised in the reign of Richard I. : it which the remains of human skeletons have been dis- s originally a magnificent edifice, comprising seven covered. The sylvan features of the forest have long Ferent chapels, the arches leading into which from the since disappeared, and the whole, comprising between jsent nave, and now walled up, are still discernible. 5000 and 6000 acres, was inclosed in 1815. Dr. Thomas suffered greatly while in the possession of the parlia- Percy, Bishop of Dromore, in Ireland, and compiler of ntarians, during the civil war, and now consists only Reliques of Ancient English Poetry,” was born at a nave, one aisle, and a chancel. There are places of Bridgenorth in 1728. rship for Baptists, Independents, and Wesleyans. BRIDGE-RULE, a parish, in the union of Hols- e free grammar school was established in 1503, and worthy, partly in the hundred of Black Torrington, 3 three exhibitions to Christ-Church College, Oxford, Holsworthy and N. divisions of Devon, and partly in inded by Mr. Careswell, in 1689 j the property, the hundred of Stratton, E. division of Cornwall, ich is chiefly in land near the town, in 1820 pro- 4 miles (W.) from Holsworthy 3 containing 497- inha- ced an annual income of nearly £1500, subject to bitants, of whom 276 are in the western or Cornwall tain deductions. The Blue-coat charity-school, kept portion, and 221 in the eastern or Devonshire portion, an old castellated brick building, over one of the The parish, which comprises by computation 3600 acres, 2ient gates, was instituted in 1720, and is supported and is situated on the Tamar, derives its name from a rtly by a small endowment arising from benefactions bridge over that river, and from Ruald, or Reginald, }ted in the funds. There is also a national school, lord of the manor soon after the Conquest. That part intained by subscription. The hospital in St. Leo- in Cornwall is intersected by the Bude canal, cut chiefly rd’s churchyard, for ten aged widows, was founded in for the conveyance of sand to Launceston, the road ^ 7 , by the Rev. Francis Palmer, rector of Sandby, in from which place to Stratton also passes through it, dfordshire; and the almshouses in Church-laiie, en- The soil is various, about one-half being good arable ved with estates producing £158 per annum, under and pasture land, and the remainder moor and marsh; 1 direction of the trustees of charities within the the substratum is chiefly clay, with a deep mould above, rough, are for twelve widows or single daughters of where the soil is good ; the surface, in general, is hilly, rgesses. The poor law union of Bridgenorth com- Stone is quarried for road-making and building pur- ses 29 parishes or places, and contains a population poses. A fair is held on the 21st of June. The living 16,118. is a discharged vicarage, endowed with a portion of the At the southern extremity of the High-street is part rectorial tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £14 5 an arch which formed the entrance to the castle, also net income, £150 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. T. H, ne portions of the walls, which inclosed an area of Kingdon 5 impropriators of the remainder of the great irteen acres 3 and at the northern extremity of the tithes, the Landowners. The land appertaining to the vn, on the western bank of the river, are the remains vicarage consists of about 160 acres, and an excellent a convent of Grey friars, which have been converted glebe-house has just been finished. The church, which :o a malt-house : the great hall, or refectory, is still stands in Devonshire, has a tower cased with granite, arly in its pristine state, and the panelled oak ceiling. There are places of worship for Primitive and Wes- 3 stone fireplace, and many of the windows, though leyan Methodists, a national school, and a house, called i lights are stopped with plaster, are still in entire the Church-house, for the poor. 3servation. About a quarter of a mile south of the BRIDGE-SOLLERS {St, Andrew), a parish, in wer Town was an ancient hospital for lazars, converted, the union of Weobly, hundred of Grimsworth, county the reign of Edward IV., into a priory, and now a of Hereford, 6| miles (W. N. W.) from Hereford 3 vate mansion. In making the shrubberies to the containing 65 inhabitants. The parish comprises 725«. rth of the house, in 1823, thirty-seven bodies were 9p., of which 360 acres are pasture, 355 arable, and 10 5covered lying in rows, within eighteen inches from woodland. It is intersected by the river Wye, and partly s surface, having evidently been buried in winding bounded on the west by a portion of OfFa’s Dyke, which eets and without coffins : they were in good preserva- here abuts upon the left bank of that stream 3 and it is m, the teeth still retaining their enamel : some slight crossed from east .to west by the road from Hereford to stiges of the church may be traced in the walls of the Kington. The living is a discharged vicarage, endowed t-buildings. There are also remains of several for- with a portion of the rectorial tithes, and valued in the [cations in the neighbourhood, it having been the king’s books at £8. 10. : the whole tithes have been sne of frequent battles between the Saxons and the commuted for a rent- charge of £178. 4., of which £45 ines. About a mile south of the town, on the eastern belong to Sir J. G. Cotterell, Bart., the patron, £23 to nk of the river, is a large mount, with a trench on all the Dean and Chapter of Hereford, and £110. 4. to the les except the west, on which it is defended by a incumbent, who has also a glebe of an acre, cky precipice overhanging the Severn, where Robert BRIDGETOWN, a township, in the parish of Montgomery had a strongly- fortified palace. About Berry-Pom eroy, union of Totnes, hundred of Hay- If a mile eastward lay the ancient forest of Morfe, tor, S. division of Devon 3 containing 644 inhabit- lich, in Leland’s time, was a hilly ground, well ants. 3oded 3 a forest, or chace, having deer,” and for which BRIDGFORD, EAST {St, Mary), a parish, in the forester and steward were appointed from the time of union of Bingham, N. division of the wapentake of iward I. to that of Elizabeth. The brother of King Bingham, S. division of the county of Nottingham, thelstan is stated to have passed the life of a hermit 3 miles (N. by W.) from Bingham 3 containing IIIO 354 B R I D B RID inhabitants. Here was the ancient Margidunum of the Romans, numerous relics of whom have been discovered in the vicinity, particularly gold, silver, and brass coins of various emperors. Stukeley describes the place as lying within a mile of the ancient station. Ad Pontem, and adds, that " the Romans had a bridge across the Trent, with great buildings, cellars, and a quay for ves- sels to unload at 3” and, near a place, called the Old- Wark Spring, were found, according to the same autho- rity, Roman foundations of walls, and floors of houses, composed of stones set edgeways into clay, and liquid mortar run upon them.” The manor was given, after the Conquest, to Roger de Busli, who assigned the tithes x)f the Hall in Brugeford to the priory of Blyth 3 and the estate was subsequently held, in succession, by the families of Carpenter, Biset, Caltoft, Brabazon, Ba- singburn, Beyncourt, and Botelar, the last of whom, in the 8th of Edward IV., gave their moiety to William^ Bishop of Winchester, who bestowed it on Magdalene College, which he had founded at Oxford ; the other moiety afterwards passed from Lord Sheffield to the Hackers, Chaworths, Scroopes, &c. The parish comprises by computation 1777 acres, and is bounded on the north by the Trent, and on the south by the Fosse road, leading from Newark to the Nottingham and Grantham road : the soil is loamy, intermixed with some good tillage and pasture land, and the surface hilly towards the north. The river affords facilities for the conveyance of coal, grain, and other articles 3 and the manufacture ^f cotton stockings and lace is carried on to a moderate extent.^ In the 35th of Edward III., a market was granted to be held on Tuesdays, and two fairs yearly 3 but no record exists of their having been held. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19. 8. 6^.3 net income, £752 3 patrons. President and Fellows of Magdalene College, Oxford. Under an inclosure act, in 1798, 284 acres of land were assigned in lieu of tithes 3 and there are 40 acres of glebe, and an excellent residence. The church was rebuilt about sixty years since, but conside- rably reduced from its former dimensions : it had pre- viously much glass, embellished with the arms of lords of the manor : it has a square tower. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and two national schools have been built, chiefly at the expense of the rector, aided by the National Society and Magdalene College. At a place called Castle Hill, on the Fosse road, a Roman fibula, in good preservation, was found in 1828. There is an abundance of a fine species of gypsum. BRIDGFORD, WEST {St. Giles), a parish, in the union of Basford, partly in the S. division of the wa- pentake of Bingham, but chiefly in the N. division of the wapentake of Rushcliffe, S. division of the county of Nottingham, 2 miles (S. S. E.) from Nottingham 3 containing, with the hamlet of Gampston, 332 inhabit- ants. This parish, which is bounded on the north by the river Trent, and intersected by the Grantham canal, comprises 1078a. Ir. 15p. 3 the soil is gravelly, with the exception of the rich meadow and grazing land on the banks of the Trent, and towards the hills, where it is strong and clayey ; the surface rises gradually from the northern extremity of the parish to Edwalton, which bounds it on the south. The living is a rectory, valued m the king’s books at £16. 14. 2., and in the patronage of John Musters, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £437. 10., and the glebe comprises 355 nearly 34 acres, with a good house. The church is an ancient edifice, affording accommodation to 300 persons., At each of the hamlets of Basingfield and Gampston is a place, called Chapel Yard, the supposed site of an ancient chapel. The Rev. William Thompson, late rec- tor, endowed a school with £20 per annum. BRIDGHAMPTON, a tything, in the parish of Yeo- viLTON, union of Yeovil, hundred of Somerton, W. division of Somerset, 2| miles (E. N. E.) from Ilchester 3 containing 87 inhabitants. BRIDGWATER {St. Mary), a port, borough, market- town, and parish, having separate jurisdiction, and the head of a union, locally in the hundred of North Petherton, W. di- vision of Somerset, 35 miles (S. W.) from Bristol, and 137 (W. by S.) from Lon- don 3 containing 10,449 in- habitants. This place de- Arms rived its name from Walter de Douay, one of William’s followers, on whom it was bestowed at the time of the Conquest, and was thence called Burgh Walter” and ^‘Brugge Walter,” by which names, both signifying Walter’s burgh, or borough, it is designated in various ancient records. William de Bri- were, to whom it was granted in the reign of Henry II., built a castle in the following reign, combining the strength of a fortress with the splendour of a baronial residence, and obtained from King John the grant of a market and a fair. He founded the hospital of St. John, for a master, brethren, and thirteen poor persons of the order of St. Augustine, the revenue of which, at the Dissolution, was £120. 19. ij. 5 and he also constructed the haven, and began to erect a stone bridge of three arches over the river Parret, which was completed by Sir Thomas Trivet, in the reign of Edward I. His son William founded a monastery for Grey friars, about 1230, and dedicated it to St. Francis. The barons, during their revolt against Henry III., took possession: of the town in 1260. In the civil war of the 17th century, the inhabitants embraced the royal cause, and the castle being strongly fortified, the people of the sur- rounding district deposited therein their money, plate, &c. ; the parliamentarians under Fairfax invested the town, and laid close siege to the castle, which was reso- lutely defended 5 but the town having been fired on both sides of the bridge, the garrison capitulated on terms of personal indemnity, and surrendered the fortress, with all the treasure in it, and 1000 prisoners, into the hands of the enemy. The castle, which had sustained con- siderable damage during the siege, was demolished in 1645, and the sally-port and some detached portions of the walls are ail that now remain.. In the reign of James II. the inhabitants favoured the pretensions of the Duke of Monmouth, who, on his arrival from Taun- ton, was received with great ceremony by the corpora- tion, and proclaimed king. He remained for some time in the town, and having, from the tower of the church, reconnoitred the royal army encamped on Sedgemoor, he rashly resolved to hazard the battle that terminated so fatally to his ambition. His adherents in the town suffered greatly for their attachment to his cause, under 2 Z 2 BRID B RID the legal severity of Jeffreys^ and the military executions of Kirke. The TOWN is pleasantly situated in a well- wooded and nearly level part of the county, the view being bounded on the north-east by the Mendip hills, and on the west by the Quantock hills : the river Parret divides it into two parts, connected by a handsome iron bridge of one arch. The western part is particularly clean. The streets are spacious and well paved, and the town is lighted with gas, under an act obtained in 1834 ; the houses, chiefly of brick, are uniform and well-built j and there is an ample supply of excellent water from springs. In the eastern part, termed Eastover, very great improve- ment has been effected. The foreign trade consists in the importation of wine, hemp, tallow, and timber ; but the trade of the port is principally coastwise. Coal is brought free of duty from Monmouthshire and Wales, and is conveyed into the interior of the country by a canal to Taunton, Tiverton, Ilminster, and Chard, and by the river to Langport and Ilchester : in 1837, an act was obtained to enable the company of proprietors to continue the line of the canal below the town. That portion of the Bristol and Exeter railway, extending from Bristol to Bridgwater, was opened June 14th, 1841. The quay, which has been recently improved, is accessible to ships of 200 tons’ burthen, and furnished with every appendage requisite for the convenience of commerce. Within a few years the trade of the port has been very much increased, and is still increasing. The principal source of employment is the making of bricks for general use, and scouring-bricks j the latter composed of a mixture of clay and sand deposited by the river : they are usually called Bath or Elanders’ brick, and this is the only place in the kingdom where they are made. The market-days are Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday ^ Thursday’s market is for cheese, corn and cattle, and is much frequented. The market-house, lately erected, is a handsome building, surmounted with a dome and lan- tern, and having a semi-circular portico of the Ionic order. The fairs are on the first Monday in Lent, J uly 24th, October 2nd (which continues for three days), and December 27th. The first charter of in- corporation was bestowed in the reign of John, and others were subsequently granted by Edward II. and III., Henry IV., VII., and VIII., Mary, Elizabeth, James I., and Charles I. and II. Under the act of the 5th and 6th of William IV., c.76, the corporation now consists of a mayor, 6 aldermen, and . o ? 18 councillors 5 the number Corporation Seal, of magistrates is 13. The borough first sent representa- tives to parliament in the 23rd of Edward I., since which time it has continued to return two members. The right of election was formerly vested in the inhabitants re- sident within the borough (which comprised 158 acres), paying scot and lot 3 but it has been extended, by the act of the 2nd of William IV., cap. 45, to the £10 householders of an enlarged district, containing 742 acres, which, both for parliamentary and municipal pur- poses, forms the present borough : the mayor is the 356 returning officer. The corporation hold quarterly courts of session for the trial of all offenders, except those accused of capital crimes 3 and a court of record for the recovery of debts to any amount. The summer assizes, alternately with Wells, and the summer-sessions for the county, are held here. The judges’ mansion is a hand- some modern edifice, containing apartments tor the judges, the borough court-rooms, and a room for the grand jury. The borough prison contains distinct de- partments for debtors and criminals, the latter of whom are only confined here previously to trial, or to their committal to the county gaol. The living is a vicarage, with the rectory of Chilton Trinity united, valued in the king’s books at £11. 7. 6., and in the patronage of the Crown, with a net income of £342 : the impropriation belongs to the corporation. The parish church is an ancient and handsome structure, wnth a square embattled tower and a lofty spire : it has a rich porch in the deco- rated style of English architecture, and the altar is embellished with a fine painting of the Descent from the Cross, found on board a captured French privateer, and presented by the Hon. A. Poulett. An additional church, containing 1093 sittings, of which 575 are free, in con- sideration of a grant of £500 from the Incorporated Society, was completed, at a cost of £3496, and conse- crated in August 1837 : the living is a perpetual curacy, and was augmented, in 1842, with £81 per annum by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. A third church, dedi- cated to ^ the Holy Trinity, was erected in 1840, at an expense of £4000, and was consecrated on the 16th of June, in that year : it is a handsome structure in the later English style, and contains 1100 sittings : a good altar-piece was presented by Mr. Baker, an artist. There are places of worship for Baptists, the Society of Friends, Independents, Wesleyans, Unitarians, and others. The free grammar school was founded in 1561, and endowed by Queen Elizabeth with £6. 13. 4. per annum, charged on the tithes, to which two donations of £100 each were added : it is under the control of the corporation, who appoint the master, and under the inspection of the bishop of the diocese. A school, now conducted on Dr. Bell’s sj^stem, was established by Dr. John Morgan, in 1723, and endowed with 97 acres of land 5 the management is exercised by charity trustees appointed by the lord chancellor, under the Municipal Act. A school was also instituted in I78I, by Mr. Edward Fackerell, who endowed it with the dividends on £3000 in the three per cent, consols., and rents, producing together an annual income of £174, for educating the children of his relatives. There are like- wise a national, and a Lancasterian, school. Almshouses, originally endowed by Major Ingram, of Westminster, with £18 per annum, are now appropriated to the poor, and the endowment is distributed among poor widows. The infirmary, a commodious building, was established in 1813, and is supported by subscription. The union of Bridgwater comprises 40 parishes or places, and con- tains a population of 31,778* Admiral Blake was born here in 1599, and received the rudiments of his educa- tion in the grammar school. BRIDLINGTON, or Burlington (St. Mary), a parish, and the head of a union, in the wapentake of Dickering, E. riding of York 3 comprising the town- ships of Bridlington, Buckton, Hilderthorpe with Wils- thorpe, and Sewerby with Marton, the hamlet of Easton> B R I D B R I D and the chapelries of Grindall and Speeton ; and con- taining 6070 inhabitants, of whom 5162 are in the sea- port and market-town of Bridlington with Quay, 3310 being in tlie town portion, and 1 852 forming the Quay portion; 38 miles (E. N. E.) from York, and 201 (N.) from London. This place is supposed to be of great anti- quity, and to have had a Roman station in its immediate vicinity, as well as to have been afterwards occupied by the Saxons. The manor was given by William the Conqueror to Earl Morcar^ and subsequently, upon his attainder in 1072, to Gilbert de Gaunt, and is described in the Domesday survey as having a church and four burgesses. Walter, the son of Gilbert, greatly improved the town, and founded a magnificent priory for Augus- tine canons, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Its com- manding situation at the east end of the town gave it a fine prospect of the sea, but at the same time exposed it to the attacks of the enemy’s ships, which frequently entered the harbour ; it was, therefore, in 1388, by per- mission of Richard II., defended with fortifications, the only Remains of which are an arched gateway, with a room over it, occasionally used as the town-hall, and some cells underneath, serving for a temporary prison. This priory flourished till the dissolution of monastic institutions, when William Wode, the last prior, was executed for high treason, in 1537, upon the charge of being concerned in a rebellion of the same nature as that denominated the Pilgrimage of Grace.” In 1643, the Queen of Charles I. bringing a supply of arms and ammunition from Holland, purchased with the crown jewels, narrowly escaped the squadron under Batten, the parliamentary admiral, who, after the Queen’s debarka- tion, bombarded the town. In 177 a desperate naval fight took place off the coast by moonlight, between the noted pirate, Paul Jones, and two British ships of war : the latter, after a sanguinary contest of two hours, w'ere compelled to yield, being overpowered by a greatly supe- rior force. The TOWN is pleasantly situated on a gentle acclivity, in the recess of a beautiful bay, about a mile from the sea, and consists principally of one long street, inter- sected by some smaller ones, irregularly formed and narrow ; the houses are in general ancient and of good appearance, and the inhabitants are amply supplied with water. About a mile to the south-east is Bridling- ton Quay, a small, handsome, and well-built town. The town and quay are lighted with gas, from works erected midway between both in 1833, at the cost of £4000, This part of the town is much frequented for sea-bathing, and contains hot and cold baths fitted up for the accommodation of visiters. About a quarter of a mile from the quay is a chalybeate spring, in much repute for its medicinal properties ; and, in the harbour, an ebbing and flowing spring was discovered in 1811, that furnishes an abundant supply of fresh water. The quay, which has been rebuilt, affords an agreeable pro- menade ; and the two piers forming the harbour, stretching out a considerable distance into the sea, command extensive prospects, especially the northern pier, from which are fine views of Flamborough Head and Bridlington Bay. The harbour affords a retreat to numerous coasting vessels during contrary winds ; and the bay, protected from the north-west winds by the coast, and from the north winds by the noble promon- tory of Flamborough Head, offers safe anchorage for 357 ships in gales of wind. In 1837> an act was obtained for improving the piers and harbour, and for rendering it more commodious and safe as a harbour of refuge. The port is a member of the port of Hull. There is a small manufactory for hats : the trade in corn, malt, and ale, formerly flourishing, declined after the opening of the Driffield canal to Hull, but subsequently the trade in corn improved, and in 1826 an exchange was built in the market-place, which is well attended : there are several windmills for corn, and a steam-mill for grinding bones for manure. The market is on Saturday ; and fairs for cattle, linen, and woollen-cloth, &c., are held on the Monday before Whitsuntide and October the twenty- first. The LIVING is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £138 ; patrons. Trustees of the late Rev. C. Simeon : the im- propriation belongs to Mrs. Harlan d. Under an mclo- sure act, in 1768, land and a money payment were assigned to the impropriator in lieu of all tithes, with certain exceptions for the township of Bridlington. The church is a part of the ancient edifice belonging to the priory, formerly a magnificent structure of unrivalled beauty, and abounding with details of the most exqui- site richness, but now lamentably mutilated ; the central tower has been removed, the two towers at the western end have been made level with the nave, and the chancel and transepts destroyed : 210 additional seats have been added by a gallery and sittings underneath, at the cost of £300, of which sum the Incorporated Society gave £150. A handsome district church, erected at Bridling- ton Quay, on a site given by John Rickaby, Esq., was commenced in July 1840, and opened for divine service on May 23rd following, having been completed at a cost of £2300, raised partly by subscription, and partly by grants from the Incorporated Society, and Her Majesty s Commissioners for Building Churches : it contains 611 sittings, of which 320 are free ; and the living is a curacy, in the patronage of the Incumbent of Bridlington. There are places of worship for Baptists, the Society of Friends, Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists, and Inde- pendents. The free grammar school for twenty boys W’as founded by William Hustler, in 1637^ and endowed with a rent-charge of £40. A considerable donation in land at Birdsall was given by William Bower, in I67O, for teaching tw^elve girls knitting : the mistress is al- lowed one-third of the endowment of £40 per annum. National schools for 250 children, and two infants schools, are supported by subscription, and the poor have several considerable bequests. The union of Brid- lington comprises 32 parishes or places, and contains a population of 13,059. Numerous fossil remains have been found ; and in the vicinity the head of an enor- mous elk was discovered, the extremities of the horns being more than eleven feet apart. Sir George Ripley, a celebrated alchymist of the fifteenth century, author of a treatise on the philosopher’s stone, and, in the earlier part of his life, a canon of Bridlington ; William de Newburgh, an eminent historian in the reign of John ; John de Bridlington, prior of the monastery, and author of “ Carmina Faticinalia,"^ who died in 1379 j and Richard Boyle, Earl of Burlington, a great patron of the fine arts, whose title was derived from this place, and became extinct at his death in 1753 ; were natives of Bridlington. Burlington now gives the title of Earl to Lord George A. H. Cavendish, created in 1831. B R I D B R 1 D BRIDPORT {St. Mary), a sea-port, borough, market- town, and parish, having separate jurisdiction, and the head of a union, in the Bridport division of Dorset, 14|- miles (W.) from Dor- chester, and 134 (W. S. W.) from London, on the high road to Exeter ; containing 4787 inhabitants. This was c / AT ' -rr .• a town of some importance oea/ of the JSew torpor ation. . r j xi, ^ in the time or Edward the Confessor, and is mentioned in Domesday book as hav- ing a mint and an ecclesiastical establishment. During the civil war in the reign of Charles I. it was garrisoned by the parliament 5 but, not being a place of much strength, was alternately in the possession of each party. In 1685 it was surprised by some troops in the interest of the Duke of Monmouth, under Lord Grey, ■which were defeated by the king’s forces, and twelve of the principal insurgents were afterwards executed. The TOWN is situated in a fertile vale surrounded by hills, having on the west the river Bride, or Brit, from which it takes its name, and on the east the Asher, over which are several bridges : these rivers unite a little below the town, and fall into the sea at the harbour, about a mile and a half to the south of it. It is chiefly formed by three spacious streets, containing many handsome modern houses, and is partially paved, amply supplied with water, and well lighted with gas. A mechanics' in- stitution, containing a reading-room, and lecture and class-rooms, has been built at the expense of H. Warbur- ton. Esq., one of the late representatives of the borough. The TRADE of the port consists principally in the im- portation of hemp, flax, and timber, from Russia and the Baltic, and timber from America and Norway : there is also a considerable coasting trade, by which the adjacent towns are supplied with coal from the north of England, with culm from Wales, and with other articles of general consumption. Many coasting vessels, particularly smacks, for the trading companies of Scotland, are built at this port, and are considered remarkable for strength, beauty, and fast sailing. The harbour is situated at the bottom of the bay, which is formed by Portland Point, on the east, and the headlands near Torbay on the west, about one mile to the south of the town : the present communication is by an excellent road, and it has been in contemplation to cut a ship canal to the town 5 but, in consequence of the great expense, this design is for the present abandoned. An act for restoring and rebuilding it was obtained in the 8th of George L, the preamble to which recites that, by reason of a great sickness that had swept away the greater part of the wealthy inhabitants, and other acci- dents, the haven was choked with sand, and the piers had fallen into ruins : the work was begun in 174^, and, by the expenditure of large sums, great improvement was made. Another act was obtained in 1823, since which more than £20,000, raised on the security of the rates and duties, has been expended, so that the har- bour is now perfectly safe and commodious. This is a bonding 'port for wines, spirits, hemp, iron in bars, timber, tallow, hides, and other articles : the amount of import duties is somewhat more than £6200 per an- 358 num. The principal articles of manufacture are nets, lines, small twine, shoe-thread, girth- webbing, cordage,, and sail-cloth, for the use of the home and colonial fisheries, particularly for those of Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, in which 10,000 persons are generally employed in the town and neighbourhood. In the reign of Henry VIII., the cordage for the whole of the English navy was ordered to be made at Bridport, or within five miles of it exclusively. The markets are on Wednesday and Saturday 5 and fairs are held on April 6th and Oct. 11th, for horses, horned- cattle, and cheese, and there is a smaller fair on Holy-Thursday. The GOVERNMENT, Until recently, was regulated by charter of incorporation, originally granted by Henry 111., confirmed by Richard 11., Henry VII., Edward VI., and Elizabeth, and renewed and extended by James I. and Charles II. 3 but by the act of the 5th and 6th of William IV., c. 76, the ^ ^ , corporation now consists Old Corporation Seal. ^ aldermen, and eighteen councillors 3 and the borough has been divided into the north and south wards, the muni- cipal and parliamentary boundaries being the same : the number of magistrates is eight. The elective franchise was conferred in the 23rd of Edward I., since which time the borough has regularly returned two members to parliament. The right of election was formerly vested in the inhabitants of the borough (which comprised 92 acres), paying scot and lot, in number about 250 3 but the act of the 2nd of William IV., cap. 45, has extended it to the £10 householders of an enlarged district, con- taining by computation 388 acres. The mayor is re- turning officer. The town-hall is a handsome building of brick and Portland stone, containing, in the upper story, a large room for judicial and other purposes, a council chamber, town-clerk’s offices, &c. : it was erected, in 1786, on the site of the ancient chapel of St. Andrew, in the centre of the town, by an act of parliament. There is also a lock-up house for the confinement of prisoners before committal. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 12. 3^. 3 net income, £1663 patron, Earl of Ilchester. The church, which appears to have been erected in the reign of Henry VII., about 1485, is a handsome and spacious cruciform structure, chiefly in the later English style, with a square embattled tower, seventy-two feet high, rising from the centre, and crowned with pinnacles : it contains many interesting monuments 3 among which is an altar- tomb of William, son of Sir Eustace Dabrige- court, of Hainault, related to Queen Philippa. There are places of worship for the Society of Friends, Inde- pendents, Wesley ans, and Unitarians. The free school was founded and endowed, in 1 708, by Daniel Taylor, one of the Society of Friends. There are almshouses and other charities, under the management of trustees, appointed in 1837, by the court of chancery. A hand- some stone building for the poor law^ union of Bridport, and a register and other offices, have been lately erected ^ the union comprises nineteen parishes and places, and contains a population of 16,695. Turtle stone and BRIE BRIG cornua ammonis are found in the neighbouring quarries^ and copperas Sitones on the beach, about four miles west of the harbour. There were formerly several religious houses here, ^mong which, were the priory of St. John, anl^d the chapels of St. Leonard, St. Michael, and St. A-i^drew, of there are not any remains. Bridport £716. "jl 9. 9. are payable to the Archbishop of York, and £il4. 8. 2. to the vicar of the parish ; and there is a glebe of 1;^ acre. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans ; and a parochial school has been built by .subscription at South Hiendly. On the lofty hill of Ring- ^stea,d is a venerable oak, measuring thirteen yards in circumference, the hollow of which is sufficient to admit of six men sitting round a table. 359 BRIERLY - HILL, a chapelry, in the parish of King’s-Swinford, union of Stourbridge, N. division of the hundred of Seisdon, S. division of the county of Stafford, 2^ miles (N. N. E.) from Stourbridge. The vicinity abounds with collieries and iron-works on a large scale ; and steam-boilers, and various other heavy articles in iron, are made here. The living is a per- petual curacy, in the patronage of Dr. Penfold, the impropriator, with a net income of £150 : the chapel, now a district church, was erected in I767. A national, school for 500 children has been erected. BRIERS, county of York. — See Owram, South. BRIERSCLIFFE, with Extwistle, a township, in the parish of Wh alley, union of Burnley, Higher division of the hundred of Blackburn, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 3 miles (N. E.) from Burnley ; containing 1498 inhabitants. A district churchy dedi- cated to St. James, has been erected, of which the living is a perpetual curacy, with a net income of £150. BRIERTON, a township, in the parish of Stran- TON, union of Stockton-upon-Tees, N. E. division of Stockton ward, S. division of the county of Durham, 8^ miles (E. N. E.) from Stockton ; containing 27 in- habitants. The manor belonged from the earliest date of the records to the family of Graystock ; it afterwards passed to the Dacres ; and Lord William Howard, who married Elizabeth, younger sister and coheiress of George, Lord Dacre, seems to have had the Durham estates on partition with his brother, the Earl of Arun- del, husband of Anne, the elder sister. The place was subsequently the property of the Blacketts. BRIERY- COTTAGES, and Greta-Mills, an extra- parochial district, connected with the chapelry of St. John Castlerigg, parish of Crosthwaite, union of Cockermouth, Allerdale ward below Derwent, W. division of Cumberland ; containing 100 inhabitants. BRIERYHURST, or Brerehurst, a hamlet, in the parish of Wolstanton, union of Wolstanton and Burslem, N. division of the hundred of Pirehill and of the county of Stafford, 5| miles (N.) from Newcastle; containing 1518 inhabitants. This place comprises an area of 922 acres, and includes the eastern portion of Merocop, a rugged and lofty hill, dividing the counties of Stafford and Chester : the district is rich in mineral produce, and the hamlet contains mines of coal and iron-stone, which are extensively w^orked at Kuds- grove and the immediate vicinity, and in the adjoining hamlet of Ranscliff. Several blast furnaces for smelting iron-ore have been erected by Thomas 'Kinnersly, Esq. A very handsome church has been built and endowed by Mr. Kinnersly, capable of accommodating 400 per- sons ; it has a tower, in which are a peal of six bells, and a clock; and nearly adjoining are a handsome parsonage and a school-house, erected by the same gentleman : they are all situated in a secluded spot, embosomed in woods, and have a picturesque appear- ance. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BRIGG. — See Glandford-Brigg. BRIGHAM (St. Bridget), a parish, comprising the borougli and market-town of Cockermouth, and the townships of Blindbothel, Brigham, Buttermere, Eaglesfield, Embleton, Gray-Southan, Mosser, ^etmur- thy, and Whinfell, in the union of Cockermouth, Allerdale ward above Derwent, W. division of Cum- berland ; and containing 7397 inhabitants, of whom BRIG BRIG 490 are in tile township of Brigham, ^ miles (W.) from Cockermouth. This parish is situated among the lakes Bassenthwaite, Buttermere, Crummock, and Loweswater, which, with the rivers Derwent and Maron, form its boundaries 5 and it is intersected by the Cocker, which falls into the Derwent at Cockermouth. The surface is hilly, but, since the inclosure of the waste lands, the high grounds have been chiefly brought into cultivation : there are quarries of limestone, freestone, and blue slate, and a mine of coal has been opened. The village, which contains some respectable dwelling-houses, is built upon an eminence on the south bank of the Derwent, com- manding a richly diversified prospect. The place is within the honour of Cockermouth, and the copyhold tenants attend at the court of dimissions held there at Christmas, and at the courts leet of the Earl of Egremont as lord paramount, which are held at Easter and Michaelmas. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £^0. 1 6. O5.3 net income, £190 3 patron and impropriator, Earl of Lonsdale, to whom, in 1813, land was assigned, in lieu of all tithes for the township of Brigham. The church, situated at the dis- tance ol half a mile from the village, has a handsome window of five lights in the decorated style, at the east end of the south aisle, a curious circular wdndow of the same date, and a monumental arch richly canopied. A chapel of ease was erected by the Rev. Dr. Thomas, in 1840 3 and a school is endowed with a small portion of land allotted at the inclosure. BRIGHAM, a township, in the parish of Foston- upoN-WoLDS, union of Driffield, wapentake of Dick- ering, E. riding of York, miles (S. E.) from Great Driffield 3 containing 147 inhabitants. It is situated on the navigable river Hull, near Frodingham Bridge, and comprises by computation 1470 acres. Land and money payments were assigned in lieu of tithes, in I766. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans. BRIGHOUSE, an ecclesiastical district, in the town- ship of Hipperholme-cum-Brighouse, parish and union of Halifax, Upper division of the wapentake of Morley, W. riding of York, 4 miles (E. by N.) from Halifax 3 containing 3^200 inhabitants. This flourishing and rapidly increasing place, which has grown into some importance within a comparatively recent period, is beau- tifully situated on the road from Bradford to Hudders- field, and in the fertile valley of the Calder 3 the village, which is spacious and well built, contains many hand- some houses, and the royal hotel and posting-house affords superior accommodation. In the immediate vici- nity are pleasing villas and detached ranges of building, forming a considerable appendage to the village, and adding much to the appearance of the surrounding scenery. The manufacture of worsted and cotton goods is carried on, and several large worsted and cotton mills are in full operation 3 the manufacture of cards, used in the woollen, flax, and cotton trades, is also carried on to a great extent, and there are some flour-mills, and tan- neries. In the neighbourhood are the valuable quar- ries called Cromwell Bottom, from which large quanti- ties of building and flag stone are sent to Various parts of the kingdom, by the Calder and Hebble navigation. .The riVer Calder forms the southern boundary of the township, and at the village is a first-class station on the line of the Leeds and Manchester railway, with a spacious dep6t for merchandise. A fair for cattle and 360 pigs is held on the day after the festival of St. Martin, and a court baron annually by Sir George Armytage and others, as mesne lords of the manor, under the Duke of Leeds, who is superior lord. The churqh, dedicated to St. Martin, w’as erected, at an expense oB £3200, prirl^d- pally a grant from Her Majesty’s ComrP^^sioners, was consecrated in 1830 3 it is a good ^^ifiee, inltht later English style, with a square empattled to\yer, crowned by pinnacles, and contains 11$0 sittings, of which 500 are free. The living is a pefpo^oal cui;acy^ at present in the patronage of the Yicar of Halifax, jvith an income of £150, and a handsome paijsonage-hQuse, erected at a cost of £1600. Attached to ^the church is a large national school, an exceedingly appriopi^’is-t^ struc- ture, built at an expense of £800. I ^ BRIGHTHAMPTON, a hamlet, in tpe parish of Standlake, union of Witney, hundred fef " 3 :imFroN, county of Oxford, 4^ miles (S. E. by S.) firom Witney 3 containing 120 inhabitants. \ BRIGHTHELMSTONE, or Brighton (St, Nicho- las), a sea-port, borough, market-town, and parish, in the hundred of Whales- BONE, rape of Lewes, E. division of Sussex, 30 mile^ (E.) from Chichester, and 54 (S.) from London 5 contain- ing 46,661 inhabitants. This place, in the Saxon Bright- helmstun, in Domesday book Bristlemeston, and now, by contraction, generally Brighton, is supposed to have taken its name from the Saxon bishop, BHghthelme, who resided in the vicinity. It was ahtaently a fortified town of considerable importance, ahid^ by some antiquaries is thought to have beenj ffie place where Caesar landed on his invasion of Bjritain 3 an opinion probably suggested by the quantity lof Roman coins found in the town, the vast number bf human bones, of extraordinary size, which have \been dis- covered for nearly a mile along the coast westward, and the traces of lines and intrenchments in the i|mmediate vicinity, bearing strong marks of Roman conjstruction. From a fortified town, it was, by successive ^mcroach- ments of the sea, reduced to a comparatively incon- siderable village 3 and soon after the Conqliest w^as inhabited principally by fishermen. It was frequently assaulted by the French, by whom, in the jreign of Henry VIII., it was plundered and burnt 3 dnd as a protection against their future attacks, fortifications were erected, which were subsequently repaired and ^enlarged by Queen Elizabeth, who built a wall, with f6ur lofty gates of freestone, for its better defence. After the fatal battle of Worcester, Charles II. arrived at this Jflace on the 1 3th October, 1656, and on the following tnorning embarked for France, in a small vessel belonging to the port, which landed him safely at Feschamp, m Nor- mandy, and which, after the Restoration, was taken into the royal navy as a fifth-rate, and named the Royal Escape.” In the years 1665 and 1669, an irruption of the sea destroyed a considerable part of the town, and inundated a large tract of land adjoining 3 and in 1703, 1705, and 1706, the fortifications were under- mined, and many houses destroyed by tremendous BRIG BRIG storms and inundations, that threatened its annihilation. In the reign of George II.^, Brighton began to rise into consideration as a bathing- place, from the writings of Dr. Russell, a resident physician, who recommended the sea-water here, as containing a greater proportion of salt than that of other places, and therefore more effi- cacious in the cure of scrofulous and glandular com- plaints : its progress was accelerated by the discovery of a chalybeate spring, in I 76 O, the water of which being successfully administered as a tonic, in cases of infirm or debilitated constitutions, made it the resort of invalids from all parts of the country j and it ultimately obtained the very high rank which it now enjoys as a fashionable watering-place, and its grandeur and importance, under the auspices of George IV., who, in 1784, when prince of Wales, commenced the erection of a magnificent palace here, now the occasional residence of Queen Victoria. The TOWN is pleasantly situated on an eminence, rising gently from a level called the Steyne, supposed to have been the line of the ancient Siayne-street, or Roman road from Arundel to Dorking, and adjoining a bay of the English Channel, formed by the promon- tories of Beachy Head and Worthing Point 5 it extends nearly three miles from east to w^est, and is sheltered by a range of hills on the north and north-east, and by the South Downs. Its form, including the more recent additions, is quadrangular, and the streets, which are spacious, and intersect each other at right angles, are well paved, and lighted with gas : an act was obtained in 1834, for more plentifully supplying the town with water, and in 1839 acts were procured for the better lighting of the town, and for the establishment of a general cemetery. The houses in the older part are irregularly built, but the more modern part consists of handsome ranges of uniform buildings, many of which are strikingly elegant, and are situated principally on the cliffs, commanding extensive views of the sea. The Pavilion, begun in 1784, and completed in 1827> by George IV., is in the oriental style of architecture, on the model of the Kremlin at Moscow. Toward the sea, the view of which is excluded by the buildings called Castle -square, it has a handsome stone front, 200 feet in length, with a circular building in the centre, sur- rounded by an arcade of elliptic form, with intercolum- niations carried up to the parapet, and crowned with a splendid oriental dome, terminating in a slender and richly-embellished finial, and encircled with four mina- rets of nearly equal elevation ^ the central range is connected, by corridors of circular buildings, crowned with domes of similar character, but of smaller dimen- sions, with two quadrangular and boldly-projecting wings, round which are carried arcades similar to that of the centre, with lofty pagoda roofs, and minarets rising from the angles. The interior contains a splendid vestibule and grand hall, a Chinese gallery of costly magnificence, a music-room, banqueting-room, rotunda, and numerous stately apartments, all decorated in the most sumptuous style of oriental splendour. Connected with it, on the west, is the royal chapel, consecrated in 1822 ; and behind the Pavilion are the royal stables, a circular structure, appropriately designed in the x\rabian style, and surmounted by a dome of glass : on the east side of the quadrangle in which they are situated, is a racquet -court, and on the west a riding-house. Hot and cold sea-water, vapour, and shower baths have been con- VoL. I . — 361 structed in the town, with every regard to the conve- nience of the invalid : those at the New Steyne hotel are supplied with water raised from the sea, to the height of 600 feet, by an engine, and conveyed through a tunnel excavated in the rock. The chalybeate spring, about half a mile west of the old church, is inclosed within a neat building, and the water which deposits an ochreous sediment, has been found very beneficial as a restorative, and is in high repute ; the German spa, also, affords every variety of mineral water, artificially prepared. There are several public libraries : assemblies are held at the Ship hotel, in which are spacious rooms superbly fitted up ; and a magnificent royal concert and ball- room, in Cannon-place, lately erected, is said to be one of the best adapted to its purpose in the kingdom. The theatre, erected in 1807 , is externally an unadorned building, with a plain portico, but is elegantly fitted up within. The races, which continue for three days, are held on the down, in the first week in August. The royal gardens, to the north of the town, including a spacious cricket- ground, are appropriated to various amusements, and the South Downs afford pleasant and extensive rides. The Old Steyne is adorned with a bronze statue of George IV., by Chantrey, erected in 1828, at an expense of £3000, raised by subscription 5 and comprises the North and South Parades, and several other agreeable walks. The splendid suspension chain pier, constructed in 1821, at an expense of £30,000, under the superintend- ence of Capt. Sir S. Brown, R.N., forms a favourite promenade, 1130 feet in length : during a violent storm, on the 15th of October, 1833, it sustained considerable injury, but was effectually repaired by subscription, under the direction of Capt. Brown. The Esplanade, 1200 feet long and 40 feet wide, connects the pier with the Steyne. Among the more recent improvements is the construction of a sea wall, on the beach in front of the town, extending from Middle-street to Kemptown, a distance of one mile and a half 3 it forms one compact and solid mass, presenting a formidable barrier to further encroachments of the sea 3 a beautiful carriage drive has been formed, and the total expense of the undertaking exceeded £ 100 , 000 . There are barracks for infantry in the town, and for cavalry at the distance of a mile, on the road to Lewes. The artillery barracks on the western clilf, where there is a battery of heavy ordnance for the defence of the beach, are now used as dwelling-houses. Steam-vessels sail from this place to Dieppe 3 but few vessels discharge their cargoes on the beach, the great quantity of articles for the supply of the town being landed at Shoreham harbour, and thence conveyed hither by land carriage or railway. The principal branch of trade is that of the fishery, in which about 100 boats are employed : the mackerel season commences in April, and the herring season in October 3 and soles, turbot, skate, and other flat fish, are also taken in great quantities, and sent to the London market. The making of nets and tackle for the fishermen, the materials of which are brought from Bridport, affords employment to a portion of the in- habitants. The London and Brighton railway was con- structed by a company, incorporated by act of parliament passed in July 1837, by which they were empowered to raise a joint-stock capital of £1,800,000, and by loan . £ 600 , 000 . The line, which was opened Sept. 21 , 1841, 3 A BRIG BRIG diverges from the London and Croydon railway, about miles from London, and reaches its termination at Church-street, Brighton, whence there is a branch of 5^ miles to Shoreham, opened in May, 1 840 : the Brighton station is an elegant structure in- the Grecian style, surrounded by a colonnade, above which is a handsome balustrade. The market was established, by act of parliament, in 1773 : the principal market-day is Thursday, but there are daily markets for the supply of the inhabitants. The fairs are on Holy-Thursday and Sept. 4th. A new and commodious market-house was built on the site of the* old workhouse, in 1829. The town is within the jurisdiction of the county magistrates, who hold meetings every Monda)^ and Thursday 3 a constable, eight headboroughs, and other officers are chosen annually at the court leet for the hundred, and the direction of police and parochial affairs is entrusted, under an act of parliament, to a corporate body of 112 commissioners, elected by the inhabitants, who appoint a town-clerk, surveyor, collectors of tolls and duties, police officers, &c. An act was passed, in 1840, for establishing a court of requests for the recovery of debts under £15. By the act of the 2nd of William IV., cap. 45, the town was constituted a borough, consisting of the parishes of Brighton and Hove, with the privilege of sending two members to parliament 3 the returning officer is annually appointed by the sheriff of the county. A new town-hall has been erected on the site of the old market- house, near the centre of the town, at an ex- pense of £30,000 ; it is a very large edifice, ornamented , with three stately porticoes, and contains offices for the magistrates, commissioners, directors of the poor, &c., the lower part being used as a market-place. The LIVING is a vicarage, with the rectory of West Blatchington consolidated, valued in the king’s books at £20. 2. 1^. 3 net income, £1041 3 patron. Bishop of Chichester • impropriator, T. R. Kemp, Esq. The parish church is a spacious ancient structure, partly in the decorated, and partly in the later, English style, with a square embattled tower, which, from its situation on the summit of a hill, 150 feet above the level of the sea, serves as a landmark to mariners 3 it contains a fine screen of richly carved oak, and an antique font, said to have been brought from Normandy in the reign of William the Conqueror, which is embellished with sculp- tured representations of the Last Supper, and of the miracles of our Saviour. St. Peters, a chapel of ease to St. Nicholas, is an elegant structure at the north end of the town, in the later English style, with a square embattled tower crowned with pinnacles, erected in 1827j, at an expense of £18,000, raised partly by a grant from the Parliamentary Commissioners, and containing 1840. sittings, of which 940 are free : the living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £350 3 patron, the Vicar. The Chapel Royal, in Princes-place, is a neat plain edi- fice, containing 900 sittings, of which 200 are free : the living is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £180 5 patron, the Vicar. The church of St. James contains 1000 sit- tings, of which 300 are free : the living is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £1813 patron, N. Kemp, Esq. The church of St, Mary is a handsome structure, in the Grecian style, with a portico of the Doric order, and contains 1100 sittings, of which 240 are free : the living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £56 3 patron and incumbent, the Rev. H. V. Elliot. The church of St, 362 . George, in Kemp Town, is a well-built edifice in the Grecian style, containing 1450 sittings, of which 3^90 are free : the living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £1505 patrons, L. Peel, Esq., and the Rev. J. S. M. Anderson, the incumbent. The church of the Holy Trinity contains 900 sittings, of which 200 are free : the living is a perpetual curacy; net income, £150 per annum ; patrons, the family of Anderson. The church of St. Margaret in the Grecian style, and contains 1000 sittings, of which 200 are free the living is -a perpetual curacy, in the gift of F. Reade, Esq., with a net income of £150. The church of AU Souls contains 1 100 sittings, of which 860 are free : the living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Proprietors. Christ- Church, in the Montpelier-road, contains IO76 sit- tings, of which 624 are free : the living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the Proprietors. The church of St.John the on Carlton Hill, contains 1225 sittings, of which 625 are free : the living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Proprietors. The church of St. Andrew, in Waterloo- street, but in the parish of Hove, contains 500 sittings, of which 80 are free : the living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the' Proprietors. An additional church, of which the first stone was laid in July, 1838, has been completed by subscription, aided by a specific grant from the Church Commissioners 3 it is of the Grecian Doric order, and contains 1211 sit- tings, of which 707 are free. A free church was erected in the eastern portion of the town, towards which his late Majesty, William IV., contributed £100, and her Majesty, Queen Adelaide, £50. There are places of wor- ship for Particular Baptists, Independents, the Society of Friends, the Connexion of the Countess of Hunting- don, Huntingtonians, Methodists, and Scottish Seceders ; also Bethel chapel, belonging to the Mariners’ Friend Society, a Roman Catholic chapel, and a synagogue. There are numerous free schools, the principal oi which are, the school in Gardener-street, for girls, founded and endowed, in 1811, by Swan Downer, Esq., with £7100, subsequently invested in the purchase oj £10,106. 15. 3. three per cent, consols, producing a yearly income of £303 3 the Blue-coat school, in Ship- street, for boys, to which William Grimmit, Esq., in 1749j bequeathed property, afterwards invested in Old South Sea Annuities, amounting at present to £2330. 11. 6., producing a dividend of £69. 18. 4.; the school near RusseL street, for the children of fishermen 3 and the Orphan Asylum, for girls, on the western road. The St. Mary’s Hall institution, for the education of the daughters of the poor clergy, was established in 1838. There are also several schools on the national system, connected with the Established Church, in which more than 1300 children receive daily instruction, and also infant and Sunday schools 3 appropriate buildings have been completed at an expense of nearly £7000. The county hospital and general sea-bathing infirmary, with a detached house of recovery, for persons labouring under contagious fever, a very neat edifice of pale brick with ornaments of stone, occupies an elevated site neai Kemp Town, which, with a donation of £1000, was given by T. R. Kemp, Esq., and the late Earl of Egre- mont contributed £2000 towards its erection, and £400C towards its endowment. At the western extremity oi the main building, a wing, called " Victoria,” was addec in 1839j towards the erection of which Lawrence Peel B R I G BRIG Esq., contributed £500 j the balance of a fund raised for the celebration of the Queen’s first visit to Brighton, amounting to £ 14 . 00 , was also appropriated, and £1600 raised by subscription. Six almshouses for poor widdw^s are , endowed with £96 per annum, under the wills of Philadelphia and Dorothy Percy, daughters of the late Duke of Northumberland j ^0 poor men and 24 women are annually clothed from the interest of £5000, left by Swan Downer, Esq.; and there are a. lying-in institu- tion, Dorcas and other societies for the benefit of the poor ; for whose advantage, also. Colonel Ollney recently bequeathed £500, the interest to be distributed in coal and blankets at Christmas. On White Hawke Hill, near the race-course, on which a signal-house has been erected, are the remains of an encampment, having a narrow entrance on the north, where it is defended by a double intrenchmeiit ; and on Hollingsbury Hill, a se- cond station for signals, about two miles north of the town, are vestiges of a large circular encampment, in which are several tumuli. In 1750, an urn, containing 1000 silver denarii, of the emperors from Antoninus Pius to Philip, was found near the town ; and in the imme- diate vicinity are numerous remains of altars and other V Druidical monuments. BRIGHTLING {St. Thomas a Becket), a parish, in the union of Battle, partly in the hundred of Hen- hurst, but chiefly in that of Netherfield rape of Hastings, E. division of Sussex, 4 miles (N. W.) from Battle ; containing 69'2 inhabitants. The parish com- prises about 4000 acres, of which 1020 are arable, 850 meadow and pasture, 350 common, 120 hop- grounds, and 1630 wood. It is beautifully situated, and the sur- face is diversified with gentle undulations, rising in some parts to a considerable eminence, of which the lands in the highest parts of Rose Hill have an elevation of more than 600 feet above the level of the sea. Limestone and sandstone are found in abundance, and great quan- tities of the latter are quarried for building ; iromstone was formerly wrought, and furnaces were built for the smelting of iron-ore. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11; patron and incumbent, the Rev. J. B. Hayley, whose tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £642. The church is a handsome edifice, chiefly in the later English style, with a low embattled tower, and contains several neat monuments, among which is one to the late John Fuller, Esq., whose bust is finely sculptured by Chantrey. Mary Herbert, in 1728, gave £200, which were laid out in lands- now producing £10 per annum, paid to a schoolmistress ; and A. E. Fuller, Esq., has recently given a house and two acres of land for a school, for boys and girls. The Rev. William Hayley, who collected ample materials for a history of Sussex, and whose manuscripts are in the British Museum, was rector of the parish, and was in- terred here. At Rose Hill is a chalybeate spring. BRIGHTLINGSEA {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Lexden and Winstree, hundred of Tend- RiNG, N. division of Essex, 9 miles (S. E.) from Col- chester; containing -2005 inhabitants. It constitutes a peninsula, formed by the estuary of the river Colne on the west, and that of a smaller river on the east. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £17. 0. 5.; patron. Bishop of London; impro- priator, M. D. Magens, Esq. : the great tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £240, and the vicarial 363 for one of £150. The church is situated about a mile and a half from the village. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans ; also a national school, with a small endowment. BRIGHTON. — See Brighthelmstone. BRIGHTON, NEW, in the township of Liscard, parish of Wallazey, Lower division of the hundred of WiRRALL, S. division of the county of Chester, 12 miles (N. E.) from Great Neston. This place, which is situ- ated on the river Mersey, nearly opposite to Liverpool, and bounded on the north by. the Irish Sea, has, from its local advantages, attracted the attention of the public ; and a plan of a new town, adapted to the purposes of a bathing-place, has been approved, and numerous houses have been erected. It has a communication with Liver- pool by means of steam-packets. BRIGHTSIDE-BIERLOW, a township, in the pa- rish and union of Sheffield, N. division of the wapen- take of Strafforth and Tickhill, W. riding of York, 3 miles (N. E.) from Sheffield ; containing 10,089 in- habitants. This populous and very extensive township, parts of which form suburbs to the borough of Sheffield, partakes in the manufactures of the surrounding dis- trict. Several large steel-works, foundries, and iron- forges have been established, and the manufacture of table-knives and cutlery of various kinds, and of scythes and agricultural implements, is carried on to a great extent; there are also quarries of excellent building- stone. The village of Brightside is situated on the river Don, and in the immediate vicinity are several pleasing villas, and some richly varied scenery. Here is a station on the line of the Sheffield and Rotherham railway ; and a new road to Barnsley has been con- structed, leading through the romantic dell of Burn- greave to Pitsmoor, and avoiding the precipitous hill of Pye Bank. The national school at Pitsmoor has been licensed for the performance of divine service. Mrs. Elizabeth Fell, in 1793, bequeathed £550 for a Sunday school and the relief of the poor, but a dispute arising among the trustees, the funds have been exhausted. The interest of £40, and £3. 10., arising from land purchased with a bequest of £50, by John Mirfield, in 1785, are now the only available charities; and for these, twelve children are instructed in the. school at: G rimes thorpe, built in 1802, on land given by the Duke of Norfolk, who is lord of the manor. BRIGHT- WALTHAM. — See Waltham, Bright. BRIGHTWELL {St. 4gatha), a parish, in the union and parliamentary borough of Wallingford, hundred of Moreton, county of Berks, 2| miles (W. N. W.) from Wallingford ; containing 611 inhabit- ants. The parish comprises 1958a. Ir. 15p., and is bounded on the north by the river Thames, and on the south by the Tadsey ; the soil is a rich loam, partly mixed with gravel; the surface is high on the northern boundary, but in other parts level. Here was anciently a castle, which, in 1153, was given up by Stephen to Henry II., then Duke of Normandy, after the treaty of peace concluded between him and Matilda at Walling- ford, and probably soon afterwards demolished, for its site is not even known, though conjectured to have been within the moat where the manor farm-house now stands. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £44. 17. IL, and in the patronage of the Bishop of Winchester : the tithe' have been commuted 3 A 2 BRIG BRIL for a rent-charge of £855, and there are 51 acres of glebe. The church contains a monument to the memory of Thomas Godwyn, D.D., author of a treatise on the Jewish and Roman antiquities, and who died rector in 164*2. There is a meeting-house for dissenters. ^ BRIGHTWELL (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Woodbridge, hundred of Carlford, E. division of Suffolk, 5^ miles (E. by S.) from Ipswich; containing 81 inhabitants, and comprising about 800 acres. The Hall, a fine old building, belong- ing to the Barnardiston family, was pulled down about 1730. The living is a rectory, with the perpetual curacy of Foxhall annexed ; net income, £54 ; patron. Sir R. Harland, Bart. BRIGHTWELL-BA.LDWIN (St. Bartholomew), a parish, in the union of Henley, hundred of Ewelme, county of Oxford, 5 miles (S. W. by S.) from Tets- worth ; containing, with the tything of Cad well, 312 inhabitants. This parish, which takes its name from its crystal springs, comprises 1569«. 4/?., of which about 356 acres are pasture, and 40 woodland. The old mansion of the Stone family was burnt down in 1786, and the present building w^as erected in 1790. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £18. 16.; net income, £494; patron, W. F. L. Stone, Esq. Under an inclosure act, in 1802, land and corn- rents were assigned in lieU of tithes. The church is a picturesque edifice, in the decorated English style, with a tower, the front of which is elaborately enriched with canopied niches ; in the chancel are some fine brasses, and on the floor some ancient tiles with figures. To the north of the church is the sepulchral chapel of the families of Carleton, Stone, and Lowe, whose mansions are in the parish. At Bushy-Leas, between this place and Chalgrove, a curious glass vessel, surrounded by twelve Roman sepulchral urns, was dug up. Herbert Westphaling, afterwards Bishop of Hereford, and Dr. William Paul, Bishop of Oxford, held the living. BRIGMERSTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Milston, union and hundred of Amesbury, Everley and Pewsey, and S. divisions of Wilts ; containing 33 inhabitants. BRIGNALL (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Teesdale, wapentake of Gilling-West, N. riding of York, 1 mile (S. W. by W.) from Greta-Bridge ; con- taining 190 inhabitants. The parish for many years formed one of the numerous manors which were pos- sessed by the Scrope family in this neighbourhood, and some remains of an old hall adjoining the village were removed in the present century. From the Scropes the property came into the hands of Lord Barrymore, and from him descended to the Edens, of Windleston, in the county of Durham ; in 1817 it was purchased by the late John Bacon Sawrey Morritt, Esq., of Rokeby Park, from Sir R. J. Eden, Bart., for £66,000, and has since become an appendage to the beautiful demesne of Rokeby. The parish is bounded on the south and east by the picturesque river Greta, and comprises by computation 2000 acres, of which about three-fourth parts are pas- ture, one-fourth arable, and 100 acres woodland ; the surface is undulated, the soil generally a loamj^ clay, and the scenery bordering on the river vanned and beau- tiful. Under the liberal management and taste of the late owner, the land and whole aspect of the neigh- bourhood have been greatly improved by planting and draining ; walks have been formed, and rides opened of 364 several miles extent on the banks of the Greta. There are some quaiTies of fine grey slate. The living is a vicarage, endowed with the rectorial tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £8. 2. 6. ; it is in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £271, and there are about 63 acres of glebe. The church, which is in the early English style, with a square tower and campanile turret, was rebuilt, in 1834, in a more centra^ situation, the former edifice having stood in a remote angle of the parish : the cost, £575, was defrayed by the late Mr. Morritt, who also built a school. The remains of a large Roman camp, which commanded the ford on the river, are visible at Greta-Bridge ; it was surrounded by a triple fosse, and relics of antiquity and Roman coins have frequently been dug up in its precincts. Much of the scenery and field of action in the poem of Rokeby, with Guy Denzil’s Cave, are within the parish. BRIGSLEY (St. Helen), a parish, in the union of Caistor, wapentake of Bradley-Haverstoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 5 miles (S. by W.) from Great Grimsby ; containing 125 inhabitants. The pa- rish comprises by measurement upwards of 800 acres, half arable, and half meadow. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 4. 4., and in the patronage of the Chapter of the Collegiate Church of Southwell ; net income, £55. BRIGSTOCK (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Thrapston, hundred of Corby, N. division of the county of Northampton, 22 miles (N. E.) from North- ampton; containing 1262 inhabitants. It embraces a tract of 6013a. 3r. 2 Ip., a large portion of which is occupied by parks and plantations ; the village is of some extent, and situated about the middle of the parish. The place formerly belonged to the Dukes of Montague, whose ancient manor-house is still remain- ing. James I. granted a weekly market on Thursday, and fairs to be held on the festivals of St. Mark the Evangelist, St. Bartholomew the Apostle, and St. Martin : the market has long since fallen into disuse, but the fairs are still held. By a custom that prevails in the manor, if any^ man die seized of copyhold lands or tenements which descended to him in fee, his youngest son inherits ; but if they were purchased by him, they fall to the eldest son. The living is a vicar- age, with Stanion annexed, valued in the king’s books at £11. 17 . 3-§. ; net income, £236; patron, Duke of Cleveland. The church has some Norman remains, amidst various alterations of later date ; the tower is of very rude workmanship, and plastered. A charity schooLwas founded by the Rev. Nicholas Latham, who endowed it with £17 per annum. The town estate, in 1805, was divided into 54 plots, let to poor parishioners for gardens at a small rental. BRILL (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Thame, hundred of Ashendon, county of Bucking- ham, 7 miles (N. W. by N.) from Thame ; containing 1449 inhabitants. Here was a palace belonging to the kings of Mercia, which was a favourite residence of Edward the Confessor, who frequently came hither during the hunting season, to enjoy the pleasures of the chace in Bernwood Forest. After the Conquest, Henry II., attended by his chancellor, Thomas a Becket, kept his court here, in II 60 and 1162; and Henry III., in 1224; and King John also appears to have resorted to BRIL BRIM it, as there are some remains of a building called after him. In 164^^ a garrison stationed here for the king was attacked by a detachment of the parliamentary forces under the patriotic Hampden, but the latter were repulsed with considerable loss. The parish comprises 3 IOC acres of fertile land, of which 2395 are meadow and pasture, 310 arable, and 240 wood. Lace-making is carried on to a considerable extent j and there is a small manufactory for earthenware. Brill and Ashen- don Hills abound with interesting geological features, and numerous specimens of fossil remains 3 and the former also with excellent yellow ochre, of which con- siderable quantities have been conveyed to distant parts. There are likewise some stone-quarries, used for roads, and for burning into lime 3 building-stone is occasionally found, and there is an excellent quarry of iron sand- stone. From its elevated situation, the place commands a most extensive and richly varied prospect, compre- hending a panoramic view of nine counties 3 and the purity and salubrity of the air^ and its contiguity to the Dorton spa, have made it the frequent resort of invalids, for whose accommodation several well-built lodging-houses and shops have been erected in the village, which is one mile distant from the pump-room at Dorton. A fair, granted to Sir John Molins, in 13^6, has been revived within the last few years, and is Feld on the Wednesday next after Old Michaelmas- day. The LIVING is a perpetual curacy, with that of Boar- stall annexed 3 net income, £ 101 ; patron and impro- priator, Sir T. D. Aubrey, Bart. The church is a small edifice of considerable antiquity, partly in the Norman style, with a low tower and spire, and, was enlarged, in 1835, by subscription 3 the entrance is through a rude porch in the south wall, over which is the date 1654, probably the period when the church was repaired after the parliamentary war. There are places of worship for Wesley ans and Independents. A national school was established in 1815, and united with a school originally founded by Samuel Turner, Esq. 3 it is endowed with £60 per annum, arising from £2000 three per cent, consols, bequeathed by Sir John Aubrey, in 1825. Pym’s charity-school for boys was founded by John Pym, in 1637 3 the income is £26. Five almshouses for widows were given, in 1591, by Alice Carter, who en- dowed them. John Harte, in 1664, bequeathed a rent- charge of £5, for apprenticing boys ; and one of £8 was left by Edward Lewis, Esq., in 1674, for the poor. On the disafforestment of Bernwood Forest, under a commission appointed in the 21 st of James I., an allot- ment was set apart for the benefit of the poor, and con- sists of a farm-house and buildings, with 181 acres of land, let at a clear rent of £ 120 . On the north side of Muswell Hill, partly in this parish and partly in that of Piddington, stood the hermitage of St. Werburgh, a cell to the priory of Chetwood, of which the outline of the building may be traced 3 two other ancient buildings still exist, which belonged to the families of Harte and Carter, and were erected in the early part of the reign of Elizabeth. On the summit of Muswell Hill are vestiges of an encampment of considerable extent, around the mound of which are rows of sycamore-trees. In quarrying a few years since, several successive trenches were discovered filled up, among which were found several Roman spear-heads. 365 BRILLEY {St. Mary)^ a parish, in the union of Kington, hundred of Huntingdon, county of Here- ford, 6 ^ miles (N. E. by N.) from Hay ; containing 587 inhabitants. Situated on the border of Wales, which bounds it on the north and west, and partly encircled on the south bj^ the river Wye, this parish exhibits much rural and interesting scenery, and con- sists of 3771 acres, the surface being in a great degree diversified by bold hills and deep dales, remarkably well wooded, and watered by numerous streams. The road from Kington to Hay crosses the parish from north to south. The living is united to the vicarage of Kington, and the Bishop of Hereford is appropriator. BRIMFIELD, a parish, in the union of Ten bury, hundred of Wolphy, county of Hereford, 4 miles (S. by E.) from Ludlow 3 containing 591 inhabitants. This parish, situated on the borders of Shropshire, com- privses by measurement about 1820 acres, of which nearly 7 OO are arable, and the rest pasture, with the exception of about 50 acres of hop-ground 3 the surface is moderately undulated, with a large portion of wood- land, and the soil above the average fertility. The roads from Ludlow to Tenbury and to Leominster branch off at the village, which is of some extent, and the parish is intersected by the Leominster canal, and bounded by the river Teame. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £98 3 patron, Bishop of Hereford, whose tithes have been commuted for £155 ; and those of the incumbent for £125 : two acres of glebe appertain to the bishop. The nave and chancel of the church were rebuilt, in a plain style, in 1834, but the tower is of some antiquity. BRIM HAM, a hamlet, in the chapelry of Hart- wiTH, parish of Kirkby-Malzeard, Lower division of the wapentake of Claro, W. riding of York, 6 miles (W.) from Ripley. Brimham Craggs, an assemblage of rocks covering about forty acres, are thought, from their singular position, to have been thrown together by some extraordinary convulsion of the earth 3 the spot is also supposed to have been chosen for the per- formance of the sacred rites of the Druids, from the appearance of altars, rock idols, rocking-stones, and other rude symbols. BRIMINGTON, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Chesterfield, hundred of Scarsdale, N. division of the county of Derby, 2 miles (N. E.) from Chester- field 3 containing 780 inhabitants. In 1603, Briming- ton was severely afflicted with the plague. The family of Brimington was extinct in the time of Edward HI. The parish comprises 1252a. 25p., and is situated on the road from Chesterfield to Worksop, on the Chester- field canal, and near the North-Midland railway : stone is quarried for building purposes. An act was passed, in 1841, for, inclosing the waste lands. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £1023 patron. Vicar of Chesterfield 3 appropriator. Dean of Lincoln : there are 9 acres of glebe, with a house. The chapel was rebuilt by subscription, in 1808. There are places of worship for Primitive Methodists and Wesleyans 3 and a national school is supported by subscription. BRIMPSFIELD {St. Michael), a parish, 'in the union of Cirencester, hundred of Rapsgate,E. division of the county of Gloucester, 8 miles (E, N. E.) from Cirencester 3 containing 417 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 2612 acres, of which nearly equal por- mRiim: B E I n: tions are arable and pasture, with 250 acres of. wood 5 the soil varies considerably, but is generally a light loam. A part of the land lies high, being , on the Cots wold Hills, but it is interspersed with some fertile and well- wooded valle 3 ^s, possessing. much beauty: the river Stroudwater has its source within the parish. Good building-stone is found. The living is a discharged rectory, with that of Cranham consolidated, valued in the king’s books at £Q. 1 ^ 2 . 1 ., and in the patronage of William Goodrich, Esq. : the tithes of Brimpsfield have been commuted for £303, and of Cranham, for £l62 3 the glebe contains 32 acres. The church is a small an- cient structure, containing about 200 sittings, of which 150 are unappropriated. A parochial school is supported by subscription. The Roman Ermin-street passes along the northern side of the parish. An alien priory of Be- nedictine monks, subordinate to the abbey of St, Stephen, at Fountenay, in Normandy, anciently existed ; and here was also a castle, destroyed by Edward II., on his march from Cirencester to Worcester. BRIMPTON (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Newburv, hundred of Faircross, county of Berks, 6 miles (E. by S.) from Newbury 5 containing 412 in- habitants. It comprises 1689«. 2r., of which about 80 acres are common and roads. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 7 , and in the alternate patronage of Mrs. Cove and the Rev. Miles L. Halton : the tithes have been commuted for £320, and the glebe comprises 15 acres. A national school is supported by subscription. At the period of the Norman survey there were two churches in the parish, and -the remains of an ancient ecclesiastical edifice are visible at a farm-house, about half a mile from the present church. The Knights Hospitallers appear to have had an establishment here, in the time of Henry HI. BRIMPTON (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Yeovie, hundred of Stone, W. division of Somer- set, 2f miles (W. S. W.) from Yeovil : containing, with the hamlets of Alvington and Houndstone, 123 inhabit- ants. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7- 7*^ and in the patronage of John Williams, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £130, and there are about 30 acres of glebe. BRlMSCOMB-PORT,an ecclesiastical parish, formed out ofthe parish of Minch in-Hampton, union of Stroud, hundred of Bisley, E. division of the county of Glou- cester, 2 miles (S. S. E.) from Stroud 5 comprising the hamlets of Chalford, Hyde, Burley, Brimscomb, and Cowcombe. This place has obtained its name from the basin of the Thames and Severn canal, which is within the hamlet, a large sheet of water, on the margin of which are the spacious wharfs and warehouses of the canal company. In the village, which is chiefly inha- bited by persons employed in the clothing trade, are two extensive mills for the manufacture of superfine broadcloths and kerseymeres, affording employment to 500 persons. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BRIMSLADE, an extra-parochial liberty, in the hundred of Kinwardstone, Marlborough and Rams- bury, and S. divisions of Wilts 3 containing, with South Savernake, 187 inhabitants. BRIMSTAGE^ a township, in the parish of Brom- BORROw, union, and Lower division of the hundred, of WiRRALL, S. division of the county of Chester, 3| miles (N. by E.) from Great Neston 3 containing I 6 I in- 366 habitants. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £103. BRIND, with Newsholme, or Newsh am, a town- ship, in the parish of Wressel, union of Howden, Holme-Beacon division of the wapentake of Harthill, E. riding of York, 2 f miles (N. by Wi) from Howd^n 3 containing 231 inhabitants. The Hull and Selby railway passes by the place. BRINDLE (St. James), a parish, in the union of Chorley, hundred of Ley^land, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 4f miles (N. by E.) from Chor- ley 3 containing 1401 inhabitants. The living is a dis- charged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 8 . 4., and in the patronage of the Duke of Devonshire : the tithes have been commuted for £497- 15., and there are more than 9 acres of glebe. There is a place of worship for Roman Catholics. The workhouse, about a mile from the village, has, since the erection of the county asylum at Lancaster, been open for the poor of any township the inhabitants of which choose to contribute towards its support. The free school, supposed to have been founded by Peter Burscough, has funds consisting of about £335, lent on interest, producing £16. I 6 . per annum. BRINDLEY, a township, in the parish of Acton, union and hundred of Nantwich, S. division of the county of Chester, 4f miles (W. N. W.) from Nant- wich 3 containing 184 inhabitants. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £ 66 . 5., and the vicarial for £26. 11 . 7 - BRINDLEYS; an extra-parochial liberty, in the union of Howden, Holme-Beacon division of the wapen- take of Harthill, E. riding of York, miles (N. by W.) from Howden 3 containing 8 inhabitants. It com- prises about 17\3 acres of farm land, the property of Viscount Galway. BRINGHURST (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Uppingham, hundred of Gartree, S. division of the county of Leicester 3 containing, with the town- ship of Drayton and the chapelry of Great Easton, 840 inhabitants, of whom 9^ are in the township of Bring- hurst, 2|: miles (W. by N.) from Rockingham. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £11. 15. 3 net income, £241 3 patrons and appropria- tors. Dean and Chapter of Peterborough. Land and a money payment were assigned, in 1804, in lieu of tithes for the townships of Bringhurst and Drayton. There is a chapel of ease at Great Easton. BRINGTON (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Thrapston, hundred of Leightonstone, county of Huntingdon, 5j miles (N. by W.) from Kimbolton 3 containing 129 inhabitants. This^ parish, which is situ- ated within half a mile of the road from Huntingdon to Northampton, comprises by measurement 1014 acres. The living is a rectory, with Bythorn and Old Weston united, valued in the king’s books at £34. 3. 6 J. 3 net income, £492 3 patrons. Master and Fellows of Clare Hall, Cambridge. Land and a money payment were assigned, in lieu of tithes, in 1804. BRINGTON (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Brixworth, hundred of Newbottle-Grove, S. divi- sion of the county of Northampton, 7 miles (N. W. by W.) from Northampton 3 containing, with the ham- lets of Little Brington and Newbottle, 795 inhabitants. This place was the occasional resort of Charles I., who. B "R I N B:R I N } during his detention at: Holdenby, about two miles dis- tant, came frequently to Althorp House, in the -parish. It formerly included part of the hamlet of Clasthorpe, ■feint frpm the neglect of walking the boundaries, that portion, containing. about 300 acres, was claimed.by the parish of Flore, in which the - remainder was situated. ‘ Brington comprises by com^putation 3800 acres, and is near the London and Birmingham canaLand railway, ahd ' bounded on the north-east by the road' between Northampton and Coventry. The living is a rectory, V'alued in the king’s books at £40, and in the gift^of Plarl Spencer : on the inclosure, about a century since, 380 acres of land, now valued at about £500 per annum, -f^ere allotted in lieu of tithes, and some further tjithes ^Mave been commuted for a rent-^charge ^of £62. .10. 5 tpere are about acres of glebe. The church is an amcient structure, partly in the early and later English sV^es 5 the chapel contains some fine monuments to the itoemory of deceased members of the Spencer family, ^mong which is that of Henry Spencer,' first Earl of c Sunderland, who was killed at the battle of Newbury, in 1644. There is a place of worship for Baptists and Wedeyans. A- school is maintained by Earl Spencer ; 4nd a Sunday school is supported' by an allowance of sfel2 ;per annum from the charity estates, which were settled in the reign of * Henry VI., and produce £225 per annum. There are a chalybeate and a petrifying 'Spring. Henry Chichester, Archbishop of Canterbury, and founder of All Souls’ College, Oxford, and; of the (Colleges of'Ferrars arid Irthlingborough,; both dn; this ^ounty, was for ten years rector of the parish. Althorp, S hich was ‘ formerly more populous, now contains ^only e noble mansion of Earl Spencer, to whom it gives e inferior title of Viscount. BRININGHAM (St. a parish, in the union of Walsingham, hundred of Holt, W. division of Norfolk, 4 miles (S. W.) from Holt 5 containing 243 inhabitants. It comprises 1201a. 2r. 3 Ip., of which 970 a^jres are arable, 130 pasture and meadow, and 60 woodland j the surface is a good deal undulated, and on arhigh eminence is Belle Vue, a lofty tower, octangular the base and circular at the top, from which is an ex- tensive view of the surrounding country and the ocean. Ti’he living' is a. perpetual curacy, 4n the patronage of the Rev. S. Brereton; who is incumbent and impropriator, a|nd whose tithes have%^^ commuted for £353. The church, chiefly injthe decorated- style, consists ?of a nave ^ and chancel, with a square tower on the south; and> was iharoughly repaired In 1 840. i BRINRBmN, HIGH WARD, a township, 1 in the | arGtchial:chapelry oPLong Framlington, union of lioTHBn;R% E. division :of CoaxjETBALE Ward, N. di- vision lof Northumberland, 9 i miles (N. N. >W.) fmm ' Morpeth ; containing 96 inhabitants, and com- prising 1894 acres. Brinkburn, including also the Low W ard, was anciently extrri-parochial : it stretches about thrfee miles along the north side of the river Coquet, arid \is' crossed by the high road from.Weedon Bridge : the ^oiLis a strong clay. Here are extensive strata of ' limei^tone,; and ? a* ^ mine of coal. A priory for Augustine canoiis was: founded in the time of Henry I., by Os- bertu^ Colatarius, in honour of St. Peterr the estab- lishmept,- at the time of the Dissolution, consisted of ten Teligioi^s, and' the revenue was rated at £77. It was beautiftljlly situated within a curvature of; the Coquet, $6r which flows close to the walls, arid now forms an inter- esting ruin, exhibiting specimens of Norman architecture. On the hill above the priory sare traces of .a Roman town, in connexion with a military way ; and the foun- dations of the piers of a Roman bridge are discernible when the water is low. BRINKBURN, LOW WARD, a nownship, in the ^parochial chapelry of Long Eramlington, union :rif Rothbury, E. division of CoauiETDALE ward, N. divi- sion of Northumberland 3 containing 57 inhabitants, land comprising 579 acres. BRINKBURN, SOUTH SIDE, a township, in the :parish of. Felton, union of Rothbury, W. division of iMorpeth ward, N. division of Northumberland, 9 .miles (N, N. W,) from -Morpeth 3 containing 55^ inha- bitants. BRINKHILL (St. Philip);; a. parish, 'in the. union of SpiLSBY, hundred of Hill, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 6| miles (N. N. W.) from Spilsby 3 con- taining 168 inhabitants. It comprises about 1000 acres, of which the soil is a red marl, and the surface 1 hilly. The living is a discharged rectory, valued: in the. king’s books lat £8,3 net income, £ 1 37 5 ; patron, R. Cracroft, Esq. : land was assigned in -ilieu of tithes, in 1773. There is a place of worship; for Wesleyans. In a stratum of blue clay in the village are found veins of barren mar- casite. BRINKLEY (8t. ;Mapy), a parish, in the union of Newmarket, hundred of Radfield, countyof CAM- 1 bridge, 5 j miles (S. by W.) from Newmarket 3 con- taining 366. inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 6. 8, 3 net income, £241 y : patrons. Master arid Fellows of St. John’s College, Cam- bridge : land and a .money payment were assigned, in 1811, rin lieu of tithes. The ? parish is entitled . to fifth part of an estate at Oakington, producing in . thci^ whole £100 per annum, given by Mrs. Elizabeth March, in 17^9; it is paid to a master for the instruction of r children. BRINKLOW (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the Kirby division of the hundred, of Knightlow, N, division of the county of Warwick, miles (E.) from Coventry 3 containing 793 inhabitants. 'This place de- rives Vits name from a lat!ge tuiriulus, on which stoqd the .keep or watch-tower of a i very ancient castle; of uncertain erection, of which there are no ; remains. In.. : the -feign of John, Nicholas dfe Stuteville, dord of the "^manor, received the grant of a market: to be held un Monday, and a fair on the festival of St. Margaret. The , parish 'iomprises 1393a. 3r. 22p., of which about; 150 acres are wood, and of the remainder, one-third is arable, arid two-thirds pasture. The Oxford canal passes Through the parish, and in its course here is twice inter- sected by the Roman fosse- way, on the line of which are some traces of an encampment. The living is .a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £i'7, 1 0.,: and in the patronage of the Crown 3 net income, <£228. The church is built in the style which. prevailed in the reign of Henry VII. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. The interest on; £100, given by the Rev. W^IFaiffax, in 1761, -is applied to instruction 3 and i a inationaL school 4s partly supported by an endowment nf £20 per c;annum. . BRINKWORTH ( Bt. : Michael) , , k iparish, in the union* and hundred of Malmesbury, Malmesbury .and B R I S B R I S Kingswood, and N. divisions of Wilts, 4 miles (w. N. W.) from Wotton- Basset ; containing, with the ty thing of Grittenham, 1694 inhabitants, ^he parish is inter- sected by the Great Western railway, and comprises 5450 acres, of which 4759 are pasture, 472 arable, and 219 woodland. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £23. 9. 2., and in the gift of Pembroke College, Oxford : the tithes have been commuted for £735, and the glebe comprises 150 acres. There is a school with an endowment of about £5 per annum. BRINNINGTON, a township, in the parish and union of Stockport, hundred of Macclesfield, N. division of the county of Chester, 2 miles (N. E. by N.) from Stockport j containing 5331 inhabitants, most of whom are employed in the cotton manufacture. The tithes have been commuted for £30. BRINSLEY, or Brtjnsley, a hamlet, in the parish of Greasly, union of Basford, S. division of the wapen- take of Broxtow, N. division of the county of Not- tingham ; containing 1 1 39 inhabitants. BRINS OP (St. George), a parish, in the union of Weobly, hundred of Grimsworth, county of PIere- FORD, 5| miles (N. W.) from Hereford 5 containing II6 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 1334 acres. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £4 3 patron and appropriator. Bishop of Here- ford : the great tithes have been commuted at £170, and the small at £1043 the glebe comprises 19O acres, and a vicarage-house has recently been built. The church is partly of Norman architecture 3 it has a window of painted glass of great antiquity. A parochial school is supported by subscription. BPTNS WORTH, a township, in the parish and union of Rotherham, S. division of the wapentake of Strafforth and Tickhill, W. riding of York, 2j miles (S. S. W.) from Rotherham 3 containing 241 in- habitants. This place includes the hamlet of Ickles, and comprises by computation 1050 acres. During the late war, the common, now inclosed, was the scene of frequent military evolutions of the Sheffield volunteers. BRINTON (St. Andrew), a parish, in the hundred of Holt, W. division of Norfolk, 2| miles (W. S. W.) from Holt 3 containing 193 inhabitants. It comprises 712a. 3r. 24p., of which 474 acres are arable, 124 pas- ture and meadow, and I7 woodland 3 the village is pic- turesquely situated. The living is a discharged rectory, annexed to that of Thdrnage, and rated in the king’s books at £S. 11. 4. : the tithes have been commuted for £170, and there are 20 acres of glebe. The church is in the later style, and consists of a nave and north aisle, with a square tower. BRISCOE, or Birksceugh, a township, in that part of the parish of St. Cuthbert, Carlisle, which is in Cumberland w’ard, union of Carlisle, E. division of Cumberland, 3| miles (S. E. by S.) from Carlisle 3 containing 303 inhabitants. There are two establish- ments for printing calico on the banks of the river Pet- terill, in the township. The first wheat that grew in the county was produced here, about the year I7OO. BRISLEY (St, Bartholomew) , a parish, in the union of Mitford and Launditch, hundred of Laun- DiTCH, W. division of Norfolk, 6 miles (N. W.) from East Dereham 3 containing 388 inhabitants. The parish comprises 1201a. 2r. 18p., of which 785 acres are arable, 188 meadow and pasture, and 197 common, roads, and 368 gardens. Brisley Green is a fine piece of uninclosed ground of 150 acres, the favourite resort of cricket- players. The living is a discharged rectory, with the vicarage of Gately annexed, valued in the king’s boohs at £8. 7- 3 net income, £486 3 patrons. Master aqd Fellows of Christ-Church College, Cambridge. The church is a handsome structure in the later Engli.^h style, with a lofty square embattled tower : in the chan- cel are three sedilia of stone and a piscina. Richajrd Taverner, who published, in 1539, a new translation of the Bible, for which he was committed to the Tower hy Henry VIII., was a native of the place. i BRISLINGTON (St. Luke), a parish, in the union and hundred of Keynsham, E. division of Somerset, 3 miles (S. E. by E.) from Bristol 3 containing 13.^8 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the road between Bath and Bristol, and contains 2090 acres 3 it is bounded on the north-east by the river Avon, and intersected by the Great Western railway. Coal was formerly wroughi-;3 iron is found, and stone quarried for building. The hy- ing is a** perpetual curacy 3 net income, £159 5 patrojn, E. W. L. Popham, Esq. 3 impropriator, Col. Gore Lang- ton. The church was enlarged in 1818 by 265 addi- tional sittings : in the churchyard is a handsome cro^s. There is a place of worship for Independents 3 aijid parochial schools are supported by subscription. Bri|s- lington House, an asylum for lunatics, was erected by Edward Long Fox, M.D., who first introduced the clas- sification of patients in such establishments, and wps celebrated for the cure of mental diseases 3 the buildings comprise a spacious central edifice, with detached winj tor extending in front 495 feet, and the estate is well plantejd, and comprises about 200 acres. A chapel, dedicated to St. Anne, was founded by one of the Lords de la Wari’e, in the northern part of the manor, but there are not any vestiges of it. A variety of Roman coins was found in an adjoining field, in 1829. Langton, who married the widow of Sir Thomas Cobb, of Langton Court, and was the intimate friend of Addison, is said to have written many of the papers of the Spectator in a summer-hoijise belonging to the mansion. The Rev. W. D. Conybeare, author of some well-known works on geology, was, | some years, curate and lecturer of the parish. BRISTOL, a city and county of itself, and a con- siderable port, situated near the mouth of the Bristol Channel, and between the counties of* Gloucester and Somerset, into both of which the town extends, 34 miles (S. W. by S.) from Gloucester, 12 (N. W.) from Bath, and 118 (W.) from London 3 containing, in the did city, 64,266 inhabitants, exclusively of those in Clifton, Bedminster, and/ the out-parish of St. Philip and St. James, which for^i the suburbs, and which, if included, would increas/e the number to 140,158, This place, called by the Britons Caer Brito, and supposed to have been the Abana, or Trajectus, of Antonine, notwithstanding the various con- jectures of antiquaries, probably derives its narjhe from the Saxon Brito stow. In 1063, Harold set s|iil from this port for the subjugation of Wales 3 and s^on after Arms. / B R I S B R I S the Conquest, his sons, attempting to overthrow the government of William, made an assault upon Bristol, but were defeated bv the inhabitants. At that time an extensive traffic in English slaves was carried on here, which was abolished by William, at the intercession of Archbishop Lanfranc. In 1089, Geoffrey, Bishop of Coutance, taking part in a confederacy against William Rufus, for the purpose of raising his elder brother, Robert, to the throne, assembled his forces here, and fortified the town with walls, portions of which still re- main. In the struggle between Stephen and Matilda, the Earl of Gloucester, having taken possession of the city for the empress, rebuilt the castle, into which she retired on her escape from Arundel, at that time be- sieged by her opponent. Stephen, having been soon after made prisoner, was confined in this castle, and, by Matilda’s order, loaded with chains, till he was released, after an imprisonment of nine years, by the capture of the earl, for whom he was exchanged. In 1142, Prince Henry, afterwards Henry II., being brought from Nor- mandy on a visit to his mother, was placed at Bristol, under the protection of the Earl of Gloucester, where he remained for four years, and received part of bis education. Edward I. kept the festival of Christmas here in 1285, where he held a council ; and during the war between Edward II. and the barons, Henry de Willington and Harry de Mumford, who had been taken prisoners, were executed here, in 1322. Edward HI., in 1353, removed the staple for wool from the several towns in Flanders to England, and, among other places, to this city, which, in consequence, rapidly grew into importance as a place of trade; and, in 1373, he erected it into a separate county, under the designation of the City and County of the City of Bristol.” In 1399, the Duke of Lancas- ter, afterwards Henry IV., besieged the city with a powerful army, and, on its surrender, sentenced the governor. Scroop, Earl of Wiltshire, Sir Henry Green, and Sir John Bushy, to be beheaded ; and, in the same year, by an act of parliament, he exempted the place, by “ land and water,” from the jurisdiction of the Lord High Admiral. In 1471, the Duke of Somerset, Earl of Devonshire, and other nobles in the interest of the house of Lancaster, entering into a confederacy against Edward IV., assembled their forces here, and were greatly assisted by the inhabitants, who were attached to the Lancastrian cause, in their attempts to replace Henry VI. upon the throne. Henry VII, visited Bristol in 1485, on which occasion the citizens, to evince the greater respect, appeared in their best apparel ; but the king, thinking their wives too richly dressed for their station, imposed a fine of twenty shillings upon every citizen who was worth £20. During the civil war in the reign of Charles I. the city was garrisoned by the parliamentarians, who appointed Nathaniel Fiennes governor. The king, sensible of the importance of the place, endeavoured to gain possession of it by means of his partisans within the town ; but their proceedings having been discovered, Alderman Yeomans and Mr. Bourchier were hanged as traitors, by order of the governor. In 1643, Prince Rupert closely invested the city, which surrendered on the third day ; and the king arriving soon after, remained for a short time, and at- tended divine service in the cathedral on the following Sunday. Bristol continued in the possession of the royalists for nearly twm years; but, after sustaining a vigorous assault with incredible valour, the garrison VoL. I.— 369 capitulated to Fairfax, and Cromwell soon after ordered the castle and the fortifications to be demolished. The city was the scene of a serious riot, in the autumn of 1831, during the progress of the Reform Bill in parlia- ment : it commenced by an attack upon the recorder, who was opposed to that measure, on his entrance into the city, prior to holding the quarter-sessions, on Satur- day the 29th of October, and, owing to the want of energy on the part of the civil and military authorities, continued until the Monday following, during which period the gaols were broken open and burnt ; the epis- copal palace, mansion-house, and custom-house, were destroyed, and many private dwelling-houses, particu- larly in Queen-square, were set on fire. The CITY is pleasantly situated in a valley, near the confluence of the rivers Avon and Frome ; the old town, which forms the nucleus of the present, consists of four principal streets, diverging at right angles from the centre, and intersected by smaller streets. The houses in the interior of the town are mostly ancient, bdng built of timber and plaster, with the upper storii^s pro- jecting ; but in the outer parts are spacious streets and squares, containing good houses, uniformly built of stone and brick. The town is well paved, lighted with gas, and amply supplied with excellent water from springs, and from public conduits, originally laid down by the monks, in convenient situations. A handsome stone bridge of three wide arches over the Avon, which flows through the town, was completed in 1768, on the site of a former one, connecting the northern with the southern part ; and over the river Frome is a swing bridge, to admit the passage of ships. The theatre, said to have been admired by Garrick for its just propor- tions and arrangement, was built by Mr. Powell, in 1766, and is opened during the winter season, and has been the nursery of some of the best performers on the London stage. The city library, in King-street, a hand- some stone edifice beautifully ornamented with sculpture and literary emblems, contains a large collection of books and numerous manuscripts. The Philosophical Institution in Park-street, a neat building with a Grecian portico, contains reading-rooms, a theatre in which lec- tures are delivered, a laboratory, a philosophical appa- ratus, an extensive museum, and a room for the exhibition of paintings. The Statistical Society was esta- blished in Nov. 1836, soon after the meeting of the British Association. The Exchange, in Corn-street, erected about the year I76O, by the corporation, at an expense of more than £50,000, is a spacious and elegant structure, 110 feet in length, with a rustic basement, in the centre of which are handsome columns of the Corin- thian order, forming the principal entrance, and sup- porting a pediment, in the tympanum of which are the king’s arms : the edifice is principally used as a corn- market. The Commercial- Rooms, erected in 1811, to which the entrance from the street is by a portico of four pillars of the Ionic order, contain apartments for the despatch of business, and a reading-room ; the prin- cipal hall is 60 feet in length, 40 feet wide, and 25 feet high. The Post-office is a neat building of freestone, to the west of the Exchange. A handsome structure, called the Victoria Rooms, intended for public assem- blies, was lately erected from the designs of Mr. Charles Dyer ; it is situated near the top of Park -street, and is built entirely of Bath stone ; the south front, which is the principal, has a noble octo-style Corinthian portico, 3 B B R I S B R I S recessed within the building as well as advanced forward 5 the grand hall is a noble apartment, 1 17 feet by 55, and 48 in height. Bristol is represented by Malmsbury as having been,, so early as the reign of Henry II., a wealthy city, full of ships from Ireland, Norway, and every part of Europe, which brought to it great commerce.” It carries on an extensive trade with the West Indies, North and South America, and the countries bordering on the Baltic and Mediterranean seas : the principal articles of importation are sugar, rum, coffee, tobacco, wine, corn, timber, tar, turpentine, &c. ; those exported consist chiefly of the produce of the manufactories within the town and neighbourhood. It has also a great coasting trade, -and considerable intercourse with Ireland. Of late, a new and important feature in the commerce of the place has been introduced, by the establishment of steam communication with North America : the large steam-ship, the “ Great Western,” which sailed from the port on the 2 nd June, 1838, was the first steamer which crossed the Atlantic by the power of steam only. A few years since, a considerable reduction was made by the corporation in the local dues ; and the port was materially enlarged and improved, in 1 803, by changing the course of the Avon, and damming up its former channel, to form an extensive floating dock, communi- cating, by means of reservoirs, wdth the river and the quay, to which vessels have access at any time, and from which they may sail directly into the channel. Over this new course of the Avon two handsome iron bridges have been erected, and the entire work was completed, in 1809, at an expense of more than £600,000. An act has been lately obtained for building a bridge from the parish of St. Philip and St. Jacob, over the floating harbour, to the parish of Temple. The quay, extending for more than a mile along the sides of the Avon and Frome, is accessible to ships of any burthen, and con- veniently adapted for the despatch of business. In 1837, an act for removing and preventing encroachments, and for better regulatingThe shipping, quays, and markets, and- for other purposes, was procured. Immediately behind the quay is a spacious square, part of which was burned in the riots during the agitation of the Reform Bill 5 and in the centre is an equestrian statue of William III. in the Roman costume. On the banks of the Avon, a little below the town, are several dock-yards, wdiere ship-building is carried on to a considerable ex- tent. The principal articles of manufacture are brass, copper, zinc, patent shot, lead, leather, floor-cloth, china> glass, glass-bottles, and glass ware of every kind (for which there are numerous furnaces), and the cele- brated stone ware : the brass and copper works here are the most extensive in England, and the zinc is thought to be superior to that made at any other place. There are several sugar refineries, breweries, distilleries, and iron- foundries, for the supply of all which abundance of coal is brought into the town from collieries in the neighbour- hood. The construction of a railroad from Coal Pit Heath, in the county of Gloucester, to Bristol, has con- siderably reduced the price of coal. One of the term inf of the Great Western railway, from London to Bristol, which was opened June S'Oth, 1841, is situated at Tem- ple Mead 3 the station-house and offices are raised on arches of rough stone, and some of the heaviest works'« on the line of this vast undertaking occur in the neigh- bourhood of the city. The Bristol and Exeter railway aid commences by a junction with this line at Temple Mead. An extensive fire, which took place in April, 1841, at the terminus, destroyed property belonging to the Bristol and Exeter company to the amount of several thousands of pounds. The market-days are Tuesday and Friday, for corn, hay, and straw 3 Wednesday and Saturday, for general provisions) fish, cheese, and hides 3 and Thurs- day, for corn, cattle, and hides. There are several ex- cellent market-houses, well supplied. The principal market-place forms a spacious quadrangle 3 one side is occupied by the back of the exchange, forming a rustic arcade, over which is a pediment ornamented, with the city arms, and surmounted by a handsome turret. Fairs, each continuing eight days, on the first two of which there is a considerable show of cattle, are held on March 1 st and September 1 st. A spacious market- place for cattle has recently been erected by the corpo- ration, and trustees of the church lands of St. Thomas’, at an expense of £ 20)000 3 it,' occupies an area 400 feet square. Corporation Seal, Obverse, Reverse, The earliest charter of incorporation is supposed to be that of Henry II. 3 many others were subsequently granted, the principal of which were by Henry HI., Edward HI., Henry VII., Elizabeth, Charles II., and Queen Anne. By the act of the 5th and 6 th of Wil- liam lY., cap. 76 , the corporation now consists of a mayor, sixteen aldermen, and forty- dght councillors, and the city is divided into ten wards 3 a sheriff, recor- der, and other officers required by the act, are also ap- pointed, and the total number of magistrates is twenty- five. The elective franchise has been exercised since the 23rd of Edward I., and the cityreturns two members to parliament. The right of election was formerly vested in the freeholders and freemen at large,- in number about five thousand 3 but, by the act of the 2 nd of William IV., cap. 45, the non-resident freemen, except within seven miles of th4 city, have been disfranchised, and the privilege has bfeferi extended to the £10 house- holders of an enlarged district 3 the ancient boundary comprised about 784 acres, but the present embraces, by estimation, 4674. The sheriff is returning officer.. A court of general sessions of the peace iS' held quar- terly before the recorder, who is sole judge 3 prisoners charged with offences not cognizable at the sessions are removed for trial at the assizes for the county of Glou- cester. A court of assize and nisi prius is held annually at the close of the summer assizes for the western cir- cuit, at which the senior judge on that circuit pre- sides. A court called the Tblzey court (from hav- ing been ancieiilljf held at the place where the king’s tolls, or dues, Were collected), is held by prescription 3B1RI,S B R a S eveiiy Monday sunder the slierifF, in ibis character of bailiff of the hundred, aided by a. steward, who must be a barrister of three years’ standing ; its jurisdiction extends over the rrhole lof the county of the city, and on the river down to the Flat and Steep Holmes, below iCihgsrojad, twenty miles from the city 3 and it takes cognizance of all actions for debt, and other civil actions, to an unlimited amount, arising within the city 3 it also holds .pleas of ejectment, and issues processes of attache ment on the goods of foreigners sued for debt. A branch of this, similar in all its proceedings and juris- diction, is the court of pie-poudre, held for fourteen days in the open air, in the Old market, commencing on the 30th of September 3 and during this period the proceed- ings in the Tolzey court are suspended. A court of conscience is held under commissioners every Monday, pursuant to an act passed in the first of William and Mary, for the recovery of .debts under 405. 3 and an act for granting more effectual powers for its regulation was obtained in 1837. A court of requests, under an act of the 56th of George III., also, is held every Tuesday, for the recovery of debts above 405., and under any amount for which an arrest on mesne process may issue by law. The guildhall, lately pulled down to make way fora new edifice, was a very ancient building, decorated with the arms of Edward YI., those of George IV., and a statue of Charles II., and conta;ined, in the north wing, a small chapel, dedicated to St. George, founded in the reign of Richard II., by William Spicer, mayor. The council- house, for the transaction of civic affairs, is an elegant edifice of freestone, of the Ionic order, with a handsome portico and balustrade, and ornamented with a figure of Justice over the pediment. Merchants’ Hall, Coopers’ Hall, and others, formerly belonging to trading compa- nies, and many of them good buildings, are now appro- priated to private uses. The common gaol comprises ten wards, with day- rooms and airing-yards, for the classification of prisoners. The house of correction was possess the patronage of the five minor canonries, and of thirty-three benefices, with a net revenue of £3600. The Cathedral, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, was for- merly the collegiate church of a priory of BlacTc canons> founded by Robert Fitzharding, in 1148, and raised into an abbey in the reign of Henry II., the revenue being at the Dissolution £767. 15. 3. It is a venerable and highly-finished cruciform structure, with a lofty square embattled tower rising from the centre, strengthened .with buttresses and crowaied with pinnacles 3 it contains portions in the early, decorated, and later English styles, in all of them exhibiting specimens of the purest design and most elaborate execution. The nave was destroyed during the parliamentary war : the roofs of the choir and transepts, all of equal height and finely groined, are supported on clustered columns, richly moulded 3 and the remaining parts, from the striking beauty of their details, afford evidence of the grandeur of the interior when entire. At the entrance into the choir is an em- panelled screen, ornamented with carvings of the minor prophets 3 and in several small chapels of exquisite beauty are many interesting monuments, among which may be noticed those of Robert Fitzharding and of seve- ral of the abbots and bishops 3 of Mrs. Draper, the eulogized Eliza of Sterne 3 Lady Hesketh, celebrated by Cowper 3 and the wife of the Rev. William Mason, with a beautiful epitaph written by that poet. The chapter- house, a spacious edifice, highly enriched, in the latest style of Norman architecture, and part of the cloisters in the later English style, are still remaining 3 the en- trance gateway, in the lower part, Norman, and in the upper part, later English, is in a state of excellent pre- servation. The city comprised, within its ancient limits, the PARISHES of All Saints, St. Augustine, Christ-Ghurch, St. Ewin or Owen, St. John the Baptist, St. Leonard, St. Mary-le-Port, St. Mary’s Redcliffe, St. Michael, St. Nicholas, St. Peter, St. Stephen, St. Thomas, and destroyed by fire, by the rioters, in 1831, except a few of the cells, which have been repaired. Lawford’s Gate prison, without the city, is appropriated to that part of the. suburbs lying in the county of Gloucester. Bristol was separated from the diocese of Salisbury and raised into a see in 1542, the jurisdiction of which extended over the ; county of Ihe city, part of the county of Dorset, and :a few pa- rishes in the shire of Glou- cester. By the act of the 6th and 7th of William IV., cap. 77, the sees of Glou- cester and Bristol have been . r>-7 united^ and the diocese now ^ ?/:■ extends over the late diocese of Gloucester 3 the city and deanery of Bristol 3 the deaneries of Cricklade and Malmesbury, in Wilts, and previously in the diocese of Salisbury 3 and the parish of Bedminster, formerly in that of Bath and Wells : that part of Dorset which was in the diocese of Bristol has been transferred to Salis- St, Werburgh, besides Temple parish, or Holy Cross, part of the parishes of St. James, St. Paul, St. Philip and St. Jacob, and the extra-parochial ward of Castle Precincts, which has no church, and is exempted from all ecclesiastical assessments. By the Municipal Act the parish of Clifton, part of Westbury-upon-Trym, and those portions of the parish of St. Philip and St. Jacob, and of the united parishes of St. James and St. Paul, which were in the county of Gloucester, with part of the parish of Bedminster, in Somerset, have been com- prehended within the county of the city of Bristol. The living of All Sairds is a discharged vicarage, valued in the kings books at £4. 3. 4.3 net income, £l60 3 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Bristol. The church, to which a tower was added in 1716, is a .very ancient structure 3 the interior is a fine specimen of the early English style, and contains a magnificent monument, by Rysbrack, to the memory of Edward Colston, Esq., an eminent philanthropist, and a great benefactor to the city. The living of 'St. Augustine s is a discharged vicarage, valued at £6 3 net income, £320 3 patrons and appropriators, the Dean and Chapter. The church, which was built about the year 1480, com- bury. The bishop is elected alternately by the Dean and Chapter of Bristol, and the Dean and Chapter of Gloucester. The establishment consists of a bishop, dean, six prebendaries, five minor canons, a deacon, sub-deacon, and other officers : the six prebendaries 371 bines various portions in the early, with several in the later, English style. An additional church, of the Gre- cian-Doric order, with a cupola, was erected in 1823, at an expense of £8107, under the act of the 58th of George III., pursuant to the 1 6th section of which the 3 B 2 B R I S B R I S ancient parish has been divided into two parts. The living of Christ- Church parish is a discharged rectory, with that of St. Ewin’s united, valued in the king’s books at £11. 10. ; net income, £390. The church is a hand- some modern edifice, in the Grecian style, with a lofty tower of two stages, decorated with light columns and pilasters, and surmounted by an. octangular turret and spire. The living of St. John the Baptist's is a discharged rectory, with which that of St. Lawrence was consoli- dated in 1578, valued at £7. 4. 7- 5 net income, £150. The church is a handsome edifice, chiefly in the later English style, in which a gallery was erected in 1833 with 120 sittings. The living of St. Leonard's is a dis- charged vicarage, with that of St. Nicholas’ united, va- lued at £12 ; net income of St. Leonard’s, £253, and of St. Nicholas’, £243 : patrons and appropriators, the Dean and Chapter. The living of the parish of St. Mary- le-Port is a discharged rectory, valued at £7 } net income, £150 5 patron, Duke of Buckingham. The church is a very ancient structure, of early English architecture, with a square embattled tower crowned by pinnacles. The living of St. Marys Redcliffe is a perpetual curacy, with that of St. Thomas^ united, and, with Abbot’s- Leigh, annexed to the vicarage of Bedminster, valued at £12. 6. 3. 5 net income, £366. The church was founded, in 1376, by Simon de Burton, mayor, and, after the damage it sustained from a violent storm, in 1445, that blew down two-thirds of the spire, was extensively re- paired by William Cannyngs. It is a spacious and mag- nificent cruciform structure, with a lofty and finely-pro- portioned tower at the west end, surmounted by the remaining part of the spire, which has not been rebuilt. The interior exhibits a continued series of the richest specimens, in every variety, from the early to the later style of English architecture 5 the proportions are grand, and the details exquisitely finished, but the beautiful east window has been blocked up with paintings from the pencil of Hogarth, and the organ, which has been removed to the west end of the nave, is supported by a heavy mass of modern masonry, by no means harmo- nizing with the character of the building. The north porch, which is entirely in the decorated style, is exceed- ingly beautiful,* and the Lady chapel, now used as a schoolroom, is a fine specimen of the later style. In the church are two monuments to the memory of Mr. Cannyngs, one bearing his effigy in magisterial robes, «tirmounted by a canopy 5 the other representing him as Dean of Westbury, he having been promoted to that dignity on entering into holy orders towards the close of his life. This exquisitely beautiful structure, being built of soft porous stone, has been greatly impaired by time, and is about to be restored in all the richness of its original details, which have mouldered into ruin. The remains of Sir William Penn, father of William Penn, founder of Pennsylvania, are deposited here. The living of St. Michael's is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £63 net income, £372. The church is a neat structure, in the ancient English style, with a very old tower. The living of St. Nicholas' a dis- charged vicarage, united to that of St. Leonard’s, and valued at £21. 1. I.3 appropriators, the Dean and Chapter. The church is a plain modern edifice, of an- cient English architecture 5 the interior forms a spacious area undivided by pillars ; in the crypt is a handsome monument to the memory of Alderman John Whitson, who represented the city in four parliaments. The .372 , living of St. Peter s is a discharged rectory, valued at £6. 7- 6. j net income, £239. The church is a vene- rable structure, and though so frequently repaired as to leave little of the original building, still retains much of its character and interest : Richard Savage, whose talents and sufferings have excited so much admiration and sympathy, was interred in it. The living of St. Stephens is a discharged rectory, valued at £16, and in the patronage of the Crown 5 net income, £292. The church, founded in 1470, by John Shipward, Esq., mayor, is a very handsome structure, in the later style of English architecture, with a lofty and beautiful tower, crowned with light pierced battlements and turrets, and a porch, the details of which are exquisitely rich. The living of Temple parish is a discharged vicarage, valued at £3. 4. 2. j net income, £387. The church, founded by the Knights Templars, in 1145, is a spacious edifice, partaking of the late Norman and early English styles, with a fine tower, declining considerably from the perpendicular, disunited from the body, of the church by the vibration caused by ringing the bells. The living of St. Thomas' is a perpetual curacy, united to that of St. Mary’s Redcliffe, and annexed to the vicarage of Bed- minster : the church, founded in the twelfth century, was rebuilt in 1793, and is a handsome structure, in the later English style. The living of St. Werburgh's is a discharged rectory, valued at £10, and in the patronage of the Crown 5 net income, £70. The church, founded in 1190, and, wdth the exception of the tower, which was added to it in 1385, rebuilt in 176I, is in the later style of English architecture ; it is highly ornamented within, and contains a monument to the memory of Robert Thorne, founder of the grammar school. In this church, the Litany was first celebrated in English, in 1543. The living of St. James' is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £551. The church, anciently collegiate, was made parochial in 1347, when the tower was added 3 the interior contains some fine portions in the Norman style, particularly a curious circular window. Robert, Earl of Gloucester, founder of the priory of St. James, to which the church belonged, and Eleonora, niece of King John, who is said to have been forty years con- fined in Bristol Castle, are supposed to lie interred in the church. The living of St. Paul's is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £513. The living of the parish of St. Philip and St. Jacob is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £15 ; net income, £440 3 impropriator, R. C. Blathwayte, Esq. The church, founded in the twelfth century, is a spacious and handsome structure, in the early English style, with a lofty square embattled tower : 7OO additional sittings have been lately pro- vided. The Royal Commissioner^ have made a condi- tional grant for the erection of two churches in this parish, of one of which, on Barton-hill, the first stone was laid 24th May, 1842. St. Mark's, commonly called the mayor’s chapel, in College-green, formerly collegiate, is a small edifice, containing elegant specimens of the early, decorated, and later styles of English architecture, with a beautiful tower 3 the altar-piece, a few years since restored, contains some handsome niches in the later style, and fine tabernacle work 3 and to the east of the tower is a small chapel, now used for a vestry-room, with a ceiling of fan tracery of exquisite workmanship. There are several episcopal chapels, the principal of which are, Foster's, in Steep- street, and Colston s, on St. Michael’s Hill. Trinity chapel, a neat building, in the B R I S B R I S later English style, w|is erected at an expense of £8800, of which £6000 were granted by the Commissioners for building New Churches : the living is a perpetual cu- racy, with a net income of £140, in the patronage of the Vicar of the parish of St. Philip and St. Jacob. St, Georges church, in Great George-street, is a handsome structure, in the Grecian style, with a portico of the Doric order : the living is a vicarage, not in charge j net income, £285 j patrons and appropriators, the Dean and Chapter. There are places of worship for Baptists, the Society of Friends, the Connexion of the Countess of Huntingdon, Independents, Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists, Moravians, Scotch Seceders, Swedenborg- ians, Unitarians, and Roman Catholics, besides two synagogues. An act for establishing a general cemetery was obtained in 1837. The free grammar school was founded in 1352, fey Robert Thorne, who bequeathed £1000, which sum, together with houses and land belonging to the dissolved hospital of St. Bartholomew, was appropriated to its erection and endowment, and various benefactions having since been made, it now possesses 590 acres of land and some houses ; it has several exhibitions, and two small fellowships at St. John’s College, Oxford. The gram- mar school in College-green is attached to the cathedral, and endowed with £40 per annum, for the instruction of the choristers by one of the minor canons. The free grammar and writing school, in the parish of Redcliffe, was established by letters-patent granted in the 13th of Elizabeth, and endowed by Alderman Whitson and others, with annuities amounting to £21. Queen Eliza- beth’s hospital, founded, in 1586, by John Carr, an opulent citizen, whose endowment of it, increased by subsequent benefactions, produces about £2400 per an- num, is under the management of charity trustees. The free school, in St. jiugustine’s parish, called Colston’s Hospital, was instituted; in 1708, by Mr. Edward Colston, who endowed it for 100 boys : in this school Chatterton was maintained for seven years, and within that period is thought to have composed several of his poems. The free school in Temple parish was also en- dowed with £80 per annum by Mr. Colston. The Merchants’ Hall school, in St. Stephen’s parish, w’^as established, in 1738, by Dame Susannah Holworthy, and endowed by her and other benefactors 5 the Mer- chants’ Society, in part of whose hall the school is held, pay a master £80 per annum. The school in Pile-street, for boys of the parishes of Redcliffe and St. Thomas, is supported partly by an endowment of £20 per annum, by Mr. Colston 5 the income is about £170. The Red Maids’ school was founded, in 1627, and endowed, by Alderman Whitson, for girls : a building, in the ancient collegiate style, has been lately erected for it on a more eligible site, from the designs of Mr. C. Dyer. There are also, a school in Temple parish, endowed with a permanent fund for girls 5 the Diocesan school, con- taining 240 boys and 120 girls, and partly supported by the proceeds of a legacy of £200 5 the Clergy Daughters’ school, established in 1833 ; and Ellbridge’s school for girls, supported by endowment 3 and national and other schools have been opened in various parts of the city. Trinity hospital, or almshouses, for ten aged men and thirty-six poor women, is of very ancient date 5 the endowment, increased by benefactions, produces £790 per annum, and the premises consist of two separate 373 ranges of buildings, on opposite sides of Old Market- street, to one of which is attached a neat chapel. Foster s almshouses, in Steep-street, were founded and endowed in 1492, by John Foster, merchant, for fourteen aged persons, whose revenue is at present about £330 3 they are built of stone, and have a small chapel annexed. Temple hospital was founded and endowed, in 16 13, by the Rev. Dr. White ^ its revenue amounts to upwards of £600, and the number of the inmates has been increased to 24 5 the premises consist of two parallel ranges of buildings, connected at one end by a wall, the area form- ing a garden.' Two almshouses of stone, one in Temple- street, containing twelve tenements, and the other in the old market-place, containing sixteen, were founded, in 9, Alderman Stevens ^ the endowment consisting of 354 acres of land, produces £750 per annum. The Merchants' almshouses, in King-street, were founded by John Welch and other mariners, in the 4th of Elizabeth j they are endowed with £1000, from the bequest of Richard Jones, Esq., of Stowey, and comprise 31 tene- ments, occupied by nineteen seamen and twelve women. Colston's almshouses, on St. Michael’s Hill, were founded and endowed, in 1 696, by Mr. Edward Colston, for twelve aged men and twelve aged women j the income is about £300. Mrs. Sarah Ridley founded an almshouse in 1716, which she endowed with £2200, for five ba- chelors and five maids 5 the endowment was augmented by Mr. John Jocham, with £1000, and, with subsequent benefactions, produces at present £155 per annum. The almshouses in Milk-street were founded by Mrs. Eliza- beth Blanchard, in 17^^^ who endowed them for five aged persons ; the income is £95 per annum. The revenue arising from the various charitable endowments amounts to nearly £17,000 per annum. The Infirmary, the great medical and surgical school for the western counties, is conducted on a plan of truly beneficent liberality, and embraces every possible case of calamity or disease 3 it was opened for the reception of patients in I786, arid is nobly supported by donations and voluntary subscrip- tions 3 the building, to which a new wing was added a few years since, at an expense of £10,000, is spacious and well arranged, and in an open and healthy situation. A new hospital and dispensary has been instituted in the populous parish of Bed minster, on the Somersetshire side of the city. The asylum for the indigent blind of both sexes, from all parts of the kingdom, who are in- structed in basket- making, and other trades, is a valu- able institution 3 and a dispensary, hospital for diseases of the eye, asylum for female orphans, refuge society, penitentiary, and numerous other charitable and bene- volent institutions, are extensively patronized and sup- ported. Of the ancient fortifications, the tower gateway, a plain arch at the end of John-street, and St. John’s gate, under the tower of St. John’s church, decorated with statues and much ornamented, are all that now exist. There are partial remains of some of the nume- rous Religious Houses which once flourished, in the city and its immediate vicinity, comprised in the buildings of the schools and charitable institutions that have been established by the corporation and other individuals, into whose possession* they were, transferred at the Dissolu- tion. Of these the principal were, a priory of Bene- dictine monks, to the north-east of the city, founded by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, in the latter part of the B R I S B;R I K reiga of Henry I., or the beginning of that of Stephen:; a nunnery, to the north of the city, ^established in the time of Henry IL, by Eva, widow of Robert Fitzharding, of w^hich she was prioress, the revenue of which, at the Dissolution, was £21. 11. 3. ; .St. John’s hospital, on the road to Bath, instituted in the reign of .King John, the revenue of which was £51. 10. 4. ; St. Catherine’s hos- pital, founded in the reign of Henry III , by Robert de Berkeley, and the revenue of w^hich was £21. 15. 8. ; St. Lawrence’s hospital for lepers, established in the time of Henry III.; an hospital dedicated to the Blessed Virgin and St. .Mark, instituted in 1229, by Maurice de Gaunt, and the revenue of which was £140 ; a house of Black friars, by the same founder, who also erected a college of calendaries ; a house of Grey friars, estab- lished in 1234 ; a house of White friars, instituted in 1267 by Edward !., when Prince of Wales ; an establish- ment .for Augustine friars; founded, in the reign of Henry II., by Simon and William Montacute ; and Trinity hospital, near Lawford-gate, established by John Barstable, in the time of Henry V. In excavating for the Great Western railway, about the beginning of June, .1839, a remarkably line tusk of the mammoth was dis- covered, lying on a bed of new red sandstone, about seven feet below the surface,, bet ween the Bristol cotton- works and St. Philip’s bridge ; and some very fine spe- cimens of iron and lead ores were also found near the same spot. The city is distinguished as the birthplace of many Eminent Characters, among whom may be noticed Sebas- tian Cabot, who first discovered the continent of North America, in 1498 ; Hugh Elliot, who discovered New- foundland, in 1527 ; William Grocyn, Greek professor at Oxford in the beginning of the sixteenth century ; Tobias Matthew, Archbishop of York ; the Rev. Mr. Catcott, author of a treatise on the Deluge ; Sir William Draper, who distinguished himself by his epistolary replies to the strictures of Junius ; Admiral Sir William Penn ; the Rev. John Lewis, author of the Life of WycklifFe, History of the Translations of the Bible, &c. ; the poet Chatterton ; Mrs. Mary Robinson, from the sweetness of her poetry called the British Sappho ; Ed- ward Colston, merchant, who died in 1721, and Richard Reynolds, one of the Society of Friends, and a proprietor of the iron- works at Colebrook-dale, both distinguished for their munificent charities ; Thomas Edward Bow- ditch, the African traveller ; and Sir Thomas Lawrence, Bird, and several other artists of eminence. Bristol gives the titles of Earl and Marquess to the family of Hervey. BRISTON {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Erpingham, hundred of Holt, W. division of Norfolk, 4. miles (8. S. W.) from Holt; containing 963 inhabit- ants. The parish comprises 2824a. Ir. 5p., of which about 218.1 acres are arable, 242 meadow, pasture, and woodland, and 400 waste and common ; the village, which is considerable, is situated near the springhead of ithe river Bure. A swine and sheep market is held every Tuesday, a cattle fair on the 26th of May, and a wake on the day after Old Michaelmas-day. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, valued in the king’s^books at £4. 9. 9j., and in the gift of the Rev. Robert Bond : the impro- priation belongs to Winton charity ; the glebe contains ;39^ acres. The church, which is in the decorated and later English styles, and consists of a nave and chancel, 374 formerly had a north aisle, the arches, though now filled up, being still visible; the tower, which fell down in 1724, has not been rebuilt. There are places of worshijp for Independents, Wesley ans, and Primitive Methodists. Thomasine Seamier, in I667, bequeathed £110, partly for apprenticing children. BRITFQRD, or BURFORD {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Alderbury, hundred of Cawden and Cadworth, Salisbury and Amesbury, and S. divisions of Wilts, 1^ mile (S. E. by S.) from Salisbury,; con- taining, with the hamlets of East Harnham and Long- ford, 878 inhabitants. A stream in the parish w^as cut - for a canal in the reign of Charles II., to form a line of communication with Christchurch, in the county of Southampton ; but, owing to the shifting of the sand, it was never completed. The manufacture of horse-hair is carried on to a limited extent ; and a large fair for sheep is held on Aug. 12th. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13 ; net income, .£281,; patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Salis- bury. The great tithes have been commuted for £700, and the glebe comprises 39 acres ; the vicarial have been commuted for £350, and the glebe comprises 1 acre. The church, a spacious cruciform structure, with a central tower, contains a tomb, considered by some to be that of the Duke of Buckingham, who was beheaded by Richard HI. A school is partly supported by sub- scription. BRITTENTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Stand- lake, union of Witney, hundred of Bampton, county of Oxford ; containing 162 inhabitants. BRITWELL, a liberty, in the parish and hundred of Burnham, county of Buckingham, 4 miles (N*. N. W.) from Eton ; containing 94 inhabitants. BRITWELL-PRIOR, a chapelry, in the parish of Newington, union of Henley, hundred of Ewelme, county of Oxford, 6^ miles (S. S. W.) from Tets worth.; containing 52 inhabitants. The mansion-house was formerly a nunnery, and subsequently belonged to the Weld family. BRITWELL-SALOME {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Henley, hundred of Lewknor, county of Oxford, 5| miles (S. by W.) from Tetsworth ; contain- ing 233 -inhabitants. It comprises 726a. 3r. 26p., ex- clusively of ground occupied by a beech wood on the west side of Bcitwell Hill. An act for inclosing lands was passed in 1842. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 19- 2.; net income, including glebe, £200 ; patron, Earl of Carrington. Three small schools are partly supported by charity. The lower Ikeneld- street passes under the hill. BRIXHAM {Firgin Mary), a sea-port, market- town, and parish, in the union of Totnes, hundred of Haytor, Paignton and S. divisions of Devon, 27|: miles (S.) from Exeter, and 198 (W. S. W.) from London,; containing 5684 inhabitants. This town, at which Wil- liam, Prince of Orange, landed on the 5th of Nov. 1688, is pleasantly situated near the southern extremity of Torbay, on the west side, and is irregidarly built, though containing many good houses, several of which are on the cliffs above the harbour : a handsome column of granite has been erected on the spot where the prince landed. The inhabitants are amply supplied with water,; the air is salubrious, the environs pleasant, and its vici- uity to Torquay renders it desirable as a place of resi- B R I X B R I X deuce. During the late war^ it was of some importance as a garrison town, the barracks, at Bury Head being sufficiently spacious to accommodate several regiments j they are inclosed, in two regular fortresses, which, with the ditches and drawbridges> remain in complete repair, but the barracks have been dismantled. The port, which is a member of that of Dartmouth, carries on a consider- able coasting- trade, in which 120 vessels, of from 60 to 150 tons’ burthen, are employed : they are also engaged in the foreign fruit trade during the season. The har- bour, consisting of two basins, communicating with each other, is safe and commodious 3 the outer basin was formed by the erection of a second pier, which was begun in 1803, and completed in 1809, by subscription, under an act authorizing the lords of the manor to raise £6000 on security of the tolls. On the liquidation of the debt now due, it is in contemplation to erect another pier, on the eastern side of the harbour, towards Bury Head, in furtherance of which object, an act for im- proving the pier, harbour, and market, and for the formation of a break- water, was obtained in 1837 : vessels will then be enabled to ride in perfect safety during easterly winds, and Brixham will be a safe har- bour for both homeward and outward bound ships; During spring-tides the water rises to the height of 24 feet at the pier-head. There are 105 vessels, of from 20 to 45 tons’ burthen, and 64 smaller boats, engaged in the fishing trade, which is carried on to a considerable extent : the fish caught are chiefly turbot and soles, for the supply of the London, Bath, and Exeter markets. The trade of the town has derived some increase from being the rendezvous of ships of war, which here lay in their supply of water. There are some extensive quarries of marble in the vicinity. The market-days are Tuesday and Saturday 3 the fair is on Whit-Tuesday and two following days. The parish is divided into Higher and Lower Brix- ham, and comprises 5213a. 3r. 12p. The living is a discharged vicarage, with the perpetual curacy of Churston-Ferrers annexed, valued in the king’s books at £52. 15., and in the patronage of the Crown 3 im- propriator, Miss Knollis 3 net income, £494, with a house. The church, situated in Higher Brixham, is an ancient structure, containing some interesting monu- ments, among which is the cenotaph of the late Judge Duller 3 it was enlarged in 1825. The chapel at Lower Brixham was erected, about the year 1822, by the vicar, aided by a large subscription, and by a grant of £ 12 (T 0 from the Parliamentary Commissioners, and was made a district church by act of the 58th of George III. 3 it is a neat building, in the Enghsh style, and contains 300 free sittings. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the Crown 3 net income, £141. There are places of worship for Baptists and Wesley ans; A na^- tional school has been incorporated with an older estab- lishment, endowed in 1634, and also in 1692, with rents of estates by Messrs. Kellond and Kelly. At Higher Brixham is Lay Well, the water of which ebbs andvflows about nine times in an hour 3 the variation is about an inch and a quarter. Bury Head is said to have been the site of a Roman fortress : several ancient coins, in excellent preservation^ were found in the vicinity in 1830. BRIXTON, a parish, in the union of Plympton St. Mary; hundred of Plympton, Ermington and 375 Plympton, and S. divisions of Deyon, 5 miles (E.) from Plymouth 3 containing 823 inhabitants. This parish comprises 2838a. 33p., and the road from Plymouth to Exeter, through Totnes, and that from Plymouth to Dartmouth, through Modbury and Kingsbridge, pass through the village. Quarries of slate and marble are wrought, the latter of which is used for building, for the making of lime, and for mending the roads 3 coal and culm are imported, and agricultural produce, and slate, are exported by means of the river Y.ealm, which forms the southern boundary of the parish. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £124 3 patrons. Dean and Canons of Windsor 3 impropriator, T. Splatt, Efeq., whose tithes have been commuted for £642. The church is a remarkably neat structure, in the later English style, and is supposed to have been built about the close of the fifteenth century, with the exception of the chancel, which is part of a former chapel. Two schools are supported partly by charity. A distribution is made annually to the poor, of blankets, clothing, and money, from the income of lands 3 and a considerable sum from this source has, for many years past, been applied to the repairs of the church. Lewis Fortescue,. a baron of the exchequer in the reign of Henry YIII., was born at Spriddleston 3 and Elizaeus Heale, of the: Inner Temple, in the reign of Elizabeth, who was called Pious uses Heale,” from his bequeathing £1500 per annum* for charitable purposes, was born at Wollaton 3 both which places are in Brixton parish. BRIXTON, or Brighstone (St. Mary)^ a parish, in the liberty of West Medina, Isle of Wight incorporation and division of the county of Southampton, 7 miles^ (S. W. by W.) from Newport 3 containing 710 inhabitants. The village is pleasantly situated, commanding an exten- sive view of the, British Channel^ and in the neighbour- hood are several of those chasms which form so distiii- guishing a feature in this part of the coast. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £30. 3. 4., and in the patronage of the Bishop of Winchester : the tithes have been commuted for £ 670 . The church is of very primitive character, with a massive tower, sur- mounted by a low spire of lead 3 the: interior is neatly fitted up. The' rectory-house is n pleasant residence,^ and the glebe comprises 5 acres. The Rev. Noel Digby^, rector, conveyed; in 1814, an estate in trust for the establishment of a school for twenty children 3 and the Venerable Archdeacon Wilber force and others pay for' attaching to it a national school of about 130 childrenu The celebrated Bishop Keix was rector of the parish. BRIXTON, an ecclesiastical district, in the parish and union of LambemvE, division of the hundred of Brixton and of the> bounty of Surrey, 4 j miles (8.. S. W.) from London; containing 10,175 inhabitants. This is one oL the most agreeable suburbs connected with the metropolis, and is divided into two part s> North Brixton andi Brixton Hill; it consists principally of ai line of road leading from^ Kennington to Streathanr, upwards of two miles in length, on each, side of which are ranges of neaf add welkbuilt houses; with others in detached situations surrounded by small shrubberies 3 and within its limits is Tulse Hilll a gradual ascent from the church, declining a little: towards? the east, and re- turning near its greatest acclivity^ ihtbiilMeimain road at Brixton Hill! Gn both sides* are -^l^^lht: villas: and. handsome: cottages; the: country residences of respecti^ B R I X B R I X able families, commanding a fine view of the metropolis, and rich prospects over the adjacent country. Works on a very extensive scale have been formed for supply- ing the neighbourhood with water. Brixton is within the jurisdiction of the court of requests for the borough of Southwark, for the recovery of debts not exceeding £5. On Brixton Hill stands the house of correction for the county, containing ten wards and ten day-rooms for the classification of prisoners j the tread-mill, completed in 18^1, was the first established. A church, dedicated to St. Matthew, and consecrated in June, 1824, has been erected, pursuant to an act of parliament for dividing the extensive and populous parish of Lambeth into five districts, Brixton being one, each of which, on the decease of the present incumbent of Lambeth, will be a distinct parish. It is in the Grecian style, with a handsome portico supported by four fluted columns of the Doric order at the west, and contains 19^26 sittings, of which 1022 are free ; the expense of its erection amounted to £15,192, which was defrayed by Her Majesty’s Commissioners 3 the tower was struck down by lightning, April 24th, 1842. The living is a district incumbency 3 net income, £650 3 patron. Rector of Lambeth. At Denmark Hill, in the district, is also a chapel, dedicated to St. Matthew. There are three places of worship for Independents, and one each for Wesleyans and Unitarians. Near the church is a na- tional school, erected in 1826, at an expense of £1200, and enlarged in 1 829 3 and an infants’ school was esta- blished in 1825. The St. Ann’s Society, for the mainte- nance, clothing, and education of children, whose parents have been previously in more prosperous circumstances, was originally founded in 1709j and for nearly a century had only a day school in London for clothing and in- structing thirty children of each sex from all parts of the/ kingdom. The first asylum which the society esta- blished, w^as at Lavenham, in Suffolk, in 1794, where twenty boys were admitted 3 this was subsequently removed to Peckham, in Surrey, and, in 1830, to the present building at Brixton Hill, erected for 150 children, at an expense of £8000, of which £2500 were paid for the site. It is a handsome edifice of brick, having a basement of stone, with a central piazza, from which rises a portico of four Ionic columns, supporting a triangular pediment, with a frieze and cornice continued round the building, which is also decorated at the angles with ant£E of corresponding character 3 it occupies, with the grounds attached, more than two acres of freehold land, and in 1838 the buildings were enlarged so as to admit 200 boys and 100 girls. In Acre Lane is Trinity Asylum, for aged females, founded and endowed by Thomas Bayley, Esq., in 1824 3 building comprises sixteen neat tenements. Mrs. Mary Bayley, his widow, has invested the sum of £2000 towards founding, in connexion with the above, an asylum for the education and maintenance of the orphans of gospel ministers and others. The Reform almshouses, erected from a fund raised by subscription, in commemoration of the passing of the Reform Act, were intended to form three sides of a quadrangle : one range only, however, has been erected, containing 31 houses, occupied by 60 tenants, behind each oL which is an allotment of garden-ground. BRIXTON-DEVERILL (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Warminster, hundred of Heytesbury, Warminster and S. divisions of Wilts, 4j miles (S.) 376 from Warminster 3 containing 197 inhabitants. It com- prises by admeasurement 2450 acres, which, with the exception of 50 of woodland, are chiefly arable 3 and the river Willy runs through the district, the surface of which is hilly, and the soil clayey. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19. 1. 0^., and in the patronage of the Bishop of Salisbury : the tithes have been commuted for £370, and there are 70^ acres of glebe. Alfred the Great is said to have slept here on the night before the battle of Westbury. Dr. Hunting- ford, late Bishop of Hereford, was for some time curate of the parish. BRIXWORTH (All Saints), a parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Orlingbury, N. division of the county of Northampton, 6 miles (N.) from Northampton 3 containing 1202 inhabitants. Bounded on the west bv a branch of the river Nene, and inter- sected by the road from Northampton to Harborough, the parish presents a moderately undulated surface, and consists of 2972 acres, of rather an inferior soil. The village, lying on the left of the road, is of some extent. A considerable portion of the female population are employed in making lace 3 and there are some stone- quarries and clay-pits. A chartered fair is held on June 5th, but has dwindled into a sale only for earthenware and gingerbread. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £14. 15. 10. 3 net income, £300 3 patron. Chancellor in the Cathedral of Salisbury, as Prebendary of Brixworth. Land and a certain annual money payment were assigned in lieu of tithes, under an inclosure act, in 178O. The church is a remarkable edifice, of large dimensions, and of very remote antiquity, being partly Anglo-Roman, and partly Norman, with minor alterations and insertions in the various styles of English architecture. The walls are mostly built with rough red stone rag, in pieces not much larger than common bricks 3 and all the arches are turned, and most of them covered, with courses of Roman bricks, or tiles. The nave and lower part of the square tower are of Anglo-Roman architecture of the third century, exhi- biting, since the removal of the plaster and whitewash, the Roman bricks, or tiles, in admirable preservation. The upper part of the tower, and the lofty steeple, of which the summit is about 140 feet from the ground, have been recently rebuilt 3 and attached to the western side of the square tower is a round Norman tower, con- taining a winding flight of stone steps, leading to the upper story of the former. On inspecting the opening of a grave in the chancel, on the 4th of Feb. 1841, the Rev. Mr. Watkins, the vicar, discovered a portion of the original basilica, which having been subsequently traced, the whole circuit of the original wall was found, together with an ancient floor of hardened cement, four feet below the floor of the present chancel, and on which most probably a Roman praetor sat and delivered his decisions. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A free school is endowed with 22 acres of good land, the bequest of Thomas Roe, of Scaldwell, in 1665 3 and there are also schools supported by the dissenters. Divers plots of land have been assigned by unknown benefactors for charitable purposes, consisting of six acres for repairing the church, and thirteen for the benefit of the poor. The union of Brixworth comprises 33 parishes or places, under the superintendence of thirty-eight guardians, and contains a population of B R O A B R O A 14^330. There is an unopened tumulus and it is thought that a monastery, or nunnery, anciently existed here. Ammonites, beleranites, and terebratul?e are oc- casionally discovered. BROAD-BLUNSDON.— See Blijnsdon, Broad.— And other places having a similar distinguishing prefix will ■he found under the proper name. BROADBRIDGE, a tything, in the parish of Bos- HAM, union of West-Bourne, hundred of Bosham, rape of Chichester, W. division of Sussex j contain- ing 9 inhabitants. BP.OADCAR, a hamlet, in the parish and hundred of Shropham, union of Wayland, W. division of Nor- folk, miles (N. by W.) from East Harling. This place, which appears to have been anciently a distinct parish, was united to Shropham previously to the reign of Edward III., and the church, dedicated to St. Andrew, has long been desecrated. BROAD-CHALK {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Wilton, hundred of Chalk, Salisbury and Amesbury, and S. divisions of Wilts, 5|- miles (S. W. by S.) from Wilton ; containing, with the tythings of Knighton and Stoke-Farthing, 775 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, with the vicarages of Alvediston and Bower-Chalk united, valued in the king’s books at £9>7* 14. ; net income, £336 ; patrons, Provost and Fellows of King’s College, Cambridge, the impro- priators of the two vicarages. A portion of land was assigned in commutation of a modus on certain estates in this parish and in that of Chilmark, by a private act, obtained in 1814. A* school for girls is aided by con- tributions. There are several vestiges of antiquity, the principal of which are, an encampment, including nearly six acres, and a barrow, called Gawen’s barrow. BROADFIELD, a parish, in the union of Bunting- ford, hundred of Odsey, county of Hertford, 3 miles (N. W. by W.) from Buntingford j containing 6 inha- bitants. The living is a rectory, annexed to that of . Cottered, and valued in the king’s books at £10: the church is in ruins. BROADFIELD, a tything, in the parish of Wring- ton, union of Axbridge, hundred of Brent with Wrington, E. division of Somerset 3 containing 575 inhabitants. BROADGATE, an extra-parochial liberty, in the hundred of West Goscote, N. division of the county of Leicester, 5 miles (N. W.) from Leicester ; contain- ing 7 inhabitants. Here are the ruins of a fine old mansion, once the property of the noble family of Gre}7^, of Groby, of which was the accomplished and unfortunate Lady Jane Grey, who was born here in 1537. BROADGREEN, a hamlet, in the parish of Broad- WAS, union of Hartley, Lower division of the hundred of OswALDSLOW’, Worcester and W. divisions of the county of Worcester 5 containing 113 inhabitants. BROADHEATH, a hamlet, in the parish of Hallow, union of Hartley, Lower division of the hundred of Oswaldslow, Worcester and W. divisions of the county of Worcester ; containing 482 inhabitants. BROADHEHBURY {St. Andrew), a parish" (for- merly a market-town), in the union of Ho niton, hun- dred of Hayridge, Cullompton and N. divisions of Devon, 5 miles (N. W.) from Honiton ; containing 851 inhabitants. The parish, according to a recent survey, VoL. I.— 377 comprises 4704 acres, of w^hich 2513 are arable, 1101 meadow and pasture, 243 woodland and plantations, 139 orchard ground, and the remainder common and waste : there are some quarries of whetstone. The manor formerly belonged to the abbot of Dunkeswell, who obtained for it the grant of a market and fair 3 the former has long been discontinued, but the latter is still held, for cattle, on the 11th of December. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £16. 17.3 net income, £227; patrons and appro- priators. Dean and Chapter of Exeter. The church is an ancient structure, with a handsome tower, and con- tains 450 sittings. There is a place of worship for dis- senters. In 1725, the Rev. John Burrough gave £40, the interest on which, with £10 a year paid out of the great tithes of Awliscombe, is appropriated to instruc- tion 3 and schools are partly supported by charity. In the village of Carswell was a small monastery, subor- dinate to the priory of Hontacute 5 and Hembury Fort comprises the remains of an encampment. The Rev. A. Hontague Toplady, the celebrated defender of Calvinistic principles, was vicar of the parish. BROADHOLHE, a hamlet, in the parish of Thor- NEY, union, and N. division of the wapentake, of Newark^ S. division of the county of Nottingham, 1 mile (E. by N.) from Tuxford 3 containing 90 inhabit- ants. A small Praemonstratensian nunnery was founded here, in the latter part of the reign of Stephen, by Agnes de Cam vile, in honour of the Blessed Virgin Hary, the revenue of which, in the 26th of Henry VIII., was esti- mated at £16. 15. 2. BROADHAYNE {St. Martin), a parish, in the union of Dorchester, hundred of George, but locally in that of Culliford-Tree, Dorchester division of Dorset, 4 miles (S. E. by S.) from Dorchester 3 containing 490 inhabitants. This place is situated on the road from Dorchester to Wareham, and comprises by admeasure- ment 1500 acres, chiefly arable land 3 the soil is chalky, and the produce consists principally of wheat, barley, oats, and turnips. Bricks, of excellent quality, are made to a considerable extent. The living is a rectory, annexed to that of West Knighton, and valued in the king’s books at £15. 4. 2. : land and a money payment were assigned in 1805, in lieu of tithes, and there is a good glebe-house. The church is in the Norman style. Parochial schools are supported partly by the rector. Hany tumuli of great antiquity may be seen in the neighbourhood. BROADOAK {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Liskeard, hundred of West, E. division of Cornwall, 6f miles (W. S. W.) from Liskeard 3 containing 303 in- habitants. The living is a discharged rectory, consoli- dated, in 1742, with the rectory of Boconnoc {which see) , and valued in the king’s books at £8. 13.4. The church contains a handsome font. A school is chiefly sup- ported by the rector. BROADSIDE, a grieveship, in the parish of Allen- dale, union of Hexham, S. division of Tindale ward and of Northumberland 3 containing 123 inhabit- ants. BROADSTAIRS, a small sea-port and hamlet, in the parish of St. Peter, union of Isle of Thanet, hundred of Ringslow, or Isle of Thanet, lathe of St. Augustine, E. division of Kent, 2 miles (N. E. by N.) from Ramsgate, 4 (S. E. by S.) from Hargate, and 75 3 C B R O A BRO A (E.) from London 3 containing 1459 persons. This place, anciently called Bradstow, exhibits many vestiges of its former importance 3 and, thongh subsequently reduced to an inconsiderable village, inhabited only by a few fishermen, it has lately risen into celebrity as a place of fashionable resort for sea-bathing, and is visited in the season by many respectable families, for whose accommodation several new buildings, and warm baths, with every requisite appendage, have been erected. There are two public libraries, an assembly-room, and an excellent hotel. Her present Majesty, when Princess Victoria, often resided here with the Duchess of Kent during the summer months, at Pierremont House. Lead- ing down to the shore is a stone arch, or portal, with walls built of flint, in which were gates and a portcullis, with a drawbridge attached to it, erected to protect the inhabitants from the incursions of privateers : above the arch is the inscription, York gate, built by George Calmer, A.D. 1540, repaired by Sir John Henniker, Bart., 1795 .” At a short distance from tbe gate stood a chapel, where was placed an image of the Virgin Mary, to whom it was dedicated, in passing which all vessels lowered their topsails, as a mark of reverence. The pier, which is accessible only to vessels of small burthen, was constructed in the reign of Henry VHI., for the safety of the craft employed in the fishing trade, which was once considerable 3 it is built of wood, and though an act of parliament was passed, in the 32nd of George HI., for the improvement of the harbour and the pier, the trade had decreased so much that its pro- visions were only partially carried into effect. The principal source of employment at present is boat- building. A neat chapel of ease was erected by sub- scription, aided by a grant of £400 from the Society for Building Churches, and was consecrated April 15th, 1830 3 it contains 6 I 6 sittings, 318 of which are free, and was enlarged in 1837, when national schools were erected, in connexion with it. There are places of wor- ship for Anabaptists and Wesleyans. Between Broad- stairs and Kingsgate is the North Foreland, the most eastern point of England, and supposed to have been the Roman station Cantium, mentioned by Ptolemy, on which a lighthouse was erected, in 1683. BROADSTONE, a hamlet, in the parish and hun- dred of Munslow, union of Ludlow, S. division of Salop 3 containing 210 inhabitants. Here is a chapel of ease to the rectory of Munslow. BROADWARD, a township, in the parish and union of Leominster, hundred of Wolphy, county of Here- ford, mile (S. by E.) from Leominster 3 containing 50 inhabitants. BROAD WAS {St. Mary Magdalene) , a parish, in the union of Martley, Lower division of the hundred of OswALDSLOw, though locally in the Upper division of the hundred of Doddingtree, Worcester and W. divi- sions of the county of Worcester, 6 miles (W.) from Worcester 3 containing, with the hamlet of Broadgreen, 326 inhabitants. It is washed by the river Teame on the south, and comprises about 1200 acres of a stiff clayey soil, the lower part of which is subject to flood : the road between Worcester and Bromyard crosses the parish from east to west. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 10 . 9 . 2 ., and in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of Worcester : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £275, and there is a 378 rectory-house, with a glebe of 48 acres. Two small schools are partly supported by voluntary contributions. Sarah Roberts, in 1797, bequeathed money, since in- vested in the purchase of £l 66 . 13.4. three per cent, reduced annuities, the interest of which is distributed among the poor on New-Year’s day. BROADWATER (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Preston (under Gilbert’s act), hundred ofBRiGHT- FORD, rape of Bramber, W. division of Sussex 3 con- taining, with the town of Worthing, 5345 inhabitants. This place, which is supposed to have derived its name from a broad expanse of water which formerly flowed from the sea to the south-east extremity of the village, is situated on the roads from London to Worthing, and from Brighton to Portsmouth 3 and is bounded on the south by the British Channel. The number of acres is estimated at 2650, of which about 150 are detached 3 the soil is rich and fertile, especially along the sea^shore, consisting of a deep rich loam, bearing luxuriant crops of wheat 3 the climate is mild and genial, being defended from the north and north-east winds by the range of the South Down hills, and myrtles and evergreens of all kinds flourish in perfection. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £36 3 net income, £602 3 patron and incumbent, the Rev. Peter Wood. The church is a spacious and venerable cruciform structure, partly in the Norman and early English styles, with a low central tower and a turret at the south-west angle 3 the interior is 139 feet in length, and 90 feet in breadth across the transepts. The chancel is richly groined, and the arch leading into it from the nave is in the richest style of the later Norman 3 it is lighted by a handsome east window, and contains several canopied stalls finely sculptured, and in a recess, on the south side, a bench, surmounted by a Norman arch. In the chancel is a superb monument to the memory of Thomas, Lord de, la Warre, who died in 1526 3 and on the east side of the south* transept is a handsome monument to Thomas, Lord de la Warre, who died in 1554, and was buried in the church. The whole of the interior has been recently restored, at an expense of £ 1200 . A national school is supported by subscription. In the parish is an emi- nence, called Cissbury Hill, containing 20 acres, sur- rounded by a vallum, and supposed to have been ori- ginally a British encampment, subsequently adopted by the Romans,* and lastly by the Saxons, from one of whose kings, Cissa, it is supposed to derive its name. BROADWAY {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Weymouth, hundred of Culliford-Tree, Dor- chester division of Dorset, 5 miles (S. S. W.) from Dorchester 3 containing 498 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the Weymouth and Dorchester road, and intersected by the river Wey, comprises by admeasurement 11,000 acres, about one-third of which is arable. There are some fine quarries, from which stone is obtained for lime and for building. At the hamlet of Nottingham is a mineral spring, which is used for medicinal purposes. The living is a rectory, annexed to that of Bincombe, and valued in the king’s books at £7. 15. 2 j. : the glebe contains about 100 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The southern entrance of the church, which is a small ancient edifice, is distinguished by a beautiful Norman arch of very early date. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and a school is supported by the rector and others. B R O A B R O € BROADWAY (St, Aldelme), a parish, in the union of Chard, hundred of Abdick and Bijlstone, W. division of Somerset, miles (W. by N.) from Ilmin- ster 5 containing, with the ty things of Capland, Broad- way, and Rapps, 570 inhabitants. The name of this place was given as descriptive of the situation of the few scattered huts which were constructed at an early period, along each side of a broad path leading through what was then the forest of Roche, or Neroche, so de- nominated from a Roman encampment called Roche, or Rachiche Castle^ on the edge of Blackdown Hill. The parish comprises 2012a. Sr, 32/?., of which 1043 acres are arable, 850 meadow and pasture, 99 orchards and gardens, and 19 wood. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £167 ; patron and impropriator. Rev. Wm. Palmer, D.D. The church, which belonged, until the Reformation, to the abbey of Bisham, in Berks, is a fine cruciform structure, with an ancient tower at the west end, and windows in the later English style : in the churchyard is a beautiful cross on a pedestal, orna- mented with figures of saints. A school is partly sup- ported by subscription 5 and an almshouse is endowed with about £21 per annum, for the support of seven poor men. BROADWAY {St, Eadburgh), a parish, in the. union of Evesham, Upper division of the hundred of Pershore, Pershore and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, 6 miles (S. E.) from Evesham 3 containing 1687 inhabitants. The parish comprehends by admea- surement 4692 acres, of which two-thirds are pasture, and the rest arable 3 it forms the south-eastern extre- mity of the county, and is surrounded on all sides ex- cept the north by that of Gloucester, and intersected by the road from Worcester to London 3 it contains some quarries of good freestone. A post-office has been, esta- blished. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10. 17., and in the patronage of certain Trustees 3 net income, £212: land, and an annual money payment, were assigned, in lieu of the tithes of the manor, in 1771. A new church was con- secrated in 1840, erected on the site of the chapel of ease, which was an ancient and small building 3 it is in the early English style, with a handsome tower at the west end, and is capable of containing 1000 persons. There are places of worship for Independents, Wesley ans, and Roman Catholics. Thomas Hodges, in 1686, gave land for the instruction of 20 poor boys, which was ex- changed for an allotment of 62 acres, under an in closure act, now producing £74 per annum. BROAD WELL {St, Paul), a parish, in the union of Stow-on-the-Wold, Upper division of the hundred of Slaughter, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 1^ mile (N. N. E.) from Stow 3 containing 345 inhabit- ants. It derives: its name from a spring which rises within its limits. The living is a rectory, with that of Adlestrop annexed, valued in the king’s books at £23. 11. lOj. 3 net income, £643 3 patron. Lord Leigh. The tithes of Broadway were commuted for land and an annual payment in money, in 1792. A school is sup- ported by subscription. BROAD WELL {St, Peter and St, Paul), a pa- rish, in the union of Witney, hundred of Bampton, county of Oxford, 5j miles (S.) from Burford 5 contain- ing, with the hamlet of Eilkins, and the chapelries of Holwell and Kelmscott, 1051 inhabitants. The living 379 / is a discharged vicarage, with Holwell and Kelmscott annexed, valued in the. king’s books at £8. 14. 4j. 3 net income, £270 5 patron, E. F. Colston, Esq. 5 impropri- ators, the Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Oxford3 lessee, W. Hervey, Esq. The tithes were commuted, in 177 fm* land and annual money payments. The church is. a spacious cruciform structure, with a massive western tower surmounted by a spire 3 in the chancel are some mural monuments to the Colston family. Near the churchyard are the remains of a cross 3 and at, Holwell is a very ancient chapel, with a Norman door on the north side. On the estate of Broadwell Grove may be. traced the line of the Roman Akeman- street, which continues its course towards Akeman-ceastre (Bath), BROADWELL, a hamlet, in the parish of Leaming- ton-Hastings, union of Rugby, S. division of the hun- dred of Knightlow, S. division of the county of Warwick ; containing 2.20 inhabitants. BROADWINSOR {St, John the Baptist), a parish and liberty, in the union of Beaminster, Bridport division of Dorset, 3 miles (W. by N.) from Beaminster3 containing, with Little Winsor, which is in Redhone hundred, I66I inhabitants. It comprises by admea- surement 6215 acres, of which 1222 are arable, 4579 meadow and pasture, and 292 w^oods and orchards. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £15. 8. 9., and in the patronage of the Bishop* of Salis- bury : the tithes have been commuted, for a rent-charge of £1282. 10., of which £530 are paid to the vicars choral, £2. 10. to the impropriator, and £750 to the vicar, who has a glebe-house, and 9 acres of land 3 the vicars choral have a glebe of 85 acres. A chapel of ease was erected at Bleekdown, in 1840, in the early English style, and dedicated to the Holy Trinity ; it is a neat and substantial building, and will accommodate 300 persons. There is an endowment of about £13, arising from land given by Robert Smith, in 1725, for the instruction of children. BROADWOOD-KELLY, a parish, in the union of Oakhampton, hundred of Black Torrington, Black Torrington and Shebbear, and N. divisions of Devon, 5^ miles (E. N. E.) from Hatherleigh 5 containing 47 1 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19. 7* 6.; iiet income, £2883 patron and incumbent, Rev. John Hole. A small school is partly supported by donations. BROADWOOD-WIDGER.— See Bradwood-Wid- GER. BROBURY {St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Weobly, hundred of Grimsworth, county of Here- ford, 8f miles (E.) from Hay; containing 7I inhabit- ants. Bounded on all sides, except on the, north-east, by a bend of the river Wye, the parish comprises 487 hcres, the soil being of the full average productiveness, and the surface moderately wooded. The river is here crossed by a bridge leading to Bredwardine. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £43 net income, £1863 patron and incumbent, Rev. N. D. H. Newton. BROCKDEN, or Brogden, a township, in the pa- rish of Barnoldswick, union of Skipton, E. division of the wapentake of Stain cliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 9| miles (W. S. W.) from Skipton 3 containing 219 inhabitants. The township comprises by computation I67O acres, including Admergill, which 3 C 2 B R O C B R O C adjoins Lancashire, and is ecclesiastically connected with the chapelry of Colne, in the parish of Whalley, in that county. BROCKDISH (St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in the union of Depwade, hundred of EarshAm, E. division of Norfolk, miles (S. W. by W.) from Harleston ; containing 466 inhabitants. The road from Bury-St. Edmund’s to Yarmouth passes through the parish, and the river Waveney separates it from the county of Suffolk. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £165 patron and incumbent, the Rev. Mr. Butterw^orth : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £340, and there are 24 acres of glebe. The church, which is chiefly in the later English style, consists of nave, chancel, and south aisle, with an embattled tower 3 the nave is separated from the chancel by the remains of a carved screen. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BROCKENHURST, a chapelry, in the parish of Boldre, union of Lymington, E. division of the hun- dred of New Forest, Lymington and S. divisions of the county of Southampton, 4^ miles (N. by W.) from Lymington 5 containing 928 inhabitants. The village is of Saxon origin, and is mentioned in Domesday book under the name Broceste, wherein it is stated to contain a church. It is beautifully situated on an eminence, on the road from Lyndhurst to Lymington, and commands a finely varied prospect over a considerable portion of the New Forest •, the parish comprises by computation 2880 acres, the soil of which is in some places a strong clay loam, and the Boldre or Lymington river flows past the northern extremity of the village. The chapel, which is subordinate to Boldre, stands on an artificial mound, and has a very ancient -spire j though some- what disguised by subsequent alterations, it exhibits various portions of early Norman architecture, and con- tains a large and curious font 5 it was enlarged in 1834. A church, to which is attached a schoolhouse, was erected on Sway Common, in 1838. There is a place of worship for Baptists. Henry Thurston, in 1745, gave property, now producing £24 per annum, applied to the support of a national school for boys 5 a school for girls is supported by Lady Caroline Morant, and three infants’ schools by subscription. Various tumuli are dispersed over Sway Common, on the south-west of the village 5 some of them lie within the area of an intrench- ment, on the brow of a hill, a short distance south-east of Setley Wood ; and two have a regular fosse and val- lum. Watcombe House, in Brockenhurst Park, w^as for three years the residence of John Howard, the philan- thropist. BROCKFORD, a hamlet, in the parish of Wether- iNGSETT, union and hundred of Hartismere, W. divi- sion of Suffolk, mile (E. S. E.) from Mendlesham, on the road from London to Norwich 5 containing 277 inhabitants. BROCKHALL (St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in the union of Daventry, hundred of Newbottle- Grove, S. division of the county of Northampton, 2 miles (N. by E.) from Weedon 5 containing 59 inha- bitants. The parish comprises about 850 acres, consist- ing chiefly of pasture and plantations 5 it is intersected in its western portion by the Grand Junction canal, and the London and Birmingham railway, which has a sta- tion at Weedon, also runs through it. On that part of 380 the Watling- street which passes by the gate of Mr. Thornton’s premises, is found the uncommon plant, called the Eryngium Eriaphorum, or field eryngo. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13, and in the gift of Thomas Reeve Thornton, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £160. 6., and there is a good glebe-house, with upwards of 8 acres of glebe, exclusively of 30 acres in the adjoining parish of Floore. The church is a small ancient structure, adjoining Mr. Thornton’s mansion, partly Norman, and partly in the early English style. Chalybeate springs are found in this and the neighbouring parishes, all of which derive their mineral qualities from the inferior oolite, the escarpment of which forms the hills of this district, ranging north-east and south-west. BROCKHAMPTON, with Knowle, a tything, in the parish and hundred of Buckland-Newton, union of Cerne, Cerne division of Dorset, 12 miles (N. by E.) from Dorchester; containing 188 inhabitants. BROCKHAMPTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Bishop’s-Cleeve, union of Winchcombe, hundred of Cleeve, or Bishop’s-Cleeve, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 3 miles (N. by E.) from Cheltenham ; containing, with Southam, 278 inhabitants. The Bir- mingham and Gloucester railway passes through the village, and crosses Cleeve Common. An infants’ school is supported by Lord Ellenborough. BROCKHAMPTON, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Bromyard, hundred of Broxash, county of Hereford, 3j miles (E. N. E.) from Bromyard 3 con- taining 88 inhabitants, and comprising, with the town- ship of Norton, 2879 acres, exclusively of 133 in the extra-parochial place of Lower Brockhampton. It is a rich and fertile district. A free chapel was built some years .ago, the right of presentation to which belongs to John Barneby, Esq. The tithes have been commuted for rent-charges amounting to £188. 10., of which £125 are payable to the Dean and Chapter of Hereford, and £63. 10. to the vicar of the parish. BROCKHAMPTON (Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Ross, hundred of Greytree, county of Hereford, 6 miles (N.) from Ross 5 containing 132 inhabitants. The parish is beautifully situated on the left bank of the river M^ye, and abounds with picturesque scenery. It comprises by admeasurement 785 acres, about 150 of which are pasture, and the rest arable, with the exception of about 60 acres of woodland, con- sisting chiefly of oak and elm 3 the soil is fertile, and is formed principally of the detritus of the old red sand- stone 3 there are some quarries of good building-stone, and also stone for the roads. The village is pleasantly seated near the eastern bank of the river, which is here navigable for barges of 40 tons’ burthen. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £74; patrons and ap- propriators. Dean and Chapter of Hereford. The great tithes have been commuted for £125, and the vicarial for £63. 10. The church, a neat edifice in the later English style, has a tower and two bells, and a piscina for holy water at the entrance door; in the churchyard is an ancient cross. A parochial school is supported chiefly by Mrs. Powell, of Fawley Court. A little to the north of the village are the remains of a Roman encampment with a double trench. BROCKHAMPTON, a tything, in the parish of Newington, union of Wallingford, hundred of B R O C B R O D Ewelme, county of Oxford, 6^ miles (N.) from Wal- lingford ; containing 113 inhabitants. BROCKHAMPTON, a tything, in the parish, union, and liberty of Havant, Fareham and S. divisions of the county of Southampton ; containing 109 inhabitants. BROCKHOLES, with Grimsargh, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Preston, hundred of Amoun- DERNEss, N. division of the county of Lancaster, Smiles (E. by N.) from Preston 3 containing 331 in- habitants. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £50. 13. 3., and the vicarial for £6. 10. BROCKLEBANK, with Stoneraise, a township, in the parish of Westward, union of Wigton, Al- lerdaee ward below Derweiit, W. division of Cumber- land, 5^ miles (S. E.) from Wigton 3 containing 6 17 inhabitants. BROCKLESBY {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Caistor, E. division of the wapentake of Yarbo- rough, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 10 miles (S. E.) from Brigg 3 containing, with Newsham, extra- parochial, and the hamlet of Limber Parva, 243 inhabit- ants. This place comprises by comgutation 2454 acres, of which 1614 are pasture, 380 arable, and 460 wood- land. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 10. 10. 3 net income, £287 ; patron. Lord Yarborough ; the tithes were commuted in 1812, for land and corn-rents. A monastery of the Praemon- stratensian order, in honour of St. Mary and St. Mar- tial, was founded at Newsham, in the parish, by Peter de Gousla, in 1143, which, at the Dissolution, had a revenue of £114. 1. 4. BROCKLEY {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Bedminster, forming, with the parish of Kingston- Seymour, a detached portion of the hundred of Chew- ton, E. division of Somerset, 9 miles (S. W.) from Bristol 3 containing 171 inhabitants. This parish, which is beautifully situated on the road from Bristol to Wes- ton-super-Mare, comprises by computation 700 acres : there are some quarries of limestone of excellent quality. About a quarter of a mile to the south-east of the church, is a strikingly romantic glen, called Brockley Coombe, nearly a mile in length, inclosed on each side by steep banks of rugged rocks, rising to the height of nearly 300 feet, and thickly interspersed with lofty trees of luxuriant growdh. The Bristol and Exeter railway ' skirts the parish, about a mile to the north of the church. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 18. 4.3 net income, £128 3 patrons, the Trustees of the late Rev. Wadham Pigott. The church is an ancient structure, with a square embattled tower, and a south porch 3 the interior displays much elegance. A national school has been established. Lead-ore exists in the eastern part of the parish, and there are numerous basaltic columns, similar to those forming the Giant’s Causeway in Ireland. ■* BROCKLEY {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union and hundred of Thingoe, W. division of Suffolk, miles (S. S. W.) from Bury-St. Edmund’s 3 containing 380 inhabitants, and comprising by computation nearly 1500 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 4. 2.3 net income, £330 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. J. D. Sprigge, whose rectory-house was consumed on the night of the 6th of April, 1841, by an accidental fire which destroyed property to the amount of £2000. The church is an ancient structure* Thomas 381 Sparke, in 1721, bequeathed a rent-charge of £7 for the education of five children. One poor woman of the parish is eligible to the almshouse at Hawstead, and entitled to £5 per annum, under the will of Sir Robert Drury 3 and under John Sutton’s charity, two men of Brockley receive £6 per annum. BROCKM ANTON, a township, in the parish of Puddlestone, union of Leominster, hundred of Wol- phy, county of Hereford, 4f miles (E. by N.) from Leominster. BROCKSFIELD, a township, in the parish of Em- BLETON, union of Alnwick, S. division of Bambrough ward, N. division of Northumberland, 2f miles (N. N. E.) from Alnwick 5 containing 24 inhabitants. It comprises 312 acres, and is the property of John Carr, Esq. 3 the soil is of an inferior nature, but several young healthy plantations are scattered over the township. BROCKTHROP {St. Swithin), a parish, in the union of Wheatenhurst, Middle division of the hun- dred of Dudstone and King’s Barton, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 4 miles (S. E.) from Glou- cester 3 containing I69 inhabitants. This place is situ- ated on the road between Gloucester and Stroud, and near the head of a small stream which falls into the Severn. The living is a discharged vicarage, endowed with a portion of the rectorial tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £ 7 . 17- b., with a net income of £143 : it is in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Glou- cester, appropriators of the remainder of the great tithes. A school is supported by the lord of the manor. BROCKTON, a township, in the parish of Worthen, hundred of Chirbury, S. division of Salop, 7i miles (N. E.) from Montgomery 3 containing 303 inhabitants. BROCKTON, a township, in the parish of Baswich, E. division of the hundred of Cuttlestone, union, and S. division of the county of Stafford, 4 miles (S. E. by E.) from Stafford ; containing 238 inhabitants. A school is endowed with £6. 6. per annum. BROCKWEAR COMMON, an extra parochial dis- trict, adjoining the parish of Hew>^elsfield, union of Chepstow, hundred of St. Briavell’s, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 5^ miles (N. N. E.) from Chepstow ; containing 212 inhabitants. BROCKWORTH {St. George), a parish, in the Upper division of the hundred of Dudstone and King’s Barton, union, and E. division of the county, of Gloucester, 4 miles (E. S. E.) from Gloucester 3 con- taining 409 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the old road from Gloucester to Cirencester, com- prises by measurement 1840 acres : stone for the roads is found. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 3. 4. ; patron and impropria- tor, J. Watts, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £151, and the glebe comprises 26 acres. The church is a very ancient structure, with a low cen- tral tower 3 in the chancel is a handsome marble monu- ment to Sir Christopher Guise. A small school is sup- ported by Sir B. W. Guise, Bart., and a national school by subscription. The parish is crossed by the Ermin- street. BRODSWORTH {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Doncaster, N. division of the wapentake of Strafforth and Tickhill, W. riding of York, 5^ miles (N. W. by W.) from Doncaster 3 containing, with the township of Brodsworth and the hamlets of Pigburn and B R O M B ROM Scawsby, 467 inhabitants. It abounds with limestone of superior quality, w^hich is extensively quarried. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 6. 10^. 3 net income, £367 3 patron. Archbishop of York. An allotment of land was given in lieu of tithes, in 1815. A free school was founded, in 1696, by B’Arcy Wentworth, for ten children, for whose instruction the sum of £10 is annually paid out of the Brodsworth estate. This estate belonged to Peter Thellusson, Esq., and is now vested in trustees, accord- ing to the singular will of that gentleman, who directed that the greater part of his immense property should be allowed to accumulate, and, at a future fixed period, in default of a male heir, be applied towards discharg- ing the national debt. Mrs. Thellusson assigned an annual income of £4. 4., for which six girls are in- structed BROKENBOROUGH {St, John the Baptist), a parish, in the union and hundred of Malmesbury^ Malmesbury and Kingswood, and N. divisions of Wilts, if mile (N. W. by N.) from Malmesbury 3 containing 429 inhabitants. It comprises about 3000 acres, nearly the whole of which is the property of the Earl of Suffolk, who is lord of the manor : the river Avon runs through the parish, and is here, being near its source, a narrow stream. The living is annexed, with that of Charlton, to the vicarage of Westport-St* Mary. A school is endowed with £2 per annum by Mr. Hodges, for teaching three boys 3 and the rest are paid for by Lady Suffolk. In excavating the ground in the parish, near the mouth of the Kennet, for the Great Western railway, a sword, several human skulls, and some horse- shoes were found near the surface 3 probably the spot was the scene of a battle in the wars of Charles I. BROKENHAUGH, EAST and WEST, a township, in the parochial chapelry of Haypon, union of Hexham, N. W. division of Tindale ward, S. division of North- umberland, 6 miles (W. by N.) from Hexham 3 containing 250 inhabitants. It is situated on the west of the South Tyne river, and is divided into farms. BROMBLOW, or Bromlow, a quarter, in the parish of Worthen, hundred of Chirbury, S. division of Salop 3 containing 468 inhabitants. BROMBORROW (St, Barnabas) , a parish, in the union of Wirrall, partly in the Lower, but chiefly in the Upper, division of the hundred of Wirrall, S. division of the county of Chester, 11 miles (N. N. W.) from Chester 3 containing, with the township of Brim- stage, 573 inhabitants. This parish has, by the learned editor of the Saxon Chronicle, been enumerated among the places which, from the similarity of name, may claim to be the scene of the decisive action fought at Brunanhurh, between the Saxons under Athelstan, and the Danes under Anlaf and Constantine, in which the latter were defeated, and pursued for two days with great slaughter. A monastery was founded at this place, then called Brimesburgh, by Ethelfleda, the celebrated Coun- tess of Mercia, about 912, but was demolished pre- viously to the Conquest, subsequently to which period the manor was given by Ranulph de Gernons, Earl of Chester, to the monks of the abbey of St. Werburgh, to whom Prince Edward, when Earl of Chester, granted a license to hold a market here on Monday, and a fair on the eve, festival, and morrow of St. Barnabas 3 but these have long been discontinued. The parish, bounded 382 on the east by the river Mersey, comprises by computa- tion 1500 acres, of which 630 are arable, 813 meadow, 69 wood, and the remainder waste 3 the scenery is rich and varied. The Chester and Birkenhead railway passes close to the place. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £51 3 patrons. Dean and Chapter of Chester 3 impropriator, J. Mainwaring, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £249. 2. 3 the glebe consists of 5a. 3r. 6p. The church, a small edifice, with a low wooden tower, contains some specimens of early Nor- man architecture. BROMBY, a township, in the parish of Eroding- ham,- union of Glandford-Brigg, E. division of the wapentake of Manley, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 7^ miles (W. N. W.) from Glandford-Brigg 3 containing I6O inhabitants. BROME or Broome {St, Michael), a parish, in the union of Loddon and Clavering, hundred of Lod- DON, E. division of Norfolk, 2 ^ miles (N. N. E.) from Bungay 3 containing 6 10 inhabitants. The parish is bounded on the south by the navigable river Waveney, which separates it from the county of Suffolk. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 4., and in the patronage of Sir W. F. F. Mid- dleton, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for £286, and an annual payment is made of £6 to the incumbent of Ditchingham. There is a good glebe-house, with about 28 acres of land. The church is chiefly in the perpendicular style, and has an embattled tower 3 it consists of a nave and chancel, in which are consider- able remains of stained glass. £50 per annum, from a town estate, are applied to parochial uses. BROME {St, Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Hartismere, W. division of Suffolk, 2. miles (S. S. W.) from Scole 3 containing 328 inhabitants. This place was for many years the residence of the noble family of Cornwallis 3 and Charles, the fifth baron, was created Viscount Brome and Earl Cornwallis on the 30th of June, 1753 : his son and successor, Charles, having distinguished himself as a military commander in India, was advanced to a marquisate, as Marquess Cornwallis, August 15th, 1792. The fine old mansion, called Brome Hall, for so long a series of years the seat of the family, was pulled down by the late marquess, after whose death the estate was sold to Sir Edward Kerrison. The parish comprises 892a. Ir. S4p, The living, a discharged rectory, anciently divided into medieties, which were consolidated in 1448,. is now united with that of Oakley, and is valued in the king’s books at £10. 0. 2^. 3 net income, £561 3 patron. Sir E. Kerrison : the tithes for the parish of Brome have been commuted for £224. The church is an ancient edifice, chiefly in the later English style, and contains many costly tombs of the Cornwallis family. There is a school on the national system. BROME, or Broom, South, a chapelry, in the parish of Bishop’s-Cannings, union of Devizes, hun- dred of Potterne and Cannings, Devizes and N. divi- sions of Wilts, ^ mile (S. E.) from Devizes 3 contain- ing 2285 inhabitants. The chapelry almost encircles the town of Devizes, within the borough of which a small portion of it is included, and comprises 2578a. 38p., whereof 888 acres are arable, 679 pasture, 130 wood, 351 nursery gardens, and about 360 downs 3 the soil is fertile, and affords an abundant supply of fruit. B R O M B R O M vegetables, and other produce for the inhabitants of the neighbourhood. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £138 3 patron, the Vicar of Bishop’s-Cannings. The chapel, dedicated to St. James, is a handsome edifice, in the later English style, and was, with the exception of the tower, nearly rebuilt, at the expense of the parishioners, in 1831. National schoolrooms have been also built by subscription. BROMEHOLME, a hamlet, in the parish, of Bac- TON, Tunstead and Happing incorporation, hundred of Txjnstead, E. division of Norfolk, 5 miles (E. by N.) from North Walsham. A priory for Cluniac monks, dedicated to St. Andrew, was founded in 1113, by William de Glanvill, and for some time subsisted as a cell to the monastery at Castle Acre. Henry HI., ac- companied by a retinue of the nobility, was here in the eighteenth year of his reign, five years previously to which he had granted the monks license to hold a mar- ket on Monday, and a fair on the festival of the Exalta- tion of the Holy Cross. The income of the monks was greatly augmented by numerous rich offerings, which were presented to a cross, stated to have been made out of the wood composing the cross on which our Saviour suffered, brought hither by an English priest, who offi- ciated at the emperor’s chapel at Constantinople : the revenue, at the Dissolution, amounted to £144. I 9 . 1. BROMESWELL {St, Edmund) ^ a parish, in the union of Woodbridge, hundred of Wilford, E. divi- sion of Suffolk, 2^ miles (E. N. E.) from Wood- bridge 3 containing 200 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 17OO acres, of which the soil is various, but generally fertile. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 15. 7|. 3 net income, £1503 patron, Marquess of Bristol. The church is a neat edifice. BROMFIELD {St, Kentigern), a parish, in the union of Belper, partly in Cumberland ward, E. di- vision, but chiefly in Allerdale ward below Derwent, W. division, of Cumberland ; comprising the chapelry of Allonby, and the townships of Blencogo, Bromfield, Dundraw with Kelsick, Langrigg with Mealrigg, and West Newton 3 and containing 2312 inhabitants, of whom 364 are in the township of Bromfield with Crook- dake and Scales, 6 miles (W. by S.) from Wigton. It is situated on the shore of the Solway Firth. The living is a vicarage, endowed with part of the rectorial tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £22 3 net income, £270 3 patron. Bishop of Carlisle 3 impropriator of the remainder of the great tithes. Sir Henry Fletcher, Bart. : the tithes were commuted for land in I8I7. A free school, in the churchyard, was founded by Richard Osmotherley, in 16 12 , and endowed with £10 a year, subsequently augmented by a donation of £100 from the family of Tomlinson 3 and in 1805, Mr. Tomlinson bequeathed £1400, one-fourth of which was assigned to this school. In a field belonging to the vicar the site of Mungo Castle is visible. BROMFIELD {St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Ludlow, hundred of Munslow, S. division of Salop 3 containing 655 inhabitants, of whom 531 are in the township of Bromfield, 3 miles (N. W. by W.) from Ludlow. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6 3 net income, £334 3 patron and impropria- tor, Hon. R. H. Clive. The church was rebuilt a few years since : the old edifice was part of a larger conven- 383 tual church that belonged to a Benedictine priory, esta- blished as a cell to the abbey of St. Peter at Gloucester, about 1155, on the site of a college of prebendaries, or Secular canons of earlier foundation : its revenue, at the Dissolution, was £ 78 . 19 . 4. A school is endowed with £100 three percent, consols. BROMFLEET, a township, in the parish of South Cave, union of Howden, Hunsley-Beacon division of the wapentake of Harthill, E. riding of York, 4 j miles (S. W.) from South Cave 3 containing 206 inhabit- ants. The township is situated on the north side of the Humber, and comprises about 1220 acres, forming a level district of rich marshes, including part of Walling fen, inclosed in 178O. There is a place of worship for Wes- ley ans. The line of the Hull and Selby railway passes in the vicinity. BROMHALL, a township, in the parish of Wren- BURY, union and hundred of Nantwich, S. division of the county of Chester, 3f miles (S. S. W.) from Nant- wich 3 containing 157 inhabitants. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £124, and the vicarial for £33. 11 . 5., payable to the incumbent of Acton. BROMHAM {St, Owen), a parish in the union of Bedford, hundred of Willey, county of Bedford, 3 miles (W. N. W.) from Bedford 3 containing 314 inhabitants. This place is situated on the banks of the Ouse, over which is a neat bridge of 25 arches, on the line of road from Bedford to Newport-Pagnell 3 and it is recorded that, in the years 1399 and 1648, the waters of the river had so far deserted their channel, that persons walked in its bed for nearly three miles in this part of its course. The parish comprises 1798 acres, the soil of which, in the northern part, is a heavy clay, and in the other parts a light sand, resting on a deep gravel 3 an excellent coarse building-stone is quarried, beneath which is a thin stratum of a softer stone, suit- able for sculpture, and which hardens upon exposure to the air. The poor are employed in making pillow-lace. The living is a vicarage, with that of Oakley annexed, valued in the king’s books at £8 3 net income, £336 5, patrons, Provost and Fellows of Eton College : there is a good glebe-house, built in 1831, with 18 acres of glebe. The church is pleasantly situated in the centre of the Park, the village standing partly round it, in the form of a crescent 3 it contains some handsome monuments to the families of Trevor and Dyne, of which latter was Sir Lewis Dyne, commander, for Charles I., of the Newport-Pagnell district in the civil wars, and who,, when about to be executed after the king’s death, threw himself from a great height into the Thames, and es- caped, by his skill in swimming. There is a day and Sunday school. BROMHAM {St, Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Devizes, hundred of Potterne and Cannings, De- vizes and N. divisions of Wilts, 4 miles (N. W.) from Devizes 3 containing 1558 inhabitants. This place, which is situated near the Roman road from Marlbo- rough to Bath, appears to have been a villa of the Romans, for in 1763, a tessellated pavement, and other remains of Roman baths, were discovered here, which were, in 1840, more fully explored, and four others have been cleared from the earth, in which they had lain so many centuries imbedded, and found to be in excellent preservation. The lordship, previously to the Conquest, belonged to Harold, Earl of the West Saxons, and sub- B R O M B R O M sequently king of England. Spye Park, about two miles north of the village, in the reign of Charles II. was the property and occasional residence of the Earl of Roches- ter. The manufacture of fine broad-cloth, and of ker- seymeres, is carried on to a moderate extent. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19>. 16. 0^.5 net income, £698 5 patron. Dr. Starkey. The church contains a mural tablet to the memory of Henry Season, Esq., M. D., the projector of a well-known almanack 5 and in an ancient chapel, at the east end, are several monuments to the family of Baynton, formerly lords of the manor. There are places of worship for Baptists and Wesley ans. A national school is supported by subscrip- tion j and an almshouse for six persons was endowed, in 1614, by Sir Henry Baynton, with land now producing £20 per annum. Dr. George Webb, consecrated Bishop of Limerick in 1634, and the Rev. John Collinson, author of the History and Antiquities of the county of Somer- set,” and who died in 1796, were natives of the parish. BROMLEY {St. Peter and St. Paul), a market- town and parish, and the head of a union, in the hun- dred of Bromley and Beckenham, lathe of Sutton- at-Hone, W. division of Kent, 10 miles (S. E.) from London, on the road to Tonbridge 5 containing 4325 inhabitants. This place, supposed to have derived its name from the quantity of broom with which the neigh- bourhood abounds, was, in the eighth century, given by Ethelbert, king of Kent, to the bishops of Rochester, in whose possession it has remained, with very little interruption, till the present time. The episcopal resi- dence had become so ruinous in 1184, that Gilbert de Glanville was obliged to expend a considerable sum in repairing it. In this palace was found the plot of a conspiracy, of which Sprat, Bishop of Rochester, pub- lished an account in 1692. Dr. Thomas, on being appointed to the see, finding the building much decayed, pulled it down, and erected the present palace, which was completed in 1777 , and is a plain edifice of brick, pleasantly situated on the brow of an eminence, about a quarter of a mile from the town. In the gardens was anciently an oratory, much resorted to on account of certain indulgences granted by Lucas, legate of Pope Sixtus IV., to all who should offer up their devotions there during Pentecost 5 and near it was a well of mine- ral water, similar in its properties to the waters at Ton- bridge, but more strongly impregnated. This well, which was, in honour of the saint to whom the oratory was dedicated, called St. Blaze’s well, was for a consider- able time in great repute 3 but the oratory becoming dilapidated after the Reformation, the well was choked up and the efficacy of its waters forgotten, till, being re-opened in 1756, it regained its former celebrity, and is still much esteemed for its medicinal quality. The town is pleasantly situated on the north-east side of the river Ravensbourne, and consists principally of one street, extending for a considerable distance along the turnpike- road j the houses are in general neat and well-built, espe- cially those in the market-place, in the centre of which is an ancient market-house, supported on wooden pillars ,• the streets are partially paved and lighted, and the inhabitants are supplied with water from springs. The market, granted to the bishop of Rochester in 1447, and held on Thursday, has nearly fallen into disuse : fairs are held on Feb. 14th and Aug. 5th, for live stock. The county magistrates hold a meeting for the division alter- 384 nately here and at Farnborough, every second fortnight 3 and a court of requests, for the recovery of debts to the amount of £ 5 , is held every alternate Thursday. The parish is beautifully situated in a well-wooded district, abounding with varied scenery and objects of deep interest 3 the soil is fertile 3 that portion of the land which is arable produces abundant crops, and there are rich meadows and pastures. The LIVING is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of Rochester, with a net income of £185 : the bishop receives tithes to the amount of £1200 per annum, and has glebe land to the extent of 275 acres. The church is a spacious structure, with a square embattled tower, having a turret at one of the angles 3 it was partly rebuilt in 1792, and enlarged about the year 1830, when 437 additional sittings were pro- vided. It contains an ancient Norman font, and various interesting monuments, among which are those of seve- ral of the bishops of Rochester 3 of Dr. Hawkesworth, author of the Adventurer, who was a native of the place 3 and of Elizabeth, wife of Dr. Johnson, who was buried here, A district church, dedicated to the Trinity, has recently been erected on the common, in the later English style 3 net income of the incumbent, £120. There are places of worship for Independents and Methodists. A national school is partly supported by subscription : fifteen boys and as many girls are clothed by means of the dividends on £1400 stock, purchased with donations, the chief of which were by the Rev. George Wilson, in I7I8, and Launcelot Tolson, in 1726. Bromley College, at the north-eastern extremity of the town, was founded in 1666, by John Warner, bishop of Rochester, who endowed it with £450 per annum, for the residence and support of 20 widows of loyal and orthodox clergymen, to each of whom he assigned £20 per annum, and to a chaplain £50. This endowment has been augmented by many subsequent benefactions 3 in 1674, Sir Orlando Bridgeman and Sir Philip Warwick, the executors of the founder, gave £100 each 3 in I767, the Rev. William Hetherington bequeathed £2000 Old South Sea annuities 3 in 1773, Lady Gower gave £500 3 in 1774, Dr. Zachary Pearce, bishop of Rochester, gave £5000 in the same stock 3 in 1782, William Pearce, the bishop’s brother, bequeathed £12,000 3 in 1787, the Rev. Thomas Bagshaw gave £200 three per cents. 3 in I788, Mrs. Helen Betenson left £10,000 in the three per cents. ; in 1821, Mrs. Godwin, of Hoddesden, Herts, bequeathed £500 j Miss Brooke, of Norwich, gave £250, and Mrs. Wolfe, of Blackheath, mother of General Wolfe, £500 3 in 1823, Walter King, bishop of Rochester, gave £3000 three per cents. ; and in 1824, Mrs. Rose bequeathed £8000. There are at present 40 widows resident in the college, who have £38 per annum each, with occasional diocesan grants 3 two additional widows, who occupy the treasurer’s wing, and receive £20 a year each 3 and three out-pensioners, each of whom has £30 a year from the gift of Bishop King 3 and the chaplain’s salary has been advanced to £150. The college is a handsome appropriate pile of building, of red brick, faced with stone, surrounding two quad- rangular areas, in which there is also a chapel 3 it is surrounded by about four acres of land, tastefully laid out, constituting a healthful and pleasing retreat. The poor law union of Bromley comprises 16 parishes or places, and contains a population of 16,079. B R O M B R O M BROMLEY, a township, in the parish of Eccles- HALL, union of Stone, N. division of the hundred of Pi RE HILL and of the county of Stafford j containing 33 inhabitants. The tithes have been commuted for £83. 18., of which £83 are payable to the Dean and Chapter of Durham, and 18s. to the vicar of the parish. BROMLEY, ABBOTS (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Uttoxeter, S. division of the hundred of PiREHiLL, N. division of the county of Stafford, 12^ miles (E.) from Stafford, and 130 (N. W. by N.) from London j containing, with the lordships of Bagots- Bromley and the liberty of Bromley-Hurst, 1508 inha- bitants. This place is situated near the river Blythe, by which it is bounded on the south-west, and derives its distinguishing name from a Benedictine monastery founded at Blythebury, in the neighbourhood, in the latter part of the reign of Henry I., or in the beginning of that of Stephen, by Hugh Malveysin, and dedicated to St. Giles, which was suppressed at the instance of Cardinal Wolsey. The parish comprises 939^a. 17p., upwards of 900 acres of which belong to the manor of Bromley Park. The trade is principally in malt, which is carried on to some extent. The market has been dis- continued for many years : the market-house is an ancient building covered with shingles. The fairs are on March 11 th, May 22 nd, and Sept. 4th, chiefly for cattle. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 1. 8 . 3 net income, £187 } patron and impropriator. Marquess of Anglesey. The church is an ancient structure, partly in the decorated, and partly in the later English style, with a Norman en- trance 3 it has recently undergone considerable repairs, and been much modernised. There is a place of worship for Independents. The free school was founded in 1606 , by Richard Clarke, who left £300 to purchase land for its endowment 3 the annual income is £137. IL An hospital was founded in 1702, by Lambard Bagot, Esq., who bequeathed £800 for its erection and endow- ment, for six aged men, three of this parish, and one from each of the parishes of Yoxhall, Hanbury, and Tatenhill 3 the income was augmented by Charles Bagot, Esq., and a matron has been added, who, with each of the inmates, receives a stipend of £10 per annum. BROMLEY, BAGOTS, a lordship, in the parish of Abbot’s-Bromley, union of Uttoxeter, S. division of the hundred of Pirehill, N. division of the county of Stafford, 1^ mile (N. W.) from Abbot’s-Bromley. This place derives its distinguishing name from the noble family of Bagot, to which it has belonged since the Con- quest 3 and Sir William Bagot, Bart., was advanced to the peerage, on the 17th of Oct., I78O, by the title of Baron Bagot, of Bagots-Bromley. BROMLEY, GREAT (St. George), ‘ a. pansh, in the union and hundred of Tendring, N. division of Essex, 4| miles (S. S, W.) from Manningtree 3 containing 738 inhabitants. This parish, which includes an area of ten miles in circumference, belonged, at the time of the Norman survey, to Geoffrey de Magnaville. The living is a rectory, valued in the king's books at £16. 16. 0^. 3 net income, £698 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. W. Hall Graham. The church is a handsome and spacious structure, with a lofty tower of elegant design, and consists of a nave, aisles, and chancel, the roofs of which are lofty and beautifully enriched. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. The parish participates in the VoL. I.— -385 benefit of two scholarships at St. John’s College, Cam- bridge, to be filled up out of twenty candidates from the school at Dedham, of which number Bromley supplies four. There is also a national school. BROMLEY-HURST, a liberty, in the parish of Abbot’s-Bromley, union of Uttoxeter, S. division of the hundred of Pirehill, N. division of the county of Stafford, 3| miles (S. E. by S.) from Abbot’s-Bromley. BROMLEY, KING’S (All Saints), b. parish, in the union of Lichfield, N. division of the hundred of Offlow and of the county of Stafford, 5 miles (N. by E.) from Lichfield 3 containing 718 inhabitants. This place was formerly the residence of the Earls of Mercia, and Godiva, Countess of Leicester, w'as buried, here. The road from Lichfield to Ashbourne in Derbyshire, runs through the parish, and the river Trent passes the village, about a mile from which is a wharf communi- cating with the Grand Trunk Canal. The parish com- prises 3463a. 3r. l6p., of which upwards of I7OO acres are arable, 1300 pasture and meadow, and nearly 200 in plantations. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Prebendary of Alrew'as and Weeford in the Cathedral of Lichfield, to whom also the appropriation belongs 3 net income, £72. The great tithes have been commuted for £320, and the small for £105 3 the glebe consists of 10 acres. The church is in the early English style. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A school was founded, in 1699^ by the Rev. Richard Crosse, who endowed it with property, now producing £110 per annum 3 and a school, containing 20 girls, is supported by Mrs. Lane. Almshouses for 7 widows were also founded, and partly endowed, by the Rev. Richard Crosse. BROMLEY-ST. LEONARD'S (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Poplar, Tower division of the hundred of Ossulstone, county of Middlesex, ^ a mile (S.) from Stratford-le-Bow, and 3^ miles (E.) from Cornhill, London 3 containing 6154 inhabitants. The name ap- pears to have been derived from Brom, broom, and Ley, a field, indicating that a great quantity of broom an- ciently grew in the vicinity. The village is lighted with gas, and supplied with w^ater by the works of the East London Water Company : there is a distillery on a large scale, near the western entrance into it. A com- munication with the Regent’s canal has been formed by a cut from the river Lea, made by Sir Charles Duckett. Bromley is within the jurisdiction of a court of requests held at Osborne- street, Whitechapel, for the recovery of debts under 405. : two headboroughs and a constable are annually appointed at the manorial court 3 and the parochial affairs are under the superintendence of a select vestry. The living is a donative 3 net income, £1903 patron, John Walter, Esq. 3 impropriators, the Mann family. The church, a small plain structure, comprising only a nave and chancel, is surrounded by a high wall, and exhibits some remains of Norman archi- tecture, containing also, in the southern wall of the chancel, some stone seats. It is part of a larger edifice, the conventual church of a Benedictine nunnery, founded soon after the Conquest, by William, bishop of London, and dedicated to St. Leonard : the society consisted of a prioress and nine nuns, whose revenue, in the 26th of Henry VIIL, was rated at £ 121 . 16. The Bow Wes- leyan meeting-house stands in the parish. National and infants’ schools are supported by subscription, and a Sunday school is endowed with £1400 three per cents., 3 D B R O M B R O M from the interest of which the minister is paid £20 per annum, to catechise the children once a month, and for an annual examination. Seventeen children of the parish are entitled to receive education at Sir John Jolles’s school at Stratford : Sir John also founded eight alms- houses for the poor of Stratford and Bromley, opposite to which are almshouses established for the benefit of decayed sail-makers, by John Edmonson ^ at the upper extremity, between the two rows of almshouses, is a neat chapel. BROMLEY, LITTLE {St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Tendring, N. division of Essex, 3-| miles (S. S. W.) from Manningtrecj containing 426 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 1841 acres, of which 1500 are arable, SO pasture, 38 woodland, and about 220 roads and waste. The living is a rectory, valued in the king's books at £ 8 , and in the patronage of Wadham College, Oxford : the tithes have been com- muted for £560, and there is a good glebe-house, with 11 acres of land. The church is a plain edifice, with a stone tower. A parochial school is supported by sub- scription j and John Barton, in 1806 , left £10 per annum, towards providing clothing for the poor. BROMPTON, a hamlet, in the parishes of Chatham and Gillingham, union of Medway, hundred of Chat- ham and Gillingham, lathe of Aylesford, W. division of Kent 5 containing 3727 inhabitants. This place, chiefly inhabited by persons connected with the dock- yard of Chatham, lies at the extremity of the parish, on the brow of a hill overlooking the dockyard, and within the fortifications called the Lines, which were constructed for the defence of the arsenal. There are places of worship for Wesleyans and Roman Catholics, and a national school. BROMPTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Kensing- ton, Kensington division of the hundred of Ossulstone, county of Middlesex, 1 mile (S. W. by W.) from Hyde- Park Corner 3 containing 9515 inhabitants. This place, which has been considerably extended by the erection of numerous houses and ranges of buildings within the last few years, is lighted with gas, and supplied with water by the Chelsea Water- Works’ Company : a large portion of the land in the vicinity is laid out in nursery-grounds for the supply of the metropolis. A chapel of ease was erected in I769 3 and a district church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, for Old and New Brompton, and Little Chelsea, was built in 1828, chiefly by a grant of £5000 from the Parliamentary Commissioners, and is a hand- some structure, in the later style of English architecture, with a square embattled tower at the west end. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £639 3 patron. Vicar of Kensington. There is a meeting-house for Independents 3 and a proprietary school was established in 1828. BROMPTON, with Riston, a township, in the pa- rish of Church-Stoke, hundred of Chirbury, county of Salop, 6 miles (N. W. by W.) from Bishop’s- Castle • containing 19 O inhabitants. BROMPTON, a chapelry, in the parish and union of North Allerton, wapentake of Allertonshire, N. riding of York, mile (N. N. E.) from North Allerton 3 containing 1535 inhabitants. In this chapelry is Stand- ard Hill, where the memorable battle of the Standard was fought, on the 23rd Aug. 1138 3 being thus named from a large banner having been placed on a lofty pole, with a silver crucifix on the summit, which was fixed on 386 a waggon and borne with the troops. The manufacture of linen is carried on. Rent-charges, as a commutation for the tithes, have been awarded, amounting to £590. 0. 7., of which £423. 3. are payable to the impropriators, and £I66. 17 . 7 . to the vicar 3 and there is a glebe of 47 acres. There are places of worship for Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists 3 and two schools are endowed with £10 per annum each. BROMPTON (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Scarborough, Pickering lythe, N. riding of York 5 containing, with the townships of Brompton, Sawdon, and Troutsdale, and also the township of Snainton, part only of which is in the parish, 1534 inhabitants, of whom 609 are in the township of Brompton, 8 miles (S. W. by W.) from Scarborough. This is said to have been the residence of the kings of Northumberland 3 and, on an eminence called Castle Hill, are the founda- tions of an ancient castle, about half a mile from which is Gallows’ Hill, the place of execution for criminals within the barony. The Cayley family, of whom Sir William Cayley was distinguished for his services to Kings Charles I. and II., have been located here for more than two centuries. The parish comprises by measure- ment 10,180 acres 3 about 6000 are arable 3 the pasture, meadow, and heath cover 4000 acres 3 and about 180 are wood : the soil varies in quality in different situations, and the scenery in many parts is picturesque and beautiful. Limestone, in which some fossils are found, is quarried for building, for agricultural purposes, and the repair of roads, and a kind of slate is also obtained, used for roofing houses : there is a factory for bricks, coarse pots, &c., which employs about fifteen per- sons. A fair is annually held for the sale of pigs, from which the name of Swine Brompton is sometimes given to the parish. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £12 3 net income, £103 5 patron. Sir George Cayley, Bart., to whom the impropriation be- longs : the tithes were commuted, in I768, for land and a money payment. The church, one of the most spacious and elegant in the county, is in the decorated style, with a square tower, surmounted with a graceful spire 3 and there is a chapel of ease at Snainton. There are three places of worship for Wesleyans, and one for Primitive Methodists 3 and a school is supported by the patron. Almshouses for two old women were built by Mrs. Margaret Pierson in 1833. Roman remains have been occasionally found in digging. John of Brompton, a monkish historian, who compiled a laborious work on the early annals of England, including the period be- tween the years 568 and 1198, is supposed to have been born here : he lived twenty years in the Benedictine abbey of Whitby, during the abbacy of John of Skelton, which commenced in 1413. BROMPTON-PATRICK (St. Patrick), a parish, in the union of Leyburn, comprising the townships of Brompton-Patrick, Newton-le- Willows, and parts of Arrowthorne and Scotton, in the wapentake of Hang- East, and part of the chapelry of Hunton, in the wapen- take of Hang-West, N. riding of York 3 and containing, with the whole of Arrowthorne, Hunton, and Scotton, 1130 inhabitants, of whom 181 are in the township of Brompton-Patrick, 3f miles (N. W. by W.) from Bedale. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £91 3 patron, bishop of Chester : C. H. Elsley, Esq., is im- propriator of the lay rectory, which is valued in the B R O M B R O M king’s books at £34. 13. l|. The church is an ancient edifice in the decorated English style, and the chancel is particularly admired, but the tower is considered a deformity : tradition relates that the original one having been blown down in a storm, the present was erected, in 1572 . There is an endowment of £21. 10. 6. per annum for the instruction of twelve children, arising from a bequest of land by Samuel Atkinson, in I707, and another by Mr. Clarke, and also from the interest of a sum of money bequeathed by Gregory Elsley, Esq., in 1716 . BROMPTON-RALPH (2miles (W.) from Melksham 5 containing 741 inhabitants. The parish, situated on the road from Melksham to Bradford, and bounded on the south-east by the Lower Avon, comprises by admeasurement I 6 OO acres ; the soil is good, and great quantities of gravel are dug. The population is partly employed in the weaving of cloth, by the manufacturers of Trowbridge, Melksham, and Staverton, in which about 300 persons, and many of their children, are engaged. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19. 3. 11^., and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for £450, and the glebe comprises nearly 33 acres. The church is a spacious and ancient struc- ture, with a massive square embattled tower. There are places of worship for Baptists and Wesley ans. Mrs. Betty Paradice, in 1782 , gave £900 in the 3 per cents., producing £27 per annum, of which £20 are paid to the master of a school, and £7 distributed among the poor 5 and Mrs. Sarah Purbeck, of Southampton, bequeathed stock, producing £5, for the poor at Christ- mas. BROUGHTON, GREAT, a township, in the parish of Bridekirk, union of Cockermouth, Allerdale ward below Derwent, W. division of Cumberland, 4^ miles (W.) from Cockermouth ; containing 562 inhabit- ants. The village lies on the southern slope of an emi- nence rising from the river Derwent. The tithes were commuted for land in 1819. Mr. Joseph Ashley built an almshouse for four women, and a schoolroom, which he endowed, by will dated July 18th, 1735, the former with £ 8 , and the latter with £ 20 . 10 ., per annum. BROUGHTON, GREAT and LITTLE, a township, in the parish of Kirkby-in-Cleveland, union of Stokesley, W. division of the liberty of Langbaurgh, N. riding of York, 2 miles (S. E.) from Stokesley 3 con- taining 511 inhabitants. Great Broughton, in Domes- day book called Broctune, was at the time when that survey was taken waste, and held under the Earl of Morton : in the reign of Edward I., it was held by Nicholas de Meinell, under the Mauleys, of Mulgrave^ and in the time of Elizabeth, the Eures were owners of the manor, and some of the lands were then in the possession of Michael Tempest, who was attainted for treason. The village of Great Broughton is regiilarly built, upon a spacious common, or green, and the houses, which run in a direction nearly north and south, are neat, and in good repair. A portion of the population is engaged in the linen manufacture. There is a meeting-house for Wesleyans. On the top of a mountain, near this place, is a rude monument, consisting of a large collection of stones, some of an immense size, called the Wain stones, which, it has been conjectured, were raised over the remains of a Danish warrior. 397 BROUGHTON-HACKET (St. Leonard), a parish, in the union and Upper division of the hundred of Pershore, Worcester and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, 5| miles (E.) from Worcester 3 containing 154 inhabitants. This parish, which is nearly encircled by the river Bow, so called from the direction of its course, comprises 365 acres by computation 3 the soil is rich, and the surface has a gentle declivity from the village, which is situated on an elevated ridge. The road from Alcester to Worcester crosses the parish from east to west, and the Birmingham and Gloucester railway passes near its western border. There are some stone- pits, producing specimens in which marine shells are imbedded, susceptible of a polish that renders them in appearance not inferior to the Derbyshire marble 3 a valuable blueish limestone, which supplies the city of Worcester and places adjacent with lime for building and manure, abounds. The living is a discharged rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £ 8 . 1 . 0 ^., and in the patronage of the Crown 3 net income, £73 3 the tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1807. BROUGHTON-in-Airedale (All »S'^JA^Ts),aparish, in the union of Skipton, E. division of the wapentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 3^ miles (W. by S.) from Skipton 3 containing 407 inhabitants. The Saxon name of this place, implying a fortified town, bears testimony to its antiquity 5 vestiges of works may still be traced, and various relics, either of British or Roman origin, have been frequently discovered. From its situation between the town of Skipton, which was garrisoned by the royalists, and that of Thornton, which was occupied by the parliamentarians, the place suffered much during the civil war. The parish is bounded on the west by the river Aire, and comprises by computation 3950 acres 3 there is a considerable portion of high land affording pasture. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 16. 0|. 3 net income, £ 190 , with a good house 3 patrons and appropriators, the Dean and Chapter of Christ- Church, Oxford. The church is an ancient structure, with a square tower. A school was built at Elslack, a township in the parish, by George Lane Fox, Esq., who contributes liberally to- wards its support. There is a chalybeate spring. BROUGHTON-in-Furness, a market-town and chapelry, in the parish of Kirby-Ireleth, union of Ulverstone, hundred of Lonsdale, north of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 29 niiles (N. W.) from Lancaster, and 270 (N. W. by N.) from London 3 containing 1250 inhabitants. The town is situated on the southern declivity of a gentle eminence, and is in the form of a square 3 the houses are built of stone, and roofed with blue slate. In the centre of it is a spacious square area, the ground for forming which was given by John Gilpin, Esq., and in which his widow erected a handsome lofty obelisk. Previously to the introduction of machinery, the spinning of woollen-yarn prevailed to a considerable extent in private houses : the making of brush- stocks and hoops at present furnishes employment to many of the inhabitants, particularly the latter, from the number and extent of the coppices on Furness Fells. There was formerly a very extensive tract of uncultivated land, called Broughton Common, nearly all of which is now inclosed. The surrounding country is very moun- tainous, abounding with mines of iron and copper ore, and with slate-quarries 3 a great quantity of slate is B R O U B R O X shipped at Dudden Sands, for conveyance coastwise. Iron, grain, malt, oak-bark, and hoops, are also sent from the same spot, in vessels averaging about 60 tons’ burthen. 3 and from a place about half a mile below Dudden Bridge, in vessels of 25 tons’ burthen, for which the estuary is navigable at the flow of the tide. The market is on Wednesday : fairs are held on April 27th and Aug. 1st, for horned- cattle, and on the 6th of Oct. for horned-cattle and sheep ; those in April and Oct. are likewise statute fairs for the hiring of servants, and all are much frequented by the clothiers from Yorkshire. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £108 * patron, J. Sawrey, Esq. 3 appropriators. Dean and Chapter of York : the great tithes were commuted for land in 1 828. The chapel is dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene : there is also another chapel at Seathwaite. Edward Taylor, by will dated in 1784, bequeathed £100, on condition that £60 should be raised by subscription, for the benefit of a grammar school. BROUGHTON, LITTLE, a township, in the parish of Bridekirk, union of Cockermouth, Allerdale ward below Derwent, W. division of Cumberland, miles (W. by N.) from Cockermouth 5 containing 344 inhabitants. A meeting-house was built by the Society of Friends, in 1656, and one by the Baptists, in I 672 . Here is a manufactory for tobacco-pipes and coarse earthenware. Abraham Fletcher, a self-taught mathe- matician of no inconsiderable eminence, author of the Universal Measurer,” was born here in 1714 5 he was the son of a tobacco-pipe maker, and in early life la- boured at that occupation. BROUGHTON, NETHER {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Melton-Mowbray, hundred of Fram- LAND, N. division of the county of Leicester, 5f miles (N. W.) from Melton-Mowbray; containing 412 inha-^ bitants. It comprises by computation 2000 acres ; the soil is a stiff, but fertile, clay, well adapted for pasture, to which the greater portion of the land is appropriated,; the surface is generally flat, and in most parts sur- rounded by the hills which inclose the vale of Belvoir. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 5. 7^. ; net income, £347 j patrons, Hon. P. P. Bouverie and Sir H. Sawyer. The tithes of the parish; with certain exceptions, were commuted for land in 1764. The church is an ancient structure, in the later English style, with a square embattled tower. A school has been established on the national plan. BROUGHTON-POGGS {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Witney, hundred of Bam pton, county of Oxford, 3 miles (N. by E.) from Lechlade ; containing 151 inhabitants. It comprises 1092a. 2r., of which 733 acres are arable, and 317 pasture. The living is a disr charged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 7. 11., and in the gift of the Rev. Samuel Goodeiiough : the tithes have been commuted for £266, and there is a good glebe-house, with 33a. Ir. ISp. of land. The church is a small ancient edifice of one aisle, divided into a nave and chancel ; the latter, which is one of the neatest in the county, contains numerous memorials of the Good- enoughs, to whom the parish has belonged for more than CGHijTinGS BROUGHTON-SULNEY, a parish, in the union of Melton-Mowbray, S. division of the wapentake of Bingham and of the county of Nottingham, 7 miles (N. W.) from Melton Mowbray ; containing 371 inhabit- 398 ants. This parish, which is on the road from Notting- ham to Melton, comprises by measurement I9OO acres^ The surface is boldly undulated, and the scenery pleas- ingly diversified : the river Smite, which rises in Old Dalby, forms the eastern boundary of the parish, sepa- rating it from Nether Broughton, in the county of Leicester. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 9. 4j.; net income, £388; patron, Sir J. Radcliife : in the year 1762, the tithes were com- muted for 243a. 22p. of land. The church is an ancient edifice, in good repair. The water of a spring, vulgarly called Woundheal, is noted for the cure of . scorbutic eruptions. BROWNSEA-, an island, in the parish of Studland, union of Wareham and Purbeck, hundred of Row- barrow, Warebam division of Dorset ; containing 70 inhabitants. BROWNSHALL, or Brownsell-Lane, a hamlet, in the parish of Bishop’s-Caundle, union and hun- dred of Sherborne, Sherborne division of Dorset. It is of great antiquity, and was formerly of importance, having given name to the hundred of Brownshall. BROWNSGVER, a chapelry, in the parish of Clif- ton, union of Rugby, Rugby division of the hundred of Knightlow, N. division of the county of Warwick, 2 miles (N. by E.) from Rugby ; containing 90 inhabit- ants. It is intersected by the road from Rugby to Harborough, and comprises by measurement 853 acres. The chapel is dedicated to St. Michael. The great tithes belong to Rugby grammar school, founded by Lawrence Sheriff, who was born here. BROWSTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Belton, hundred of Mutford and Lothingland, E. division of Suffolk ; containing 64 inhabitants. BROXA, a township, in the parish of Hackness, union of Scarborough, liberty of Whitby-Strand; N. riding of York, 7f miles (W. N. W.) from Scarbo- rough ; containing 65 inhabitants. BROXBOURN {St. Augustine) , a parish, in the union of Ware, hundred and county of Hertford, 1 mile (S.) from Hoddesdon ; containing, wdth the cha- pelry of Hoddesdon, part of which is in the parish of Great Amwell, 2386 inhabitants. In the time of William the Conqueror, the manor belonged to Adding, wife of Hugh de Grentemaisnill ; it afterwards came to the Knights Templars, and lastly to the prior and brethren of the hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, who occupied the more ancient part of the present mansion of Broxbournbury. James I., on his way from Scotland; was entertained at the manor-house, where he was met by many of the nobility and the officers of state. The parish is situated on the great north road, and bounded on the east by the river Lea, which separates it from the county of Essex ; the New River also flows through it. The scenery is pleasingly diversified, and the views from many parts are extensive, embracing some mansions of great interest and beauty. The sweeps of woodland in different places are strikingly picturesque ; and in Broxbournbury Park are some fine specimens of oak, elm, and Spanish chestnut. The parish comprises by admeasurement 4379 acres, of which 2582 are in the hamlet of Hoddesdon : the soil, which is fertile, lies upon a bed of rich gravel, of very fine quality. The Lea has a wharf about 200 yards from the church ; an inter- mediate station on the line nf the Northern and Eastern B R G X BRUM railway has been built here, of red brick and quadran- gular form, in the Elizabethan style j and a little beyond it, in the valley of the Lea, the line is continued, for about two miles, on an embankment twelve feet high. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £1^, 6. 5|. 5 patron and appropriator. Bishop of London. The great tithes have been commuted for £197. 8., and the vicarial for £147. 8. 5 the appropriate glebe consists of 62^ acres, and there is a good glebe- house. The church is a large handsome edifice, in the later English style, with a square tower supporting an octa- gonal spire, and a north and south chapel, the former rich in detail. There are an ancient font and several very fine monuments, of which those to Lady Elizabeth Say, Sir John Say, and Sir Henry Cock, are the most re- markable. A chapel of ease was built in Hoddesdon about a century ago ; and the Independents and Quakers have each a place of worship.. Sir Richard Lucy, Knt., in 1667, bequeathed property, consisting of a house, and £^0 per annum, for a school ; and a school for girls is supported by Mrs. Bosanquet. By deed in 17^7, the Hon. Letitia Monson gave £1000, since laid out in Bank annuities, for endowing an almshouse for six widows. BROXHOLME (.All Saints), a parish, in the wa- pentake of Lawress, parts of Lindsey, union and county of Lincoln, miles (N. W.) from Lincoln 3 containing 145 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 10., and in the gift of Lord Monson : the tithes have been commuted for £250, and there is a good glebe- house, with 68<2. SSp. of glebe. BROXTED (St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Dunmow, N. division of Essex, 3 miles (S. W.) from Thaxted 3 containing 737 inhabitants. This place, anciently called Chawreth, is supposed to have derived its present name from a brook or rivulet which has its source here, and flows into the river Chelmer at Tiltey. The parish comprises 3098a. Sr. Ip., of which 2195 acres are arable, 503 pasture, 138 woodland, and the remainder gardens and waste. The soil is richly fertile, and the surface rises in some parts into considerable elevations, commanding fine views of the surrounding country. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7 j patron and impropriator, R. de Beauvoir, Esq. The great tithes have been commuted for £660, and the vicarial for £200 ^ there is a good glebe- house. The church, pleasantly situated on the brow of a hill, is an ancient edifice with a wooden belfry turret. There is a national school. BROXTON, a township, in the parish of MALPASj union of Great Boughton, Higher division of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, 5 miles (N.) from Malpas 3 containing 464 inhabitants. It has given name to a hundred, which, at the time of the Norman survey, was called Dudestan. The tithes have been commuted for £170. BROXTOW, a chapelry, in the parish of Bilbo- rough, union of Basford, S. division of the wapentake ofBRoxTOW, N. division of the county of Nottingham, 3^ miles (N. W. by w!) from Nottingham. This place, which gave name to the hundred, in ancient records is called a parish, and appears to have been subsequently annexed to Bilborough, to which the chapel, now in ruins, was a chapel of ease. 399 BRUEN-STAPLEFORH, county of Chester. — See Stapleford, Bruen. BRUERN, an extra-parochial liberty, in the union of Chipping-Norton, hundred of Chadlington, county of Oxford^ S^ miles (N. by E.) from Burford 3 contain- ing 46 inhabitants. An abbey for Cistercian monks, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, was founded by Nicholas Basset, in 1147, the revenue of which, at the Dissolution, amounted to £124. 10. 10. 3 the site was granted, in the reign of James I., to Sir Anthony Cope, whose family built a mansion here, which was acch dentally destroyed by fire. BRUISYARD (St.. Peter), a parish, in the union and hundred of Plomesgate, E. division of Suffolk, 4 J miles (N . W.) from Saxmundham 3 containing 296 im habitants. It comprises by admeasurement 1126 acres 3 the soil is a fertile clay, the surface is undulated, and the lower grounds are watered by a small river that flows through the parish. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £62 3 patron and impropriator, Earl of Stradbroke, whose tithes have been commuted for £92. The church is an ancient structure, chiefly in the later English style, with a circular tower at the west end, and consists of a nave and chancel, with a chapel on the south side, in which is a slab, bearing the effi- gies, in brass, of Michael Hare and his lady. A collegiate chapel, in honour of the Annunciation, was founded at Campsey, for a warden and four Secular priests> by Maud, Countess of Ulster, in 1347, seven years after which the establishment was removed to Bruisyard : the site and possessions, in 1366, were surrendered to an abbess and nuns of the order of St, Clare, who con- tinued here until the general suppression, when their revenue was estimated at £56. 2. 1. It was granted by Henry VHI. to Sir Nicholas Hare, and came by marriage to the family of Rous. BRUMHILL, a hamlet, in the parish of Weeting, union of Thetford, hundred of Grimshoe, W. division of Norfolk, 1 mile (N. N. E.) from Brandon. A priory for Augustine canons, dedicated to the Virgin Mary and St. Thomas the Martyr, was founded about the reign of John, by Sir Hugh de Plaiz 3 in the 7th of Henry III. the prior received a grant for a fair to be held on the 7th of July, and in the following year, permission to hold a market also. It was suppressed by Pope Clement in May, 1528, and the possessions were granted by the king to Cardinal Wolsey, towards endowing his intended college at Ipswich 3 but this design having been frus- trated by the cardinal’s fall, they were given, in exchange for other lands, to Christ’s College, Cam- bridge. BRUMSTEAD (St. Peter), a parish, in the Tun- stead and Happing incorporation, hundred of Happing, E. division of Norfolk, 1 mile (N.) from Stalham , containing II6 inhabitants. It comprises by measure- ment 788 acres, of which 652 are arable, 22 wood^ and the remainder marsh 3 the soil of the arable land is fertile. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 5. 7^., and in the gift of the Earl of Abergavenny : the tithes have been commuted for £240, and there is a glebe of 23 acres, witL a par- sonage-house, erected in 1841. The church is chiefly in the decorated style, and has a lofty embattled tower. At the inclosure, in 1805, 12 acres were allotted to the poor. B R U N B R U S BRUNDALL (St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union and hundred of Blofield, E, division of Nor- folk, miles (E. by S.) from Norwich 3 containing 52 inhabitants. It is bounded on the south by the naviga- ble river Yare, and comprises about 559 acres, the whole arable, excepting about 133 acres of common. The Norwich and Yarmouth railway passes through the parish. The living is a discharged rectory, consolidated with those of Witton and Little Piumstead, and valued in the king’s books at £4. 10. : the tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £145, and the glebe com- prises nearly 14 acres. The church is a plain structure, chiefly in the early English style. In the 38th of Henry III., William de St. Omer received a grant of a fair to be held here. BRUNDISH (St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union and hundred of Hoxne, E. division of Suffolk, 4| miles (Ni by W.) from Framlingham 5 containing 525 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, united to the vicarage of Tannington : the tithes have been com- muted for £572, of which £467 are payable to the bishop of Rochester, and £105 to the incumbent, who has also 10| acres of glebe. The church is a handsome struc- ture, chiefly in the later English style, with a square embattled tower : under an arched canopy in the north aisle is an altar-tomb, on which is an effigy, engraved in brass, of Sir Esmonded de Burnedish,” who died in 1349. A chantry was founded in the church, in the 7th of Richard II., by John de Pyeshall, for six chap- lains, which, at the surrender, had a revenue of £13. 0. 7|. BRUNDON. — See Ballingdon. BRUNSLOW, with Edgton and Horderley, a township, in the parish of Edgton, union of Clun, hundred of Purslow, S. division of Salop, 4§ miles (S. E.) from Bishop’s- Castle 3 containing 214 inhabit- ants. This place is situated on the south-western decli- vity of an eminence, and in the neighbourhood is an ancient fortification, called the Burrow Camps. BRUNSTOCK, a township, in the parish of Crosby- upon-Eden, union of Carlisle, Eskdale ward, E. division of Cumberland, 2|- miles (N. E. by E.) from Carlisle 3 containing 75 inhabitants. BRUNTINGTHORPE, or Brentingthorpe (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Lutterworth, hun- dred of Guthlaxton, S. division of the county of Lei- cester, 5| miles (N. E.) from Lutterworth 3 containing 423 inhabitants. It comprises 1148a. 3r. 19p., of which about 300 acres are arable, and the rest pasture 3 the soil consists of sand, gravel, and clay. The population is partly employed in the stocking-manufacture. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 7* 6.3 net income, £380 3 patron, John Bridges, Esq. Under an inclosure act, in 1776, land and a money payment were assigned in lieu of tithes. The church is an ancient edifice of pebbles, and contains an altar-piece, painted by the late rector, the Rev. T. Free- man. BRUNTON, EAST, a township, in the parish of Gosforth, union and W. division of Castle ward, S, division of Northumberland, miles (N. by W.) from Newcastle-upon-Tyne 3 containing 268 inhabitants. East and West Brunton, Fawdon, Dinnington, Wide- open, and Weetslade, formed the manor and estate of the Haslerigge family, and were sold in I76S, by order 400 " of the court of chancery, with the exception of the coal- mines of Fawdon and Brunton. The township lies on the west of the great post-road between Newcastle and Mor- peth, and comprises by computation 936 acres of land. The tithes have been commuted for rent- charges amounting to £157. 6. 6., of which £74. 1. 3. are payable to the Bishop of Carlisle, an equal sum to the Dean and Chapter, and £9. 4. to the vicar of Newcastle. BRUNTON, HIGH and LOW, a township, in the parish of Embleton, union of Alnwick, S. division of Bambrough ward, N. division of Northumberland, 8f miles (N. by E.) from Alnwick 3 containing 59 inha- bitants. They are situated about a mile north from Fallowden, near a stream which shortly falls into the North Sea 3 the number of acres is about 1000, of which above 300 are rich old pasture. BRUNTON, WEST, a township, in the parish of Gosforth, union and W. division of Castle ward, S. division of Northumberland, miles (N. W. by N.) from Newcastle-upon-Tyne 3 containing 109 inhabit- ants. The township, which is situated on the west of the great post-road between Newcastle and Morpeth, comprises by computation 1140 acres. The estate for- merly belonged to the Haslerigge family. The tithes have been commuted for rent-charges amounting to £206. 15. 6., of which £74. 3. 3. are payable to the Bishop of Carlisle, a similar sum to the Dean and Chap- ter, and £58. 9. to the vicar of Newcastle. BRUSHFIELD, a township, in the parish and union of Bakewell, hundred of High Peak, N. division of the county of Derby,* 4|- miles (W. N. W.) from Bake- well 3 containing 53 inhabitants. BRUSHFORD, a parish, in the union of Crediton, hundred of North Tawton, South Molton and N. divisions of Devon, 3 miles (E.) from Winkleigh 3 con- taining 144 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the north bank of the river Taw, and near the road from Bideford to Exeter, comprises by computation 1300 acres. A few women are occasionally employed in weaving serges by hand-loom. Adjoining the church yard is a green of about 3 acres in extent, on which are marks of the foundations of houses, supposed to have been the ancient village, which, according to tradition, was destroyed by fire, and of which only one house is remaining. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 patron and impropriator, G. Luxton, Esq. The church, a small ancient edifice, in the early English style, is situated on a hill overlooking the river 3 the chancel is divided trom the nave by a carved oak screen, and contains a good painting of Queen Anne. Abbotsham, a farm-house in the parish, is thought to have been the occasional resi- dence of the abbot of Hartland, to which abbey this parish was annexed. BRUSHFORD (St. Mary Magdalene), a parish, in the union of Dulverton, hundred of Williton and Freemanners, W. division of Somerset, if mile (S. by E.) from Dulverton 3 containing 340 inha- bitants. This parish, which is situated on the river Exe, and on the road from Minehead to Exeter, com- prises by computation 2067 acres : there are some good stone-quarries, and a very fine gravel for garden- walks is found in abundance. A fair for cattle and sheep is held on the 2nd of Aug., at Langridge farm, in the parish. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £15. 1. 5^., and in the alternate patronage of B R U T BRYN the Earl of Carnarvon and the Sydenham family : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £305, and the glebe comprises 40 acres. The church is a plain neat edifice. A parochial school is supported by sub- scription. The Rev. John Norris, a former rector, bequeathed a rent-charge of £7 for the instruction of children. BRUTON (St, Mary), a market-town and parish, in the union of Wincanton, hundred of Bruton, E. division of Somerset, 1^ miles (S. E.) from Wells, and 110 (W. by S.) from London 3 comprising, with the chapelry of Wyke-Champflower, the ty thing of Redlynch, and part of Discove, 2074 inhabitants, of whom 1885 are in the town. This place takes its name from the river Bri, or Bru, which rises in the adjoining forest of Selwood. Prior to the Conquest it was distinguished for an abbey founded by Algar, Earl of Cornwall, in 1005, for monks of the Benedictine order, upon the ruins of which William de Mohun, in the time of Ste- phen, erected a priory for Black canons, which was raised into an abbey, in the beginning of the reign of Henry VIII., by William Gilbert, the prior, by whom it w^as almost rebuilt : it was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, and its revenue, at the Dissolution, was £480. I7. 2. The abbey, after its suppression, became the residence of the Lords Fitzharding and Berkeley, who sold the manor to the Hoare family, in 1777 } the remains have been converted into a parsonage-house, and the other vestiges consist of the altars, the tomb of the last abbot, and an ancient well. The town is pleasantly situated at the base of a steep hill, and along the side of a romantic combe, watered by the Bru, over which is a stone bridge : it consists principally of one well-paved street 5 the houses are in general neatly built. The manufactures were once considerable, but are now confined chiefly to stockings and machinery 5 about 250 persons are em- ployed in silk-thrown ng. The market is on Saturday 5 the fairs are on April 23rd, and Sept. 17th. The town- hall, a spacious building, of which the lower part was used for the market, and the upper contained a large court-room, in which the petty-sessions were formerly held, is now converted into tenements. The parish, which is situated on the road from Bath to Weymouth, comprises by measurement 3713 acres : stone of good quality for building is quarried to a con- siderable extent. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £138 j patron and impropriator. Sir H. R. Hoare, Bart., whose tithes have been commuted for £130. 8. 6. The glebe comprises 20 acres. The church is a spacious and handsome structure, in the later English style, with a square embattled tower, crowned by pinnacles and elaborately decorated, and two porches, having over the entrance the arms of some of the abbots 3 the roof is of open timber frame- work, richly carved and of elegant design 3 the chancel is of modern erection, and in the Grecian style : the tomb of Prior Gilbert is preserved. There is a chapel of ease at Wyke- Champflower, and another at Redlynch 3 and the Inde- pendents have a place of worship. The free grammar school was founded in the reign of Edward VI., by Richard Fitzjames, Bishop of London, Sir John Fitz- james, chief justice of England, and Dr. John Edmonds, by deed dated Sept. 24th, 1519, who endowed it with estates, producing, altogether, £280 per annum : it has four exhibitions, of £50 per annum each, to either of VoL. I.— 401 the universities. An hospital for fourteen aged men, the same number of women, and sixteen boys, who are also educated and apprenticed, was founded about I6I8, by Hugh Saxey, Esq., auditor of the household to Queen Elizabeth and James L, who endowed it with estates wmrth £1381. 11. per annum. The buildings, which were completed about 1636, form a spacious quadrangle near the w^est end of the town, and are in the Eliza- bethan style : in one of the wings is a neat chapel, with a schoolroom below it 3 and over the entrance to the hall is the bust of the founder : the eastern side of the quadrangle was rebuilt some years since. Many marine shells and fossils have been dug up at Creech Hill, where was an encampment, and on which also a beacon was formerly erected : human skeletons and skulls have been found at Lawyat 3 and at Discove, the remains of a tessellated pavement were discovered in I7II. The benevolent founder of the hospital, the two Fitzjames’s, the Earl of Falmouth, who was killed in a naval en- gagement, in 1665, and Dampier, the celebrated navi- gator, were born here. BRYAN-MAUND, a towuship, in the parish of Bodenham, union of Leominster, hundred of Brox- ASH, county of Hereford 5 containing 153 inhabitants. BRYAN STON (St. Martin), a parish, in the union of Blandford, hundred of Pimperne, Blandford divi- sion of Dorset, 1^ mile (N. W. by W.) from Blandford- Forum 3 containing 144 inhabitants. It is situated on the river Stour, which forms its northern boundary, and comprises I69I acres 3 the soil is generally chalky, but fertile 3 the surface is varied, and the lower grounds are subject to occasional inundation from the river, on the banks of w^hich are some tracts of fine meadow land. The living is a rectory, united to that of Durweston, and valued in the king’s books at £8. 11. 5|. : the tithes have been commuted for £177. BRYANTS-PIDDLE, a tything, in the parish of Aff-Piddle, union of Wareham, hundred of Hun- dred s-Barrow, Wareham division of Dorset, 9i miles (E. by N.) from Dorchester 3 containing 64 inha- bitants. Two schools are partly supported by the vicar and the landed proprietor. BRYNGWYN (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Abergavenny, division and hundred of Raglan, county of Monmouth, 1^ mile (N. W.) from Raglan ; containing 306 inhabitants. The parish, situated near the left bank of the river Usk, and intersected by the old and new roads from Monmouth to Abergavenny, contains by estimation about 1250 acres, of which, 513 are arable, 688 pasture and meadow, 10 woodland, and the remainder roads, waste, &c. 3 the surface is boldly undulated, and from some elevated portions, especially from a place called Camp Hill, very beautiful views are obtained : the soil consists of different combinations of clay and gravel. Petty-sessions for the division of Raglan are held on the third Monday in each month, at Cross Buchan, in the parish. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 8. 9., and in the gift of the Earl of Abergavenny : the tithes have been commuted for £164, and the glebe consists of about 39 acres, with a good parsonage-house, enlarged and considerably improved by the rector, the Rev. W. Crawley. A. Jones, Esq., is impropriator of the tithes of five farms which have been commuted for £66. The church is an ancient structure. 3 F BUCK BUCK BRYNING, with Kellamergh, a township, in the parish of Kirkham, union of the Fylde, hundred of Amounderness, N. division of the county of Lancas- ter, miles (S. W. by W.) from Kirkham 5 containing 152 inhabitants. The tithes have been commuted for £201. 6. 4., of which £164 are payable to the Dean and Chapter of Christ-Church, Oxford, £35. 19. 8. to the vicar, and £1. 6. 8. to the clerk, of the parish. BTJBBEKHALL, or Bobenhall {St. Giles), a parish, in the Kenilworth division of the hundred of Knighteow, union and S. division of the county of Warwick, 5| miles (S. S. E.) from Coventry 5 contain-^ ing 262 inhabitants. The parish comprises 1114 acres, of which 78 are woodland, and the rest chiefly arable 5 it is partly bounded by the river Avon on the north. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 present net income, £70 ; patron and appropriator. Prebendary of Bubben- hall in the Cathedral of Lichfield. Eight poor children are taught to read from the interest of £100 given by Mrs. Hannah Murcott, in 1775. BUBNELL, a township, in the parish and union of Bakewell, hundred of High Peak, N. division of the county of Derby, 2|- miles (S. E.) from Stoney- Middle- ton 5 containing 128 inhabitants. The great tithes have been commuted for £176, of which £169 are payable to the impropriators, and £7 to the Dean and Chapter of Lichfield. There is a small endowment for the instruc- tion of children. BUBWITH (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Howden, in the Holme-Beacon division of the wapen- take of Harthill, E. riding of York j consisting of the seven townships of Breighton with Gunby, Bubwith, Foggathorpe, Gribthorpe, Harlthorpe, Spaldington, and Willitoft ; and containing 1370 inhabitants, of whom 524 are in the township of Bubwith, 6f miles (N. N. W.) from Howden. The parish is bounded for about a mile on the west by the navigable river Derwent, and is intersected by the road between Selby and Market- Weighton 3 in the township are about 1300 acres of well-cultivated land, entirely of level surface. The village is situated close to the river, over which is a stone bridge of ten arches, built in 1793, at a cost of £2000. A corn market, established a few years ago, is held every Wednesday. The living is a discharged vicarage, in medieties 5 the first valued in the king’s books at £7. ^2. 6., and the second at £8. 0. 5. 5 net income, £102 : it is in the alternate patronage of the Crown and the Dean and Chapter of York, the latter being appropriators. The church, partly in the Norman and partly in the early English style, is an ancient structure, with a square tower. There are places of worship for Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists. Nicholas de Bubwith, Bishop of Bath and Wells, who w^as one of the English prelates that were present at the council of Constance, in the year 1415, was a na- tive of the parish. BUCKBY, LONG (St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union of Daventrt, hundred of Guilsborough, S. division of the county of Northampton, 4 miles (N. E.) from Daventry •, containing, with a part of the hamlet of Murcott, 2145 inhabitants. The parish com- prises by measurement 3470 acres ; the soil is generally a rich loam, alternated with some portions of sand and gravel 5 the surface is pleasingly undulated, and the lower grounds are watered by several brooks which 402 flow through the parish. The river Nene has its source within two miles 5 the Grand Junction canal passes through the parish ; and the Crick station, on the line of the London and Birmingham railway, is about two miles and a half distant from the village. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10, and in the patronage of the Bishop, with a net income of £112 j impropriators. Sir J. Lang- ham, Bart., and J. King, Esq. The tithes were com- muted for land in 1765 and 1771. The church is a handsome structure, in the later English style, with a square embattled tower, having a turret at one of the angles. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists. The Rev. Langton Freeman, in 1783, gave £400, at present yielding £20 per annum, for the en- dowment of a school, now conducted on the national system. There are some vestiges of an ancient mo- nastic edifice. BUCKDEN (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of St. Neot’s, hundred of Toseland, county of Hun- tingdon, 4 miles (S. W. by W.) from Huntingdon ^ containing 1209 inhabitants. In the reign of Henry I,, the manor was granted by the abbot of Ely to one of the bishops of Lincoln, whose successors always resided here, till this part of the diocese was transferred to the see of Ely : the episcopal palace is a venerable struc- ture, still standing. The parish, situated on the great north road, and bounded on the east by the navigable river Ouse, comprises 3039 acres, the surface of which is in general flat. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8 j net income, £171 j patron. Bishop of Lincoln. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1813 3 the glebe con- tains 76 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church has a tower, surmounted by an elegant spire, and contains the remains of Bishops Barlow, Sanderson, and Green, all of Lincoln. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. Robert Rament, in I66I, bequeathed a rent-charge of £10 for instruction 3 and a school has been established by means of a bequest, in 1778, of £200 from Dr. Green. A school for girls is supported by subscription. William Burberry, in 1558, bequeathed property, producing £120 per annum, for distribution among the poor. BUCKDEN, a township, in the parish of Arncltffe, union of Skifton, E. division of the wapentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 20 miles (N.) from Skipton 3 containing 387 inhabitants. This township, wEich consists of the village, and several ham- lets extending through a narrow valley to the sources of the river Wharfe, comprises by computation 15,79d acres, and includes the ancient forest of Langstroth, which was formerly the favourite hunting-ground of the Percy family, and was well stocked with roebuck and fallow-deer. It appears to have formed part of the royal demesnes, in the reign of Edward II., who granted to Edward de Percy the privilege of free warren in all his lands of Buckden, and for a long time it was the subject of much litigation betw’^een various parties who claimed that privilege. The deer were destroyed in the time of Charles II., and the land disafforested 3 the manor is now the property of the Hon. Mrs. Ramsden, and the lands are chiefly heath and moor, abounding^ with grouse, and affording pasture. A fair for cattle is held on the 12th of October, and also a court baron for BUCK BUCK the manor. At Hubberholme is the chapel dedicated to St. Michael^ of very great antiquity, and chiefly in the Norman style, of which it contains some very inte- resting details. The impropriate tithes have been com- muted for £ 9 , 70 . 3. 1., payable to University College, Oxford.; and there is a glebe of 17 acres. The Wes- leyan s have a place of worship. BUCKENHAM-FERRY {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union and hundred of Blofield, E. division of Norfolk, 9. miles (E. S. E.) from Norwich ; containing 60 inhabitants.. It comprises Q08a. Ir. 14p., of which 133 acres are wood and water, and the remainder arable and pasture in nearly equal portions ; the village is pleasantly situated on the river Yare, over which is a ferry. The Norwich and Yarmouth railway passes through the parish. The living is a discharged rectory, with that of Hassingham consolidated, valued in the king’s books at £6, and in the gift of Sir W. B. Proctor, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for £130, and the glebe comprises 37 acres, with a house. The church contains portions of the early, decorated, and perpen- dicular styles, and consists of a nave and chancel, with an ancient octagonal tower : in the year 1824, the Rev. T. Beauchamp put in the splendid eastern window of stained glass, containing representations of St. Nicholas, the Four Evangelists, and others. A school is supported by the rector. The Romans are supposed to have had a minor station here, relics of which have been dis- covered in the vicinity. There is a farm-house, built of part of the materials of the old manor-house, formerly the property of Sir W. Godsalve, to whom Queen Eliza- beth, having crossed the ferry here, paid, a visit : the parlours are boarded with wainscot, and the carved mantle-piece is ornamented with the arms of the God- salve family. BUCKENHAM, NEW {St. Martin),, a town and parish, in the union of Guiltcross, hundred of Shrop- HAM, W. division of Norfolk, 5 miles (S. E. by S.) from Attleburgh, and 96 (N. E. by N.) from London ; containing 716 inhabitants. This place owes its origin to William D’Albini, Earl of Chichester, who, disliking the situation of a castle which had been built at Old Bucken- ham about the time of the Conquest, demolished that structure, and erected another here, in the reign of Henry II. This castle was pleasantly situated on an eminence to the east of the former, and consisted of a keep, two round towers, a grand entrance tower, and a harbacan, inclosed with embattled walls surrounded by a fosse. Its. owner, who had view of frankpledge, and the power of life and death, obtained from Henry II. many privileges for his. new burgh, among which were those of holding a mercate court, the assize of bread and ale, and a market ; and the lord of the manor claims the right of officiating as butler at the coronation of the kings of England.. The town is pleasantly situated, the houses are: neatly built, and there is an ample supply of water. The market on Saturday has fallen into disuse ; the fairs for horses, cattle, &c., are on the last Saturday in May, and Nov. 22nd and 23rd, and a statute fair for hiring^servants.is held a fortnight before Old Michaelmas- day. A high bailiff is chosen annually at the Port- man” court, and a court baron and court leet are held by the proprietor of the manor. The parish comprises about 330 acres, 80 of which are uninclosed common, and the rest chiefly arable. The living is a perpetual 403 curacy, endowed, in 1816, with a parliamentary grant of £1000, and has a net income of £l 15 : it is in the patron- age of the Inhabitants, who pay a yearly modus of 3jd. in the pound on the rental in lieu of tithes. The church is an ancient and handsome structure, containing por- tions of several orders of architecture, and has a square tower with six bells; the north aisle w^as rebuilt in 1749;, by the aid of several distinguished families ; the chancel is separated from the north aisle by a richly carved screen, and contains some interesting monuments. There, are places of worship for Methodists. A free school is endowed with £6. 6. a year, and a school for girls is partly supported by subscription. An almshouse for four aged persons was endowed by William Barber, with £28 per annum, in 1692. BUCKENHAM, OLD {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Guiltcross, hundred of Shropham, W. division of Norfolk, 3 miles (S. S. E.) from Attleburgh; containing 1255 inhabitants. This was anciently a place of considerable importance, and is supposed to derive its name either from Boccen, a beech -tree, and Ham, a dwelling-place ; or from an allusion to the bucks, or deer, that thronged the adjacent forests. It was given by the Conqueror to William D’Albini, whose son married the; widow of Henry I., and became Earl of Chichester, and who founded a priory for Augustine canons, in honour of St. James the Apostle, about the middle of the twelfth century : at the Dissolution, the establishment consisted of a prior and eight canons, whose revenue was estimated at £131. 11. It was partly built with the ruins of an old castle in the vici- nity, which was razed by the first William D’Albini, but entirely demolished by Sir Philip Knyvett, whose ancestors have resided in it. A little southward from the site of the castle, the ruins of which are still visible, stood a chapel, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, subse- quently converted into a barn, to which purpose also the present parochial church was appropriated, soon after its desecration, on being granted away as part of the possessions of the priory. Here were three guilds, dedicated respectively to St. Margaret, St. Peter, and St. Thomas the Martyr. The parish comprises 4820a. Ir. 7a., of which 3703 acres are arable, 1059 pasture, 49 wood, and 18 water; the common was inclosed in 1790. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patron- age of the Inhabitants, with a net income of £102 : the tithes have been commuted for £1527. 18. The church has a thatched roof, and an octagonal tower, with five bells. There are places of worship for Baptists, Sandemanians, and Primitive Methodists. A. small fund is applied to the instruction of children. BUCKENHAM, PARVA, or TOFTS {St. Andrew), .a parish, in the union of Swaffham, hundred of Grim- SHOE, W. division of Norfolk, 6 miles (N. E.) from Brandon ; containing 77 inhabitants. It comprises by admeasurement 650 acres, of which about one-fifth is wood and plantation, and the remainder arable and pas- ture land in equal portions. The estate belongs chiefly to the Hall, a large handsome mansion, in a spacious park, built in the reign of Charles II. : the coach-road from London to Watton passes through the park. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £3, and in the patronage of the Rev. T. Newman. The church has long been demolished, together with the village of Buckenham. 3 F 2 BUCK BUCK BUCKENHILL, a township, in the parish of Wool- hope, union of Ledbury, hundred of Greytree, county of Hereford, 8 ^ miles (N. by E.) from Ross j contain- ing 137 inhabitants. BUCKERELL, or Bokerell (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Honiton, hundred of Hemyock, Honiton and N. divisions of Devon, 3 miles (W.) from Honiton • containing 360 inhabitants. This place was anciently the property of the Pomeroys of Bury, and was given, in the reign of John, by Sir Henry Pomeroy to his second son Sir Geoffrey, from whom, by marriage of his de- scendant in the female line, it was conveyed to the Fulfords and Gwynnes, of Ford Abbey. A hamlet in the parish, now called Weston, but anciently Wering- stone, was a manor belonging to Diinkeswell Abbey, and after the Dissolution, was granted by Henry VIII. to John Drake, merchant. The surface of the parish is intersected by a semi-circular ridge of hills, and near Godford Cross is a rill of water, which has its rise under Wulphere Church, so designated from the Saxon chief- tain of that name, whose stronghold was Hembury Fort. Hembury Fort House, originally built by Admiral Graves, was once called Cockenhayes, and a Roman road leading to it is still known as Cockenhay- street j it is situated directly under the ancient fort, and forms an interesting feature in the landscape. Deer Park occupies the site of an old lodge and chace, and after the Conquest was held by Matthew de Buckington, from whose crest, a buck, and the rill previously noticed, the parish is supposed to have derived its name. The village is pleasantly situated near the banks of the Otter 5 and a pleasure fair is held there on the first Monday in September. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 10 . 0 . ‘ 2 ^. 3 patron, the Dean and Chapter of Exeter 3 impropriator, J. Northcote, Esq. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £135. The church is an elegant structure, in the later English style, and contains a richly carved oak screen, separating the nave from the chancel, some monuments to the family of Admiral Graves, and the Gwynnes of Ford Abbey, and an elegant tablet to the memory of Elizabeth, late wife of the Rev. E. E. Cole- ridge, the present incumbent, by whom the church, to which an aisle was added in 1839, has been restored and beautified. A vicarage-house was also built by the vicar, in 1829. A national school has been established. There are some remains of a Roman camp, called St. Stephen Mount. Andrew Bockerell, mayor of London in 1231, and for seven successive years, was a native of the parish. BUCKFASTLEIGH (Holy Trinity), a market- town and parish, in the union of Totnes, hundred of Stanborough, Stanborough and Coleridge, and S. divisions of Devon, 2 |: miles (S. W. by W.) from Ash- burton 3 containing 2576 inhabitants. This place, which was formerly of considerable importance, derived its origin and name from the establishment of a Cistercian abbey, founded about the year 1 1 37, and the abbot of which had the power of inflicting capital punishment within his domains, which were very extensive, compre- hending some estates at or near Kingsbridge. The parish is situated in a district remarkable for the salu- brity of its air, and the variety of its picturesque and romantic scenery. The town, of which many of the modern houses are built with the materials of the ruined 404 abbey, consists principally of one narrow street, in the upper part of which is the market-house, a mean build- ing, obstructing the thoroughfare. Its present pros- perity is derived from the woollen manufacture in the immediate neighbourhood, in which more than 500 persons are employed 3 and in the parish are strata of limestone, of which the larger blocks are wrought into mantel-pieces on the spot, and the smaller burnt into lime : copper- works have been also established. The market, though scarcely deserving the name, is still held on Friday 3 and fairs for live stock are held on the third Thursday in June and the second Thursday in September. The LIVING is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 19 . 1. 0|. 3 net income, £155 3 patron and incum- bent, Rev. Matthew Lowndes 3 impropriator, Earl of Macclesfield. The church, situated on an eminence, nearly half way between the town and the remains of the abbey, comprises a nave, chancel, and transepts, with chapels on the north and south sides, and has a tower of very ancient date, which has an embattled and projecting parapet, and is surmounted by a spire. There are places of worship for Independents and Wesleyans. About three-quarters of a mile from the town are the picturesque remains of the Cistercian abbey, which was surrendered to the crown, in 1538, when its revenues were estimated at £466. 11. 2. : they consist principally of an ancient gateway, supposed, from the great anti- quity of its style, to have been the entrance to the origi- nal establishment founded by Duke Alfred, and part of the abbot’s tower, of more modern erection, on the site of which Mr. Berry erected a mansion in the style of an ancient Norman castle, with two wings and four em- battled towers. Within the limits of the parish are the remains of two encampments, supposed to be either of Saxon or Danish origin, the larger of which, called Hem- bury Fort, commands the banks of the river Dart, which bounds the parish on the east. BUCKHOLT-FARM, an extra-parochial liberty, in the union of Stockbridge, hundred of Thorngate, Romsey and S. divisions of the county of Southamp- ton, 5 miles (S. W.) from Stockbridge 3 containing 11 inhabitants. The Roman road from Salisbury to Win- chester crosses this farm. The tithes, belonging to the Dean and Chapter of Sarum, have been commuted for £ 160 . BUCKHORN-WESTON, a parish, in the union of WiNCANTON, hundred of Redlane, Shaston division of Dorset, 8 miles (W. by N.) from Shaftesbury 5 con- taining 460 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 1700 acres : the soil is mostly clay, but fertile, and the meadows on the banks of the river Cale are luxuriantly rich. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 1. 3., and in the patronage of Lady Stapleton : the tithes have been commuted for £310, and the glebe comprises 63 acres. In the chancel of the church is an ancient statue, supposed to be that of the father-in-law of Gascoigne, lord chief justice in the reigns of Henry IV. and V. 3 the gallery of the church is said to have been painted by Sir James Thornhill, who resided in a neighbouring parish. BUCKHOW-BANK, a township, in the parish of Dalston, union of Carlisle, ward, and E. division of the county, of Cumberland, 5 | miles (S. S. W.) from Carlisle 3 containing 636 inhabitants. The village lies BUCK BUCK on the eastern bank of the river Caldew, and there are can neither endure the weather nor retain a polish, it is several cotton-mills within the township, in connexion not now worked. The river affords facility of convey- with the manufacturers at Carlisle. The soil is very ance j and there is a canal, which joins the Grand June- favourable to the growth of wheat. tion at Cosgrove. The market is on Saturday, and BUCKINGHAM (St, there is also a very good market, exclusively for calves, Peter and St, PAui)i a every Monday. Fairs, chiefly for the sale of cattle, parish, and the head of a sheep, and horses, are held on Old New-Year’s day, the union, in the hundred and last Monday in January, March 7 th, the second Monday county of Buckingham, 17 in April, May 6 th, Whit-Thursday, July 10 th (a wool miles (N. W.) from Ayles- fair), September 4 th, October 2nd, Saturday after Old bury, and 57 (N. W. by W.) Michaelmas- day (which is also a statute fair for the from London j comprising hiring of servants), November 8 th, and December 13th. the borough and market- The town was first incorporated by Queen Mary, in town of Buckingham (which 1554, and another charter was granted by Charles II. ; has a separate jurisdiction), but it having been surrendered, the charter of Mary the chapelry of Gawcott, continued to be the governing one, until the passing of and the hamlets of Bourton, the Municipal Act, by which the government is vested Bourtonhold, and Lenborough, and the precinct of Pre- in a mayor, four aldermen, and twelve councillors, as- bend-End ; and containing 4054 inhabitants, of whom sisted by a .recorder, town-clerk, and other officers 3 the 1816 are in the township, or principal district, of Buck- jurisdiction extends over the town and parish, and the ingham. This place is of great antiquity, and is sup- total number of magistrates is nine. The borough has posed to have derived its name from the Saxon Bucccif constantly returned two representatives to parliament a ‘"stag” or “buck,” mg, a “meadow,” and ham, a “ vil- since the 36th of Henry YIII. : the right of election, lage,” being surrounded "with extensive forests well prior to the passing of the act of the 2 nd of M^illiam stocked with deer. In 915, Edward the Elder fortified lY., cap. 45, was vested exclusiv’^ely in the bailiff and both sides of the river, where the town is situated, with twelve principal burgesses, but, by that act, was extpded high ramparts of earth, to protect the inhabitants from to the £10 householders of an enlarged district of the incursions of the Danes 5 the remains are still 18,265 acres. The mayor is returning officer. A court visible. In 941, the Danes perpetrated dreadful out- of quarter-sessions was granted in 1836. There is also rages in the neighbourhood, and, in 1010 , took posses- a court wherein any action may be brought, provided sion of the town as a place of safety. In the reign of the amount sought to be recovered does not exceed £20 5 Edward III., Buckingham sent three representatives to the recorder is judge, assisted by a registrar. The town- a, council of trade held at Westminster, at which time it hall is a spacious and convenient brick building, nearly was a considerable staple for wool j but upon the re- in the centre of the town. The old borough^ gaol, a moval of that mart to Calais, its prosperity declined, square stone edifice, was built by Lord Cobham, in 1758 5 and it finally became one of those decayed towns for a new one has just been erected, adapted to the system which relief was granted by parliament, in 1535. About of classification. this period the assizes, formerly held here, were removed The parish comprises by computation 4680 acres ; the to Aylesbury 3 but, in 1758 , Lord Cobham obtained an soil is a good loam, alternated with gravel 3 the surface act for holding the summer assizes at Buckingham. In is rather hilly, and the surrounding scenery pleasingly 1644 , Charles I. fixed his head-quarters at the place 3 varied. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in and Sir William Waller, after the battle of Cropredy- the king’s books at £22 3 net income, £230 3 patron. Bridge, and Fairfax, after his defeat at Boarstall House, Duke of Buckingham 3 impropriators, the Landowners, in this county, took up their stations here. In 1724, The old church, having been for many years in a very the town suffered severely from an accidental fire, which dilapidated condition, fell down on March 26th, 1776, destroyed several entire streets, and many of the houses and the present edifice was erected in 1781 , and is said have not yet been rebuilt. f'® have cost £ 7000 , in addition to the old material& 3 Buckingham is pleasantly situated on a peninsula does not occupy the site of the old church, but that of formed by the river Ouse, which nearly encompasses the an ancient castle, supposed to have been built by one of town, and is crossed by three stone bridges, of which the earls of Buckingham subsequently to the Conquest, two are of great antiquity : that on the London road is the foundations of which are occasionally discovered, a neat modern structure of three arches, erected about It is a handsome structure, with a square embattled the year 1805 , by the late Marquess of Buckingham. It tower, surmounted by a well-proportioned spire 3 the is divided into three districts, the Borough, Bour- interior is handsomely fitted up in the Grecian style 3 ton-Hold, and the Prebend-End, the first of which con- the altar is ornamented with a good copy of Raphael’s tains the principal streets ; the houses in general are Transfiguration, over which is a beautifully painted built of brick 3 the streets are paved but not flagged, window, presented by the late Duke of Buckingham, on and are lighted with gas. The trade chiefly consists in his elevation to the dukedom, and said to have cost the sorting of wool, the tanning of leather, and the £1300 3 and at the west end is the finest-toned organ manufacture of lace 3 and, before the introduction of in the county. There is a chapel of ease in the hamlet that manufacture into Nottingham, where it is made by of Gawcott, endowed by Mr. West about fifty-five years machinery, lace-making afforded employment to a large since, and which has been recently rebuilt. There are portion of the female inhabitants. In the vicinity are places of worship for Independents, the Society of several limestone quarries, and a quarry of marble of a Friends, and W^esleyans. The free grammar school was darkish brown colour and exceedingly hard, but, as it instituted by Edward YI., who endowed it with the 405 Seal and Arms. BUCK BUCK revenue of a dissolved chantry in the town j the master is appointed by the corporation. The schoolroom was the chapel of a chantry, founded in 1268, by Matthew Stratton, Archdeacon of Buckingham, and dedicated to St. John the Baptist and Thomas a Becket : the original entrance, a Norman arched doorway, is still remaining j and there are in the chapel some remains of seats put up in the old church in the reign of Edward VI., very curiously carved. The Green-coat school, for boys, was founded and endowed with £15 per annum, in 1760, by Mr. Gabriel Newton, alderman of Leicester 3 and a national school was established in 1819 > the school- house is a handsome stone building. An infants’ school is supported by subscription ; and a national school has been lately erected at Gawcott. There are almshouses, called Barton’s Hospital, for six poor women 5 and a building called Christ’s Hospital, containing rooms for the same number, is thought to have been founded by Queen Elizabeth, in 1597. The union of Buckingham comprises 29 parishes or places, of which 28 are in the county of Buckingham, and 1 in the county of Oxford ; and contains a population of 14,239. Buckingham gives the titles of Duke and Marquess to the family of Temple, whose magnificent seat is at Stowe, about two miles to the west. BUCKINGHAMSHIRE, an inland county, bounded on the south and south-west by Berkshire, on the west by the county of Oxford, on the north-west and north by that of Northampton, on the north-east by that of Bedford, on the east by those of Bedford and Hertford, and on the south-east by Middlesex. It extends from 61° 26' to 52° 12' (N. Lat.), and from 28' to 1° 8' (W. Lon.) 5 and comprises an area of about 740 square miles, or 473,600 statute acres. The county contains 31,087 inhabited houses, 1159 uninhabited, and 206 are in the course of erection 3 and the population amounts to 155,983, of whom 76,482 are males, and 79,501 females. The territory composing the present county of Buckingham is thought by Camden to have been an- ciently inhabited by the Casdi,. or Cattieuchlani, Mr. Whitaker, the learned historian of Manchester, was of opinion, that only that part of the county bordering on Bedfordshire was originally occupied by the Casdi, and that they afterwards seized upon the territories of the Dobuni, who had previously obtained possession of the rest by conquest from the Ancalites. Under the Roman dominion it was included in the great division called Flavia Ccesariensis j and on the complete establishment of the heptarchy, it became part of the powerful king- dom of Mercia.. Buckinghamshire is at present in the diocese of Lincoln, but, by the act of the 6th and 7th of William IV.,- cap. 77, it will he transferred to the diocese of Oxford •, it is in the province of Canterbury, and with the exception, of a few parishes, constitutes an archr deaconry, in which are the deaneries of Buckingham, Burnham, Mursley, Newport, Wadsden, Wendover, and Wycombe; the number of parishes is 202. For civil purposes it is divided into the hundreds of Ashendon, Aylesbury, Buckingham, Burnham,. Cottesloe, Desbo- rough, Newport, and Stoke ; and contains the borough and market towms of Aylesbury, Buckingham, Great Marlow, and High Wycombe ; and the market-towns of Araersham, Beaconsfield, Chesham, Ivinghoe, Newport- Pagnell, Olney, Prince’ s-Risborough, Fenny -Stratford, Stony -Stratford, Wendover, and Winslow. Three 406 knights are returned to parliament for the shire, two burgesses for each of the boroughs of Aylesbury, Buck- ingham, and High Wycombe, and one for that of Great Marlow. The county members are elected at Aylesbury 3 and Aylesbury, Beaconsfield, Buckingham, andNewport- Pagneil are polling-places. It is included in the Nor- folk circuit ; the summer assizes are held at Bucking- ham, and the Lent assizes and general quarter-sessions at Aylesbury, where is situated the common gaol and house of correction for the county. The most striking natural feature in the surface of the county is the range of heights called the Chiltern Hills, which stretches across it from the southern ex- tremity of Bedfordshire to the southern part of Oxford- shire, being part of the great chain of chalk hills extend- ing from Norfolk south-westward into Dorsetshire. On the western side of the county is a range of hills of calcareous stone, parallel with the Chiltern Hills, at the distance only of a few miles ; and between these two lies the rich vale of Aylesbury, the natural fertility of which is almost unrivalled. The predominant soils are rich loam, strong clay, chalky mould, and loam upon gravel, all of which, however, admit of considerable variety, and are much intermingled. The county has long been famous for its produce of corn and cattle, “Buckinghamshire bread and beef” having been for- merly a common expression* One-half of it consists of arable farms, containing not more than one-fifth of grass land, which occupy the whole of the Chiltern Hills and the county southward to the Thames, together with the sandy lands in the neighbourhood of the Brickhills, Soulbury, and Lindslade, and some parts of the Vale of Aylesbury. The greater part of the vale is devoted to grazing and the dairy ; and most of this central part of the county, from the Chiltern Hills to the Watling-street, consists of dairy and grazing farms, the former pre- ponderating. The number of cows kept on these exteur sive pastures is computed at about 27,000, of which upwards, of 21,000 are always productive to the dairy : between 4,000,000 and 5,000,000 lb. of butter are an- nually made in the county, of which by far the greater part is; sent by contract to London ; no cheese is made, except a few cream cheeses in summer for the markets of Buckingham, Aylesbury, and Wycombe. Hogs form an important part of the stock of the dairy farms. At Aylesbury and its vicinity, great numbers of ducks are bred and fattened, and many thousands are sent an- nually to London by the weekly carriers, some of them very early in the spring. The principal Rivers are the Thames, the Ouse, the Ouzel, the Thame, and the Colne : the first is the boundary and chief ornament of the southern, part of the county, which it separates from Berkshire during a navigable course of about 28 miles, and, by affording a direct communication with the metropolis, is of great importance to this county. The Grand Junction canal, on entering from Northampton- shire, is carried by means of an aqueduct, about three- quarters of a mile long, across the stream and valley of the Ouse: in 1794, an act was obtained for making navigable cuts to communicate with this canal from Aylesbury, Buckingham, and Wendover ; the Ayles- bury branch joins the main canal near Marsworth ; the Buckingham branch proceeds down the north side of the valley of the Ouse to the main line at Cosgrove, on the Northamptonshire border , and the Wendover navL BUCK BUCK gation joins it at Bulborhe, on the confines of Hertford- shire. The Great Western railway enters the county at Iver, in its progress from Middlesex, and quits it at Taplow, whence it enters the county of Berks. The London and Birmingham railway enters the county at Ivinghoe, and, after a course of 25 miles, quits it at Hanslope, and enters Northamptonshire. The Aylesbury railway proceeds from that town through a portion of the county of Herts, near Tring, and at Pigglesthorne joins the London and Birmingham line, of which it may be considered a branch, being leased to that com- pany ; the line is seven miles in length, and was com- pleted at an expense of £66,000. Buckinghamshire contained the Roman station Ma- giovintum, the remains of which are visible on a small elevation inP' the Auld Fields,” about a quarter of a mile from Fenny -Stratford, where an abundance of coins and foundations of buildings have been dug up 5 and it was crossed by the roads Ikeneld- street, Watl in g- street, and Akem an- street, and by several vicinal \vays, of which there are traces in different parts. Camden is of opinion that there was a Roman town at Burg-hill, now contracted into Brill, in the western part of the county 5 numerous relics of Roman occupation, such as coins, pavements, &c., have been found at High Wycombe and in its vicinity, and coins have also been found near Prince’s-Risborough and Ellesborough. Above the vil- lage of Medmenham are the remains of a large camp, nearly square, formed by a single ditch and vallum, and inclosing an area of about seven acres 5 and in a wood near Burnham is an oblong intrenchment of the same kind, vulgarly called Harlequin’s Moat.” Near Elles- borough are some strong earthworks on the side of the Chiltern Hills, at one corner of which is a high mount, styled the Castle Hill, or Kimble Castle, and commonly supposed to have been the site of the residence of the British king Cunobeline. On the top of the hill at West Wycombe are the remains of a circular encampment 5 and those of another are discernible near High Wy- combe, at a place named Old, or All, Hollands. At Danesfield, on the banks of the Thames, is a nearly cir- cular intrenchment, designated Danes’ Ditch 5 at Chols- bury is a nearly circular camp, formed by a double ditch j and the manor-house of the adjacent village of Hawridge is built within an ancient circular intrench- ment. There are also some large intrenchments at Hedgerby-Dean, and a remarkable ditch runs thence to East Burnham. Near the lower Ikeneld way, in the parish of Ellesborough, is a moated area of an irregular form, in most places about fifty paces in breadth. A considerable rampart of earth, under the common name of Grimesdike, runs nearly east and west through a part of this county, upon the Chiltern Hills, where it may be traced for some miles ; and a great cross, called White Leaf Cross, of unknown antiquity, is cut on the side of the chalk hills near Risborough, which has been considered the memorial of some victory gained by the Anglo-Saxons over the Danes. Prior to the Reformation there were twenty- one Religious Houses, including four alien priories, one pre- ceptory of the Knights Hospitallers, and a college of the society of Bonhommes at Ashridge, near the confines of Hertfordshire, the only house of that order in Eng- land, excepting that at Edingdon, in Wiltshire. There were, besides, ten hospitals, one of which, at Newport- 407 Pagnell, refounded by Queen Anne, consort of James I., still exists j also the well-known royal college of Eton, founded by Henry VI. There are very considerable remains of Nutley Abbey, converted into a farm-house and offices 3 and some vestiges of those of Burnham, Medmenham, and Great Missenden, and of the college of Bonhommes : part of St. Margaret’s nunnery, in the parish of Ivinghoe, is yet standing, and is occupied as a dwelling-house. There are no mural remains of any fortress, but some earthworks point out the sites of those which formerly stood at Castlethorpe, Lavendon, and Whitchurch, the first of which was called Hanslope Castle. The most remarkable ancient mansions are, Gayhurst, built in the reign of Elizabeth, and Liscombe House 5 and among the seats of the landed proprietors, those most distinguished for their architectural beauties are, the magnificent mansion of Stowe, Wycombe Abbey, Ashridge Park (partly in Bucks and partly in Herts), and the modern mansion at Tyrringham. Buckingham- shire gi^^s the title of Earl to the family of Hobart- Hampden. BUCKLAND {All Saints), a parish, in the union and hundred of Aylesbury, county of Buckingham, 3 miles (W. N. W.) from Tring 5 containing 537 inha- bitants. An act was passed in 1842 for inclosing lands in the parish. The living is annexed, with those of Quarrendon and Stoke-Mandeville, to the vicarage of Bierton. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans. BUCKLAND {St, Michael), a parish, in the union of WiNCHCOMB, Lower division of the hundred of Kiftsgate, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 6 miles (W. S. W.) from Chipping-Campden 3 containing, with the hamlet of Laverton, 377 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £29. 6. 8. 3 net income, £222 3 patron. Sir T. Phillips, Bart. : the tithes were commuted, in 1779, for land and a money payment. The church is a fine structure, in the later English style 3 some of the windows contain specimens of ancient stained glass. James Thynne, Esq., by deed in 1707, gave land, producing upwards of £100 per annum, for teaching poor children, and other charitable purposes. BUCKLAND {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Buntingford, hundred of Edwinstree, county of Hertford, 3 miles (N.) from Buntingford 3 containing 435 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 2000 acres, of which 500 are woodland, 50 pasture, and the remainder good arable land 3 the soil is fertile, and the surface varied. The living is a rectory, valued Jn the king’s books at £20, and in the patronage of King’s College, Cambridge : the tithes have been commuted for £330, and the glebe comprises 38 acres. The churchds an ancient structure, in the later English style. Two small schools are partly supported by the rector and curate. BUCKLAND {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union and hundred of Faversham, Upper division of the lathe of ScRAY, E. division of Kent, 3 miles (N. W. by W.) from Faversham 3 containing 1 9 inhabitants. The living is a discharged sinecure rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 6. 8. 3 net income, £167 patron. Sir John Tyssen Tyrrell, Bart. The church has long been in ruins. BUCKLAND (St. Mary)., a parish, in the union of Chard, partly in the S. division of the hundred of Pe- BUCK BUCK THERTON, and partly in the hundred of Martock, but chiefly in that of Abdick and Bulstone^ W. division of Somerset, 6 miles (W. by S.) from Ilminsterj contain- ing 696 inhabitants. This parish was the scene of some sanguinary conflicts between the Saxons and the Danes, and various relics of warlike implements have been found in the neighbourhood. A fair for cattle and toys is held on the Wednesday and Thursday next after September 20th. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. I9. 9^.< and in the patronage of Lieut. -Gen. Popham : the tithes have been commuted for £350, and the glebe consists of 37^ acres. The church- yard contains a mutilated stone cross. A school is partly supported by voluntary contributions. On the edge of Blackdown Hill are the remains of a Roman fortification, called Neroche Castle • and oh the summit of the same ridge, a little further on, by the side of the road leading to Chard, is a huge collection of flint stones, lying in heaps upwards of 60 yards in circumference, styled Robin Hood’s Butts, and supposed fb be the rude sepulchral memorials of warriors who fell in battle. BUCKLAND (St. Peter), a parish, in the union and First division of the hundred of Reigate, E. divi- sion of Surrey, miles (W.) from Reigate 5 contain- ing 364 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the road from Dorking to Reigate, and bounded on the south by the river Mole, comprises by computation 1800 acres 5 the soil is partly chalk, forming a portion of the great ridge extending through the counties of Kent, Surrey, and Hants, and partly a blue clay, alter- nated with sand j the surface is hilly, and the surround- ing scenery pleasing. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 12. 11., and in the patron- age of All Souls’ College, Oxford ; net income, £337. The church consists of a nave and chancel only 3 in some of the windows are the remains of stained glass. BUCKLAND-BREWER (St. Mary and St. Bene- dict), a parish, and formerly a market-town, in the union of Bideford, hundred of Shebbear, Great Tor- rington, and N. divisions of Devon, 5 miles (S. by W.) from Bideford ; containing 1103 inhabitants, of whom 312 are in the village. This place derives its distinguish- ing appellation from its ancient proprietor. Lord Brewer, whose seat, Orleigh Court, is still remaining : his lord- ship gave a portion of the manor to the abbot of Dun- keswell, who obtained the privilege of a weekly market and an annual fair. The parish, including the chapel- ries of East Putford and Bulkworthy, comprises by computation 8000 acres : there are some quarries of stone, which is raised chiefly for the roads. Fairs are held on Tuesday in Whitsun- week, and on the l6th of November. The living is a discharged vicarage, with East Putford annexed, valued in the king’s books at £25. 17. and in the patronage of the Crown : the great tithes of Buckland-Brewer, payable to the Ven. Archdeacon More, have been commuted for £240, and the vicarial for £235. 10. ; the glebe comprises about 9 acres, with a house. The church, anciently in the Norman and early English styles, was rebuilt in 1790, and is a spacious edifice, in the Grecian style 3 some of the former details have been preserved, among which is an enriched Norman arched doorway. In the old church was a small college, dedicated to St. Michael, of which, at the Dissolution, the revenue was £8. 7. 6. 408 There is a chapel of ease at Bulkworthy 3 and there are places of worship for Arminians and Wesleyans. A parochial school is supported by voluntary contribu- tions. BUCKLAND cum Carswell (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Farringdon, hundred of Ganfield, county of Berks, 3|- miles (E. N. E.) from Great Far- ringdon 3 containing 946 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Oxford to Bath, and bounded on the north by the navigable river Isis, on the banks of which a wharf has been constructed. Some quarries of good building-stone are extensively wrought, and a pleasure- fair is held in August. Buckland Plouse, the seat of Sir J. Throckmorton, Bart., was erected in 1757, and is pleasantly situated. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £18. 4. 7- 3'^patron and appropriator, the Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol : the great tithes have been commuted for £863. 10., and the vicarial for £275. 8., and the glebe comprises 30 acres. The church, a neat edifice, contains a monument to the Duke of Somerset, who was interred here. There is a place of worship for Baptists, and a Roman Catholic chapel is attached to Buckland House. There are some lands bequeathed for the repair of the church. Henry Southby, in 1793, left £200 and some land, to which Sarah Hayter, his executrix, added £200 more, for the instruction of girls, and the support of a Sunday school, for which a house was given by Sir J. Throckmorton, in 1793 3 the income is £40. BUCKLAND-DENHAM (St. Mary), a parish, and formerly a market-town, in the union of Frome, hun- dred of Kilmersdon, E. division of Somerset, 2^ miles (N. W. by N.) from Frome 3 containing 516 inhabitants. This was formerly a place of greater importance, having been distinguished for the manufacture of woollen-cloth. The parish comprises by computation 1400 acres 3 the soil is generally light and sandy, the surface hilly, and the lower lands are watered by a small branch of the river Frome. There are quarries of blue lias, which is raised for burning into lime. A market, to be held on Tuesday, and a fair on the eve, day, and morrow of St. Michael, were granted in the 24th of Henry III., to Geoffrey Dinant, lord of the manor 3 and the assizes were frequently held in a town-hall here. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 9. 7., and in the patronage of the Bishop of Bath and Wells : the appropriate tithes, formerly belonging to the prebendary of Buckland- Denham in the Cathedral of Wells, but now to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, that prebend having been suppressed, have been com- muted for £l62. 10., and the vicarial for £147, there are 68 acres of appropriate glebe, and nearly 9 of vica- rial. The church, anciently conventual, and belonging to an Augustine nunner}% founded in 1120, has some fine details of Norman and early English architecture 3 of the former, is a very fine arch. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A Roman pavement was dis- covered at Whitly in 1838. BUCKLAND, EAST (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of South Molton, hundred of Braunton, South Molton and N. divisions of Devon, 5 miles (N. W. by N.) from South Molton ; containing 167 inhabitants. It is the property of Earl Fortescue, and contains by computation 1384 acres. The living is a rectory, with that of Filleigh consolidated, valued in the king’s books BUCK BUCK at £ 9 . 1 . 8 ._, and in the patronage of the earl : the tithes have been commuted for £140, and the glebe comprises 28 acres. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and a school is chiefly supported by his lordship. BUCKLAND-EGG, a parish, in the union of Plymp- ton-St. Mary, hundred of Roborotjgh, Midland-Ro- borough and S. divisions of Devon, 3 miles (N. N. E.) from Plymouth 3 containing 1296 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the river Plym, and comprises 3197^^!. 2r. 17p., of which 1454 acres are usually in til- lage, 832 in pasture, and 401 in wood. The soil is various 3 in some parts a rich pasture land, in others arable of very indifferent quality, and in a great propor- tion barren waste. The substratum abounds with slate of good quality, of which some extensive quarries are worked 3 and with dun-stone, which also is procured. Copper-ore has been found, and a mine opened with success. The Plymouth railway passes through the parish, and affords a facility for conveying the produce. A fair for live stock is held on the second Wednesday in June. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 8 . 4. 4 J., and in the patronage of the Crown 3 impropriator, Mrs. S. A. Julian. The great tithes have been commuted for £ 200 , and the vicarial for £506 3 the glebe consists of 32 acres. The church contains an ancient bell brought from Buckland Abbey. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and a school is partly supported by an endowment of £5. 5. per annum. BUCKLAND-FILLEIGH {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Torrington, hundred of Shebbear, Black Torrington and Shebbear, and N. divisions of Devon, 6^ miles (N. W. by W.) from Hatherleigh 3 containing 275 inhabitants. It comprises by computation about 1000 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 16. 0|., and in the patronage of the Bishop of Exeter 3 net income, £218: the glebe com- prises 59 acres. The church is a handsome structure, in the decorated and later English styles, with a square embattled tower, crowned by pinnacles, and contains some elegant marble monuments to the Fortescue family, for several centuries proprietors of the parish. A national school is supported by the curate. BUCKLAND-in-Dovor (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Dovor, hundred of Bewsborough, lathe of St. Augustine, E. division of Kent, if mile (N. W.) from Dovor 3 containing 1472 inhabitants. It com- prises by computation 1150 acres; the soil is partly clay and partly loam, much interspersed with flints 3 the surface is diversified with hills of comparative ste- rility, and with valleys producing abundant crops of grain. The lower grounds are intersected by the small river Dour, over which a neat bridge of brick has been built at the village. The manufacture of paper is carried on in two large mills ; and a fair is held on the 4th of September. The living is a discharged perpetual curacy, endowed with the vicarial tithes, and with £12 per annum, payable out of the great tithes 3 net income, £139 5 patron, Archbishop of Canterbury. There are a place of worship for Wesleyans, and a parochial school in connexion with the Church. In 1141, an hospital for lepers was founded, and dedicated to St. Bartholo- mew, but there are no vestiges of it : on digging near its site, in 1765, a leaden vessel, filled with silver coins struck in the reigns of Edward II. and Edward III., was discovered. VoL. I. — 409 BUCKLAND-in-the-Moor, a parish, in the union of Newton* Abbot, hundred of Haytor, Teignbridge and S. divisions of Devon, 3 miles (N. W.) from Ash- burton 3 containing 114 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 1450 acres, of which 800 are in woods and plantations, 560 arable, and 85 pasture. The living is annexed to the vicarage of Ashburton : the vicarial tithes have been commuted for £ 109 . 10 ., and the glebe consists of 10 acres. The church contains a fine wooden screen. A school is supported by a private in- dividual. BUCKLAND-MONACHORUM {Holy Trinity), a parish, and formerly a market-town, in the union of Tavistock, hundred of Roborotjgh, Midland-Robo- rough and S. divisions of Devon, 4 miles (S. by E.) from Tavistock 3 containing 1411 inhabitants. This place acquired the adjunct to its name from an abbey founded, in 1278, by Amicia, Countess Dowager of De- vonshire, in honour of the Virgin Mary and St. Bene- dict, to which she removed a society of Cistercian monks from the Isle of Wight. In 1337^ the abbot obtained permission to castellate his monastery ; and during the parliamentary war it was garrisoned by Sir Richard Grenville. The revenue of the society, in the 26th of Henry YIIL, was estimated at £241. I 7 . 9. : the estate came by purchase into the possession of the renowned Sir Francis Drake, and a modern mansion, beautifully situated on the banks of the Tavy, has been erected, called Buckland Abbey, now the property of Sir T. T. F. E. Drake, Bart. ; but there are still some interesting remains of the abbey. The village, which contains some curious old houses, a mutilated stone cross, and a few ancient inscriptions, is mean in appearance, but pic- turesquely situated. The market has been discontinued 3 but a fair is still held on Trinity- Monday. The Plymouth railway crosses the parish on the east. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 19 . 8 . 9., and in the gift of the Rev. Amos Crymes : the great tithes, belonging to Sir T. T. F. E. Drake, have been com- muted for £ 175 . 8., and those of the incumbent for £ 291 . 10., with a glebe of 52 acres. The church con- sists of a nave, two side aisles, and two small transepts, with a fine tower supporting four octagonal turrets, embattled, and surmounted by pinnacles 3 it contains, among several others, a finely executed monument, by Bacon, to the memory of Baron Heathfield, the brave defender of Gibraltar. Lady Modyford, in I 702 , gave two messuages, out of the rental of which £ 7 . 10 . per annum are paid for instruction 3 and the interest of £ 100 , given by Matthew Elford, in 1723, is applied in clothing boys. BUCKLAND-NEWTON {Holy Rood), a parish, in the union of Cerne, hundred of Buckland-Newton, Cerne division of the county of Dorset, 4 miles (N. E. by N.) from Cerne 3 comprising the tythings of Brock- hampton, Buckland, Duntish, Knowle, Mintern-Parva, and Plush 3 and containing 914 inhabitants, of whom 310 are in the ty thing of Buckland. The parish is on the great road from Weymouth to Bath, and comprises by measurement 6OI8 acres, of which about 1241 are arable, 4085 meadow and pasture, 237 woodland, and 308 common 3 the substratum is chalk, in which are embedded some few flints 3 and a little sandstone is found on the w^estern confines. The living is a vicarage> valued in the king’s books at £16. 19. 9^.5 patrons, 3 G BUCK BUCK Dean and Chapter of Wells 3 impropriators, Representa- tives of Leonard Fount, Esq., who have commuted their tithes for £745 : the vicarial tithes have been com- muted for £550 3 104 acres of glebe belong to the im- propriators, and 19f to the vicar. The church is in the early and later English styles 3 the chancel has lancet windows 3 a gallery, containing 120 free sittings, was built in 1821. There is a chapel of ease at Plush, more ancient than the church. The Independents have a place of worship 5 and parochial schools* are supported by subscription. There are some remains of a Roman camp. BUCKLAND-RIPERS, a parish, in the union of Weymouth, hundred of Culltford-Tree, Dorchester division of Dorset, 3| miles (N. W. by N.) from Mel- combe-Regis3 containing 118 inhabitants. It comprises 1205 acres by computation : the soil is a strong clay, producing good crops of grain 3 the surface is hilly, and the surrounding scenery pleasing. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 9. 2., and in the patronage of Q. H. Stroud, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £200, and the glebe comprises nine acres. BUCKLAND-TOUTSAINTS, a chapelry, in the pa- rish of Loddiswell, union of Kingsbridge, hundred of Coleridge, Stanborough and Coleridge, and S. divi- sions of Devon, 2^ miles (N. E.) from Kingsbridge ; containing 56 inhabitants. BUCKLAND, west (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of South-Molton, hundred ofBRAUNTON, South- Molton and N. divisions of Devon, 6 miles (N. W.) from South-Molton 3 containing 275 inhabitants. It com- prises by measurement I 6 OO acres : stone for the roads is quarried in several parts. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 13. 4., and in the gift of the Baroness Bassett : the tithes have been com- muted for £1903 there is a good glebe-house, and the glebe comprises 32 acres. The church has a carved wooden screen, highly enriched, separating the nave from the chancel. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and a school is supported by subscription* BUCKLAND, WEST (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Wellington, W. division of the hundred of Kingsbury, locally in that of Taunton and Taunton- Dean, W. division of Somerset, 2f miles (E.) from Wellington 3 containing 887 inhabitants. The living is annexed to the vicarage of Wellington : the church is partly in the Norman style, with later additions. There are a place of worship for Wesleyans, and two small schools. BUCKLEBURY, anciently Burghulbury (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Bradfield, partly in the hundred of Reading, and partly in that of Fair- cross, county of Berks, 7 miles (E. N. E.) from New- bury 3 containing, with the tythings of Bucklebury, Hawkridge, and Marlston, 1277 inhabitants, of whom 1065 are in Bucklebury ty thing. The parish comprises 602 5«. Or. 7p-i of which 3443 acres are arable, 1000 copse wood, 7^6 meadow, and 854 common land. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £17 5 patron and impropriator, W. H. H. Hartley, Esq., lord of the manor : the great tithes have been commuted for £75. 10., and the vicarial for £340 3 the glebe con- sists of nearly 31 acres, to which there is attached a good glebe-house. The church contains a monument to 410 the memory of Viscountess Bolingbroke, and others to the ancient family of Winchcombe 3 a good organ was presented by the late incumbent, the Rev. W. Hartley, by whom also a school was founded. Not far from the church stood the old manor-house, which, from decay, was taken down in 1833, when some very ancient arches of carved oak, with several pieces of coin and tessellated pavement, were discovered : there are still some remains of a subterraneous passage, through which Lord Boling- broke is reported to have made his escape. BUCKLESHAM (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of WooDBRiDGE, hundred of Colneis, E. division of Suffolk, 5 miles (E. S. E.) from Ipswich 3 containing 255 inhabitants. The parish comprises by measurement 1864 acres 3 the soil is of a mixed quality, the greater portion light, and, till within the last few years, a consi- derable portion was uninclosed heath 3 the surface is boldly undulated, and the lower grounds are watered by a stream, which flows through the parish into the river Deben. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 1. 8., and in the patronage of the Rev. W. Walford : the tithes have been commuted for about £500, leaving the net value of the living, with glebe, £460 3 the rectory-house is a commodious resi- dence. The church is a neat ancient structure. A parochial school is supported by subscription. The crag pits in the parish contain a great quantity of shells, generally considered to be antediluvian remains f bones of fishes, in a state of petrifaction, have also been found. BUCKLEY, or Bulkeley, a township, in the pa- rish of Malpas, union of Nantwich, Higher division of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, 8 miles (W. by N.) from Nantwich ; containing 190 inhabitants. Two schools are partly supported by private charity. BUCKMINSTER (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Melton-Mowbray, hundred of Fram- DAND, N. division of the county of Leicester, 9i miles (E. N. E.) from Melton-Mowbray 3 containing, with the chapelry of Sewstern, 697 inhabitants. The parish comprises by computation 2900 acres : the soil in the eastern and northern parts is a good red loam, and in the southern and western portions a tenacious clay : the surface is very elevated, and the lands are watered by numerous springs which descend from the higher grounds. Buckminster Park, the seat of Lord Hunting- tower, is a noble mansion of modern erection, situated in a park well stocked with deer, and embellished with timber. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 8 . 7. 3-. 3 net income, £1613 patron. Lord Huntingtower : the glebe comprises 81 acres. The church has a massive tower and spire, with portions in various styles. There is a chapel of ease at Sewstern. A school is supported by subscription 3 and there are several bequests for the relief of the poor. A close, called the Grange, was the site of a religious house, sub- ordinate to the monastery of Kirkby-Belew. BUCKNALL (St. Margaret), a parish, in the union of Horncastle, S. division of the wapentake of Gar- tree, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 6f miles (W. by S.) from Horncastle 3 containing 303 inhabitants. It is situated on the river Witham, and comprises by computation 2000 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 11. 10|., and in the patronage BUCK B U D E of Lord Moijson ; the tithes have been commuted for £ 330 , and the glebe consists of 40 acres. There are places of worship for Primitive and Wesleyan Method- ists, and a school, with an endowment of £10 per annum, paid by Christ’s Hospital. BUCKNALL, with Bagnall {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Stoke-upon-Trent, N. division of the hundred of Pirehiel, and of the county of Stafeord, 1^ mile (E.) from Hanley ; containing, with the town- ships, of Bagnall, Bucknall, Eaves, and Ubberley, 1609 inhabitants, of whom 038 are in Bucknall township. Bucknall was formerly a chapelry in the parish of Stoke, but was separated from it by an act passed in 1807, and, with the chapelry of Bagnall, constituted a distinct rectory. The living is not in charge, with the perpetual curacy of Bagnall annexed 3 net income, £200 5 patron and incumbent. Rev. Edward Powys. The church is a small edifice, occupying an elevated situation, and was rebuilt in 17I8. Bagnall chapel was rebuilt in 1834, at the cost of £520. William Shallcross, in 1719, gave a rent-charge of £5 for the instruction of children. BUCKNELL {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Knighton, partly in the hundred of Wigmore, county of Hereford, but chiefly in the hundred of Purslow, S. division of Salop, 12 miles (W.) from Ludlow 3 con- taining 532 inhabitants. The parish comprises by ad- measurement 2818 acres, of which 1236 form the town- ship of Buckton with Coxall, in Herefordshire : the surface is varied by hill and dale, and the river Teme partly bounds the parish on the south. The living is a vicarage, endowed with a portion of the rectorial tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £5. 6. 8. 3 patrons. Grocers’ Company, London 3 appropriator of the re- mainder of the great tithes. Bishop of Hereford. The appropriate tithes have been commuted for £95, and tl\e vicarial for £304 3 and there is a good glebe-house, with a glebe of nearly 58 acres. Two schools are sup- ported by subscriptions. BUCKNELL {St, Peter), a parish, in the union of Bicester, hundred of Ploxjghley, county of Oxford, 2| miles (N. W. by N.) from Bicester 3 containing 287 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 1/89 acres, of which 1254 are arable, 500 pasture, and 35 wood- land. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 16. 0|., and in the patronage of New College, Oxford. The church is an ancient structure, partly Norman, and partly in the early English style, with a central tower between the'Dave and chancel, which latter contains several memorials to former rectors 3 and in the nave are monuments to the Trotman family, lords of the manor 3 the south entrance has an enriched door- way, in the early English style. A school is principally supported by Mrs. Drake. At a short distance from the church, near the verge of a coppice, are the foundations of numerous houses that constituted the village of Sax- enton, the greater part of which was destroyed by the Danes, about the year 91^. BUCKTON, with Coxall, a township, in the parish of Bucknell, union of Knighton, hundred of Wig- more, county of Hereford, 4 ^ miles (E. by N.) from Knighton 3 containing 116 inhabitants. BUCKTON, a township, in the parish of Kyloe, union of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in Islandshire, county of Durham, though locally northward, and for 411 parliamentary purposes connected with the N. division, of Northumberland 3 adjoining Berwick, and con- taining 183 inhabitants. BUCKTON, a township, in the parish and union of Bridlington, wapentake of Dickering, E. riding of York, 4 ^ miles (N. by E.) from Bridlington 3 contain- ing 182 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Flamborough to Speeton, and comprises by computation 1840 acres, extending northward to the sea. BUCKWORTH {All Saints), a parish, in the hun- dred of Leightonstone, union and county of Hun- tingdon, 7 miles (N. W. by W.) from Huntingdon • containing I60 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £21. 5. 2^., and in the patronage of R. E. D. Shafto, Esq. •• the tithes have been commuted for £337. 13. 3 and there is a good glebe-house, with nearly 43 acres of land. BUDBROOK {St. Michael), a parish, in the Snit- terfield division of the hundred of Barlichway, union and S. division of the county of Warwick, 1| mile (W. N. W.) from Warwick 3 containing 508 inhabitants. This parish, which is near the road from Warwick to Birmingham, comprises by measurement 3150 acres 3 the surrounding scenery is richly varied, and there are some views, from the higher grounds, of the town and castle of Warwick. Grove Park, in the parish, was presented by Queen Elizabeth to her favourite, Dudley, Earl of Leicester. The Birmingham and Warwick and the Napton canals meet in the parish. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8, and In the patronage of Mr. White : the tithes have been commuted for £427. 5. The church, a neat edifice, in good repair, has been recently beautified, and several of the windows embellished with stained glass. There is a Roman Catholic chapel at Hampton Hill, the seat of Lord Dormer. The parochial school is endowed with £22. 11. per annum, a portion of the rental of land bequeathed, in 1701, by Job Marston, Esq. BUDBY, a towmship, in the parish of Edwinstow, union of Southwell, Hatfield division of the wapen- take of Bassetlaw, N. division of the county of Nottingham, 3 miles (N. W. by W.) from Ollerton 3 containing 127 inhabitants, and comprising 1312 acres. A school for girls, established in 179 U is under the patronage of the Countess of Manvers. BUDDLE-HILL, a hamlet, in the parish of Sel- worthy, union of Williton, hundred of Carh amp- ton, W. division of Somerset 3 containitig 28 inhabit- ants. BUDE, a village and small sea-port, on the coast of the Bristol Channel, in the parish, union, and hundred of Stratton, E. division of Cornwall, 2 miles (N. W.) from Stratton 3 containing 189 inhabitants. This village has of late years become a place of resort for bathing, and the trade of the port has received a stimulus from the construction of the Bude Canal : the imports are coal and limestone from Wales, and grocery, &c., from Bristol 3 and timber, bark, and grain, are sent coast- wise. The harbour is inaccessible to ships of large burthen, on account of the sands, those connected with it averaging not more than 50 tons each, though vessels of 120 tons’ burthen have often entered. Lime is burnt in considerable quantities, and a great deal of sand con- veyed inland for manuring the soil. A chapel has lately been erected, at the sole^ expense of Sir Ti D. Acland, 3 G 2 B U D L B UD O Bart., in whom the patronage is vested 5 and there is a place of worship for Wesley ans. On Chapel rock, near the breakwater, formerly stood a chapel. BUDEAUX, or Budock, St., a parish, in the union of Plympton-St. Mary, hundred of Ro borough, Roborough and S. divisions of Devon, 4| miles (N. W. by N.) from Plymouth; containing 790 inhabitants. This place, which is beautifully situated on an eminence rising from the river Tamar, from which it is distant about three-quarters of a mile, was, during the parlia- mentary war, the scene of a conflict between the royal- ists, under Sir Richard Grenville, and the forces of the garrison of Plymouth, then in the possession of the par- liamentarians ; the royalists, who had strongly fortified the church of St. Budock, as their chief station while besieging the garrison, were, by a sally of the besieged, under Colonel Martin, the governor, driven into it, and Major Stuckley, with several officers and about 100 men, made prisoners. The parish comprises by computation 2500 acres, of which 120 are in the county of Cornwall : there are some quarries of slate, and of stone, of inferior quality, fit only for the roads. The river Tamar is navigable for vessels of small burthen from Saltash-ferry, about a mile distant, to the Weir- head, at certain times of the tide. A fair is held on the 29th of May. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Vicar of St. Andrew’s, Plymouth : the great tithes have been commuted for £350 ; the income of the curacy is about £113. The church, which was rebuilt on the present site, in 1563, is a neat structure, in the later English style. There are places of worship for Wesleyans ; and a school has an endowment of about £86 per annum, arising from land purchased, in 1770, for £710, of which £300 South Sea stock, and £100 Bank stock, were bequeathed by Peter Madock Docton, in 1767. BUDLE, a township, in the parish of Bambrough, union of Belford, N. division of Bambrough ward and of Northumberland, 3f miles (E. by N.) from Belford ; containing 102 inhabitants. Henry I. gave this place to Eustace, the son of John de Vesey; but in the reign of Charles I. a moiety belonged to Sir George Bowes, of Streatlam Castle ; and in 1663 the whole was possessed by the Forsters of Newham. The township is on the eastern coast, and comprises 600 acres, of which 450 are arable, and 150 pasture, including about 20 acres of plantation : the views embrace a large extent of the sea- shore, and of Bambrough Castle, and Holy Island. Whinstone is quarried, and very extensive flour- mills, belonging to Messrs. H. and P. Nairn, are'in operation. The village lies on the southern shore of a fine bay, and on the east side of the Warn rivulet, and the adjacent coast abounds with large cockles of a supe- rior flavour. Vessels of ten feet draught come up to the harbour one mile from the mills. The tithes have been commuted for £24. 19., of which £24. 5. are payable to the impropriator, and 14s. to the perpetual curate of Bambrough. BUDLEIGH, EAST {All Saints), a parish, and formerly a market-town, in the union of St. Thomas, hundred of EastBudleigh, Woodbury and S. divisions of Devon, 4§ miles (W. S. W.) from Sidmouth ; con- taining 2319 inhabitants. The antiquity of this place is evinced by its having given name to the hundred. It is pleasantly situated on the shore of the English 412 Channel, to which it is open on the south, and is shel- tered on other .sides by hills of moderate elevation. From the excellent accommodations which have been provided for sea-bathing at Budleigh-Salterton, within the parish, where hot and cold baths have been con- structed, and preparations made for the reception of visiters, that hamlet is rising into repute as a watering- place. The market, which was anciently held on Sun- day, and afterwards on Monday, has been discontinued ; but a pleasure fair is still held, on Easter-Tuesday. The parish comprises by computation 2443 acres, of which about 330 are waste ; the surface is hilly, and the lower lands are watered by the river Otter. The living is a discharged vicarage, with the perpetual curacy of Withycombe-Rawleigh annexed, valued in the king’s books at £30 ; net income, £318 ; patron. Lord Rolle ; impropriators, the Landowners. In addition to the pa- rochial church, there is a chapel of ease, which was erected in 1813, in the later English style, at the ex- pense of Lord Rolle. The Wesleyans have a place of worship. At Poer Hayes is an ancient mansion, cele- brated as the birthplace of Sir Walter Raleigh ; and there are some remains of an old chapel, dedicated to St. James. BUDOCK (St, Budoke), a parish, in the union of Falmouth, E. division of the hundred of Kerrier, W. division of Cornwall, l| mile (W. by S.) from Falmouth ; containing, with part of Falmouth and Pen- ryn, 1979 inhabitants. This parish, which is bounded on the east by Falmouth bay and the English Channel, and crossed in one part by the road from Falmouth to Penryn, was distinguished for a collegiate church, erected on Glaseney Moor, in 1720, in honour of the Blessed Virgin and St. Thomas of Canterbury, by Walter Bronescombe, Bishop of Exeter. It continued till the Dissolution, at which time its revenue amounted to £205. 10. 6. ; and the buildings are said to have occupied a site of three acres in extent, to have been inclosed with an embattled wall, and to have had a subterraneous communication with the church of Glu- vias. Within the parish are Pendennis Castle, and Dunstanville and Green Bank Terraces, forming the principal part of the Barton of Penwarris, and adjoining the town of Falmouth. The parish comprises 3899 acres, the surface of which is diversified with hill and dale, and generally well cultivated ; and the views from the higher parts, both by sea and land, are extensive and commanding. Granite is largely quarried, for ex- portation to London, at a place called the Budock Rocks, and near Swan Pool, a lake of about a quarter of a mile in circumference, and separated from the sea by a bar of sand : there is also a copper-mine. The living is a vicarage, united to that of St. Gluvias : the tithes have been commuted for £800. The church is pleasantly situated on a hill, and contains portions in the later English style, and some interesting monuments to the family of Killegrew, of whom Sir John Killegrew was Governor of Pendennis Castle in the reign of Henry VIII. A chapel of ease, called Penwarris Chapel, was built in 1828, at a cost of about £1800, on Dunstan- ville-terrace ; it contains 594 sittings, 307 of which are free. There are two places of worship for Wesleyans. Francis Robyns, in 1768, bequeathed an endowment of £6. 16. per annum for the instruction of the children of the poor. B U D W BUIL BUDVILLE, LANGFORD.— See Langford-Bud- VILLE. BUDWORTH, GREAT (St. Mary and All Saints), a parish, in the union of Runcorn ; comprising the townships of Anderton, Antrobus, Appleton, Aston, Barnton, Bartington, Great Budworth, Cogshall, Com- berbach, Crowley, Dutton, Little Leigh, Marbury, Mar- ston, Peover-Inferior, Pickmere, Plumbley, Seven-Oaks, Stretton, Tabley-Inferior, Whitley Inferior and Superior, and Wincham, in the hundred of Bucklow ; the chapelry of Hartford, and the townships of Castle-Northwich and Winnington, in the hundred of Eddisbury^ and the townships of Allostock, Birches, Hulse, Lack-Dennis, Lostock-Gralam, Northwich, and Nether Peover, and the parochial chapelry of Witton, in the hundred of Northwich, county of Chester ^ the whole containing 17,103 inhabitants, of whom 677 are in the township of Great Budworth, 3 miles (N. by E.) from Northwich. The parish comprises 26,676 acres. The village is pleasantly situated on a gentle acclivity, near two sheets of water, called Budworth-mere and Picmere 5 and in the vicinity are several handsome seats, of which Tabley House, that of Lord, de Tabley, is replete with natural and artificial embellishments. The inhabitants are em- ployed to a considerable extent in the manufacture of salt, which prevails throughout the entire neighbourhood. The river Weaver and the Duke of Bridgewater’s canal pass through the parish. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. IQ. ; net income, £1715 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Canons of Christ- Church, Oxford. The church consists of a nave, chancel, side aisles, and two transepts, with a fine tower 3 in the chancel are some ancient wooden stalls. It sustained considerable damage from the parliamentarian troops, in 1647. A district church, in the later English style, with a tower, towards which the Parliamentary Com- missioners granted £1800, was erected at Stretton, in 1827 j and there are chapels at Whitley and Little Leigh. In the north-eastern angle of the churchyard is a schoolroom, supposed to have been built by the Rev. John Dean, about I6OO, and endowed with the interest of £200, given by Mr. Pickering and Mrs. Glover, BUDWORTH, LITTLE (St. Peter), a parish, in the uriion of Northwich, First division of the hundred of Eddisbury, S. division of the county of Chester, 3 } miles (N. E. by E.) from Tarporley^ containing 599 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy • net in- come, £85 *, patron and appropriator. Bishop of Chester. The tithes have been commuted for £l63. 14., and the glebe consists of 5j acres. The church belonged, pre- viously to the Dissolution, to St. Mary’s nunnery, Ches- ter, and was called a free chapel within the parish of Over, the church of which was also appropriated to the same convent : the nave and chancel were rebuilt with stone, in 1798, pursuant to the will of Mr. Ralph Kirk- ham, a native of the parish, who gave £1000 for that purpose. A school, erected in I7O6, near the park wall at Oulton, is supported by Sir Philip and Lady Grey Egerton. Lady Isabella Dod, by will dated in 17^0, bequeathed £2500 for the erection and endowment of almshouses for the support of twelve poor persons of Little Budworth, and eight of a town in Buckingham- shire. Horse-races were formerly held on a four-mile course in the parish. 413 BUERTON, a township, in the parish of Aldford, union of Great Boughton, Higher division of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester 5 containing 81 inhabitants. It lies a little to the east of the river Dee. BUERTON, a township, in the parish of Audlem, union and hundred of Nantwich, S. division of the county of Chester, 2 miles (E.) from Audlem 3 con- taining 512 inhabitants. BUGBROOKE (St. Michael), a parish, in the hun- dred of Newbottle-Grove, union, and S. division of the county, of Northampton, 6 miles (W. S. W.) from Northampton 3 containing 953 inhabitants. The London and Birmingham railway, and the Grand Junction canal pass through the parish, which is bounded on the west by the Roman Watling-street, and comprises by ad- measurement 2188 acres, nearly equally divided be- tween arable and pasture. The railway occupies 49 acres, and the rateable annual value of such property, in the parish, is returned at £1800. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £34 3^ net income, £7415 patron and incumbent, Rev. T. H. Harrison, D.D. The church exhibits various styles of English architec- ture, and contains a fine wooden screeii3 and an octa- gonal font highly enriched. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists. BUGLAWTON, a township, in the parish of Ast- bury, union of Congleton, hundred of Northwich, S. division of the county of Chester, 1 mile (N. E. by. E.) from Congleton 3 containing 1864 inhabitants. A church, dedicated to St. John, has recently been erected, by subscription, aided by a grant from Her Majesty’s Commissioners : the living is a perpetual curacy, aug- mented in 1842 with £87 by the Ecclesiastical Com- missioners. The tithes have been commuted for £240. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans, A mineral spring, the water of which contains sulphur, a small quantity of Epsom salts, and calcareous earth, has proved serviceable in scorbutic diseases. BUGLE Y, a hamlet, in the parish and liberty of Gillingham, union of Shaftesbury, Shaston (West) division of Dorset, 5j miles (W. N. W.) from Shaftes- bury. Here was formerly a chapel. BUGTHORPE (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of PocKLiNGTON, Wapentake of Buckrose, E. riding of York, 7 miles (N. N. W.) from Pocklington3 contain- ing 296 inhabitants. The parish comprises about 1990 acres 3 the soil is a strong clay, and the surface level, with rising gyound to the north, east, and sonth. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £20; net income, £1113 patron and appro- priator, Prebendary of Bugthorpe, in the Cathedral of York. Land was given, under an inclosure act, in 1777, to the Prebendary, in lieu of the tithes of the township of Bugthorpe. The church is an ancient structure, with a square tower. A boys’ and girls’ parochial school is supported by subscription, aided by £40 per annum from Sir Francis Wood, Bart. BUILDWAS (Holy Trinity), b. parish, in the union of Madeley, Wellington division of the hundred of South Bradford, N. division of Salop, 3 miles (W. N. W.) from Iron-Bridge 3 containing 273 inhabit- ants. This place is celebrated for the stately and vener- able remains of its ancient Cistercian abbey, founded in honour of St. Mary and St. Chad, by Roger, Bishop of B UL F BULK Chester, in 1135; the establishment continued to flourish till the Dissolution, when its revenue was returned at £1^29. 6. 10. The ruins are romantically situated on the south bank of the river Severn, which here flow^s through a deep and secluded vale, and consist prinei- pally of the roofless nave, transept, and lower portions of the central tower of this once beautiful structure. The parish comprises by measurement ^034 acres of rich arable and pasture land ; the substratum is chiefly limestone, which is quarried to a great extent, for agri- cultural and building purposes, and also for the works in the adjoining district of Coalbrook Dale. The Severn affords every facility of conveyance, and near the abbey, a handsome cast-iron bridge was constructed over it, by Telford, in 179d, on the site of a former stone bridge, which had been destroyed by a flood in the preceding year ; it consists of one single arch, 130 feet in span, and 24 feet in height above the surface of the river, and the road over it leads through a romantic dingle to the town of Much Wenlock; communication is also main- tained by the road from the adjoining town of Iron- Bridge to Shrewsbury. The living is a donative, in the gift of Walter Moseley, Esq., proprietor of the parish : the church, rebuilt in 17^0, is a neat edifice. On the 27th of May, 1773, a remarkable land-slip occurred here, when more than 18 acres were, by a sudden dis- ruption, carried forward with such impetuous velocity as to stop the current of the Severn, and take possess- sion of its ancient bed. BULB RIDGE {St. Peter), a parish, in the hun- dred of Cawden and Cadworth, union of Wilton, Salisbury and Amesbury, and S. divisions of Wilts, of a mile (S.) from Wilton 3 containing 58 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, united to that of Wilton, and valued in the king’s books at £11. 2. 1.: the church has been demolished. BULBY, a chapelrj?^, in the parish of Irnham, union of Bourne, wapentake of Beltisloe, parts of Kes- TEVEN, county of Lincoln, 4^ miles (E. by N.) from Corby; containing, with the hamlet of Hawthorp, 201 inhabitants. BULCAMP, a hamlet, in the parish of Blyth- BURGH, union and hundred of Blything, E. division of Suffolk, 3^ miles (E. by S.) from Halesworth ; containing 109 inhabitants. The battle in which Anna, King of the East Angles, was defeated and slain by Penda, King of Mercia, is supposed to have commenced at Bulcamp, and to have given name to the place. The poorhouse for the Blything union is here, built, about 1765, for the Blything Hundred Incorporation. BULCOTE, a chapelry, in the parish of Burton- JoiCE, union of Southwell, S. division of the wapen- take of Thurgarton and of the county of Notting- ham, 6 miles (N. E. by E.) from Nottingham ; contain- ing 154 inhabitants. The tithes were commuted for land in I 76 S. BULFORD (St. John), a parish, in the union and hundred of Amesbury, Salisbury and Amesbury, and S. divisions of Wilts, 2 miles (N. E. by N.) from Ames- bury ; containing 367 inhabitants. This place, called in the Domesday survey, Boltinstone, and in other ancient documents, Bolteford, was formerly the property of the abbess of the nunnery of Amesbury. The parish is situated to the eastward of the river Avon, which is here crossed by a handsome iron bridge ; and a branch 414 of the road connects the village with Amesbury : the number of acres is estimated at 3638. The Avon affords excellent trout fishing, and the downs fine coursing. There is a mill for the manufacture of the coarser kinds of paper. The living is a donative, with a net income of £75, and in the patronage of Anthony Southby, Esq., M.D., who is impropriator : the tithes have been com- muted for £97. The church is a plain edifice of stone and flints. A school is supported by a small endow- ment. Near the village are two upright stones, similar to those of Stonehenge, of which one is in the middle of the Avon, and the other on the open downs to the south-east ; and about a mile higher up the valley is a third of similar description. There are also numerous barrows. BULK, a towmship, in the parish of Lancaster, hundred of Lonsdale, south of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 2 miles (N. E. by N.) from Lancaster; containing 113 inhabitants. BULKINGTON (St. James), a parish, in the union of Nuneaton, Kirby division of the hundred of Knight- low, N. division of the county of Warwick, 4| miles (S. E. by S.) from Nuneaton ; containing, with the hamlets of Marston-Jabbett, Ryton, Weston, and Wolvershill, and parts of those of Barnacle and Bramcott, 1831 in- habitants. The parish is traversed on the north by the road from Nuneaton to Lutterworth, and on the south by that from Coventry to Hinckley ; and the Ashby- de- la-Zouch canal crosses its north-western angle, the Coventry canal forming a junction with it a little to the west of the parish, and the Oxford canal uniting with the latter on the south. Bulkington comprises by com- putation about 4315 acres : the soil is chiefly clay, alternated with sand, and is generally productive ; the surface is flat, and the river Aroker, which . has its source in the vicinity, flows through part of the parish, which abounds with excellent freestone. Most of the inhabitants are employed in the ribbon-manufacture, which has been recently introduced. A pleasure fair is held, beginning on St., James’-day, and continuing for a week ; and there is a statute fair, for the hiring of servants, on the first Wednesday after the 19th of September. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 10. 7., and in the patronage of the Crown ; net income, £253, partly arising from land. The great tithes belong to the Oakham and Up- pingham grammar schools; the small tithes have re- cently been commuted for £26 ; there is a glebe-house, with a glebe of 120 acres. The church was enlarged, about 20 years since, by the addition of 350 sittings, of which 300 are free : it contains a marble font, and the table in the chancel is covered with a sculptured slab, resting on a shaft of Numidian marble brought from Rome, and presented by the late Mr. Hayward, the eminent sculptor, who lies buried in the north aisle. There are places of worship for Wesley ans and Inde- pendents ; and a national school is supported. BULKINGTON, a tything, in the parish of Keevil, union of Westbury and Whorwelsdown, hundred of Melksham, Whorwelsdown and N. divisions of Wilts, 5|- miles (S. E.) from Melksham ; containing 268 in- habitants. The tithes have been commuted for £246, of w^hich £145 are payable to the Dean and Chapter of Winchester, and £101 to the vicar of the parish. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans, BULL B U L M BULKWORTHY, a chapelry, in the parish of Buckland-Brewer, union of Bideford, hundred of Shebbear, Great Torrington and N. divisions of Devon, miles (S. W. by W.) from Great Torrington 5 con- taining 196 inhabitants. BULLER’S GREEN, a township, in the parish, parliamentary borough, and union of Morpeth, W. division of Morpeth ward, N. division of Northum- berland 5 containing I69 inhabitants. It comprises about 100 acres of land, tithe-free, adjoining the north and north-west boundaries of the town of Morpeth, and consists principally of one row of houses, in a curved line. The abbot of Newminster anciently had posses- sions in the place, and there was probably, some three centuries since, a bowling-green here, on ‘‘ Bowles Green,” a name now corrupted into Buller’s Green. BULLEY {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Westbury, hundred of the duchy of Lancaster, W. division of the county of Gloucester, miles (S. E. by S.) from Newent 5 containing 9,9,9 inhabitants. This parish is of great antiquity, and the manor is noticed in the Domesday survey, under the name of Buttelege : it comprises about 500 acres, of which the greater por- tion is good arable land, and the remainder indifferent pasture. The living is a perpetual curacy, annexed to the vicarage of Churcham. The church is a small struc- ture, in the Norman style, with a low spire, and con- sists only of a nave, at the east end of which is a beauti- ful Norman arch, that led into the chancel, now de- stroyed 5 there is also a similar arch at the south en- trance BULLINGHAM, a parish, in the hundred of Web- tree, union and county of Hereford, 9 miles (S.) from Hereford ; containing 412 inhabitants, of whom 129 are in Upper, and 283 in Lower, Bullingham. This parish comprises 1679 acres by measurement, of which 705 are in Upper, and 974 in Lower, Bullingham 3 it is bounded on the north by the river Wye, and is inter- sected by the road from Hereford to Ross. It con- stitutes the prebend of Over Bullinghope, in the Cathedral of Hereford, valued in the king’s books at £17. 18* 1^.> and in the patronage of the Bishop. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £109 3 patron, the Prebendary appropriators. Dean and Chapter. The church was enlarged some years since. BURLINGTON, a chapelry, in the parish of Gol- tho, W. division of the wapentake of Wraggoe, parts of Lindsey, union and county of Lincoln, 9^ miles (W.) from Wragby ^ containing 62 inhabitants. This place is situated on the road from Lincoln to Louth, and comprises by computation 780 acres ; it formerly belonged to the knightly family of the Methams, which is now extinct. Here are inconsiderable remains of a religious house, founded by Simon Fitz-William, or De Kyme, in honour of the Blessed Virgin Mary, as a priory and convent for both sexes, under the rule of St. Gilbert of Sempringham : the revenue, at the time of the Dissolution, was £187* 7* 9. BURLINGTON (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Andover, hundred of Wherwell, Andover andN. divisions of the county of Southampton, 5 miles (S. by W.) from Whitchurch 3 containing 187 inhabit- ants. The parish comprises by computation 1600 acres 3 the soil is of a mixed quality, but generally fertile 3 the surface is varied, rising in some parts into hills of 416 moderate elevation 3 and the lower grounds are watered by a branch of the river Test, w^hich flows through the parish. The living is annexed, with that of Tufton, to the vicarage of Wherwell : the tithes of Bullington have been commuted for £361. 13., of which £272. 6. are payable to the prebendary of Wherwell, who has a glebe of 15 acres, and £89* 7* to the incumbent. At a place called Titbury Hill, is an intrenched area of about ten acres, in which square stones, Roman coins, and the remains of some wells have been discovered. BULLOCK’S HALL, a township, in the parish of Warkw^orth, union of Morpeth, E. division of Mor- peth ward, N. division of Northumberland, 10| miles (N. N. E.) from Morpeth 3 containing 19 inhabit- ants. It formed part of the ancient chapelry of Chiving- ton, and the chapel for the district was situated near its limits. The township is the property of Ralph Fen- wick, Esq. The tithes have been commuted for £28. 12., of which £24 are payable to the Bishop of Carlisle, and £4. 12. to the vicar of the parish. BULMER {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Sudbury, hundred of Hinckford, N. division of Essex, 2 miles (W. S. W.) from Sudbury ; containing 775 in- habitants. The parish comprises by measurement 2759 acres 3 the soil is generally productive, and in some parts exuberantly fertile, producing abundant crops of grain 3 and several acres are planted with hops, which thrive well. The surface is elevated, and the higher grounds command extensive and finely varied prospects. The living is a discharged vicarage, with that of Bel- champ- Walter consolidated, endowed with a portion of the great tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £83 net income, £445 3 patron, Samuel Milbank Raymond, Esq. 3 impropriator, excepting where the land is tithe- free, Charles Hammersley, Esq. The church is a plain edifice of stone, with a square tower, and contains an ancient font of considerable beauty. Here was formerly a chantry endowed with lands, which, on its suppres- sion, were annexed to the manor of Butlers. A school is supported by Lady Laura Meyrick, of Auberies. BULMER {St. Martin), a parish, in the union of Malton, wapentake of Bulmer, N. riding of York, 3 miles (N. W.) from Whitwell 3 containing 983 inhabit- ants, of whom 324 are in the township of Bulmer. The parish, which gives name to the wapentake, is bounded on the east by the river Derwent, and comprises the towmships of Bulmer and Welburn, the latter in the eastern part : in the township of Bulmer are 1622 acres, of which 9^9 are arable, 511 meadow and pas- ture, and 177 woodland : the soil is generally a fine bright loam 3 the surface is diversified with hills, com- manding extensive views, and the scenery is picturesque. Limestone is quarried for building and agricultural pur- poses. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11, and in the patronage of the Earl Fitz- william, with a net income of £3963 incumbent. Rev. W. Preston : the tithes were commuted for land, under an inclosure act, in 1777 3 the glebe consists of 210 acres. The church is an ancient edifice with a square tower at the west end, and contains a monument of a Knight Templar. There is a place of worship for Wes- leyans 3 and a handsome and spacious school, built by the Earl of Carlisle, is principally supported by his Lordship, Viscount Morpeth, the Duchess of Sutherland, and the rector. B U L W BUMP BULPHAN (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Orsett, hundred of Barstabee, S. division of Essex, 10 miles (E. S. E.) from Romford; containing 254 in- habitants. This parish, which anciently belonged to the nunnery of Barking, is hounded on the west by the brook of Dunton, and comprises 1667«* 15p., including 222 acres of common. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £23, and in the patronage of the Trustees of the late Rev. J. S. Hand : the tithes have been commuted for £405. 12., and the glebe comprises 15 acres. The church is a small edifice, with a belfry of wood, surmounted by a small spire ; on the south side of the chancel are some remains of an ancient chapel. BULVERHYTHE (St. Mary), an ancient parish, and a member of the town and port of Hastings, union and rape of Hastings, hundred of Bexhill, and E. division of Sussex, 1 j mile (E.) from Bexhill ; contain- ing 37 inhabitants. This place, formerly a haven called BoUifride, is said to derive its name from William the Conqueror, who is supposed to have landed here, having granted to an ancestor of the Pelham family as much land as he could cover with a bull’s hide, which was made extensive by the expedient of cutting it into slips. It is bounded on the south by the English Channel, which has considerably encroached on the land, and is intersected by the road from Dovor to Brighton, by way of Hastings ; along the coast are several martello towers, and there are some remains of an ancient church or chapel. BULWELL (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Baseord, N. division of the wapentake of Broxtow and of the county of Nottingham, Sf miles (N. W. by N.) from Nottingham ; containing 1577 inhabitants. This place derives its name from an ancient and copious spring called Bull- well,” to which the cattle from the adjoining forest of Sherwood, previously to its inclosure, were accustomed to resort. The parish, which includes the ancient soc of Hemshill, is situated on the river Been, and comprises bj^ measurement 1631 acres of arable and meadow land, in nearly equal portions, and lying on opposite banks of the river : the substratum is chiefly limestone, which produces lime of excellent quality, and coal is found in several parts, but not wrought. The population is partly employed in the manufacture of lace and the weaving of stockings. The village is pleasantly situated near the river, and con- tains many substantial and well-built houses, chiefly of stone : there are three corn-mills, and one for the spin- ning of cotton, all propelled by water, and several ex- tensive bleaching' grounds and printing-establishments, connected with the cotton manufacture, in which about 300 persons are employed. Courts leet and baron are held by the lord of the manor, who has the power to prove wills and grant administrations, and to hold a court of copyhold for the manor, in which the custom of Borough English prevails. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 5. 10., and in the patronage of the Rev. Alfred Padley : the tithes have been commuted for £273. 10., and the glebe com- prises 60 acres. The church is a small neat edifice, situated to the east of the village, on the highest ground in the parish, and was enlarged about the year 1775. There are places of worship for Baptists and Wes- leyans ; and a free school is endowed with four acres of land, producing £20 per annum. 416 BULWICK (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Oundee, hundred of Corby, N. division of the county of Northampton, 8 miles (N. E.) from Wans- ford 5 containing, with Bulwick-Short-Leys, extra- parochial, 487 inhabitants. This parish, situated on the road from Stamford to Kettering, is watered by the Willow brook, and comprises by computation 2000 acres, of which about 200 are wood : the soil, near the village, is of sandy quality, and in other parts a fertile clay ; and limestone and iron-ore are found, the latter of which appears to have been formerly wrought, as vestiges of ancient mines may still be traced. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £18. 7- 1- j income, £366 ; patron, Thomas Tryon, Esq. The greater portion of the tithes was commuted, some time since, for 300 acres of land : there is a good glebe-house. The church is partly in the decorated and partly in the later English style, with a finely-pro- portioned tower and spire ; it contains three stone stalls and some screen- work, and has lately been re- pewed. Charles Tryon, Esq., in 1705, bequeathed £200, wdiich, in 1805, were invested in the purchase of £400 three per cent, consols., with a portion of the interest of which, together with the rental of some lands, a school is supported ; and a school-house has been built recently by Thomas Tryon, Esq. Near Balwich Hall is a chalybeate spring. BUMPSTEAD-HELION (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Risbridge, hundred of Freshwell, N. division of Essex, 3|^ miles (S. W. by S.) from Haver- hill ; containing 906 inhabitants. It comprises by- measurement 3120 acres, of which 2390 are arable, and the remainder, with the exception of a small portion of pasture, chiefly woodland. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13, and in the patron- age of Trinity College, Cambridge; impropriators. Trustees of the late Richard Salwey, Esq. The great tithes have been commuted for £711. 9. 9.5 Rud the vicarial for £274. 3. 10., and the glebe consists of 3^ acres. The church is an ancient edifice of stone, with a tower of brick, of modern date, and has been enlarged within the last few years. Schools are supported by subscription. There was formerly a guild here, dedi- cated to St. Peter. BUMPSTEAD, STEEPLE, or Bumpstead-at-the- Tower (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Ris- bridge, hundred of Hjnckford, N. division of Essex, 2f miles (S.) from Haverhill; containing 1212 inhabit- ants. This extensive parish takes the adjunct by which it is distinguished from Bumpstead-Helion, from its having been conspicuous, at an early period, for the tower or steeple of its church. A small river, called the Stour, passes through the parish, which is also inter- sected by the road from Clare to London. A pleasure- fair is held on Whit- Wednesday, and another for the sale of earthenware in August. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £15. 2. 1. ; net income, £229 ; patron. Lord Chancellor ; appropriator. Minor Canon of St. Paul’s. The church is an ancient struc- ture : the door of the chancel appears to have been formerly enriched with precious stones, and ornamented with the figures of four basilisks. Here is a place of worship for Independents ; and there are an en- dowed school, and several others supported by different individuals. Sir Thomas Bendish, a distinguished ad- B U N B BUNG herent to Charles to whom he sent a large sum of BUNCTON, a chapelry, in the parish of Ashington, money in his troubles, and afterwards ambassador to hundred of West Grinstead, rape of Bramber, the Ottoman Porte, was born at Bower Hall 3 and W. division of Sussex, miles (N. W.) from Steyning^ Augustine Lindsell, Bishop of Hereford, was also a containing 72 inhabitants. native of the parish. BUNDLE Y, or Bondleigh {St, James), a parish, BUNBURY (St, Boniface), a \^B,Yish, in the union in the union of Oakhampton, hundred of North of Nantwich, partly in the Higher division of the hun- Tawton, South Molton and N. divisions of Devon, dred of Broxton, but chiefly in the First division of 2 miles (N. N. W.) from North Tawton ; containing 342 the hundred of Eddisbury, S. division of the county inhabitants. It is situated on the river Taw, and com- of Chester; comprising the chapelry of Burwardsley) prises by computation 1500 acres. A small number of and the townships of Alpraham, Beeston, Bunbury, persons are employed in weaving and glove-making : Calveley, Haughton, Peckforton, Ridley, Spurstow, Til- stone is quarried for the roads. The living is a rectory, ston-Fearnall, Tiverton, and Wardle ; and containing valued in the king’s books at £10. I7. 8^., and in the 4678 inhabitants, of whom 926 are in the township of patronage of the Wyndham family ; net income, £232. Bunbury, 3^ miles (S. S. E.) from Tarporley. This The church has some remains of Norman architecture, place, which is of great antiquity, was granted at the and an ancient font. There is a place of worship for Conquest to Fitz-Hugh, Baron of Malpas, from whom Bible Christians. -it descended through various possessors, till, on the BUNGAY, a market-town, in the union and hundred decease of the late Sir William Bunbury, the manor of Wangford,E. division of Suffolk, 40 miles (N.N. E.) became vested in the representatives of the Earl of from Ipswich, 40 (N. E. by E.) from Bury-St. Edmund’s, Dysart. Courts ieet and baron are held annually, and and 109 (N. E. by N.) from London, on the road to Yar- a manorial court occasionally, for the recovery of debts mouth ; containing 4109 inhabitants. This place is said under 40^. The Chester canal passes through the parish, to have derived its name from the term le-bon-eye, sig- and is crossed close to Bunbury lock by the Chester nifying the good island,” in consequence of its being and Crewe railway : the parish contains by computation nearly surrounded by the river Waveney, which was once 17,000 acres. The living is a perpetual curacy; net abroad stream. Soon after the Norman Conquest, a income, £117; patrons, the Haberdashers’ Company, castle was built, which from its situation and the strength London ; impropriator, S. Aldersey, Esq. The church of its fortifications, was deemed impregnable by its is a handsome building of red freestone, in the later possessor, Hugh Bigot, Earl of Norfolk, in the reign of English style : at the termination of each of the aisles Stephen; but that monarch, in the 6th year of his is an ancient and elegant chapel, called Eggerton and reign, in the year 1140, came with his army and took Spurstow chapels, the former built in 1523. Within it. In 1154 also, the 1st year of Henry II-, it was the church are several fine monuments; among which yielded by the same earl, but restored in 1163, and in are, a rich altar-tomb to the memory of Sir Hugh the following year he again took up arms against the Calveley, the celebrated Cheshire hero,*’ who eminently king, and fortified himself in the castle, which he was distinguished himself during the invasions of France by compelled to deliver up, and permit to be demolished : Edward HI. ; and one to Admiral Sir George Beeston, on its site a mansion was erected, which, in the 22nd who aided in the destruction of the Spanish Armada, in year of Edward I., 1293, Roger Bigot embattled, by 1588. The church was fired by a detachment from the royal permission. The form of the castle, of which the royal garrison at Cholmondeley House, on the 20th of remains belong to the Duke of Norfolk, appears to have June, 1643, and sustained considerable injury. The been octangular: portions of the west and south-west above Sir Hugh, about 1386, founded and endowed in angles are still standing, as are also three sides of the the church a college for a master and six Secular chap- main keep, situated nearly at the back of the two portal lains ; and at the Dissolution, the establishment con- towers: their walls are from 7 to 11 feet thick, and from sisted of a dean, five vicars, and two choristers, whose ,15 to 17 feet high ; in the midst is a well of strongly-im- clear revenue was valued at £48.2.8.: the buildings pregnated mineral water, long since disused. Near Saint stood in a field about 200 yards north-west of the Mary’s church are the ruins of a Benedictine nunnery, church. In 1575, Thomas Aldersey, citizen of London, founded about the year II60, in the reign of Henry II., purchased the rectory and advowson from Queen Eliza- by Roger de Glanville and the Countess de Gundreda, beth, and afterwards leased the tithes for ^130 per his lady, the revenue of which, at the Dissolution, was -annum, of which he directed that £20 should be given estimated at £62. 2. 1^., at which time there was a to a schoolmaster, £10 to an usher, 100 marks to a prioress and 11 nuns. In March, I688, a fire broke .minister (each to have a house and a certain portion of out, and the flames spread with such rapidity, that the land in addition), £20 to a curate, and £10 to the poor, whole town, with the exception of one small street, was A chapel was built, in 1735, in the township of Bur- reduced to ashes, and property, to the amount of nearly wardsley, and a church at Tilston-Fearnall, in 1836. £30,000, together with most of the ancient records of There is a place of worship for Wesley ans. The school the castle, as is supposed, were destroyed: one house, was rebuilt in 1812, at the expense of Samuel Aldersey, with curiously carved windows, is still standing, which Esq. ; and a school, now conducted on the national escaped the conflagration, situated near the nunnery, to .plan, was endowed by Mr. Thomas Gardener, in 1750. which it is supposed to have been attached, as the hos- Bunbury Heath, by some considered to be the place pital for travellers and strangers. described in a poem entitled the Ancient English The town is pleasantly situated on the river Wave- Wake of Jerningham,” is the scene of festivity on the ney, which here forms the line of boundary between the Sunday preceding the festival of St. Boniface, in every counties of Norfolk and Suffolk, and over which are two vear. neat bridges : the streets, diverging from the market- 5 H VoL. I. 417 BUNG BUNT place in the centre of the town towards the principal roads, are spacious, well paved, and lighted with gas : the houses are in general modern, having been rebuilt since the lire 3 and the inhabitants are amply supplied with water from springs. The theatre, a neat edifice erected in 18^7^ is opened occasionally } and there is ah assembly-room, also a book-club, established in 1770. On the northern side of the town is an extensive com- mon, nearly surrounded by the Waveney, along the edge of which, on the Norfolk side, is a pleasant promenade, one mile and a half in length, leading to a cold bath, where a bath-house has been built, and requisite accom- modation provided. The trade is principally in corn, malt, flour, and coal : there are several flour-mills, and malting-houses, on a large scale j also a paper-mill, a large silk-manufactory, and an extensive printing-office. The Waveney is navigable from Yarmouth, whence the town is supplied with coal, timber, and other articles of consumption. The market is on Thursday j and fairs are held on May 14th and September 25th. In the market-place is an octagonal cross, surmounted by a dome, on the top of which is a fine figure of Justice : so late as the year 1810, the ancient cross, called the Corn Cross, was standing. The town is within the jurisdiction of the county magistrates, who hold petty- sessions every Thursday ; and a town- reeve is appointed annually, who, and the feoffees, are trustees of the estates and rent-charges devised for the benefit of the town : courts leet and baron for the three manors of Bungay Soke, Priory, and Burgh, are usually held twice a year. Bungay comprises the parishes of St, Mary and the Holy Trinity ; the former containing 2248, and the latter, I86I, inhabitants. The living of St. Mary’s is a per- petual curacy 5 net income, £115, with a house 3 patron, Duke of Norfolk. The church is a handsome and spa- cious structure, with a fine tower, and was chiefly rebuilt between 1689 and I7OI, with flint and freestone : the original steeple was struck by lightning on the 4th Aug., 1577^ and much injured, at which time two men were killed in the belfry. The living of the parish of the Holy Trinity is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 0. 5., and endowed with the rectorial tithes 3 net income, £256 3 patron. Bishop of Ely : there is a good glebe -house, with 10 acres of land. The church is a small ancient edifice, with a fine round tower. There was formerly a church dedicated to St. Thomas, which was used since 1500, but it has been destroyed. There are places of worship for Wesleyans, Indepen- dents, and Roman Catholics. The free grammar school was instituted by the Rev. Thomas Popeson, in 1592, who also founded ten scholarships in Emanuel College, Cambridge,, now reduced to four 3 and in 1728 it was endowed by Henry Williams with the vicarage of St. Andrew, Ilketshall 3 also with 33 acres of land by Mr. Scales, of Earsham : the income of the master, who is appointed by the college, is from £180 to £200. Henry Webster, in 1712, bequeathed land for the instruction of children of the parish of St. Mary. A national school, with an infant school for 300 children, has been erected at an estimated expense of £367 j and there is also a British and foreign school, for about 200 children, sup- ported chiefly by subscription. Thomas Wingfield, in 1593, bequeathed property, since vested in land, produ- cing about £25 per annum, for the relief of indigent per- sons, and for the apprenticing of children ; and the 418 . town lands comprise 155 acres, and yield an income of from £300 to £400. A dispensary was established in 1828, and is liberally supported 3 there are also a lying- in institution, and two clothing societies, and almshouses in each parish for the residence of aged persons. The remains of a Roman encampment are still to be seen upon the common : numerous antiquities have been found on its eastern side, among which are several hundreds of very small brass Roman coins, called minimi ; and a tournament spur, a leaden bulla of Geles- tine III., and a fine silver Saxon penny of Offa, king of Mercia, have been found during the present century near the castle. BUNNY {St. Mary) , a parish, in the union of Bus- ford, N. division of the wapentake of Rushcliffe, S. division of the county of Nottingham, 7^ miles (S.) from Nottingham ; containing 360 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the road from London to Notting- ham, through Loughborough, and comprises by com- putation 2000 acres. Bunny Park, the seat of Lord Rancliffe, to the east of the village, is an ancient man- sion of brick, ornamented with stone, with a massive gateway entrance. The living is a discharged vicarage, with Bradrnore, valued in the king’s books at £6. 14. ^ net income, £425 3 patrons. Lord Rancliffe and Rev. J. Boyer, of whom the former is impropriator. The tithes were partly commuted for land in 1797 j tbe glebe con- tains about 227 acres, to which there is a good glebe- house. The church is a spacious and well-built edifice,, partly in the decorated and partly in the later English style, with a tower surmounted by a crocheted spire, and contains several monuments to the family of Parkyns, who became proprietors of the united parishes, by purchase, in the reign of Elizabeth. A school, the building for which was erected in I700, has an endow- ment in land, producing £60 per annum, the gift of Lady Parkyns, who also founded an almshouse for four widows, and endowed it with £16 per annum, augmented with £5 annually by her husband. Sir Thomas Parkyns 3 the same lady likewise assigned an annuity of £30 for apprenticing poor boys. BUNTINGFORD, a chapelry (formerly a market- town), in the parishes of Aspeden, Layston, Throck^ iNG, and Wyddiall, union of Royston and Bunting- ford, hundred of Edwinstree, county of Hertford, 12 miles (N. N. E.) from Hertford 3 containing 581 inha- bitants. This place , takes its name from a ford on the river Rib, near which a blacksmith, named Bunt, or Bunting, had a forge. The town is pleasantly situated on a gentle ascent between two hills, and consists of one street, half a mile in length : the houses are in general well built, and of respectable appearance, and the inha- bitants are amply supplied with water. The trade i& principally in leather and malt : the fairs, formerly on June 29th and November 30th, each for four days, are now irregularly held. The county magistrates hold petty-sessions here for the division, and a septennial court leet is held for the hundred. The living is a per- petual curacy, annexed to the vicarage of Layston, and is endowed with a portion of the tithes. The chapel, dedicated to St. Peter, is a commodious brick building, erected by subscription, in 1626, through the exertions of the Rev. Alexander Strange, vicar of Layston, who lies interred in it : from its convenient situation, it is appropriated to the general use of the parishioners of B U R B BURE Layston, the parish church, half a mile distant, being resorted to only for marriages. There are places of worship for the Society of Friends and Independents. The free grammar school was endowed in 1630, by Mrs. Eliz. Freeman, with lands producing £10. 10. per annum j which endowment was augmented wdth a moiety of the produce of land left by Seth Ward, Bishop of Salisbury, to Christ’s College, Cambridge, the other being applied to the endowment in that college of four scholarships^ of £ 1 2 per annum each, for boys on this foundation. A school for girls is supported by sub- scription. Eight almshouses, for four aged men and four women, were founded in 1668, and endowed with land by Bishop Ward 3 and the bishop also gave £600 to purchase land, the rental of which is applied to the apprenticing of children : he was a native of the town, and received the rudiments of his education in the grammar school. BUN WELL (St. Michael), a parish, in the union and hundred of Depwade, E. division of Norfolk, 3 miles (N. E. by E.) from New Buckenham 5 containing 1001 inhabitants. It is intersected by the road from New Buckenham to Norwich : the manufacture of bom- basines is carried on to a limited extent. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £17^ and in the patronage of the family of Buxton : the tithes have l)een commuted for £744. 8., and the glebe comprises 5^ acres. The church is chiefly in the later English style, and consists of a nave and chancel, with an em- battled tower. There is a place of worship for Primitive Methodists. The proceeds of a town estate, worth about £30 per annum, are applied to the repairing of the church, and the relief of the poor. BURASTON, with Whetmore, a chapelry, in the parish of Burford, union of Tenbury, hundred of Overs, S. division of Salop, if mile (N. E.) from Ten- bury j containing 2^23 inhabitants. The Kington canal passes on the southern side of the village. BURBAGE, a chapelry, in the parish of Aston- Flamville, union of Hinckley, hundred of Sparken- HOE, S. division of the county of Leicester, 1 mile (S. E.) from Hinckley 5 containing, with the hamlet of Sketchley, 1827 inhabitants. This place is situated on the London road to Hinckley and Market-Bosworth, and the Roman Watling-street passes it in a south-westerly direction 3 it comprises 3057 acres, of which 1200 are arable, 79 woodland, and the rest pasture, common, The manufacture of stockings is carried on to a consi- derable extent, about 800 persons being employed in it. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Rector of Aston-Flamville : the tithes have been com- muted for £623, and there is a glebe of about 1 1 acres. The chapel, dedicated to St. Catharine, is an ancient edifice. There are places of worship for Wesleyans and Independents 3 and a national school is supported by the rector, aided by an annual collection. The late Mr. Canning resided for some time in the parish. BURBAGE (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Pewsey, hundred of Kinwardstone, Marlborough and Ramsbury, and S. divisions of Wilts, 4 f miles (E. by N.) from Pewsey 3 containing 1455 inhabitants. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 3. 1 j. 3 net income, £257 j patron and appropriator. Prebendary of Hurstborne and Burbage, in the Cathedral of Salisbury. Schools are supported by subscription. 419 BURCOMBE, SOUTH, a parish, in the union of Wilton, hundred of Cawden and Cadworth, Salis- bury and Amesbury, and S. divisions of Wilts, 2 miles (W. by S.) from Wilton 3 containing, with the tything of North Burcornbe and part of the hamlet of Ditchampton, 402 inhabitants. The parish is on the road from Salis- bury to Shaftesbury, and comprises by computation 1500 acres, of which the soil is partly chalk, and partly clay, alternated with sandy loam 3 the surface is hilly, and the lower grounds are watered by the river Nadder. The living is a perpetual curacy, with the chapel of St. John,, in Wilton, and has a net income of £52 3 the Earl of Pembroke is impropriator, and the Master of St. John’s hospital, Wilton, patron. The tithes have been com- muted for £170, and the glebe consists of 15 poles of land. There is a parochial school. On the downs are several large barrows. BURCOTT, a hamlet, in the parish of Wing, union of Leighton-Buzzard, hundred of Cottesloe, county of Buckingham 3 containing I70 inhabitants. BURCOTT, a hamlet, in the parish and hundred of Dorchester, union of Abingdon, county of Oxford, 5 miles (E. by S.) from Abingdon 3 containing 183 inha- bitants. The village is situated on the river Thames. BURCOTT, a tything, in the parish of St. Cuth- BERT3 city and union of Wells, hundred of Wells- Forum, E. division of Somerset 3 containing 103 inhabitants. BURDON, a township, in the parish of Bishop- Wearmouth, union and N. division of Easington ward, N. division of the county of Durham, Sf miles (S. S. W.) from Sunderland 3 containing 114 inhabitants. The ancient family of Burdon, of knightly dignity, de- rived their name from this place, and it also gave name to a local family, who, however, never passed the rank of yeomanry. The township lies on the south verge of the parish, near the road from Sunderland to Stockton, and comprises 1109a. 3r. 22p. The village is pleasantly situated on an eminence. The tithes have been com- muted for £140. 17. 10., payable to the rector of Bishop- Wearmouth. BURDON, GREAT, a township, in the parish of Haughton-le-Skerne, union, and S. E. division of the ward, of Darlington, S. division of the county of Durham, 2 miles (N. E. by E.) from Darlington 3 con- taining 117 inhabitants. It comprises 589 acres, of which 312 are arable, 264 grass land, and 14 roads and waste. The whole of the township is leased under the Dean and Chapter of Durham : the tithes were com- muted in 1838 for £131. 6. The Stockton and Darling- ton railway passes on the south. BURE, a tything, in the parish, union, and hundred of Christchurch, Ringwood and S. divisions of the county of Southampton, 2 ^ miles (E.) from Christ- church 3 containing 786 inhabitants. BURES (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Sud- bury, hundred of Babergh, W. division of Suffolk, 5 miles (S. E. by S.) from Sudbury 3 containing 1596 inhabitants. This parish, including a hamlet of the same name, containing 612 persons, and locally in the county of Essex, comprises by measurement 4127 acres, of which 2542 are in that part of the parish separated from Essex, by the navigable river Stour. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £12. 16. 0|. 3 patron and impropriator, O. Hanburv, Esq. : the great 3 H 2 B U R F B U R F tithes have been commuted for £574, and the vicarial for £246, and a sum of £8 per annum is paid to the rector of Little Cornard. The impropriate tithes for the hamlet of Bures have been commuted for £387, and the vicarial for £81 j the vicar’s glebe comprises 13 acres. There is a national school. BURES, MOUNT (St, John), a parish, in the union of Lexden and Winstree, Colchester division of the hundred of Lexden, N. division of Essex, 6 miles (S. S. E.) from Sudbury ; containing 282 in- habitants. This place takes its distinguishing affix from an artificial mount near the church, one acre in extent at the base, and planted on its summit with stately oak-trees and other timber. The parish is plea- santly situated on the banks of the river Stour, and comprises by measurement 1420 acres, of which 1193 are arable, 130 pasture, and 13 woodland. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 6. 8., and in the patronage of the Rev. John Brett : the rector’s tithes have been commuted for £445, and the glebe comprises 22 acres : there is also a rent-charge of £17, payable to an impropriator. The church is an ancient edifice, consisting of a nave and chancel, with a central tower between them, surmounted by a w^ooden spire. There was formerly a chantry, to which belonged a small chapel in the churchyard, now converted into two small tenements. BURFORD (St, John THE Baptist), a market- town and parish, in the union of Witney, hundred of Bampton, county of Ox- ford, 18j miles (W. N. W.) from Oxford, and 73 (W. N. W.) from London, on the road from Oxford to Chel- tenham 3 containing, with the hamlet of Upton with Signett, „ . o , 1862 inhabitants, of whom Corporation Seal. 1044 are in the town. This place is of considerable antiquity, and was by the Saxons called Beorford, of which its present name is a variation. In 685, an ecclesiastical synod was held here by the kings Ethelred and Berthwald, at which Aldhelm, Bishop of Sherborne, was ordered to write against the error of the British church respecting Easter. In 752, a battle was fought at Battle-edge, a little westward from the town, between Ethelbald, King of Mercia, and Cuthred, King of the West Saxons, who had revolted against his authority, in which Ethelbald was defeated, and the royal standard, bearing the device of a golden dragon, captured 5 and this event was commemorated by an annual festival, on Midsummer-eve, for several ages, when the inhabitants paraded the streets, bearing the figures of a dragon and a giant. Soon after the Con- quest, the town was bestowed on Robert, Earl of Glou- cester, natural son of Henry I. In 1649, an encounter took place here between Fairfax and the royalists, when the former was victorious. The town is pleasantly situated on the banks of the small river Windrush : the houses are indifferently built, but the inhabitants are well supplied with water. Races were formerly held, but they have been discontinued for many years. The making of saddles, and a considerable trade in malt and wool, that formerly flourished, have much declined 3 and 420 this, added to the diversion of the line of road, which now avoids the town, has reduced it from a flourishing condition to a state of comparative poverty. The market is on Saturday 3 and fairs are held on the last Saturday in April, for cattle, sheep, and cheese 3 July 5th, for horses 3 and Sept. 25th, for horses, sheep, and cheese. A charter w^as granted by Henry II., conferring on the inhabitants all customs enjoyed by the free burgesses of Oxford,” of many of which they were deprived by Lord Chief Justice Tanfield, in the reign of Elizabeth. They are entitled to elect an alderman, a steward, two bailiffs, and twelve burgesses, at Easter 3 but of late years these officers have not been appointed : the town is within the jurisdiction of the county magistrates, who hold petty-sessions for the division, and a court leet and a court baron are also held. The parish comprises 2606a. 2r. 14p., of which 2319 acres are arable, 227 pasture, and about 60 woodland. The LIVING is a discharged vicarage, with Fulbrook an- nexed, valued in the king’s books at £31. 13. 3 net in- come, £294 3 patron. Bishop of Oxford ; appropriators, the bishop, and the provost of Eton College. The tithes were commuted for land and corn-rents in 1794. The church is a spacious structure, chiefly Norman, but dis- playing beautiful specimens in every style of English architecture : the tower, which is surmounted by a beautiful spire, is Norman 3 and the interior of the belfry, still in its original state, is a fine specimen of the early period of that style. At the west entrance is a fine Norman arch 3 and the south porch, which is in the later English style, is exquisitely rich. In a chapel, on the north side of the chancel, is a monument to Sir Lawrence Tanfield, Knt., lord chief baron of the ex- chequer : in the Sylvester chapel, or aisle, is a stone coffin of unusual size and form, which was dug up on the estate of William Lenthall, Esq., and was found to contain a skull 3 and in the nave is an ancient font of cylindrical form, ornamented with a rude sculpture of the Crucifixion. There are places of worship for Bap- tists, the Society of Friends, and Wesleyans. The free school was founded, in 1571, by Simon Wisdom, aider- man, who assigned property for its endowment, which, with subsequent benefactions, produces £84 per annum. An apartment over the schoolroom is used as the town- hall, where the assizes for the county were held in 1636. John Wilmot, the celebrated Earl of Rochester, and the late Earl of Liverpool, received the rudiments of their education in the school. The Great Almshouse was founded, in 1457, by the Earl and Countess of Warwick, for eight poor wddows 3 and Wisdom’s almshouse was founded, before 1628, for four widows. Four messuages were assigned for almshouses, in 1726, by the will of Dr. John Castle, for four aged widows, with a small en- dowment 3 and there are also various charitable endow- ments, the principal of which are, the church estate, which yields £56 per annum, and Pool’s estate, pro- ducing £62 annually. Adjoining the town was a priory, dedicated to St. John, the revenue of which was valued at £13. 6. 6. at the Dissolution, after which it was granted to Edward Harman, Esq., who erected a man- sion on its foundation : having reverted to the crown, it was disposed of in the reign of Elizabeth, to Sir John Fortesque, wffio sold it to Sir Lawrence Tanfield, by whom the priory and manor were left to his grandson. Lord Falkland, who was born here, and was killed in the BURG BURG battle of Newbury. The property was afterwards pur- chased by Mr. Speaker Lenthall, who enlarged the priory, and built a beautiful chapel adjoining it. Mr. Lenthall died here, in l66l, and was interred in the family vault. The eminent cosmographer. Dr. Peter Heylin, was born at Burford in 1600. The town gives the inferior title of Earl to the Duke of , St. Albans, BURFORD {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Ten BURY, hundred of Overs, S. division of Salop, mile (W. by S.) from Tenbury 3 containing, with the townships of Burford, Buraston, Greet, Nash, Stoke, Tilsop, Weston, Whatmore, and Whitton, 1031 inha-- bitants, of whom 297 are in the township of Burford. Licence for a weekly market and an annual fair was granted by Henry III. The Kington canal crosses the parish, on the northern side of the village. The living is a rectory, divided into three portions : the first is valued in the king’s books at £9. 13. 4., and has a net income of £377 5 the second, to which the chapel of Whit- ton is annexed, is valued at £8, and has an income of £286 3 and the third, to which the chapels of Buraston and Nash are annexed, is valued at £8. 13. 4., with an income of £335 : they are all in the patronage of the Hon. and Rev. G. R. Bowles. A school is supported by subscription, and a small infants’ school by the rector. BURGATE {St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Hartismere, W. division of Suffolk, 2^ miles (E.) from Botesdale 3 containing 369 inhabitants, and comprising by admeasurement 1956 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 10. 10., and in the patronage of the Bishop of Ely : the tithes have been commuted for £550, and the glebe, to which a good house is attached, comprises 74 acres. The church is a handsome structure, in the later English §tyle, with a square embattled tower, and contains a finely sculptured font, and in the chancel a handsome monument to William de Burgate and his lady, whose ^ffigies are engraved in brasses. BURGATE, MIDDLE, NORTH, and SOUTH, three tythings, in the parish and union of Fording- BRiDGE, Ringwood and S. divisions of the county of Southampton 3 containing, respectively, 657, 129, and 609 inhabitants. BURGH {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Ayl- SHAM, hundred of South Erpingham, E. division of Norfolk, 2 miles (S. E. by E.) from Alysham 3 con- taining 314 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the river Bure, which is navigable from Alysham to Yar- mouth, and on the banks of which is an extensive flour- mill : it comprises 7SSa. Ir. S7p., whereof 6I6 acres are arable, 135 pasture and meadow, and 19 woodland and plantations. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 17* 1-, and in the patronage of Mr. Holley : the tithes have been commuted for £255. 19., and the glebe comprises 13 acres. The church contains portions of the early and decorated styles, and has a square embattled tower 3 the font, which is very handsome, is elaborately sculptured with representations of scriptural subjects. A school is sup- ported. Numerous urns, coins, and other antiquities, have been found in the neighbourhood. BURGH, a district, comprising the consolidated parishes of St. Margaret and St. Mary, in the East and West Flegg incorporation, hundred of West Flegg, E. division of Norfolk, 4 miles (N. E. by E.) from 421 Acle 3 containing 506 inhabitants. The village is sitr uated on the old road from Norwich to Yarmouth, and the place is bounded on the south-west by the navigable river Bure. The parish of St. Margaret consists of I606fl. 2r. 6p., of which about 789 acres are arable, upwards of 100 water, 23 wood, and the rest pasture. Henry HI. granted permission to hold a free market on Monday, and a fair on the eve and festival of St. Mar- garet, and six following days 3 both of which have long been discontinued. The living of St. Margaret’s is a discharged rectory, with that of St. Mary’s annexed, the former valued in the king’s books at £8. 13. 4., and the latter at £4 3 patron. Rev. W. Lucas : the tithes have been commuted for £458. 3., and the glebe comprises 22| acres. The church of St. Mary has long been in ruins. A school is’ supported by the rector 3 and there is a place of worship for Wesley ans. Thomas Wymer, in 1505, bequeathed land for the poor, of which the rental is £22 3 and there are other lands for the same, purpose, let for about £60 per annum. BURGH {St. Peter), or Wheatacre Burgh, a parish, in the union of Loddon and Clavering, hundred of Clavering, E. division of Norfolk, Of miles (E. N. E.) from Beccles3 containing 312 inhabitants. This parish is bounded on the north, south, and east by the river Waveney, which separates it from the county of Suffolk 3 and comprises by measurement 860 acres, whereof 583 are low marshy grazing land, about 15 wood, and the remainder arable. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 6. 8. 3 patron and incumbent, the Rev. W. Boycatt : the tithes have been commuted for £370, and the glebe comprises 15^ acres 3 a rent-charge of £3 is payable to the rector of Monk’s Toft. The church is an ancient structure in the early English style, with a tower of brick. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. Thirteen acres of land were allotted to the poor at the inclosure of the parish in 1811. In a field adjoining the churchyard are some remains of what is supposed to have been a religious house. BURGH {St. Botolph), a parish, in the union of Woodbridge, hundred of Carlford, E. division of Suffolk, 3|- miles (N. W.) from Woodbridge ; contain- ing 266 inhabitants. This place is by most antiquaries identified with the Comhretonium of Antoninus, as the distances in the Itinerary correspond with it exactly, and not with Brettenham, as some have supposed. The parish comprises by measurement 1225 acres : the soil is partly of a mixed quality, and partly of a heavy clay 3 and the surface is level. The living is a (iischarged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 3. 4., and in the patronage of Frederick Barne, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £348. 15. 6., and the glebe com- prises 11 acres 3 there is also a sum of £5. 4. 6. paid to an impropriator. The church, a neat ancient struc- ture, in the decorated English style, with a square em- battled tower, is built within a Roman encampment, of which part of the vallum still remains visible. A school is supported by the minister. There was anciently a commandery of the order of St. John of Jerusalem. BURGH- APTON. — See Be'rgh-Apton. BURGH, CASTLE {St. Peter), a parish, in the hundred of Mutford and Lothingland, E. division of Suffolk, 4| miles (W. S. W.) from Great Yarmouth 3 containing 327 inhabitants. This place, anciently Cnob- BURG BURG hen'eshurg, is supposed to be the Roman Garianonum, (which some writers have placed at Caistor^ on the op- posite side of the river,) a station, founded by Publius Ostorius Scapula, and garrisoned, under the command of a Prcepositus, by a troop of cavalry called the Stablesian horse. The ramparts form three sides of an area of up- wards of five acres and a half j and various coins, urns, JibulcB, domestic utensils, and military weapons, have been found in the adjoining fields. The walls of the station are among the most perfect remains of Roman architecture in the kingdom 3 two sides are very perfect, one end has partly fallen, and the side next the river appears not to have been fortified. Bede relates that in the reign of Sigebert, Furseus founded a monastery within the walls of the encampment, but the incursions of the Saxons, and consequent danger to monasteries, caused him, and his brother, to whom he had intrusted the institution, and the monks, to abandon it almost as soon as formed, and no trace of it remains. The parish comprises by measurement 1498 acres, of which 834 are arable, 649 pasture and marsh, and 15 roads 5 much of the meadow land is level, ascending gradually towards the south, and being escarped towards the west. The soil is very various, affording specimens of almost every qua- lity 3 the scenery, though naked, has been rather improved by recent planting : there is a fine view over Norfolk, and more than sixty churches may be seen from one point. The navigable river Waveney flows on the western side, and, opposite the village, unites with the Yare, forming Breydon Water, which runs on the northern side, and is navigable. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 4., and in the patronage of. the Crown 3 net income, £400. The church, an ancient structure, in the Norman style, has, with the exception of the tower, which is circular, been rebuilt in the later English style : in 1838 some curious frescos were discovered on the north wall of the interior, but too mutilated to render their preservation practicable, and the wall was again covered over, after the rector had procured copies of them, which are preserved in the parish chest. A national school, for which a house was built in 1836, is supported by subscription. BURGH-IN-THE-MARSH (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Spilsby, Marsh division of the wapen- take of Candleshoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lin- coln, 8 miles (E. by S.) from Spilsby 3 containing 1095 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the road from Spilsby to Skegness, and comprises 4^37«. 2r. about 3000 of which are meadow and pasture, and the rest arable 3 the village is large, and fairs are held in it on the second Thursday in May, and the 26th Sept. The living is a discharged vicarage, to which that of Winthorpe was united in 1729, valued in the king’s books at £13. 6. 8. 3 patron and appropriator. Bishop of Lincoln 3 net income, £126. The appropriate tithes have been commuted for £304 3 the appropriate glebe consists of 7b acres, and the vicarial glebe comprises 14^ in this parish, and 17f in the adjoining parishes of Croft and Winthorpe. The church is a commodious edifice, with a lofty tower at the west end, and has a handsome nave, with good clerestory windows. The united parishes before the Reformation belonged to the monastery of Bolington 3 and there was a second church called St. Mary’s, of which there is no vestige remaining. The Baptists and Wesleyans have each a place of wor- 422 ship. There is an endowed school, founded by Mrs. Jane Palmer, in 1727, the funds of which, amounting to £65 per annum, arise from twenty-seven acres of land. BURGH, LITTLE, a parish, in the East and West Flegg incorporation, hundred of Holt, W. division of Norfolk, 4^ miles (S. W. by S.) from Holt 3 containing, with Melton-Constable, 75 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, consolidated with that of Melton-Constable, and valued in the king’s books at £4 : the church is in ruins. BURGH, MATTISHALL, county of Norfolk.— See Mattishall Burgh. BURGH, SOUTH, or Hingham-Burgh (St. An- drew), a parish, in the union of Mitford and Laun- DiTCH, hundred of Mitford, W. division of Norfolk, 2^ miles (N. W. by N.) from Hingham 3 containing 307 inhabitants. The parish comprises 1216 a. Ir. 13p., of which 785 acres are arable, and 214 meadow and pas- ture : the surface is pleasingly undulated, and the lower grounds are watered by a stream tributary to the river Yare. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5.. 13. 6J., and in the patronage of T. T. Gurdon, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £304. 5., and the glebe comprises about 2 § acres. The church is an ancient structure in the early and deco- rated English styles, and the tower is now in ruins : on the south side of the chancel are two sediliaof stone and a double piscina ; there are also several neat monuments to the Tavell family. A school is supported by the rector. At the inclosure, 12 acres of land were allotted to the poor, which is let out in portions of half an acre each, and the rents distributed in coal. BURGH-UPON-BAINE (St. Helen), a parish, in the union of Louth, E. division of the wapentake of Wraggoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 7 miles (W.) from Louth 3 containing, with the hamlet of Girsby, 155 inhabitants. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 10. 10. 3 net income, £1333 patron and impropriator, George Lister, Esq. BURGH-UPON-THE-SANDS (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Carlisle, Cumberland ward, and E. division of the county of Cumberland 3 com- prising the townships of Boustead-Hill, Burgh, Long- burgh, and Moorhouse3 and containing 1003 inhabitants, of whom 512 are in the township of Burgh, 5| miles (W. N. W.) from Carlisle. Close to the village, on the northern side, and on the site now called the Old Castle, stood the Roman station, Axelodunum, the sixteenth on the line of Severus’ Wall, and the spot where Adrian’s vallum terminated : the lines of the ramparts, which are still visible, include an area about 136 yards square, in which, and in the vicinity, urns, altars, and inscribed stones have been dug up. A castle, built soon after the Conquest, but of which there are no remains, is stated to have been seized in 1174, by William, King of Scot- land ; and several encounters between the English and the Scots occurred in the parish, of which the most san- guinary were those in 1216 and 1520. Edward I. died here, on the 7th of July, 1307, whilst on an expedition against Scotland : this event has been commemorated by the erection of an obelisk, in 1685, by Henry, Duke of Norfolk, which fell down on the 4th of March, 1795, and was rebuilt by the Earl of Lonsdale, in 1803. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 1 . 10 §., and in the patronage of the Crown 3 BURG BURI net income, £91 j impropriators of the corn tithes, the landowners. The church exhibits evident marks of having been constructed, like some others on the bor- der, as a place of occasional retreat and defence. A school receives £5 per annum from property bequeathed by Thomas Pattinson, in 1785, and by Richard Hodgson previously j and such of the inhabitants as are not pos- sessed of a real estate worth £12 per annum, are entitled to send children to the school at Wiggonby, in Aikton. BURGH- WALLIS (St. Helen) ^ a parish, in the union of Doncaster, Upper division of the wapentake of OSGOLDCROSS, W. riding of York, miles (N. N. W.) from Doncaster ^ containing, with the township of Burgh-Wallis, and part of that of Sutton, 245 inhabit- ants. The latter part of the name of this place was added, in consequence of the family of Wallis arriving and settling here, probably about the time of Henry HI.: they were adherents of Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, and were on that account attainted, when their manors of Burgh-Wallis, Braken, and Newton-Wallis were granted by Edward II. to Henry, Lord Scrope, for his services ; but the estates were afterwards restored, and Scrope received the manor of Whitgift in recompense. The parish is situated a mile to the east of the great north road, and comprises about 1400 acres of land, chiefly arable, but including a considerable portion of wood and pasture j the scenery is very picturesque. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14. 6. 10^. j pet income, about £280 j patron, M. A. Tasburgh, Esq. The tithes were commuted for land and a corn-rent, under an indosure act, in 1813 ; the glebe comprises between 80 and 90 acres. The church is a neat and very ancient structure, of a mixed style, from that of the 12th to that of the l6th century. There is a Roman Catholic chapel annexed to Burgh-Wallis House, but no longer in use. BURGH AM, a ty thing, in the parish of Worples- DON, union of Guildford, First division of the hun- dred of WoKEiNG, W. division of Surrey j containing 314 inhabitants. BURGHCLERE (.^ll Saints), a parish, in the union, and partly in the hundred, of Kingsclere, but chiefly in the hundred of Eying a r, Kingsclere and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, Q miles (S.) from Newbury ; containing, with Earlstone tything, 845 inhabitants. This parish abounds with limestone of superior quality, which is wrought to a considerable extent : the surface is diversified with hills, on the highest of which was formerly a beacon, and there are still some traces of a camp. A court of petty-session is held at Whitway, in the parish, on the second Friday in every month. The living is a rectory, with Newtown annexed, valued in the king’s books at £30, and in the patronage of the Earl of Carnarvon : the tithes have been commuted for £1073 5 and the glebe comprises 118j acres. The old church is disused, and a new one has been erected in the centre of the parish, at an ex- pense of £2700 5 it is a handsome cruciform structure, in the later English style, with a square embattled tower, and was consecrated on the 24th October, 1838. A national school was built in 1838. A school is wholly supported by Mrs. Villebois 5 and there are funds for clothing, and fuel for the poor, to which the Earl and Countess of Carnarvon, Lady Percy, and others, liberally contribute. 423 BURGHFIELD (St. Mary), r parish, in the union of Bradfield, hundred ol Theale, county of Berks, 5 miles (S. W.) from Readings containing 1115 inhabit- ants. It is bounded on the north by the navigable river Kennet, and comprises 3478a. 1?-. Wp. Coal was supposed to form part of the substratum, and in an un- successful attempt some years since to explore it, a bed of cockle-shells, firmly concreted with sand, was dis- covered about 12 feet beneath the surface. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14. I9. 2.;5 net income, £810 5 patron, Earl of Shrewsbury. The church, a very ancient structure, was rebuilt in 1843, at a cost of £2500, and is now a handsome edifice of cru- ciform design, in the Anglo-Norman style 3 the interior, which comprises 608 sittings, including 402 free, is em- bellished with a finely-painted window in the chancel, representing the Virgin Mary, and contains a pulpit and reading-desk of stone, each of appropriate character. There are places of worship for Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists ; and a school is supported by subscription. BURGHILL (St. Mary), a parish, in the hundred of Grimsworth, union and county of Hereford, 4 miles (n. W. by N.) from Hereford ,* containing, with the township of Tillington, 863 inhabitants. The parish comprises by admeasurement 3674 acres, of which 1800 are arable and garden-ground, 1400 meadow and pas- ture, and nearly 400 woodland : the surface is undu- lated, and the soil consists of clay, loam, and gravel. It is intersected by the road from Hereford to Weobley and Pembridge. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 18. 2. ; net income:,. £94 3 patron, B. Biddulph, Esq., to whom, with others,, the impropriation belongs : the glebe consists of 27 acres, exclusive of augmentation lands. The church, which contains 350 sittings, was thoroughly restored about twenty years ago, at a cost of £2000 ; among the antiquities in the interior are a curious font of metal, a rood-loft, and the altar-tomb of Sir John Milbourne and his lady. There is a barrow adjoining the churchyard. A school is supported by an endowment of £9. 9., and by contributions. BURGHSTED, county of Essex. — See Burstead. BURHAM (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Malling, hundred of Larkfield, Upper South division of the lathe of Aylesford, and W. division of Kent, If mile (N. N. W.) from Aylesford 3 containing 380 in- -habitants. It is bounded on the west by the river Med^ way, and on the east by a range of chalk hills, near which are the Burham Downs, which intersect the parish 3 about 20 acres are planted with hops. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8 3 net income, £191; patrons and impropriators, -Edw. Kingsley, Esq., and others. The church is situ- ated near the river. A spring, called Holy Garden, an- ciently attracted numerous pilgrims by the supposed miraculous efficacy of its waters. BURIAN, ST., a parish, in the union of Penzance, W. division of the hundred of Pen with and of the county of Cornwall, 6 miles (S. W. by W.) from Pen- zance 3 containing I9II inhabitants. This place, which is of very great antiquity, derives its name from a col- legiate church founded by King Athelstan, in honour of St. Buriena, or Baeriena, who had an oratory and was interred here. Athelstan bestowed on this church the privilege of sanctuary, and other immunities 3 the col- BURL BURL lege was in existence at the Conquest, and the establish- ment consisted of a dean and three prebendaries till the Reformation, when the lands, with which it was en- dowed, w^ere seized to the king, and there was no longer any support for the prebendaries 5 but the rectories of Burian, St. Levan, and Sennan, remained to the dean, forming his sole estate. In 1663, Seth Ward, Bishop of Exeter, possessed this deanery in commendam, and it was so held by his successors till the year I709 : the dean is independent of all bishops, and has no superior but the king. Of the ancient collegiate buildings the church only remains. The parish comprises by mea- surement 6^274 acres : the soil is of light quality, rest- ing on a substratum of granite 5 the surface is pleasingly undulated, and the scener)^ in many parts picturesque. The village is neatly built, containing many good houses, and there are several small hamlets scattered over the parish. The living is a rectory, with those of St. Levan and Sennan united, and a royal peculiar, valued in the king’s books at £48. 12. 1., and in the patronage of the Crown : the consolidated tithes have been commuted for £1050. The church, which is situated on an emi- nence nearly 400 yards above the level of the sea, is a spacious structure, with a lofty tower 88 feet high, forming a conspicuous landmark to mariners ; it was repaired in 1812, when a handsome carved screen and other relics of antiquity were removed. Near the south porch is an ancient cross, and there is another close to the churchyard. A national school is supported by subscription. On the estate of Boslevan are some ves- tiges of a chapel, called the Sanctuary. At Boscawen, Rosemoddrep, Chyangwanga, and other places in the parish, are Drnidical remains. BURITON {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Petersfield, hundred of Finch-Dean, Petersfield and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 9,^ miles (S. by W.) from Petersfield 3 containing, with the tyth- ings of Nursted and Weston, 993 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from London to Portsmouth, and comprises by measurement 6151 acres, of which 2305 are arable, 1594 meadow and pasture, 7B6 woodland, and 1405 uninclosed common. The manufacture of parchment is carried on to a small extent. The living is a rectory, with Petersfield annexed, valued in the king’s books at £32. 16. 10|. ; net income, £1194 ; pa- tton. Bishop of Winchester. The tithes of Buriton have been commuted for £1084. 7., and there is a glebe of 62 acres. The church is an ancient structure, in the Nor- man style, with a square tower, which was rebuilt, after having been destroyed by fire about the year 1721 ; the interior is neatly arranged, and has been repaired and beautified : it contains a monument to the Rev. William Lowth, rector of the parish, and father of Bishop Lowth, Schools are supported by charity. Gibbon, the Roman historian, spent his early years on his patrimonial estate in the parish. BURLAND, a township, in the parish of Acton, union and hundred of Nantwich, S. division of the county of Chester, 2 ^ miles (W.) from Nantwich 3 containing 639 inhabitants. The Whitchurch branch of the Chester canal crosses the township. The impro- priate tithes have been commuted for £58. 10., and the vicarial for £35. 13. 5. BURLATON, a chapelry, in the parish of Sheriff- Hales, union of Shiffnall, W. division of the hundred 424 of CuTTLESTONE, S. division of the county of Stafford, 3^ miles (N. N. E.) from Shiffnall. BURLESCOMBE (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Wellington, partly in the hundred of Bamp- TON, but chiefly in that of Halberton, Cullompton and N. divisions of Devon, 5 miles (S. W. by W.) from Wel- lington 3 containing 958 inhabitants. This parish com- prises 3768a. 1 6p. of land, of which about 200 acres are wood, and the rest arable and pasture, in nearly equal portions : the soil is various, and in general of inferior quality ; the Exeter and Bristol railway, and the small river Lyner, run through the district. The road from Wellington to Exeter passes for four miles through the parish, which it enters near the Red Ball Inn, on Maiden Down : skirting Uffculm Down, it follows the track of the Roman portway from the city Uxella (Taunton), in its progress to Isca Danmoniorum (Exeter). Maiden Down was inclosed in 1803, and Lyner Moor in 1810. There are considerable mountains of primitive limestone, of which great quantities are burnt, and sent away by the Grand Western canal, of which the summit level in* tersects the parish. Small pieces of pure silver have been found 3 manganese is supposed to abound, and there are indications of the existence of coal. The wool- len manufacture was formerly carried on, but the only trade at present is the making of chairs. The LIVING is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £11. 15. 10. 3 patron and impropriator, E. Ashford Sandford, Esq. The great tithes have been commuted for £235, and the small for £330, and a surd of £12 per annum is paid to the vicar of Halberton 3 the vicar’s glebe consists of 3:J acres. The demesnes of the ancient abbey of Canonsleigh, comprising more than 800 acres, are tithe-free. The church is a venerable structure, in the later style of English architecture, with a tower of four stages, embattled and crowned with a turret 3 it consists of a nave, chancel, and north and south aisles. The stone steps to the ancient rood-loft, and the screen separating the chancel from the nave, are still remaining 3 the latter is richly ornamented with crockets, finials, and roses. Within the rails of the communion is an altar-tomb, with monks bearing shields under enriched canopies, which was erected by Nicholas Ayshford, Esq., in 1500 3 and in the north aisle are four more ancient monuments to the Avshford family, who had a chantry chapel at the east end of this aisle. Attached to the villa of Ayshford is a chapel, for which an endowment’ has been charged upon the estate. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A priory for Augustine canons was founded at Leigh, thence called Canonsleigh, in the parish, in the reign of Henry II., by William de Claville : it was originally dedicated to the Virgin Mary and St. John the Evan- gelist 3 and there is now, at Exeter, a deed dated prior to 1247, to which is appended the seal of the convent, representing the Virgin Mary and St. John. In 1284, the establishment was surrendered to Maud, Countess of Gloucester and Hereford, who converted it into a nunnery, and re-dedicated it to St. Etheldreda, from which circumstance it is in some ancient records called Mynchynleye and in 1286 the abbess obtained the grant of a weekl)^ market. It continued to flourish till the Dissolution, when its revenues were estimated at £202. 15. 3.: the remains consist principally of the porter’s lodge, which is entire, and the ancient gateway^ BURL BURL in which is a fine Norman arch. Attached to the priory were the chapels of St. Thomas and All Saints : at Westleigh was a chapel dedicated to the Holy Trinity, now converted into two cottages 3 there was also a church in honour of St. Theobald, long since razed to the ground 3 and the remains of an ancient chapel are discernible on the farm of Fenacre, near the site of the abbey. The water of a spring at Ayshford possesses properties similar to the sulphureous waters of Harro- gate, in the county of York. BURLESTON, a parish, in the union of Dorches- ter, hundred of Piddletown, Dorchester division of Dorset, 6 miles (E. N. E.) from Dorchester 3 containing 65 inhabitants. It comprises by admeasurement 364 acres, and is situated on the river Piddle, which skirts the southern side of the village. The living is a rectory, united to that of Admiston, and valued in the king’s books at £3. 17* 1. There is a national school. BURLEY {Holy Cross), a parish, in the union of Oakham, hundred of Alstoe, county of Rutland, 2 miles (N. E. by N.) from Oakham 3 containing 25^ in- habitants. The manor came, by purchase, into the pos- session of Villiers, the first Duke of Buckingham, who greatly enlarged and embellished the mansion, in which he successively entertained James I. and Charles I., with their respective courts. This stately edifice, on the breaking out of the civil war, was garrisoned by a small body of parliamentarian troops, who, unable to sustain an attack of the royalists, set fire to the house, which was burnt to the ground 3 the site is now occu- pied by an elegant modern mansion. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10. 13. l|. 3 net income, £350 3 patron and impropriator, G. Finch, Esq. A school on the national system is principally supported by Mr. Finch. BURLEY, a tything, in the parish and union of Ringwood, N. division of the hundred of New Forest, Ringwood and S. divisions of the county of Southamp- ton, 5 miles (E.) from Ringwood 3 containing, with the ville of Bistern-Closes, and the extra-parochial place of Burley-Lodge, &c., 571 inhabitants. A species of con- crete stone, called Burley rock, is found in great abun- dance, and is quarried for the foundations of houses. A church, dedicated to St. John, has been built at an expense of £2400, including £1000 for the endowment 3 patron. Bishop of Winchester. There is a place of worship for Independents. A school has an endowment of £3 per annum, and a national school-house has been built. BURLEY, with Headingley, a chapelry, in the parish of St. Peter, liberty of the borough of Leeds, locally in the wapentake of Skyrack, W. riding of York, 2 miles (W. by N.) from Leeds 3 containing 4768 inhabitants. The hamlet of Burley consists of various detached houses and pleasing villas 3 the population is chiefly employed in the manufacture of woollen-cloths and stuiFs. On some rising ground, between this place and Headingley, are the Leeds Zoological and Botanical gardens. The air is salubrious, and the environs abound with richly diversified scenery. J BURLEY, a chapelry, in the parish of Otley, Upper division of the wapentake of Skyrack, W. riding of York, 2§ miles (W. by N.) from Otley 3 containing 1736 inhabitants. This chapelry comprises 3190 acres, of which about one-half is uninclosed and uncultivated 3 VoL. I. — 425 the surface is boldly varied by hill and dale, and the scenery is in many parts highly picturesque, and beau- tifully diversified with wood and water. Greenholme, the seat of Jonas Whitaker, Esq., is a handsome man- sion. The village is situated in the vale of the Wharfe (the river flowing on the east), under the lofty acclivity of Rombald’s moor : the inhabitants are chiefiy em- ployed in the cotton manufacture, for which there are two extensive mills : the worsted manufacture is also carried on upon a limited scale, and there are a scrib- bling-mill and a corn-mill. The chapel, a small struc- ture, erected about the year 1630 , being inadequate to the wants of the increasing population, was rebuilt in 1842, upon a larger scale, at a cost of about £1700, raised by subscription, aided by grants from the Incor- porated and Ripon Diocesan Societies : it is in the early English style, with a handsome spire, and lighted on the north and south sides by twelve lancet windows of ground glass, and on the east by a beautifully painted window, very finely designed. The living is a per- petual curacy 3 . net income, £80. There are places of worship for Independents and Wesleyans. A school is supported by annual donations from Messrs. Greenwood and Whitaker 5 and a spacious schoolroom, in con- nexion with the Church, was erected, in 1838, for 400 children, at an expense of £400, by subscription, aided by a grant of £100 from the National Society. Wil- liam Vavasour, in 1642, left three acres of land 3 and there are also some other bequests for the poor, BURLEY-DAM, a chapelry, in the parish of Acton, union and hundred of Nantwich, S. division of the county of Chester, 3^ miles (W. by S.) from Audlem. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £1005 patron. Viscount Combermere. BURLEY-LODGE, an extra-parochial liberty, in the union of Ringwood, N. division of the hundred of New Forest, Ringwood and S. divisions of the county of Southampton 3 containing 21 inhabitants. BURLINGHAM (St, Andrew), a parish, in the union and hundred of Blofield, E. division of Nor- folk, 2 miles (W. by S.) from Acle 3 containing 214 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Norwich to Yarmouth, and comprises by measurement 743 acres, of which 528 are arable, and 214 pasture and plantation. The living is a discharged rectory, with that of Bur- lingham-St. Edmund annexed, valued in the king’s books at £ 12 , and in the patronage of Mrs. C. Burroughes : the tithes have been commuted for £296. 15., and there is a good glebe-house, with about 3 1 acres of land. The church has a square embattled tower, and in it are the remains of a carved screen, with representations of the Apostles. A school is supported by subscrip- tion. BURLINGHAM (St, Edmund), a parish, in the union and hundred of Blofield, E. division of Nor- folk, 3 miles (S. W.) from Acle 3 containing 98 inha- bitants. It comprises about 645 acres, of which 623 are arable, and 22 wood and pasture. The living is a discharged rectory, annexed to that of Burlingham-St. Andrew, and valued in the king’s books at £12 : the tithes have been commuted for £ 207 * 11 ^ glebe consists of about 1 1 acres. The church, which is chiefly in the early English style, has a square embattled tower 3 the nave is separated from the chancel by the remains of a beautiful carved screen, which, as well as the pulpit, 3 I BURN BURN is highly gilt 3 the southern entrance is through a deco- rated Norman doorway^ and there is another on the north, now stopped up. The rector supports a small school. BURl^INGHAM {St. Peter), a parish, in the union and hundred of Blofield, E. division of Norfolk, 2 miles (W. by S.) from Acle 3 containing 91 inhabitants. It is situated on the great road leading from Norwich to Yarmouth, and comprises 399 acres, of which 275 are arable, and 124 pasture and plantation. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5, and in the gift of H. N. Burroughes, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £148. 13., with a glebe of 10 acres 5 besides which a rent-charge of £3. 12. is paid from this parish to the incumbent of Eishley. The church is chiefly in the decorated style, and has a cir- cular tower, the upper part of which is octagonal : there are neat monuments to members of the Burroughes family, who reside at the Hall, a handsome building, situated in a tastefully laid out park. BURLINGTON, York. — See Bridlington. BURMARSH (All Saints), a parish, in the union and liberty of Romney-Marsh, though locally in the hundred of Worth, lathe of Shepway, E. division of Kent, 4^ miles (W. S. W.) from Hythe 3 containing 130 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 20 . 10 . 10 ., and in the patronage of the Crown 3 net income, £ 220 . The church is a neat edifice of stone, with a square embattled tower. BURMINGTON {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Shipston-upon-Stour, Brails division of the hundred of Kington, S. division of the county of Warwick, 1 ^ mile (S.) from Shipston 3 containing 188 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the borders of Gloucestershire and a detached portion of the county of Worcester, and is intersected by the road from Birming- ham to Oxford 3 it comprises by measurement 7d4 acres, and the river Stour flows along its western boundary. The living is a rectory 3 net income, £197; patrons, Warden and Fellows of Merton College, Oxford. The church, having fallen into ruins, was rebuilt on a smaller scale, in 1693. A school is supported by subscription, and the poor have the interest of a small sum left by J. Court, Esq. BURN, a township, in the parish of Brayton, union of Selby, Lower division of the wapentake of Bark- stone-Ash, W. riding of York, 2|- miles (S. by W.) from Selby 3 containing 281 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 2370 acres : the new line of road from Doncaster to Selby passes through the village, near which is the Selby canal. The Hon. E. Petre is impro- priator. An endowment of £7 per annum, for instruc- tion, was given by George Ellis, in I 7 IL Edward Goodwin, in 1743. BURNAGE, a township, in the parish of Manches- ter, union of Chorlton, hundred of Salford, S. divi- sion of the county of Lancaster, 5 miles (S. S. E.) from Manchester 3 containing 489 inhabitants, and comprising by measurement 6 10 acres. BURN ASTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Etwall, union of Burton-upon-Trent, hundred of Appletree, S. division of the county of Derby, 5^ miles (S. W. by W.) from Derby 3 containing 143 inhabitants. BURNBY {St. Giles), a parish, in the union of PocKLiNGTON, Wilton-Bcacon division of the wapentake 426 of Harthill, E. riding of York, 2f miles (S. E. byE.) from Pocklington 3 containing 1 1 0 inhabitants. The parish comprises I 7 OO acres, of which equal portions are arable and meadow, and about 300 acres wold land, with a small quantity of wood : the soil is generally a rich clay, the surface undulated, and the scenery in many situations very picturesque. The living is a dis- charged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 1 5 . 3 net income, £3183 patron, Duke of Devonshire. The church is a small ancient fabric, with a Norman bell- gable and door at the west end. BURNESTDE, a chapelry, in the parish, union, and ward, of Kendal, county of Westmorland, 3 miles (N. by W.) from Kendal ; comprising the townships of Strickland-Ketle and Strickland-Roger, and containing 878 inhabitants. This place is pleasantly situated on the river Kent, which flows through the village, separat- ing it into two parts, connected by a bridge 3 and the chapelry comprises 5399«. 3r. ISp., of which 3133 acres are arable, 600 meadow and pasture, 65 woodland and plantations, and the remainder common and waste. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £109 ; patrons, the Landowners 3 impropriators. Warden and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge. The chapel was rebuilt, in 1826, at an expense of £1300, of which £900 were raised by subscription, and the remainder by a rate. The school was enlarged, pursuant to the will of Mr. Alan Fisher, dated Oct. 28th, 1781 , whereby he endowed it with £6003 this was augmented with a gift of £100 by the will of Mr. Joseph Harling, in 1802 3 and the sums, having been invested in the funds, produce an income of about £40. BURNESTON {St. Lambert), a parish, in the union of Bedale, wapentake of Hallikeld, N. riding of York 3 containing 1494 inhabitants, of whom 351 are in the township of Burneston, 4 miles (S. E. byE.) from Bedale. The parish, which is situated between the river Swale and the Ure, in the rich and fruitful vale of Mow- bray, comprises the five townships of Burneston, Car- thorp, Gatenby, Theakstone, and Exelby with Leeming and Newton 3 the whole forming an area of 7351a.2r.37/>., of which there are in Burneston township 726 acres of arable, and 400 of meadow and pasture. The soil for the most part is of good quality, and favourable for the growth of wheat, barley, and turnips 3 and the surface is level, having itself no picturesque beauty; but com- manding a view of the Wensleydale and Masham hills on the west, and of the Hambleton hills on the east. The township belongs principally to Lord Rokeby and J. V. Dent, Esq., the latter of whom is lord of the manor. The magistrates acting for the district hold their sittings at the York-Gate inn, in Leeming-Lane. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £37. 6. 8., and in the patronage of the Duke of Cleveland, to whom, and W. R. L. Sergeantson and E. J. Carter, Esqrs., the impropriation belongs : the great tithes have been com- muted for £772. 2 . 6 ., and the vicarial for £ 600 , and there are 3 | acres of glebe. The first church was built in the time, and partly by the bounty, of Ribald and Hugh Fitzhugh 3 but the rude structure of the Norman founders gave place, probably about the close of Edward III.’s reign, to the present fine and spacious structure, of which the choir is both tasteful and beautiful. The ancient chapel of ease at Leeming has been lately re^- built. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BURN BURN Matthew Robinson, by deed dated in 1688 , assigned a rent-charge of £43. 5., for the endowment of a school, and of an almshouse, which he had previously erected ; other benefactions have been added, and the present income is about £67. Sunday schools for boys and girls are chiefly supported by the vicar 5 and an annual sum of about ^^ 0 , arising from land, is distributed among the poor. BURNETT (St. Michael), a parish, in the union and hundred of Keynsham, E. division of Somerset, 2 miles (S. by E.) from Keynsham 5 comprising 607 acres by measurement. The village is situated on the river Chew, and was formerly part of the manor of Keynsham, which, with the advowson, was purchased by John Whitson, Esq., alderman, who assigned it in trust to feoffees, for the endowment of the Red Maids’ school,” at Bristol. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 10 . 7 ^-, and in the gift of the Feoffees : the tithes have been commuted for £85. 8 ., and the glebe comprises acres. The church is a neat edifice. BURNHAM (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Eton, hundred of Burnham, county of Buckingham, miles (N. W. by N.) from Eton ; containing 2284 in- habitants, and comprising the liberties of Upper Boveney, Britwell, East Burnham, Cippenham, and Town with Wood, and the chapelry of Lower Boveney. This place, which gives name to the hundred, is of very remote an- tiquity, and appears to have been the residence of the kings of Mercia during the heptarchy, and also of their successors of the Norman line after the Conquest, who had a palace near Cippenham, from which is dated the charter granted to Richard, Earl of Cornwall, who, in 1165, founded an abbey here for nuns of the order of St. Augustine, the revenue of which, at the Dissolution, amounted to £91. 5. 11 . The parish is bounded on the west by the river Thames : the substratum is chiefly clay, in some parts overlaid with beds of diluvial gravel. The village is pleasantly situated on rising ground, about two miles east of the river, and near it has been opened a brick-field, from which were obtained the bricks for the erection of the bridge carried over the Thames, near Maidenhead, as a viaduct for the Great Western railway. There are some extensive market-gardens, and a consi- derable part of the female population is employed in making lace by hand. A court leet for the manor is held every third year 5 and a statute fair on October 2 nd. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £16. 13. 4., and in the patronage of Eton College j impropriators. Sir C. H. Palmer, Bart., and others. The church is a handsome structure. There is a place of worship for Independents ; and a school, in union with the National Society, is situated a quarter of a mile from the village. The only remains of the abbey are some ruinous walls, converted into a barn 3 part of the abbot’s dwelling-house 5 and the fish-pond, now at- tached to the vicarage garden. There are also the re- mains of an ancient encampment in the woodland, called Burnham Beeches. Robert Aldrich, Bishop of Carlisle in the reign of Henry YHI., was a native of the place. BURNHAM (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Maedon, hundred of Dengie, S. division of Essex, 12 miles (S. E.) from Maldon 3 containing 1735 inha- bitants. This place takes its name from a small stream running near the church, and comprises 4277ct. 3r. I 6 p. : 427 the village is situated on the northern bank of the river Crouch, near its estuary, and has a commodious quay, up to which vessels of 250 tons’ burthen can come 3 and there are vessels of 1000 tons’ aggregate burthen belong- ing to it, employing 100 seamen. The oyster-beds, both in the river and on the coast, are extremely productive. The fishery is held under lease from Lady St. John Mildmay by the Burnham Company, and, in addition to the home consumption, a considerable quantity of oysters are exported to Holland and Belgium : about 300 persons are engaged in the fisher 3 ^ The living is a vicarage, endowed with a portion of the rectorial tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £22. 13. 4., with a net income of £558 : it is in the patronage of Lady St. John Mildmay, to whom also the impropriation belongs. The church, built in 1525, stands about a mile from the village, on an elevated site 3 its altar-piece is embellished with a good painting of the Lord’s Supper 3 and the pulpit and font are elaborately carved. Divine service is also performed in a national schoolroom, by license of the Bishop. There is a place of worship for Baptists 3 and the national school is endowed with about £80 per annum. Several Roman coins, fragments of ancient masonry, and urns containing burnt ashes, have been found on a farm at the edge of the marsh. Burnham formerly conferred the inferior title of Baron on the Fitzwalter family. BURNHAM, a hamlet, in the parish of Thornton- CuRTis, union of Glandford-Brigg, N. division of the wapentake of Yarborough, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln 3 containing 75 inhabitants. BURNHAM, a hamlet, in the parish of Haxey, union of Gainsborough, W. division of the wapentake of Manley, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln 3 con- taining 160 inhabitants. BURNHAM (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Axbridge, hundred of Bempstone, E. division of Somerset, 9i miles (W. S. W.) from Axbridge 3 con- taining, with the hamlets of Edithmead andHighbridge, and part of the tything of Aston-Morris, 1469 inhabit- ants. It lies on the coast of the Bristol Channel, and the fine sandy beach has induced many respectable families to reside here during the summer. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 16 . 11 . 10 |. 5 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Wells. The^great tithes have been commuted for £ 190 , and the vicarial for £635 3 the glebe comprises 2 acres, to which is attached a glebe-house. The church, dedicated in 1316 , is a spacious edifice, with a lofty tower, and has been lately enlarged by the addition of 471 sittings 3 it contains a fine altar-piece, of white marble, in the Gre- cian style, designed by Inigo Jones for the chapel of the intended palace of Charles II. at Whitehall, and afterwards placed in Westminster Abbey, by the dean and chapter of which it was presented to Dr. King, Bishop of Rochester, for many years incumbent of this parish, who erected it in the church at his own expense. There is a school on the national plan. BURNHAM-DEEPDALE (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Docking, hundred of Brothercross, W. division of Norfolk, 2^ miles (N. W.) from Burnham- Westgate 3 containing 109 inhabitants. The parish com- prises by measurement 1038 acres, of which 630 are arable, 55 woodland and plantations, and the remainder marsh, for draining which last an act was obtained in 3 12 BURS B rmerly some earthworks, inclosing a space of about ur acres, and various remains have been dug up. BURSTEAD, LITTLE (St. Marv), a parish, in the lion of Billericay, hundred of Barstable, S. divi- □n of Essex, 2 miles (S. by W.) from Billericay 5 con- ining I70 inhabitants. This parish, at the time of the orman survey, belonged to the Bishop of London, and e chief manor, with the advowson of the rectory, is ill the property of his successors. It comprises by easurement 1829 acres. The living is a rectory, valued the king’s books at £12 : the tithes have been com- uted for £350, and the glebe comprises 26 acres. The Lurch is a small neat edifice. A national school has :en established. BURSTOCK {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union Beaminster, hundred of Whitchurch-Canonico- [JM, Bridport division of Dorset, miles (W. N. W.) om Beaminster 3 containing 307 inhabitants. The dng is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books , £5. 19- 4^., and in the patronage of John Bragge, sq. : the tithes have been commuted for £170, and the ebe consists of about an acre and a half. BURSTON {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of epwade, hundred of Diss, E. division of Norfolk, f- miles (N. E. by N.) from Diss-5 containing 46S inha- lants, and comprising 1449«. 13p. The living is a ctory, valued in the king’s books at £16, and in the itronage of the Crown : the tithes have been com- lUted for £470, and the glebe comprises 76 acres, with parsonage- house erected in 1840, by the Rev. T. Frere. tie church is a handsome edifice, in the decorated nglish style, with an embattled tower. A school is liefly supported by the rector. BURSTON, a small hamlet, in the parish of Stone, division of the hundred of Pirehill, county of Staf- iRD, 3 miles (S. E.) from Stone. One of the sons of rulphere, king of Mercia, is said to have suffered lartyrdom here. BURSTOW {St. Bartholomew), a parish, in the nion, and Second division of the hundred, of Reigate, 1 . division of Surrey, 8 miles (S. E. by S.) from Rei- ate 5 containing 863 inhabitants. The living is a rec- )ry, valued in the king’s books at £15. 13. 4., and in le patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been ammuted for £600, and there is a glebe of 43 acres, he church is chiefly in the early style, with a wooden )wer and spire. The Independents have a place of orship at Outwoods 3 and a school is supported by ibscription. Sir Edward Byshe, Garter King at Arms id Clarencieux in the time of Cromwell and at the .estoration, was born at Smallfield Place 3 and the Rev. ohn Flamsteed, astronomer-royal, was rector of Bur- tow, and was buried here in 1719. BURSTWICK ( All Saints), a parish, in the union f Patrington, S. division of the wapentake of Hol- ERNESS, E. riding of York 3 containing 726 inhabit- nts, of whom 440 are in the township of Burstwick, King of Scotland, was c order of Edward I. Th( petual curacy of Skecklii in 1773, for land and a principally in the later ! with an embattled to we place of worship for Prin BURTHOLME, a to\ cost-Abbey, union of 1 division of Cumberlan Brampton 3 containing 3 ship are situated the ruir by Robert de Vallibus, Ic 1169: it suffered much years, and never seems condition : it was burnt England, previous to tl At the Dissolution a pri( dent here, the revenue Lanercost- Abbey. BURTHORPE.— See BURTON, a townsl union of Great Bougi hundred of Eddisbury, Chester, 3f miles (W taining 79 inhabitants. ' for £72. 5., of which £49 and Chapter of Lichfield the parish. BURTON {St. Nic market-town,) in the un hundred, of Wirrall, Chester 3 containing, ^ and Puddington, 428 inb the township of Burtor Great Neston. The pa Dee. The manor for r the Bishops of Lichfield Alexander de Savensby, to the hospital of Den\ all its revenues, Henry ^ to the hospital of St. .i which establishment tl Denwall is a colliery, op( still in operation : the r and three-quarters undei chiefly to Ireland. Th< excellent freestone 3 an with Chester and Liver The market, granted in fair for three days on f been discontinued. Th( net income, £54 3 patron church, with the excepti< 1721. There is a Rome ton. The free school w£ son. the pious and benevt B U li N BURN BURNHAM-SUTTON (St. Albert), a parish, in he union of Docking, hundred of Brothercross, W. livision of Norfolk, adjoining Burnham-Westgate. The joint parishes of Burnham Ulph and Sutton con- ain 355 inhabitants, and comprise 1452a. 3r. 28p., of ;vhich about 1402 acres are arable, 54 pasture and neadow, and 2372 woodland. The living of Sutton is a 'ectory, to which are annexed the medieties of the rec- tories of Norton and Ulph, with Overy, valued jointly n the king s books, exclusively of Overy, at £17. 10., md in the patronage of the Crown. The tithes of Ulph md Sutton have been commuted for £380 ,• the glebe comprises 14 acres, and the rector is entitled to a sum 3 f £38. 5. from the parish of Burnham-Market : the incumbent of Burnham -Thorpe has four acres of glebe here. The church is in ruins. There is a place of wor- ship for Wesleyans. BURNHAM -THORPE (St, Peter), a parish, in the union of Docking, hundred of Brothercross, W. division of Norfolk, l| mile (E. by S.) from Burnham- Westgate 3 containing 396 inhabitants. This place an- ciently belonged to the Calthorp family, of whom Sir William de Calthorp, in the 55th of Henry III., obtained a grant of a market to be held on Saturday, and a fair on the eve, day, and morrow of St. Peter ad Vincula, both of which have been long discontinued. The parish comprises 2328a. Ir. 23p. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £1 9. 10., and in the gift of the Earl of Orford: the tithes have been commuted for £697, and the glebe comprises 30 acres, to which is attached a commodious and handsome house, erected by the Rev. D. Everard. A rent-charge of £8. 15. per annum is paid to the rector of Sutton and Ulph. The church is chiefly in the decorated and later English styles, with a square embattled tower j • in the chancel is a fine monu- ment of brass to Sir William de Calthorp, also a monu- ment to the Rev. Edmund Nelson, father of Lord Nelson, the renowmed naval commander, who was born here, on the 29th of Sept., 1758, during the incumbency of his father. There is a national school. BURNHAM-ULPH (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Docking, hundred of Brothercross, W. di- vision of Norfolk, adjoining Burnham-Westgate, and containing, with Burnham-Sutton, 355 inhabitants. The living, consolidated with that of Burnham-Norton, is a rectory, divided into medieties, partly annexed, with Overy, to Sutton, and partly to Westgate. The church is now as a chapel to Westgate. . BURNISTON, a township, in the parish of Scalby, union of Scarborough, Pickering lythe, N. riding of York, 3j miles (N. W.) from Scarborough 3 containing 349 inhabitants. It is situated on the eastern coast, and comprises by computation I900 acres : the village is on the road from Scarborough to Whitby. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BURNLEY, a market-town and chapelry, and the head of a union, in the parish of Whalley, Higher division of the hundred of Blackburn, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 25 miles (N.) from Man- chester, 53 (E. N. E.) from Liverpool, and 210 (N. N. W.) from London 3 containing 10,699 inhabitants. This place, anciently Brunley, derives its name from the river Burn, on which it is situated, near the confluence of that stream with the river Calder3 and, from the numerous coins, fragments of pottery, and urns con- 429 taining ashes and burnt bones, that have been found in the neighbourhood, is supposed to have been a Roman station. Several Saxon remains have also been discovered 3 and at a short distance to the east of the town is a place called Saxifield, said to have been the scene of a battle in the year 597. About the same period Paulinus is stated to have visited Burnley, on a mission for converting the natives to Christianity 3 and the remains of an ancient cross, erected to commemo- rate his preaching, still exist. The town is pleasantly situated on a tongue of land formed by the Burn and Calder 3 the greater part is of very recent erection, and the houses are neatly built of freestone found in the neighbourhood. The streets are well paved, and lighted with gas, under an act obtained in 1819, for the im- provement of the town 3 and the inhabitants are abun- dantly supplied with water. The barracks, standing in the adjoining township of Habergham-Eaves, were erected, in 1819, at an expense of £5500, of which sum £2500 were subscribed by the inhabitants. The trade was formerly confined to the manufacture of woollen- cloth and worsted goods 3 but that of cotton has been introduced, for the spinning, weaving, and printing of which large establishments have been erected. Coal, flag-stone, and slate, are found in abundance within a short distance. The Leeds and Liverpool canal, which winds nearly round the town, has contributed greatly to the promotion of its trade. The, market, granted in the 22nd of Edward I. to Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lin- coln, is on Monday and Saturday, the former being the principal 3 and on every alternate Monday is a market for cattle, established in January, 1819. Fairs are held on March 6th, Easter-eve, May 9th and 13th, July 10th, and Oct. 1 1th, for horses, cloth, and pedlery. Petty- sessions for the division are held here, and an act for the recovery of small debts w^as passed in 1841. The LIVING is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £770 3 patron, R. Towneley Parker, Esq. 3 impropriator, Earl Howe. The chapel, dedicated to St. Peter, was erected soon after the Conquest, but having been rebuilt, and enlarged at different times, combines various styles of architecture : it is a spacious structure, and contains several monuments of the Towneley family, among which is one to the memory of Charles Towneley, Esq., a cele- brated patron of the fine arts, whose collection of mar- bles was purchased by the British Museum for £20,000. There are places of worship for Baptists, Independents, Wesleyans, and Roman Catholics. The free grammar school was founded in the reign of Edward YL, and en- dowed, in 157s, by Sir Robert Ingham 3 the endowment has been considerably augmented by benefactions, and now produces about £130 per annum : the school has an interest in thirteen scholarships, founded in Brasenose College, Oxford, by Dr. Nowell, Dean of St. Paul’s, Lon- don, in 1572. The Rev. W. Whitaker, D.D., the learned master of St. John’s College, Cambridge, received the rudiments of his education in the school. National schools have been established : an institution for the re- lief of poor married women in child-birth w'as com- menced in I8I95 and there is a Strangers’ Friend Society. The interest of £1244. 15. three per cent, consols., given by Mrs. Elizabeth Peel, in 1800, and of £450 by Mrs. Thompson, is expended in clothing. The union of Burnley comprises 26 townships and chapel- ries in the parish, and contains a population of 54,192. BURN BURR BURNOP, with Hamsteels, a township, in the parish and union of Lan Chester, W. division of Ches- TjER ward, N. division of the county of Durham j con- taining 154 inhabitants. Burnop, which probably derives its name from ‘^Brunehop,” the gill or hollow of the Brune or Browney, lies on that river; Hamsteels is situated across the water westward nearer Esh. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £81. T* Id* There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BURNOPFIELD, a hamlet, in the township of Lintz-Green, chapelry of Tanfield, parish of Ches- ter-le-Street, union of Lanchester, Middle division of Chester ward, N. division of the county of Dur- ham, 7 miles (S. W.) from Gateshead. The village stands on an eminence commanding a fine view of the vale of the Derwent, and of Gibside on the eastern bank of the river, and the air is remarkable for its salubrity. Burnopfield House is the property and residence of John Watson, Esq. There is a place of worship for Wes- leyans. Friarside, an old and picturesque ruin, is in the chapelry. BURNSALL (St. Wilfrid), a parish, in the union of Skipton, E. division of the wapentake of Stain- cliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York, miles (N. N. E.) from Skipton ; containing ^726 inhabitants, of whom 284 are in the township of Burnsall with Thorpe-sub-Montem. The parish comprises the town- ships of Appletree-wick, Burnsall with Thorpe-sub- Montem, Cracoe, Hartlington, and Hetton with Board- ley ; and the chapelries of Rilston, and Coniston with Kilnsay ; the whole forming an area, by computation, of 25,950 acres, of which 2680 are in the manors of Burnsall and Thorpe, of which Sir Charles Tempest, Bart, is lord. The soil, in the valley, is rich, but on the high grounds, poor turbary earth, with heath ; the surface is varied, and the scenery, though mountainous, is picturesque and romantic. There are three factories, two for cotton and one for wool, employing' about 120 hands. The village of Burnsall is situated on the river Wharfe, over which is a bridge of three arches, rebuilt ill 1827 ; and that of Thorpe in a deep glen beneath the mountains of Thorpe Fell and Burnsall Fell, and in which is a singular cavern called Knave Knoll Hole, supposed to have been the abode of banditti. The parish, it is probable, anciently formed part of that of Linton, to the rector of which it still pays a modus in lieu of corn-tithes. The living is a rectory in two medieties, valued together in the king’s books at £36 ; net income of the first, £315 ; patron, Rev. J. Graham ; and of the second, £276 ; patron, Earl of Craven. The church is an ancient structure, partly in the Norman, and partly in the English, style, with a square embattled tower : on each side of the entrance of the choir are a pulpit and reading-desk, in which each of the portionists alternately officiates. The grammar school was founded on the 26th of May, 1602, by Sir William Craven, Knt., who endowed it with a rent- charge of £20, to which, on 16th of June, 1624, Dame Elizabeth Craven added a bequest of £200. Sir William improved the church, in 1612, built four bridges, for the repair of which and the highways he left a rent-charge of £8, and was a great benefactor to the parish, of which he was a native and resident. Various beautiful pieces of quartz and other variegated fossils, and spar, are dug from Greenhow hill, which has been a rich lead-mining district. 430 BURNTWOOD, a chapelry, in the^ parish of St. Michael, Lichfield, union of Lichfield, S. division of the hundred of Offlow and of the county of Staf- ford, 2 miles (W. by S.) from Lichfield ; containing, with the townships of Edgehill and Woodhouses, 749 inhabitants. About 100 persons are employed in the manufacture of nails. At a short distance, on the south of the parish, passes the Wyrley and Essington canal. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £78 ; patron. Vicar of St. Mary, Lichfield ; appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Lichfield : the glebe contains about 6 acres. The chapel, which was erected in 1820, con- tains 250 sittings. A school is supported by a gift of Mrs. Elizabeth Ball. At Edial, in the chapelry, the celebrated Dr. Samuel Johnson resided, in 1736. BURPHAM (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Preston (under Gilbert’s act), hundred of Poling, rape of Arundel, W. division of Sussex, 4§ miles (N. E. by E.) from Arundel ; containing 280 inhabit- ants. It is bounded on the west by the river Arun, and comprises by measurement 2723 acres ; the sur- face is hilly, and near the church is a high embankment, supposed to be of Roman origin, commanding a fine view of Arundel Castle and the windings of the river. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 12. 6. ; patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Chichester : the great tithes have been commuted for £295. 10., those belonging to the Pre- bendary of Highley for £27? and the vicarial for £149. 8. The church is principally of Norman architecture, and was originally cruciform, but the south transept has been taken down ; the arch opening into it is orna- mented with zigzag mouldings. A neat school-house was built by subscription, in 1839. On the downs are numerous barrows, several of which have been opened, and found to contain coins, skeletons, and military wea- pons ; and at Peppering, near Arundel, were discovered, in 1820, near the foot of the downs, in a bed of gravelly loam resting upon chalk, about 3 feet from the surface, and 80 above the lev^el of the sea, the bones, a tusk, and some grinders of an elephant. BURRALS, a township, in the parish of Appleby- St. Lawrence, East ward and union, county of West- morland, I5 mile (S. by W.) from Appleby ; contain- ing 97 inhabitants. The township is supposed to have been anciently crossed by the 'borough walls of Appleby, and hence, by contraction, its name ; it contains a great quantity of limestone. BURREL, with Cowling, a township, in the parish of Bedale, union of Leyburn, wapentake of Hang- East, N. riding of York, 1^ mile (S. W. by W.) from Bedale; containing 138 inhabitants. The township comprises 463a. 2r. 3p, : the former place has a small village, and the latter is a hamlet, in which is situated Cowling Hall. BURRINGHAM, EAST, a chapelry, in the parish of Bottesford, union of Glandford-Brigg, E. divi- sion of the wapentake of Manley, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, lOf miles (W. N. W.) from Gland- ford-Brigg ; containing 624 inhabitants. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. Here is a ferry over the Trent to Althorpe. BURRINGTON (Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of South Molton, hundred of North Tawton, South Molton and N. divisions of Devon, 4 miles (N. BURR BURS W. by W.) from Chumleigh 5 containing 1244 inhabit- ants. The parish is situated on the river Taw, by which it is bounded on the north and east, and the road from Exeter to Barnstaple passes near the river, through a richly-wooded district : it comprises by measurement 500 acres 5 and there are quarries of stone, used for re- pairing roads and for rough buildings. A fair is held on Trinity- Monday. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13. 11. 3. 5 patron and incum- bent, Rev. J. Buckingham, LL.B. 5 impropriator, M. Toat, Esq. The great tithes have been commuted for £301. 10., and the vicarial for £260 j the glebe com- prises 70 acres. The church is a very ancient structure, with a tower on the north side. There is a place of worship for Bryanites 3 also two small schools, one having a donation of £7, and the other one of £5, per annum. BURRINGTON {St. George), a parish, in the union of Ludlow, hundred of Wigmore, county of Hereford, 3 miles (E. S. E.) from Leintwardine 3 con- taining 230 inhabitants. This parish, one of the most northerly in the county, being partly bounded on the east and north by Shropshire, is situated on the banks of the river Teme, which is celebrated for its fine trout and graylings, and forms a beautiful feature in the diver- sified and interesting scenery of the district. The num- ber of acres is estimated at 2850 3 the soil is a heavy loam, approaching to] clay 3 the surface is well wooded, and watered by many streams 3 the arable portion is elevated and undulated, and the meadows are flat, and frequently covered with water. The living is a discharged vicarage, endowed with the rectorial tithes, valued in the king's books at £5, and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for £l 60 , and the glebe consists of 44 acres. The church is an ancient structure. A school is endowed by Mrs. Knight. BURRINGTON {Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Axbridge, hundred of Brent with Wring- ton, E. division of Somerset, 12 miles (S. W.) from Bristol 3 containing 531 inhabitants. It is situated in a fertile district, and comprises 2009 «. 2 r. Qp., of which about 309 acres are arable, 662 pasture, and upwards of 1000 uncultivated down : the village is romantically situated on the northern side of the Mendip range of hills. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patron- age of the Inhabitants, subject to the approval of the rector of Wrington : the rector’s tithes have been com- muted for £33, and the glebe comprises I7i acres 3 the perpetual curate’s have been commuted for £147, and his glebe comprises 9j acres. The church contains some fine screen-work. Two schools are supported by the principal inhabitants. An ancient catacomb was discovered, in 1795, containing about 50 skeletons, and is supposed to have been a place of sepulture in early times. BURROUGH,orBuRROW-ON-THE-HiLL {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Melton-Mowbray, hundred of Gartree, N. division of the county of Leicester, 6 miles (S.) from Melton-Mowbray 3 containing 149 in- habitants. This place has been identified by Camden with the Roman station Vernometum, and he also infers, from the meaning of the word, that here was a temple to a heathen deity : the summit of Burrough Hill ex- hibits traces of an encampment, the lines of which in- close an area of eighteen acres, now under cultivation. 431 The parish comprises by measurement 1 500 acres 3 the hilly parts contain red sandstone, which is quarried for building and the repair of roads, and in which nume^ rous fossil shells are found. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 12 , and in the patronage of Mrs. M. Barnaby 3 net income, £433 3 the glebe consists of about 75 acres, to which there is a glebe- house. The church, which is supposed to have been erected about the fourteenth century, contains a very ancient circular font. Cheselden, the surgeon and ana- tomist, was born here. BURROUGH-GREEN {St. Augustine), a parish, in the union of Newmarket, hundred of Radfield, county of Cambridge, 5j miles (S.) from Newmarket 3 containing 452 inhabitants. It comprises by measure- ment 2216 acres, of which 1747 are arable, 266 pasture, and 175 wood 3 the surface is diversified with gentle elevations terminating in a high ridge in the centre of the parish, which commands very extensive views : the soil is in general clayey and wet, except in the vicinity of Newmarket Heath, where it is dry and chalky, and of very inferior quality. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £18. 10 ., and in the patronage of Thomas Redhead, Esq. : the tithes have been com- muted for £527. 14. 10 ., and the glebe comprises 62 acres, to which there is a good glebe-house. Schools are supported by an endowment. Editha, consort of Edward the Confessor, had a palace here. BURROW, a township, in the parish of Tun stall, hundred of Lonsdale, south of the Sands, union and N. division of the county of Lancaster, 2^ miles (S. by E.) from Kirkby-Lonsdale 3 containing 177 iuha- bitants. BURROW-ASH, a hamlet, in the parish of OcK- Brook, union of Shardlow, hundred of Morleston and Litchurch, S. division of the county of Derby, 4|: miles (E. by S.) from Derby. The village is in- debted for its rise and support to the extensive mills erected for spinning and preparing lace-thread. One of the intermediate stations of the Midland- Counties’ rail- way is situated here. BURROW GATE, a division, in the parish and union of Penrith, Leath ward, E. division of Cumberland 3 , containing 71^ inhabitants. BURSCOUGH, a township, in the parish and union of Ormskirk, hundred of West Derby, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 3f miles (N. E. by N.) from Ormskirk 3 containing 2228 inhabitants. A priory of Black canons was founded in the time of Richard I., by Robert Fitz-Henry, Lord of Latham, and dedicated to St. Nicholas : at the Dissolution there were a prior, five brethren, and forty servants, and the revenue was estimated at £129. 1. 10. Previously to that period, it was the burial-place of the noble family of Stanley, and the cemetery, in which stands the mutilated central arch of the church, the only relic of the conventual buildings, has subsequently been used as a place of interment by Roman Catholic families. There is a place of worship for Roman Catholics at^Burscough Hall. A school is endowed with £18. 15. 4. per annum. BURSLEDON, a chapelry, in the parish of Hound, union of South Stoneham, hundred of Bishop’s- Waltham, Southampton and S', divisions of the county of Southampton, 4f miles (E. S. E.) from Southamp- ton 3 containing 548 inhabitants. The chapelry lies at BURS BURS the head of the estuary of the river Hamhle, which is crossed by a bridge on the road from Southampton to Portsmouth. Several large vessels have been built for the navy, the creek being very commodious for that purpose, and the water deep enough for eighty- gun ships. The village is irregularly built, on the bank of the river. The chapel, dedicated to St. Leonard, has recently been enlarged j and a national school was built in 1838. BURSLEM (St, John), a market-town and parish, forming, with Wolstanton, a poor law union, in the hundred of North Pir.ehill, N. division of the county of Stafford, 9.^ miles (N. E.) from Newcastle, 19 (N.) from Stafford, and 151 (N. E.) from London ^ contain- ing, with the lordship of Hulton- Abbey, the hamlet of Sneyd, and the ville of Rushton-Grange, 16,091 inhabit- ants, of whom 12,631 are in the township of Burslem. In Domesday book this place is named Barcardeslim, but in subsequent records Burewardeslyme, signifying, according to the best opinion, a bower or dwelling near the Lyme,” in allusion to the Lyme woodlands which formerly separated Staffordshire from Cheshire. It has long been celebrated as the seat of the earthenware manufacture. Dr. Plot, in his Natural History of Staf- fordshire, published in 16^6, first noticed it as the principal spot for carrying on this important branch of trade ^ but it is supposed, with great probability, to have been entitled to this distinction from the Saxon era, if not from the time of the Roman dominion in Britain. The abundance of coal, which the parish and neighbour- hood yield, was, no doubt, a primary cause of its esta- blishment here, as it still continues to be the main stay and support of it, mines of coal and iron-stone being very extensively worked. The manufactures, however, did not acquire any celebrity, and were wrought altogether from the native clays, till after the commencement of the eighteenth century, when the finer clays of Dorsetshire and Devonshire were introduced. The celebrated Josiah Wedgwood, w^ho was born here, and commenced business about the year 1766, advanced the pottery wares to a higher degree of perfection' and importance ^ and since his time the manufacture of porcelain has been esta- blished, and now occupies at least one-fourth of the industry and capital of the district. The Grand Trunk canal, which passes through the parish, and has a branch to the town, tends greatly to advance its prosperity : the work was commenced near Burslem in July, 1766, and completed in 1?77. The town is for the most part situated on a gentle eminence, and contains several large manufactories of imposing appearance, and some hand- some villas and residences within its immediate vicinity. An act of parliament was obtained in 1835 for regulating the market, establishing a police, and lighting the streets with gas. The town-hall, which stands in the centre of the spacious market-place, was erected by subscription in 1761, and is a handsome building, recently improved, and surmounted by a cupola and balustrade roof. The trustees of the market erected near it, in 1836, at an expense of about £5000, a large covered market for the butchers and other traders, which, standing in the middle of the towm, and being faced with stone, and adorned with an elegant Doric portico, has a very orna- mental appearance. Markets are held on Monday and Saturday, and four fairs annually. A stipendiary ma- gistrate and general system of police for the parlia- 432 mentary borough of Stoke-upon-Trent, in which Burslem is comprised, were introduced by an act passed in 1839. The parish was formerly one of the chapelries within the large parish of Stoke, from which it was separated in 1807, and made a distinct parish, comprising about 3000 acres : the population has of late years prodigiously increased, and the villages of Brownhills, Longport, Sneyd, Hulton-Abbey, and Cobridge, are now nearly united. The living is a rectory not in charge 5 net income, £455 5 patrons, the Representatives of the late William Adams, Esq. The church, dedicated to St. John, is a small brick building, erected in 1717? with an ancient tower of stone. An additional church, in the later English style, dedicated to St. Paul, and capable of holding more than 2000 persons, was erected by the Parliamentary Commissioners, in 1831, at an expense of £10,000, towards which £2000 were contributed by the parishioners and others : it stands near Longport, and has a cemetery of three acres. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £109 j patron. Rector of Burslem. A church, in the later English style, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, has been erected at Cobridge, the cost of which, together with the endowment, has been defrayed by the rector, aided by grants from societies. There are places of worship belonging to Baptists, Indepen- dents, and Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists. A free school was founded by John Bourne, Esq., in 17^8, and endowed with a house and a small farm 3 and a national school, near the parish church, was erected in 1817? at an expense of nearly £2000, and one contiguous to St. Paul’s, in 1835, at a cost exceeding £500. The poor law union of Wolstanton and Burslem is under the care of 16 guardians, eight for Burslem and eight for Wol- stanton, and contains a population of 32,669 : the union workhouse is about two miles from Burslem, and is a very capacious structure. BURSTALL (St. Mary), a parish, in the incorpora- tion and hundred of Samford, E. division of Suffolk, miles (W.) from Ipswich 3 containing 223 inhabit- ants. It is united to the vicarage of Bramford. BURSTEAD, GREAT (St. Mary Magdalene), a parish, in the union of Billericay, hundred of Bar- stable, S. division of Essex 3 comprising the market- town of Billericay, and containing 2168 inhabitants. This parish, which at the time of the Norman survey belonged to Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, is pleasantly situ- ated on elevated ground, commanding a distant view of the river Thames, and comprises by measurement 3052 acres. The village had formerly a weekly market and an annual fair, granted by Henry III. to the abbot and brethren of Stratford abbey. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £17. fi. 8.3 patron. Rev. Edward Evans 3 impropriator, Lord Petre. The great tithes have been commuted for £268. 10., and the vica- rial for £177. 10. The church is an ancient and spa- cious structure, and a prominent feature in the land- scape 3 it contains some very handsome monuments to members of the Tyrell family and others. There is an episcopal chapel at Billericay, which was once a chapel of ease, and endowed with a chantry for a priest. A school for boys is endowed with land, producing £60 per annum 3 and a national school has been lately built. Blunt’s Walls, about a mile nortli of the church, is supposed to have been a Roman station : there were BURS BURT formerly some earthworks, inclosing a space of about four acres, and various remains have been dug up. BURSTEAD, LITTLE (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Billericay, hundred of Barstable, S. divi- sion of Essex, 2 miles (S. by W.) from Billericay 5 con- taining 170 inhabitants. This parish, at the time of the Norman survey, belonged to the Bishop of London, and the chief manor, with the advowson of the rectory, is still the property of his successors. It comprises by measurement 1829 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12 : the tithes have been com- muted for £350, and the glebe comprises 26 acres. The church is a small neat edifice. A national school has been established. BURSTOCK (*St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Beaminster, hundred of Whitchurch-Canonico- RUM, Bridport division of Dorset, 4^ miles (W. N. W.) from Beaminster 5 containing 307 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 19. 44., and in the patronage of John Bragge, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £170, and the glebe consists of about an acre and a half. BURSTON (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Depwade, hundred of Diss, E. division of Norfolk, 2f miles (N. E. by N.) from Diss-3 containing 468 inha- bitants, and comprising 1449«. 13p. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £16, and in the patronage of the Crown *. the tithes have been com- muted for £470, and the glebe comprises 76 acres, with a parsonage- house erected in 1840, by the Rev. T. Frere. The church is a handsome edifice, in the decorated English style, with an embattled tower. A school is chiefly supported by the rector. BURSTON, a small hamlet, in the parish of Stone, S. division of the hundred of Pirehill, county of Staf- ford, 3 miles (S. E.) from Stone. One of the sons of Wulphere, king of Mercia, is said to have suffered martyrdom here. BURSTOW (St. Bartholomew), a parish, in the union, and Second division of the hundred, of Reigate, E. division of Surrey, 8 miles (S. E. by S.) from Rei- gate 5 containing 863 inhabitants. The living is a rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £15. 13. 4., and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for £600, and there is a glebe of 43 acres. The church is chiefly in the early style, with a wooden tower and spire. The Independents have a place of worship at Outwoods 3 and a school is supported by subscription. Sir Edward Byshe, Garter King at Arms and Clarencieux in the time of Cromwell and at the Restoration, was born at Smallfield Place 3 and the Rev. John Flamsteed, astronomer-royal, was rector of Bur- stow, and was buried here in 1719. BURSTWICK ( All Saints), a parish, in the union of Patrington, S. division of the wapentake of Hol- DERNESS, E. riding of York 3 containing 726 inhabit- ants, of whom 440 are in the township of Burstwick, 3 miles (E. by S.) from Hedon. The parish comprises the townships of Burstwick, or Burstwick-cum-Skeck- ling, and Ryhill-cum-Camerton, the former township having 3340 acres, chiefly set out in large farms. The northern part of the village is the ancient hamlet of Skeckling, and the manor of Burstwick, with its mem- bers, parks, and free warren, was anciently called the Dominion of Holderness.” The wife of Robert Bruce, VoL. I. — 433 King of Scotland, was confined here, for some time, by order of Edward I. The living is annexed to the per- petual curacy of Skeckling : the tithes were commuted, in 1773, for land and a money payment. The chureh, principally in the later style, is a small ancient edifice, with an embattled tower at the west end. There is a place of worship for Primitive Methodists. BURTHOLME, a township, in the parish of Laner- cost-Abbey, union of Brampton, Eskdale ward, E. division of Cumberland, 3j miles (N. E. by E.) from Brampton 5 containing 330 inhabitants. In this town- ship are situated the ruins of Lanercost Abbey, founded by Robert de Vallibus, lord of Gilsland, and endowed in 1169: it suffered much from the Scots during many years, and never seems to have been in a flourishing condition : it was burnt by David II. on his march into England, previous to the battle of Durham, in 1346. At the Dissolution a prior and seven canons were resi- dent here, the revenue amounting to £77- 7. H. — See Lanercost- Abbey. BURTHORPE. — See East-Leach-Martin. BURTON, a township, in the parish of Tarvin, union of Great Boughton, Second division of the hundred of Eddisbury, S. division of the county of Chester, 3f miles (W. N. W.) from Tarporley 3 con- taining 79 inhabitants. The tithes have been commuted for £72. 5., of which £49. 11.3. are payable to the Dean and Chapter of Lichfield, and £22. 13. 9. to the vicar of the parish. BURTON (St. Nicholas), a parish, (formerly a market-town,) in the union, and Higher division of the hundred, of Wirrall, S. division of the county of Chester 3 containing, with the townships of Burton and Paddington, 428 inhabitants, of whom 282 are in the township of Burton, 2| miles (S. E. by S.) from Great Neston. The parish is situated on the river Dee. The manor for many generations belonged to the Bishops of Lichfield and Coventry, of whom Bishop Alexander de Savensby, in 1238, appropriated the tithes to the hospital of Denwall, in the parish, which, with all its revenues, Henry YIL, about the year 1494, gave to the hospital of St. John the Baptist, Lichfield, to which establishment the property still belongs. At Denwall is a colliery, opened about the year 1750, and still in operation : the mine extends for nearly a mile and three-quarters under the river : the produce is sent chiefly to Ireland. There are also some quarries of excellent freestone 3 and facilities of communication with Chester and Liverpool are obtained by railway. The market, granted in 1298 to Bishop Langton, and a fair for three days on the festival of St. James, have been discontinued. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £54 3 patron, Richard Congreve, Esq. The church, with the exception of the chancel, was rebuilt in 1721. There is a Roman Catholic chapel at Pudding- ton. The free school was founded in 17^4, by Dr. Wil- son, the pious and benevolent Bishop of Sodor and Man, who was born here in 1663, and who gave £200, and his son. Dr. Thomas Wilson, rector of St. Stephen’s, Wal- brook, gave £200 more, towards the endowment. A school is supported by R. Congreve, Esq. BURTON, a township, in the parish of Bambrough, union of Bedford, N. division of Bambrough ward and of Northumberland, miles (E. by S.) from Belford3 containing 111 inhabitants. It lies about a 3 K BURT BURT mile and a half south-by-west from Bambrough_, and consists of a farm and some cottages. The North Sea is on the east. BURTON, a chapelry, in the parish and liberties of Much Wenlock, union of Madeley, S. division of Salop, 3 miles (S. W. by S.) from Much Wenlock ^ containing 181 inhabitants. The chapelry is situated on the road from Wenlock to Ludlow, and comprises by computation 1800 acres : the soil is various, but fertile ; the surface is boldly undulated, and the lower grounds are watered by a small stream, called the Corse. There are quarries of stone for building. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £50 5 patron. Vicar of Much Wenlock. A national school is supported by a private individual. There is a Roman camp in excellent preservation 3 and the rocks abound with fossil re- mains. BURTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Stogursey, union of Wxlliton, hundred of Cannington, W. divi- sion of Somerset 3 containing 75 inhabitants. BURTON, a ty thing, in the parish, union, and hun- dred of Christchurch, Ringwood and S. divisions of the county of Southampton, Ij mile (N. by E.) from Christchurch. BURTON, a township, in the parish of Castle- Church, E. division of the hundred of Cuttlestone, union and S. division of the county of Stafford 5 containing inhabitants. BURTON, or Bodekton, in the union of Sutton, hundred of Rotherbridge, rape of Arundel, county of Sussex, 3| miles (S. by W.) from Petworth 5 con- taining 7 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 77b acres, and is bounded on the north-east by the river Rother, over which is a bridge at Stopham. The living is a rectory, with that of Coates consolidated, discharged from the payment of first-fruits, but paying tenths to the bishop, valued in the king’s books at £7. 3. 11^. j net income, £113 3 patron. Colonel Wynd- ham. The church, which is beautifullv situated in the Park, is a handsome structure in the later English style, and contains several ancient brasses, under enriched canopies, to the memory of the Gorings and other families : divine service has not been performed for many years. Attached to the mansion is a Roman Catholic chapel. BURTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Warcop, East ward and union, county of Westmorland, 5^ miles (N. W.) from Brough. There are lead- works at Kirsty Bank, in the township. This is the birthplace of Christopher Bainbridge, Archbishop of York in the reign of Henry VIII. : having been sent on a mission to Rome, he was poisoned, in 1511, by his Italian steward, and interred at Rome. BURTON, with Walden, a township, in the parish of Aysgarth, wapentake of Hang- West, N. riding of York, 7i miles (W. by S.) from Middleham 3 contain- ing 523 inhabitants, and comprising by computation 6950 acres of land. The village is situated in a district abounding with fine scenery, on a small stream which falls. into the river Ure, and contains a great quantity of salmon : the Bishop’s-dale and Walden rivulets unite below the village. Wool- combing is carried on. There is a place of worship forWesleyans 3 and a school was erected in 1748, at a cost of £80, left by|^John Sadler, in 1742. 434 BURTON-AGNES (St. Martin) , a parish, in the union of Bridlington, wapentake of Dickering, E. riding of York 3 comprising the townships of Burton- Agnes, Gransmoor, Haisthorpe, and Thornholm 3 and containing 60S inhabitants, of whom 322 are in the township of Burton- Agnes, 6| miles (N. E. by E.) from Great Driffield. The Hall, a noble brick mansion, and the seat of the ancient family of Boynton, was built about the year 1703. The living is a vicarage, with Harpham annexed, valued in the king’s books at £20. 6. 3. 3 patron, Thomas Raikes, Esq. 3 appropriator, the Arch- bishop of York. The tithes have been commuted for £1601. 6. 5., of which £865. 16. 5. are payable to the Archbishop, and £735. 10. to the vicar, who has 130 acres of glebe. The church, an ancient structure, with a square embattled tower crowned by pinnacles, pre- sents every variety of style from Norman to later English, and contains a beautiful monument in alabas- ter, with the effigies of a knight and his lady 3 and also a fine old Norman font, which was lately restored, after having been used for many years as a flower-bed in the vicarage garden. There is a place of worship for Wes- leyans 3 and a national school is partly supported by a portion of the produce . of land, bequeathed by Richard Green, a former vicar, in 1563, and yielding £50 per annum, of which the residue is appropriated to the relief of the poor and the repair of the church. An hospital for four widows was founded, and endowed with an annuity of £20. 10., by the widow of the late William Boynton, Esq. BURTON, BISHOP (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Beverley, Hunsley-Beacon division of the wapentake of Harthill, E. riding of York, 3 miles (W.) from Beverley 3 containing 532 inhabitants. This parish, situated on the road leading from York to Hull, comprises 4208a. 20 t>., of which about 170 acres are woods and plantations, and of the rest, two-thirds are arable, and one-third pasture 3 the soil is various, the greater part a strong clay, with some very rich grazing land near the village, and the surface is undulated. There is a good limestone quarry, part of which belongs to the lord of the manor, Richard Watt, Esq., and part to the parish, which has a right of procuring chalk for the roads, and for private use. On the village green is a fine pool of water, near which stood a long noted gigantic elm, that was blown down in 1837. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 6. 8. 3 net income, £110 3 patron. Prebendary of North Newbald, in the Cathedral of York 3 appropria- tors. Dean and Chapter of York. The tithes were com- muted for land and a money payment, in I767. The church, which stands on an eminence, has an ancient chapel and a tower 3 the nave was rebuilt some years since, at a cost of £1700. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists. Ten children are instructed for £20 a year, the rental of land purchased with a legacy of £100 from Mrs. Elizabeth Gee, in 1714 3 and alms- houses for four persons are endowed with about £70 per annum, arising from property given by Ralph Hans- by, by deed dated July 24th, 1614. There are several tumuli, in which human bones and urns have been found 3 and^ near Killingwold- graves is a pillar called Stump Cross, supposed to have been one of the crosses which formerly marked the limits of the sanctuary of Beverley. BURT BURT BURTON, BLACK, or in Lonsdaee, a chapelry, in tlie parish of Thornton, union of Settle, W. divi-* sion of the wapentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 12 miles (N. W.) from Settle 3 con- taining 629 inhabitants. This place was anciently the baronial residence of the Mowbray family, and on the attainder of John de Mowbray, in the reign of Edward II., was forfeited to the crown ; but from an inquisition taken in the reign of Edward III., it appears that the same John de Mowbray died possessed of the manor, which is now the property of Hornby Roughsedge, Esq,, of Bentham House, who has enfranchised the lands, reserving only his right of holding a manorial court. The township comprises by computation 1552 acres, and is situated on the road between Lancaster and Richmond, the former of which places is the post-town : the surface is varied, and the lower grounds are watered by the river Greta. The substratum abounds with coal of very good quality, and a mine has been opened, but the operation of it is impeded by the water of the river, which, finding an entrance, prevents its being worked with any considerable profit : clay of good quality for earthenware is also found, and a manufacture of the coarser kinds of pottery is carried on. A pleasure- fair is held on Whit-Monday. The chapel is a neat plain structure, and the living is a perpetual curacy 3 net in- come, £94 3 patron, Yicar of Thornton. BURTON-BRADSTOGK, (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Bridpqrt, and liberty of Frampton, though locally in the hundred of Godderthorne, Bridport division of Dorset, 2f miles (S. E. by S.) from B rid port 3 containing 1201 inhabitants. The parish, w^hich is bounded on the south by the English Channel, and on the west by Bridport harbour, comprises by measurement 2700 acres : the scenery is bold, and in some parts strikingly romantic 3 the cliffs on the beach rise perpendicularly to a great height, and abound with fossil remains. In the village is an establishment for spinning flax, and the linen and woollen manufactures afford employment to about 200 persons : stone of good quality for building is extensively quarried. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £25, and in the gift of Lord Rivers : the tithes have been com- muted for £416. 10., payable to the incumbent, and for £18. 3., belonging to impropriators 3 the glebe com- prises 40 acres. The church is an ancient cruciform structure, in the Norman style. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BURTON-BY-LINCOLN (St. Vincent), a parish, in the wapentake of Lawress, parts of Lindsey, union and county of Lincoln, 2^ miles (N. N. W.) from Lin- coln 3 containing 206 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 15. 2|. 3 net income, £419 5 patron. Lord Monson. BURTON, CHERRY (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Beverley, Hunsley-Beacon division of the wapentake of Harthill, E. riding of York, 3 miles (W. N. W.) from Beverley 3 containing 455 inha- bitants. The parish is situated on the road from Beverley to Malton, and comprises 3438a. 3r. 37/?., of which 2683 acres are arable, 653 meadow, and 50 wood 3 the soil is clayey, and in most situations suitable for the growth of wheat, and the surface generally level, but in some parts undulated : about a third comes under the denomination of wold land. The living is a 435 rectory, valued in the king’s books at £23. 6 . 8. 3 pa- tron, Robert Ramsden, Esq. the tithes have been, commuted for £10503 and the glebe comprises 25a. 3r. 27/>i The church,, a small ancient edifice, with a square tower, has traces of Norman and early English architec- ture, and was repaired in 1842. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BURTON-COGGLES (St. Thomas a Becket), a parish, in the union of Grantham, wapentake of Beltisloe, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, if mile (W. N. W.) from Corby 3 containing 260 inha- bitants. It is situated on the great north road, and comprises 24/6 acres. Limestone of a soft quality is. quarried. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 16 . 12. 3 J. 3 and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for £530> and there is a good glebe-house, with a glebe of 104 acres. The church is an ancient structure in ^the early English style, and contains the figures of two crusaders in good preservation. A school has an endowment of £21 per annum, arising from a bequest of land at Quadring by John Speight, in 1734, and by Catherine Chomeley, in 1773. BURTON-CONSTABLE, a hamlet, in the parish of Sw^iNE, union of Skirlaugh, Middle division of the wapentake of Holderness, E. riding of York, 8 miles (N. E.) from Hull 3 containing 7 1 inhabitants. In the time of the Conqueror, this place was part of the pos- sessions of the Archbishop of York 3 it shortly after- wards came to the family of Constable, who are the present owners. It comprises 1247a. 3r. 2/?. of land, lying in West Newton township, in the parish of Aldbrough, but usually returned- with Ellerby town- ship, in Swine parish. Burton- Constable House, the seat of Sir Thomas Aston CliflPord Constable, Bart., is a splendid mansion, said to have been partly erected so early as the reign of Stephen, but the two principal fronts of which, east and west, each about 130 feet long, have been built upon, and added to, a more ancient edifice, probably of the time of Henry VHI. : the apart- ments are of exceedingly handsome design, and appro- priately embellished, and the whole of the buildings are of a character suitable to a residence of distinction : the parks, also, and the gardens, are beautiful in ap- pearance, and are excellently kept. BURTON-CONSTABLE, a township, in the parish of Eingall, union of Leyburn, wapentake of Hang- West, N. riding of York, 4j miles (N. E.) from Mid- dleham 3 containing 252 inhabitants. It comprises 2572 acres of land, chiefly the property of M. Wyvill, Esq., lord of the manor, who has a handsome seat, stand- ing in a picturesque valley, with fine parks attached. A school is supported by Mr. Wyvill. BURTON-DASSETT, or Dassett Magna (All /Sjjjvts), a parish, and formerly a market-town, in the union of South am. Burton- Dassett division of the hun- dred of Kington, S. division of the county of War- wick, 4 miles (E.) from Kington 3 containing 614 in- habitants. This place, which is reduced to a very small hamlet, is supposed to have been destroyed- about the time of the battle of Edge-Hill, which place is dis- tant about 2 miles 3 it is situated on the Warwick and Banbury road, and comprises by measurement 4500 acres. Large stone-quarries are wrought, the material of which is used for buildings. The living is a vicarage, 3 K 2 BURT BURT valued in the king’s books at £14 5 net income, £167 5 patrons. Lord Willoughby de Broke and W. R. Blen- cow. Esq., of whom the former is impropriator : the glebe consists of 90 acres, to which there is a good glebe-house. The church is a very spacious and hand- some structure. BURTON-EXTRA, a township, in the parish and union of Btjrton-upon-Trent, N. division of the hun- dred of Offlow and of the county of Stafford 3 con- tiguous to the southern part of the town of Burton, and containing 1193 inhabitants. BURTON-FLEMING, or North {St. Cuthbert), a parish, in the union of Bridlington, wapentake of Dickering, E. riding of York, 7 miles (N. W. by W.) from Bridlington ; containing 460 inhabitants. It com- prises by computation 3590 acres : the soil, opening to the south-w^est, is chalky, producing all kinds of grain of an excellent quality, and turnips in great abundance. The living is a perpetual curacy, valued in the king’s books as a discharged vicarage at £6. 4. 2. 3 net income, £95 3 patron, Capt. Robert Mitford, R.N. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1768. The church is a neat edifice, consisting of a nave and chancel, wnth a low tower 3 it contains a beam perfectly sound, marked "‘^June, 1574.” There are places of worship for W”esleyans and Primitive Method- ists 5 and near the church is a good school, built by the parishioners. BURTON-GATE {St. Helen), a parish, in the union of Gainsborough, wapentake of Well, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 5 miles (S. S. E.) from Gainsborough 5 containing 126 inhabitants. It is sit- uated on the banks of the Trent, and intersected by the Lincoln and Gainsborough road. The living is a dis- charged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 10. 10. 3 net income, £88 3 patron, W. Hutton, Esq. The glebe consists of about 16 acres, to which there is a good glebe-house. A small petrifying spring has been lately discovered. BURTON-HASTINGS {St. Botolph), a parish, in the union of Hinckley, Kirby division of the hundred of Knightlow, N. division of the county of Warwick, 3 miles (S. S. W.) from Hinckley 3 containing 276 inha- bitants. The parish is situated on the line of the Roman Watling-street, and intersected by the Ashby-de- la-Zouch canal: it comprises by admeasurement 1335 acres, about one-third of which is arable, and the rest pasture. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £87 ; patron and impropriator, Thomas Grove, Esq, BURTON-HILL, a tything, in the parish, union, and hundred of Malmesbury, Malmesbury and Kingswood, and N. divisions of the county of Wilts, f of a mile (S.) from Malmesbury 3 containing 257 inhabitants. BURTON-IN-KENDAL {St. James), a parish, in the union of Kendal, partly in Lonsdale ward, and partly in Kendal ward, county of Westmorland 3 and partly in the hundred of Lonsdale, south of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster 3 comprising the township of Dalton, in Lancashire, and the townships of Burton, Holme, and Preston-Patrick, in Westmorland 3 and containing 2387 inhabitants, of whom 796 are in the market-towm of Burton, 34^ miles (S. W. by S.) from Appleby, and 251 (N. W. by N.) from London. The ancient name of this place, Borton, a contraction of Borough town, is still retained by the inhabitants : it 436 takes its adjunct from its situation in the dale, or valley, of the river Ken, to distinguish it from Burton, in Lan- cashire. The place was given at the Conquest, with many other estates in the neighbourhood, to Ivo de Talebois, who afterwards granted the church, and certain lands, to the abbey of St. Mary, at York, with which it remained till the Dissolution of monasteries, when it was granted to the Middletons, of Leighton Hale, in the adjoining parish of Warton. Burton is a neat town on the great north-western road : the houses, many of which are ancient, are well built, and the general appearance is prepossessing : the inhabitants are amply supplied with water. A communication with the Mersey, the Dee, the Humber, and the Trent, is afforded by the Kendal and Lancaster canal 3 but, notwithstand- ing its favourable situation, the town has little trade, the only branch being that of linen, of which there is a manufactory at Holme. The market, established in 1661, and once noted for corn, is on Tuesday; the market-place is a spacious area, adjoining which are some good houses and shops, and in the centre is a neat stone cross. A fair is held on Easter-Monday, for cattle and horses, which is also a statute fair. The county magistrates hold a petty-session every alternate Tuesday3 and a manorial court is held on Whit-Monday and Martinmas-day, for the renewal of fines, and for the recovery of debts under 40^. The parish comprises 8740a. 36n. The living is a discharged^vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £15. 17.; net income, £199; patrons. Trustees of the late Rev. C. Simeon 3 impro- priators, Trustees of the late W. Atkinson, Esq. The vicarial tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, in 1815, under an act of inclosure : there is a good glebe-house. The church is a plain ancient struc- ture, with a square tower 3 the pulpit, and the canopy over it, are richly carved 3 and there are two sepulchral chapels, belonging to Dalton and Preston Halls : in the churchyard is a monument to the memory of William Cockin, author of the Rural Sabbath,” and other literary productions. There is a church at Preston- Patrick, and another at Holme, in the parish, the latter of w'hich, in the later English style, was built by contributions. The Independents have a meeting-house. The grammar school has an income of £50 per annum, the produce of various benefactions since the year 1657 3 the premises were erected by subscription in 181 7. There are also two other schools, having small endowments. Gerard Langbaine, Dr. William Lancaster, and Dr. Launcelot Dawes, prebendary of Carlisle, and 48 years vicar of the parish, all eminent literary characters in the reign of Charles I., were natives of the town. BURTON-JOYCE {St. Helen), a parish, in the union of Basford, S. division of the wapentake of Thurgarton and of the county of Nottingham, 5 miles (N. E. by E.) from Nottingham 3 containing, with the chapelry of Bulcote, 764 inhabitants. This place, in Domesday book called Bertune, belonged, in the reign of Henry II., to the family of Joez, from whom it derives the adjunct to its name, and from whom it descended to the ancestors of the Earl of Chesterfield. The village is pleasantly situated on the north bank of the river Trent, the vale of which is bounded by a range of lofty hills that shelter it on the north. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £4. 19.2.; net income, £145 3 patron and impropriator, Earl of BURT BURT Chesterfield : the tithes were commuted for land in 1768. The church is an ancient spacious structure, with a spire : in a niche of the north aisle is an upright effig/ of an armed knight, standing on a lion, and bearing a shield on the left arm, said to represent Robert de Joez, who lived in the reign of Edward I. ; and in the chancel are two altar-tombs of deceased members of the family of Stapelton, with inscriptions in Saxon characters. There is a place of worship for Wes- leyans. BURTON, KIRK (St, John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Huddersfield, Upper division of the wapentake of Agbrigg, W. riding of York ; containing 18,452 inhabitants, of whom 34/4 are in the township of Kirk-Burton, 5 miles (S. E,) from Huddersfield. This parish comprises the townships of Cartworth, Foulston, Hepworth, Kirk-Burton, Shelley, Shepley, Thurstohland, Wooldale, and part of Cumber worth- Half, the whole forming an area of 15,990 acres, whereof 1260 are in Kirk-Burton, which includes the hamlets of. Dogby- Lane, Green-Grove, Linfit-Lane, Spring-Grove, and Paddock, and the village of High Burton. The village of Kirk-Burton is of considerable size, and pleasantly seated on a declivity at the junction of two narrow ravines, or valleys. The woollen and fancy waistcoating manufactures are carried on to a great extent, affording employment to about 2600 persons : edge-tools, and spades and shovels, are manufactured in the village of High Burton 5 and there are coal-pits and good stone- quarries. A court of requests was established in 1839, for the recovery of small debts. Fairs for cattle are held on the last Mondays in April and October. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13. 6. 8., and in the patronage of the Lord Chancellor ; net in- come, £301 -j impropriators. Governors of Sheffield Hospital. The tithes were commuted for land in 1799. A sum of £4 is annually paid by Kirk- Burton to the Vicar of Dewsbury, as a mark of its dependence upon that ancient church. The parochial church, built in the reign of Edward HI., is a large and commanding edifice, with a square tower 5 an organ was erected in 1836, at a cost of £300. At Holmfirth and New-Mill are district churches, the former an ancient structure 5 and at Thurstonland is an episcopal chapel. There are places of worship for Independents, Wesleyan s, and Primitive Methodists. A school, established in 1714, was endowed in 1721 by the Rev. Henry Robinson, with a bequest of £100, for instruction 5 and in the following year with a bequest of £360, by J. Horsfall, Esq. 3 which sums, having been invested in land and houses, produce about £80 per annum : the school was rebuilt in 1840. BURTON-LATIMER (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Kettering, hundred of Huxloe, N. division of the county of Northampton, 3 miles (S. E.) from Kettering 5 containing 965 inhabitants. This place derives its distinguishing appellation from the barons Latimer, who had formerly a residence here. The parish is intersected by the road from Higham-Ferrers to Kettering, and comprises by computation 2300 acres limestone of the oolite formation, with fossils, is abun- dant. A mill for spinning worsted-yarn affords employ- ment to about 100 persons 3 and a silk manufactory, established a few years since, is conducted on an exten- sive scale. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £29. 10. 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. T. S. 437 Grimshawe. The tithes were commuted for land, under an inclosure act, in 1 800 3 the glebe comprises 800 acres. The church is a handsome structure, partly in the Norman and partly in the early English style, and contains a richly carved oak screen. There are places of worship for Baptists and Wesleyans. The free school was founded, in the reign of Elizabeth, by Margaret Burbank and William Vaux, Lord Harrowden, the former of whom endowed it with 10 acres of land, and the latter with a house. The Rev. S. Barwick, in 1792; left an endowment of 7 acres, producing £20 per annum, for preparing children for the free school 3 the rent of 40 acres of land is distributed among the industrious poor, and 70 acres are set apart in lieu of the right of cutting furze. BURTON-LAZARS, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Melton-Mowbray, hundred of Framland, N. division of the county of Leicester, if mile (S. E. by S.) from Melton-Mowbray ; containing 262 inhabit- ants. The chapel is dedicated to St. James. In the reign of Stephen, an hospital, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Lazarus, was founded here] by a general collection throughout England, the principal contributor being Roger de Mowbray : it was dependent on the great house at Jerusalem, and was the chief of all the lazar houses in England, and the revenue, in the 26th of Henry VIII., was estimated at £265. 10. 2. It stood near a spring, the water of which was formerly in high repute for curing the leprosy ; a bath and a drinking- room were built about I76O. BURTON-LEONARD (St. Helen), a parish, in the Lower division of the wapentake of Claro, W. riding of York, 5 miles (N. N. W.) from Knaresborough 3 con- taining 455 inhabitants. The parish comprises 1739«. 2r. 39/>., of which 1100 acres are arable, and the re- mainder grass land : the soil is of an inferior kind, and the surface generally undulated : stone of excellent quality is burnt for lime. Many of the inhabitants were formerly employed in the flax and linen trade, but it has entirely ceased. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £3. 1. 0^. ; net income, £140 3 patrons and appropriators, Dean and Chapter of York : a glebe-house was erected in 1839, and there are 45 acres of glebe. The church is a small plain structure, built in 1782. There are places of worship for Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists 3 and a parochial school is partly supported by Thomas Duncombe, Esq., of Copgrove Hall. BURTON, LONG (St. James), a parish, in the union and hundred of Sherborne, Sherborne division of Dor- set, 3 miles (S. by E.) from Sherborne 3 containing 386 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the great road between Bath and Weymouth, and comprises by mea- surement 1026 acres. The females are chiefly employed in making gloves for the Yeovil and other manufacturers. There are extensive stone- quarries, from which are ob- tained limestone, and excellent stone for building. The living is a discharged vicarage, with the perpetual curacy of Holnest annexed, valued in the king’s books at £10. 15. 3 net income, £275 3 patron, C. Cosens, Esq. 3 impropriator, R. Gordon, Esq. : there is a good glebe- house, with 20 acres of land. The church is in the later English style, and was built more than 200 years ago. There are places of worship for Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists. BURT BURT BURTGN-ON-THE-WOLDS, a township, in the pa- rish of Prestwold, union of Loughborough, hundred of East.Gosgote,.N. division of the county of Leices- ter, 3| miles (E.. N.. E.) from Loughborough j contain- ing 448 inhabitants^ The Wesleyans have a meeting- house. There is a small endowment for children, chiefly arising from benefactions by Miles Newton, in 1757, and John Kirk : the school is on the national system. BURTON-OVERY (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Billesdon, . hundred of Gartree, S. division of the county of Leicester, miles (S* E. by E.) from Leicester ^ containing 449 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 1800 acres, and has an undulated surface, with a strong clay soil. The living is a rectory, valued - in the king’s books at £18. 5. 10. 3 net income, £497 5 patron and incumbent. Rev. T. Thorp. The tithes were commuted in 1765 for land, and the glebe consists of 272 acres, to which there is a good glebe-house. A Sunday school has the interest of £100, left by Mrs. Catherine Palmer. BURTON-PEDWARDINE (St. Andrew), a pa- rish, in the union of Sleaford, wapentake of Ash- WARDHURN, parts of Resteven, county of Lincoln, 4^ miles (S. E. by E.) from Sleaford 3 containing 125 in- habitants, and comprising by computation 1800 acres. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 1^. S|. 3 patron and impropriator, H. Handley, Esq. : the glebe comprises 263 acres, valued at £332 per annum. The church is a plain edifice, built in 1802, to replace the former structure, which had been erected in 1340, on the site of a still more ancient foundation 3 one of the chapels in the old church is still existing. There are some remains of the ancient seat of Thomas Horseman, Esq., taster to Queen Elizabeth, and several tumuli. BURTON-PIDSEA (St. Peter, or St. Mary), a parish, in the Middle division of the wapentake of Hol- derness, E. riding of York, 5 miles (E. byN.) from Hedon 3 containing 400 inhabitants. The name of this place is a corruption of Burton -per- Sea, or by-the-Sea : it is one of the manors that have remained, as part of the original fee of Drogo the Norman, in possession of the succeeding lords of the seigniory of Holderness to the present day. The parish contains about 1980 acres by measurement : the soil is rich and fertile 3 and the village is picturesque, situated on ground command- ing an extensive prospect, and surrounded by some fine trees. Chatt House, in the parish, once the residence of a. family of that name in the 17 th century, has been lately rebuilt, with much taste, by the Clapham family. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £d3 net income, £42 3 patrons and appro - priators. Dean and Chapter of York. The tithes were commuted for a money payment, under an act passed in 1761. The church is a handsome edifice, principally in the later English style, with a lofty tower. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BURTON-PYNSENT, a tything, in the parishes of Curry-Rivell, Drayton, and Fivehead, union of Langport, hundred of Abdick and Bulstone, W. division of Somerset 3 containing 43 inhabitants. BURTON- SALMON, a township, in the parish of Monk-Fryston, Lower division of the wapentake of Barkstone-Ash, W. riding of York> 2 miles. (N. by E.) from Ferry-Bridge 3 containing 1 66 inhabitants. There 438 is an intermediate station of the York and North - Midland railway, which takes a curvilinear course through the township. BURTON-UPON-STATHER (St. Andrew), a pa- rish, in the union of Glandford-Brigg, N. division of the wapentake of Manley, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 35§ miles (N. by W.) from Lincoln, and 164'J- (N. by W.) from London 3 containing, witbthe hamlets of Normanby and Thealby, and part of that of Coleby, 799 inhabitants, of whom 429 are in the township of Burton. The parish comprises by measurement 3510 acres, the soil varying, through several gradations, from light sand to strong clay 3 a considerable portion is of a yellow colour, resembling ochre, and leaves a dark and indelible stain on the clothes of the ploughman. Along the side of the river is a hill of considerable elevation, forming a kind of terrace of six or seven miles in length, and commanding an uninterrupted view, as far as the eye can reach, of the county of York, and part of Not- tingham. The village is situated on the brow of a hill, at the foot of which flows the river Trent, where there is a wharf, called Stather. It was formerly of much greater extent than it is at present, having been greatly reduced by a tempest that destroyed several houses, and injured the church. A market was once held on Tuesday, and there are still fairs on the first Monday in May, and the first Monday after Martinmas. The living is a vicar- age, consolidated, in 1729, with the rectory of Flix- borough, and valued in the king’s- books at £12 : the tithes were commuted for land and money payments in 1803. On the summit of Alkborough Hill is a kind of labyrinth, called the Julian Tower, supposed to be the remains of a Roman fortification. BURTON-UPON-TRENT (St. Mary and St. Mod- wen a), a parish, and the head of a union, partly in the N. division of the hun- dred of Offlow and of the county of Stafford, and partly in the hundred of Repton and Gresley, S. division of the county of Derby 3 comprising the township of Winshill, in Derbyshire, and the town- ships of Branstone, Burton-Extra, Horninglow, and Stretton 3 and containing 8136 inhabitants) of whom 4863 are in the market-town of Burton, 24 miles (E.) from Stafford, and 124 (N. W. by N.) from London. This place derived its name from having been a Saxon burgh of some importance, and its adjunct from being situated on the river Trent. In the ninth century, St. Modwena, who had been expelled from her monastery in Ireland, came hither, and having obtained an asylum from King Ethelwulph, in reward for a miraculous cure tliat she is said to have performed on his son Alfred, erected a chapel, and dedicated it to St. Andrew : the site, still called St. Modwena’ s Garden, is the only part visible. In 1004, Wulfric, Earl of Mercia, founded an abbey for monks of the Benedictine order, which, from the vestiges still to be traced, appears to have been one' of .the most considerable in the kingdom : it was a mitred abbey, richly endowed and invested with ex- tensive privileges, and its revenue, at the Dissolution, BURT BURT was £356. 16. 3. The remains consist principally of some fine Norman arches that formed part of the cloisters^ which included an area 100 feet square^ and of part of the entrance gateway, now converted into a shop. In 1225, a large portion of the town was de- stroyed by an accidental fire. In the reign of Edward II., Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, posted himself at Bur- ton, and endeavoured to defend the passage of the river against the king^ but being unsuccessful in his attempt, he fled with his forces into Scotland. During the par- liamentary war, the town and neighbourhood were frequently the scene of action between the contending parties. Burton is pleasantly situated in a fertile vale, on the western bank of the Trent, which is navigable from Gainsborough for vessels of considerable burthen, |nd over which is a noble bridge of freestone, 512 yards in length, consisting of 37 arches, built prior to the Conquest, and substantially repaired in the reign of Henry II, The town, consisting principally of one street, parallel with the river, is well paved, lighted with gas, and plentifully supplied with water ^ the houses are in general modern and well built. There is a subscription library and news-room j and assemblies and concerts take place occasionally in the town-hall. The principal branch of trade is that of brewing ale, for which the town has been highly celebrated for more than a cen- tury, large quantities being sent to London and other places 5 and there are cotton-mills, with power-looms, employed in the weaving process. An ancient water- mill, in the vicinity of the town, noticed in the Norman survey, is partly appropriated to the grinding of corn, and partly used as a manufactory for safes : a few articles in iron are also made, particularly screws. A company was formerly established for regulating the navigation of the river ; but a canal has been construc- ted, which joins the Grand Trunk canal, and affords a more direct medium for the transport of goods. Here is a principal station of the Birmingham and Derby Junc- tion railway, which passes on the west side of the town. The market is on Thursday 5 and fairs are held on February 5th, April 5th, Holy-Thursday, July l6th, and October 29th, for cattle and cheese 5 the last con- tinues six days, and is a great horse fair. The govern- ment is vested in a high steward, deputy- steward, and bailiflp, appointed by the Marquess of Anglesey, lord of the manor, who holds a court leet and view of frank- pledge in October, at which the police are appointed. The bailiff is a justice of the peace, having concurrent jurisdiction with the county magistrates, and acts also as coroner ; and the corporation formerly had power to try and execute criminals, and to hold courts of pleas to any amount. The Genter’s court is held every third Friday, before the steward, or his deputy, for the re- covery of debts not exceeding 40s, The inhabitants, by virtue of letters -patent granted in the 11th of Henry VIII., are exempt from serving the office of sheriff, and from being summoned as jurors at the assizes and ses- sions for the county. The town-hall is a handsome building, erected at the expense of the Marquess of Anglesey, and containing, in addition to the offices for transacting the public business, a handsome suite of assembly-rooms. The LIVING is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Marquess of Anglesey, the impropriator ) net income, 439 £192. The ancient church formerly belonged to the abbey, and was made collegiate 'by Henry VIII. : having been greatly damaged in the parliamentary war, it was taken dawn, and the present edifice, a handsome struc- ture with a tower, though less embellished than the former, was erected on its site, in I72O. A district church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, was erected in 1823, on land given by the Marquess : it is a very handsome structure, in the decorated English style, and highly ornamental to the town. It was built and en- dowed by the executors of Isaac Hawkins, Esq. 5 and the living, which is a perpetual curacy, with a net in- come of £26 1, is In the gift of the Marquess. A church has also been erected at Newhall, in the parish, by the Rev. J. Clay and J. Clay, Esq. 5 and a chapel was built at Stretton, in 1839, by subscription. A lecture- ship, of the value of £31 per annum, is in the patronage of the bailiff and principal inhabitants. There are places of worship for General and Particular Baptists, Inde- pendents, and Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists. The free grammar school was founded in 1520, by William Beane, abbot, and endowed with land producing at present £450 per annum 3 Richard Allsop, in 1728, bequeathed property, with which land was purchased^ now worth £24 per annum, to found a school for the instruction of boys 3 and a national school, established in 1826, is supported by subscription. Almshouses were founded and endowed, in 1634, by Mrs. Ellen Parker, for six widows or maidens 3 and others were founded, in 1591, for five unmarried women, and en- dowed by Dame Elizabeth Pawlett, the present income of which is about £80. There are various other chari- ties, the principal of which, by Mrs Almund, yields about £72 per annum. The poor law union comprises 53 parishes and places, 13 of which are in the county of Stafford, and 40 in that of Derby, and contains a population of 28,878 : the workhouse stands at the north-western extremity of the town, in the township of Horninglow, and was built, in 1839, at a cost of £8000. Near Branson is a chalybeate spring. Isaac Hawkins Browne, a poet of minor celebrity, was born here about 1705. BURTON-UPON-URE, a township, in the parish of Mash AM, union of Leyburn, wapentake of Hang- East, N. riding of York, 1 mile (N.) from Masham 3 containing 200 inhabitants. It is chiefly on the eastern bank of the river Ure, and comprises by computation 2920 acres of land, extending southward to Northcote, to Nutwith, to Ilton Grange (allotted to Burton from Ilton Common), and to Aldbrough, in which last place is Aldbrough Hall, a mansion built near the site of a castle founded by William le Gros, Earl of Albe- marle, who, for having gained the battle of the Standard, was created Earl of York, in 1138. The tithes have been commuted for £57, of which £55 are payable to Trinity College, Cambridge, and £2 to the vicar. BURTON, WEST (St. Helen), a parish, in the union of Gainsborough, North- Clay division of the wapentake of Bassetlaw, N. division of the county of Nottingham, 3 ;^ miles (S. S. W.) from Gainsborough 3 containing 35 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the river Trent, which forms its eastern boundary 3 and comprises 936a. 39p. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £65 3 patron, John Barrow, Esq. The church is a plain edifice. B U R W B U R W BURTON, WEST, a ty thing, in the parish and hundred of Bury, union of Sutton, rape of Arundel, W. division of Sussex 3 containing 201 inhabitants. BURTON WOOD, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Warrington, hundred of West Derby, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 5 miles (N. W.) from Warrington 3 containing 836 inhabitants. It com- prises by admeasurement 3812 acres, chiefly belonging to Lord Lilford and Sir H. Bold Hoghton, the lord of the manor. Nearly a mile and a half of the Liverpool and Manchester railway, and upwards of half a mile of the Grand Junction, pass through the district 3 and the Sankey canal crosses the chapelry in the direction of St. Helen’s. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net in- come, £ 90 , derived partly from two farms, and partly from Queen Anne’s Bounty 3 patron. Rector of War- rington. The tithes have been commuted for £421. The chapel, which is a plain brick edifice, was rebuilt about 1750 , and has been lately enlarged. BURWARDSLEY, a chapelry, in the parish of Bunbury, union of Nantwich, Higher division of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, 2 miles (N. W. by W.) from Tattenhall 3 con- taining 458 inhabitants. This place, the situation and scenery of which, especially in the vicinity of the chapel, are singularly beautiful, comprises 998a. 3r. 24p. : there are numerous quarries of white and red sandstone, the materials of one of which is of excellent quality for buildings. Many of the inhabitants are employed in the manufacture of gloves. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £50 3 patrons, 16 Trustees 3 im- propriator, S. Aldersey, Esq. A rent-charge of £100 has been awarded as a commutation for the impro- priate tithes, payable to the Haberdashers’ Company, London. The chapel, dedicated to St. John, a small stone building, was built by subscription, in 1735. BURWARTON (St, Lawrence) , a parish, in the union of Bridgenorth, hundred of Stottesden, S. division of Salop, 9f miles (N. E.) from Ludlow 3 con- taining 151 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Bridgenorth to Ludlow, and contains by computation 1100 acres : some coal of inferior quality is worked. The living is a discharged ’•ectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 6. 8.3 patron *and incumbent. Rev. John Churton : the tithes hav'^ been commuted for £102, and the glebe comprises 20 acres, with a house. There is a place of worship for Wt\sleyans. BURWASH (St, BartI^olomew), a parish, in the union of Ticehurst, partly in the hundred of Shoys- WELL and Hen hurst, but chiefly in that of Hawkes- BOROUGH, rape of Hastings, E. division of Sussex, 8 miles (S. by W.) from Lamberhurst 3 containing 2093 inhabitants. The parish is on the road from Lewes to Cranbrook, which intersects the village : the neighbour- hood abounds with iron-stone, for the smelting of which a blast-furnace formerly existed. The village is plea- santly situated on an eminence, surrounded by hills of greater elevation, and consists of one long street, con- taining several respectable houses. A fair for cattle and sheep is held on the 12 th of May. The living consists of a sinecure rectory and a vicarage, the former valued in the king’s books at £ 8 . 10 ., and the latter at £183 patron and incumbent, the Rev. J. Gould : the tithes have been commuted for £1125, and the glebe com- prises SO acres. The church is partlv in the early and 440 partly in the later English style, with a square em- battled tower, surmounted by a low spire. There are places of worship for Calvinists and Independents 3 and a national school is supported by an endowment of £35. 10 . per annum. On Goodsial farm is a mineral spring. BURWELL (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Newmarket, hundred of Staploe, county of Cam- bridge, 4 miles (N. W. by W.) from Newmarket 3 con- taining 1820 inhabitants. The village consists princi- pally of one irregular street, nearly two miles long : the houses are built with stone obtained in the vicinity, in which pyrites and sharks’ teeth, in good preservation, have been found. An act for draining fen lands, and for improving the navigable cuts, was passed in 1841. A great fair for horses is held on Rogation-Monday, at Reach, once a market-town, now an insignificant hamlet, partly in the parish. The living is a discharged vicar- age, wdth the rectory of Burwell-St. Andrew consolidated, valued jointly in the king’s books at £50. 14. 2. 3 net income, £335 3 patrons. Chancellor, Masters, and Scho- lars of the University of Cambridge (the impropriators), for two turns, and Heirs of the late Sir E. North, for one. The church is a beautiful edifice, in the decorated English style : the rent of 100 acres of land is appro- priated for its repair. There are places of worship for Independents and Wesley ans. Here are the ruins of a castle, surrounded by a moat, which was besieged in the war between Stephen and the Empress Matilda, by Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex, who was shot by an arrow from the walls. The parish register contains the record of a fire on Sept. 8 th, 17 ^ 7 , when 78 persons lost their lives. The church of St. Andrew has long been demolished, and the cemetery converted into pas- ture ground. BURWELL (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Louth, Wold division of the hundred of Louth-Eske, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 5:|: miles (S. by E.) from Louth 3 containing 1/4 inhabitants. This place, which is situated on the road from London to Louth, appears to have been formerly of more importance than it is at present : a grant of a weekly market, and two annual fairs, was made in the reign of Edward III., and confirmed in that of Elizabeth 3 and the ancient market cross is still remaining, in a very perfect state. The parish comprises 2009 a. 3r. 29p. The fairs are held on May-day and the festival of St. Michael (O. S.). The living is a discharged vicarage, with Walmsgate and Muckton annexed, valued in the king’s books at £8 3 net income, £51 3 patron and impropriator, Matthew Bancroft Lister, Esq. The church, anciently belonging to the priory, is a small edifice, partly of Norman archi- tecture. A school on the national plan was established in 1825. There are the remains of a small alien priory of Benedictine monks, founded by John de Hay, and given by some of the lords of Kyme to the abbey of St. Mary Sylvae Majoris, near Bourdeaux. This is the birthplace of Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough, who was grand-daughter of the wife of Sir Martin Lister, ancestor of the present proprietor of the estate, and whose ascend- ancy in the affections of Queen Anne had for some time a material influence on political events. BURWELL, a tything, in the parish of Hambledon, union of Droxford, hundred of Meon-Stoke, Drox- ford and N. divisions of the county of Southampton. BURY BURY BURY {Holy Cross), a parish, in the union of St. /ES, hundred of Hurstingstone, county of Hunting- on, 12 miles (N. N. E.) from Huntingdon ^ containing 59 inhabitants. This place formed part of the posses- ons of Ramsey Abbey ; and there is a strong stone ridge of two arches over a small branch of the river [ene, which is supposed to have been built by one of le abbots. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the atronage of Lady O. B. Sparrow, with a net income of ,167: the tithes have been commuted for £140. A ortion of land in the parish of Riseley, Bedfordshire, urchased by Queen Anne’s Bounty, belongs to the ving. The church is composed of the eastern part of large cruciform edifice, and exhibits a mixture of forman and early English architecture 5 the entrance to he chancel from the nave is under a carved wooden creen. The interest of benefactions, amounting to £50, 3 given to the poor. BURY {St. Mary), a parish, and the head of a inion, chiefly in the hundred of Salford, S. division, ind partly in the Higher division of the hundred of Blackburn, N. division, of the county of Lancaster j lomprising the townships of Coupe with Lenches, Mus- )ury, Elton, Heap, Higher and Lower Tottington, and iValmersley with Shuttleworth ^ and containing 62,125 nhabitants, of whom 20,710 are in the newly created Dorough and market-town of Bury, 48| miles (S. E. by S.) from Lancaster, 9 (N. N. W.) from Manchester, and 195 ^ (N. N. W.) from London. Some antiquaries sup- pose this to have been a Roman station : it was cer- tainly a Saxon town, as its name obviously implies. Leland notices the remains of a castle near the church, the site of which, still called Castle Croft, was near the ancient bed of the river Irwell. This castle, one of the twelve baronial castles in the count}'’, w'as demolished about the year 1644, by the parliamentary troops, who [aid siege to the town, and battered down the small re- mains that were then existing : fragments are still occa- sionally discovered. In 1787, nearly three hundred persons having assembled in a barn, to witness the per- formance of some itinerant players, the gable end gave way, and the whole building fell, and buried the audi- ence in its ruins. The town is situated on a gentle acclivity rising from the eastern bank of the river Irwell, over which is a stone bridge, and is skirted on the east by the river Roche, which falls into the Irwell about two miles and a half to the south. The houses, generally old and dilapidated, are giving place to modern structures 5 and among the earlier improvements may be noticed a spacious square of well-built houses, which has been ^formed within the last forty years at the northern extremity of the town. There are a public subscription library, a news-room, a botanical institu- tion, and a mechanics’ library 5 and a medical library has been recently established by John Woodcock, Esq. The woollen trade was introduced in the reign of Ed- ward HI., and increased so as to constitute the staple trade of the town in the reign of . Elizabeth, who sta- tioned one of her alnagers here, to stamp the cloth •, it is still carried on to a considerable extent, and furnishes employment for nearly 4000 persons •, the principal articles manufactured being baize, flannel, coating, blan- kets, &c. The cotton manufacture, improved by the various ingenious inventions of Mr. John Kay and his sons, is also carried on 3 and printing-establishments on VoL. I.~ 441 an e:fctensive scale owe their introduction to the late Sir Robert Peel, Bart., whose works, together with the houses of the workmen, extend along the banks of the river. There are also large bleaching- grounds in the neighbourhood 3 and at Longholme are works for spinning and weaving, in which 300 persons, and a water-mill of twenty-horse power, and a steam-engine of twenty-four horse power, are employed. Coal abounds. A branch of the Manchester and Bolton canal, con- structed in 1791, affords a facility of communication with every part of the kingdom. The market is on Sa- turday 5 and fairs are held on March Sth, May 3rd, and September ISth! An act was passed, in 1839, for pro- viding a market-place, and for regulating the markets and fairs. The town was by the act 2nd of William IV., cap. 45, constituted a borough, with the privilege of sending a member to parliament, the right of election being vested in the £10 householders ; the limits of the borough comprise by estimation 3660 acres 3 the returning officer is appointed by the sheriff. The town is within the jurisdiction of the county magistrates, who hold a meeting every Saturday 5 and petty-sessions for the division are held every alternate Saturday. A court of requests, for the recovery of small debts, was esta- blished in 1839. Courts leet are held in April and Oc- tober, and at Whitsuntide, at which last three constables are appointed, subordinate to whom is a deputy-con- stable, who Kolds his office for life 3 and a court baron is held every third week, for the recovery of debts under 405. At a place named Castle Hill, not far hence, the court for the royal manor of Tottington was anciently held 3 it exercised jurisdiction in capital crimes, a neigh- bouring eminence, called Gallows Hill, having been the place of execution. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £29. 11. 5|. 3 net income, £1937 5 patron, Earl of Derby. The parochial church was taken down, with the exception of the tower, which is sur- mounted by a low spire, and rebuilt in 1776. St. John’s chapel, a neat edifice, was erected in 177O : the living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £159 ^ patron, the Rector, who also presents to the other chapels in the parish. There are meeting-houses for Independents, Primitive Methodists, Wesleyans, New Connexion of Methodists, Presbyterians, and Unitarians, and a Roman Catholic chapel, erected in 1840. The free grammar school was founded, in 1726, by the Rev. Roger Key, who endowed it with estates, now producing yearly about £440 3 it has two exhibitions, of £25 per annum each, to be continued for six years during residence at either of the universities : the premises are handsomely built. A school was founded and endowed, in 1748, by the Hon. and Rev. John Stanley, formerly rector 3 and, in 1815, it was enlarged into a national school, and a spacious building erected, at an expense of £1000. Other schools, in union with the same society, one of which is also partly endowed, have been erected within the last few years. A savings’ bank was established in 1822, and a dispensary in 1829 5 and there is also a lying-in charity. The union of Bury contains a popula- tion of 77 j 496. The Rt. Hon. Sir Robert Peel, Bart.^ was born, in 1788, at Chamber Hall, a mansion in the parish, now the residence of the family of Hardman. Bury confers the title of Viscount on the family of Kep- pel, Earls of Albemarle. 3 L BURY BURY BURY, a hamlet, in the parish of Brompton-Regis, union of Dulverton, hundred of Williton and Free- man ners, W. division of Somerset, miles (E.) from Dulverton. Near this place is an intrenched mount, called Bury Castle, supposed to have been originally a military post of the Romans, on which a mansion, be- longing to the family of Besides, was subsequently erected. BURY, a parish, in the union of Sutton, hundred of Bury, rape of Arundel, W. division of Sussex, 7 miles (S. by E ) from Petworth 5 containing, with the tything of West Burton, 6II inhabitants. This parish, which comprises 3397«. Sr, I8p., is bounded on the east by the river Arun, and on the north by the Rother, and is intersected by the road from London to Bognor and Arundel : an act for inclosing lands was passed in 1841. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 7 . 5. 5. 5 net income, £59 5 patron and im- propriator, Prebendary of Bury, in the Cathedral of Chichester. The tithes have been commuted for £485, and there is a good glebe-house, with about 20 acres of land. The church is an ancient edifice, in the later English style, with a square embattled tower, sur- mounted by a low shingled spire. Arms, BURY-ST. EDMUND’S, a borough and market-town, having exclusive jurisdiction, locally in the hundred of Thingoe, W. division of Suffolk, 26^ miles (N. W. by W.) from Ipswich, and 72 (N. E. by E.) from London 3 containing 12,538 inhabit- ants. This was a place of importance before the intro- duction of Christianity into Britain, and is by some anti- quaries supposed to have been the Villa Faustini of the Romans. That it was in the possession of that people is evident, from the discovery of many Roman anti- quities. Soon after the settlement of the Saxons it was made a royal borough, and called Beodrics worthe, signi- fying the dwelling of Beodric : it subsequently belonged to OfFa, King of East Anglia, who, at his death, be- queathed it to Edmund, afterwards canonized as a martyr, from whom it was named St. Edmund’s Bury. Edmund, having succeeded to the kingdom of East Anglia, on the death of OfFa, was crowned here, in the fifteenth year of his age 5 but, being taken prisoner by the Danes, who in 870 made an irruption into this part of the country, he was cruelly put to death. The cir- cumstances attending his death and burial are thus superstitiously related : on his refusal to become a vas- sal to the conquerors, they bound him to a tree, pierced his body with arrows, and striking off his head, threw it into a neighbouring forest. After the enemy had re- tired, the East Anglians assembled to perform the funeral obsequies to the remains of their sovereign 3 and having found the body, they went into the forest to search for the head, and discovered it between the fore-paws of a wolf, which immediately resigned it on their approach : the head, on being placed in contact with the trunk, is then said to have re-united so closely, that the juncture was scarcely visible. The subject of this fabulous story has been assumed for the device of the corporation seal. 442 Forty days after his death, the remains of Edmund, which had been interred at Hoxne, in a small chapel built of wood, were, from the report of miracles wrought at his tomb being promulgated and believed, removed to this place in 903 3 and a new church was built in honour of him, by some Secular priests, who were in- corporated by King Athelstan, about the year 925, and the establishment made collegiate. The town and church having been nearly destroyed by Sweyn, King of Den- mark, in 1010, were restored by Canute, who raised the town to more than its original splendour, rebuilt the church and monastery, which he endowed with great possessions, and, expelling the Secular canons, placed in their stead monks of the Benedictine order. The monastery of St. Edmund in process of time became one of the most splendid establishments in the kingdom 3 and, in magnificent buildings, costly decorations, valu- able immunities, and rich endowments, was inferior only to that of Glastonbury. In the year 1327, the towns- men and neighbouring villagers, assembling to the num- ber of 20,000, headed by their aldermen and capital burgesses, made a violent attack upon it, and reduced a considerable part to ashes : they wounded the monks, and pillaged the coffers, from which they took the charters, deeds, and other valuable property, including plate, £5000 sterling, and 3000 florins of gold. The king, on being informed of the outrage, sent a military force to quell the tumult 3 the aldermen and twenty- four of the burgesses were imprisoned, and thirty carts loaded with rioters were sent to Norwich. Of these, nineteen were executed 3 thirty- two of the parochial clergy were also convicted as abettors 3 and the inha- bitants were adjudged to pay a fine of £140,000, which was afterwards mitigated on the restoration of the stolen property. The monastery remained in the possession of the Benedictine monks for 5 1 9 years ; it contained within its precincts the churches of St. Margaret, St. Mary, and St. James, and its revenue, at the Dissolution, was £2336. 16. The remains consist chiefly of the abbey- gate, still entire, and displaying some elegant features in the decorated English style 3 the abbey bridge, in good preservation 3 and detached portions of the walls, which still exhibit traces of former magnificence. About the year 1256, a fraternity of the Franciscan order came to Bury, but they were compelled by the abbot to re- move beyond the precincts of the town, where their establishment continued till the Dissolution. Henry I., on his return from Chartres, repaired to the shrine of St. Edmund, where he presented a rich offering, in gratitude for his safe return to his dominions 3 and in 1173, Henry II., having assembled a large army at this place, to oppose his rebellious sons, caused the sacred standard of St. Edmund to be borne in front of his troops 3 and to its influence was ascribed the victory that he obtained over them in the battle of the 27th of October. In 1214, King John was met here by the barons. Henry HI. held a parliament here in 1272, which may be regarded as the outline of a British house of commons 3 and in 1296, Edward I. visited the town, Vvhere he also held a parliament. In 1381, Sir John Cavendish, lord chief justice, was brought hither and beheaded by the Suffolk and Norfolk insurgents, amount- ing to 50,000 men, who afterwards attacked the abbey, executed the prior, Sir John Cambridge, and continued BURY BURY their career of lawless outrage till they were finally dis- persed by the exertions of Spencer, the martial Bishop of Norwich. In 15^6, the dukes of Suffolk and Nor- folk assembled their forces here, to quell a dangerous insurrection of the inhabitants of Lavenham and the adjacent country; and on the death of Edward YL, in 1553, John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, made this place the rendezvous of his forces, when he caused Lady Jane Grey to be proclaimed successor to the throne. In 1555-6, twelve persons were burned at the stake, in the persecutions during the reign of Mary : in 1583, her successor, Elizabeth, visited Bury, where she was magnificently entertained. The TOWN is delightfully situated upon a gentle emi- nence, on the western bank of the river Larke, also called the Bourne, in the centre of an open and richly cultivated tract of country ; the streets are spacious, well paved, and lighted with gas. The houses are in general uniform, and handsomely built, and the inhabit- ants are amply supplied with water; the air is salu- brious, the environs abound with interesting scenery, and the peculiar cleanliness of the town, and the number and variety of its public institutions, render it desirable as a place of residence. The subscription library, formed by the union of two separate establishments, one of which was founded in 1796^ and the other in 1795, contains a valuable collection, and is liberally supported: there ai*e also a news-room, four circulating libraries, a mechanics’ institute, and a billiard-room. The botanic garden, to which the abbey gate forms the principal entrance, is an agreeable promenade, supported by an annual subscription of two guineas from each member. The theatre, a neat building, erected in 1819, is opened during the great fair, by the Norwich company of comedians. Concerts take place occasionally in the old theatre, built in 1780, which has been converted to this use ; and assemblies are held during the season at the subscription- rooms, erected in 1804, and handsomely fitted up. The spinning of yarn was formerly the prin- cipal source of employment for the poor, and the halls in which the wool was deposited are yet standing ; but no particular branch of manufacture is at present carried on. About a mile from the town the river Larke be- comes navigable to Lynn, whence coal and other com- modities are brought hither in small barges. The market days are Wednesday and Saturday, the former for corn, &c., and the latter for meat and poultry. Fairs are held on the Tuesday in Easter- week, for toys. &c. ; Oct. 1st, and Dec. 1st, for horses, cattle, butter, and cheese : the great fair commences on the 10th of Oct., and generally continues about three weeks. The GOVERNMENT, by charter of incorporation granted in the 4th of James 1., and extended in the 6th and 13th of the same reign, and in the 20th of Charles 11., was vested in an aider- man, six assistants, twelve capital burgesses, twenty- four common-councilmen, a recorder, coroner, town- clerk, four serj eants-at-mace, and subordinate officers; but ■Corporation Seal, by the act of the 5th and 6th of William lY., cap, 76., 443 the corporation now consists of a mayor, six aldermen, and eighteen councillors, and the total number of magi- strates is sixteen. The freedom is acquired by appren- ticeship to a freeman and by birth. The borough first received a precept to return representatives to parlia- ment in the 30th of Edward L, but made no subsequent return till the 4th of James I., since which it has con- tinued to send two members. The right of election was formerly vested exclusively in the alderman, burgesses, and common-councilmen ; but, by the act of the 2nd of William lY., cap. 45, it has been extended to the £10 householders of the parishes of St. Mary and St. James, which constitute the borough, and comprise 3000 acres. The mayor is returning officer. The corporation hold courts of session for the trial of capital offenders, under a grant from William lY. ; and a court of record, which embraces all pleas where the cause of action has arisen within the precincts of the borough, and the damages do not exceed £200, is held once a month. Petty-ses- sions occur weekly; and a court for the recovery of debts under 405. is held under the chief steward of the liberty. The assizes for the county and liberty, the latter of which comprises seven hundreds within the county, are held here and at Ipswich alternately, there being always a separate commission for the borough and liberty ; also the general quarter-sessions for a certain district of the county. The shire hall, on the site of the ancient church of St. Margaret, is a neat modern building, con- taining two courts for civil and criminal causes. The guildhall, where the borough courts are held, has a beautiful ancient porch of flint, brick, and stone, on which are sculptured the arms of the borough. The town bridewell, situated on the Hog Hill, was formerly a synagogue ; the circular windows bespeak its antiquity, and it appears, from other parts, to be of Norman origin. The county gaol, erected in 1805, is a spacious building upon the radiating principle, surrounded by a stone wall, inclosing an octagonal area, the diameter of which is 292 feet : the house of correction near the gaol is arranged with a due regard to classification. Bury comprises the parishes of St. Mary and St. James, each containing 6269 inhabitants : the living of each is a donative, the former in the patronage of the Corporation, to whom also the impropriations belong, and the latter in dispute between them and the bishop of Ely; net income of St. Mary’s, £110; and of St. James’, which is commonly called a preachership, £106. The church, dedicated to St. Mary^ and completed about the year 1433, is a spacious and elegant structure, in the later English style, with a low massive tower ; the north door is in the decorated style, and the porch, the roof of which is singularly beautiful, of later date ; on the north side of the altar is a modern tablet of white marble to the memory of Mary Tudor, third daughter of Henry YII., wife of Louis XII. of France, and after- wards of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. The church of St. James is a large and handsome edifice, in the later style of English architecture, of which the western end is a rich and beautiful specimen ; the church gate, lead- ing to the precinct of the abbey, is surmounted by a fine Norman tower. A district church has been erected in the parish of St. James, the patronage of which is vested in the bishop of Ely. There are places of worship for Independents, Baptists, the Society of Friends, Method- ists, ’Unitarians,' and Roman Catholics. The grammar 3 L 2 BURY B U S B school, founded by Edward VI., in the fourth year of his reign, and placed under the control of 16 governors, is open to the sons of inhabitants, upon the payment of two guineas entrance, and the same sum per annum, if taught Latin and Greeks the annual income is £411. 15. The school has four exhibitions, tenable for four years, of the annual value of £^0 each, founded by Edward Hewer in the 1 1th of Elizabeth ; two others, of the value of £25 each, founded by Dean Sudbury, in 1670, to either of the Universities ; a scholarship at Corpus Christi, and another at Jesus’ College, Cambridge. The residue of the funds of Dean Sudbury’s bequest, which amount in the aggregate to £154 per annum, is applied in apprenticing four children. A new school-house has been erected, over the entrance to which is a bust of the founder, with an appropriate inscription. A school of industry for girls is supported by subscription j besides which are national and other schools. The feoffees of the Guildhall estates hold in trust, for charitable uses, buildings, lands, and rent-charges, pro- ducing an annual income of £2038 : a part of these estates was given by John Smyth, Esq., an inhabitant and a great benefactor to the town. The affairs have recently been in chancery, and in 1842, a new distribu- tion of the funds was ordered to be made. Clopton’s asylum was founded for the support of six aged widow- ers, and the same number of widows, in 1730, by Poley Clopton, M.D., who endowed it with property producing £730 per annum ^ it is a neat brick building, with pro- jecting wings, having the arms of the founder over the entrance in the centre. John Sutton, in 1696, gave £32 per annum towards the maintenance of twelve poor religious men, and a rent-charge of £30 for maintaining six boys at the grammar school 3 but, part of the pro- perty having been lost, the latter part of the testator’s will has not been carried into effect. Dorothy Calthorpe, in 1693, gave £500, directing the interest to be applied in apprenticing poor boj^s. In 17O8, Jacob Johnson de- vised three houses and a rent-charge of £36 for lodging and clothing three widows, and for clothing eight men and eight women in addition, and apprenticing two boys 3 and two women of Bury are lodged, and receive £5 per annum, under Sir Robert Drury’s charity. The rental of land given by William Cooke, in 1709, amounting to about £16, is applied in clothing four poor men. Sir John James, in 1740, bequeathed £1000, which was in- vested in Old South Sea annuities, and the dividends, amounting to £30, are paid for advice and medicine supplied to the poor. In 1769, Mrs. Chamberlayne and the Rev. A. Upcher gave, by indenture, £2000, in- vested in the three per cent, consols., and yielding a dividend of £68. 9. 4., which is distributed among 68 poor women. Mrs. Green, in 1814, gave £600, invested in the funds, of which the interest is distributed among 24 women, seventy years of age 5 and £500 invested in the three per cent, consols., for coal to the inmates of the almshouses. There are also minor charities, amount- ing in the whole to about £50 per annum, distributed among the poor. The Suffolk general hospital, esta- blished in 1825, and supported by subscription, was originally built by government for an ordnance dep6t, but was afterwards purchased and converted to its present use. Near the north gate, on the road to Thetford, are the ruins of St, Saviour’s hospital, founded in the reign of 444 King John, with an income of 153 marks, where the ‘^good” Duke of Gloucester is believed to have been murdered. A little beyond it stood St. Thomas’ hospital and chapel, now a private dwelling 3 and about half a mile distant may be traced the site of the old priory. Various other ruins connected with the abbey and its early history are visible. Many minor institutions were dependent on it, of which there are not at present any remains : among these may be noticed a college of priests, dedicated to the Holy Name of Jesus, founded in the reign of Edward IV., suppressed in that of Edward VI. 3 an hospital, dedicated to St. John, estab- lished by one of the abbots in the reign of Edward I. * an hospital, dedicated to St. Nicholas, founded also by an abbot of St. Edmund’s, the revenue of which, at the Dissolution, was £6. 19. 11. j and St. Peter’s hospital, instituted in the latter part of the reign of Henry I., or the beginning of that of Stephen, the revenue of which; at the Dissolution, was £10. 18. 11. Sir Nicholas Bacon, Bishops Gardiner and Pretyman, and Dr. Blom- field, the present Bishop of London, were born at this place. BURYTHORP {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Malton, wapentake of Buckrose, E. riding of York, 4 miles (S.) from New Malton 5 containing 226 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the road from Malton to Pocklington, and at the base of the Yorkshire w olds, and comprises about 1200 acres, of which two- thirds are arable, and the remainder meadow, pasture, and woodland 3 the surface is hilly, the soil various, and in general good, and the scenery in many situations very beautiful. Stone is quarried for burning into lime, and for the roads. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. I6. 3., and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for £264. 9. 9., and the glebe comprises 25 acres. The church is an ancient edifice, with substantial buttresses. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans 3 and a paro- chial school is supported by subscription. In I768, Francis Consith died here, at the extraordinary age of 150. BUSBY, GREAT, a towmship, in the parish and union of Stokesley, W. division of the liberty of Langbaxjrgh, N. riding of York, 2^ miles (S.) from Stokesley 3 containing 114 inhabitants. The manor of this place, which was ancient demesne of the crown, w^as granted by the Conqueror to Robert de Brus, of Skelton Castle, and his descendants continued lords till the death of Peter de Brus, the foui'th, without issue, when the lands came to the family of de Roos, w^ho held of the king in capite. Among the other principal pro- prietors in former times, occur the family of de Mowbray, and the monks of Rivaulx and of Fountains. The towm- ship is situated a little to the south-west of the road from Stokesley to Thirsk, and comprises, with Little Busby, formerly united with it, 2090 acres of land. The tithes have been commuted for £201. BUSBY, LITTLE, a township, in the parish and union of Stokesley, W. division of the liberty of Lang- BAiJRGH, N. riding of York, 2| miles (S.) from Stokes- ley 3 containing 34 inhabitants. It is a small hamlet, distant about a mile from the village of Great Busby, and contains Busby Hall, a handsome stone mansion, occupying a commanding eminence. The tithes have been commuted for £73. BUSH BUTE BUSCOT, or Bxjrwascot (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Farringdon, hundred of Shrivenham, county of Berks, 1^ mile (S. by E.) from Lechlade containing 405 inhabitants, and comprising 2684a. 2r. 3 Ip. Buscot Park House, beautifully situated on the hank of the Thames, was built, in 1781, by Pryse Loveden, Esq., prior to which the family mansion of the Lovedens was near the church. Mr. Loveden took the name of Pryse, on coming into possession of pro- perty in Wales, as heir to his maternal grandfather. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £21. 2. S|., and in the patronage of Pryse Pryse, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £535, and the glebe consists of 64 acres. BUSHBURY (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Penkrfdge, partly in the E. division of the hundred of CuTTLESTONE, and partly in the N. division of that of Seisdon, S. division of the county of Stafford, 2f miles (N. by E.) from Wolverhampton j containing, with the township of Essington, and the hamlet of - Moseley, 1509 inhabitants. This parish, situated on the road from Wolverhampton to Liverpool and Man- chester, comprises 6400 acres, of which 2950 are in the township of Essington : it abounds with coal, which is extensively wrought, and for the conveyance of the pro- duce facility is afforded by the Staffordshire and Wor- cestershire canal, and the Grand Junction railway, which pass through the parish. Moseley Hall, then the resi- dence of Thomas Whitgreave, to whom there is a marble tablet in the church, was the place of temporary con- cealment for Charles II., when on his way to Bentley. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 11. 5^., and in the patronage of the Land- owners net income, £159. The church was built about the year 1460, and some years ago was repaired and enlarged. A parochial school is supported by subscrip- tion. BUSHBY, a hamlet, in the parish of Thdrnby, union of Billesdon, hundred of Gartree, S. division of the county of Leicester, miles (E. by S.) from Leicester j containing 86 inhabitants. BUSHEY (St. James), a parish, in the union of Watford, hundred of Dacorum, though locally in the hundred of Cashio, or liberty of St. Alban’s, county of Hertford, 1 J mile (S. E.) from W'atford 3 containing 2675 inhabitants. This place appears to have attained some importance at an early period ; and in the third of Edward L, David de Jarpanville, in answer to a writ of quo warranto, issued by that monarch, claimed the pri- vilege of holding a market here. The parish comprises 2952 acres, of which 970 are arable, and nearly all the rest meadow and pasture ; it is intersected by the Lon- don and Birmingham railway, which passes within a mile of the church. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £18. 2. 1., and in the patronage of Exeter College, Oxford : the tithes have been commuted for £765, and the glebe contains 35 acres, with a house. At Bushey Heath, an additional church, consecrated in June, 1837, has been erected by subscription, aided by a grant from the Incorporated Society : it is a handsome edifice, in the early English style, containing 400 sit- tings, of which 200 are free. A national school is sup- ported by subscription. BUSHLEY (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Upton-upon-Severn, Lower division of the hundred of 445 Pershore, Upton and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, mile (N. W.) from Tewkesbury; con- taining 334 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the river Severn, by which it is bounded on the east, and which, on the opposite bank, receives the waters of the Avon, a little above Tewkesbury, in the county of Glou- cester; it comprises by admeasurement 17OO acres, more than two-thirds of which consist of pasture and orchards. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £58 ; patron and impropriator, J. E. Dowdeswell, Esq. A small charity school is supported by the Dowdeswell family. BUSLINGTHORPE, a parish, in the union of Caistor, wapentake of Lawress, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 4 miles (S. W. by S.) from Market- Rasen ; containing 50 inhabitants. The living is a dis- charged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £2, and in the patronage of the Governors of the Charter-house, London : the tithes have been commuted for £235. BUSTABECK, a township, in the parish of Castle- SowERBY, union of Penrith, Leith ward, E. division of Cumberland, A\ miles (N. E.) from Hesket-New- market ; containing 249 inhabitants. BUSTON, HIGH, a township, in the parish of Warkworth, union of Alnwick, E. division of Co- ciUETDALE Ward, N. division of Northumberland, 4f miles (S. E.) from Alnwick; containing 100 inhabitants. It is bounded on the east by the German Ocean, and comprises 69O acres, of which 350 belong to the duke of Northumberland; 257 to G. J. Forster, Esq. ; and 85, with a mansion-house, commanding fine and extensive land and sea views, to Roger Buston, Esq., whose family has resided here for centuries past. Of the soil, which is rich, two-thirds are arable, and the remainder pasture ; the surface is undulated, and an excellent beach affords every facility for bathing. The tithes have been commuted for £102. 5. 2., of which £78. 8. 8. are payable to the bishop of Carlisle, and £23. I6. 6. to the vicar of the parish. BUSTON, LOW, a township, in the parish of Warkworth, union of Alnwick, E. division of Co- quetdale ward, N. division of Northumberland, 5 miles (S. E. by S.) from Alnwick ; containing 115 in- habitants. It is situated to the north of the river Coquet, and at some little distance to the east is the North Sea. Buston Yale, a neat mansion, is situated near the Buston burn. The tithes have been commuted for £215. 2. 6., of which £143. 18. 5. are payable to the bishop of Carlisle, and £71. 4. 1. to the vicar. BUTCOMBE (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Axbridge, hundred of Hartcliffe with Bedmin- STER, E. division of Somerset, 9 miles (S. S. W.) from Bristol ; containing 256 inhabitants. It abounds in iron-stone, which is sent to Bristol, and there shipped to Wales, The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s 'books at £6. I7. 10. ; net income, £248 ; patron and incumbent. Rev. George John Sayce. The church is a very old structure. A singular barrow, 150 feet in length from north to south, and 7»^ breadth from east to west, was opened in 1788, and exhibited an entire specimen of a w^ell-arranged family vault, in which were found skulls and other fragments of human bones. BUTELAND, with Broomhope, a township, in the parochial chapelry of Birtley, union of Bellingham, BUTS BUTT N. E. division of Tindale ward, S. division of North- umberland, miles (E. by S.) from Bellingham ; containing 145 inhabitants. The township is connected with Birtley in ecclesiastical matters, and in civil affairs with the parish of Chollerton, from which Birtley was separated in 1765. The North Tyne river flows at a short distance from the hamlet on the west. An exten- sive farm here belongs to Greenwich Hospital. BUTLEIGH {St. Leonard), a parish, in the nnion of Wells, hundred of Whitley, W. division of Somer- set, 4^ miles (S. S. E.) from Glastonbury ; containing, with the hamlet of Wootton-Biitleigh, 872 inhabitants. The manor anciently belonged to the abbots of Glaston- bury, who had a park here. The parish is bounded on the north-east by the river Brue, and comprises by mea- surement 46.70 acres : blue lias, which is used for paving and for building purposes, is quarried to a considerable extent. The living is a vicarage, with Baltonsborough annexed, valued in the king’s books at £12. 6. 8.; net income, £380 ; patron, Hon. and Rev. G. Neville Gren- ville ; impropriators, C. Neville Grenville, Esq., and the Saunders family. The church is a handsome structure, in the decorated English style, with a central tower, and contains monuments to the Right Hon. James Grenville, James Grenville, Baron Glastonbury, General Richard Grenville, Sir Samuel Hood, Capt. Alexander Hood, and several lords of the manor. Schools, in con- nexion with the Church, are supported by subscription ; and the interest of £500 three per cents., bequeathed by Gen. Grenville, is divided among the poor. Admirals Vkcounts Hood and Bridport were natives of the parish. There is a chalybeate spring, but in disuse. BUTLEY, a township, in the parish of Prestbury, union and hundred of Macclesfield, N. division of the county of Chester, 2-| miles (N. by W.) from Mac- clesfield ; containing 602 inhabitants. At the time of the Norman survey, this place, then the property of Ulluric, a Saxon free-man, was exempted, and is consequently unnoticed in Domesday book, a mark of clemency which the owner probably acquired by some signal service to the Conqueror. The .manufacture of silk is carried on to some extent. There is a place of worship for Wes- Jeyans, with a school attached. Some tumuli were dis- covered in the vicinity a few years since. This is the birthplace of Thomas Newton, a distinguished writer in the sixteenth century. BUTLEY {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Plomesgate, partly in the hundred of Plomes- gate, but chiefly in that of Loes, E. division of Suf- folk, 7i miles (E. by N.) from Woodbridge ; containing <364 inhabitants. It is bounded on the east by a branch of the river Ore, called Butley Creek or Eye, over which are two ferries to Orford. The living is a perpetual curacy, with Capel ; net income, £85 ; patrons and im- propriators, Trustees of P. Thellusson, Esq. A priory of Black canons, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, was founded, in 1171, by Ranulph de Glanvill, a celebrated lawyer, and afterwards justiciary of England : the re- venue, at the Dissolution, was £318. 17. 2. There are only some trifling remains of the buildings of the abbey, but the gate-house is still in good preservation. BUTSFIELD, a township, in the parish and union of Lanchester, W. division of Chester ward, N. divi- sion of the county of Durham, 11 miles (W. by N.) from Durham ; containing 252 inhabitants. Two Roman 446 aqueducts, for supplying the station at Lanchester, may be traced in the neighbourhood, particularly in the grounds belonging to Thomas White, Esq., who, on the .inclosure of the common lands, in 1773, purchased a part which was sold to defray the expense incurred in carrying the act of parliament into effect, and out of a barren waste has succeeded in raising, in the course of a few years, the thriving and well-planted estate of Wood- lands. Mr. White has also built a good mansion-house, laid out pleasure-grounds and gardens, and made the neglected waters of the aqueducts supply his fish- ponds and reservoirs. A schoolis supported partly by an annuity of £5 from the trustees of Lord Crew^e’s charity. BUTTER-BUMP, a hamlet, in the parish of Wil- loughby, union of Spilsby, Wold division of the hun- dred of Calceworth, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln ; containing 3 inhabitants. BUTTER-CRAMBE, a chapelry, in the parish of Bossall, union of York, wapentake of Bulmer, N. rid- ing of the county of York, 9| miles (N. E. by E.) from York. The chapelry comprises by computation 1500 acres, of which the soil is very productive, and the scenery pleasing and picturesque. The village is plea- santly situated on the western bank of the navigable river Derwent, which is crossed by a stone bridge j and in the vicinity is Aldby Park, the seat of Henry Darley, Esq., proprietor of the soil, and which was originally the site of a Roman station, and subsequently that of a royal Saxon ville, once the summer retreat of Edwin the Great, and where that prince was assaulted by an assas- sin, whom Quichelm, King of the West Saxons, one of Edwin’s secret enemies, had suborned to murder him. The ruffian met the prince at Aldby, and praying an audience, which was immediately granted, and pretend- ing secret business, took him a little aside from his attendants, when, drawing a two-edged poisoned wea- pon, he struck with such force and determination that he wounded his intended victim through the body of a guardsman, named Lilia, who had perceived his design, and had thrown himself before the prince to intercept the stroke : the assassin was cut to pieces by the en- raged courtiers, but not before he had, in his desperation, slain another knight of the guards, named Forther. The present .mansion is a large and handsome quadrangular building of brick, ornamented with stone dressings, and beautifully situated in grounds richly wooded. The chapel is a small plain edifice. In the park and on the banks of the Derw^ent are vestiges of the Saxon ville ; and those of an old castle, erected on an eminence, were visible in Camden’s time. BUTTE RL AW, a township, in the parish of New- burn, union and W. division of Castle ward, S. divi- sion of Northumberland, 6^ miles (N. W. by W.) from Newcastle ; containing 16 inhabitants. It com- prises about 240 acres, and contains a few cottages only, and is the property of the duke of Northumberland. BUTTERLEIGH, a parish, in the union of Tiver- ton, forming a detached portion of the hundred of Cliston, locally in the hundred of Hayridge, Cul- lompton and S. divisions of Devon, 3j miles (S. E. by S.) from Tiverton; containing 155 inhabitants. It is situated on the old road from Tiverton to Exeter, and comprises about 450 acres by computation. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 8. 8., and in the patronage of the Crown : the B U T T BUTT thes have been commuted for £85;, and the glebe com- ?ises 69 acres. The church is a heat substantial lifice. BUTTERLEY, a hamlet, in the township of Ripley, arish of Pentrich, union of Belper, hundred of Mor- ESTON and Litchurch, S. division of the county of >ERBY, 3 miles (S;) from Alfreton. Here are extensive on-works, belonging to a company formed in 179^2, and reducing all the heavier articles in cast-iron, and ma- binery of various kinds : the ore and coal are conveyed ) the spot by railways, and by the Cromford canal, hich, by means of a tunnel, 2966 yards in length, asses under the works. BUTTERLEY, a township, in the parish of Edwin^ Lalph, union of Bromyard, hundred of Wolphy, lough locally in the hundred of Broxash, county of [ereford, 34 miles (N. W. by N.) from Bromyard. BUTTERMERE, a chapelry, in the parish of Brig- rAM, union of Cockermouth, Allerdale ward above )erwent, W. division of Cumberland, 8^ miles (S. W. ly W.) from Keswick 3 containing 84 inhabitants. The illage lies in a deep winding valley, environed by high ocky mountains, between the lake of Buttermere, noted or its char, and Crummock water, and in a district elebrated for picturesque and romantic beauty. Mines >f lead and copper were formerly worked in the moun- ains 5 and many labourers are still occupied in the ixtensive quarries of fine blue slate in Honister Crag. Phe living is a perpetual curacy 5 net- income, £56 5 )atron and impropriator, Earl of Lonsdale. The chapel s a neat edifice, of modern construction. BUTTERMERE (St. James) ^ a parish^ in the union if Hungerford, hundred of Kinwardstone, Everley nd Pewsey, and S. divisions of Wilts, 6:^ miles (S.) rom Hungerford containing 130 inhabitants. The iving is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10, ind in the patronage of the Bishop of Winchester : the ithes have been commuted for £298. 10. BUTTERSHAW, a hamlet, in the chapelry of Wib- 3EY, township of North Bierley, parish and union of Bradford, wapentake of Morley, W. riding of York, 5 miles (W.) from Bradford. This place is situated in a listrict abounding with coal, and in the neighbourhood df the extensive iron- works of Low Moor, in which the inhabitants are chiefiy employed. The surface, for a wide extent, is covered with vast heaps of shale and the refuse of the mines, and has a dreary and sterile ispeet^ but in some parts is enlivened with verdure, md pleasingly diversified. A church was erected in 1840. — See Wibsey. BUTTERTON, a township, in the parish of Trent- HAM, union of Stone, N, division of the hundred of Pi REHILL, and of the county of Stafford 5 containing 56 inhabitants. BUTTERTON, a chapelry, in the parish of May- field, S. division of the hundred of Totmonslow, N. division of the county of Stafford, 7 miles (E.) from Leek; containing 388 inhabitants. The river Manifold runs through the district, which comprises by computa- tion 1306 acres ; limestone is quarried, and a small quantity of gritstone ; and a lead -mine is in operation. Portions* of copper-ore, stalactites, fossil shells, and an ore called by the miners brown end,” convertible into zinc, are found ^ and there is a mineral spring strongly impregnated with sulphur. The living is a perpetual 447 curacy; net income, £90 j patron,. Vicar of Mayfield; impropriator, Duke of Devonshire. The chapel, whicR iS‘ a neat stone edifice with a tower, was, rebuilt in 1780. William. Mellor, in 1754, bequeathed property now produ- cing £16 a year, for which children are taught to read. BUTTERWIGK, a tything, in the parish of Folke, union and! hundred of Sherborne, Sherborne division of Dorset, 5 miles (S. E. by S.) from Sherborne. BUTTERWIGK, a township, in the parish and union of Sedgefield, N. E. division of Stockton ward, S.. division of the county of Durham, 11 miles (S. E.) from Durham j containing 5 1 inhabitants. This place, formerly belonged to the see of Durham, and in the 13th century was granted by Bishop Nicholson,, under the. designation of Buterwyk, to the family of Sadberge ; from them the estate passed to the Hotons, and among subsequent owners occur the families of Belasyse, Yong, Baynbrigg, and Salvin. The chantry of St. Katherine in the church of Sedgefield, also had land here, which was. attached to it at the period of the Dissolution. The estate of Oldacres was the property of the late Robert Spearman, Esq., whose father purchased it from the Butlers, to whom it had been given by the crown.. The township comprises 1495 acres. The tithes have been commuted for £113. 11. 8. BUTTERWIGK (St. Andrew), a. parish, in the. union of Boston, wapentake of Skirbeck, parts of Holland, county of Lincoln, 1 mile (N. N. E.) from Bennington ; containing 579 inhabitants. It is situated on the road between Boston and Wainfleet, and com- prises 1766«.- 26^. The living is a discharged vicarage, united in 1751 to that of Frieston, and valued in the king’s books at £8. 4. 2. : the tithes have been com- muted for land. There is a place of worship for Wes- leyans. A grammar school was endow^ed in 1665, by the Rev. Joshua Pinchbeck, with the rent of 130 acres of land, now valued at £280 per annum ; besides which there are various minor sums for the poor. BUTTERWIGK, a chapelry, in the parish of Fox- holes, union of Driffield, wapentake of Dickering^ E. riding of York, lOj miles (N. by W.) from Great Driffield 3 containing 100 inhabitants. It comprises about 1645 acres, of which 1470 are arable, 95 grass,, and 80 plantations : the village, which is neat, is situated on the banks of a small rivulet. The living is a per- petual curacy j net income, £47 ; patron. Rector of Foxholes. The tithes were commuted for land in 1771- In the church, which is a small ancient edifice,, is a Kuight Templar’s monument at full length. BUTTERWIGK, a township, in the parish of Bar- ton- le-Street, union of Malton, wapentake, of Rye.- dale, N. riding of York, 6 miles (N. W.) from New Malton 3 containing 64 inhabitants. It is situated on the river Rye, and comprises about 500 acres of land. The tithes have been commuted for £150, and there is^ a glebe of 8 acres^ BUTTERWIGK, EAST, a township, in the parishes of Bottesford and Messingham, union of Gland- ford-Brigg, E. division of the wapentake of Manley, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, lOf miles (W.) from Glandford-Brigg 3 containing 3.78 inhabitants. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BUTTERWIGK, WEST, a chapelry, in the parish of Owston, union of Gainsborough, W. division of the wapentake of Manley, parts of Lindsey, county^ of B U X T B U X T Lincoln, 4^ miles (E. N. E.) from Epworth 5 containing, with the hamlet of Kelfield, 865 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £80 j patron, Vicar of Owston. The chapel is dedicated to St. Mary. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. BUTTE RWORTH, a township, in the parish and union of Rochdale, hundred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 4^ miles (E.) from Roch- dale ; containing 5088 inhabitants. A school at Milnrow, in the township, was built by Alexander Butterworth, about 1720, and endowed with a rent-charge of £20, by R. G. Townley, Esq. A school at Hollingworth is en- dowed with an estate producing £26 a year, and ano- ther at Ogden with one yielding a rent of £54, both devised by John Hill, in 1727. BUTTOLPHS, a parish, in the union and hundred of Steyning, rape of Bramber, W. division of Sussex, mile (S. E.) from Steyning 5 containing 48 inhabit- ants. The parish is bounded on the east by the navig- able river Adur 3 and the Roman road from Bognor to Lewes probably passed near it. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, united to the rectory of Bramber : the church is an ancient edifice, with a low embattled tower, and consisted formerly of a nave, chancel, and north aisle, which last was divided from the nave by arches, now filled up. About 1830 a considerable number of Roman bricks, tiles, and pottery, was discovered by the plough, on the downs. BUTTSBURY {St. Mary)^ a parish, in the union and hundred of Chelmsford, S. division of Essex, 7 miles (S. W. by S.) from Chelmsford 3 containing 521 inhabitants. At the time of the Norman survey, the lands were the property of Henry de Ferrers 3 at present not less than seven manors are either wholly or partly within the limits of the parish. The living is a perpe- tual curacy, annexed to the I’cctory of Ingatestone : the impropriate tithes have been commuted for £323. 6. S., and a rent-charge of £6. 13. 4. is paid to the priest and paupers of Gyng Petre 3 the glebe consists of 8 acres. The church is a small ancient building, with a square tower of stone, surmounted by a shingled spire. BUXHALL {St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Stow, W. division of Suffolk, 3^ miles (W. by S.) from Stow-Market 3 containing 533 inhabit- ants. It is situated on the river Gipping, and com- prises about 2249 acres, the surface of which is mode- rately undulated, and the soil a stiff, rich, fertile clay. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £20. 0. 5., and in the patronage of the Rev. Henry Coppinger Hill : the tithes have been commuted for £668, and the glebe comprises 39 acres. The church is a spacious and handsome structure, in the decorated English style, with a square embattled tower : there are some remains of ancient stained glass in the windows, and in the chancel are some memorials of the Hill family. A school is supported by subscription. BUXLOW, formerly a chapelry, now a hamlet, in the parish of Knodishall, union and hundred of Blything, E. division of Suffolk, 2^ miles (S. E.) from Saxmundham. The chapel, now in ruins, was dedicated to St. Peter. Buxlow was annexed to the parish of Knodishall, in 1721. BUXTED {St. Margaret), a parish, in the union of Uckfield, hundred of Loxfield-Dorset, rape of Pevensey, E. division of Sussex, if mile (N. N. E.) 448 from Uckfield 3 containing 1574 inhabitants. This pa- rish, situated on the road from Lewes to Tonbridge- Wells, abounds with sandstone and iron-stone 3 and it is said that the first pieces of ordnance cast in England were produced here. Buxted Park, the seat of the Earl of Liverpool, is an elegant mansion, in an ample and richly-wooded demesne. The living is a rectory, with Uckfield annexed, valued in the king’s books at £ 37 . 5. 2^., and in the gift of the Archbishop of Can- terbury : the tithes of Buxted have been commuted for £ 960 , and there is a glebe of 50 acres. The church, beautifully situated within the grounds of the park, is a spacious and venerable structure, in the decorated Eng- lish style, with a square embattled tower, surmounted by a lofty spire. A district church was erected at Hadlow Down, in 1836. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans ; and a national school is supported by subscription. Dr. Saunders, Rector of Buxted, in 1719, bequeathed land, now producing £70 per annum, for the establishment of a free school at Uckfield, for six boys of this parish and six of Uckfield 3 and he also left land, now worth £12 per annum, for the instruction of girls. Sir Henry Fermor, in 1732, bequeathed £3000 for maintaining a chaplain, and for educating and clothing ten poor children of this place, and thirty of Rotherfield, in which latter parish he erected a chapel, with suitable school buildings at Howborough. The successors of Dr. Saunders in the benefice have been eminently distinguished for their talents, of whom may be noticed the Rev. William Clarke, author of a work on the connexion of the Roman, Saxon, and English coins, and his son Edward, who published Letters con- cerning the Russian Nation,” and other productions, and who was interred here : the late rector was Dr. George D’Oyly, and the present is Dr. Wordsworth. That cele- brated scholar. Dr. W. Wotton, father-in-law of the Rev. William Clarke, lies interred in the churchyard ; and the accomplished and intrepid traveller. Dr. E. D. Clarke, was born, and passed his boyhood, in the par- sonage-house. There are several chalybeate springs. BUXTON, a market-town and chapelry, in the pa- rish of Bakewell, union of Chapel-en-le-Frith, hun- dred of High Peak, N. division of the county of Derby, 33 miles (N. W.) from Derby, and 159 (N. W. by N.) from London, on the high road from Derby to Manches- ter 3 containing 1569 inhabitants. Antiquaries agree in considering this to have been a Roman station, although they have not been able to ascertain its name. The place was subsequently called Bawkestanes, supposed to be a corruption of Bathanstanes, signifying the bath stones 3 and one of the Roman roads still retains the appellation Bathorn-gate. The Romans, attracted by the tempera- ture of the waters, constructed a bath, the wall of which, covered with red cement, and other parts, are still re- maining 3 and several Roman coins have been disco- vered. Near this spot two great military roads inter- sected, one connecting Little Chester and Manchester, and the other leading, from Middlewich to Brough, and thence to York and Aldborough, at which places respec- tively were stations of considerable importance. The TOWN is situated near the source of the small river Wye, in a valley surrounded by bleak elevated tracts of moor- land 3 but several plantations have been formed on the adjacent eminences, which, with other improvements, will materially alter the appearance of the immediate B YKE B YL A sion of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of the Tyne arid the Ouse burn, a small stream runnii Durham, 4 miles (N. N. E.) from Bishop- Auckland j into that river, and partly bounding the township, ai containing 489 inhabitants. It was anciently a part of partly intersecting it on the west , and immediate the possessions of the family of Neville. The Byers- behind those low shores, the lands attain a consideral Green branch of the Clarence railway diverges from the elevation, and present fine views of the town of Ne' Durham Branch at Ferry Hill, about 6 miles distant, castle, the course of the Tyne, with its banks, as far and terminates at this place. A district church is about the east as the sea, and of Northumberland as far to be built, and endowed by the Bishop of Durham, for the Cheviot hills to the north. The soil is chiefly the townships of Byers- Green and Newfield. There is bright clay, and of moderate quality, but yet producti a school on the national system. from good manure. Sandstone is quarried, which BYFIELD {Holy Cross), a parish, in the union of well adapted for large works j some of it is shipped Daventry, hundred of Chipping-Warden, S. division London, and much is being used in the handsome m of the county of Northampton, 7i miles (S. W. by S.) quay and other works undertaken by the corporation from Daventry j containing 1079 inhabitants. The Newcastle. There are three or four coal-mines work parish is situated on the borders of Warwickshire, under the surface of the soil, though there are few pii which partly bounds it on the north ; and consists of these being sunk in the adjoining townships : the shj 2962a. I6p., the surface being generally level, and the of one of the mines is on the south bank of the Tyi soil of full average fertility : it is crossed from south to so that the works extend below the entire bed of t north, by the road from Banbury to Daventry. The river, and coal is dug beneath the lands of Byker at living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £28 5 distance of a mile and a half from the shaft. Amo] net income, £917 5 patrons, President and Fellows of the manufactories, which are very numerous, are pc Corpus Christi College, Oxford : the tithes were com- teries for brown and common, and blue and white, wai muted for land and a money payment in 1778. crown and bottle glass-works, cinder and coke kilr BYFLEET {St, Mary), a parish, in the union of foundries, chain and other iron works, soap-manufs Che RTSEY, First division of the hundred of Godley, tories, white-lead and colour establishments, flour-mil W. division of Surrey, 3 miles (W. N. W.) from Cob- saw-mills, a considerable flax-mill, fire-brick worfe ham 5 containing 672 inhabitants. The manor was pre- alkali -works, and rope-walks 5 and on the banks of t sented by Edward II. to his favourite. Piers de Gave- river are large timber, ship, and boat building yarc ston. The river Wey, and the Guildford canal, pass Of these manufactures an extensive export trade through the parish, and the London and South-Western carried on, and the pottery- ware is much esteemed railway very near it : it contains by measurement 2034 the north of Europe while the India vessels, built acres, the soil of which is sandy. The living is a rectory, St. Peter’s dock by Messrs. Smith, are among the fine valued in the king’s books at £9. 11. 8., and in the specimens of our commercial marine. A handsor patronage of the Crown ; net income, £187. An old church is about to be erected, as a chapel of ease to I mansion, called Byfleet Park, at present adarm-house. Saints, Newcastle 5 for which purpose a subscript^ was built by Edward the Black Prince ; and at this has been opened, already aided by grants from the I place Henry YHI. was nursed. corporated Society and the Church Building Commi BYFORD {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the sioners 5 and Sir M. W. Ridley, Bart., has given a sii union of Weobly, hundred of Grimsworth, county of nearly in the centre of the township. There are s Hereford, 7§ miles (W. N. W.) from Hereford •, con- places of wwship, nearly all belonging to the differe taining 236 inhabitants. The parish comprises 873a. Methodist connexions ^ and six schools, chiefly for t Ir. 14p., of which about 175 acres are arable, 647 pas- children of dissenters, and some dames’ schools, ture, and 50 woodland : it is intersected by the river self-supporting dispensary, aided by subscription, h Wye and the road from Hereford to Hay. The living *been established. is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 1. 8., BYLAND-ABBEY, a township, in the parish and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have Coxwold, union of Helmsley, wapentake of Bir been commuted for £182, and there is a glebe of 32j forth, N. riding of York, 7 miles (S. W. by W.) fro acres, with a house. Helmsley • containing 97 inhabitants. The townsh BYGRAVE, a parish, in the union of Hitchin, comprises 1527a. 3r. 30p., of which 444 acres are arab' hundred of Odsey, county of Hertford, 2 miles (N. E. 414 meadow and pasture, and 669 wood, water, ai by N.) from Baldock 3 containing 154 inhabitants. It common. A monastery and church were founded hei comprises by computation 1620 acres, about 100 of in 1177^ by the abbot and monks of Furness, in La which are pasture. The living is a rectory, valued in cashire, who, having been disturbed by the Scots, fli the king’s books at £17. 9. 7. 5 net income, £377 } to this part of the country, and were well received 1 patron. Marquess of Salisbury. Roger de Mowbray, at Thirsk Castle, who assigns BYKER, a township, in the parish of All Saints, lands at Byland for their support : at the Dissolute Newcastle-upon-Tyne, union of Newcastle, E. divi- the revenue was estimated at £238. 9. 4. Of the abbe sion of Castle ward, S. division of Northumberland, which was a magnificent structure, the western fro Ij mile (E.) from Newcastle 3 containing 6024 inhabit- and other parts yet remain, in a high state of preserv ants. This place, which is situated on the north bank tion, and aiford a beautiful specimen of early Englij of the Tyne, and forms the easternmost part of the architecture t on the removal of a quantity of rubbi: parish, comprises about 636 acres, nearly equally divided in the year 1818 was found a stone coffin, containing between arable and pasture, with upwards of 100 acres perfect skeleton, conjectured to be that of Roger ( occupied by houses, manufactories, and yards for vari- Mowbray 3 and at the same time fragments of a bea ous uses. The surface is low ground on the shores pf tiful tessellated pavement were also discovered, 450 / ^ B YKE B YL A sion of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Durham, 4 miles (N. N. E.) from Bishop-Auckland 5 containing 489 inhabitants. It was anciently a part of the possessions of the family of Neville. The Byers- Green branch of the Clarence railway diverges from the Durham Branch at Ferry Hill, about 6 miles distant, and terminates at this place. A district church is about to be built, and endowed by the Bishop of Durham, for the townships of Byers- Green and Newfield. There is a school on the national system. BYFIELD (Holy Cross), a parish, in the union of Dayentry, hundred of Chipping-Warden, S. division of the county of Northampton, miles (S. W. by S.) from Daventry ; containing 1079 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the borders of Warwickshire, which partly bounds it on the north ; and consists of 2962a. \6p., the surface being generally level, and the soil of full average fertility : it is crossed from south to north, by the road from Banbury to Daventry. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £28 3 net income, £917 ; iiatrons. President and Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Oxford : the tithes were com- muted for land and a money payment in 1778. BYFLEET {St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Chertsey, First division of the hundred of Godley, W. division of Surrey, 3 miles (W. N. W.) from Cob- ham 5 containing 672 inhabitants. The manor was pre- sented by Edward II. to his favourite. Piers de Gave- ston. The river Wey, and the Guildford canal, pass through the parish, and the London and South-Western railway very near it : it contains by measurement 2034 acres, the soil of which is sandy. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 11. 8., and in the patronage of the Crown; net income, £187. An old mansion, called Byfleet Park, at present adarm-house, was built by Edward the Black Prince ; and at this place Henry VIII. was nursed. BYFORD {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Weobly, hundred of Grimsworth, county of Hereford, 7i miles (W. N. W.) from Hereford 5 con- taining 236 inhabitants. The parish comprises 873a. Ir. 14/)., of which about 175 acres are arable, 647 pas- ture, and 50 woodland : it is intersected by the river Wye and the road from Hereford to Hay. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 1. 8., and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for £182, and there is a glebe of 32 J acres, with a house. BYGRAVE, a parish, in the union of Hitchin, hundred of Odsey, county of Hertford, 2 miles (N. E. by N.) from Baldock ; containing 154 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 1620 acres, about 100 of which are pasture. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £17. 9. 7 . 5 uet income, £377 3 patron. Marquess of Salisbury. BYKER, a township, in the parish of All Saints, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, union of Newcastle, E. divi- sion of Castle ward, S. division of Northumberland, 1|: mile (E.) from Newcastle ; containing 6024 inhabit- ants. This place, which is situated on the north bank of the Tyne, and forms the easternmost part of the parish, comprises about 636 acres, nearly equally divided between arable and pasture, with upwards of 100 acres occupied by houses, manufactories, and yards for vari- ous uses. The surface is low ground on the shores of 450 the Tyne and the Ouse burn, a small stream running into that river, and partly bounding the township, and partly intersecting it on the west ; and immediately behind those low shores, the lands attain a considerable elevation, and present fine views of the town of New- castle, the course of the Tyne, with its banks, as far to the east as the sea, and of Northumberland as far as the Cheviot hills to the north. The soil is chiefly a bright clay, and of moderate quality, but yet productive from good manure. Sandstone is quarried, which is well adapted for large works ; some of it is shipped to London, and much is being used in the handsome new quay and other works undertaken by the corporation of Newcastle. There are three or four coal-mines worked under the surface of the soil, though there are few pits, these being sunk in the adjoining townships : the shaft of one of the mines is on the south bank of the Tyne, so that the works extend below the entire bed of the river, and coal is dug beneath the lands of Byker at a distance of a mile and a half from the shaft. Among the manufactories, which are very numerous, are pot- teries for brown and common, and blue and white, ware, crown and bottle glass-works, cinder and coke kilns, foundries, chain and other iron works, soap-manufac- tories, white-lead and colour establishments, flour-mills, saw- mills, a considerable flax-mill, fire-brick works, alkali-works, and rope-walks 3 and on the banks of the river are large timber, ship, and boat building yards. Of these manufactures an extensive export trade is carried on, and the pottery-ware is much esteemed in the north of Europe 3 while the India vessels, built at St. Peter’s dock by Messrs. Smith, are among the finest specimens of our commercial marine. A handsome church is about to be erected, as a chapel of ease to All Saints, Newcastle 3 for which purpose a subscription has been opened, already aided by grants from the In- corporated Society and the Church Building Commis- sioners 3 and Sir M. W. Ridley, Bart., has given a site, nearly in the centre of the township. There are six places of w^orship, nearly all belonging to the different Methodist connexions 3 and six schools, chiefly for the children of dissenters, and some dames’ schools. A self-supporting dispensary, aided by subscription, has *^been established. BYLAND-ABBEY, a township, in the parish of CoxwoLD, union of Helmsley, wapentake of Bird- FORTH, N. riding of York, 7 miles (S. W. by W.) from Helmsley; containing 97 inhabitants. The township comprises 1527a. 3r. 30/)., of which 444 acres are arable, 414 meadow and pasture, and 669 wood, water, and common. A monastery and church were founded here, in 1177, by the abbot and monks of Furness, in Lan- cashire, who, having been disturbed by the Scots, fled to this part of the country, and were well received by Roger de Mowbray, at Thirsk Castle, who assigned lands at Byland for their support : at the Dissolution the revenue was estimated at £238. 9. 4. Of the abbey, which was a magnificent structure, the western front and other parts yet remain, in a high state of preserva- tion, and aflbrd a beautiful specimen of early English architecture : on the removal of a quantity of rubbish in the year 1818 was found a stone coffin, containing a perfect skeleton, conjectured to be that of Roger de Mowbray ; and at the same time fragments of a beau- tiful tessellated pavement were also discovered. B Y R O B Y T O BYLAND, OLD, a parish, in the union of Helms- I.EY, wapentake of Birdforth, N. riding of York, 5 miles (W. N. W.) from Helmsley 3 containing 1 85 inhabitants. The parish comprises by measurement 2200 acres of arable land, and by computation 800 acres in wood, and is chiefly of a red light soil 3 the aspect of the land is in many situations mountainous and wild. Freestone is quarried for building. The living is a donative 3 net income, £55 ; patron and impropriator, George Wombwell, Esq., of Newborough-park. The church is an ancient edifice, with a square tower, and is supposed to have been attached to Rivaulx Abbey 3 the whole of the pavement is tessellated, and wrought with a variety of figures. A school-house has recently been erected, to which Mr. Wombwell contributes £6 per annum. BYLAUGH {St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Mitford and Launditch, hundred of Eynsford, E. division of Norfolk, 5j miles (N. E.) from East Dere- ham 5 containing 85 inhabitants. The parish comprises 1544a. 2r. \9p>, of which 1100 acres are arable, 200 pasture, and 200 woodland and heath. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £82 3 patron and im- propriator, E. Lombe, Esq., whose tithes have been com- muted for £ 200 . The church, which is in the later English style, with a tower, circular in the lower, and octangular in the upper, part, was thoroughly repaired in 1809 , when the chancel was rebuilt and transepts added by the late Sir John Lombe, who lies buried in the north transept. BYLEY, with Yatehouse, a township, in the parish of Middle wiGH, union and hundred of Northwich, S. division of the county of Chester, ij mile (N. E. by N.) from Middlewich 5 containing 149 inhabitants. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £128. 15. 9. BYRNESS, a chapelry, in the parish of Elsdon, union of Rothbury, S. division of CoaDETDALE ward, N. division of Northumberland, ISf miles (N. N. W.) from Bellingham. This place is situated on the road from Newcastle to Jedburgh, and is watered by the Rede river : coal-mines, freestone, and limestone quarries are worked. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £75 3 patron. Rector of Elsdon. The income is paid from Queen Anne’s Bounty and the rent of I 6 acres of land 5 there is a good glebe-house, with about 3 acres of land. The chapel was built by subscription, in 179 s, in an ancient burial-ground ; it is 34 feet long, by 22 wide, and has a very small chancel, and a porch at the west end. The rector of Elsdon has the privilege of sending from his parish twelve poor children to be gratuitously taught by the resident curate, according to a stipulation annexed to the endowment of the chapel by the Rev. Lewis Dutens, a former rector, in 1 800. Here was a Druidical temple, but every vestige of it has dis- appeared. BYROME, or Byram, with Pool, a township, in the parish of Brotherton, Lower division of the wapentake of Barkstone-Ash, W. riding "of York, mile (N. N. W.) from Ferry-Bridge 3 containing 79 inhabitants. It is situated on the east of the river Aire, and comprises by computation 850 acres, includ- ing the hamlet of Pool. Byram Hall, the seat of Sir John Ramsden, Bart., is a handsome mansion, in a fine and well-wooded park of about 200 acres, 451 . BYSHOTTLES, with Brandon, a township, in the parish of Brancepeth, N. W. division of Darlington ward, union, and S. division of the county of Durham, 4 miles (W. S. W,) from Durham 3 containing 467 in- habitants. In this place is Burn Hall, a handsome mansion, erected about twenty years since, near the site of an ancient residence. BYTHAM, CASTLE (St. James), a parish, in the union of Bourne, wapentake of Beltisloe, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 5 miles (S. by W.) from Corby 3 containing, with the chapelry of Holywell with Aunby, and the hamlet of Counthorpe, 855 inhabitants. This place derives its name from an ancient castle, the origin of which is generally attributed to the Romans : it appears to have been strongly fortified 3 and within the foundations have been dug up, at various times> stone coffins and other relics of antiquity. In 1080> Odo, Earl of Albemarle and Plolderness, having married Adelina, sister of William the Conqueror, obtained a grant of the castle and adjoining territory for the pur- pose of enabling them to feed their infant son, Stephen, with wheaten bread, from which circumstance a close, constituting a part of the territory, still retains the name of AVheaten Close.” In 1340, William de For- tibus, Earl of Albemarle, rebelling against Edward III., fortified his castle of Bytham, and plundered the sur- rounding country 3 but the castle being soon afterwards besieged by the royal forces, was taken and levelled with the ground. The living is a discharged vicarage, consolidated with the rectory of Little Bytham, and valued in the king’s books at £7* 13. 6 .: the tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1 803. At Holywell, in the parish, is a chapel of ease. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and a school is partly supported by £25 per annum, from an estate belonging to the parish. A convent for Cistercian monks, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, w^as removed hither, about the year 1147, from Fountains in the county of York, by William, Earl of Albemarle, but was afterwards removed to Edenham : it flourished, under an abbot and thirteen monks, till the Dissolution, when its revenue was estimated at £124. 5. 11 . 3 the site was granted to Charles, Duke of Suffolk. BYTHAM, LITTLE (St. Madardus), a parish, in the union of Bourne, wapentake of Beltisloe, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 5 miles (S.) from Corby 3 containing 311 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, with the vicarage of Castle Bytham consoli- dated, valued in the king’s books at £4. 8 . 4., and in the alternate patronage of the Bishop and the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln 3 net income, £ 6 l 0 . Tw^o schools are partly supported by subscription. BYTHORN (St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union of Thrapston, hundred of Leightonstone, county of Huntingdon, 6^ miles (N. W. by N.) from Kimbolton 3 containing 322 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Huntingdon to Northampton, and comprises by measurement 1500 acres. The living is united, with that of Old Weston, to the rectory of Brington : the tithes have been commuted for £20. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists. John Mason Hust- wait, in 3 816, bequeathed £300, the interest of which is appropriated to the teaching of children. BYTON (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Knighton, hundred of Wigmore, county of Here- 3 M 2 B Y W E C A D B FORD, 4 miles (E. S. E.) from Presteign ; containing 172 inhabitants. The parish comprises by measurement 847 acres, of which 359 are arable, 400 meadow, and SS woodland : there are also about 70 acres of com- mon. It is bounded on the north by the river Lug, and intersected from north to south by the road between Leintwardine and Kington. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5, and in the patronage of the Crown 5 net income, £115. BYWELL (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Hexham, E. division of Tindale w'ard, S. division of Northumberland; containing 452 inhabitants, of whom 51 are in part of the township of By well, 4 miles (E. S. E.) from Corbridge, and 13^ (W. by S.) from Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The parish is on the north and south sides of the river Tyne, and comprises the town- ships of Bearl, Broomhaugh, Riding, Stocksfield-Hall, Styford, and part of Bywell, the whole forming an area, by computation, of 3680 acres. It is intersected by the road from Newcastle to Hexham ; and the Newcastle and Carlisle railway also passes through the parish. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £3. 9. 2., and in the patronage of T. W. Beau- mont, Esq., with a net income of £162; impropriators, R. Trevelyan and H. Witham, Esqrs. The church is a small edifice with a lofty steeple. A large portion of the township of Bywell is the property of Mr. Beau- mont. BYWELL (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Hexham, E. division of Tindale ward, S. division of Northumberland; containing 1512 inhabitants, of whom 131 are in part of the township of Byw’ell, 4 miles (E. S. E.) from Corbridge, and 14 (W. by S.) from Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The parish, which is about 13 miles in length, and from 2 to 3 in breadth, is on the north and south sides of the Tyne, and comprises the townships of East Acomb, Apperley, Broomley, Esper- shields. High Fortherley, Healey, Newton, Newton-Hall, Newlands, and Stelling ; the chapelry of Whittonstall ; and part of the township of Bywell ; the whole form- ing an area, by measurement, of about 14,000 acres, of which 7000 are arable, about 4850 pasture, and 2150 woodland. The north and north-west parts are inter- sected by the parish of By well- St. Andrew : a portion of the land is very fertile and beautifully diversified by gentle swells, and wood and water, but much consists of wild moors, of which nearly 3000 acres have been inclosed. Bywell barony, in the reign of Richard II., was possessed by the Nevills, lords of Raby, and after- wards earls of Westmorland, and was subsequently purchased by a branch of the Fenwick family, and was sold in 1819 to its present owner, Thomas Wentworth Beaumont, Esq., to whom the whole township belongs, with the exception of 250 acres at Shilden Hill, the property of J. C. Jobling, Esq. The Mansion-House, the seat of Mr. Beaumont, stands in a lawn adorned by forest-trees, having the river on its south side, in which is a beautiful islet, and on the opposite bank are exten- sive plantations. The village, which is partly in the parish of By well- St. Andrew, and partly in that of St. Peter, is pleasantly situated on the north bank of the Tyne, and was formerly noted for the manufacture of saddlers’ ironmongery, which was in a flourishing state in the l6th century, and is mentioned in their report by the commissioners of Queen Elizabeth ; but it has now 452 wholly declined ; the Newcastle and Carlisle railway has a station here, and Mr. Beaumont has erected a handsome stone bridge of seven arches, at a cost of £10,000. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9. 18. 1^.; net income, £119 ; patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Durham. The church is an ancient edifice, of large dimensions, with a square tower, standing near to the church of By well-St. Andrew, and having between them a stone cross. There are places of worship for Baptists, Roman Catholics, and Wesleyans ; and a school is partly supported by Mr. Beaumont. At a short distance from the Hall are the ruins of the old baronial castle, once a very strong fortress ; the fine square tower is entire, and from its top is an extensive prospect. c CABOURN (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Caistor, wapentake of Bradley-Haverstoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, if mile (E. N. E.) from Caistor; containing I66 inhabitants. This place, which is situated on the road from Caistor to Great Grimsbv, and in a small vale in the heart of the Lincolnshire wolds, comprises 249"2cf. 3r. 35p. of land, of which the subsoil is chalk, used for manure, and for the roads. The village is small, but from the numerous foundations of build- ings in a field adjoining the vicarage, appears to have been formerly of considerable extent. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 18. 4. ; patron and impropriator, Lord Yarborough : the income, arising from land allotted in 1811, is about £200. The church is a very ancient massive structure, with details of Norman architecture, and contains a large antique font. CABUS, a township, in the parish and union of Garstang, hundred of Amounderness, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 2 miles (N.) from Gar- stang ; containing 253 inhabitants. CADBURY (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Tiverton, hundred of Hayridge, Cullompton and N. divisions of Devon, S\ miles (W. by S.) from Cul- lompton ; containing 251 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Tiverton to Crediton, and comprises by computation 1697 acres, of which about 1000 are arable, 500 meadow and pasture, 72 orchards, and 136 wood- land and waste ; the surface is hilly, and the soil in general light, resting upon a stony substratum. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9. 4. 3., and in the patronage of the Crown ; net income, £163 ; impropriator, G. S. Farston, Esq. The benefice is endowed with half of the great tithes, and there is a good glebe-house, with five acres of land. On the summit of a high hill, called Cadbury Castle, is an inclosure nearly circular, consisting of a single vallum and fosse, supposed to be either of British or of Roman origin ; near it some Roman coins were found, in 1827. CADBURY, NORTH (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Wincanton, hundred of Catsash, E. division of Somerset, miles (S.) from Castle-Cary ; containing, with the hamlets of Galhampton and Wool- CADE C A E R ston^ 1075 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £28. I7. 3^., and in the patron- age of Emanuel College, Cambridge : the tithes have been commuted for £489. 12. 2., and the glebe com- prises 143| acres. The church is a stately and beauti- ful pile, pleasantly situated on the ridge of a hill. Over- looking the village is an entrenchment of an oval form, surrounded by a large double rampart, composed of loose limestone, the produce of the spot. CADBURY, SOUTH (St. Thomas a Becket), a parish, in the union of WiNCANTON, hundred of Cat- sash, E. division of Somerset, 4^ miles (S.) from Cas- tle-Cary 5 containing 254c inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 3. l-§., andin the patronage of James Bennett, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £250, and there is a glebe of 29| acres. Near the village are the remains of one of the most famous ancient fortifications in England : it was situ- ated on the northern extremity of a ridge of hills, and encircled by four trenches ; its figure inclined to a square, but conforming to the slope of the hill ; the area is upwards of thirty acres. A higher work within, surrounded by a trench, is called King Arthur’s Palace ; the rampart is composed of large stones covered with earth, with only one entrance, from the east, guarded by six or seven trenches. Numerous Roman coins have been discovered, and the origin of the place majq with much probability, be ascribed to that people. CADDINGTON (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Luton, partly in the hundred of Flitt, county of Bedford, but chiefly in the hundred of Dacorum, county of Hertford, 2 miles (W. S. W.) from Luton; containing 1747 inhabitants. It com- prises 4515a. 2r. 27p., of which about 540 acres are meadow and pasture, 3700 arable, and 140 wood and coppice ; the soil consists of clay, gravel, and chalk, and the timber is chiefly oak and ash. A pleasure-fair is held on Whit-Tuesday. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10; net income, £319 ; patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of St. Paul’s, London. The tithes were commuted for land and corn-rents in 1798, and the glebe consists of 30 acres, to which there is a good house. In addition to the parochial church, there is a chapel of ease, near Market-street. Here is a school, with an endowment. CADEBY (All Saints), a parish^; in the union of Market-Bosworth, hundred of Sparkenhoe, S. divi- sion of the county of Leicester, ij mile (E. S. E.) from Market-Bosworth ; containing, with the township of Osbaston, 387 inhabitants. It comprises' 797a. 3p., of which about 240 acres are arable, 530 meadow and pasture, and 25 wood and plantations ; part is a light soil well suited to turnips, and part good corn land. The liv- ing is a rectory,valued in the king’s books at £4. 10. 2|., and in the patronage of Sir W. W. Dixie, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for £175, and there is a glebe-house, with 54 acres of land. CADEBY, or Cateby, a township, in the parish of Sprotbrough, union of Doncaster, N. division of the wapentake of Strafforth and Tickhill, W. riding of York, 4^ miles (W. S. W.) from Doncaster; containing 153 inhabitants. The priory of Bretton and the estab- lishment at Nostal formerly held lands here ; and among the families that have possessed property, occurs that of Metham, who settled here about the reign of 453 Edward XL, and continued to hold it in the time of Elizabeth. The township is situated in the south part of the parish, and upon the river Don, opposite to Conisbrough, with which place it is connected by the King’s ferry. Two schools are supported by Sir J. Copley, Bart. CADELEIGH (St. Bartholomew) , a parish, in the union of Tiverton, hundred of Hayridge, Cullompton and N. divisions of Devon, 4j miles (S. W.) from Tiver- ton ; containing 403 inhabitants. The living is a rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £13, and in the patronage of Mrs. Moore : the tithes have been com-' muted for £193, and the glebe consists of 53 acres, to; which there is a house. In the church is a curious ancient monument to the memory of Sir Simon Leach, Knt. A school is supported by subscription. CADLEY, an extra-parochial liberty, in the hundred of Kinwardstone, Marlborough and Ramsbury, and S. divisions of Wilts ; containing, with Brimslade and South Savernake, 187 inhabitants. CADNAM, a hamlet, partly in the parish of Eling, hundred of Redbridge, and partly in the parish of Minstead, N. division of the hundred of New Forest, Romsey and S. divisions of the county of Southamp- ton, 4| miles (N.) from Lyndhurst ; containing 154 inhabitants. A chapel of ease to Eling was erected a few years since ; and there is a place of worship for Wesleyans. CADNEY (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Glandford-Brigg, S. division of the wapentake of Yarborough, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 2|- miles (S. S. E.) from Glandford-Brigg ; containing, with the township of Housham, 438 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 18. 4. ; net income, £230 ; patron and impropriator. Lord Yarborough. In the church are a beautiful screen of carved oak, and a font of great antiquity, noticed by Camden. A farm-house, in the parish called Newstead Abbey, was formerly a priory of Cistercian monks. CADWELL, a liberty, in the parish of Brightwell- Baldwin, union of Hendley, hundred of Ewelme, county of Oxford. CAENBY (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the E. divi- sion of the wapentake of Aslacoe, parts of Lindsey, union and county of Lincoln, 3 miles (E. by 8.) from Spital ; containing 185 inhabitants. The parish lies upon a slope, and comprises about I6OO acres, tw’o- thirds of which are arable, 50 acres wood, and the rest pasture ; it is bounded on the east by the river An- cholme, a small tributary stream of which runs through it. The soil consists of strong clay, sand, and a kind of red mould ; and limestone is found on the higher grounds. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 13. 4.; net income, £117; patron. Sir C. M. L. Monck, Bart. CAERLEON, a market-town, in the parish of Llangattock, union of Newport, Caerleon division and hundred of Usk, county of Monmouth, 20| miles (S. W.) from Monmouth, and 15l| (W.) from London ; containing 11 74 inhabitants. This place, called by the Britons Caerleon, city of the legion,” or, according to some, Caerllian, city of the waters,” was the Isca Silurum of the Romans, in the time of Claudius, whose second legion, being recalled from Germany, was stationed here C A E R CAIN under the command of Vespasian. It became the metro- polis of that division of the island called Britannia Secunda, and one of the chief cities of the Romans, who fortified it with strong walls three miles in circuit, in- closing a quadrilateral area, measuring 530 yards by 460 : they erected temples, an amphitheatre, baths, aqueducts, and splendid dwellings of various descrip- tions, the magnificent remains of which, in the twelfth century, are described by Giraldus Cambrensis, as emu- lating the grandeur of Rome itself. In the reign of Domitian, St. Julian and St. Aaron preached the doc- trine of Christianity in this part of Britain, and suffered martyrdom here ; but after the final submission of the Britons to the Roman power, Caerleon became, under the auspices of Antoninus, the seat of learning and devotion. Three Christian churches were erected, two in honour of the martyrs Julian and Aaron, to which a nunnery and a priory of Cistercian canons were an- nexed respectively 5 also a third, to which was added a monastery that afterwards became the metropolitan see of Wales, and of which Dubricius, the great opponent of the Pelagian heresy, was the first archbishop. Under his successors the see continued to flourish to such an extent, that, at the time of the Saxon invasion, its col- lege is said to have contained, among other students, not less than 200 who were w^ell skilled in geography and astronomy 5 it was afterwards translated to Me- nevia by St. David, and has since that time been known as the see of St. David’s : some small remains of the mo- nastery still exist. The castle was probably built about the time of the Conquest ; but no mention of it occurs till the year II7I, when Henry II. seized the town, and deposed lorwerth ab Owain, lord of Gwent, who, in 1173, retook it after a vigorous defence, and restored it to the Welsh. After repeated sieges it was retained by Llewelyn ab lorwerth till the reign of Edward I., when, upon the overthrow of the independence of the Welsh, the town fell into neglect, and the castle into decay : the remains of the castle are inconsiderable. The TOWN is pleasantly situated on a gentle acclivity on the bank of the river Usk, over which is a hand- some stone bridge of modern erection, and consists of two streets indifferently paved and lighted 3 the houses are mostly old and irregularly built, and are fast hasten- ing to decay : some fragments of the ancient wall still remain, and bear testimony to the former extent and importance of the town. The trade consists principally in the manufacture and sale of tin plates and iron, for which there are two large establishments 3 the articles are conveyed to Newport by the river, in vessels of small burthen. The market is on Thursday 3 and fairs are held on July 31st and Oct. 2nd, the latter being a large fair for horses. The market-house is a dilapidated edifice, supported on four massive pillars of the Tuscan order, supposed to have belonged to some Roman structure, two bases of similar dimensions and character having been dug up near the walls. The county magistrates hold a petty-session once a fortnight. There are places of worship for Baptists, Independents, and Wesleyans. The free school, for 25 boys and 25 girls, was founded and endowed, in 1724, by Charles Williams, Esq. 3 and there are a national school, and an almshouse for aged widows. Several remains of the Roman station are still visible, and numerous minor relics have been discovered, consisting of parts of columns, altars, tessellated pave- 454 ments, coins, urns, a statue of Jupiter, portions of the baths, &c. To the north of the town is an extensive quadrilateral encampment, with seven smaller camps- near it 3 and on the banks of the Usk are considerable remains of the amphitheatre, called by the inhabitants King Arthur’s Round Table. St. Amphibalus, tutor of the proto-martyr St. Albanus, and the martyrs SU Julian and St. Aaron, were born at this place. The renowned King Arthur is stated to have been interred here. CAERTON-ultra-Pontem, a hamlet, in the parish of Christchurch, union of Newport, Lower division of the hundred of Caldicot, county of Monmouth 3 containing 267 inhabitants. CAER-WENT (St. Stephen), a parish, in the union and division of Chepstow, hundred of Caldicot,: county of Monmouth, 5^ miles (W. S. W.) from Chep- stow, on the road to Newport 3 containing, with the hamlet of Crick, 446 inhabitants. The parishes of Caer-went and Llanvair-Discoed comprise by estimation 1736«. 7p., of which 953a. Ir. are arable, 511a. 20p. pasture and meadow, and ^27 la. 2r. 2Jp. woodland : for the most part, the surface is level, and the soil dry and gravelly. Caer-went, now an inconsiderable village, was anciently a Roman station, the Venta Silurum of Anto- ninus’ Itinerary, and is supposed to have been the site of the capital city of the Britons in Siluria : it is still partially environed by the original Roman walls, in- closing an area of about a mile in circumference. The turnpike-road to Newport, the course of which here runs upon part of the Akeraan-street, passes through the centre, where formerly stood the eastern and western gates 3 and , coins, fragments of columns, statues, and, some beautiful tessellated pavements, belonging to the Romans, have been discovered. The village is pleasantly situated upon ground somewhat elevated above the level tract around it 3 and at a small distance are the magni- ficent remains of Caldicot Castle, formerly possessed by the Bohuns, Earls of Hereford. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, endowed with the rectorial tithes, and united, with the perpetual curacy of Llanvair-Discoed, to the vicarage of Mathern 3 it is valued in the king’s books at £7. 11. 8. : the tithes have been commuted for £249. 2., and the glebe comprises 6 acres, with a house attached. The church, consisting of a nave and chancel, with a square embattled tower, exhibits portions of the early and decorated English styles. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists. At Crick is a house, now a farm residence, in which King Charles was con- cealed for some time. CAINHAM (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Ludlow, hundred of Stottesden, S. division of Salop, 3 miles (E. S. E.) from Ludlow 3 containing 973 inhabit- ants. The parish is situated on the road from Leo- minster to Bridgenorth, and comprises by computation 2700 acres : the river Letwytch, celebrated for its fine trout, crosses its southern extremity. Stone is quarried for drains and buildings 3 and coal-mines, lime-works, and iron-foundries are in operation. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £4. 13. 4.5 net income, £338 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. J. Mainwaring3 impropriators, the Landowners. There is an excellent glebe-house, with about 120 acres of land. The church is very ancient, and in the church- yard is an old cross. The Incorporated Society lately C A I S C A I S granted £300 towards building a church at Clee Hill, which was consecrated on the 29th Januarj% 1840, and to which an ecclesiastical district has been assigned 5 patron, Bishop of Hereford. There are two places of worship for Wesleyans 5 and a national school is sup- ported by subscription. The remains of a Roman en- campment are to be seen. CAIN’S-CROSS, a hamlet, partly in the parish of Strotjd, hundred of Bisluy, and partly in the parishes of Stonehouse and Randwick, hundred of Whit- stone, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 2 miles (W.) from Stroud. A district church, erected at an ex- pense of £3600, raised chiefly by subscription, was con- secrated on the 29th of January, 1837. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of Colonel Daubeny, who endowed it with £1000, vested in the funds 3 the district assigned to it comprises the villages of Cain’s Cross, Ebley, Westrip, Dudbridge, and Pakenhill. CAISTOR, or Castor (St. Peter and St. Paul), a market-town and parish, and the head of a union, partly in the N. division of the wapentake of Walshcroet, but chiefly in the S. division of thewapentake of Yarborough, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 23 miles (N. N. E.) from Lincoln, and 153 (N.) from London 3 comprising the chapelries of Holton-le-Moor and Clixby, and the hamlets of Audleby, Fonaby, and Hundon 3 and containing 1988 inhabitants. This was evidently a station of the Romans, of whom numerous coins and other relics have been dis- covered. According to tradition, Hengist, after having repulsed the Piets and Scots, obtained from Vortigern the grant of so much land as he could encompass with the hide of an ox : having divided the hide into small thongs, he was enabled to inclose a considerable area, forming the site of the town, which, from that circum- stance, was called by the Saxons, Thuang Ceastre, or Thong Ceastre. Dr. Stukeley, however, derives the prefix from the Saxon thegn, a thane, or nobleman. The marriage of Rowena, daughter of Hengist, to Vortigern, was solemnized here in 453. Egbert, who finally brought the several kingdoms of the heptarchy under his dominion, obtained a signal victory at this place over Wiglof, King of Mercia, in 827> in commemoration of which a cross was erected on the castle hill, where many bodies have been dug up, and a stone with a mutilated inscription, apparently recording the dedica- tion of the spoils by the victor to some sacred purpose. The TOWN, which commands extensive prospects over the vale of the Ancholme and the western ridges of the wolds, is well supplied with water from four springs issuing out of a grey-stone rock, three of which unite their streams on the western side of it, and fall into the Ancholme 3 the other flows into the same river, near the junction of the Kelsey canal with that to Glandford- Brigg. Its market is on Saturday 3 and fairs are held on the Saturdays before Palm-Sunday, Whit-Sunday, and Old Michaelmas-day. The town is within the juris- diction of the county magistrates. The parish com- prises an area of 3220a. 3r. 28p. of land, including Caistor moor, which extends three miles west, and was inclosed in 1798 3 the soil is partly sandy, but generally fertile and well cultivated. The living is a discharged vicarage, with Clixby annexed, valued in the king’s books at £7- 6. 8., and in the gift of the Preben- dary of Caistor in the Cathedral of Lincoln, with a net income of £250 : the tithes of Caistor were commuted 455 at the inclosure for 91 acres of land to the appropriator, the prebendary, and SO acres to the vicar 3 but the hamlets of Audleby, Fonaby, and Hundon pay a yearly modus of £252. 7. to the former, and one of £180 to the latter. The church is a spacious structure, in the early English style, with some remains of Norman architecture : it has a fine tower, with a chapel on the south side, now used as a vestry-room, and stands within the area of the ancient castle, with the materials of which it is partly built. A singular ceremony is observed, on the performance of which depends the tenure of an estate in the parish of Broughton : the holder sends an agent on Palm-Sunday, who cracks a whip three times in the north porch of the church, while the minister is reading the first lesson 3 after which, attaching a small purse to the thong, he enters the church, and on the commencement of the second lesson, flourishes the whip thrice, and on the conclusion of it retires into the chancel : when the service is ended, the whip and purse are deposited in the manor-house at Hundon. There are places of worship for Inde- pendents and Methodists. The free grammar school was founded, in 1630, by the Rev. Francis Rawlinson, who endowed it with £400, afterwards laid out in the purchase of a portion of the great tithes of Beesby, now producing £130 per annum 3 besides which there are £60 a year, arising from land bought with a donation by Wm. Hansard, Esq. : the school has an exhibition of £10 per annum to Jesus’ College, Cambridge : the building was thoroughly repaired in 1838, at a cost of £200, raised by subscription. The poor law union of Caistor com- prises 76 parishes or places, and contains a population of 27,068. CAISTOR (St. Edmund's), a parish, in the union and hundred of Henstead, E. division of Norfolk, 3^ miles (S.) from Norwich 3 containing 147 inhabit- ants. This place, though at present inconsiderable, was anciently one of the most flourishing cities of the Britons, and the residence of the kings of the Iceni 3 it was the Venta Icenorum of the Romans, and the princi- pal station of that people in the territory of the Iceni, from the ruins of which the present city of Norwich has gradually risen. The walls of the ancient city, which was deserted after the departure of the Romans, in 446, were in the form of a parallelogram, inclosing an area of about 32 acres, within which foundations of buildings may be traced. The remains consist of a single fosse and vallum, and were surrounded by a strong wall as an additional rampart, built upon the vallum, the inclosed space being capable of containing 6000 men. On the north, east, and south sides, are large mounds raised from the fosse, and the west side has one formed on the margin of the river Taas, as are also the remains of the Water-gate. Within the area of the camp, at the south-east angle, stands the church, the materials for building which were evidently taken from the ruins of the rampart. The parish comprises about 1045 acres : the river Taas, which once filled the whole valley, is now an inconsiderable stream. The living is a rectory, with that of Merkshall, or Matti shall- Heath united, valued in the king’s books at £9j, and in the patronage of Mrs. H. Dashwood : the tithes have been commuted for £445, and the glebe comprises 58^ acres, to which is attached a house. The church is partly in the early, and partly in the perpendicular style, with a C A I S C A L D square embattled tower, and has a font, exhibiting very- curious sculpture. A school is partly supported by Mrs. Dashw’ood, the lady of the manor. Numerous Roman urns and coins have been discovered, the latter being chiefly those of Constantine 5 and a few years since a bronze figure of a satyr was found of very fine workmanship, and about eight inches in length. CAISTOR NEAR Yarmouth {St. Edmund), a pa- rish, in the East and West Flegg incorporation, hun- dred of East Flegg, E. division of Norfolk, 19| miles (E.) from Norwich 5 containing 909 inhabitants. The name is evidently a corrupted Saxonism of Castrum, it being clear, from the visible remains of fortifications, and the discovery of numerous coins, that the Romans had a camp here, opposite to, and connected with, Gari- anonum. The manor was anciently in the possession of the family of Fastolf ; and Sir John Fastolf, a celebrated warrior and an estimable man, whose character some consider Shakspeare to have pervertedly drawn in his Sir John Falstaff, was born here. He was the founder of the castle, the cost of which was defrayed with the money obtained for the ransom of the Duke d’Alen^on, whom he took prisoner at the battle of Agincourt 5 it was supposed to be one of the oldest brick mansions in the kingdom, and was a castellated edifice, in the form of a parallelogram, surrounded by a moat, of which nothing now remains, except a circular tower about 90 feet high, with portions of the north and west walls. Eastward of the castle stood a college, forming three sides of a spacious square, with two circular towers 5 it was established in the reign of Edward I. by one of the Fastolfs, and afterwards patronized by the founder of the castle, and his successors, till its dissolution : the remains have been converted into stables and a barn. Caistor was formerly divided into two parishes. Trinity and St. Edmund’s, which w’ere consolidated Sept. 22nd, I6O8 3 the church belonging to the former has been suffered to fall into ruins. The living is a rectory, with that of St. Edmund’s consolidated, valued in the king’s books at £103 net income, £8765 patron and incum- bent, Rev. G. W. Steward, who lately erected a hand- some glebe-house. The church is chiefly in the deco- rated style, and consists of a nave, chancel, and south aisle, with a square embattled tower. A neat school has been erected near the south-east end of the chancel 3 and the Wesleyans and Primitive Methodists have places of worship. The sum of £105, the rental of land de- vised by Elizabeth Blennerhaysett, Sir William Paston, and others, is annually applied in relief for the poor. A line of sand-hills, called the Meals or Maru 7 u Hills, com- mences here, and extends, with occasional interruptions, to Hapsbury Point, and thence to Cromer bay. CAISTRON, a township, in the parish and union of Rothbury, W. division of Cociuetdale ward, N. divi- sion of Northumberland, 4^ miles (W.) from Roth- bury 3 containing 54 inhabitants. This pleasant village, around which is a fertile alluvial soil, is situated on the brink of the Coquet, one mile south-by-west from Flot- terton, and was formerly the property of three persons of the name of Hall, called respectively in the neighbour- hood, duke, lord, and lawyer, and one of whom be- queathed, in 1779, the annual sum of £4. 15. to be paid out of his estate towards the support of a schoolmaster in the place. A school-house was erected in 1792, with money left by the Rev. John Tomlinson and others. 456 CAKEMORE, a township, in the parish of Hales- OwEN, union of Stourbridge, Hales Owen division of the hundred of Brimstree, S. division of Salop 3 con- taining 357 inhabitants. CALBOURN {All Saints), a parish, in the liberty of West Medina, Isle of Wight division of the county of Southampton, 5 j miles (W. S. W.) from Newport 3 containing, with the chapelry of Newton, 750 inhabit- ants. The parish derives its name from the beautiful stream by which it is intersected 5 the surface is varied, and the scenery abounds with interest. Stone of very compact and durable quality is extensively quarried for building purposes, for which it is in great repute. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19. 12. 85., and in the patronage of the Bishop of Winchester ; the tithes have been commuted for £660, and the glebe comprises 8O5 acres. The church is a handsome structure, in the early English style, and contains an ancient tomb, inlaid with brass, represent- ing a knight in complete armour, with his feet resting on a dog 3 considerable alterations have recently been made, A national school, for which a building was erected in 1834, is supported by subscription. Dr. Fisher, Bishop of Salisbury, w’as a native of the parish, of which his father was rector. CALCEBY {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Spilsby, Marsh division of the hundred of Calceworth, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 4f miles (W.) from Alford 3 containing 52 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the road from Wainfleet to Great Grimsby, and comprises about 6I8 acres 3 it lies towards the southern extremity of the chalk formation of the county, of which a bold line of hills in the neighbouring parish of Drily forms part of the eastern escarpment towards the sea. The living is a discharged vicarage, united, in 1774, to the rectory of South Ormsby, and valued in the king’s books at £5. 10. 2^. 3 impropriator, C. B. Massingberd, Esq. CALCETHORPE {St. Faith), a parish, in the union of Louth, Wold division of the hundred of Louth- Eske, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 6 miles (W. by N.) from Louth 3 containing 69 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 1100 acres, which are arable, with the exception of 150 acres of grass land. The liv- ing is a sinecure rectory, valued in the king's books at £6. 2. 6.3 net income, £163 patron, W. Briscoe, Esq. The church is a ruin. CALCUTT, a hamlet, in the parish of Lower Hey- FORD, union of Bicester, hundred of Ploughley, county of Oxford 3 containing 146 inhabitants. CALDBECK (St. Kentigern), a parish, in the union of Wigton, Allerdale ward below Derwent, W. division of Cumberland 3 containing 1553 inha- bitants, of whom 282 are in High, 646 in Low; and 567 in Haltcliffe, Caldbeck, 8 miles (S. E.) from Wigton. This parish comprises a mountainous district of 18,000 acres, not more than 6000 of which are inclosed, the remainder being appropriated to depasturing numerous flocks of sheep. The hills contain various mineral pro- ductions, principally lead and copper ores, limestone, and coal, and there are several establishments for work- ing the mines : a considerable proportion of silver is occasionally extracted from the lead- ore. The river Caldbeck flows through the village, about half a mile from which, in a romantic glen, called the Howk, where it is C A L D C A L D crossed by a natural bridge of limestone, the stream dashes impetuously over the rocks, and forms two in- teresting cascades, by the sides of which are singular excavations, named the Fairies Kirk and Fairies' Kettle, A manufactory for blankets, flannels, &c., has been long established ; and there are also a brewery, a small paper-mill, a fulling-mill, a gingham and check manu- factory, and a dye-house. Hesket-New-Market, in the division of Haltcliffe, is a smaller village, but more com- pact than Caldbeck, from which it is about a mile and a quarter distant to the east 5 it is situated on the south side of the river Caldew, which divides this parish from that of Castle Sowerby. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £45. 13. 6^. ; net income, £4363 patron. Bishop of Carlisle. The church bears date 1112, and was founded soon after the establishment of an hospital for travellers, by the prior of Carlisle, with the permission of Ranulph D’Engain, chief forester of Inglewood : it stands in the township of Low Caldbeck, and was new roofed and greatly embellished in 1818. There are three meeting-houses for the Society of Friends, who settled here in the time of George Fox, their founder, who resided for some time at Woodhall 3 but their number, although formerly considerable, is now reduced to a few families only. Robert Sewell, a natu- ral philosopher of considerable repute, was a native of the parish. CALDB RIDGE, a township, in the parish of Co- VERHAM, union ofLEYBURN, wapciitake of Hang-West, N. riding of York, 3 |; miles (S. W.) from Middleham 3 containing 95 inhabitants. This place, also named Cald- berg, comprises about 1500 acres, and includes the ham- let of East or Little Scrafton, which occupies the accli- vities on the east of the river Cover : lead-qre is obtained, though in small quantity, on the moors that adjoin Witton Fell. Here is a well, called St. Simon’s, for- merly in great estimation, but the properties of which are unknown 3 and it is probable that the monks of Coverham, who had land here, valued at £7. 13. 4. per annum, possessed near this well an oratory, designated St. Simon’s chapel. CALDECOT {Virgin Mary), a parish, in the union of Swaffham, hundred of South Greenhoe, W. divi- sion of Norfolk, 4 miles (N. E.) from Stoke-Ferry 3 containing 48 inhabitants, and comprising about 640 acres. The living is a discharged sinecure rectory, valued in the king’s books at £3. ]. IO5. 3 net income, £6 3 patron and impropriator. Sir H. R. P. Bedingfield, Bart. The church has been in ruins upwards of a cen- tury and a half, and the village has disappeared. CALDECOTE {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Caxton and Arrington, hundred of Longstow, county of Cambridge, 4 miles (E. by S.) from Caxton 3 containing 1 17 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, annexed to the rectory of Toft, and valued in the king’s books at £3. 11. 0^. : the tithes have been commuted for £69. A school-house, built by subscrip- tion, is endowed with £18 per annum, left by a late rector. CALDECOTE {St. David and St. Chad), a parish, in the union of Nuneaton, Atherstone division of the hundred of Hemlingford, N. division of the county of Warwick, l| mile (N. N. W.) from Nuneaton 3 con- taining 93 inhabitants. The parish comprises by mea- surement 668 acres, and is intersected by the river VoL. L— 457 Anker and the Coventry canal. On the north-east it is bounded by the Watling-street, which separates it from Leicestershire, and on the south-west by the road be- tween Nuneaton and Atherstone. The living is a dis- charged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 15., and in the gift of Dempster Heming, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £170. In 1647^ George Abbot bequeathed land, directing the annual produce, about £4. 10., to be expended in teaching children. CALDECOTT, a township, in the parish of Shock- LACH, union of Great Boughton, Fligher division of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, 5| miles (N. W.) from Malpas 3 containing 69 inhabitants. CALDECOTT {St. Mary Magdalene), a parish, in the union of Hitch in, hundred of Odsey, county of Hertford, 3 ^ miles (N. by W.) from Baldock 3 con- taining 41 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 319 acres, chiefly arable. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8, and in the patronage of W. Hale, Esq. : the tithes have been com- muted for £70, and the glebe comprises 14 acres. In the year 1724, several Roman urns, containing burnt bones and ashes, were discovered. CALDECOTT, a hamlet, in the parish of Chelves- TON, union of Thrapston, hundred of Higham-Fer- rers, N. division of the eounty of Northampton 5 con- taining 101 inhabitants. CALDECOTT, a chapelry, in the parish of Lid- DiNGTON, union of Uppingham, hundred of Wrandike, county of Rutland, 4 f miles (S.) from Uppingham 3 containing 260 inhabitants. The Welland, which here separates this county from Northamptonshire, and the small river Eye, flow through the chapelry, which com- prises 1089 acres of, in general, good land. The chapel is dedicated to St. John. CALDER-BRIDGE, a hamlet, in the parish of Pon- soNBY, union of Whitehaven, Allerdale ward above Derwent, W. division of Cumberland, 5 miles (S. E.) from Egremont. This place owes its origin and name to a bridge erected over the river Calder, and is celebrated for the remains of an abbey founded for Cistercian monks, by Ralph de Meschines, second earl of Chester and Cumberland, in 1134, in honour of the Virgin Mary, and the revenue of which, at the suppression, was £64. 3. 9- : the beautiful ruins are situated in a sequestered and well-wooded vale, and consist princi- pally of part of the transepts of the church, and a tower. The chapel was rebuilt in 1841, in aid of the expense of which, the Incorporated Society granted £1063 and a national school has lately been established, for the in- struction of the children of the poor. CALDEWGATE, a township, in the parish of St. Mary, city and union of Carlisle, E. division of Cum- berland 3 containing 5558 inhabitants. . CALDEY-GRANGE, a township, in the parish of West Kirby, union, and Lower division of the hundred, of WiRRALL, S. division of the county of Chester, 8§ miles (N. W. by N.) from Great Nest6n3 containing 152 inhabitants. Here is an endowed school. CALDEY, GrREAT, a township, in the parish of West Kirby, union, and Lower division of the hundred, of WiRRALL, S. division of the county of Chester, 6|: miles (N. W. by N.) from Great Neston 3 containing 104 inhabitants. 3 N C A L D CALL CALDICOT (St. Mary), a parish, in the union and division of Chepstow, hundred of Caldicot, county of Monmouth, miles (S. W.) from Chepstow 5 contain- ing 625 inhabitants. The name is said to have been derived from Cil y Coed, signifying the skirt of the wood.” The parish comprises by computation 2000 acres, the soil of which is dry and gravelly. Caldicot Level, a portion of the lands called ‘^the Moors,” was, in ancient times, subject to continual inundations 5 but the greater part having been drained by the monks of a religious house in the vicinity, it now forms a rich graz- ing district, protected from the encroachments of the sea by walls and embankments. Here are limestone quarries. The new passage ferry across the Bristol Channel is only two miles distant, and vessels under thirty tons’ burthen approach, at spring tides, to within about a mile of the village, which contains a lofty cross. The LIVING is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 0. patron. Sir E. Keynton Williams 3 impropriator, T. Rowland, Esq. : the great tithes have been commuted for £240, and the vicarial for £188, and the glebe contains about 15 acres. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is chiefly in the decorated and later English styles, and consists of a nave, chancel, and north aisle, with a square tower rising between the chancel and nave, and a very large south porch, sup- posed to have been a chapel. There is a place of wor- ship for Wesley ans. In 1680, Catherine Kemys gave a rent- charge of £3 for teaching children, and there are lands appropriated to the poor, of the value of £25 a year. Here stand the remains of a magnificent castle that formerly belonged to the Bohuns, Earls of Here- ford, as hereditary constables of England, and was held by the service of that office. The walls are of an oblong form, with round towers at the different angles 5 the principal entrance is under a lofty gate of smooth stone, flanked by others of massive construction ; and opposite to this grand gateway is another entrance, through a fine hexagonal tower with a machicolated battlement. Within are the ruins of several apartments, particularly the baronial hall. At the northern angle is a circular tower on a mound of earth, evidently the keep, encircled by a ditch, and another dilapidated circular tower stands at the southern angle 3 and the whole is still surrounded by a moat. CALDICOTE (St. Mary Magdalene), a parish, in the union of Peterborough, hundred of Norman- Cross, county of Huntingdon, l| mile (W. S. W.) from Stilton 3 containing 52 inhabitants. It is situated on the great north road from London to York. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 3. 6.3 net income, £1563 patron, William Wells, Esq. CALDICOTT, a hamlet, in the parish of Northill, hundred of Wixamtree, county of Bedford, 1^ mile (N. W. by N.) from Biggleswade 3 containing 509 inha- bitants, of whom 270 are in Upper, and 239 in Lower, Caldicott. CALDWELL, a township, in the parish of Stan- wick-St. John, union of Richmond, wapentake of Gilltng-West, N. riding of York, 5^ miles (E.) from Greta-Bridge 3 containing 209 inhabitants. This was formerly a place of much greater importance than it is at present. The township comprises by computation 2000 acres, of which the soil is light and fertile : the 458 Tees flows on the north, at the distance of about three miles from the village. A chapel of ease is in course of erection. A Roman military road passed through the township, and a variety of coins have been found in the - vicinity. CALKERTON, a ty thing, in the parish of Rod- marton, union of Cirencester, hundred of Long- tree, E. division of the county of Gloucester 3 con- taining 145 inhabitants. CALLALEY, with Yetlington, a township, in the parish of Whittingham, union of Rothbury, N. divi- sion of Coquetdale ward and of Northumberland, 10^ miles (W. by 8.) from Alnwick 3 containing 306 in- habitants. This place anciently gave name to its pos- sessors, and was granted, by Gilbert de Callaley, in the reign of Henry HI., to Robert Fitz- Roger, Baron qC Warkworth and Clavering, an ancestor of th^ present family of Clavering, one of the most ancient in the county. Callaley Castle, their residence, stands in a large and beautiful park, and the scenery around it is truly romantic and picturesque. Attached to the castle is a place of worship for Roman Catholics 3 and a house and garden are allowed by E. Clavering, Esq., to a master for teaching children at a reduced rate. On Castle Hill, a conical eminence, embosomed in woods, is a circular intrenchment, with vestiges of buildings, de- noting a British or Saxon position. CALLERTON, BLACK, a township, in the parish of Newburn, union and W. division of Castle ward, S. division of Northumberland, 6^ miles (N. W.) from Newcastle-upon-Tyne 3 containing 158 inhabitants. It is situated not far distant from the road between New- castle and Rothbury, and 3 J miles north-by-east from Newburn, and comprises 1377 acres, of which 1145 are arable, 197 meadow, 15 plantations, and 18 roads 3 of these, 800 acres are held by James Colbeck, Esq., under lease of Thomas Henry Graham, Esq., of Edmond Cas- tle, Cumberland, and are cultivated in the best manner. The rectorial tithes have been commuted for £220, and for the vicarial a modus of £6 is paid. A bequest of £9. 10. per annum, by Nathaniel Blackeston, is paid, and a house and garden assigned, for the instruction of children on the national plan 3 and William Alder be- queathed £3 per annum for apprenticing children. CALLERTON, HIGH, a township, partly in the parish of Ponteland, and partly in that of Newburn, union and W. division of Castle ward, S. division of Northumberland, 7j miles (N. W.) from^ Newcastle- upon-Tyne 3 containing 131 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 989 acres : the village stands a consider- able distance south of the church of Ponteland. The tithes have been commuted for rent- charges aiDount- ing to £127- 1. 8., of which £116. 1. 8. are payable to Merton College, Oxford, and £11 to the vicar of Ponte- land. Lady’s Land, in the township, consisting of about eight acres, belongs to Morpeth free school. CALLERTON, LITTLE, or Low, a township, in the parish of Ponteland, union and W. division of Castle ward, S. division of Northumberland, 7f miles (N. W. by W.) from Newcastle-upon-Tyne 3 containing 34 inha- bitants. It is situated on the Pont, and comprises 573 acres, of which 380 are arable, 150 pasture, and 43 wood and water : the soil is a strong clay, suitable for the culture of wheat. The township is the property of George Thomas Dunn, Esq. The tithes have been com- CALL C ALN muted for rent-charges amounting to £87. 6., of wliicb moderately undulated and well wooded^ and the soil is £77 are payable to Merton College^ Oxford,, and £10 to nearly of average fertility. The living is a perpetual the vicar of the parish. curacy, endowed with the rectorial tithes, and annexed CALLINGTON (St, Mary), a market-town and to the vicarage of Dewsall; acres of land are tither parish,, and formerly a borough, in the union of Lis- free, having formerly belonged to the fraternity of St. K.EARD, Middle division of the hundred of East, E. John of Jerusalem. The tithes have been commuted division of Cornwall, 10^ miles (S. by E.) from Laun- for £ 86 . 2. 10. 5 in addition to which, £12 a year are ceston, 14 (N.) from Plymouth, and 213 (W. S. W.) from received from fourteen acres of land, purchased a few London 3 containing 1685 inhabitants. This town, an- years ago, with an allowance from Queen Anne’s ciently called Calweton, Calvingfon, and Killington, is Bounty. The church is pleasantly situated on the sum- situated on a gentle acclivity, and consists principally mit of a hill overlooking, at a short distance, the high of two spacious streets 5 the houses are in general of road, and was rebuilt about the year 1831. The rent mean appearance, and irregularly built, but the town of four acres of land, bought with £100 bequeathed by is paved, and amply supplied with water. The inhabit- Henry Pearle, Esq., a native, is given to the poor on ants once had a considerable trade in wool, which has St. Thomas’s-day, when a distribution is also made of of late declined : mining is carried on to some extent, the interest of £80 in the savings’ bank at Hereford, There being several copper-mines in operation, the chief the produce of timber cut down on the land a few years of which are those at Holm-bush and Redmoor, the since. There are the remains of two Roman camps, former employing more than 100 persons 3 and there CALMSDEN, a tything, in the parish of North are also some manganese mines in the vicinity. The Cerney, hundred of Rapsgate, E. division of the market days are Wednesday and Saturday, of which county of Gloucester, 5^ miles (N. N. E.) from Cirem the former is for corn and provisions, and the latter for cester3 containing 65 inhabitants, meat only 3 and a cattle-market is held on the first CALNE (St. Mary), a Wednesday in every month. An excellent market-place borough, market -town, and has lately been opened, together with a corn-market 90 parish, and the head of a feet long, by the lord of the manor. Lord Ashburton 3 it union, in the hundred of is a very commodious building, ornamented with a colon- Calne, Chippenham and nade round it, supported on granite pillars. The fairs, Calne, and N. divisions of chiefly for cattle and sheep, are on the first Thursday Wilts, 30 miles (N. N. W.) in May and September, and the first Wednesday and from Salisbury, and 87 (W. Thursday in November. The county magistrates hold by S.) from London, on the a petty-session on the first Thursday in every month 3 road to Bath and Bristol; and a portreeve and other officers for the town are comprising the ty things of appointed annually at the court leet of the lord of the BJackland, Calstone, East- manor. The court-house, a commodious edifice, has mead- Street, Quemerford, been rebuilt by Lord Clinton. The borough first re- Stock,, Stockley, Studley, Whetham, and Whitley 3 and eeived the elective franchise in the 27th of Elizabeth, containing 5128 inhabitants, of whom 2483 are in the from which time it continued to< return two members of borough. This, place is of very remote origin, and parliament, till it was disfranchised by the act of the is supposed to have risen from the ruins of a Roman 2nd of William IV., cap. 45. The living is a perpetual station on the opposite side of the river, near the town curacy, annexed to the rectory of South- Hill : the glebe of Studley, where numerous Roman antiquities have comprises 50 acres. The church, a spacious structure, been discovered. It is said by tradition to have been containing three aisles, and constructed entirely of the residence of the West Saxon monarchs 3 but there granite, was chiefly built at the expense of Nicholas de are no vestiges of their palace or castle, the remem- Asheton, one of the judges of the court of King’s Bench, brance of which is preserved only in the name of a field who died in 1645, and to whose memory a marble tomb thought to have been its site, and of a street which is in the chancel : in the churchyarii is the shaft of an probably led to it. A synod was assembled here in ancient cross, on the upper part of which is a represen- 977, for adjusting the differences existing at that time tation of the Crucifixion. There are places of worship between the monks and the secular clergy, at which for Independents and Wesleyans. A school, endowed by Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury, presided. During Lord Orford, with £30 per annum, was continued by the controversy the floor of the chamber gave w^ay, and Lord Clinton, but ceased on the property passing into several of the secular priests were killed 3 but Dunstan, other hands : a handsome school-house has, however, and the monks whose cause he advocated, having es- lately been erected by subscription, which is highly caped unhurt, their preservation was regarded as a mi- ornamental to the eastern and southern entrances to the raculous interposition of Heaven, and they were allowed town. to take immediate possession of^the religious houses CALLOW, a hamlet, in the parish and hundred of throughout the kingdom, to the exclusion of the secular WiRKSWORTH, S. division of the county of Derry, clergy. The town consists principally of one long 2| miles (S. W.) from Wirksworth3 containing 112 in- street, lighted with gas 3 the houses are in general well habitants. built of stone, and the inhabitants are amply supplied CALLOW (St. Michael), a parish, in the himdred with water from springs, and from the river Marden, of Webtree, union and county of Hereford, 4 miles which, after passing through the town, falls into the (S. S. W.) from Hereford 3 containing 171 inhabitants. Avon. It has been much improved under the auspices It is situated on the road from Hereford to Ross, and of the Marquess of Lansdowne, whose extensive and comprises by measurement 582 acres 3 the surface is stately mansion is in the adjoining liberty of Bo wood 5 459 3 N 2 Corporation Seal. C A L N CALS and the environs abound with pleasing scenery. The wooilen-manufacture, formerly carried on to a great extent, is now conducted on a very limited scale 3 the articles are principally broad- cloth, kerseymere, and serge. A branch of the Wilts and Berks canal comes up to the town, and, uniting with the Kennet and Avon canal, and with the Thames at Abingdon, affords a facility of communication with London, Bristol, and the intermediate places. The market is on Wednesday ; and fairs are held on May 6 th and September 29 th, for cattle and sheep. The CORPORATION formerly consisted of two guild stewards, and an indefinite number of free burgesses, who annually appointed two constables 3 but the govern- ment is now vested in a mayor, four aldermen, and twelve councillors, under the act of the 5th and 6 th of William IV., cap. 7 d. The borough first sent members to parliament in the 23rd of Edward 1 . 3 from that time it made irregular returns until the reign of Richard II., since which it uninterruptedly returned two members 3 but, by the act of the 2 nd of William IV., cap. 45, the number was reduced ^ to one. The right of election, formerly in the members of the corporation, was, by the above act, extended to the £10 householders of the borough, the limits of which were increased from 800 to 8080 acres: the mayor is returning officer. A court of requests, the jurisdiction of which extends over the hundreds of Caine, Chippenham, and North Damerham, and the lordship of Corsham, is held every six weeks, for the recovery of debts under 40^. The town-hall is a neat and commodious building, erected by the lord of the manor, and has been lately repaired, and an upper story added, by the Marquess of Lansdowne 3 the lower part is used as a market-place. The living is a vicar- age, with Cherhill and Berwick- Basset annexed, valued in the king’s books at £ 8 . 5 . 3 net income, £769 j patron and appropriator, the Treasurer in the Cathedral of Salisbury. A portion of the vicarial tithes was com- muted for land in 1813. The church is a venerable structure, in the early English style, with a square em- battled tower, A district church, of which the first stone was laid at Derry Hill, in 1839^ by the Marquess of Lansdowne, attended by a large concourse of the nobility and gentry, was completed in 1840 3 it is an elegant edifice, in the later English style, with a spire, and contains 500 sittings, of which 400 are free, for the benefit of the inhabitants of Derry Hill, Studley, and Pewsham, many of whom are four miles distant from the mother church. The living was augmented in 1842 with £100 per annum, by the Ecclesiastical Commis- sioners. There are places of worship for Baptists, the Society of Friends, Methodists, and Unitarians. The free school was founded, in 1660 , by John Bentley, Esq., who endowed it with property, afterwards sold, and the produce vested in the purchase of annuities amounting to £50. Sir Francis Bridgman, Knt., in 1730 , founded six scholarships, of the value of £50 per annum each, in Queen’s College, Oxford, of which two are for natives of this town. Other schools, named after Finaroore, WoodrofFe, and Foreman, have each a small endow- ment 3 and a national school, and a school on the British system, are supported by subscription. The poor law union of Caine comprises 11 parishes or places, and contains a population of 9324. An hospital, dedicated to St. John, existed here in the reign of Henry HI., 460 the revenue of which, at the Dissolution, was £ 2 . 2 . 8 . At the distance of three miles to the east of the town is the figure of a horse, cut in the chalk hill, 157 feet long. CALOW, a township, in the parish and union of Chesterfield, hundred of S.carsdale, N. division of the county of Derby, 2 miles (E. by S.) from Chester- field 3 containing 536 inhabitants. There are extensive collieries in the neighbourhood, and a furnace for smelting iron-ore. CALSTOCK {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Liskeard, Middle division of the hundred of East, E. division of Cornwall, 5^ miles (E.) from Callington 3 containing 2553 inhabitants. This place anciently be- longed to the family of the Coteheles, of whom the last heiress, more than three centuries since, conveyed it by marriage to the Edgcumbe family, whose descendant, the Earl of Mount-Edgcumbe, is the present proprietor. In the reign of Richard III., Sir Richard Edgcumbe a zealous adherent to the Earl of Richmond, erected a chapel in the grounds of his baronial mansion, in com- memoration of his escape from the partisans of Richard III., by whom he had been pursued. In the reign of Charles II., that monarch passed several nights in this residence 3 and, in 1789^. it was visited by the Princess Royal, and the princesses Augusta and Elizabeth. The house is a spacious and highly interesting quadrangular structure, having on the north side a lofty square tower, containing the state apartments, with all their ancient furniture, which has been carefully preserved, and at- tached to it is the family chapel, a small neat edifice. In the grounds are the remains of the chapel erected by Sir Richard Edgcumbe, which has been much defaced by modern alterations, and externally retains but little of its original character. The parish is separated from those of Tavistock and Beer- Alston, in Devon, by the navigable river Tamar, which forms its boundary on the east and south, and over which are a ferry and a bridge : the surrounding scenery is richly diversified, and, espe- cially near Cotehele House, is singularly wild and beau^ tiful. The tide flows nearly to the centre of the parish, where is a weir 3 and a very productive fishery is carried on, in salmon and trout of excellent quality, with which the Tamar abounds. A steamer runs three times a week to Plymouth, distant upwards of twenty miles. The parish comprises by computation 5035 acres, of wffiich the surface on the hilly parts is shelfy, and the soil light 3 the remainder is tolerably good corn land. Mines of copper and tin are in operation 3 and a lead-mine, the ore of which is richly intermixed with silver, has been recently opened 5 the fine mineral Uranium is likewise procured, and there is a quarry of fine granite, of which considerable quantities were used in the erection of Waterloo Bridge. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £26. 7 * S|., and in the patronage of the Crown, in right of the duchy of Cornwall 3 net income, £510. The church is an ancient structure, with a lofty embattled tow^er, crowned by pinnacles 3 it stands upon a hill, and commands fine prospects. The parsonage- house was built, in 17 10 , by Launcelot Blackburn, Archbishop of York, then rector. There are several places of worship for dissenters 3 and a national school is supported by subscription. On Hengist Down are several tumuli : here also was fought a great battle be- tween the Saxons and ancient Britons. C A L V C A L V CALSTONE, a tytbing, in the parish, union,, and hundred of Calne, Chippenham and Caine, and N. di- visions of Wilts ; containing 219 inhabitants. CALSTONE-WELLINGTON (St. Mary), a parish, in the parliamentary borough, union, and hundred of Calne, Chippenham and Caine, and N. divisions of Wilts, 3 miles (S. E. by E.) from Caine •, containing 31 inhabitants. It comprises 183 acres , the surface is hilly, and the soil various, in some parts chalk, and in others a fertile loam. The living is a discharged rectory, va- lued in the king’s books at £4. 13. 4. 5 net income, £192^ patron, Marquess of Lansdowne. A portion of the vicarial tithes was commuted for land in 1813. CALTHORPE, Leicester. — See Cathorpe. CALTHORPE (St. Margaret), a parish, in the union of Aylsham, hundred of South Erpingham, E. division of Norfolk, 4 miles (N. by W.) from Aylsham 3 containing 214 inhabitants. It comprises 1048 acres, the soil of which is in general rich and loamy 3 a small tributary stream of the river Bure forms the boundary of the greater part. The living is a discharged vicarage, in the patronage of the Corporation of Norwich 3 im- propriator, Earl of Orford. The great tithes have been commuted for £195, and the vicarial for £138 3 the impropriate glebe consists of 34 acres, and the vicar’s comprises 23 acres. A school is partl}’^ supported by private charity. CALTHWAITE, a township, in the parish of Hes- ket-in-the-Forest, union of Penrith, Leath ward, E. division of Cumberland, 7 miles (N. N. W.) from Penrith 3 containing 206 inhabitants. The river Pet- terill, over which a bridge of one arch was built by subscription in 1793, flows on the eastern side of the village. CALTON, a chapelry, partly in the parish of Blore, N. division, and partly in the parishes of Croxden, BIayfield, and Waterfall, S. division of the hundred of Totmonslow, N. division of the county of Stafford, 5f miles (W. N. W.) from Ashbourn ; containing 244 inhabitants. It comprises about 1400 acres, of which the surface is hilly, and the soil in general rich and productive. The river Hamps, which separates the district from Waterfall, is said to disappear at Water- houses, and after running under ground for upwards of five miles, again to make its appearance near Ham. The Calton-Low quarries supply the material for lime to the greater part of the county. The living is a donative, in the patronage of the inhabitants 3 net income, £86, with a good parsonage-house. The chapel, a small edifice, dedicated to St. Mary, has not been consecrated. CALTON, a township, in the parish of Kirkby-in- Malham-Dale, union of Skipton, E. division of the wapentake of Stain cliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 7 miles (N. W.) from Skipton 3 containing 79 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 1730 acres, of which the surface is varied, and the land chiefly in pasture. Calton Hall, now a farm-house, was formerly the residence of the Lambert family, of whom General Lambert was one of the principal leaders of the parlia- mentarians in the reign of Charles I. CALYELEY, a township, in the parish of Bunbury, union of Nantwich, First division of the hundred of Eddisbury’, S. division of the county of Chester, 6 miles (N. W. by N.) from Nantwich 3 containing I90 inhabitants. This was the birthplace and residence of 461 the famous Sir Hugh Calveley, whose niece, in 1360, married Arthur, the sixth son of Sir John Davenport, of Merton, whose descendants have resided here up to the present time. A school is supported by Mrs. Da- venport. CALVER, a township, in the parish and union of Bakewell, hundred of High Peak, N. division of the county of Derby, 1 mile (E. S. E.) from Stoney-Middle- ton3 containing 5? 3 inhabitants. There are extensive lime-works 3 also cotton-mills, in which from 200 to 300 persons are employed. The village is situated on the river Derwent. A school is principally supported by the Earl of Newburgh, and Messrs. Heygate and Co. CALVERHALL, a chapelry, in the parish of Frees, union of Wem, Whitchurch division of the hundred of North Bradford, N. division of Salop 3 containing, with Willaston and Millenheath, 262 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £653 patron and impropriator, John W. Dodd, Esq. The chapel is dedicated to St. Bartholomew. CALYERLEIGH (St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Tiverton, Cullompton and N. divisions of Devon, 2 miles (N. W.) from Tiverton 3 containing 81 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement, 500 acres, about 50 of which are woodland, and the rest arable and pasture, in nearly equal portions. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12, and in the patronage of G. W. Owen, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £85. 13., and the glebe comprises 72 acres. In the church is a curious monument to a former proprietor, named Southcot, dated 1638. There is a Roman Catholic chapel. CALYERLEY (St. Wilfrid), a parish, in the union of Bradford, wapentake of Morley, W. riding of York, 5 miles (N. E.) from Bradford 3 containing, with the township of Bolton, and the chapelries of Idle and Pudsey, 21,039 inhabitants, of whom 4142 are in the township of Calverley cum Farsley, This extensive parish, which is within the honour of Pontefract, be- longed, at the time of the Conquest, to the family of the Lacys, by whom the manor was given to Gospatrick, Earl of Northumberland, and by one of his daughters and co-heiresses conveyed by marriage, in the reign of Stephen, to the family of Scot, whose descendants as- sumed the name of Calverley. The manor continued in that family till the year 1754, when Sir Walter Cal- verley, who took the surname of Blackett, sold it, with the whole of the estates, to the great-uncle of Thomas Thornhill, Esq., the present lord. The parish comprises 8644a. 3?'. 14p. 3 the soil is fertile, the surface is pleas- ingly varied, and the higher grounds command extensive and interesting views of the country adjacent. Calverley House is the residence of William Horsfall, Esq., and Woodhall, that of Daniel Peckover, Esq. The village is beautifully situated on the brow of an acclivity on the south side of Airedale, and partly on the bank of the river, and near the Leeds and Liverpool canal. The popu- lation is principally employed in the woollen-manufac- ture, for which there are extensive establishments 3 and there are also some stone-quarries and coal-mines. A court of requests was established in 1839. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9. 11. 10. 3 net income, £150, with a good glebe-house 3 patron, the Crown. The church is a venerable structure, in the later English style, with a square embattled tower, crowned C AL W C A M B by pinnacles, and contains several handsome monuments. There are places of worship for Baptists and Wesleyans 3 and a school is endowed with half of £16. 14. 6., arising from the sale of a house bequeathed by Joseph Hillary, Esq., in 1658. Here is an aluminous and chalybeate spring. — See Idle, Pudsey, Farsley, &c. CALVERTON {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Potter’s-Pury, hundred of Newport, county of Buckingham, 1 mile (N.) from Stony- Stratford 3 con- taining 493 inhabitants. This parish once included the western portion of Stony- Stratford, which was sepa- rated from it by act of parliament : the manor formerly belonged to Simon Bennet, Esq., who, during the com- monwealth, built the manor-house on the site of a more ancient structure. The parish comprises about 2000 acres, both the surface and soil of which are considerably varied 3 the river Ouse skirts it on the north. The sub- strata are chiefly limestone and sandstone 3 the former, which abounds with numerous fossil shells, is quarried for burning into lime and for building purposes. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £26.2. 11.3 net income, £3463 patron. Lord Arden : the tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1782 . The church is a neat plain edifice, erected in 1818, by Lord Arden and the Rev. George Butler, D.D., then rector 3 it has been embellished with stained glass, by the Rev. C. G. Perceval, the present incumbent, and the interior has a neat and pleasing appearance. The rectory-house, built by Lord Arden, in 1820, occupies the site of a small Roman camp, and numerous frag- ments of Roman pottery, with arrow-heads, and a spear, were discovered in forming the plantations. Six small almshouses w^ere built in 1830. A chalybeate spring, called the Bloody Hawk, was formerly much resorted to by persons who, on those occasions, formed groups for dancing to the violin. CALVERTON {St. Wilfrid), a parish, in the union of Basford, S. division of the wapentake of Thurgar- TON and of the county of Nottingham, 7 miles (N. N. E.) from. Nottingham 5 containing 1339 inhabitants. The parish is separated from that of Oxton by a small stream called Dover beck, which rises in the forest of Sherwood, and runs in a south-easterly direction into the Trent 3 it comprises by measurement 3300 acres. The chief manufactures are those of stockings and lace, which afford employment to about 6 OO persons. The village is of considerable extent, and situated in a picturesque valley. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s^ books at £4, and in the alternate patronage of the Pre- bendaries of Oxton, in the Collegiate Church of South- well, who are also impropriators 3 net income, £ 127 : the tithes were commuted for 203 acres of land, under an inclosure act passed in 1779. The church, erected in 1774 , is a neat and substantial edifice. There are places of worship for Baptists and Wesleyans, and for a sect peculiar to the parish, founded in the latter part of the last century, by John Roe. A school is endowed with £6 per annum 3 and £40 per annum, a house and garden, and four tons of coal, are also allowed by the trustees of Mr. Jonathan Labray’s Hospital. CALWICK, a township, in the parish of Ellastone, S. division of the hundred of Totmonslow, N. division of the county of Stafford, 3^ miles (S. W. by W.) from Ashbourn; containing 131 inhabitants. A hermitage w^as anciently established here, which was given to the 462 priory of Kenilworth before the year 1148, by Nicholas de Greselei Fitz-Nigell, and a small convent of Black canons placed therein. This house was assigned by Henry VIII. to the monastery of Merton, in Surrey, in exchange for the manor of East Moulsey, as parcel of which it was again granted by that monarch to John Fleetwood. CAM {St. George), a parish, in the union of Durs- LEY, Upper division of the hundred of Berkeley, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 1 mile (N.) from Dursley 3 containing 1851 inhabitants. This place is distinguished as the scene of a battle, fought between the Saxons and the Danes, in the reign of Edward the Elder. The parish, which takes its name from a rivulet that divides it into Upper and Lower, and falls into the Severn at Frampton, comprises 2531a. Ir. 26p.,. of which 2025 acres are pasture, 263 arable, arid 242 com-^ mon land 3 the soil is in general a strong clay. There are several quarries of white and of brown freestone, which, when kept dry, is of good quality for building 3 and facility of communication is afforded by the Glou- cester and Bristol railway, which crosses the lower part of the parish. A considerable portion of the land lies low, but the meadows afford excellent pasture, and the district is noted for the superiority of its cheese. The majority of the inhabitants are employed in the finer branches of the clothing trade, and the weavers of the place are among the best workmen in the kingdom. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 6 . 13. 4.3 net income, £150 3 patron and appropriator. Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol. The tithes have been commuted for £500, and the glebe consists of 23a. 2r. The church, which has been improved and newly pewed at a considerable expense, is an ancient structure, in the later English style : in the porch was formerly a figure of the patron saint, carved in wood, which, in the reign of Edward VI., was taken down and removed to Coin- brook, from which circumstance the George inn in that town received its name. There are places of worship for Independents and Wesleyans. In 1730, Mrs. Frances Hopton bequeathed an estate for a school, now producing nearly £200 per annum 3 and a national school is supported by subscription. CAMBERWELL {St. Giles), a parish and union, in the E. division of the hundred of Brixton and of the county of Surrey, 3;J miles (S.) from London 3 con- taining, with the hamlets of Dulwich and Peckham, 39,868 inhabitants. This place, in the Norman survey called Cambrewell, and in other ancient records Camerwell, appears to have been known at a very early period to the Romans, whose legions are by some antiquaries sup- posed to have here forded the Thames, and to have constructed a causeway leading from the river through the marshes in this parish, of which a considerable part, consisting of square chalk stones, and secured with oak piles, was discovered, fifteen feet below the surface of the ground, in digging the bed of the Grand Surrey canal, in 1809. In Domesday book mention is made of a church, and in the register of Bishop Edington, at Winchester, a commission dated 1346, for ^^reconciling Camberwell church, which had been polluted by blood- shed,” is still in existence. The village is pleasantly situated, and the beauty of its environs has made it the residence of many wealthy merchants in the metropolis : it is paved, and lighted with gas, and the inhabitants are C A M B C A M B amply supplied with water from springs, and from the works of the South London Company. The ancient pai^t of the village contains several spacious mansions in detached situations ^ the more modern is built on rising ground to the south-east, and comprises the Grove, Champion, Denmark, and Herne Hills, which are occu- pied by elegant villas, in a pleasing and appropriate style. In Union-row is a building, purchased a few years since, for the Surrey Literary Institution. There are several coal and coke wharfs, and a limekiln on the hanks of the Surrey Canal, which terminates in the parish, through which the London and Croydon railway also passes. By the act to amend the representation,” the whole parish, except Dulwich, was included within the limits of the new borough of Lambeth. The magi- strates for the district hold a meeting every alternate week; and the jurisdiction of the court of requests, held in the borough of Southwark, for the recovery of debts under £5, extends to this parish. A noted plea- sure-fair, held on the green for three days in the month of August, was abolished in 1840. The LIVING is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £20 ; net income, £1820 ; patron and impropriator, the Rev. Sir Edward Bowyer Smith, Bart. The great tithes have been commuted for £80, and the vicarial for £1100; the glebe comprises 21 acres, with a good glebe-house. The church, an ancient structure in the later English style, with a low embattled tower sur- mounted by an open lantern turret rising from the centre, and which contained numerous ancient monu- ments, was destroyed by an accidental fire on the morning of Monday, the 8th of February, 1841, and only the roofless walls left standing : a meeting of the parishioners was held on the 13th for the appointment of a committee, who, at a subsequent meeting, were empowered to raise £15,600, for the erection of a new edifice. The district church, dedicated to St. George, is situated on the bank of the Surrey canal, and is a hand- some structure in the Grecian style, erected in 1824, at an expense of £17,000, of which £5000 was a grant from the Commissioners for Building New Churches : the interior is well arranged, and adapted for a congre- gation of 1700 persons. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net value, £500 ; patron, the Vicar of Cam- berwell. Emanuel district church, situated in the High- street, near the old mansion-house, and of which the first stone was laid in 1841, has been completed at an expense of £6000, of which £2000 were contributed by the Metropolitan Church Building Society, £1000 by the Incorporated Society, and £1900 by Sir Edward Bowyer Smith, who also gave the site and a house for the minister, and presented the organ. It is a hand- some structure, of white brick, in the Norman style, with two towers, surmounted by small spires, at the east end, where is the principal entrance ; the interior is well arranged, and contains 1000 sittings, of which 500 are free. The first stone of a church on Herne- Hill was laid in June, 1843 ; it will be a brick building faced with Sneaton stone, in the English style, with a tower and steeple 115 feet in height; the extent of the plan is 115 feet from east to west, and the internal length of the nave 80 feet, and its breadth, including the side aisles, 50 ; of the windows, 25 will be of stained glass : the edifice will afford accommodation to 7OO persons ; the estimated cost is £4958. Two new churches have 463 been also erected at Peckham, where are also two pro- prietary Episcopal chapels, which are noticed in the account of that hamlet. Camden Proprietary Episcopal chapel, originally built in 1795, and subsequently en- larged, is a handsome edifice of brick, with a campanile turret. There is also a chapel, dedicated toBt. Matthew, on Denmark Hill, and which, though locally in this pa- rish, is dependent on that of Lambeth. There are places of worship for Baptists, Independents, and Wesleyans. The free grammar school, originally intended for 12 boys, was founded in 1618, by the Rev. Edward Wilson, vicar of the parish, who built the premises, and gave seven acres of land for its endowment, which are let on lease for £60 per annum, paid to the master, who has also a house rent-free, and the privilege of taking board- ers : the school is under the management of governors, who are a body corporate, and have a common seal. The Camberwell collegiate school is a proprietary esta- blishment, on the principles of King’s College, London, and under the patronage of the Bishop of Winchester ; the buildings, to which are attached two acres of garden and playground, are situated in the Grove, and are in the collegiate style, with a cloister in the centre of the front, forming the principal entrance. The Royal Naval school, formerly at Alfred House, Camberwell, has been recently removed to a spacious building, erected for its use at New Cross. The Green-coat school, on Cam- berwell Green, was established in 17^ 1^ by Henry Cor- nelison. Esq., and the original endowment has been increased by subsequent benefactions ; it is, however, chiefly supported by subscription. There are several national, Lancasterian, and infants’ schools in the parish, all well supported ; and of these, the principal are, the national school in the district of St. George’s, for which a handsome building, in the Elizabethan style, was erected in 1840; and the national schools attached to Christ-church, containing also accommodation for an infants’ school. Sir Edmund Bowyer, in 1626, be- queathed houses and land, producing £98. 10., for cha- ritable uses; Mrs. Abigail Bowles, in I676, gave 5 acres of land to the poor ; Mrs. Harriet Smith, in 1808, gave £3000 three per cents., the dividends on which are annually distributed among ten poor housekeepers ; and there are various other charitable bequests. Almshouses for 60 aged and destitute Christians of all denomina- tions, were erected in 1835, by the Aged Pilgrims’ Friend Society. The union, which comprises the whole extent of the parish, is under the management of fifteen guard- ians. On the south of the village is Ladland’s Hill, on which are the remains of a Roman camp, defended on the south side by a double intrenchment ; and in a field in the neighbourhood, called Well Hill, three large wells, 36 feet in circumference, and lined with cement, were discovered, from which the place probably derived its name. A head of Janus, 18 inches high, was found, about a century since, at a place designated St. Thomas’ Watering, where pilgrims used to stop on their way to Becket’s shrine ; and near it is a hill, called Oak of Honour Hill, from an oak under which Queen Elizabeth is said to have dined. The late Dr. Lettsom, an eminent physician, lived for many years in a beautiful cottage in the Grove, where he had an extensive library and philo- sophical apparatus ; and the uncle of George Barnwell, the hero of Lillo’s tragedy, resided in an ancient house, of which there are still some vestiges remaining. C A M B C A M B CAMBLESFORTH, a township, in the parish of built, but indifferently supplied with water : two book- Drax, union of Selby, Lower division of the wapen- clubs have been established. The Dolcoath copper-mine take of Barkstone-Ash, W. riding of York, miles has been sunk to the depth of 1000 feet, and extends (N.) from Snaith 3 containing 321 inhabitants. There laterally for more than a mile, in a direction from east is a charity school, with an endowment of £6 per an- to west j the number of persons employed exceeds 1500, num 3 likewise almshouses for six people, endowed with and the annual expenditure of the proprietors is more £100 per annum. The poor children also participate in than £50,000. There are several other mines, on a the advantages of the free grammar, school at Drax, smaller scale : the neighbourhood abounds with granite, liberally endowed by Mr. Charles Reed, in 1669. and there are an iron-foundry and a manufactory for CAMBO, a township, in the parish of Hartburn, safety fuzes used by the miners in blasting, together union of Morpeth, N. E. division of Tindale ward, employing about sixty persons. The market is on S. division of Northumberland, 11^ miles (W.) from Saturday; the market-house, a shed supported on pil- Morpeth 3 containing 99 inhabitants. The township lars of granite, was erected at the expense of Lord de comprises 630 acres, of which the greater part is rich Dunstanville. The fairs are on March 7th, June 5th pasture land. The village is on the road from Hexham and 29th, and November 12th, principally for cattle, to Alnwick : there is a small subscription library. The The county magistrates hold a petty-session for the ^ tithes have been commuted for £17. 10., payable to the district every alternate Tuesday 3 and a court leet is impropriator, and £19 to the vicar. A chapel has held in November, at which constables are appointed, lately been built. The school, which is on the national The parish comprises by computation about 6000 plan, has a small endowment left by Thomas and James acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s Cook 3 and some children are taught at the expense of books at £39. I6. 10^., and in the patronage of Lord de the Trevelyan family. Launcelot Brown, the late cele- Dunstanville : the tithes have been commuted for £900, brated landscape gardener, received his early education and the glebe comprises 40 acres. The church is an here. At Cambo was anciently a chapel, of which there ancient structure, principally in the later English style, are no remains : several tombstones have been dug up and contains several monuments to the family of Pen- near its site, but service has not been performed in it darves 3 the altar-piece is of marble handsomely sculp- since the reign of Elizabeth. There are also the ruins tured, and the pulpit of oak curiously carved. There of a peel-house, or fortalice, in the village. are places of worship for the Society of Friends, Wes- CAMBOIS, a township, in the parish of Bedlington, leyans, and Bryanifes. A free school, now conducted on union of Morpeth, E. division of Chester ward, the national plan, was founded, in 1763, by Mrs. Grace county of Durham, but on the eastern side, and for Percival, of Pendarves, who endowed it with a house election purposes attached to the N. division of North- and £21 per annum 3 and Francis Basset, Esq., left an umberland, 7| miles (E. by S.) from Morpeth 3 con- endowment of £5 per annum^ for teaching children, fdning 109 inhabitants. This township, which has There is a cromlech at Carwynen, in the parish. Mr. its name, pronounced Camus,” from being a place of Arthur Woolf, an eminent civil engineer, who died in barter or commerce, was once held under Ulf de Camhow, 1837:, was born here about the year 1765 3 he made and Nicholas, his son, by Walter de Camhow, as tenant, considerable improvements in the construction of steam- who was sheriff of the county in 1278 and 1279 3 and engines, and took out a patent Jor the application of the estate continued in the same family until it passed two cylinders. Mr. Richard Trevithic, who was born by marriage to the knightly family of Coventree, whence here in 1775, and died in 1835, in conjunction with it descended to the Fenwicks, of whom Sir John Fen- Captain Andrew Vivian, now residing here, constructed wick sold it, in 1689^ to Sir William Blackett, with the the first locomotive engine, for which they took out a rest of the Wallington property. Sir M. W. Ridley, patent, in 1802 3 they also constructed a high pressure Bart., is now the proprietor of the township, and lord steam-engine, and invented the cylindrical boiler with a of the manor to low-water mark. The lands extend single tube, which is very economical in the use of fuel, along the sea-shore, between the rivers Blyth and Wans- Mr. Bickford, resident here, invented, with Mr. Thomas beck 3 and the village is situated among rich pastures D’Arcy, the patent safety fuze used by miners for blast- on a dry green knoll, formed by the banks of the sea ing 3 and John Stackhouse, Esq., of Pendarves, who and the Wansbeck, which has here a ferry over it. was born here in 1748, and died in 1819, was author of There is a small harbour, where corn, timber, and grind- the ‘‘ Nereis Britannica,” and editor of the “ Theophrasti stones are shipped. Some spacious granaries were built Plantarum Historia.” during the late war with France, at which period a great CAMBRIDGE, a univer- quantity of grain was exported. About half a mile sity, borough, and market- south-east of the Wansbeck is a cluster of rocks, named town, having separate juris- Cambois ridge, the tops of which are dry at low diction, and forming a union water, but as this part of the coast is little frequented, and hundred of itself, in except by small vessels, accidents seldom occur. the county of Cambridge, CAMBORNE, (St. Martin), a market-town and on the river Cam, 51 miles parish, in the union of Redruth, E. division of the (N. by E.) from London 3 hundred of Pen with, W. division of Cornwall, containing 24,453 inhabit- 4 'miles (W. S. W.) from Redruth, and 267 (S. W.) from ants. This ancient town was London, on the road from Truro to Penzance 3 contain- the Grantan-brycge, Granta- ing 10,061 inhabitants. This town, situated in the hricge,ov Grante-hrige^oiiho. centre of an extensive district abounding with copper, Saxon Chronicle, signifying tin, and lead mines, consists of several streets, uniformly the Bridge over the Granta,” the ancient name of the 464 Seal and Arms. C A M B C A M B river Cam ; by the substitution of cognate letters, the Saxon compound was altered after the Norman Con- quest to Cantebrigey since contracted into Cambridge, The earliest authenticated fact in its history is its con- flagration, in 871, by the Danes, who established on its desolated site one of their principal stations, which they occasionally occupied until the year 901. When the Danish army quartered here had submitted to Edward the Elder, that monarch restored the town^ but, in 1010, the Danes again laid it waste. During the period that the Isle of Ely was held against William the Conqueror, by. the Anglo-Saxon prelates and nobles, William built a castle at Cambridge, on the site, as it is supposed, of the Danish fortress, including also the sites of twenty-seven other houses, which, according to Domesday book, were then destroyed. In 1088, the town and county were ravaged by Roger de Mont- gomery, Earl of Shrewsbury, who had espoused the cause of Robert, Duke of Normandy. Upon the agree- ment made in 1201, during the absence of Richard I. in Palestine, between Prince John and Chancellor Long- champ, the castle was among those which the chancellor was allowed to retain. The town was taken and de- spoiled by the barons, in 1215. King John was at Cambridge about a month before his death : soon after his departure, the castle was taken by the barons, and on his decease a council was held here between them and Louis the Dauphin. In 1265, the inhabitants of the Isle of Ely being in rebellion against Henry III., the king took up his abode in the town, and began to fortify it •, but being suddenly called away by the tidings of the Earl of Gloucester’s success, he left Cambridge without a garrison, in consequence of which it was plTpadered by the rebels in the isle, the townsmen having flea at their approach. On the death of Henry YI., the Duke of Northumberland, at that time chancellor of the university, aiming to place Lady Jane Grey on the throne, came hither with an army to seize the Lady Mary, who, being at Sir John Huddleston’s house at Sawston, and receiving intelligence of his design, escaped into Suffolk. The duke advanced towards Bury, but finding himself almost deserted by his forces, he re- turned with a small party to Cambridge, and proclaimed Queen Mary in the market-place, but was arrested for high treason the same night in King’s College. In 1643, Cromwell, who, before he acquired any celebrity as a public character, was for some time an inhabitant of the Isle of Ely, and twice returned for the borough of Cambridge, took possession of it for the parliament, and placed in it a garrison of 1000 men : in August, 1645, the king appeared with his army before Cambridge, but it continued in the possession of the parliamentarians until the close of the war. The town has suffered several times from accidental calamities: in 1174, the church of the Holy Trinity was destroyed by fire, and most of the other churches injured 5 in 1294, another conflagra- tion destroyed St. Mary’s church, and many of the adjoining houses 3 and in 1630, the plague raged so violently that the summer assizes were held that year at Royston ; the university commencement was postponed till October, and there was no Stourbridge fair. Situated in a fenny agricultural district, Cambridge owes its chief picturesque attractions to the number and variety, and in several instances to the magnitude and beauty, of the buildings connected with the university, Yol. I.— 465 and the w^alks and gardens attached to them. The town, which is upwards of a mile in length, and one mile in its greatest breadth, lies chiefly on the south- eastern side of the river 5 notwithstanding recent altera- tions, the streets in general are narrow and irregularly formed 5 but on the whole the town has been much improved by many elegant additions to the several col- leges and university buildings. The town was paved under an act passed in 1787, and has lately been drained at a great expense 3 the streets, and many of the public buildings, are lighted with gas 3 and an act was obtained, in 1834, to incorporate a company for affording a better supply. Water is procured from a conduit in the market- place, erected in the year 1614, by the eccentric and benevolent Thomas Hobson, carrier, and supplied by a small aqueduct communicating with a spring about three miles distant. Dramatic exhibitions are not per- mitted, within nine miles of the town, at any other period than that of Stourbridge fair, when, for three weeks, the Norwich company of comedians perform in a commodious theatre lately erected at Barnwell. Several public concerts are held in term-time, usually at the town-hall, when the best performers are engaged 5 and at the Public Commencements, which generally take place every fourth year, there are grand musical festivals. A choral society on an extensive scale has been formed 3 and there are several book societies, the most considerable of which has been established many years. Cambridge has lately become a considerable thorough- fare, particularly since the draining of the fens, and the formation of excellent roads towards the east and north- east coasts, over tracts previously impassable 3 and the Northern and Eastern railway, which is now in progress, will, when completed, pass close by the town. There is no manufacture 3 but a considerable trade in corn, coal, timber, iron, &c., is carried on with the port of Lynn, by means of the Cam, which is navigable to Cambridge. A great quantity of oil, pressed at the numerous mills in the Isle of Ely, from flax, hemp, and cole-seed, is brought up the river 3 and butter is conveyed hither weekly from Norfolk and the Isle of Ely, and sent by waggons to London. The markets, which are under the control of the university, though the tolls belong to the corporation, are held every day in the week, Saturday’s being the largest, and are excellently supplied with pro- visions : the market-place consists of two spacious oblong squares. There are two fairs : one of them, for horses, cattle, timber, and pottery, beginning on the 22nd of June, and commonly called Midsummer or Pot fair, is proclaimed by the heads of the uni versity, and the mayor and corporation successively. The other, called Stour- bridge fair, anciently one of the largest and most cele- brated in the kingdom, is proclaimed on the 18th of Sept, by the vice-chancellor, doctors, and proctors of the university, and by the mayor and aldermen, and con- tinues upwards of three weeks : the staple commodities exposed for sale are leather, timber, cheese, hops, wool, and cattle 3 the 25th is appropriated to the sale of horses. Both the fairs have been for some years de- clining. The town, though a borough by prescription, was first incorporated by Henry I., in the early part of his reign 3 and 24 other charters, none of which, how’ever, with the exception of that of the 5th of Richiird II., 3 O C A M B C A M B caused any material change in the municipal government, were granted previously to the charter of the Tth of Charles I., under which the officers of the corporation consisted of a mayor, four bailiffs, twelve aldermen, twenty-four common-councilmen, and two treasurers 3 others not named in the charter were a high steward, recorder, deputy- recorder, four councillors, two coroners, a town- clerk, and deputy town-clerk. The government is now, under the act of the 5th and 6th of William lY., cap. 76, vested in a mayor, ten aldermen, and thirty councillors 3 the borough is divided into the five wards of East Barnwell, West Barnwell, Market, Trinity, and St. Andrew 3 and the number of magistrates is twenty- five. The borough has returned members to parliament since the 23rd of Edward 1. : the right of election was formerly in the freemen not receiving alms, but, by the act of the 2nd of William lY., cap. 45, the non-resident freemen have been disfranchised, and the privilege has been extended to the £10 householders of the borough, the limits of which comprise 31Q5 acres : the returning officer is the mayor. The privilege of sending two re- presentatives was conferred upon the university by charter in the first of James I. 3 the right of election is vested in the members of the senate 3 the vice-chancellor is returning officer. The recorder holds a court of session quarterly 3 also a court of pleas, taking cogni- zance of actions, real and personal, arising within the town 3 and a court leet is held annually, for the appoint- ment of constables, &c. There are petty-sessions daily. The steward of the university holds a court leet twice a year, for inquiring into matters connected with weights and measures, and for licensing victuallers in the town, and the adjoining village of Chesterton. The Bishop and the Archdeacon of Ely hold their courts and have their 'registries here 3 and both the spring and the summer assizes, and the quarter-sessions for the county, are held at Cambridge. The shire-hall is a building, in the market-place, containing two courts, and resting upon arches faced with stone, beneath which are shops. The county courts, on the road to Ely, and opposite to the gaol, with which they have a subterraneous communica- tion, form a handsome structure of freestone from the Whitby quarries, recently erected in the Palladian style of architecture, at an expense of £11,000. The principal front, which projects from the main building, is 102 feet in length, and is divided into seven compart- ments, by a series of arches, of which five in the central portion form an open arcade, leading to the judges’ apartments and to the grand jury room and other offices, and are separated by single columns of the Tuscan order. The other two compartments, at the extremes, are inclosed with spacious Venetian windows, and ornamented with duplicated columns, together sup- porting an enriched entablature and cornice, surmounted by a balustraded parapet, divided into corresponding compartments by pedestals, of which those in the central portion support emblematical statues, and those of the extremes are crowned with ornamental urns. At each extremity of the front are handsome rusticated door- ways, leading to the main building, which is 136 feet in length, and of higher elevation than the front, and affording an entrance into those parts of the courts which are open to the public ; the court-rooms are each 51 feet in length, and 32 feet wide, and are commo- diously fitted up with oak. The town-hall, rebuilt in 466 1/82, is obscurely situated behind the shire-hall. A new and commodious town gaol, on the radiating prin- ciple, has been erected in the parish of St. Andrew- the- Less, on the north-east of the road to Colchester. The towm is a parliamentary polling-place for the shire, for which it is also the principal place of election. The ORIGIN of the Uni- versity is enveloped in great obscurity t it is, however, probable that Cambridge first became a seat of learning in the seventh century, when, as Bede in his Ecclesiastical History informs us, Sigebert, King of the East Angles, with the assistance of Bishop Felix, constituted within his University Arms. dominions a school in imi- tation of some that he had seen in France, and this is thought to have been estab- lished here. It is certain, that at a very early period the town was the resort of numerous students, who at first resided in private apartments, and afterw'ards in inns, where they lived in community under a principal, at their own charge. Several of these houses were at length deserted, and fell into decay 3 others were pur- chased in succession by patrons of literature, and, ob- taining incorporation with right of mortmain, received permanent rich endowments. It is belieyed that a regular system of academical education was first intro- duced in 1109, when the Abbot of Crowland having sent some monks, w^ell versed in philosophy and other sciences, to his manor of Cottenharn, they proceeded to the neighbouring town of Cambridge, whither a great number of scholars repaired to their lectures, which were arranged after the maimer of the university of Orleans. The first charter known to have been granted to the university is that in the 15th of Henry HI., conferring the privilege of appointing certain officers, called taxors, to regulate the rent of lodgings for students, which had been raised exorbitantly by the townsmen : this was about 60 years before the foundation of Peter-house, the first endowed college. In 1249, the discord between the scholars and the townsmen had arrived at such a pitch, as to require the interference of the civil power 3 and, in 1261, dissensions arose in the university between the northern and the southern men, which were attended with such serious consequences, that a great number of scholars, in order to pursue their studies without inter- ruption, withdrew to Northampton, where a university was established, and continued four years. In 1270, Prince Edward came to Cambridge, and caused an agree- ment to be drawn up, by virtue of which certain persons were appointed by the town and the university, to pre- serve the peace between the students and the inhabit- ants. In 1333, Edward III. granted some important privileges to the university, making its authority para- mount to that of the borough, and ordaining that the mayor, bailiffs, and aldermen, should swear to maintain its rights and privileges. These eminent favours caused the townsmen to be more than ever jealous of its authority 3 and their discontents broke out into open violence in the succeeding reign, when, taking advantage of the temporary success of the rebels of Kent and Essex, in 1381, the principal townsmen, at the head of C A M B GAME a tumultuous assemblage, seized and destroyed tbe uni- leges, in this literary republic, furnishes members both for yersity charters, plundered Benedict College, and com- the executive and the legislative branch of its govern^ pelled the chancellor and other members of the university to renounce their chartered privileges, and to promise submission to the usurped authority of the burgesses. These lawless proceedings were put an end to by the arriv^al of the Bishop of Norwich with an armed force 5 and the king soon after punished the burgesses, by depriving them of their charter, and bestowing all the privileges which they had enjoyed upon the university, together with a grant that no action should be brought against any scholar, or scholar’s servant, by a towns < man, in any other than the chancellor’s court. In 1430, Pope Martin V. decided, from the testimony of ancient evidence, that the members ^of the university were exclusively possessed of all ecclesiastical and spi- ritual jurisdiction over their own scholars. Richard II. restored to the burgesses their charter, with such an abridgment of their privileges as rendered them more subordinate to the university than they had previously been. On the first symptoms of an approaching war between King Charles and the parliament, the univer- sity stood forward to demonstrate its loyalty, by ten- dering the college plate to be melted for his majesty’s use. In 1643, the Earl of Manchester, at that time chancellor of the university, came to Cambridge, and, after a general visitation of tbe colleges, expelled all the members that were known to be zealously attached to the king and to the church discipline. In March, 1647, Sir Thomas Fairfax visited the university, and was re- ceived with all the honours of royalty at Trinity College 3 and on the 11 th of June he kept a public fast at the place. Queen Elizabeth visited Cambridge, Aug. 5th, 1564, and stayed five days, during which she resided at the provost's lodge. King’s College, and was entertained with plays, orations, and academical exercises 3 and on the 7 th of March, 1615, James I., with his son Henry, ]^ince of Wales, was here, and was lodged at Trinity College, which has ever since, on the occasion of royal visits, been the residence of the sovereign. King James honoured the university with another visit in 1625 3 and Charles I. and his queen w'ere here in 1632, when they were entertained with dramatic exhibitions. It has also been visited by Charles II., Oct. 14th, I 67 I, and Sept. 27 th, I 68 I 3 by William III., Oct. 4th, 1689 3 by Queen Anne and the Prince of Denmark, April l 6 th, 1705 5 by George I., Oct. 6 th, 1717 j and by George II., in April, 1728 ; on all which occasions the royal guests w^ere en- tertained by the university in the hall of Trinity College 5 and it was customary for the corporation to present them with 50 broad pieces of gold. Her present Majesty honoured the town with a visit, accompanied b>y his royal highness. Prince Albert, Oct. 25th, 1843. The University is a society of students in all the libe- ral arts and sciences, incorporated, in the 13th of Eliza- beth, by the name of the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge.” It is formed by the union of seventeen colleges, or societies, devoted to the pursuit of learning and knowledge, and for the better service of the church and state ; and each college is a body corporate, and bound by its own statutes, though controlled, as in Oxford, by the paramount laws of the university. The present statutes were given by QueenEli- zabeth, and, with former privileges, were sanctioned by parliament. Each of the seventeen departments, or col- 467 ment 3 the place of assembly is the senate^house. All per- sons who are masters of arts, or doctors in one of the three faculties, viz., divinity, civil law, and physic, having their names upon the college boards, holding any university office, or being resident in the town, have votes in the assembly. The senate is divided into two classes or houses 3 and according to this arrangement they are denominated regents, or non-regents, with a view to some particular offices allotted by the statutes to the junior division. Masters of arts of less than five years’ stand- ing, and doctors of less than two, compose the regent or upper house, or, as it is sometimes styled, the White- hood house,” from its members wearing hoods lined wdth white silk 3 and all the rest constitute the non- regent or lower house, otherwise called the Black- hood house,” its members wearing black silk hoods. But doctors of more than two years’ standing, and the public orator of the university, may vote in either house according to their pleasure. Besides the two houses, there is a council named the Caput, chosen on October 12 th, 'by which every university grace must be approved before it can be introduced to the senate 3 and this coun- cil consists of a vice-chancellor, a doctor in each of the three faculties, and two masters of arts, the last repre- senting the regent and. non-regent houses. No degree is ever obtained without a grace for that purpose : after the grace has passed, the vice-chancellor is at liberty to confer the degree. The university confers no degree whatever, unless the candidate has previously subscribed a declaration that he is hona fide a member of the Church of England, as by law established 3 for all other degrees, except those of B.A., M.B., and B.C.L., it is necessary that persons should subscribe to the 36th canon of the Church of England, inserted in the registrar’s book. The EXECUTIVE branch of the university government is committed to a chancellor, high steward, vice-chancel- lor, and other officers. The Chancellor is the head of the whole university, and presides over all cases relative to that body 3 his office is biennial, or tenable for such a length of time beyond two years as the tacit consent of the university chooses to allow. The High Steward is elected by the senate, who has special power to try scho- lars impeached of felony within the limits of the univer- sity (the jurisdiction of which extends a mile each way from any part of the suburbs), and to hold, a court leet, according to the established charter and custom 3 he has power, by letters-patent, to appoint a deputy. The Vice-chancellor is elected on Nov. 4th, by the senate 3 his office, in the absence of the chancellor, embraces the government of the university, according to the statutes 3 he acts as a magistrate both for the university and the county, and must, by an order made in 1587, be the head of some college. A Commissary is appointed by letters-patent under the signature and seal of the chan- cellor 3 he holds a court of record for all privileged per- sons, and scholars under the degree of M.A. A Public Orator is elected by the senate, and is the oracle of that body on all public occasions : he writes, reads, and re- cords the letters to and from the senate, and presents to all honorary degrees with an appropriate speech ; this is esteemed one of the most honourable offices in the gift of the university. An Assessor is specially appointed, by a grace of the senate, to assist the vice-chancellor in his 3 0 2 CAMP, C A M B court, in causis forensibus et domesticis. Two Proctors, who are peace-officers, are elected annually on Oct. 10th, by the regents only, and are chosen from the different colleges in rotation, according to a fixed cycle. A Li- brarian, Library -keeper, and Assistant Library -keeper, are chosen by the senate, to whom the management of the university library is confided. A Registrar, elected also by the senate, is obliged, either by himself or deputy, to attend all congregations, to give requisite directions for the due form of such graces as are to be propounded, to receive them when passed in both houses. Two Taxors are elected on Oct. 10th, by the regents only, who must be masters of arts, and are regents by virtue of their office 5 they are appointed to regulate the markets, and to lay the abuses thereof before the commissary. Two Scrutators are chosen at the same time- by the non- regents only 5 they are ex-officio non-regents, and attend all congregations, read the graces in the lower house, gather the votes, and pronounce the assent and dissent. Two Moderators, nominated by the proctors, and ap- pointed by a grace of the senate, officiate in the absence of the proctors. Two Pro-proctors are appointed, to assist the proctors in that part of their duty, which re- lates to the preservation of the public morals : this office was instituted by a grace of the senate, April 29th, 1818, and bachelors in divinity, as well as masters of arts, are eligible. Classical Examiners are nominated by the se- veral colleges, according to the cycle of proctors, and the election takes place at the first congregation after Oct. 4th. There are three Esquire Bedells, whose duty it is to attend the vice-chancellor. The University Printer, the Library -keeper, and Under Library -keeper, and the School-keeper, are elected by the body at large. The Yeoman Bedell is appointed by letters-patent under the signature and seal of the chancellor j and the Uni- versity Marshal by letters-patent of the vice-chancellor. The Syndics are members of the senate chosen to trans- act all special affairs relating to the university. The PROFESSORS have stipends allowed from various sources 3 some from the university chest, and others from her Majesty’s government, or from estates left for the purpose. Lady Margaret* s Professorship of Divinity was instituted, in 1502, by Margaret, Countess of Rich- mond, mother of Henry VII., the election to be every two years. The Regius Professorship of Divinity was founded by Henry VIII., in 1540 3 the candidates may be either bachelors, or doctors in divinity. The Regius Professorship of Civil Law was also established by Henry VIII. in 1540 3 the professor is appointed by the Queen, and continues in office during her Majesty’s pleasure. The Regius Professorship of Physic, instituted at the same time, may be held for life 3 the appointment is by the Queen. The Regius Professorship of Hebrew was likewise founded at the same time ; a candidate must not be under the standing of M.A. or B.D. 3 but doctors of all faculties are excluded. A Professorship of Arabic was established by Sir Thomas Adams, Bart, in 1632. The Lord Almoner s Reader and Professorship of Arabic is in the gift of the lord almoner, and the stipend is paid out of the almonry bounty. The Lucasian Professorship of Mathematics was instituted in 1663, by Henry Lucas, Esq., M.P. for the university 3 a candidate must be M.A. at least, and well skilled in mathematical science. The Professorship of Casuistry was founded in 1683, by John Knightbridge, D.D., fellow of St. Peter’s : a candi- 468 date must be a bachelor or doctor in divinity, and not less than 40 years of age. The Professorship of Music was established by the university, in 1684. The Profes- sorship of Chemistry was founded by the university, in 1702. The Professorship of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy was instituted in 1704, by Dr. Plume, Arch- deacon of Rochester. The Professorship of Anatomy was founded by the university, in I707. The Professorship of Modern History was established by George I., in I7243 the professor is appointed by the Queen, and holds the office during her Majesty’s pleasure 5 he must be either a master of arts, or bachelor in civil law, of a superior degree. The Professorship of Botany was founded by the university, in 1/24, and has since been made a patent office. The Professorship of Geology was instituted by Dr. Woodward, in 1727 3 only unmarried men are eli - gible. The Professorship of Astronomy and Geometry was founded by Thomas Lowndes, Esq., in 1749. The Norrisian Professorship of Divinity was founded by John Norris, Esq., of Whittoii, in the county of Norfolk, in 1768: the professor cannot continue in office longer than five years, but may be re-elected : he may be a member of either university, may be lay or clerical, but cannot be elected under his 30th, nor re-elected after his 60th year. The Professorship of Natural and Experi- mental Philosophy was established in 1783, by the Rev. Richard Jackson, M.A. 5 a member of Trinity College is to be preferred, and next, a candidate from the counties of Stafford, Warwick, Derby, or Chester. The Downing Professorship of the Laws of England, and the Downing Professorship of Medicine, were founded in pursuance of the will of Sir George Downing, Bart., K.B., in 1800. The Professorship of Mineralogy was instituted by the university, in 1808, and afterwards endowed by her Majesty’s government. The title of Professor of Politi- cal Economy was conferred by a grace of the senate in May, 1828, on George Pry me. Esq., M.A., late fellow of Trinity College, and is to be a permanent professorship. Lady Margaret's Preachership was founded in 1503 3 doctors, inceptors, and bachelors of divinity, are alone eligible, one of Christ’s College being preferred. The Barnaby Lectureships, four in number, viz,, in mathe- matics, philosophy, rhetoric, and logic, are so called from the election taking place on St. Barnabas’-day, June 11th: the mathematical lecture was founded at a very early period, by the university 3 and the other three were endowed in 1524, by Sir Robert Rede, lord chief justice of the court of common pleas in the reign of Henry VIII. The Sadlerian Lectureships in Algebra, seventeen in number, were founded by Lady Sadler, and the lectures commenced in I7IO: the lecturers were required to be bachelors of arts at least 3 the lecture- ships are tenable only for ten years, and no one can be elected unless previously examined and approved by the mathematical professor. The Rev. John Hulse, who was educated at St. John’s College, and died in 1789, bequeathed his estates in Cheshire to the university, for the advancement and reward of religious learning 3 the purposes to which he appropriated the income being, first, the maintenance of tw-o scholars at St. John’s College 3 secondly, to recompense the exertions of the Hulsean prizemen 3 thirdly, to found and support the office of Christian Advocate 3 and, fourthly, that of the Hulsean Lecturer, or Christian Preacher. The Christian Advocate must be a learned and ingenious person, of the degree of C A M B C A M B master of arts, or of bachelor or doctor of divinity, of thirty years of age, and resident in the university ; he has to compose yearly, while in office, some answer in English to objections brought against the Christian religion, or the religion of nature, by notorious infidels. The office of the Hulsean Lecturer, or Christian Preacher, is annual 5 but the same individual may, under certain circumstances, be re-elected for any number of successive years not exceeding six : the preacher is afterwards in- eligible to the office of Christian Advocate : his dutj’^ is, to preach and print twenty sermons in each year, the subject of them being to show^ the evidences of revealed religion, or to explain some of the most obscure parts of the Holy Scriptures. William Worts, M.A., of Caius College, formerly one of the esquire bedells of the uni- versity, gave two pensions, of £100 per annum each, to tW'O junior bachelors of arts, who are requiiJ'ed to visit foreign countries, to take different routes, and to write, during their travels, two Latin letters each, descriptive of customs, curiosities, &c. : the annuity is continued for three years, the period they are required to be absent. The PRIZES for the encouragement of literature, the competition for which is open to the university at large, amount annually to nearly £1200 in value, three-fourths of which are given for the classics and English compo- sition, and the remainder for mathematics. The amount of the annual prizes in the different colleges is upwards of £300, two-thirds of which are for the encouragement of classical literature. Two gold medals, value £15. 15. each, are presented annually by the chancellor to two commencing bachelors of arts, who, having obtained senior optimes at least, show the greatest proficiency in classical learning : these prizes were established in 1751, by the Duke of Newcastle, then chancellor. The mem- bers of parliament for the university give four annual prizes, of £15. 15. each, to two bachelors of arts and two under-graduates, who compose the best disserta- tions in Latin prose : these were founded by the Hon, Edward Finch and the Hon, Thomas Townsend. Sir Ed- ward Browne, Knt,, M,D., directed three gold medals, value £5. 5. each, to be given yearly to three under- graduates on the commencement day 3 the first to him who writes the best Greek ode in imitation of Sappho 5 the second for the best Latin ode in imitation of Horace ; the third for the best Greek and Latin epigrams, the former after the manner of the Anthologia, the latter on the model of Martial. The Rev. Charles Burney, D.D., and the Rev. John Cleaver Bankes, M.A., only surviving trustees of a fund raised by the friends of the late Pro- fessor Porson, and appropriated to his use during his lifetime, transferred to the university by deed, bearing date Nov. 27th, 1816, the sum of £400 Navy five per cents, upon trust, that the interest should be annually employed in the purchase of one or more Greek books, to be given to such resident under- graduate as shall make the best translation of a proposed passage selected from the works of Shakspeare, Ben Jonson, Massinger, or Beaumont and Fletcher, into Greek verse. The Rev, Robert Smith, D.D,, late master of Trinity College, left two annual prizes, of £25 each, to two commencing bachelors of arts, the best proficients in mathematics and natural philosophy. John Norris, Esq,, founder of the divinity professorship, bequeathed a premium of £12 per annum, of which £7. 4. are to be expended on a gold medal, and the remainder in books, to the author 469 of the best prose essay on a sacred subject, to be pro- posed by the Norrisian professor. The Rev. John Hulse, mentioned above, directed that, out of the rents and profits of the estates which he bequeathed to the uni- versity, an annual premium of £40 should be given to any member, under the degree of M.A., who should compose the best dissertation on any argument proving the truth and excellence of the Christian religion. The Rev, Thomas Seaton, M.A., late fellow of Clare Hall, be- queathed an estate, producing a clear income of £40 per annum, to be given yearly to a master of arts who should write the best English poem on a sacred subject. The university Scholarships are as follow. John, Lord Craven, founded two classical scholarships, tenable for fourteen years, of £25 per annum each : by a decree of the court of chancery, in 1819, the income of the scholars has been augmented to £50, and three addi- tional scholarships founded, which are tenable for seven years only. William Battie, M,D,, left an estate pro- ducing £18 per annum, to endow a scholarship similar to the preceding. Sir William Browne left a rent- charge of £21 for endowing a scholarship tenable for seven years. The Rev. J, Davies, D.D., provost of Eton Col- lege, bequeathed, in July, 1804, the sum of £1000 three per cents., to found a scholarship similar to Lord Cra- ven’s, for the greatest proficient in classical learning. The Rev, William Bell, D.D., late fellow of Magdalen College, in 1810, transferred £15,200 three per cents, to establish eight new scholarships, for sons or orphans of clergymen of the Church of England. By a grace of the senate, Dec. 9th, 1813, it was directed that the sum of £1000, given by the subscribers to Mr. Pitt’s statue, for the purpose of founding the Pitt scholarship, and af- terwards augmented by a donation of £500 from the Pitt Club, should be placed in the public funds until the syndics were able to vest it in land, the clear annual in- come to be paid to the scholar. The Rev, Robert Tyr- whitt, M.A,, fellow of Jesus’ College, who died in 1817, bequeathed £4000 Navy five per cents, for the encourage- ment of Hebrew learning 3 and in the following year the senate decreed the foundation of three Hebrew scholar- ships, which number, in 1826, was increased to six, a scholar of the first class receiving an annual stipend of £30, and one of the second class a stipend of £20, for three years. The number of scholarships and exhibi- tions in the university is upwards of 700. The annual Income of the university chest is about £16,000, in- cluding about £3000 of floating capital : it arises from stock in the funds, lands, houses, fees for degrees, government annuity (for the surrender of the privilege of printing almanacs), profits of the printing-office, 8:c. The expenditure is about £12,000, disbursed to the various officers, the professors, the library and schools, the university press, and in taxes, donations to charities, &c. The whole is managed by the vice-chancellor for the year, and the accounts are examined by three auditors appointed annually by the senate. There are two Courts of Law, namely, the consistory court of the chancellor, and the consistory court of the commissary. In the former, the chancellor, or vice- chancellor, assisted by some of the heads of colleges, and one doctor or more of the civil law, administers jus- tice in all personal pleas and actions arising within the limits of the university, wherein a member of the uni- versity is a party, which, excepting only such as concern C A M B C A M B mayhem and felony, are to be here solely heard and decided : the proceedings are according to the course of the civil law, and from the judgment of the court an appeal lies to the senate. In the commissary’s court, the commissary, by authority under the seal of the chancellor, sits both in the university, and at Midsum- mer and Stourbridge fairs, to proceed in all cases, ex- cepting those of mayhem and felony, wherein one of the parties is a member of the university, excepting that within the university all causes and suits to which one of the proctors or taxors, or a master of arts, or any one of superior degree, is a party, are reserved to the sole jurisdiction of the chancellor or vice-chancellor : the manner of proceeding is the same as in the chancellor’s court, to which an appeal lies, and thence to the senate. The Terms, three in number, are fixed : October, or Michaelmas, term begins on Oct. 10 th, and ends on Dec. I 6 th 5 Lent, or January, term begins on Jan. 13th, and ends on the Friday before Palm- Sunday j and Easter, or Midsummer, term begins on the eleventh day after Easter-day, and ends on the Friday after Com- mencement day, which last is always the first Tuesday in July. The several orders in the different colleges are as follow. A Head of a college or house, who is generally a doctor in divinity^ Fellows, who are usually doctors in divinity, civil law, or physic, bachelors in divinity, masters or bachelors of arts j the number is about 400. Noblemen Graduates, Doctors in the several faculties. Bachelors in Divinity, who have been masters of arts,* and Masters of Arts, who are not on the foundation, but whose names are kept on the boards for the purpose of being members of the senate. Graduates, who are neither members of the senate nor in statu pupillari, and are bachelors in divinity denominated four-and-twenty men, or ten-year men ; they are allowed by the ninth statute of Queen Elizabeth, which permits persons who are ad- mitted to any college, 24 years of age and upwards, to take the degree of bachelor in divinity, when their names have remained on the boards ten years. Bachelors in Civil Law and in Physic, who sometimes keep their names upon the boards until they become doctors! Bachelors of Arts who are in statu pupillari, and pay for tuition whether resident or not, and generally keep their names on the boards, either to show their desire to be- come candidates for fellowships, or members of the senate. Fellow Commoners, who are generally the younger sons of the nobility, or young men of fortune, and have the privilege of dining at the fellows’ table j they are equivalent to gentlemen commoners at Oxford. Pen- sioners and Scholars, who pay for their respective com- mons, rooms, &c. •, but the latter are on the foundation, and, from the enjoyment of scholarships, read the graces in hall, the lessons in chapel, &c. Sizars are mostly men of inferior fortune, who usually have their commons free, and receive various emoluments. The terms required by the statutes to be kept for the several degrees are as follow. A bachelor of arts must reside the greater part of twelve several terms, the first and last excepted. A master of arts must be a bachelor of three years’ standing. A bachelor in divinity must be M.A. of seven years’ standing. A bachelor in divi- nity (ten-year man) is allowed, by the ninth statute of Queen Elizabeth, to take the degree of B.D. at the end of ten years, without having taken any other. A doctor 470 in divinity must be a bachelor in divinity of five years’, or a master of arts of twelve years’, standing. A ba- chelor in civil law must be of six years’ standing com- plete, and must reside the greater part of nine several terms : a bachelor of arts of four .years’ standing may be admitted to this degree. A doctor in civil law must be of five years’ standing from the degree of B.C.L., or, a master of arts of seven years’ standing. A bachelor in physic must reside the greater part of nine several terms, and may be admitted any time in his sixth year. A doctor in physic is bound by the same regulations as a doctor in civil law. A licentiate in physic is required to be M. A. or M. B. of two years’ standing, A bachelor in music must enter his name at some college, and compose and perform a solemn piece of music as an exercise before the university. A doctor in music is generally a bachelor in music, and his exercise is the same. The ordinary Course of Study preparatory to the. degree of bachelor of arts may be considered under the three heads of Natural Philosophy, Theology and Moral Philosophy, and the Belles Lettres. On these subjects, besides the public lectures delivered by the several pro- fessors, the students attend the lectures of the tutors of their respective colleges. In addition to a constant at- tendance on lectures, the under-graduates are examined in their colleges, yearly or half-yearly, on those branches of learning which have engaged their studies 3 and, ac- cording to the manner in which they acquit themselves their names are arranged in classes, and those who obtain the honour of a place in the first class receive prizes of books, differing in value, according to merit. By this course the students are prepared for those pub- lic examinations and exercises which the university re- quires of all candidates for degrees. The first of these takes place in the second Lent term after the commence- ment of academical residence, at the general public ex- amination held annually in the senate-house, in the last week of that term, and continues for four days 3 two. classes, each arranged alphabetically, are formed out of those examined, the first consisting of those who have passed their examination with credit, and the second of those to whom the examiners have only not refused their certificate of approval. Those who are not ap- proved by the examiners are required to attend the examination of the following year, and so on 3 and no degree of B.A., M.B., or B.C.L., is granted unless a cer- tificate be presented to the Caput that the candidate for such degree has passed, to the satisfaction of the. examiners, some one of these examinations. The stu- dent, having passed this preparatory step, has next to perform the exercises required by the statutes for the degree which he has in view. By a late regulation of the court of directors of the Plonourable the East India Company, with the approbation of the! Board of Com- missioners for the affairs of India, an examination has been appointed for those candidates for writerships in the service of the company, who have not resided in the college at Haileybury. An examiner is appointed by each university, and the examination takes place at the India House. The present number of members of the university is 5973, of whom 3116 are of the senate. The principal public buildings belonging to the university are, the senate-house, the public schools, and the library 3 the first forming the north, and the others C A M B C A M B tlie west, side of a grand quadrangle, w’hicli has Great St. Mary’s church on the east, and King’s College chapel on the south. The Senate House is an elegant building of Portland stone, erected from a design by Sir James Burrough, at the expense of the university, aided by an extensive subscription 5 the foundation was laid in 1722, but it was not entirely completed until I766. - The ex- terior is of the Corinthian order, and the interior of the Doric, capable of accommodating 1000 persons 3 near the centre of one side of the room is a marble statue of George I., by Rysbrach, executed at the expense of Lord Viscount Townshend 5 and opposite to it is that of George II. by Wilton, executed in I766, at the cost of the Duke of Newcastle ; at the east end, on one side of the entrance, is a statue of the Duke of Somerset, by Rysbrach j and on the other one of William Pitt, by Nollekins, erected by a subscription at Cambridge, amounting to upwards of £7000. The Public Schools, in which disputations are held and exercises performed, were commenced on their present site in 1443, at the expense of the university, aided by liberal benefactions : they form three sides of a small court, the philosophy school being on the west, the divinity school on the north, and the schools for civil law and physic on the south 5 on the east is a lecture-room for the professors, fitted up in 1795. Connected with the north end of the philosophy school, is an apartment containing the valuable mineralogical collection presented by Dr. Wood- w^ard, in 1727. * The magnificent public Library occupies the whole quadrangle of apartments over the schools, and consists of four large and commodious rooms, con- taining upwards of 100,000 volumes : at the commence- ment, it occupied only the apartment on the east side, but ^^s afterwards extended to the north side also. Its most important acquisition was in the early part of ' the last century, when George I., having purchased of the executors of Dr. Moore, Bishop of Ely, that prelate’s collection of books, amounting to upw'ards of 30,000 volumes, for £6000, gave them to the university, at the same time contributing the sum of £2000 towards fitting up rooms for their reception. The upper part of a mu- tilated colossal statue, from the temple of Ceres, at Eleusis, the gift of Messrs. Clarke and Cripps, of Jesus’ College, by whom it w^as brought to England, is placed in the vestibule. The rents of the university’s estate at Ovington, in the county of Norfolk, are appropriated to the purchase of books for the library, that estate having been bought with money given, in 1666, by Tobias Rustat, Esq., to be so employed. William Worts, M.A., Fellow of Cains College, bequeathed the annual surplus of the produce of his estate at Landbeach, in Cam- bridgeshire, to be applied to the use of the library j and a quarterly contribution of one shilling and sixpence ‘ from each member of the university, excepting sizars. 1838, frorh the designs of Mr. G. Basevi, and forms nearly a square of I6O feet ; the principal or east front is a rich composition, with 1 4 columns of the Corinthian order, surmounted by a pediment. The ground-floor contains three rooms for libraries, extending along the west front, and communicating with two others, one to the south for medals, and that to the north for terra- cottas, &c. 5 the upper hall is 70 feet by 46, and will contain casts from the antique, &c. There are also three picture galleries, the floors of which, and also those of the libraries, will be of Dutch oak. The Bota- nical Garden occupies between three and four acres on the south-east side of the town, conveniently disposed and well watered j it was purchased, with a large old building that formerly belonged to the Augustine friars, for £1600 by the late Richard Walker, vice-master of Trinity College. The building having been sold, a new one has been erected for the use of the lecturers in chy- mistry and botany. The garden is under the govern- ment of the vice-chancellor, the provost of King’s Col- lege, the masters of Trinity and St, John’s colleges, and the Professor of Physic. The Anatomical School, situated near Catherine Hall,, contains a large collection of rare and valuable prepara- tions, including the museum of the late professor. Sir B. Harwood, and a set of models beautifully wrought in wax, recently imported from Naples 5 it is a small building conveniently fitted up, with a theatre for the lectures on anatomy and medicine, which are delivered in Lent term. Measures for the establishment of an Observatory were first adopted in 1820, when a sum of £6000 was subscribed by the members of the university, to which £5000 were added out of the public chest by a grace of the senate. The building was commenced in the year 1822, and completed at an expense exceeding £18,115 3 it stands on an eminence, about a mile from the college walks, on the road to Madingley, and is in the Grecian style 5 the centre, surmounted by a dome,'is appropriated to astronomical purposes, and the wings for the residence of the observers. The superintendence is vested in the Plumian professor, under whose direction are placed two assistants, who must be graduates of the university, and are chosen for three years, being capable of re-election at the. expiration of that term. The Philo- sophical Society instituted Nov. 15th, 1819, for the purpose of promoting scientific inquiries, and of faciUtat- ing the communication of facts connected with the ad- vancement of philosophy and natural history 5 it consists of fellows and honorary members, the former being elected from such persons only as are graduates of the university, and no graduate or member of the university can be admitted an honorary member. Attached to the society is a reading-room, supplied with the principal literary and scientific journals, and the daily news- is also made towards its support. The superintendence of the university press is committed by the senate to syndics, who meet to transact business in the parlour of the printing-office, and cannot act unless five are pre- sent, the vice-chancellor being one. Richard, Viscount Fitzwilliam, formerly of Trinity Hall, who died in IS 16, bequeathed to the university his splendid collection of books, paintings, drawings, engravings, &c., together with £100,000 South Sea annuities, for the erection of a Museum to contain them 5 and the collection has since been augmented by many valuable donations. The building was commenced in St. Peter’s College, commonly called Peter-house, was founded in 1257, by Hugh de Balsham, Bishop of Ely. There are sixteen fellow- ships on the foundation, to which no person can be elected who is not M.A., or of sufficient standing to take that degree 5 and there can- not be more than two fellows from any one county, except those of Cambridge and Mid- dlesex, each of which may have four ; one-fourth of 471 C A M B C A M B the foundation fellows are required to be in priest’s founded by Archdeacon Johnson, with preference to per- orders. By Queen Elizabeth’s licence the five senior sons educated at Oakham and Uppingham schools. The clerical fellows may hold, with their fellowships, any visiters are, the chancellor, and two persons appointed living not rated higher than £^0 in the king’s books, by a grace of the senate. The number of members on and within twenty miles of the university. There are the boards is IJd. This hall, one of the most uni- ten bye- fellows distinct from the former, and not en- form buildings of the university, is very pleasantly titled to any office or vote in the affairs of the college, situated on the eastern bank of the Cam, over which but eligible to foundation fellowships. There are fifty- it has an elegant stone bridge, leading to a shady walk, nine scholarships, of different value, which are paid opening into a beautiful lawn surrounded by lofty elms, according to residence 3 also an exhibition from the It was rebuilt in 1638, of Ketton stone, and consists Company of Clothworkers, and one from the Ironmon- of one grand court, 150 feet long, and 111 broad 3 gers’ Company. The Bishop of Ely is visiter, and ap- the front towards the fields is very handsome, being points to the mastership one of two candidates nominated adorned with two rows of pilasters, the lower in the by the society. The number of members on the boards Tuscan, the upper in the Ionic order. The chapel, the is 222 . The college, which stands on the west side of rebuilding of which, from an elegant design by Sir Trumpington-street, consists of three courts, two of James Burrough, was completed in 1769^ at an expense which are separated by a cloister and gallery : the of £7000, is remarkable for the neatness of its stucco- largest of these is 144 feet long, 84 broad, and cased work. Among the Society’s eminent members, &c., were with stone 3 the least, next the street, is divided by the Thomas Phili pot, the herald and antiquary 3 Archbishops chapel, and has on the north side a lofty modern build- Heath and Tillotson 3 Bishops Hugh Latimer, Gunning, ing faced with stone, the upper part of which commands Moore, and Henchman 3 George Ruggle, author of Igno- an extensive prospect of the country towards the south 3 ramus ; Dr. Burnet, author of the Theory of the Earth ; the third was completed in 1826, by means of a dona- John Parkhurst, the lexicographer 3 Dr. Cudworth, tion from a late fellow, the Rev. Eras. Gisborne, from author of the Intellectual System; William Whiston 3 whom it is called the Gisborne Court. The chapel, a Martin Folkes 3 Dr. Langhorne 3 Whitehead, the poet- handsome structure, erected by subscription in 1632, is laureate 3 Thomas Cecil, Earl of Exeter 3 Thomas Holies, chiefly remarkable for its fine east window of painted Duke of Newcastle 3 and the late Marquess Corn- glass, representing the Crucifixion. Among the eminent wallis. persons who have been members of this society, or edu- Pembroke College was founded cated at the college, may be enumerated Cardinal Beau- 1343, by Mary, Countess of Pern- fort 3 Archbishop Whitgift 3 Andrew Perne, Dean of broke, and its endowment greatly Ely 3 Bishops Wren, Cosin, Walton (editor of the Poly- |W enlarged by Henry VI. There are glot Bible), and Law 5 Moryson, the traveller 5 Cra- W fourteen foundation and two bye- shawe, the poet 3 Dr. Sherlock, Dean of St. Paul’s 5 Sir fellowships, open to all counties, but Samuel Garth 3 the learned Jeremiah Markland 3 the county to have more than three 3 poet Gray 3 and Lord Chief Justice Ellenborough. . six of the fellows must be in dea- Clare Hall was founded in 1326, con’s or priest’s orders. There are by Dr. Richard Badew, afterwards twelve scholarships, varying in value from £12 to £50 chancellor of the university, by the per annum each, besides several of smaller amount, name of University Hall 3 butJiaving The lord high chancellor is visiter 3 the number of mem- been burned to the ground about bers on the boards is 133. The college, or hall, is situ- the year 1342, it was rebuilt and ated on the east side of Trumpington-street, nearly munificently endowed, through the opposite to St. Peter’s College, and consists of two interest of Dr. Badew, by Elizabeth courts of nearly equal dimensions, being about 95 feet de Burgh, one of the sisters and co- by 55, with the hall between them. On the east side heiresses of Gilbert, Earl of Clare, and from her received of the inner court is a small detached building, erected its present name. The society consists of a master, ten for the purpose of containing a hollow sphere, eighteen senior, or foundation, fellows, nine junior, and three feet in diameter, turning, round with ease, and having bye-appropriation, fellows 3 the senior and junior fellow- the constellations painted inside, constructed by Dr. ships are open to all counties. The master is elected Long, Lowndean Professor of Astronomy, and formerly by the senior and junior fellows, and must be either a master of this college : the interior is so contrived as bachelor or a doctor in divinity ; and the seniors must to form an excellent astronomical lecture-room, being all be divines, except two, who, with the consent of the capable of containing conveniently about 30 persons, master and a majority of the fellows, may practise law Among the college plate is preserved a curious gilt silver and physic. Of the nine junior fellowships, two may be cup, of considerable antiquity, the gift of the foundress held by laymen 3 the other seven require priest’s orders in the reign of Edward III. The chapel, built by Dr. after a certain standing. The three bye-appropriation Matthew Wren, Bishop of Ely, from a design by his fellows hold no college office, nor have they any vote in nephew Sir Christopher, and consecrated by that bishop college business, and are ever after ineligible to any other in 1665, is one of the most elegant and best propor- fellowship 3 they must take priest’s orders within seven tioned in the university. Among the more eminent years after they are bachelors of arts. There are thirty- members, &c., may be reckoned. Archbishops Grindal four scholarships, eight of which have bt^en lately in- and Whitgift 3 Bishops Lindwood, Fox, Ridley and An- creased, four of the value of £50 per annum each, and drews 3 the martyrs, Rogers and Bradford 3 the poets, the other four £20 each, besides a weekly allowance in Spenser, Gray, and Mason 3 Dr. Long, the Astronomer 3 the buttery of three shillings and three pence during re- Stanley, editor of jElschylus ; and the late illustrious sidence. Four exhibitions of £20 per annum each w’cre statesman, William Pitt. 472 Arms. C A M B C A M B Gonville and Caius College, originally styled Gonville Hall, was founded in 1347, by Edmund, son of Sir Nicholas Gonville, of Terrington, in the county of Norfolk ; in 1558, the hall was consolidated with the new foundation by Dr. John Caius, and under the charter then obtained the united foundations received the name they now bear. There are 29 fellowships, of which 21 are open to all counties, and 17 to laymen ; two of the , fellpws must be physicians. There are 26 scholarships, open to all counties j three are of the value of £56 per annum each, six of £40, six of £36, six of £30, one of £24, one of £22, and three of £20. There are also, a scholarship in chemistry, of the value of £20 per annum 3 and four studentships in physic, of the annual value of £113. 8 . each, founded by C. Tan- cred. Esq., who died in 1754, and who likewise founded four studentships of nearly the same annual value, appro- priated to law, to be held only by students of Lincoln’s Inn, who are not required to be members of the univer- sity. And in addition to these, are fourteen exhibitions of different value. The visiters are, the master of Cor- pus Christi College, the senior doctor in physic, and the master of Trinity Hall 5 the number of members on the boards is 281. The college stands on the west side of Trinity-street, having Trinity College on the north. Trinity Hall on the west, and the senate-house on the south : it consists of three courts : the south court, and three remarkable gates of Grecian architecture, built by Dr. Caius, are supposed to have been designed by John of Padua, architect to Henry VIII., and to be the only works of his now remaining in the kingdom : of the principal court, part has been rebuilt,' and the rest cased with stone and elegantly sashed. The chapel, though small, is admired for its beauty : on the south wall is a monument of Dr. Caius, under a canopy : on the same wall is a monument of Stephen Perse, M.D., a great benefactor to the university, who died in 1615 ; and in the ante* chapel is the gravestone of Sir James Burrough, Knt., formerly master, an ingenious architect, who designed the senate-house and other public build- ings in Cambridge, and died in 1774. The library is small, but contains some exceedingly valuable books and manuscripts, particularly in heraldry and genealogy. The college has been a celebrated seminary for profes- sors of medicine and anatomy, ever since the time of its second founder, the learned physician. Dr. Caius : of those who have most eminently conferred honour on the society in this faculty may be enumerated Dr. Francis Glisson 5 Sir Charles Scarborough 5 Dr. William Har- vey, the discoverer of the circulation of the blood j and Dr. William Hyde Wollaston. Among other distin- guished members, or students, were Dr. Branthwaite, one of the translators of the Bible j Sir Thomas Gre- sham ; Sir Peter le Neve, the herald and antiquary ; Richard Parker, author of the SiceXeroc Cantahrigiensis ; Dr. Brady, the historian 5 Henry Wharton, author of the Anglia Sacra; Sir Henry Chauncy and Francis Blomefield, the historians of Hertfordshire and Nor- folk 5 the celebrated Bishop Taylor ; Bishop Skip, one of the compilers of the Liturgy ; Jeremy Collier j the learned Dr. Samuel Clarke 5 Shadwell, the poet j and Lord Chancellor Thurlow. VoL. I. — 473 Trinity Hall was founded in 1350, by William Bateman, Bishop of Nor- wich. There are twelve fellowships, which are ordinarily held by gradu- ates in civil law ; ten of the fellows are usually laymen, and two in holy orders. The lord chancellor is visiter ; the number of members on the boards is 132. The Hall stands behind the senate-house, near the river, and on the northern side of Clare Hall • the principal court is very neat, being faced with stone both within and without 3 the second is a convenient and handsome pile of brick and stone, recently erected for the accommodation of under-gra- duates. The chapel is chiefly worthy of notice for its finely-painted altar-piece. The library contains, among other valuable books, a complete body of the canon, Roman, and common law. Among remarkable persons who have been members, or students, were Bilney, the martyr 3 Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester ; Bishops Barlow, Halifax, and Horsley ; Thomas Tusser, the writer on husbandry 3 Sir Peter Wyche, the traveller 3 Dr. Haddon, master of the requests to Queen Eliza- beth 3 Sir Robert Naunton, secretary of state to James I. 3 Philip, the celebrated Earl of Chesterfield 3 Sir Wil- liam de Grey, chief justice of the common pleas 3 and several other eminent lawyers, who have recently filled distinguished offices in that profession. Corpus Christi College was founded in 1351, by the brethren of two guilds in Cambridge, bearing the names of Gilda Corporis Christi, and Gilda Beatcc Marice Virginis. There are twelve fellowships, four of which are appropriated, two for pupils from the school at Norwich, and two for natives of the county of Norfolk : the rest are open, with the restriction only that four of the candidates shall, if possible, be natives of Norfolk 3 all the fellows are required to take orders within three years after their election. The visiters are, the vice- chancellor, and the two senior doctors in divinity 3 in extraordinary cases the sovereign is visiter. The num- ber of members on the boards is 283. This college, fre- quently called Bene’t College, from its proximity to the church of St. Benedict, is situated opposite to Ca- therine Hall : the extent and magnificence of its build- ings give it a high rank among the recent improvements which have added so much to the splendour of the university. It consists of two large courts, the old and the new, the latter having been lately erected out of the funds which had accumulated for that purpose, from the munificent bequests of Archbishop Herring, and Bishops Mawson and Green, formerly masters of the college. The new buildings were commenced in July 1823 : the grand west front of the new court is 222 feet long, with a lofty massive tower at each extremity, and a superb entrance gateway, in the centre, flanked by towers corresponding with the former : the exterior is built of Ketton stone, and richly ornamented : the court is 158 feet long, and 129 broad, having the chapel on the east side, the library on the south, and the hall on the north. The chapel, begun in 1579 by the Lord Keeper Bacon, is 66 feet long, and its exterior is richly ‘ adorned with sculpture. The library is a fine lofty room, 3 P Arms. C A M B C A M B 88 feet long, and contains the valuable manuscripts bequeathed to the college by Archbishop Parker, com- prising a collection of papers upon ecclesiastical affairs, made on the dissolution of religious houses by Henry VIII., with other interesting documents relating to the Reformation, and the original record of the Thirty-nine Articles. The old court, situated behind the hall, is a very ancient pile of building, entirely appropriated to the accommodation of the students. Among the college plate is a curious ancient drinking-horn, which belonged to the guild of Corpus Christi. Of the distinguished members were, Archbishops Parker, Tenison, Herring, and Sterne ; Bishops Allen, Fletcher, Jegon, Greene (Thomas), Bradford, Mawson, Green (John), Ashburn- ham, and Yorke 3 Sir Nicholas Bacon 3 Roger Man- ners, fifth Earl of Rutland 3 Philip, second Earl of Hardwicke ; his brother, the Right Hon. Charles Yorke 3 Sir John Cust, Bart., speaker of the house of com^ mons 3 John Fletcher, the dramatic poet 3 Stephen Hales, the natural philosopher 3 Nathaniel Salmon, the topographer 3 and Dr, Stukeley, Robert Masters (the historian of the college), and the late Richard Gough, three celebrated antiquaries. Arms, King’s College was founded in 1441,by King Henry VI. The society consists of a provost and seventy fellows and scholars 3 the latter are supplied by a regular succession from Eton College, and, at the ex- piration of three years from the day of their admission, they are . elected fellows. The college possesses some remarkable privileges and exemptions : by charter it appoints its own coroner : no writ of arrest can be executed within its walls 3 the provost has absolute authority within the precincts : by special composition between this society and the university, the members are exempt from the power of the proctors and the university^ officers, within the limits of the college 3 neither by usage do they keep any public exercises in the schools, nor are they in any way examined for the degree of bachelor of arts. The Bishop of Lincoln is visiter 3 the number of members on the boards is 113. The buildings stand on the west side and near the centre of King’s Parade, between it and the river, over ■which is a handsome stone bridge, communicating with the shady walks on the other side : they consist princi- pally of the old court, now uninhabited, and purchased by the university to be taken down, in order to enlarge the public schools, and the grand court, recently com- pleted, having Gibbs’ building on the west, the mag- nificent chapel on the north, the library and hall on the south, and a grand entrance from Trumpington-street on the east, forming altogether the most superb group of buildings in Cambridge. The old court, built of stone, about 120 feet by 90 , appears to be coeval with the foundation. A little to the south of it stands the chapel, the chief architectural ornament of the town, and one of the finest specimens of the later style of English architecture in the kingdom 3 it was begun by King Henry VI., in 1441 3 continued by Edward IV., Richard HI., and Henry VII. 3 and completed with money bequeathed by the latter for that purpose, in the year 1515. It forms the north side of the grand court 3 its extreme length is 316 feet, its breadth 84 feet, its 474 height to the summit of the battlements 90 feet, to the top of the pinnacles 101 , and to the summit of the corner towers 146 feet. About the middle of the inte- rior is a wooden screen, supporting the organ gallery, and separating the ante- chapel from the choir, erected in 1534, and very curiously carved 3 the choir is paved with marble 3 the present altar-piece was erected about the year 1780 . One of the most striking features of the edifice is the magnitude and beauty of its painted win- dows, of which there are twelve on each side, nearly fifty feet high, which, together with the east window, are enriched with various subjects from Scripture his- tory : this beautiful glass was put up in the early part of the reign of Henry VIII. On each side are nine small chapels, seven of which on the south side con- tained, until recently, the college library, to which the late learned Mr. Bryant bequeathed his valuable col- lection, in 1804. It was the intention of the royal founder that the chapel should form the south side of a large court, and for this purpose he granted two quar- ries ’of stone, in Yorkshire, besides £1000 per annum, payable out of the duchy of Lancaster, until the college should be completed 3 but Edward IV. deprived the college of this money, together with nearly two-thirds of its possessions, in consequence of which nothing fur- ther was done towards completing the design, until the new building, an edifice of Portland stone, 236 feet long, and intended to form the west side of the gr^at court, was begun in 17^4, and completed from a design by Mr. Gibbs. The provost’s lodge, adjoining the bridge leading to the college walks, is very spacious and mag- nificent. Amongst the eminent members and students may be enumerated Archbishop Rotherham 3 Bishops Fox, West, Aldrich, Cox, Guest, Wickham, Montagu^ Pearson, Fleetwood, Hare, Weston, and Darnpier 3 the martyrs, Fryth, Saunders, Glover, and Fuller 3 the statesmen, Sir John Gheke, Dr. Thomas Wilson, Sir Francis Walsingham, Sir Walter Haddon, Sir William Temple, Sir Albert Moreton, Sir Robert Walpole, Ho^ ratio, 1 st Lord Walpole, and Lord Chancellor Camden .3 Anthony Wooton, provost of Eton 3 Edward Hall, the historian 3 William Oughtred, the mathematician 3 Dr. Cowell, the civilian ; Dr. Castell, author of the Hepta- glot Lexicon 3 Waller, the poet 3 Dean Stanhope 3 Christopher Anstey 3 Jacob Bryant 3 and Horace, Earl of Grford. Queen’s College was founded by Margaret of Anjou, consort of Henry VI., in 1446, and refounded by Elizabeth Widville, consort of Edward IV., in 1465. There are eighteen foundation fellowships, the number of which may be increased or diminished according to certain circumstances declared by the sta- tutes. In general there can be only one fellow from a county, and two from a diocese, the diocese of Lincoln excepted, from which there may be three 3 there may also be one fellow beyond the prescribed number from Middlesex, Essex, Cambridge, and. Kent, in which the college has property sufficient for the maintenance of a fellow : two fellows may remain laymen, and, within twelve years from M.A., one of the two must proceed to D.C.L., the other to M.D. The vice-president and the five senior fellows hold their fellowships with property 3 C A M B C A MB the others quit the society when possessed of a stated is towards the west, and has an elegant portico in the annual income. The five senior divines may hold centre. The library, a very handsome room, was fitted livings rated iii the king’s books at not higher than £20 up at the expense of Dr. Thomas Sherlock, Bishop of per annum, and within twenty miles of Cambridge. London, who bequeathed to the college his large and Every other fellow must resign his fellowship at the valuablecollection,andalsoleft a stipend for the librarian, expiration of a year after he is become possessed of Amongst eminent members and students were Arch- preferment rated in the king’s books at £10 per annum bishops Sandys and Dawes 5 Bishops Overall, (who or upwards, or of real property producing an income of compiled a work called ^^The Convocation Book,” wrote £100 per annum, clear of all deductions. There is one the sacramental part of the Church Catechism, and bye-fellowship, which is perfectly open, may be held by assisted in the translation of the Bible,) Brownrigg, a layman, and is tenable with any property or prefer- Leng (author of the Cambridge Terence), Blackall, ment j but the holder has no vote in the society. The Hoadley, and Sherlock 5 John Bradford, the martyr 5 scholarships have recently been consolidated into John Strype, the ecclesiastical historian and biographer j twenty-six, and augmented by college grants, many of Ray, the naturalist 5 and Dr. Lightfoot, the orientalist, them having previously been inconsiderable : they are and author of the Horce Hehraicce. payable weekly according to residence. The president Jesus’ College was founded by must be elected by a majority of the whole existing Alcock, Bishop of Ely, in body, must have graduated B.D. at least, and must 1496^ on the site of a Benedictine possess property to the amount of £20 per annum. 1 |l|\ O nunnery, established about the year The sovereign is visiter: the number of members on 1130, and dedicated to the Virgin .the boards is 336. The Buildings are situated to the Mary, St. John the Baptist, and the w^est of Catherine Hall, on the banks of the Cam, and Virgin St. Rhadegund, the endow- consist of three courts of considerable magnitude : the Arms ment of which was augmented by entrance to the outer or principal court, which is 96 ' Malcolm, fourth king of Scotland, feet by 84, is through an elegant tower gateway ; the and the possessions of which, on its dissolution in the inner court is furnished with cloisters about 300 yards reign of Henry VII., were granted to the bishop. There in circumference, and extends to the bank of the river : are sixteen foundation fellowships : eight of the fellows Walnut-tree court has buildings on one side only. The are to be natives of the northern, and eight of the front of the college, next the Cam, w-as rebuilt a few southern, counties, and six in priest’s orders 5 and^by:^aL — ^ years since, in an elegant style. The grove and gardens recent statute, granted by the Bishop of Ely, and are particularly beautiful, and, lying on both sides of the with the king’s licence, the society has been empowered stream, are connected by a wooden bridge of one arch, to elect fellows from any part of England and Wales, built in 1746, and much admired for the ingenuity of its without restriction. On each vacancy the master and construction. Amongst eminent members, or students, fellows nominate two candidates, of whom the Bishop of the college, were Archbishop Grindal; Bishops of Ely appoints one. There is one fellowship to which Fisher, Davenant, Sparrow, and Patrick 3 Sir Thomas the bishop has an exclusive right both to nominate and ■Smith, the statesman. Dr. Thomas Smith, the ecclesi- appoint 5 he is also visiter, and appoints the master, astical historian 5 Thomas Brightraan, author of a trea- There are 46 scholarships and exhibitions, varying in tise on the Revelations 5 John Weever, author of the value from £9 to £70 per annum, of which 27 are ap- Funeral Monuments ; Dr. Thomas Fuller, author of the Worthies of England; and Dr. John Wallis, the mathe- matician. The celebrated Erasmus, also, was for some time a student. Catherine Hall was established in 1475, by Robert Woodlark, D.D., chancellor of the university, and provost of King’s College. There are six fellowships on the founda- tion, the number of which may be increased or diminished, in propor- tion to the revenue of the college : there cannot be more than two propriated. The number of members on the boards is 197. The Buildings, which are situated at the extre- mity of the town, consist of a principal court, 141 feet by 120, which is built on three sides 5 and a small court surrounded by a cloister : an addition has lately been made to the eastern side of the college. The grand front looks towards the south, and is 180 feet long, being regularly built and sashed : both the master and fellows have spacious gardens. The library con- tains many scarce and valuable editions of the classics. The chapel, anciently the conventual church of St. Rhadegund, exhibits, particularly in the chancel arid the interior of the tower, considerable remains of the fellows from any one county at the same time ; and original structure ; the altar-piece, representing* the two of them at least must be in priest’s, and one in Presentation in the Temple, was given, in 1796, by Dr. beacon’s, orders. There are also eight other fellowships, Pearce, master of the college. In the south transept of in filling up six of which, a preference is to be given what is now the ante-chapel are the tombs of one of to persons born in the city of York, if duly qualified.” the nuns, named Berta Rosata, and of Prior John de The scholarships are 43 in number, varying in value Pykenham, the latter of which is supposed to have been from £2 to £35 per annum each, of which thirteen are removed hither from the neighbouring convent of Fran- appropriated, and to several of which chambers rent- ciscans : in the north transept is the monument of free are attached. The number of members on the Tobias Rustat, yeoman of the robes to King Charles . II., boards is 220. The Buildings form three sides of a a benefactor to the college, and remarkable for his great quadrangle, 180 feet by 120, the fourth side being open wealth and extensive charities. Amongst eminent mem- towards Trinity -street, and having iron palisades, and a hers and students may be reckoned Archbishops Cran- piece of ground planted with lofty elm-trees ; the front mer, Sterne, Herring, and Hutton 3 .Bishop Bale, the 475 3P2 C A M B C A M B biographer 5 Dr. John Nalson, the historian 5 Roger North, the biographer ; John Flamsteed, the astro- nomer 5 Fenton, the poet 5 Dr. Jortin 5 the witty Law- rence Sterne^ Tyrwhitt, the founder of the Hebrew scholarships 3 Gilbert Wakefield, the classical editor and critic ; and the celebrated traveller. Dr. Edward Daniel Clarke. Christ’s College was originally founded in 1456 , by King Henry VI., ' under the name of God’s House 3 but in 1505 , the Lady Margaret, Countess of Richmond and Derby, changed the name, incorporated the former society with the present college, and endowed it liberally ims. maintenance of a master and twelve fellows. This foundation is for divinity, and the fellows are required to take priest’s orders within twelve months after they have attained the requisite age. The only appropriation is to the counties of Eng- land and Wales 3 the restrictions are, that there shall not be two of the same county, and that there shall be six, and only six, from nine specified shires in the north of England collectively. Edward VI. added another fellowship, the holder of which participates in the emolument of the original foundation 5 he may be from any county, and is not obliged to take holy orders. Sir John Finch and Sir Thomas Baines founded two mo“^ fellowships unappropriated as to county, but with preference to the kindred of the founders : the revenues are independent of the college. These fifteen fellows have an equal claim to the college patronage, and are allowed by the statutes to hold preferment with their fellowships, provided it does not exceed the value of ten marks, after the deductions found in the king’s books. Lady Margaret founded 47 scholarships, now augmented to 15 ^. per week during residence 3 there can only be three scholars of one county. Three were added by Edward VI. : various other scholarships and exhibitions have been founded by private benefactors 3 and four divi- nity studentships, the present value of which is £ 113 . 8. per annum each, were established by C. Tancred, Esq., who also founded a scholarship, value about £35 per annum, with preference to a native of Newmarket, secondly to the county of Cambridge. The visiters are the vice-chancellor and the two senior doctors of divi- nity 5 or, if the vice-chancellor be of this college, the provost of King’s. The number of members on the boards is 248 . The Buildings stand north of Emanuel College, and opposite to St. Andrew’s church, and con- sist of the principal court, a handsome quadrangle, 130 feet by 120, and a second court, built on two sides, of which that next the garden and fields is an elegant and uniform pile of stone, about 150 feet long. The chapel is 84 feet long, with a floor of marble : in the east window are portraits of King Henry VIL, and some others of the family of the foundress 3 and within the rails of the altar is the gravestone of Dr. Ralph Cudworth, author of the Intellectual System, and master of the college, who died in I688. The garden has a bowling-green and a cold bath, and contains a large mulberry-tree, planted by Milton, when a student here. Besides the great poet just mentioned, the following eminent persons have been members of the society, or students at the college : Leland, the antiquary 3 Archbishop John .476 Sharp 3 Bishops Latimer, Law, and Porteus 3 Hugh Broughton, and Dr. Lightfoot, the orientalists 5 the poets, John Cleland, and Francis Quarles 5 Dr. Joseph Mede, an eminent divine 3 Dr. Thomas Burnet, author of the Theory of the Earth ,• Dr. Lawrence Echard, the historian 3 Dr. Saunderson, the mathematician 3 and Archdeacon Paley. St. John’s College was founded ip 1511 , by the executors of Mar- garet, Countess of Richmond and Derby : the original endowment was for 50 fellows, but part of the foun- dation estates having been seized by Henry VIII., the funds were found to be sufficient only for 32 . These, by letters-patent from King George IV., are now open to natives of England and Wales, without any restriction or appropriation whatsoever 3 one of them is in the appointment of the Bishop of Ely. Candidates for the fellowships must have taken the degree of B.A. at least, and none are superannuated, provided they have proceeded regularly to their de- grees. This being a divinity college, the fellows are obliged to be in priest’s orders within six years from the degree of M.A., except four, who are allowed by the master and seniors to practise law and physic 3 and the others must proceed to the degree of B.D. at the regular time : the electors are the master and eight senior resident fellows, in w^hom is vested the entire management of the college concerns. There are also 21 appropriated fellowships, which have all the privi- leges of the foundation fellowships, and an equal claim to the college patronage 3 and besides these there are three fellowships, founded by Mr. Platt, and subse- quently increased to nine by the society, which are open to all candidates 3 but the fellows are not allowed to hold any college preferment. There are 114 scholar- ships, nine of which, founded by the Duchess of Som- erset, have been augmented by the society to sixteen, which are appropriated to Manchester, Hertford, and Marlborough schools 3 and four, founded by Mr. Platt, have been increased by the college to nine, and are tenable, like the above-mentioned fellowships founded by him, by candidates born in any county. There are numerous exhibitions, varying from £70 each down- wards. All livings under £30 in the king’s books are tenable with the college preacherships, of which there are thirteen. The Bishop of Ely is visiter 3 the number of members on the boards is 1198. The Buildings are situated to the north of Trinity College, and occupy the whole space between Trinity- street and the river, consisting of three courts, built for the most part of brick : the first, which is the most ancient, is about 228 feet by 21 6, and is entered from the street by a handsome gateway, with turrets coeval with the foundation 3 the second court, about 270 feet by 240 , built by the benefaction of Mary, Countess of Shrewsbury, is very handsome, and chiefly consists of the fellows’ apartments 5 the third, next the river, is of smaller dimensions than the others. The north side of the first court is occupied by the chapel, that of the second by the master’s lodge, and that of the third by the library 3 extending altogether the whole length of the college from east to west, about 480 feet. The chapel is 120 feet long : in the ante -chapel is the tomb- C A M B C A M B stone of Thomas Baker, D.D., commonly called '' Socius estate at iVudley-End, now belonging to Lord Bray- Ejectus,” some time fellow of this college, and who wrote brooke. There are 42 scholarships, varying in value its history 5 and in the chapel is a tablet, in memory of from £3 to £70 per annum each, 12 of which are ap- the learned Dr. Whitaker, master, who died in 1595. propriated. The possessor of Audley-End is visiter > In the master’s lodge is a spacious ancient gallery, the number of members on the boards is I97. This is nearly 155 feet long, with a richly ornamented ceiling, the only college which stands on the north side of the now divided into a suite of rooms, containing numerous river ; it consists of two courts, the larger being about portraits of benefactors and members of the college. 110 feet by 78. On the north side of the second court The library, built by Archbishop Williams, contains one is a stone building, the body of which comprises the of the most valuable and extensive collections of books Pepysian library, given to the college by Samuel Pepy«, in the university, among which are those left by Dr. secretary to the admiralty in the reigns of Charles II. Baker, and those presented to the college by Matthew and James II., and which contains many valuable Prior, consisting chiefly of the works of the French curiosities 3 and in the wings are the apartments of the historians. The spacious gardens and walks lie on the fellows. Among distinguished members, &c., were west side of the river, over which is a stone bridge of three Archbishop Grindal^ Dr. Thomas Nevile, who erected arches, leading from the inner court : the fellows’ garden the beautiful court in Trinity College which bears his has a bowling-green. A large and splendid addition name ; Pepys, the founder of the library : Dr. Duport, to the college has been lately completed, from a design the celebrated Greek professor 5 the Lord Keeper Bridge- by Rickman and Hutchinson, on the western side of the man 5 Bishop Walton, editor of the Polyglot Bible -, river, consisting of a spacious court, united to the three Bishop Rainbow 5 Dr. Howell, the historian 3 Bishop ancient courts by a covered stone bridge. The inner and Cumberland ; Dr. Waterland 3 and the eminent mathe- the eastern and western fronts are all varied 3 the matician Professor Waring. cloister extends from the east to the west wing, and has Trinity College stands on a lofty entrance in the centre 3 this building affords fee formerly occupied by seven additional accommodation for one hundred and seven hostels and two colleges, Michael students, including ten suites of apartments for the J g \ jf House and King’s Hall : the former fellows of the college. Amongst eminent members, &c., college was established in 1324, by were Roger Ascham 3 Sir John Cheke 3 Sir Thomas Hervey de Stanton, chancellor of the Wyat3 Lprd Treasurer Burleigh 3 Lord Keeper Wil- exchequer to Edward H. 3 the build- liams3 Dr. John Dee 3 Thomas Wentworth, Earl of ings of the latter, founded by Edr Strafford 3 Lord Falkland 5 Dr. William Whitaker 3 Dr. ^rms. HI., in 1337, for a master and William Cave 3 Archbishop Williams 5 Bishops Day, 32 scholars, are said to have been of sufficient magnitude Gauden, Gunning, Jeremy Taylor, Stillingfleet, and to accominodate Richard II. and his court, when he held Beverid^3 Dr. Jenkins, who wrote on the reasonable- a parliament at Cambridge, in 1381. Both these col- ness of Christianity 3 Dr. Powell 3 Dr. Balguy 3 Dr. leges were suppressed in 1546, and in the same year Ogden 3 Thomas Stackhouse, author of the History of the present magnificent one was instituted by Henry the Bible; Dr. William Wotton, and Dr. Bentley, the VHL, for a master, 60 fellows, and 69 scholars, whose critics 5 Ben Jonson 3 the poets, John Cleland, Ambrose endowment was considerably augmented by his daughter. Philips, Prior, Otway, Broome, Hammond, Mason, and Queen Mary. The fellows are chosen from the scholars, Henry Kirke White 3 Martin Lister, the naturalist 5 ineligible if M.A., or of sufficient standing to take Francis Peck, and Thomas Baker, the antiquaries 3 the that degree 3 they are all required to go into priest’s late Dr. Heberden 3 and Dr. Herschel, the Queen’s as- orders within seven years after they commence masters tronomer. Magdalen College was begun in 1519, by Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, by the name of Buckingham House, but was not completed at the time of his attain- der, after which it was granted to Thomas, Baron Audley, lord high chancellor, who, in 1542, endowed rms, ^ master and four fellows. There are thirteen bye-fellowships 3 two of them are appropriated, one of the two being a travelling fellow- ship, founded by the Rev. Drue Drury, and worth upwards of £200 per annum, but tenable for only nine years, and appropriated to the county of Norfolk : the master has the sole appointment to this fellowship, and the person must either be in holy orders or designed for such. The other was founded by Dr. Millington, for the benefit of Shrewsbury Grammar School. All the fellows, except those of the two last- mentioned fellowships, must take orders within three years after election, if the master think fit. The mas- tership is in the appointment of the possessor of the 477 of arts, except two appointed by the master, one of whom is supposed to study law, the other physic. The scholarships, except four or five, are open to persons of any county. The government is vested in the master and eight seniors 3 and to so many of these as are absent the resident fellows next in seniority act as deputies : the mastership is in the gift of the sovereign, who is visiter. The number of members on the boards is 1857. The extensive Buildings of the college are situated between those of St. John’s and Caius Colleges, occupy- ing the space between Trinity-street and the river, and consisting of three quadrangular courts. The first court, which is the largest, forms a magnificent assem- blage of buildings : on the north side is the chapel 3 on the west, the hall and the master’s lodge 3 the other two sides comprise apartments for the fellows and students : the south end of the west side has been re- built in a handsome style. The second court, called .Nevile s Court, built in I6OO, chiefly by the benefaction of Dr. Thomas Nevile, master of the college and Dean of Canterbury, is more elegant than the former, though less spacious : the library, forming the west side, is of C A M B GAME later date^ the building having been projected by Dr. Barrow, and the north and south sides, containing fel- lows’ and students’ apartments, hav^e been almost wholly rebuilt : the library and the cloisters, which extend along the north, west, and south sides, were designed by Sir Christopher Wren. Beyond Nevile’s Court is the newly erected and magnificent quadrangle, called King's Court, in honour of George IV., the building of which was commenced in 1823, and completed in 1825, at an expense of upwards of £40,000, partly defrayed by a subscription, headed by a donation of £2000 from that monarch ; the buildings are from designs by William Wilkins, Esq., M.A., and the principal front, with a fine tower gateway, faces the college walks, in a line with the library. The Chapel, upwards of 200 feet long, and in the later style of English architecture, was begun by Queen Mary, and finished by Queen Eliza- beth on each side of the choir are rows of very elegant stalls for the masters and scholars, with carved work by Gibbons 5 and the thrones for the master and the vice- master are remarkably grand and beautiful. Among the monuments in the ante- chapel, the most interesting are, a statue of Sir Isaac Newton, by Roubilliac, pre- sented to the society by Dr. Robert Smith, master of the college ; a tablet in memory of the eminent mathe- matician, Roger Cotes, Plumian professor, who died in 17163 another in memory of Isaac Hawkins Browne, celebrated for his poem on the Immortality of the Soul, and-other works, who died in I762 ; and a bust and tablet, by Chantrey, in memory of the late Professor Porson. The Hall, built in the later English style, is about 100 feet long and 50 high. The Master s Lodge, which contains some magnificent apartments, has, since the reign of Elizabeth, been the residence of the sove- reign, when the university has been honoured with a royal visit 3 and the judges always reside in it during the assizes. The Library, a splendid room, 200 feet long, and proportionately lofty, was built by subscription, amounting to nearly £20,000, procured chiefly by the exertions of Dr. Barrow. The collection of books is large and valuable, and among the busts are those of Bacon, Newton, Ray, Willoughby, Roger Cotes, and Edward Wortley Montagu : there is also a statue of Charles Seymour, Duke of Somerset, for sixty years chancellor of the university, executed by Rysbrach, in 17543 and at the upper end is a curious statue of ^sculapius, found at Samse, about fourteen miles from Rome. Of the portraits the most interesting are, an original half-length of Shakspeare, by Mark Garrard, and an original full-length, in the hall, of Sir Isaac Newton, by Valentine Ritts. The room is paved with marble 3 and at the south end, opposite to the entrance, is a window of painted glass, from a design by Cipriani, representing the presentation of Sir Isaac Newton to his Majesty George II., for the execution of which £500 were bequeathed by Dr. Robert Smith. Amongst em- inent members and students of the college were. Arch- bishops Whit gift and Fowler 3 Bishops Powell, Wilkins, Pearson, Pearce, Hinchcliffe, and Watson 3 Robert De- vereux, Earl of Essex 3 Sir Francis Bacon 3 Sir Edward Coke 3 Fulke Greville 3 Lord Brooke 3 Charles, Earl of Halifax 3 Sir Isaac Newton ; William Outram 3 Dr. Isaac Barrow 5 Dr. Bentley 3 Ray, the naturalist 3 Roger Cotes 3 Dr. William Whitaker 3 Bishop Hacket 3 the poets, Dr. Donne, Cowley, and Dryden 3 Nathaniel Lee, 478 the dramatist 3 George Herbert, Richard Duke, Lord Lansdowne, Sir Robert Cotton, Sir Henry Spelman, Dr* Gale, John le Neve, Francis Willoughby, Philemon Holland, Andrew Marvell, Robert Nelson, Dr. Samuel Knight, Dr. Conyers Middleton, Professor Porson, and Lord Byron. Emanuel College was founded in 1584, by Sir Walter Mildmay, chancellor of the exchequer and privy councillor in the reign of Elizabeth : it occupies the site of a Dominican friary, established before the year 1275, and enriched by Alice, widow of Robert Vere, se- cond Earl of Oxford, which, after the Dissolution, was purchased by Sir Walter, prior to the institution of the college. The number of founda- tion fellowships is twelve, besides one, the holder of which receives a dividend arising from a distinct estate, but is in most respects on an equality with the founda- tion fellows. These thirteen fellowships are open to Englishmen of all counties, but there cannot be more than one from the same county : all the fellows must proceed to the degrees of M.A. and B.D., as soon as they are of sufficient standing 3 and the four seniors must take priest’s orders. In addition to the above, there are two fellows on the foundation by Sir Wolstan Dixie, Knt., who must proceed in their degrees, equally with those on the original foundation, but have no vote in the society, nor any claim to the offices or dividends of the college. There are likewise four scholarships of the same foundation, and subject to the same restric- tions. The foundation scholarships are open to English- men of all counties, but there can only be three from the same county : the scholars receive upwards of £12 per annum, in addition to the weekly payment of 7s. 6d. during residence. Besides these, there are many scholar- ships and exhibitions, founded by various benefactors, to be given to the candidates most distinguished for learning and exemplary conduct. The visiters are, in some cases, the vice-chancellor and the two senior doc- tors in divinity 3 "in others, the master of Christ’s College and the two senior doctors. The number of members on the boards is 216. The college is very pleasantly situated in St. Andrew’s- street, near the south-eastern entrance into the town 3 the greater part of it is modern, and elegantly built of stone. It consists of one principal court, 128 feet by 107, to which a range of buildings for the accommoda- tion of students was added a few years since, forming, with the library and the north side of the hall, a second court. The chapel, which is 84 feet long, and has a marble floor, was designed and commenced by Arch- bishop Bancroft, in 1668, and completed in 1677> the principal contribution to which was £1040, given by Sir Robert Gayer, K.B. The old chapel has been fitted up as the library, to which Archbishop Bancroft gave his own collection of books. The hall is furnished with great elegance 3 at the upper end is a fine painting of -Sir Wolstan Dixie. Among eminent members were. Archbishop Bancroft; Bishops Hall, Bedell, Kidder, Hurd, Percy, and Bennet 3 Matthew Poole, author of the Synopsis Criticorvm ; Joshua Barnes 3 Dr. Wallis, the mathematician 3 Sir Robert Twiston, the antiquary ,3 John Morton, the historian of Northamptonshire 3 Sir C AM B C A M B Francis Pemberton 5 Sir William Temple 5 Anthony Blackwall, author of The Sacred Classics Defended and Illustrated ; Dr. Farmer, the sagacious commentator on Shakspeare, to whose memory there is a tablet in the cloister, near the entrance into the chapel 5 and the late Dr. Samuel Parr. Arms. SiDNEY-SuSSEX COLLEGE WaS instituted in 1598, pursuant to the will of Frances Sidney, Countess of Sussex, who died in 1589* There are nine foundation fellowships, open to natives of any part of her Majesty’s dominions 5 besides which there are two established by Mr. Peter Blundell, and appropriated to his scholarships in this college, and one, the nomination to which is vested in the Company of Fishmongers, London. No fellow of the college derives any benefit from his fellow- ship unless he be M.A. complete. This being a divinity college, all the fellows must take orders within three years from the time of their election, and the degree of B.D. at the regular period. There are twenty foundation scholarships, value 7s. per week during residence, and two founded by Mr. Blundell, appropriated to Twerton school. Sir John Shelley Sidney, Bart., is visiter, as the representative of the foundress 3 but, by the statutes, the vice-chancellor and the two senior doctors in divinity are visiters in some cases, and the vice-chancellor, with the masters of Christ’s and Emanuel Colleges, in others. The number of members on the board is 1 1 1 . The build- ings are situated on the east side of Sidney-street, and consist of two courts built of brick, and completed in 1598. The chapel and the library were rebuilt in 1780 3 and the hall and the master’s lodge have lately been cased with stone, and greatly improved. The grounds are spacious, and the fellows’ garden has a large bowling- green. Amongst eminent members or students may be recorded Oliver Cromwell ; Archbishop Bramhall 3 Bishops Seth Ward, Montagu, and Garnet ; Thomas Fuller, the historian 5 Lord Chief Baron Atkins 5 Sir Roger L’ Estrange 3 Gataker, the critic 3 Dr. Comber, Dean of Durham 3 Thomas Woolston, who wrote against miracles ; and William Wollaston, author of The Reli- gion of Nature Delineated. In the master’s lodge is a portrait, in crayons, of Cromwell, by Cooper, and in the library, a bust by Bernini, from a cast taken after the usurper’s death. Downing College wa« founded by Sir George Downing, Bart., of Gamlingay Park, Cambridgeshire, who, by will dated in 17 17, devised his estates in the counties of Cam- bridge, Bedford, and Suffolk, first to Sir Jacob Garrard Downing, and afterwards to other relatives, in suc- cession, and, in failure thereof, to found a college in the university, upon a plan to be approved by the two archbishops and the masters of St. John’s College and Clare Hall. Sir Jacob died in 17d4, the other devisees' having died previously without issue 3 but the estates being held by Lady Downing, and after- wards by her devisees, though without any real title, the university was obliged to sue in Chancery for the estab- lishment of the college, in favour of which a decree was obtained in 17 ^ 9 , and, after much litigation, a charter, 479 in Sept. 1800. A piece of land comprising nearly thirty acres, situated between Emanuel and Pembroke Colleges, having been purchased for the site, the first stone was laid on May 18th, 1807, since which time the building has proceeded at intervals, at an expense of more than £60,000. The object of the foundation is stated in the charter to be the study of law, physic, and other useful arts and learning 3 and the society will consist of a master, professors of law and medicine, sixteen fellows (of whom two only are to be clerical), and six scholars. At present, however, only the master, the professors,, and three fellows are appointed, to take possession of the estates, administer the revenues, and superintend the building of the college 3 the appointment of the remain- ing fellows is reserved until the completion of the build- ings. The scholars will also be elected after that period, but not more than two in each year. There are two. chaplains nominated by the master, who is to be chosen, by the archbishops of Canterbury and York, and the masters of St. John’s College and Clai’e Hall, from amongst those who are, or have been, professors or fellows. The visiter is the sovereign, by the Lord Chan- cellor 3 the number of members on the board is 53. In May 1821, a portion of the buildings, sufficient for open- ing the college, being completed, under-graduates were admitted to reside and keep terms. The whole, when finished, will form a quadrangle, larger than the princi- pal court of Trinity College, in the Grecian style, and faced with Ketton stone. The master’s lodge is of the Ionic, and the entrance to the college will be of the Doric, order 3 the designs are by William Wilkins, Esq. The late Mr. John Bowtell, of the town, bequeathed to the college a collection of books, manuscripts, fossils, and antiquities. The TOWN is divided into four distinct wards, named respectively Bridge ward. Market ward, IJigh ward, and Preacher’s ward 5 and contains the fourteen parishes of All Saints, in which are 1231 inhabitants 3 St. Andrew the Great, 1983 3 St. Andrew the Less, 9486 5 St. Bene- dict, 10223 St. Botolph, 7233 St. Clement, 1039; St. Edward, 6193 St. Giles, 2087 3 St. Mary the Great, 1013 3 St. Mary the Less, 704 3 St. Michael, 432 3 St. Peter, 627 3 St. Sepulchre, 638 3 and the Holy Trinity, 2189. The university, by custom and composition, is exempt from episcopal and archidiaconal jurisdiction. The living of All Saints' is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 6 . 3.3 net income, £1203 patrons and impropriators. Master and Fellows of Jesus^ College. The living of St. Andreivs the Great is a dis- charged vicarage 3 net income, £120 3 patrons and ap- propriators. Dean and Chapter of Ely : the tithes were commuted for land in I8O7. The church was repaired, and a great part of it rebuilt, in 1643, chiefly by aid of a benefaction of Christopher Rose, Esq., and it has lately been rebuilt and enlarged, 424 additional sittings having been provided 3 in the north transept is a cenotaph in memory of the celebrated navigator. Captain Cook, and his three sons. The living of St. Andrew's the Less, or Barnwell, is a donative 3 net income, £48 3 patron and impropriator, James Geldart, Esq., as owner of the priory at Barnwell : the tithes were commuted for land in I8O7. The church stands eastward from the town, and is supposed to have been built from the ruins of the priory. The village of Barnwell has suffered from re- peated fires, the last and most destructive of which was C A M B C A M B on the 30th of Nov. 1731, when the greater part of the houses were consumed. A chapel of ease was erected a few years since ; and an additional church, dedicated to Christ, a handsome edifice in the later English style, and now used as the parish church, was consecrated on the 27th of July, 1839 5 it contains 1400 sittings, of which 700 are free. At New Town, also in the parish, a church was erected in 1841, at an expense of £5180, in the same style of architecture as the former, and containing 900 sittings, half of which are free, the Incorporated Society having granted £450 in aid of the expense. The living of St, Benedict's is a perpetual curacy, valued at £4. 7. 1 1* 5 net income, £151 ; patrons and impropriators. Master and Fellows of Corpus Christ i College. In the church was interred Thomas Hobson, the well-known Cam- bridge carrier. The living of St. BotolpKs is a discharged rectory, valued at £^. 14. 4^. ; net income, £87 ; pa- trons, President and Fellows of Queen’s College. The living of St. Clement's is a perpetual curacy, valued at £4. 5. 7^. 3 net income, £102 3 patrons. Master and Fellows of Jesus’ College. The church stands a little south of the great bridge. The living of St. Edward's is . a perpetual curacy, valued at 3s. 4c^. ; net income, £66 j patrons and impropriators. Master and Fellows of Trinity Hall. The church is to the west of Trinity- street. The living of St. Giles' is a vicarage not in charge, to which the perpetual citracy of St. Peter s is united ^ net income, £170 3 patron and appropriator. Bishop of Ely : the tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1802. St. Giles’ church stands at the north end of the town 5 St. Peter’s, opposite to it, has been disused for many years. The living of St. Mary's the Great is a rectory not in charge 5 net income, under £100 5 patrons. Master and Fellows of Trinity College : the tithes were commuted for land in I8O7. The church, commonly called the University church, is situated nearly in the centre of the town, on the east side of Trinity-street, and opposite to the public schools and library ; it is in the later English style, and con- sists of a nave, the dimensions of which are about 120 feet by 68, two aisles, and a chancel, with a lofty tower surmounted by pinnacles, and containing twelve bells. The rebuilding of the church, by contribution, was begun in 1478, and finished in 1519, except the tower, which was not completed until 1608. In it was interred the celebrated reformer, Martin Bucer, whose body was taken up in the reign of Mary, and burned, with that of Paul Phagius, in the market-place. Academical exercises were anciently performed, and public orations delivered, here 3 and, in 1564, Queen Elizabeth was present at the disputations held in it : the university sermons are still preached here. William Worts, Esq., who died in 1709, left the sum of £1500, to accumulate for the purpose of building the galleries, and £20 per annum for keeping them in repair. The living of St. Mary's the Less is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £95 3 patrons and im- propriators, Master and Fellows of St. Peter’s College, whose tithes were commuted for land in I8O7. The church was built in 1327, on the site of a former edifice, dedicated to St. Peter, which gave name to the adjoin- ing college of Peter-house. The living of St. Michael's is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £95 3 patrons and im- propriators, Master and Fellows of Trinity College. The church stands on the east side of Trinity-street, opposite to Caius College : in the spacious chancel are held the 480 bishop’s visitations and confirmations. In 1556, it was placed under an interdict, as being the burial-place of Paul Phagius, then esteemed an arch-heretic, and was re-consecrated by the 'Bishop of Chester, acting as the deputy of Cardinal Pole. The living of St. Sepulchre's is a vicarage, valued at £6. 11. 0^., and in the patronage of the parishioners 3 net income, £123 3 St. Sepulchre’s, or the church of the Holy Sepulchre, is on the east side oF Bridge-street, and is remarkable for the peculiarity of construction of the more ancient part of it, which is believed to be the oldest remaining specimen of the cir- cular churches erected by the Knights Templars, on the model of that of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem, and to have been built in the reign of Henry I. 3 it is 41 feet in diameter, and has a peristyle of eight rude massive pillars supporting circular arches with chevron mould- ings 3 it contains a tablet in memory of Dr. Ogden, the eminent divine, who died in 1778. The living of Holy Trinity parish is a perpetual curacy, valued at £7 . 6. 8. 3 net income, £963 patron and appropriator. Bishop of Ely. The church is situated at the south end of Bridge- street, and was some years since enlarged by the addi- tion of 540 sittings. The new cemetery and chapel, of which the former comprises three acres of ground, are a little to the north of the town, on the Histon road 3 the entrance lodge and gates are of brick, with Caen stone dressings 5 and in a direct line with the entrance, and in the centre of the area, is the chapel, standing east and west, and raised somewhat above the general level on a low terrace : the walls are of rubble, but all the quoins, copings, and windows, are of Caen stone. There are meeting-houses for Baptists, the Society of Friends, Independents, and Primitive and Wesleyan Metho- dists. The Free Grammar school, situated near Corpus Christi College, was established in pursuance of the will of Stephen Perse, M. D., senior fellow of Caius College, who, in 1615, bequeathed property, producing £180 per annum, for its erection and endowment. The new free school, for boys, in St. Peter's parish, founded in 1808, for the instruction of the poor, was, in 1813, placed under the controul of the National Society. The old charity schools for both sexes, commonly called Whistons charity schools, were instituted in 1703, chiefly by the exertions of the distinguished William Whiston, at that time Lucasian Professor of the Mathematics, and to which William Worts, Esq., in 1709, bequeathed £30 per annum : on the union of the new free school with the National Society, the boys from these schools were transferred to that institution, to which, in consequence, the above sum of £30 is allowed. In 1816, a new schoolroom for girls was built in King-street, and the establishment put on the plan of the National Society. In a school in the parish of St. Andrew the Less, ten boys are paid for by Trinity and St.John’s Colleges 5 and a school of industry for girls is supported by dis- senters. The General hospital, or infirmary, commonly called Addenbrooke's hospital, situated at the entrance into the town from London, was founded by John Addenbrooke, M.D., fellow of Catherine Hall, who, in 1719, bequeathed about £4000 to erect and maintain a small physical hospital : the building was begun about 1753, and opened for the reception of patients in 1766, when the funds being found insufficient for its support, an act of parliament was obtained to make it a general C A M B C A M B hospital. Mr. John Bowtell, of Cambridge, by will dated in 1813, bequeathed to the institution £7000 three per cent, consolidated Bank annuities, between £3000 and £4000 of which have been appropriated to the addition of two extensive wings. The annual income from rents, stock, and contributions, is upwards of £3000. There are almshouses for upwards of fifty poor persons, founded and endowed by different individuals. John Crane, apothecary, who died in 1654, bequeathed inoney to purchase an estate, now producing upwards of £300 per annum, to be settled on the university of Cam- bridge, and the towns of Wisbech, Cambridge, Lynn, and Ipswich j the rents to be received in rotation, and to be applied by the university, in its turn, towards the relief of sick scholars. The gift to the towm was to ac- cumulate until it amounted to £200, which sura was to be disposed of in loans of £20 each, bearing no interest for twenty years, to ten young men, to set them up in trade. After the sum of £200 had been set apart, Mr. Crane directed that the rents of the estates should be applied to the relief of persons confined for debt, and of poor men and women of good character. Cambridge is also one of the twenty-five cities and towns to which Sir Thomas White gave, in rotation, the sum of £104, of which £100 were to be lent, in sums of £25 each, to four young freemen for ten years, without interest, pre- ference being given to clothiers. William Worts, Esq., besides other benefactions to the town and university, left £1500 of the produce of his estates, bequeathed in trust^fbr making a causeway towards Gogmagog hills, whicn was done before the year 1767 j and Thomas Hobson, by will dated in 1628, left houses, and £100 to purchase land for building and maintaining a house of correction and workhouse for setting the poor to work, which bequest has been increased by several others, par- ticularly one of £500 by the late Mr. Bowtell. The Religious Houses at Cambridge were numerous : the most ancient was that of Augustine canons, founded near the castle, in 109^, by Picot, the sheriff, and aug- mented and removed to Barnwell, by Payne Peverel, standard-bearer to Robert, Duke of Normandy 5 its revenue, at the Dissolution, was valued at £351. 15. 4. : some remains of the conventual buildings have been converted into farm offices. The Benedictine nunnery of St. Rhadegund appears to have been established about the year 1 130, and was originally dedicated to Mary, but was re -dedicated to Rhadegund by Malcolm IV., King of Scotland, who augmented its revenue, and about the year 11 60, rebuilt the conventual church, the remaining portion of which forms the chapel of Jesus’ College : for the purpose of founding that college, it was granted to Bishop Alcock by Henry VII., having es- cheated to the crown, in consequence of its being de- serted by the nuns. The monastery of the Grey friars, or Franciscans, the site of which is occupied by Sidney- Sussex College, was. instituted about 1224, and was very flourishing. The Bethlemite friars settled in Cambridge, in 1257, in a house in Trumpington-street, of which they had procured a grant 3 the friars De sacco, or De pcenitentid Jesu Christi, whose order was suppressed in 1307, settled in the same street in 1258; and the bre- thren of St. Mary settled in the parish of All Saints, near the castle, about 1274. The priory of the Black friars, the site of which is occupied by Emanuel College,. was founded before 1275. The Augustine friars are sup- VoL. I. — 481 posed to have settled here about 1290, and their con- vent, which was in the parish of St. Edward, was esta- blished by Sir Geoffrey Pitchford, Knt. The White friars, or Carmelites, the site of whose convent is occupied by the garden of the provost of King’s College, settled first at Chesterton, and afterwards at the adjoining hamlet of Newenham, about 1249, from which they removed, in 1316, to a spot of ground just within the walls, given them by Edward II. A small priory of Gilbertines was founded by Bishop Fitzwalter, in 1291 : the society occupied the old chapel of St. Edmund, opposite to Peter-House. The Castle, built in the reign of William the Con- queror, on the site of a Roman station, afterwards oc- cupied by a Danish fortress, was, in early times, an occasional residence of the English sovereigns : after it had ceased to be so occupied, the buildings, which were extensive, went to decay ; during the civil war it was made a garrison for the parliament. The county was in possession of it, subject to a fee-farm rent, so early as I66O; and the quarter- sessions were regularly held in it from that time until after the building of the shire-hall : the remains of the ancient building, consist- ing of a gate-house, which was long used as a prison, until the erection, about thirty-five years ago, of a new county gaol within the limits of the castle, have been recently levelled with the ground, to afford space and supply materials for the erection of the new county courts. Some of the earthworks that surround it are undoubtedly Roman. A somewhat curious piece of architectural antiquity exists in the mansion-house of Merton Hall, in the parish of St. Giles, which has long borne the name of Pythagoras’ School, though for what reason is unknown : the most remarkable part of the building is a large hall, measuring 61 feet by 22, and which had formerly an undercroft, with circular arches and plain pillars, apparently constructed in the early part of the twelfth century. There are several springs in the parish of All Saints, the water of which is strongly impregnated with iron. Amongst Eminent Natives of Cambridge were. Sir John Cheke, tutor, and afterwards secretary of state, to Edward VI. 3 Dr. Thirlebye, first and only bishop of Westminster, and afterwards, suc- cessively, bishop of Norwich and Ely 3 the eloquent Jeremy Taylor ; Dr. Goldisborowe, Bishop of Glouces- ter ; Dr. Townson, Bishop of Salisbury 3 Dr. Love, Dean of Ely 3 Thomas Bennett, who suffered martyrdom at Exeter, in 1530 3 and Richard Cumberland the drama- tist. Prince Adolphus Frederick, fifth and youngest surviving son of King George III., was created Duke of Cambridge, November 27th, 1801. CAMBRIDGE, a hamlet, in the parish of Slim- BRiDGE, union of Dursley, Upper division of the hundred of Berkeley, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 4 miles (N. by W.) from Dursley. This place, which derives its name from a bridge over the river Cam, is situated on the great road from Bristol to Gloucester. There is an endowed place of worship for Independents. CAMBRIDGESHIRE, an inland county, bounded on the north-west by the county of Lincoln, on the north-east by Norfolk, on the east by Suffolk, on the south by the counties of Essex and Hertford, and on the west by those of Bedford, Huntingdon, andNorthamp- toh : it extends from 52° 2' to 52° 45' (N. Lat.) and 3 Q C A M B C A M B from 28' (E, Lon.) to 18' (W. Lon.), and contains 858 square miles, or 649,1^0 statute acres. The county contains 33,095 inhabited houses, 1227 uninhabited, and 236 in the course of erection j and the population amounts to 164,459, of which number, 81,611 are males, and 82,848 females. At the time of the Roman invasion, Cambridgeshire formed part of the kingdom of the Iceni, being, according to Whitaker, inhabited by a tribe of that people, called the Cenomanni. In the first division of Britain by the Romans it was included in Britannia Superior ,• in the second, in Britannia Prima ; and in the last, in Flavia Ccesariensis. During the heptarchy it was part of the kingdom of the East Angles 5 and on the subsequent division of England into three great dis- tricts, it was comprised in that styled Denelege, or the Danish jurisdiction. The county forms an archdeaconry, in the diocese of Ely, and province of Canterbury, com- prising the deaneries of Barton, Bourne or Knapwell, Cambridge, Camps, Chesterton, Ely, Shengay, and Wis- bech^ the number of parishes is 162 . For civil pur- poses it is divided into the hundreds of Armingford, Chesterton, Cheveley, Chilford, Ely, Fiendish, Long- stow, Northstow, Pap worth, Radfield, Staine, Staploe, Thriplow, Wetherley, Whittlesford, Wisbech, North Witchford, and South Witchford 3 and it contains the city of Ely 5 the university, borough, and market-town of Cambridge 3 the market- towns of Linton, March, Thorney, and Wisbech 3 and part of those of Newmar^ ket and Royston. Three knights are returned to parlia- ment for the shire, and two representatives each for the university and borough of Cambridge. It is within the Norfolk circuit 3 and the assizes and general quarter- sessions are held at Cambridge, where stands the county gaol and house of correction. The Isle of Ely, at an early period, was constituted a separate district, with an independent jurisdiction, being called by the Saxons South- Girma ; and was bestowed on the abbey by Ethel- reda, the foundress, with all its liberties. After the destruction of Ely by the Danes, King Burrhed annexed the isle to the kingdom of Mercia 3 but on the re-esta- blishment of the monastery by King Edgar, it was restored, with all its immunities, to the society 3 and the abbots, and afterwards the bishops, exercised the privileges of a county palatine until the reign of Henry VIII., when these powers were, with those of other palatinates, considerably abridged. The bishop is, however, still custos rotulorum of the isle, including the hundreds of Ely, Wisbech, and Witchford, his jurisdic- tion being entitled the royal franchise, or liberty, of the Bishop of Ely 3 and the civil officers of the franchise are, a chief justice, who holds a court of pleas above 40^., under a commission from the bishop, and a court of Oyer and Terminer and gaol deliver}^, by virtue of a commission from the king 3 a chief bailiff, who exercises the same functions in the isle as the sheriff does in a county 3 a deputy bailiff, two coroners, and several sub- ordinate officers, all of whom are appointed by the bishop. The spring assizes and the April and October sessions for the isle, are held at Ely 3 and the summer assizes and the other sessions, at Wisbech 3 and at each of these places there are a court-house and a gaol. The SURFACE of the county exhibits considerable variety 3 the parts adjoining the counties of Suffolk, Essex, and Hertford, have gently rising hills, with downs, and open corn-fields, and a considerable portion 482 of wood in the part contiguous to Suffolk, from Wood,- Ditton to Castle- Camps 3 but in other parts there is a great scarcity of timber. Gogmagog hills, commencing about four miles south-east of Cambridge, though of no great elevation, yet, being the highest in the county, command extensive prospects. The northern part of the county, including the Isle of Ely, is for the most part fen land, and quite level, intersected by numerous canals and ditches, and containing many windmills, like those of Holland, and steam-engines, for conveying the water from the land into channels for carrying it off to the sea 5 the inclosures are chiefly formed by ditches, and there are few trees except pollard willows. The great expanse of fen land in the district comprises nearly half of that extensive agricultural tract, called the Bed- ford Level, the remainder of which is situated in the counties of Norfolk, Lincoln, Northampton, and Hunt- ingdon. From the various remains that have been dis- covered in constructing the channels, it is conjectured, that at some remote period the county was all firm land, reduced to a marshy state by frequent inundations of the sea, and by the obstruction of the old natural outlet, at Wisbech, of the rivers Ouse, Nene, and Granta, and of several lodes and lakes. To prevent subsequent in- undations, commissions were issued, from time to time, to enforce the repair of banks and sewers. The most important work of this kind, executed before the reign of James I., was the great channel made by Bishop Morton, which carried off the overflowings of the Nene, and furnished water carriage from Wisbech to Peter- borough. From the reign of Henry VI. to that of James I. various commissions were granted for a general drainage 3 but no great progress was made. In 1630, Sir Cornelius Vermuyden, a Dutchman, agreed to un- dertake the work 3 but the landowners rejected his offer, and petitioned Francis, Earl of Bedford, who had a large property in the fens, to undertake it, to which that nobleman acceded 3 and a deed of agreement, the foundation of the laws by which the Bedford- Level Cor- poration is still governed, having been, made and ratified at a session of sewers held at Lynn, in 1631, the earl associated with himself others, to whom he assigned shares 3 and so rapid was the progress of the work that, in about three years, the Great level was adjudged to be drained according to the Lynn law, and 95,000 acres were allotted to the parties as a compensation for the trouble and expense they had incurred. However, at a session of sewers held at Huntingdon, in 1639, the whole proceedings were annulled, the drainage was ad- judged to be defective, and it was determined that the earl and his associates were not entitled to the land that had been allotted to them. The king (Charles I.) now proposed to undertake the whole concern 3 but the national troubles which soon afterwards ensued having frustrated the design, the works progressively fell into decay, and continued so till the year 1649, when an ordinance was passed by the Convention Parliament, declaring all the proceedings at Huntingdon null and void 3 and the entire management of draining the level, on the general plan of the Lynn law, was entrusted to the care of William, Earl of Bedford, son and heir of Earl Francis. This ordinance was confirmed by an act passed in 1662 , by which also taxes were imposed on the 95,000 acres, for maintaining the works of the level, and this taxation was further adjusted by an act of C A M B C A M D 1667 : twelve thousand acres were allotted to the crown, including 2000 granted by Charles I. to Jerome, Earl of Portland 5 and the remaining S 3,000 were vested in the corporation of the Bedford level, which, under this act, consists of a governor, six bailiffs, twenty con- servators, and a commonalty including all persons possessing 100 acres in the fens. The Great level, comprising a tract of about 400,000 acres, has been from an early period divided into three districts, viz,y the North level, the Middle level, and the South level ; the greater part of the Middle level, and a considerable por- tion of the South level, are in Cambridgeshire, containing the whole of the Isle of Ely, and a few parishes to the south-east of it, and consisting of nearly 200,000 acres. The Substrata of the county are, chalk, which extends through the hilly part, from Royston to Newmarket 5 clunch, a calcareous substance found in large masses, but neither so white nor so soft as chalk, chiefly abound- ing in the parishes of Burmell and Isleham, and much used for lime and fire- stones 3 gault, a stiff blue clay, prevailing in the eastern and western parts of the county 3 sand, which, crossing Bedfordshire, begins in this county in the parish of Gamlingay 3 silt, a sea sand finely pulverized by the agitation of the waters, and found in the marsh land of several parishes in the northern extremity of the county 3 peat earth, extending through the whole of the fen district 3 and gravel. The Soil is chiefly arable, and produces an abundant supply of corn, particularly in the fen district 3 vast quantities of barley are constantly sent to Lynn, in Norfolk, and the^ice shipped to every part of the kingdom 3 and it is estimated that about one-fourth of the fendands actually in cultivation is sown with cole seed, the plant being mostly eaten off by sheep. Hemp and flax are cultivated to a considerable extent in the parishes of Upwell, Wel- ney, Out well. Elm, and Wisbech, especially in the two first. The parishes of Chatteris, Mepal, Sutton, S wavesey. Over, Willingham, Cottenham, Rampton, Landbeach, Waterbeach, Stretham, Ely, Littleport, Soham, and Eordham, constitute the principal dairy district, a great quantity of the butter produced in which is sent to London, and there sold under the name of Cambridge butter. In the parishes of Cottenham and Willingham is made the cheese so much esteemed for its flavour, called Cottenham cheese 3 and the parish of Soham is also celebrated for good cheese. The principal Rivers are the Ouse, which is navigable in its entire course through the county 3 the Cam or Granta, formed by two small streams that unite between Grantchester and Harston, and navigable from its junc- tion with the old line of the Ouse near Thetford, to Cambridge 3 and the Nen, or Nene, also navigable : the Lark falls into the Old Ouse at a place called Prick- willow, near the eastern border of the county, and is navigable to Bury-St. Edmund’s. The Canals intersect- ing the Isle of Ely were made for the purpose of drain- age, but many of them are likewise navigable. Vermuy- den’s canal, commencing at Ramsey, enters the isle near Ramsey moor, and extends to Welche’s dam, where it joins the Old Bedford river, and proceeding in the old course of that river, leaves the county a little to the west of Welney. The New Bedford river is the main channel for barges passing from the upper to the lower parts of the Ouse, The Old Bedford river, which runs parallel with the last from Earith to Denver sluice, is 483 now seldom navigated, excepting the lower part of it, having been almost choked up since the construction of the New Bedford line. A canal from Outweli to Wis- bech was made about the end of the last century. There is also a canal from Peterborough to the Old Nene, a little below Benwich, and thence to March 3 and there are short cuts from the Ouse to Soham, Reach, and Burwell. The Northern and Eastern railway, now in progress, will pass through the county. Few Roman antiquities have been discovered, except on the site of the station at Cambridge, the only one of importance within the limits of the county. The prin- cipal ancient roads that crossed it were, the Ikeneld- street, the Ermin-street, and the great Roman way from Colchester to Chester : the first and last may be dis- tinctly traced in different parts of their course. Before the Reformation there were in the county 32 religious houses, including two preceptories of the Knights Tem- plars, two commanderies of the Knights Hospitallers, and three alien priories, of which there are various remains. Of ancient castles there is little left, except the earthworks. The most considerable encampment is that called Handlebury, on the highest part of Gog- magog hills, supposed to be of British origin. The most remarkable earthworks are the trenches that ex- tended from the woods on the east side of the county to the fens, the most entire of which is named the Devil’s Ditch, which runs seven miles, from Wood-Ditton to Reach, in the parish of Burwell, nearly in a straight line 5 and parallel with it, extends another trench, called Fleam Dyke, at the distance of seven miles, stretching from the woodlands at Balsham to the fens at Fen- Ditton, a large part of which has been levelled. The Isle of Ely gives the title of Marquess to the reigning sovereign. CAMDEN-TOWN, a chapelry, in the parish of St. Pancras, Holborn division of the hundred of Ossul- STONE, county of Middlesex, 3:| miles (N. W.) from St. Paul’s 3 containing 14,987 inhabitants. This place takes its name from the Marquess Camden, lessee of the prebendal manor of Cantelows, on which it is situated. The principal part has been erected within the last few years 3 the houses are in general well built and regular, and the crescent, terrace, and other ranges in the upper part of it, are of handsome appearance, and command a partial, but pleasing, view of the Hampstead and High- gate hills. Among the most recent improvements, those in the direction of the road to Holloway, along the sides of which many elegant residences are in pro- gress of erection, are particularly deserving of notice, and will, together with the formation of buildings in other parts of the neighbourhood, contribute greatly to increase the importance and enlarge the limits of this appendage to the western part of the metropolis. The streets, which are wide and regularly formed, are lighted and partially paved 3 and the inhabitants are .supplied with water from a ccgiduit, into which it is conveyed from Hampstead. The Regent’s canal passes through the northern part of the suburb. A veterinary college, in which lectures are delivered on the anatomy and dis- eases of the horse, was established in 1791, and subse- quently confirmed by royal charter 3 the premises, which are neatly built of brick, include a spacious area, and comprise a school for the instruction of pupils, a theatre for dissections and the delivery of lectures, a 3 Q 2 CAME CAME museum for anatomical preparations, and an infirmary, in which is stabling for 60 horses, with paddocks adjoin- ing. The chapel, erected in 1828, on ground given by Marquess Camden, who appoints the minister, is a neat edifice of brick, with a handsome stone portico of the Ionic order at the west end, above which rises a circular turret with a cupola. Near it are a chapel and cemetery belonging to the parish of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, in connexion with which parish, also, there are nine alms- houses in Bayham-street. The Independents and Wes- leyans have each a place of worship ; and there are a national and an infants’ school, partly supported by subscription. On the eastern side of Haverstock-hill is a range of neat and commodious almshouses, in the Elizabethan style, recently erected for decayed journey- men tailors by the master tailors of the metropolis 5 the ground was given by Mr. Stultz, who also built a chapel, which was consecrated in June 1843, and to which there is a chaplain, who has apartments on the spot. CAMEL, QUEEN {St, Barnabas), a parish, in the union of Wincanton, hundred of Catsash, E. division of Somerset, 7 miles (N. N. W.) from Sherborne ; con- taining 739 inhabitants. This was a place of some note previously to its being burnt, about the close of the six- teenth century ; and a charter was anciently granted, for a market to be held twice a week, and four fairs annually : the former has long been discontinued, and only two of the latter are now held, one on Trinity- Tuesday, and the other on Oct. 25th. The parish com- prises by admeasurement about 2500 acres. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £17- 16. 8., and in the gift of P. S. J. Mildmay, Esq. : the great tithes, payable to the family of Rogers, have been com- muted for £337, with a glebe of 73 acres, and those of the incumbent for one of £177, with a glebe of 41^ acres. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. Op- posite the hamlet of Wales, near the bank of the river Camel, is a spring, the water of which has been success- fully used in scrofulous cases. CAMEL, WEST (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Yeovil, hundred of Somerton, W. division of So- merset, 4 miles (E. N. E.) from Ilchester 5 containing 344 inhabitants. This parish, which is within a quarter of a mile of the road from London to Exeter, comprises by admeasurement 2034 acres : stone of good quality for building is very extensively quarried. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 8. 9., and in the patronage of the Bishop of Bath and Wells : the tithes have been commuted for £250, and the glebe comprises about 65 acres, with a good house, mostly rebuilt in 1836. The church is a very ancient edifice, and has a pulpit of stone, and a handsome sculptured font. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and a parochial school is partly supported by the rector. Near the close of the last century, in a hill about half a mile to the north of the church, were discovered two cata- combs, in which were several h^man bodies, arranged in rows. CAMELEY (St, James), a parish, in the union of Clxjtton, hundred of Chewton, E. division of So- merset, 12 miles (S. by E.) from Bristol 5 containing 643 inhabitants. This place is thought to have been the site of a Roman station, where, in the time of Os- torius, was a temple in honour of Claudius Caesar, from which circumstance, Temple-Cloud, a tything in the 484 . parish, derived its name, supposed to be a corruption of Ternplum Claudii ; and this opinion is in some degree confirmed by the frequent discovery of relics of Roman antiquity. The parish, which is on the road from Bris- tol to Wells, comprises by measurement 1633 acres, mostly fertile land in profitable cultivation : stone of a peculiarly good quality for flagging, and of which con- siderable quantities are sent to Bath, is extensively quarried. In Temple- Cloud are a respectable inn and a post-office : a considerable business is carried on by a firm as cheese-factors and wool- staplers, and many of the inhabitants, of whom the greater number reside in this part of the parish, are employed in collieries in the neighbourhood. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 18. 4., and in the patronage of the family of Hippesley : the tithes have been commuted for £218. 12., and the glebe comprises 96 acres. The church has been enlarged by the erection of a gallery. Mrs. Anne Mogg and her sister Mrs. Joyce Mogg, be- queathed £205 to be invested in the funds, and the dividends distributed in bedding to the poor on the 5th of November. CAMELFORD, an in- corporated market - town, having separate jurisdiction, and the head of a union, in the parish of Lanteglos cum Camelford, locally in the hundred of Lesnewth, E. division of Cornwall, 16 miles (W. by S.) from Launceston, and 228 (W. S. W.) from London 3 contain- ing 705 inhabitants. This place, supposed to have been the Guffelford of the Saxon Chronicle, takes its name from a ford on the river Camel, and is generally thought to be the scene of a memorable battle between King Arthur and his nephew Mordred, about the year 542, in which the former was mortally wounded, and the latter killed on the spot 3 and about a mile to the north of the town, where the road crosses a small brook, is a place, called “ Slaughter Bridge,” in allusion to the carnage which then ensued. In 823, a battle took place between the Britons and the Saxons under Egbert, when the former were defeated with great loss. The town, though in a dreary part of the county, has a pure air, and is considered healthy 3 it is indifferently built, and consists principally of one street, part of which is spacious, and was macadamized a few years since 3 it is well lighted, and the inhabitants are amply supplied with water. The Camel is noted for its trout and salmon-peel, and is much resorted to by anglers. There is a manufactory on a small scale for the making of serge 3 and the spin- ning of yarn affords employment to a few persons. The market is on Friday 3 the fairs are on the Friday after March 10th, May 26th, July 17th and 18th (the former day being noted for the sale of sheep and lambs), and Sept. 6th, chiefly for cattle ; another fair has been re- cently established, which is held on the second Wedr nesday in November. Camelford was made a free BOROUGH by Richard, Earl of Cornwall : its privileges were confirmed by charter of Henry III., in 1259 ; and in the 21st of Charles II. it received a charter of incor- poration, by which the government is vested in a mayor, Seal and Arms, C A M M CAMP nine capital burgesses^ and an indefinite number of free burgesses, assisted by a recorder, town- clerk, sergeant- at-mace, and subordinate officers. The mayor, who is elected on the Monday after Michaelmas, by the capital burgesses, from their own body, is a justice of the peace. The elective franchise was granted in the reign of Edward VI., from which time the borough returned two members to parliament, but was disfranchised by the act of the 2nd and 3rd of William IV., cap. 64 : the right of election was vested in the free burgesses, being householders, residing in the borough, and paying scot and lot, in number about twenty ; the mayor was re- turning officer. The town-hall, begun in June, 1806, was built at the expense of the Duke of Bedford, then proprietor of the borough ^ the lower part forms the market-place. The ancient chapel, dedicated to St. Thomas a Becket, has long been desecrated, and a new chapel has been built. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A school was founded, in 1672, by Sir James Smyth, and endowed with the tenement of Great Tregarth, now producing £28 per annum j the school- room was rebuilt in 1823, at the expense of the Duke of Cleveland, on land belonging to the corporation. There is an estate worth £60 per annum, which are distributed in clothing among the poor. The union of Camelford comprises 14 parishes or places, and contains a popula- tion of 8063, The renowned King Arthur is said to have been born at Tintagel Castle, about five miles north- west from the town. CAMERTON {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Cluttok, hundred of Wellow, E. division of Somer- set, 7 miles (S. W. by S.) from Bath j containing 1647 inhabitants. The parish comprises by computation 1810 acres; the Somersetshire coal canal crosses it, and an old Roman fosse- way traces its south-eastern boundary. Here is a coal-mine, wherein impressions of fern, rushes, and other plants, have been discovered. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £15. 9. 2. ; net income, £481 ; patron, John Jarrett, Esq. There are meeting-houses for Baptists and Wes- leyans. A school for girls is supported at the expense of Mrs. Jarrett, of Camerton House ; and another school is aided by the rector. Various relics of the Britons, Romans, and Saxons, have been found in the vicinity. CAMERTON, with Ryhill, a township, in the parish of Burstwick, union of Patrington, S. division of the wapentake of Holderness, E. riding of York, 2f miles (S. E. by E.) from Hedon ; containing 286 in- habitants, of whom 39 are in Camerton. The township comprises by computation 1500 acres : the village is situated on the road from Hedon to Patrington. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, under an act of inclosure, in 1805. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. CAMMERINGHAM {St. Michael), a parish, in the W. division of the wapentake of Aslacoe, parts of Lindsey, union and county of Lincoln, 7i miles (N. N. W.) from Lincoln ; containing 139 inhabitants. Limestone is obtained. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 4. 2. ; net income, £140 ; patron and impropriator, Lord Monson. The glebe comprises about 60 acres, which, with an annual money payment, have been awarded in lieu of tithes. The church is a modern building, constructed 485 with the materials of a former edifice. A school is partly supported by subscription. CAMMERTON, a parish, in the union of Cock- ERMOUTH, Allerdale Ward below Derwent, W. divi- sion of Cumberland ; containing 941 inhabitants, of whom 154 are in the township of Cammertoh, 2 miles (E. N. E.) from Workington. The parish comprises 3384o. 2r. 20p., and is bounded on the north by the Solway Firth, and on the south by the river Derwent, whence passes a canal to the Seaton iron- works ; and there are some mines of coal within its limits. The liv- ing is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £95 ; patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Carlisle, whose tithes have been commuted for £327. 1. 6., and who have 18 acres of glebe. The church, rebuilt in 1794, contains an effigy in full length, the feet resting on a lamb, of a person called Black Tom of the North,” whose seat here, according to tradition, was Barrow Castle, now in ruins. CAMPDEN, BROAD, a hamlet, in the parish of Chipping-Campden, union of Shipston, Upper divi- sion of the hundred of Kiftsgate, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 1 mile (S. E.) from Chipping- Campden ; containing 230 inhabitants. CAMPDEN, CHIPPING {St. James), a parish, in the union of Shipston, Upper division of the hundred of Kiftsgate, E. division of the county of Glouces- ter; containing, with the hamlets of Berrington; Broad-Campden, and Westington with Combe, 2087 inhabitants, of whom 1521 are in the market-town of Chipping-Campden, 29 miles (N. E. by E.) from Glou- cester, and 90 (N. W. by W.) from London. This place, which is of very great antiquity, is supposed to have de- rived its name from an encampment formed prior to a battle between the Mercians and the West Saxons. In 689, a congress of the Saxon chiefs, confederated for the conquest of Britain, was held here. In the four- teenth century it became noted as a staple town for wool, and was the residence of many opulent merchants, wffio exported a great quantity of that article to Flanders; but on the emigration of the Flemings, who settled in England, and introduced the manufacture of woollen- cloth, Campden lost its trade with Flanders, and its im- portance from that time rapidly declined. Sir Baptist Hickes erected a magnificent mansion here in the fif- teenth century, which cost £29,000, and, with the offices, occupied a site of eight acres ; and which, at the com- mencement of the civil war in the reign of Charles I., its loyal owner demolished, to prevent its being garri- soned for the parliamentarians. The town is pleasantly situated in a fertile vale surrounded by hills richly wooded, and consists principally of one street, nearly a mile in length ; the houses are in general ancient, and some of them fine specimens of the style of domestic architecture prevailing about the time of Elizabeth ; the inhabitants are amply supplied with water from nume- rous springs. On Dover hill, about a mile from the town, athletic exercises, in imitation of the Olympic games, were instituted in the reign of James I., by Robert Dover, and were resorted to by the nobility and gentry resident in the surrounding country ; prizes were awarded to such as excelled in the games, which were continued until the time of the commonwealth. The manufacture of silk and rugs is carried on. The market is on Wednesday; and fairs are held on Ash-Wednesr C A M P C A N D day, April 23rd, Aug. 5th, and December 1 1th. In the 3rd of James I., Campden received a charter of incorpo- ration, by which the government was vested in two bai- liffs, a steward, fourteen capital and twelve inferior burgesses, who had power to hold a court of session, and a court of record for pleas and debts limited to ^6. 13. 4. j but the charter has fallen into disuse, and though the bailiffs are still appointed on the Wednesday before New Michaelmas-day, they exercise no authority. A court leet is held once a year, in a court* house situ- ated nearly in the centre of the street. The LIVING is a vicarage, endowed with two-thirds of the great tithes of the parish of Winfrith-Newburgh, in the county of Dorset, and valued in the king’s books at £20. 6. 8. -y net income, £640 5 patron and impropriator. Lord Barham. The tithes of Campden were commuted for land and a money payment, in 1799. The church, situated to the north of the town, in the hamlet of Ber- rington, is a spacious and handsome structure, in the decorated style of English architecture, with a fine lofty tower : some portions of the finely-carved oak roof are still preserved in the north aisle, but in other instances the beauty and character of the interior have been de- faced by modern alterations and repairs. It contains some beautiful sepulchral monuments to the memory of Sir Baptist Hi ekes, first Viscount Campden 3 Noel, Earl of Gainsborough ; and other distinguished persons. There are places of worship for Baptists and Wesleyans. The free grammar school was founded in 1487^ and en- '^wed by John Fereby, or Verbey, with a moiety of the manor of Lynham, in Oxfordshire ; but owing to mis- management, the estate was sold, and another pur- chased, producing only £60 per annum, which, in 1627, was vested in trustees. It has an interest in eight scholarships, established in Pembroke College, Oxford, by George Townsend, Esq., by will dated in 1682, for boys from the schools of Gloucester, Cheltenham, Camp- den, and Northleach. The charity Blue school for girls was endowed with £1000 by James Thynne, Esq. j and there is a national school for boys, which has been in- corporated with an ancient foundation by George Town- send ; also an infants’ school, maintained at the expense of the vicar. Almshouses for six aged men and the same number of women were endowed by Baptist, Lord Hickes, the first Viscount Campden, who rebuilt the market-house, and during his life gave £10,000 for charitable uses 5 he died in 1629. Col. Olney recently bequeathed £200, the interest to be applied in providing coal and blankets for the poor at Christmas. George Ballard, author of Memoirs of Learned British Ladies, was a native of Campden 5 he died at Oxford, in 1755. There are some petrifying springs in the neigh- bourhood. CAMPSALL {St, Mary Magdalene), a parish, in the union of Doncaster, Upper division of the wapen- take of OsGOLDCROSS, W. riding of York j containing 2149 inhabitants, of whom 385 are in the township of Campsall, 8 miles (N. N. W.) from Doncaster. The pa- rish consists of the townships of Askerne, Campsall, Fenwick, Moss, Norton, and part of Sutton, and com-- prises by computation 9700 acres, of which 1470 are in the township of Campsall, including the hamlet of Barnsdale : the district, which is fertile and picturesque, is all in the honour of Pontefract. The village is plea- santly situated on a gentle acclivity, about seven miles 486 distant from the river Don, on the south, and on the north, the same distance from the Aire. Stone of good quality is quarried. Camps Mount, the seat of George Cooke Yarborough, Esq., is an elegant mansion, stand- ing at the head of a fine lawn, and embowered in luxuri- ant foliage 5 and Campsall Park is also a handsome resi- dence. The living is a perpetual curacy, valued in the king’s books at £16. 16. 8. 3 net income, £128 3 patron and impropriator, Mr. Yarborough. The tithes were commuted for land in 1814. The church is a large ancient edifice, and has some fine specimens of Norman architecture. A female school, connected with a Female Friendly Society, was established by the Misses Frank, in 1800 3 at Askerne is a national school, and there are some other schools in the parish. The remains of a Roman road may be traced. CAMPSEY-ASH, county of Suffolk. — See Ash. CAMPTON (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Biggleswade, hundred of Clifton, county of Bed- ford, 6 miles (S. W.) from Biggleswade 3 containing, with the town of ShetFord, 1390 inhabitants. The manor, in which the small village of Campton, formerly called Camelton, is situated, was anciently possessed by the noble family of Lisle : the manor-house is now occupied as a school-house. The parish comprises 1350 acres, about three-fourths of which are arable, and the rest pasture and wood 3 the surface is in general flat, and the soil runs through the several varieties of sand, gravel, and clay. Many females are engaged in making straw-plat, which is sold at ShefFord market on Fridays, for the manufacturers of bonnets at Luton and Dun- stable 3 a few hands are also engaged in making pillow- lace. Fairs for cattle, pigs, sheep, &c., are held on Jan. 23, March 25, and May 19 5 and a pleasure-fair on October 11. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 9. 7. 3 net income, £374 3 patron. Sir J. Osborne, Bart. The tithes were commuted for land and corn-rents in 1797 3 the glebe contains 65 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is in the later English style. The chapel of ease at Shef- ford was enlarged about twenty years ago, in aid of the expense of which, the late rector, the Rev. Edmond Williamson, gave £600, the Incorporated Society £200, and the Duke of Bedford £50 3 there are 600 sittings, all free. The Roman Catholics have a chapel, and there is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A national and infant school was erected in 1840, by the Misses Wil- liamson, the Rev. Dr. Williamson, master of Westmin- ster school, and the Rev. W. Williamson, tutor of Clare Hall, Cambridge, by whom also it is entirely supported. Robert Bloomfield, author of the Farmer s Boy, died at ShefFord, in Aug. 1823, and was buried at Campton, where a neat stone was erected to his memory by Arch- deacon Bonney. CANDLE SB Y {St, Benedict), a parish, in the union of Spilsry, Wold division of the wapentake of Candleshoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 3 j miles (E. by N.) from Spilsby 3 containing 247 inha- bitants, and comprising by measurement 1010 acres. There are considerable pits of chalk-stone, which is turned into lime. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 19. 4.3 net income, £200 3 patrons. President and Fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford. The tithes were commuted for land in 1777, The church is a neat modern edifice, erected CANE C A N F 1 1838. A small school is partly supported by the 2 ctor. CANDOVER, BROWN {St, Peter), a parish^ in tie union of Alresford, hundred of Main&borough^ Vinchester and Nx divisions of the county of Sotjth- MPTON, 4 miles (N. by W.) from New Alresford 5 con- aining 313 inhabitants. It comprises 2040 acres, of ^hich about 1500 are arable, and 370 wood,, The living 3 a rectory, with that of Woodmancott annexed, valued 1 the king’s books at £23. 4. 2., and in the gift; of iord Ashburton : the tithes have been commuted for t-368, and the glebe comprises 59 acres of land, and a lOuse. The church is a Norman structure. A school 3 supported by private aid. A vase, some coins, and hree human skeletons, were dug up in 1830. CANDOVER, CHILTON {St. Nicholas), a parish, n the union of Alresford, hundred of Mainsborodgh, Winchester and N. divisions of the county of South - lmpton, 5 miles (N.) from New Alresford j containing 103 inhabitants. The river Itchin has its source in this larish, which comprises between 1400 and 1500 acres; he surface is hilly, and the soil a poor light earth, rest- ng on a substratum of chalk and flint. The ancient nansion of the Lords Cartwright has long since been :aken down ; but the terraces, which denote its pristine grandeur, are still remaining. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 6 . 6 . 3., and in the gift, [)f Lord Ashburton : the tithes have been commuted for £232, and the glebe comprises 13 acres, with a resi- dence. The, church is approached by an ayenue of ver^ ancient yew-trees, three-quarters of a mile in length. A school is supported by the rector. CANDOVER, PRESTON {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Basingstoke, hundred of Bermondspit, Basingstoke and N. divisions of the county of South- /iMPTON, 6 miles (N. by E.) from New Alresford ; con- taining 481 inhabitants. It comprises 3150a. Ir. 24p. : Facilities of communication are afforded by the Basing- stoke canaL The living is a discharged vicarage, with Nutley annexed, valued in the king's books at £18 ; patrons. Dean and Chapter of Winchester, the im- propriators of Preston- Candover ; impropriator of Nutley, G. P. Jervoise, Esq. The vicarial tithes of the united parishes have been commuted for £ 202 , and the appropriate tithes of Preston-Candover for £201 ; the glebe comprises 16 acres. Thomas Hall, in 177*2, bequeathed £4. 4. per annum for instruction, which, with a similar small endowment, are applied to teach 12 children ; another school, for girls, is supported by voluntary contributions ; and a boys’ school, en- dowed by G. P. Jervoise, Esq., with £20 per annum, is also aided by subscription. CANEWDON {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union and hundred of Rochford, S. division of Essex, 3| miles (N. E. by N.) from Rochford ; containing 723 inhabitants. This parish, which is bounded on the north by the navigable river Crouch, derives its name from Canute the Dane, who held his court here. It comprises by admeasurement 5509 acres of fertile land 3 the surface is finely varied, and the village is pleasantly situated on rising ground, commanding an interesting view over the surrounding country. A fair is held on the 24th of June. Canewdon Creek, which is navigable for small craft, is in the northern part of the parish. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king's books at 487 £34. 1 . 8. 3 net income, £495 3 patron. Bishop of Lon- don 3 impropriator, Thomas Laver, Esq. The church is a large structure, in the later style of English architec- ture, with a massive western tower. A national school is partly supported by funds arising from land. CANFIELD, GREAT, a parish, in the union and hundred of Dunmow, N. division of Essex, 5 miles, (S. W.) from Great Dunmow 3 containing 496 inhabit- ants. The parish obtained the appellation of Canfield ad Castrum, from a castle supposed to have been founded here by the family of the De Veres, but of which there are no remains. It comprises 2471a. Sr. 6p. : the soil is fertile, and the surrounding country is agreeable, and in some parts enriched with wood. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13. ; net income, £140; patron and impropriator, J. M. Wilson, Esq. The church is a small ancient edifice, with a tower of stone. A national school has been recently built. CANFIELD, LITTLE, a parish, in the union and hundred of Dunmow, N. division of Essex, 2f miles (W. by S.) from Great Dunmow 3 containing 258 inha- bitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 0. 7^., and in the gift of Christ’s College, Cambridge : the tithes have been commuted for £410, and there is a glebe of 70 acres. The church, which. formerly belonged to the priory of Lewes, in the county of Sussex, consists of a nave and chancel, with a small belfry, surmounted by a spire of wood. CANFORD, GREAT, a parish, in the union of Poole, hundred of Cogdean, Wimborne division of PoRSETj 9 ,^ miles (S. E. by E.) from Wimborne-Min- ster; comprising the chapelries of Kinson and Park- stone, and the tything of Longfleet; and containing 3957 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the south bank of the river Stour, and on the road from Poole to Southampton, and comprises by measurement 12,395 acres. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 11 . 9. 9j. 5 net income, £450 ; patrons, the. Trustees of the manor. The parish, with respect to tithes, is separated into the eastern, middle, and western divisions : the tithes of the eastern division have been commuted for £380, and are payable every third year to the vicar, and in the two other years to the impro- priator 3 the tithes of the western division have been commuted for £286, payable every third year to the vicar,, and £133 two years in three to the impropriators ; and the tithes of the middle division have been commuted for £ 295 , payable every third year to the vicar, and £35 payable two years in three to impropriators. The glebe comprises 86 acres. The church consists of a nave and chancel, with a north aisle to each, and a tower between the two aisles ; there are also a south aisle to the nave, and a south chapel to the chancel 3 the font, of Purbeck marble, is of great antiquity. There is a district church at Kingston, in the parish, a handsome edifice, in the later style, erected in 1833, and containing the remains of the late Sir Frederick Cavendish Ponsonby, brother of Lord de Mauley, and governor of Malta. The Independents have a place of worship. Schools on the national system have been established, and are partly supported by Lord and Lady de Mauley 3 and at Kingston is a national school, supported by subscription. A small portion of the ancient manor-house, called John of Gaunt’s Kitchen, is still remaining. C A NN C A N N CANN {St. Rumbold), a pai'ish, in the union of Shaftesbury, hundred of Sixpenny-Handley, Shas- ton division of Dorset, mile (S. E.) from Shaftesbury 5 containing 524 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 9 . 1 ., and in the gift of the Earl of Shaftesbury : the tithes have been com- muted for £250, and there is about an acre of glebe. CANNINGS, BISHOP’S {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Devizes, hundred of Potterne and Can- nings, Devizes and N. divisions of Wilts, 3 miles (N. E.) from Devizes ; containing, with the tythings of Bourton with Easton, Chittoe, Coate, and Horton, and the chapelry of South Broom, 3843 inhabitants. The manor belongs to the Bishop of Salisbury, whose pre- decessors had a residence here. The parish comprises by measurement 11,026 acres. The living is a vicarage, in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Salisbury, valued in the king’s books at £ 17 . 19 . 2. j net income, £351 3 impropriator, under the bishop, T. G. B. Est- court. Esq. The church is a handsome structure, in the early English style, supposed to have been either erected or rebuilt about the same time as Salisbury Cathedral, which it much resembles in its details. There is a national school. CANNINGTON {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Bridgwater, hundred of Cannington, W. division of Somerset, 3| miles (N. W. by W.) from Bridgwater 3 containing 1349 inhabitants. This place is of consi- derable antiquity, having given name to the hundred, and was formerly of much greater importance than it is at present. Camden derives its name from its having been occupied by a tribe of Britons, called the Cangi. The navigable river Parret flows on the north and east sides of the parish. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 10. 10 . 3 net income, £371 3 patron and impropriator. Lord Clifford, whose tithes have been commuted for £965. There is a Roman Catholic chapel at Court House. A national school, erected at an estimated expense of £ 290 , has an endow- ment of £ 19 . 12. per annum. Mr. Rogers bequeathed £300 per annum, directing that £6 each should be an- nually given to twenty poor men, and the remainder to the poor generally. A Benedictine nunnery was founded in the reign of Stephen, by Robert de Courcy, and dedi- cated to the Blessed Virgin 5 it consisted of a prioress and six or seven nuns, whose revenue was estimated at £39. 15. 8 . The buildings are now occupied by a society of nuns, who support a school. CANNOCK {St. Luke), a parish, in the union of PicNKRiDGE, E. division of the hundred of Cuttle- stone, S. division of the county of Stafford, 8 miles (N. by W.) from Walsall 3 containing 2852 inhabitants, of whom H25 are in the township of Cannock. This place, in ancient times, was a forest or chace belonging to the Mercian kings, and is supposed to have derived its name from Canute, the first Danish king of England, the extensive heath, on the western verge of which it stands, having been the favourite chace of that monarch. The parish, situated on the road between Walsall and Stafford, comprises by computation 20,000 acres, about half of which is still uninclosed on Cannock Chace, a heath about 12 miles long, and from 3 to 5 wide. There are collieries at Wyrley, Church- Bridge and other places within a short distance of the village, in some of which is found a peculiar description of iron- 488 stone, called Cannock stone, which oxygenates so rapidly, as to be capable of much useful application 3 and a fine white gravel is found, excellently adapted to ornamental walks. The Grand Junction railway passes through Penkridge, about four miles from the village of Cannock, and a canal was lately cut, at a great expense, by Mr. W. Gilpin, from Church-Bridge, to meet the Trent and Mersey canal at Galey, three miles distant. The village is supplied with water by means of a con- duit and leaden pipes from Leacroft, about a mile dis- tant, constructed by Bishop Hough, There are manu- factories for edge-tools at Church-Bridge and Wedges- Mill, which afford employment to about 200 persons 5 the coal used is supplied from the immediate neighbour- hood. There is a market on Tuesdays 3 and fairs are held on May 8 th, Aug. 24th, and Oct. 18th, principally for cattle and sheep. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Lichfield, the appropriators, and has a net income of £144 : the tithes have been commuted for £ 1217 . 6. 3 a good glebe-house has been recently built, to which are at- tached a few acres of land. The church is a very ancient edifice of stone, in the early English style. The parish is remarkable as having been the first curacy held by the famous Dr. Sacheverell. There is a place of worship for Independents. A school, founded by John Wood, was, in 17^7, enfeoffed with land by Thos. Wood, the income of which is £8 per annum 3 and John Biddulph, Esq., gave a meadow for the use of the mas- ter. In 1725 , Mrs. M. Chapman bequeathed a small sum for education 3 the endowment altogether produces about £20 per annum, with a house and two acres of land. A national school has been endowed by Mrs. Walhouse, mother of Lord Hatherton. Castle Ring, situated on the summit of Castle Hill, near Beaudesert Park, the seat of the Marquess of Anglesey, part of which is in the township of Cannock, is supposed to have been a British encampment, and is nearly a circu- lar area of eight or ten acres, surrounded by a double trench occupying three or four acres more 3 and near it are the remains of a moat, inclosing an oblong square of about three acres, named the Old Nunnery, where a Cistercian abbey was founded in the reign of Stephen, which was shortly after removed to Stoneleigh, in War- wickshire. A similar inclosure at a small distance is called the Moat Bank. CANNOCK-WOOD, a township, in the parish of Cannock, union of Penkridge, E. division of the hundred of Cuttlestone, S. division of the county of Stafford; containing 275 inhabitants. CANNONBY, CROSS (St. John), a parish, in the union of Cockermouth, Allerdale ward below Der- went, W. division of CUMBERLAND3 comprising the town of Mary port, and the townships of Birkby, Cross- Can- nonby, and Crossby 3 and containing 5731 inhabitants, of whom 59 are in the township of Cross-Can nonby, 2| miles (N. E. by E.) from Maryport. This parish, which is situated on the shore of the Solway Firth, and bounded on the south by the river Ellen, comprises by computa- tion 2415 acres ; it contains coal and freestone 3 and in a quarry of the latter, implements, supposed to be Roman, were found some years ago, from which it is thought that the stone used in erecting the Roman station at Ellenborough was obtained here. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Dean and CANT CANT tiapter of Carlisle, the appropriators, with a net income £150. The church is of early Norman architecture, lere is a chapel of ease at Maryport. A school of in- istry for girls is supported by subscription 5 as is also, irtly, a school for both sexes. CANNONHOLD, a tything, in the parish, union, id hundred of Melksham, Melksham and N. divisions Wilts 5 containing 321 inhabitants. CANON-FEE, a tything, in the parish, union, and indred of Crediton, Crediton and N. divisions of EVON ; containing 1411 inhabitants. CANON-FROOME. — See Froome, Canon. CANON GATE, a township, in the parish and union Alnwick, E. division of Coquetdale ward, N. divi- m of Northumberland 5 containing 5/^ inhabitants. CANON-PION {St. Lawrence) ^ a parish, in the lion of Weobley, hundred of Grimsworth, county Hereford, 4| miles (S. E. by E.) from Weobley ; mtaining 6,81 inhabitants. The living is a discharged carage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 13. 6 |., and . the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Hereford : le great tithes, payable to the Dean and Chapter, have 3 en commuted for £300, and those of the incumbent r £277- lb. ; there is a glebe of 10 acres. The church principally in the early English style, with some fine :reen-work • the font is ancient, and has an octagonal ►p enriched with quatrefoils. A school is partly sup- 3 rted by the clergyman. CANON-TEIGN, a hamlet, in the parish of Chris- 3W, hundred of Wonford, Wonford and S. divisions Devon, 4j miles (N. W. by N.) from Chudleigh. ere was formerly a chapel of ease. CANTELOSE, or Canteloff (All Saints), a pa- sh, in the hundred of Humbleyard, E. division of orfolk, 4 miles (S. W.) from Norwich. The living a rectory, annexed to the rectory of Hetherset, in 197) from which time the church was served as a free lapel until the Reformation, when it was demolished. CANTERBURY, an an- cient city, and a county of itself, having separate juris- diction, locally in the hun- dred of Bridge and Pet- ham, lathe of St. Augus- tine, E. division of Kent, 26 miles (S. E. by E.) from Rochester, 16 (N. W. by W.) from Dovor, and 55 (E. by S.) from London 5 contain- ing 15,435 inhabitants. This place, the origin of which is >t distinctly known, is, from the discovery of numerous ruidical relics, supposed to have been distinguished at very early period for the celebration of the religious tes of the Britons, prior to the Christian era. That it as a British town of considerable importance before le Roman invasion, is not only cohfirmed by the nu- erous celts, and other instruments of British warfare, lat have been at various times found in the vicinity, lit by the name of the station which the Romans fixed 3 re, on their establishment in the island, and which ley called Duroverniim, a name obviously derived from le Britislr Hzi/T, a ^‘stream,” and whern, swift,” being laracteristic of the Stour, upon which it is situated, rom this station three roads branched off to Rhutiipis, Yol. I. — 4S9 Dubrce, and Lemanum, now Richborough, Dovor, and Limne. By the Saxons, who, on their arrival in Britain, were established in this part of Kent, it was called Cantwara-byrig, from which its present name is evidently deduced. Canterbury was the metropolis of the Saxon kingdom of Kent, and the residence of its kings, of whom Ethelbert, having married Bertha of France, who had been educated in the principles _cf Christianity, allowed her by treaty the free exercise of her religion, and suffered her to bring over with her a limited number of ecclesiastics. The Christian religion had been par- tially promulgated during the occupation of the city by the Romans, and two churches had been built in the second century, one of which, on Bertha’s arrival, was consecrated for her use by the Bishop of Soissons, and dedicated to St. Martin. During the reign of this monarch, ^4 wgifstirzc, who had been sent by Pope Gregory to convert the Britons to Christianity, took up his station at Canterbury, where, through the influence of Bertha, he was courteously received : his mission was attended with success 5 the king, who soon became a convert, resigned to him his palace, which be converted into a priory for brethren of his own order 5 and, in conjunc- tion with Ethelbert, he founded an abbey without the city walls, dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul. Being invested by the pope with the dignity of an archbishop, he made this city the seat of the metropolitan see, which distinction it has retained for more than twelve cen- turies, under an uninterrupted succession of ninety archbishops, many of whom have been eminent for their talents and their virtues, and distinguished by the im- portant offices they have held in the administration of the temporal affairs of the kingdom. Among these may be noticed Dunstan, who governed the kingdom with absolute authority during the reigns of Edred and Edwy,- Stigand, who, for his opposition to William the Con- queror, was displaced from his see 3 Lanfranc, his suc- cessor, who rebuilt the cathedral, and founded several religious establishments 3 the celebrated Thomas a Becket 3 Stephen Langton, who was raised to the see in defiance of King John 3 Cranmer, who, for his zeal in promoting the Reformation, was burnt at the stake in the reign of Mary ; and Laud, who, for his strenuous support of the measures of his sovereign, Charles I., was beheaded during the usurpation of Cromwell. The abbey was intended as a place of sepulture for the suc- cessors of the archbishop in the see of Canterbury, and for those of the monarch in the kingdom of Kent : the cathedral, which was not completed at the time of Augustine’s decease, was dedicated to our Saviour, and is still usually called Christ- Church. The city suffered frequently from the ravages of the Danes, of whom, on their advancing against it in 1009. the inhabitants, by the advice of Archbishop Siricius, purchased a peace for the sum of £3000, obtaining from them an oath not to renew their aggressions 5 but in 1011 , they again landed at Sandwich, and laid siege to the city, which, after a resolute defence for three weeks on the part of the inhabitants, they took by storm and reduced to ashes. In this siege, 43,200 persons were slain, more than 8000 of the inhabitants were massacred, and among the prisoners whom they carried off to their camp at Greenwich was Alphege, the archbishop, whom they afterwards put to death at Blackheath, for refusing to sanction their extortions. Canute, after his usurpa- 3 R CANT CANT tion of the throne upon the death of Edmund Ironside, contributed greatly to the rebuilding of the city, and the restoration of the cathedral ; and, “placing his crown upon the altar, gave the revenue of the port of Sand- wich for the support of the monks. From this time the city began to revive, and continued to flourish till the Norman Conquest, when, according to Stowe, it sur- passed London in extent and magnificence. In Domes- day book it is described, under the title Civitas Cantuarice, as a populous city, having a castle, which, as there is no previous mention of it, was probably built by the Con- queror, to keep his Saxon subjects in awe : the remains now visible are evidently of Norman character. In 1080, the cathedral was destroyed by fire, but was restored with greater splendour, and dedicated to the Holy Tri- nity, by Archbishop Lanfranc, who rebuilt the monastic edifices, erected the archbishop’s palace, founded and endowed a priory, which he dedicated to St. Gregory, and built the hospitals of St. John and St. Nicholas. In 1161, the city was nearly consumed by fire, and it suf- fered materially from a similar calamity at several sub- sequent periods. In 1170, the memorable murder of Thomas a Bechet was perpetrated in the cathedral, as he was ascending the steps leading from the nave into the choir : his subsequent canonization tended greatly to enrich the city and the church, by the costly offerings of numerous pilgrims of all ranks, who came not only from every part of England, but from every place in Christendom, to visit his shrine. From this source a rich fund was obtained for the enlargement and embel- lirhment of the cathedral, which rapidly recovered from the repeated devastations to which it had been exposed, and from which it invariably arose with increased mag- nificence. Four years after the murder of Becket, Henry II. performed a pilgrimage to Canterbury, where, prostrating himself before the shrine of the martyr, he submitted to be scourged by the monks, whom he had assembled for that purpose. In 1^99, the nuptials of Edward I. and Margaret of Anjou were celebrated with great pomp in this city, which, in the reign of Edward IV., was constituted a county of itself, under the desig- nation of the City and County of the City of Canter- bury.” Little variety henceforward occurs in the civil history of the city, the interests of which were so closely interwoven with the ecclesiastical establishments that, upon their dissolution in the reign of Henry VIIL, its prosperity materially declined. The Jubilees, which, by indulgence of the pope, were celebrated every fiftieth year, in honour of St. Thomas k Becket, caused a great influx of wealth into the city, which owed much of its trade to the immense number of pilgrims who came to visit his shrine : according to the civic records, more than 100,000 persons attended the fifth jubilee, in 14^0, when the number and richness of their offerings were incredible : the last of these jubilees was celebrated in 1520. The dissolution of the priory of Christ Church was effected gradually : the festivals in honour of the martyr were successively abolished, his gorgeous shrine was stripped of its costly ornaments, and the bones of the saint were, according to Stowe, ultimately burnt to ashes, and scattered to the winds : the revenue, at the Dissolution, was estimated at £2489. 4. 9., a sum greatly inferior to the actual value of its numerous and extensive possessions. At this period, part of the monastery of St. Augustine was 490 converted by Henry VIII. into a royal palace, in which Queen Elizabeth held her court for several days. During her reign, the Walloons, driven from the Netherlands by persecution, on account of their religious tenets, found an asylum at Canterbury, where' they introduced the weaving of silk and stuffs ; their descendants are still numerous in the city and its neighbourhood, and con- tinue to use, as their place of worship, the crypt under the cathedral, which was granted to them by Elizabeth, and where the service is performed in the French lan- guage. Charles L, in 1625, solemnized his marriage with Henrietta Maria of France at this place ; and during the war in the reign of that monarch, the city was occupied by a regiment of Cromwell’s horse, that committed great havoc in the ecclesiastical buildings, and wantonly mutilated and defaced the cathedral, which they used as stabling for their horses. A political tumult occurred in 1647, in which originated the cele- brated Kentish Association in favbur of Charles I., that terminated in the siege of Colchester, and in the execu- tion, after its capture, of Lord Capel, Sir Charles Lucas, and Sir George Lisle. Charles II. , on his return from France at the Restoration, held his court in the royal palace at Canterbury, for three days 5 an'’, in I676, that monarch granted a charter of incorporation to the emi- grant silk-weavers settled in this city, who, on the revo- cation of the edict of Nantes, in 1685, were joined by a considerable number of other artisans from France. The CITY is pleasantly situated in a fertile vale en- vironed with gently rising hills, from which numerous streams of excellent water descend, and is intersected by the river Stour, which, dividing and re-uniting its stream, forms several islands, on one of which, anciently called Birmewith, the western part of it is built 3 it still occupies the original site, and is of an elliptic form. The walls with which the Romans surrounded it, appear to have been built of flint and chalk, and to have included an area of a mile and three-quarters in circumference, defended by a moat one hundred and fifty feet in width 3 of these nearly the whole is remaining, and on that part which the terrace of the promenade, called Dane John Field, are four of the ancient towers in good pre- servation. The arches over the river have been taken down at various times 3 and of the six gates that formed the principal entrances, only the western, through which is the entrance from the London road, is standing : it is a handsome embattled structure, erected about the year 1380, by Archbishop Sudbury, who also rebuilt a con- siderable portion of the city wall, and consists of a centre flanked by two round towers, having their foun- dations in the bed of the western branch of the Stour, over which is a stone bridge of two arches, that has been widened for the accommodation of carriages and foot passengers, an approach having been cut through the city walls for each. The principal streets, which in- tersect at right angles, and the smaller streets, were ori- ginally paved, under an act of parliament obtained in the reign of Edward IV. 3 they were subsequently made more convenient by an act passed in 1787, fot* the im- provement of the city, and are now lighted with gas by a company established under an act obtained in 1822. The inhabitants are amply supplied with water conveyed into their houses from the river, by a company esta- ‘ blished in 1824, by act of parliament, and with excellent spring water brought from St. Martin’s Hill into a spa- CANT CANT cious conduit in one of the ancient towers on the city wall, whence it is distributed to the most populous parts of the city, at the expense of the corporation. The houses in some parts retain their ancient appearance, with the upper stories projecting ; the greater part of the old Checquers Inn, mentioned by Chaucer, as fre- quented by pilgrims visiting Becket’s shrine> has been converted into a range of dwelling-houses, extending from St. Mary Bredman’s church nearly half-way down Mercery-lane 3 and the remains of the palace of Sir Thomas More, in the dancing-school yard in Orange- street, are now used as a warehouse for wool. In other parts of the city the houses are in general handsome, and many of them modern and well built. The Environs are pleasant, and the surrounding scenery is agreeably diversified with simple and picturesque beauty. On the road leading into the Isle of Thanet are extensive Barracksfor cavalry, artillery, and infantry of the line : the cavalry barracks, erected in 1794, at an expense of £40,000, are a handsome range of brick building, occupying three sides of a quadrangle, and, with the several parades and grounds for exercise, com- prise sixtee’f^.acres, inclosed with lofty iron palisades 3 the barracks for 2000 infantry, erected near the former, in 1798 , have been since made a permanent station for detachments of the royal horse and foot artillery 3 the barracks erected on the site of St. Gregory’s Priory, and in other parts of the city, have been taken down, and new streets of small houses occupy their places. To the south is Z>ane John Field, so called from a lofty conical mount, said to have been thrown up by the Danes when they besieged the city, or, more probably, from its having been the site of a keep, or donjon. It is tastefully laid out in spiral walks and shrubberies, and planted with lime-trees : on the city wall, by which it is bounded to the south-east, is a fine broad terrace, with sloping declivities covered with turf 5 and on the promenade is a sun-dial, supported on a handsome marble pedestal, sculptured with emblematical representations of the sea- sons, by Mr. Henry Weeks, a native artist. On the summit of the mount, from which a fine panoramic view of the city and its environs is obtained, a stone pillar has been erected, with tablets recording, among other benefactions, a vote of £60 per annum by the corpora- tion for keeping the promenade in order. The Philoso- phical and ‘ Literary Institution is, a chaste and elegant edifice of the Ionic order, with a handsome portico of four columns, erected by subscription in 1825, after the model of a temple on the river Ilissus, in Greece : it comprises a spacious museum, in which is an extensive and valuable collection of minerals, fossils, and natural curiosities, scientifically arranged, and in an order pecu- liarly adapted to assist the student in natural history 3 also an extensive library, and a theatre, in which lectures are delivered once in every week throughout the year. The Theatre, a neat and commodious edifice, erected by Mrs. Sarah Baker, was opened in 1790 : opposite to it is a concert-room belonging to the members of the Catch Club, but now used by the members of the Apollonian Club for their concerts every Friday evening. The ori- ginal Catch Club is at present held in the new concert- room in Guildhall-street. Assemblies are held in a handsome suite of rooms built by subscription 3 and races take place, in the month of August, upon Barham Downs, within three miles of the city. The course, on 491 which there is a commodious stand, has been greatly enlarged. O *TTT T The MANUFACTURE of silk, established by the Wal- loons, under the auspices of Queen Elizabeth, and which had flourished in such a degree as to obtain from Charles II. a charter of incorporation, gave^ place, in 1789 , to the introduction of the cotton manufacture by Mr. John Callaway, master of the company of. wea;vers> who discovered a method of interweaving silk withi cot- ton in a fabric still known by the name of Canterbury, or Chamberry, muslin. A considerable TRAUja. in^ long wool is carried on, and there is an extensive; manufac- tory for parchment 3 but the principal source of employ- ment for the labouring class is the cultivation of hops, for the growth of which the soil is peculiarly favourable, and with extensive plantations of which the neighbour- hood abounds. A great quantity of corn is also raised in the vicinity, and forms a material part of its trade. The city is geologically situated on the plastic clay of the London basin, with which red bricks and tiles are made 3 and, at a short distance to the south-east, flint imbedded in chalk is found in abundance, from which lime of an excellent quality is produced. There are numerous mills on the* banks of the river, several of them extensive, particularly that called the Abbot’s Mill, from its having anciently belonged to the abbey of St. Augustine 3 it is now the property of the corpora- tion, by whom it was. purchased in 1543. Canterbury has been long celebrated for its brawn. Frequent at- tempts, attended wdth considerable expense, have been made to improve the navigation of the river Stour 3 and an act was obtained, in 1825, to make it navigable to Sandwich, and to construct a canal from that port to a harbour to be formed near Deal 3 but the undertaking has not yet been commenced. The Canterbury and Whitstable railway, which is chiefly for the conveyance of coal from Whitstable, was opened in 1830 : it is six miles and a quarter in length, and runs nearly in a straight line from North Lane to Whitstable, where it terminates at the harbour 3 it is worked by horses, and by two fixed engines 3 it was commenced with a capital, raised by subscription, of £40,000, with power to raise £40,000 more by loan, and is leased by the company to Messrs. Nicholson and Baylis. The market for cattle, corn, hops, and seeds, is on Saturday, and the market for provisions daily. The cattle-market is held on the site of the ancient city moat, in the parish of St. George without the walls 3 the corn, hop, and seed market is held in a spacious room in the Corn and Hop Exchange, a handsome building of the composite order, erected a few years since, and ornamented with the city arms and appropriate devices, behind which is a spacious area for the daily market for meat and vegetables : the market for eggs, poultry, and butter, is held in the ancient but- ter market, near Christ-Church gate 5 and there is a convenient market-place for fish in St. Margaret-street. These markets are under the regulation of the corpora- tion, by an act passed in 1824. The Michaelmas fair commences on the 10 th of October, and continues during three market days. The city, which at the time of the Conquest was go- verned by a prcepositus, or prefect, appointed by the king, received from Henry II. a charter, conferring pe- culiar privileges, in addition to those it previously en- joyed 3 and Henry III. granted the city to the inhabit- 3 B 2 C-A N-T CANT Old Corporation Seal, Obverse, Reverse, ants, at a fee*farm rent of £60, and empowered the citi- zens to elect two bailiffs, who were superseded by a mayor in the reign of Henry VI., who granted them the privilege of choosing a coroner. Edward IV. confirmed the preceding charters, remitted £l6. 13 . 4 . of the fee- farm rent, and constituted the city a county of itself : Henry VII. limited the number of aldermen to twelve, and the common-councilmen to twenty-four 3 and Henry VIII., by an act of the 35 th of his reign, empowered the mayor and aldermen to levy a fine of six shillings and eightpence per day upon all strangers who should keep shops, or exercise any trade in the city. James I., in the sixth year of his reign, confirmed all the former charters and privileges, and re-incorporated the citizens, under the title of the Mayor and Commonalty of the city of Canterbury.” By the act of the 5 th and 6th of William IV., cap. 76, the corporation now consists of a mayor, six aldermen, and eighteen councillors ; and the council appoints a sheriff and a clerk of the peace. By that act also the city is divided into •/ three wards, called West- gate, Dane-John, and North- gate, instead of six as before 3 and there are nine justices of the peace, including the mayor, who is a justice New Corporation Seal. during his mayoralty and the year following. The free- dom of the city is inherited by birth, or acquired by servitude, or marriage with a freeman’s daughter. The city has returned two members to parliament since the 23 rd of Edward I. : the right of election was formerly vested in the freemen and citizens at large, in number about 2000 ; but, by the act of the 2nd of William IV., cap. 45 , the non-resident voters, except within seven miles of the city, were disfranchised, and the privilege extended to the £10 householders 3 and by the act of the 2nd and 3 rd of William IV., cap. 64 , the limits of the parliamentary borough, which once comprised 2780 acres, have been enlarged to an extent of 4250 acres. Courts of quarter-sessions are held for the trial of offenders, but the capital jurisdiction is taken away 3 and there is a court of petty-session on the first Thurs- day in every month, for determining minor offences. The mayor’s court, which is also a court of record, is but rarely held 3 the last instance of its exercising juris- diction in civil pleas was in Feb. 1793 . A court of re- quests is held e^very Thursday, under an act passed in 492 - the 25 th of George II., for the recovery of debts under 405 . within the city and borough. The guildhall is an ancient and lofty building, the interior of which is de- corated with portraits of the most distinguished bene- factors to the city, and with various pieces of armour. In 1453 , Henry VI. granted to the corporation the cus- tody of his gciol at Westgate, which gate, from that time at least, if not previously, has been used as a city gaol ; considerable additions have been made to it, and a house for the gaoler was erected, in 1829, in a style corre- sponding with the character of the original building. The quarter-sessions for the eastern division of the county are regularly held here, and the petty- sessions on the first Saturday in every month 3 and a king’s commission of sewers, having jurisdiction over the several limits of East Kent, sits four times in the year at the sessions- house. The sessions-house, and common gaol and house of correction, form an extensive pile of building within the precinct of the abbey of St. Augustine. Canterbury is the principal place of election for the eastern division of the county. The PRIMACY, though im- mediately delegated by the pope to the see of Canter- bury, was not maintained without considerable diffi- culty 3 its establishment was violently opposed by the native British prelates, who refused to acknowledge the supremacy either of the archbishop or the pope. Offa, King of Mercia, at- Arms of the Archbishopric, tempted to divide the juris- diction, and the archbishops of York persevered in assert- ing their claims 3 but the archbishop of Canterbury was ultimately acknowledged Primate and Metropolitan of all England. In this dignity he ranks as first peer of the realm, and, with the exception of the royal family, takes precedence of all the nobility and chief officers of state : at coronations he places the crown upon the head of the sovereign 5 the bishops of London, Winchester, Lincoln, and Rochester, are respectively his provincial dean, sub- dean, chancellor, and chaplain 3 he is a privy councillor in right of his primacy, and has the power of conferring degrees in the several faculties of divinity, law, and physic, except within the immediate jurisdiction of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. The province of Canterbury comprehends the sees of 21 bishops, in- cluding the four Welsh sees. The diocese, pursuant to the provisions of the act of the 6th and 7th of William IV., cap. 77 , founded on the reports of the Ecclesias- tical Commissioners, is to consist of the county of Kent, except the city and deanery of Rochester, and certain parishes which it is proposed to include in the diocese of London 3 and of the parishes of Croydon and Addington, and the district of Lambeth Palace, in the county of Surrey. Nearly 100 parishes in Kent and other counties are in the peculiar jurisdiction of the archbishop, and the benefices now under his immediate jurisdiction are 338 . The ecclesiastical establishmnet consists of an archbishop, dean, two archdeacons, eleven prebendaries, six preachers, six minor canons, six sub- stitutes, twelve lay clerks, ten choristers, two masters, fifty scholars and twelve almsmen. The archbishop’s C A N T c a:n t \ patronage comprises the two archdeaconries, three canonries, the six preacherships, and 149 benefices, besides the alternate patronage of nine others ; and the patronage of the Dean and Chapter consists of the minor canonries, and 26 benefices, with the alternate presentation to seven others. The income of the arch- bishop amounts to £17,000. per annum, and that of the ^ Dean and Chapter to £14,377 ; the Chapter is charged with the expense of supporting the fabric of the cathe- dral, upon which large sums are expended. One canonry has been suspended, the proceeds of which, amounting to nearly £1000 per annum, are paid to the ^ Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The Cathedral, dedicated to our Saviour, originally the church of the monastery founded by St. Augus- tine, on the site of the palace of Ethelbert, King of Rent, rebuilt by Archbishop Lanfranc soon after the Conquest, and enlarged and enriched by several of his successors, is a magnificent and splendid structure, exhibiting in their highest perfection the finest speci- mens in every style of architecture, from the earliest Norman to the latest English, and is equally conspicuous for the justness of its proportions, the correctness of its details, and the richness of its decoration. Its form is that of a double cross, with a lofty and elegant tower rising from the intersection of the nave and the west- ern transepts, in the later style of English architecture, with a pierced parapet and pinnacles, and having octa- gonal turrets at the angles, terminating in minarets. At the west end are tv/o massive towers, of which the north-west is in the Norman style, and the south-west, though crowned with battlements, is of similar character, and little inferior to the central tower : between the western towers is a narrow entrance, through a sharply pointed arch, with deeply receding mouldings, sur- mounted by canopied niches, over which is a lofty and magnificent window of six lights, decorated with richly- stained glass representing figures of the saints. The south-west porch, which is the principal entrance, is a highly enriched specimen of the later style, and is profusely ornamented with niches of elegant design ^ the roof is elaborately groined, and at the intersections of the ribs are numerous shields. The Nave, which, with the western transepts, is also in the later style, is peculiarly fine the roof is richly groined, and sup- ported by eight lofty piers, which oh each side separate it from the aisles, and of which the clustered shafts are banded, like those of the early English. The eastern part of the nave derives a grandeur of effect from the numerous avenues leading from it to the various chapels in different parts of the interior : of these the chapel of Henry IV. is conspicuous for the elegant simplicity of its design, and the beautiful fan tracery depending from the roof j the lady chapel, separated from the eastern side of the transept by a finely carved stone screen, is small, but exquisitely beautiful 3 the chapel of the Holy Trinity, in which was the gorgeous shrine of St. Thomas a Becket, opens into that part of the cathedral called Becket’s Crown, where is preserved the ancient stone chair in which the archbishops are enthroned ; there are various other chapels equally deserving at- tention. A triple flight of steps leads from the nave into the choir, which are separated by a stone screen of exquisite workmanship ; the roof, which is plainly groined, is supported on slender shafted columns, alter- 493 nately circular and octagonal, with highly enriched capitals of various designs : this part of the structure is chiefly in the early English, intermixed with the Norman, style, which prevails also in the triforium, and other parts of the choir, and in the eastern transept. The arch- bishop’s throne, on the south side of the choir near the centre, and the stalls of the dean and prebendaries, are strikingly elegant 3 a new altar-piece, in accordance with the prevailing style of architecture, has been recently erected with the Caen stone of St. Augustine’s monas- tery. The entire length of the cathedral from east to west is 514 feet, the length of the choir ISO, the length of the eastern transepts 154, and the length of the western 124. Under the whole building is a spacious and elegant Crypt, the several parts of which corre- • spond with those of the cathedral 3 the western part is in the Norman style, and the eastern in the early style of English architecture 3 the vaulted roof is about 14 feet in height, and supported on massive pillars, of which the prevailing character is simplicity and strength, though occasionally sculptured with foliage and grotesque ornaments. Near the south end of the western transept, Edward, the Black Prince, in 1363, founded a chantry, and endowed it for two chaplains with his manor of .Vauxhall, near London : there are some remains of the chapel, consisting of the vaulting of the roof, supported on one central column. Near the centre of the crypt are the remains of the chapel of the Virgin, in a niche at the east end of which was her statue, supported on a pedestal sculptured in basso-relievo with various subjects, among which the Annunciation may be distinctly traced. The western part is still called the French church, from its having been given by Queen Elizabeth to the Walloons and the French refugees, and from the service being still per- formed there in the French language. The cathedral contains many splendid and interesting Monuments, and other memorials, of the archbishops, deans, and other dignitaries of the church, and of illustrious persons who have been interred within its walls. In the arches sur- rounding the chapel of the Holy Trinity are, the tomb of Henry IV. and his queen, Joan of Navarre, whose recumbent figures, arrayed in royal robes, and crowned, are finely sculptured in alabaster 3 the monument of Edward, the Black Prince, whose effigy in complete ar- mour and in a recumbent posture, with the arms, raised in the attitude of prayer, is finely executed in gilt brass, and surmounted by a rich canopy, in which are his gauntlets and the scabbard of his sword 3 and the ceno- taph of Archbishop Courteney, with a recumbent figure of that prelate in his pontificals. In the north aisle of the choir are the splendid monuments of the Arch- bishops Chicheley and Bourchier. In the chapel of the Virgin are monuments to the memory of six of the deans 3 and in that of St. Michael are those of the Earl of Somerset, and the Duke of Clarence, second son of Henry IV., whose effigy, with that of the duchess in her robes and coronet, is beautifully sculptured in marble 3 also the monuments of Archbishop Langton and Admiral Sir George Rooke. In the south aisle of the choir are those of the Archbishops Reynolds, Walter Kemp, Stratford, Sudbury, and Meopham 3 and within an iron palisade, on the north side of Becket’s Crown, is the tomb of Cardinal Pole, the last of the archbishops who were buried in the cathedral. There CANT CA.N T are several monuments in the crypt, among which are some to distinguished individuals that have been con- nected with the county. The precincts of the cathedral comprehend an area three-quarters of a mile in circumference : the prin- cipal entrance is on the south side, through ChrisU Church gate, erected by Prior Goldstone, in 1517^ and . exhibiting, though greatly mutilated, an elegant spe- cimen of the later style of English architecture j the front is richly sculptured, and ornamented with cano- pied niches, and consists of two octangular embattled towers, with a larger and a smaller arched entrance between them, the wooden doors of which are carved with the arms of the see, and those of Archbishop Juxon. On the north side is the Library, containing a valuable collection of books, and a series of Grecian and Roman coins j in the centre is an octagonal table of black marble, on which is sculptured the history of Orpheus, surrounded with various hunting-pieces. A passage from the north transept of the cathedral to the library leads into a circular room, called Bell Jesus, the lower part of which is of Norman character ; it is lighted by a dome in the centre, under which is placed the font, removed from the nave of the cathedral. On the east side of the cloisters is the Chapter -house, a spacious and elegant building, containing a hall 9^ feet in length, 37 in width, and 54 in height 3 on the sides are the ancient stone seats of the monks, surmounted by a range of trefoil-headed arches supporting a cornice and battlement 5 the east and west windows are large, and enriched with elegant tracery, and the roof of oak is panelled, and decorated with shields of arms and other ornaments. The Cloisters form a spacious quadrangle, on each side of which are handsome windows of four lights j the vaulted stone roof is elaborately groined, and ornamented at the points of intersection with more than 700 shields 3 against the north wall is a range of stone seats, separated from each other by pillars sup- porting canopied arches 5 on the east side are, a door- way leading into the cathedral, highly enriched, and an archway leading to the chapter-house 3 on the west side is an arched entrance to the archbishop’s palace, the only remains of which are the porter’s gallery and the surveyor’s house. The Treasury is a fine building, in the Norman style of architecture, the staircase to which, in the same style, is of very curious design. The city comprises the parishes of All Saints, con- taining 377 inhabitants ; St. Alphage, 1073 3 St. An- drew, 509 5 St. George the Martyr, 1113 3 Holy Cross Westgate, 191; St. Margaret, 761; St. Martin, 1983 St. Mary Bredman, 402 3 St. Mary Bredin, 754 3 St. Mary Magdalene, 419; St. Mary Northgate, 4273 3 St. Mildred, 1900 3 St. Peter, 1094 3 and St. Paul, 1480; also the extra-parochial precincts of the archbishop’s palace, containing 184 ; Christ- Church, 248 ; East- bridge Hospital, 46 ; St. John’s Hospital, 46 ; Old Castle, 39 ; and the Almonry, 328. The living of All Saints is a rectory, with- which that of St. Mary in the Castle is consolidated, valued together in the king’s books at £80, and united with that of St. Mildred's, valued at £17. 17* 11.; it is in the gift of the Crown, and the net income is £150. The living of the parish of St. Alphage is a rectory, united to the vicarage of St. Mary's Northgate, the former valued at £8. 13. 4^, and the latter at £11. 19. 44.; net income, £150; 494 patron, the Archbishop 3 impropriator of St. Mary’s Northgate, G. Gipps, Esq=. The living of St. Andrew's is a rectory, with that of St. Mary's Bredman united, valued together in the king’s books at £22. 6. 8., and in the patronage of the Archbishop for two turns, and the Dean and Chapter for one ; net income, £224. The living of St. George the Martyr is a rectory^ with that of St. Mary Magdalene united, the former valued at £7. 17. 11., and the latter at £4. 10. 3 net income, £150 : patrons, the Dean and Chapter. The living of St. Mar- garet's is a royal donative, in the gift of the Archdeacon 3 net income, £87. The living of St. Martins is arectory, united to the vicarage of St. Paul's, the former valued at £6. 5. 2j., and the latter at £9. 18. 9. ; net income, £300: it is in the alternate patronage of the Arch- bishop and the Dean and Chapter, the appropriators 3 and the tithes have been commuted for £210. The living of St. Mary's Bredin is a vicarage, valued at £4. 1. 5§.3 net income, £149; patron and impropri- ator, H. Lee Warner, Esq. The living of St. Peter s is a rectory, with the vicarage of the Holy Cross united, the former valued at £3. 10. 10., and the latter at £13. 0. ^. 3 net income, £l6l 3 patrons, alternately, the Archbishop and the Dean and Chapter 3 impropri- ators, the Archbishop, and the Corporation of East- . bridge Hospital, jointly : the glebe consists of nearly 2 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. Of the several churches, few possess any distinguishing architectural features. St. Martin s is said to have been founded dur- ing the occupation of Canterbury by the Romans, and consecrated for the celebration of the Christian ser- vice prior to the conversion of Ethelbert, who is said to have been baptized in it. The materials of the build- ing, particularly the chancel, are chiefly Roman tiles : the chancel is supposed to be the original church, and the other part of less antiquity. It has been plastered over with rough mortar, thus concealing the Roman materials of which it is almost entirely built. It con- tains a very handsome, but somewhat dilapidated, monu- ment to the Lord-Keeper Finch, who was compelled to leave the kingdom to escape the malice of the republi- cans, before the death of Charles I., but returned at the Restoration, and lived to pass sentence on the regicides : the inscription is a remarkably elegant specimen of monumental Latinity, written with great power and spirit. There are places of worship for Baptists, the Society of Friends, Independents, Wesleyans, and Roman Catholics 3 also a synagogue. The king’s Free Grammar school, coeval with the estab- lishment pf the cathedral, was founded by Henry VIII.. on the recommendation of Cranmer, for fifty scholars from all parts of the kingdom 3 the management is vested in the Dean and Chapter. Belonging to it are two scholarships of £3. 6. 8. per annum each, founded in Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and endowed with a portion of the revenue of Eastbridge Hospital, by Archbishop Whitgift, in 1569 ; one of three exhibitions, of about £15 per annum each, founded in the same col- lege by Archbishop Parker; in 1575 3 a medical scholar- ship, founded by the same archbishop in Cains College, Cambridge 3 and one of three scholarships founded in the same college by John Parker, Esq., in 1580. It has also four scholarships at either university, founded, in 1618, by Robert Rose, Esq., who endowed them with twenty-six acres of land in Romney Marsh 3 two exhir CANT CANT bitions to any college in Cambridge, founded, in 1635, by William Heyraan, Esq. j four scholarships, of £10 per annum each, established in St. John’s College, Cam- bridge, by a decree of the court of chancery, in 1652, in lieu of two fellowships and two scholarships, founded in that college by Henry Robinson, Esq., in 1643 j five exhibitions, of £24 per annum each, to Emanuel Col- lege, Cambridge, founded, in 1719, by Dr. George Thorpe, prebendary of Canterbury ; two Greek scholarships, of £8 per annum each, founded in the same college by the Rev. John Brown, B.D. j and one exhibition, of £9 per annum, to any college in Cambridge, founded, in 1728, by Dr. George Stanhope, Dean of Canterbury. By the liberality and exertions of the members of a society of gentlemen educated at the school, a fund has been raised, that has enabled them to found an exhibition of £60 per annum, to be held for four years with any of the preceding. Among the eminent men who have re- ceived the rudiments of their education in the school, may be noticed, the celebrated Dr. Harvey, who disco- vered the circulation of the blood ; Dr. Marsh, Bishop of Peterborough 5 and Lord Tenterden, the late lord chief justice of the icourt of king’s bench. The Blue-coat school was established by the mayor and commonalty, and sixteen boys, nominated by them, are clothed, maintained, and instructed, and, on leaving school, apprenticed with premiums, which, though originally fixed at £5, are, according to circumstances, increased to £21. Thei’e is also. a schooL for ten choristers and four probationers, all expenses being paid by the Dean and Chapter. The Grey-coat school is supported by the Dean sand Chapter, the rmayor and commonalty, and , other : subscribers 5 and ;two schools are supported by endowment and conducted on Dr. Bell’s plan, having' -been united to the National Society, in 1812, and made central schools. Easthridge Hospital is supposed to have been founded by Archbishop Lanfranc, for the entertainment of pil- grims, and endowed by succeeding archbishops, for a master, five brothers, and five sisters resident, and an equal number of non-resident brothers and sisters, above the age of 50, who must have lived in the city or sub- urbs for seven years 5 the vacancies are filled by nomi- nation of the mayor, who appoints two candidates, one of whom is elected by the master. A school was an- nexed to it by an ordinance of Archbishop Whitgift, confirmed by act of parliament in the 2?th of Elizabeth 5 it is endowed with an estate at Blean, and with an in- vestment of £2624 in the three, per cent, consols. May- nard's Hospital was founded, about the year 1312, by Mayner le Rich, an opulent citizen, who endowed it with land for the support of three unmarried brothers, one of whom is prior and reader, and four unmarried sisters; they are a corporate body by prescription, having a common seal. Cottons Hospital, adjoining, was founded, in 1605, by Leonard Cotton, who endowed it for one aged widower and two widows. These hospitals are united, and the right of appointing the brothers and sisters is vested in the mayor. Jesus Hospital was founded, in 1596, by Sir John Boys, first recorder of the city, for a warden, nine brothers, and nine sisters, above fifty-five years of age 3 there are at present eight brothers and four sisters ; the mayor and aldermen, the Dean of Christ- Church, and the Archdeacon of Can- terbury, are visiters. St. John's Hospital, without the 495 North gate, was founded, in 1084, by Archbishop Lan- franc, who endowed it with £70 per annum for poor infirm, lame, or blind men and women 5 but it may be considered as almost refounded by Archbishop Parker, who gave it a body of statutes in 1560. At the time of the Dissolution, its revenue was £93. 15., but, for the last few years, the clear income has averaged about £300 per annum, which is divided among a chaplain, 53 bro- thers and sisters, and seven non-residents, making in all 60, who receive their appointment from the Archbishop of Canterbury. John Smith, Esq., in 1644, bequeathed £200 to build almshouses, and £32 per annum for their endowment. Smith's Hospital, in the suburb of Lang- port, without the liberties of the city, for four brothers and four sisters, born within the manor of Barton, was founded, in 1662, by Mrs. Ann, Smith, who endowed it with land, producing £171 per annum, of which sum she appropriated £32 to the inmates of the hospital ; £20 to poor children of Hornsey, in the county of Middlesex 3 £20 to the minister of St. Paul’s, in this city 3 and the residue to the apprenticing of children of that parish. Cogan's Hospital was founded in 1657> and endowed with an estate, by Mr. John Cogan, for six clergymen’s widows, but the only property derived from his bequest was the site of the hospital, and the institu- tion is indebted to subsequent benefactions for the whole of its income. The Rev. John Aucher, D.D., by deed in 1696, gave a rent-charge of £60 for six clergymen’s widows, with preference to those in Cogan’s Hospital ; and a society raises annually by subscription £36, which is divided among three widows of clergymen. Harris' Almshouses, in Wincheap, were founded, in 1726, hy Thomas Harris, Esq., who endowed them with houses and land, producing £21 per annum, for five poor fa- milies. The Kent and Canterbury Infirmary was opened for the reception of patients on the 26th of April, 1793, under the auspices of the late Dr. William Carter 3 the building, which is spacious and well adapted to the pur- pose, was erected on part of the ancient cemetery of St. Augustine’s Abbey, and contains apartments for a house- surgeon and 60 patients. A Dispensary, situated in Wat- ling-street, near the Dane John Field, was instituted in 1836, under the patronage of Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, the Archbishop, and other authorities. Trustees of charities have been lately appointed by the Lord Chancellor. Of the numerous monastic establishments that anciently flourished here, the principal was the abbey which St. Augustine, in conjunction with King Ethel- bert, founded for monks of the Benedictine order, and dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul ; the revenue, at the Dissolution, was £1412. 4. 7. The remains consist principally of the gateway entrance, a beautiful speci- men of the decorated style of English architecture, with two embattled octagonal turrets highly ornamented with canopied niches, and enriched with bands, mouldings, and cornices 3 between these turrets is the entrance, through a finely pointed arch, in which are the original wooden doors richly carved. One of the towers, called. St. Ethelbert’s Tower, was a fine structure, in the Nor- man style, highly' ornamented in its successive stages with a series of intersecting arches : part of it fell down in 1822, and part has been since taken down from apprehension of danger ; a portion of the base of the tower, and some trifling remains of the church belonging CANT CANT to the abbe}^ are still existing. The cemetery gate is also standing, and used as part of a private dwelling- house 3 it was lately repaired, in a creditable manner, by Mr. J. Hears, a native of the city. At the north-west of the cewetery are the remains of the chapel of St. Pancras, rebuilt in 1387, on the site of a previous chapel, said to have been a pagan temple, resorted to by Ethel- bert before his conversion. The remains of this once splendid abbey have been converted into a public-house 5 the gateway is now a brewery, the room over it a cock- pit, the church a tennis-court, and the area a bowling- green. In Northgate-street was a religious house, founded, in 1084, by Archbishop Lanfranc, for Secular priests, and dedicated to St. Gregory ; the revenue, at the Dissolution, was £166. 4. 5.^ the remains, consisting of parts of the walls, arches, and some windows in the Norman and early English styles of architecture, have been converted into a pottery, and a tobacco-pipe manu- factory. To the south-east of the city was a Benedictine nunnery, founded by Archbishop Anselm, and dedicated to St. Sepulchre ; the revenue, at the Dissolution, was £38. 19. 7. This convent obtained celebrity from the pretended inspiration of Elizabeth Barton, one of the nuns, called the Holy Maid of Kent,” who, for de- nouncing the wrath of the Almighty upon Henry VIII., for his intended divorce of Catharine of Arragon, was hanged at Tyburn, with her confederate, Richard Deer- ing, cellarer of Christ- Church. To the right of the city, on the road to Dovor, was an Hospital dedicated to St. Lawrence, for leprous monks, founded by Hugh, abbot of St. Augustine’s, in 1137, and endowed fora warden, chaplain, clerk, and sixteen brothers and sisters, of whom the senior sister was prioress 5 the revenue, at the Dissolution, was £39- 8. 6. In the parish of St. Peter was an Hospital, founded by William Cockyn, citizen, and dedicated to St. Nicholas and St. Catherine, which, in 1203, was united to that of St. Thomas East- bridge. In the parish of St. Alphage was a priory of Dominicans, or Black friars, founded about the year 1221 by Henry III., the only remains of which are the hall, now a meeting-house for Baptists ; and near the hospital for poor priests was a priory of Franciscans, or Grey friars, founded by the same monarch in 1224, which was the first house of that order established in the kingdom ; the remains consist chiefly of some low walls and arches. There are also slight vestiges of a convent of White friars that once existed here. Numerous relics of British, and Roman antiquity have been discovered, among the latter of which are, aqueducts, tessellated pavements, vases, and coins ,• and a Roman arch, called Worthgate, considered to be one of the finest and most ancient structures of the kind in England, has been carefully removed from that part of the castle yard which was crossed by the new road from Ashford, and re-constructed in a private garden. There are some chalybeate springs, and one slightly sulphu- reous, in the extensive nursery-grounds of Mr. W. Masters, near the West gate ; and without the North gate is a fin^ '"^ring of water, where a bath, called St. Rhadi- gund’s bath, has been constructed, with requisite accom- modation. Dr. Thomas Linacre, founder of the Royal College of Physicians, in London ; Dr. Thomas Nevile, master of Magdalen College, and afterwards master of Trinity College, Cambridge, who was sent by Archbishop Whitgift to tender the English crown to King James 5 496 William Somner, author of the Antiquities of Canter- bury, and of a Saxon Glossary 3 and W. Frend, M.A., author of the Ephemeris, were natives of the city 5 and among other literary characters that have flourished here, may be noticed, the Primate Langton, who first divided the Old and New Testaments into chapters; Osbern, a monk in the eleventh century, who wrote in Latin the life of St. Dunstan, and who, from his skill in music, was called the English Jubal ; and John Bale, Prebendary of Canterbury and Bishop of Ossory, the Protestant historian and biographer. Isaac Casaubon, whom, on account of his learning, James I. invited over from France, and Meric, his son, were both installed prebendaries. CANTERTON, with Fritham, a tything, in the parish of Minstead, union, and N. division of the hun- dred, of New Forest, Romsey and S. divisions of the county of Southampton ; containing 38 inhabitants. CANTLEY {St. Margaret), a parish, in the union and hundred of Blofield, E. division of Norfolk, 4| miles (S. by W.) from Acle ; containing 210 inhabitants. It is bounded on the south and south-west by the navi- gable river Yare, and comprises 1S50«. 26p., of which 877 acres are arable, and 900 pasture, heath, marsh, and wood. The railway from Norwich to Yarmouth passes through the parish. The living is 'a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14, and in the gift of W. A. Gilbert, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £300, and there is a good glebe-house, with 43 acres of land. The church is chiefly in the later English style, and has a square tower ; the entrance to the chancel is through a decorated Norman doorway. The poor have the benefit of 19 acres of land, allotted at the inclosure. CANTLEY {St. Wilfrid), a parish, in the union of Doncaster, S. division of the wapentake of Straf- forth and Tickhill, W. riding of York, 3 miles (E. by S.) from Doncaster; containing 651 inhabitants. This place, of which large portions were anciently possessed by different religious foundations, including those of Worksop, Kirkstall, and Hampole, comprises about 5160 acres, and includes the hamlets of Branton, Besse- car. High and Low Ellers, Gatewood, and Kilholme : the surface of the land is level, and in some parts it is well wooded. The parish is intersected by the road between Doncaster and Bawtry, which enters it near the race- ground, and leaves it at Rossington bridge ; and the Torn forms its southern boundary, dividing it from those portions of Finningsby parish which are in York- shire. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 6. 5|., and in the patronage of John Walbanke Childers, Esq., who is the impropriator : the vicarial tithes have been commuted for land, pro- ducing £175 per annum, and there is a good glebe- house. The church was formerly in the hands of a religious community ; it is a small cemented structure, with a low tower. A national school is supported by subscription, aided by £7 per annum, the produce of land. CANTSFIELD, a township, in the parish of Tun- stall, union of Lancaster, hundred of Lonsdale, south of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lan- caster, 5 miles (S. by E.) from Kirkby-Lonsdale ; con- taining 114 inhabitants. It lies near ’the road from Lancaster to Kirkby-Lonsdale. CAPE C A P H CANYEY-ISLAND, a chapelry, partly in t!ie pa- rishes of North and South Benfleet, Bowers- Gifford, LaindOn, Pitsea, and Yange, hundred of Barstable, and partly in the parishes of Leigh, Pret- TEEWELL, and Southchurch, hundred of Rochforbj partly in the union of Billericay, and partly in that ofRocHFORD, S. division of Essex 3 containing 9,77 in- habitants : the chapel is 6:|: miles (W. S. W.) from Leigh. This island is situated near the mouth of the Thames, and contains 3600 acres 5 it is encompassed by branches of that river, which, on the south side, is two miles broad; but on the other side there is a passage over the strand at low water, and at high water a ferry-^boat is used. A fair is held on the 25th of June. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £58. 10. ; patron. Bishop of London. The tithes have been commuted for £190. The chapel is dedicated to St. Catherine. Divine service was formerly performed by the vicar, or curate, of South Benfieet 3 but, in 1837, a perpetual curate was inducted by the bishop. CANWELL, an extra-parochial liberty, in the union of Tamworth, S. division of the hundred of Offlow and of the county of Stafford,' 5 | miles (S. W. by W.) from Tamworth 3 containing 27 inhabitants. In 1142, a priory of Benedictine monks was founded by Geva Rid- dell 3 it subsequently went to decay, and became a poor cell for one monk, and was granted to Cardinal Wolsey by Henry YIII., towards the endowment of his two in- tended colleges. CANWICK (Jll Saints), a parish, within the liberty of the city of Lincoln, union and county of Lincoln, if mile (S. E. by S.) from Lincoln 3 contain- ing 190 inhabitants. It comprises 2039a. 97p., the chief part of which is arable. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 6. 8. 3 net income, £231 3 patrons and impropriators, Mercers’ Company, London. There are springs strongly im- pregnated with iron. CAPEL {St, Andeew), a hamlet, in the parish of Butley, union of Woodbridge, hundred of Wilford, E. division of Suffolk, 9^ miles (W. by 8.) from Orford 3 containing 222 inhabitants. This was for- merly a distinct parish, but the church is now in ruins, and the living, a perpetual curacy, has been consolidated with Butley. CAPEL {St, Mary), a parish, in the incorporation and hundred of Samford, E. division of Suffolk, 7 miles (S. W.) from Ipswich 3 containing 6O8 inhabit- ants. It comprises by measurement 18j6 acres. The living is a rectory, with that of. Little Wenham conso- lidated, valued in the king’s books at £13. 18. 4.3 patron and incumbent. Rev. J. Tweed. The tithes have been commuted for £522, and the glebe comprises 22 acres, to which is attached a good glebe-house. Here is a national school. CAPEL (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Dorking, Second division of the hundred of WoTTON, W. division of Surrey, 6 miles (S. by E.) from Dorking ; containing 989 inhabitants. The living is a donative, patronage of the Duke of Norfolk, with a net income of £84 : the tithes have been commuted for £610. The church was enlarged in 1836, at the expense of J. S. Broadwood, Esq. A parochial school is supported by subscription, and attended by the children of the poor. Yol. I. — 497 CAPEL (5t. Thomas a Beoket), a parish, in the union, and partly in the lowey, of Tonbridge, but chiefly in the hundred of Washlingstone, lathe of Aylesford, W. division of Kent, 3 j miles (E. S. E.) from Tonbridge 3 containing 516 inhabitants. It is crossed by the South-Eastern railway, and comprises 1584a. 9r, I4p., about 70 acres of which are hop- grounds. The living is a vicarage, united with that of Tudely : the rectorial tithes have been commuted for £158, and the vicarial for £132. The church was for- merly a chapel of ease to Hadlow. A small parochial school is supported by subscription. CAPEL-LE-FERNE {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Dovor, hundred of Folkestone, lathe of Shepway, E. division of Kent, miles (N. N. E.) from Folkestone- 3 containing 247 inhabitants. The parish is on the road from Folkestone to Dovor, and comprises 163 6a. Sr, Sp . : the South-Eastern railroad runs at the foot of the cliff on the south side of the parish, which occupies an elevated situation and stretches down to the sea, where it joins Folkestone and Hougham. It was originally little else than a waste. The living is annexed to the vicarage of Alkham : the tithes of Capel have been commuted for £316. 10. 6., of which £175 are payable to the Archbishop of Canterbury, £41. 10. 6. to the impropriators, and £100 to the incumbent, who has also nearly an acre of glebe. The church, at some distance from the high road, is surrounded l3y hand- some firs, which encircle the churchyard, and give it a very solemn and retired character 3 it consists of only an aisle and chancel, and is a good specimen of massy ancient architecture. On a flat stone in the chancel, is a brass, to the memory of a family named Gubbiss. CAPESTHORNE, a chapelry, in the parish of Prestbury, union and hundred of Macclesfield, N. -division of the county of Chester, 6 miles (N. by W.) from Congleton 3 containing 95 inhabitants. This place is the principal residence of the oldest, and now the only, branch of the Davenport family 3 it comprises by computation 800 acres, 6OO of which are meadow and pasture, and 100 arable. The living is a perpetual curacy; net income, £763 patron and impropriator, E. D. Davenport, Esq. The chapel, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, was erected by Mr. Ward, of Capesthorne, about the year 1726, in the Grecian style. CAPHEATON, a township, in the parish of Kirk- Whelpington, union of Castle ward, N. E. division of Tindale ward, S. division of Northumberland, 13 miles (W, S. W.) from Morpeth 3 containing 213 inhabit- ants. The township comprises 2213 acres, and forms a very picturesque and highly cultivated district, a pos- session of the Swinburne family from the 13th century : the castle is first mentioned in the 15th century, and styled by Leland '^a faire castle,” and ‘" the oldist house of the Swinburnes;” it was taken down in 1668, and the present beautiful mansion, Capheaton Hall, now the seat of Sir John Swinburne, Bart., F.R.S., and F.S.A., erected on its site. The village is exceedingly neat 3 and directly in i|s front is an artificial lake, comprehendr ing, with its islands, between 40 and 50 acres. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £87. 16., and the vicarial for £23. 2. 9. A schoolroom has been erected in the village by the baronet. Several Roman coins, silver vessels, and ornaments, were discovered near Capheaton Hall, by some labourers, in 1745. 3 S CARD CARD CAPLAND, a tything, partly in the parish of Beer- Crocombe, and partly in that of Broadway, union of Chard, hundred of Abdick and Bulstone, W. division of Somerset, 3 miles (W. by N.) from Ilminster. Here was anciently a chapel, subordinate to Beer- Crocombe. CAPPENHURST, a township, in the parish of Shotwick, union of Great Boughton, Higher division of the hundred of Wirrall, S. division of the county of Chester, 5 |- miles (N. N. W.) from Chester ; con- taining 154 inhabitants. The Chester and Birkinhead railway passes close to the township. The tithes have been commuted for £100, payable to the Dean and Chapter of Chester. CARBROOKE {St, Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in the union and hundred of Weyland, W. division of Norfolk, 3 miles (E. N. E.) from Watton ; containing 807 inhabitants. The parish comprises 3012a. 2r. 32/)., of which 2162 acres are arable, 765 meadow and pas- ture, and 30 woodland. The living is a discharged vicar- age, valued in the king’s books at £7. 12. 6. 3 patron and impropriator, Sir William Clayton, Bart., whose tithes have been commuted for £517* 4., and the vicarial for £22. 4. Tithes upon 218 acres of land in Great Ellingham belong to this parish. The church, rebuilt in the early part of the reign of Henry VI., has a lofty square tower, two aisles, and a chancel, which is separated from the nave by an early English screen ; the roof of the church is splendidly carved and painted, and ornamented with roses. There were formerly 16 stalls in the chancel, which were some years ago con- verted into pews, and which originally belonged to the Knights Templars, who had a preceptory here, founded by Roger, Earl of Clare, who died in 1173, and subse- quently given by Maud, his widowed countess, who amply endowed it, to the Knights Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem, as a commandery : at the Dissolution it was valued at £65. 2. 9., and the revenues, with the house-arid church, were granted to Sir Richard Gresham and Sir Richard Southwell. There are places of worship for Independents, and Primitive and Wesleyan Method- ists. An allotment to the poor of 55 acres of land was made, under an inclosure act, in 1801. CARBURTON, a chapelry, in the parish of Edwin- STOWE, union of Worksop, Hatfield division of the wapentake of Bassetlaw, N. division of the county of Nottingham, 4 -^ miles (S. S. E.) from Worksop 5 con- taining 193 inhabitants, and comprising 1516 acres. CAR- COLSTON {St, Mary), a parish, in the union and N. division of the wapentake of Bingham, S. division of the county of Nottingham, 9 miles (S. W, by S.) from Newark ; containing 276 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 1. 10|. ; net income, £203 ; patron and incumbent. Rev. J. C. Girardot; impropriator. Rev. R. Lowe 3 the glebe contains about 20 acres, to which there is a house. The church has a handsome tower, with four bells. There is a meeting-house for Wesley ans. This place was the residence of Dr. Thorotqn, author of the “ History and Antiquities of Nottinghamshire.” CARDEN, a township, in the parish of Tilston, union of Great Boughton, Higher division of the hun- dred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, 4| miles (N. N, W.) from Malpas 3 containing 233 in- habitants. A detachment of dragoons from the par- 498 liameiitary garrison at Nantwich, on the 12th of June, 1643, plundered Carden Hall, and made its owner, John Leche, Esq., a prisoner. CARDESTON {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Atcham, hundred of Ford, S. division of Salop, 6 miles (W.) from Shrewsbury 3 containing, with part of the township of Wattlesborough, 372 inhabitants. It comprises about 2000 acres, some portions of which are occasionally flooded by the river Severn, that runs not far distant on the north. The soil is co!d, resting chiefly on a stiff clay 3 coal and limestone exist, of which the latter is worked. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £3 3 net income, £274 3 patron. Sir B. Leighton, Bart. CARDINGTON {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Bedford, hundred of WixamtRee, county of Bed- ford, 3 miles (E. S. E.) from Bedford 3 containing, with the tow'nship of Eastcotts, 1466 inhabitants. This pa- rish, which is bounded on the north by the river Ouse, comprises by computation 4000 acres. The manufac- ture of lace is carried on, affording employment to about 250 females, who work at their own houses. The river Ouse is navigable for barges to Bedford. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 17.5 patrons and impropriators, Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge. The great tithes have been commuted for £1350, and the vicarial for £250 3 the impropriate glebe consists of about 5 acres, and the vicarial of 2 acres 3 there is a good glebe-house. The church contains a tablet in memory of John Howard, the eminent philanthropist, who lived some years at this place, and served the office of sheriff for the county in 1773 3 and a splendid monument by Bacon, the last of his works, was erected, in 1799, to the memory of Samuel Whitbread, Esq., whose family first settled here in 1650, at a house called the Barns. There are places of wor- ship for Independents and Wesley ans, and at Cotton- End is one for Particular Baptists. A parochial school is supported by subscription 3 and there are some alms- houses, founded by John Howard and Mr. Whitbread, and endowed with about £30 per annum. CARDINGTON (^t. James), a parish, in the union of Church-Stretton, hundred of Munslow, S. divi- sion of Salop, 4 miles (E. by N.) from Church-Stretton 3 containing 691 inhabitants. It is romantically situated in a district characterised by bold and picturesque scenery. A species of very fine quartz, considered equal in quality to that brought from Carnarvonshire, for the use of the potteries, is found 3 and the parish abounds also with clay. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 2. 6. 3 net income, £287 3 patron, R. Hunt, Esq. 3 impropriators. Archdeacon Corbett and others. Edward Hall, serjeant-at-law, in 1720, bequeathed £400, with part of which a school- house was erected adjoining the churchyard 5 and the remainder was vested in the purchase of lands, produ- cing £45 per annum. Another school is endowed with £5 per annum 3 and a schoolmistress has a salary of £10, for teaching girls, both arising from a dividend bequeathed by John Russel in 1813. An allotment of fifteen acres, on the inclosure of the manors of Lydley and Cardington, was assigned to the parish. CARDINHAM {St. Mewbred), a parish, in the union of Bodmin, hundred of West, E. division of Cornwall, 3 f miles (E. N. E.) from Bodmin 3 contain- C A R H C A R I itig 80^ inhabitants. The parish is situated on the river Fowey, and comprises about 7750 acres ; the surface consists of extensive plains, intersected by deep valleys, of which the een commuted for £450, and there is a rent-charge of* £50 on coppices and other woodlands ; there is likewise a good glebe-house, with nearly *200 acres of land. At a copious spring, called Holy Well, and also on Bellar- mine’s Tor, and at a place named Vale, are some re- mains of ancient chapels. Here was once a castle, the residence of the Dinham family, of which only the cir- cular intrenchment is remaining 5 and on some high ground is a similar intrenchment, comprehending an area of two acres, called Berry Castle. CAREBY (St. Stephen), a parish, in the union of Bourne, wapentake of Beltisloe, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 6 miles (N. E.) from Stamford ^ containing fS inhabitants. This place was for many generations the property and residence of the ancient family of Hatcher, of whom Sir John Hatcher, the last who bore that title, died in 1640. The parish comprises by measurement 1418 statute acres : there is a quarry of excellent building-stone. The village is small, but delightfully situated, and of pleasingly rural appearance ^ and there are still some remains of the ancient mansion of the Hatchers, which w^as formerly a spacious building, with extensive pleasure-grounds, fish-ponds, and a park well stocked with deer. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 17. 1.^ and in the gift of General Birch Reynardson : the tithes have been com- muted for £275, and the glebe comprises 46 acres. The altar of the church is embellished with a large painting of the Salvator Mundi, by the Rev. J. R. Deverell, rector, who has also presented a neat and fine-toned organ j in the chancel is a monument to Sir John Hatcher, whose statue is beautifully executed in stone. An excellent parsonage-house has recently been built. CARGO, or Craghow, a township, in the parish of Stanwix, union of Carlisle, Cumberland ward, E. division of Cumberland, miles (N. W.) from Carlisle 5 containing 259 inhabitants. CARHAISE (St. Michael), county of Cornwall. — See Michael, St., Carhaise. CARHAM (St. Cuthbert), a parish, in the union of Glendale, W. division of Glendale ward, N. divi- ^ sion of Northumberland, 3| miles (W. S. W.) from ^oldJtream 5 containing 1274 inhabitants. This place, according to Leland, was the scene of a sanguinary bat- tle between the Saxons and the Danes, in which eleven bishops and two English counts were killed j and in 1018, a fierce conflict took place here between the Eng- lish and the Scots, in which the latter were victorious : the loss of the English was severe, and this event, ac- cording to some writers, is said to have made so deep 499 an impression on the mind of Aldun, Bishop of Durham, that he died of a broken heart. In 1296, the Scots, under William Wallace, encamped on a hill in the neigh- bourhood, since called Campfield, and reduced to ashes an abbey of Black canons, which had been founded at a period unknown, as a cell to the priory of Kirkham, in the county of York. In 1370, a battle took place between the Scots under Sir John Gordon, and the English, commanded by Sir John Lelburne, in which, after a severe and obstinate conflict, the former were victorious, and the English general and his brother were made prisoners. The parish is pleasantly situated at the north-western extremity of the county, and is bounded on the north and west by Scotland j it com- prises, according to a recent survey, 10,262 acres ; the surface, generally undulated, rises, in some parts, to a considerable elevation, and the scenery is enriched with fine plantations, and enlivened by the river Tweed, on the south bank of which the village is situated. .The living is a perpetual curacy j net income, £233 j pa- trons and impropriators. Heirs of A. Compton, Esq., of Carham Hall, The church, erected in 1791, is a very neat edifice 5 in 1832, a porch, and a vestry-room,, which is now used for a Sunday school, were added ; and, in 1839, the whole of the interior was newly arranged and repewed. A parochial school is supported by subscrip- tion. CARHAMPTON (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Williton, hundred of Carhampton, W. division of Somerset, l| mile (S. E.) from Dunster^ containing 682 inhabitants. This -place, which gives name to the hundred, probably received its appellation from the British saint Carantacus, or Carantac, who was the son of Keredic, Prince of Cardigan, and who retired hither, built an oratory, and spent the remainder of his life in acts of devotion. In the grounds of the vicarage have been found numerous skeletons, and the foundation of an ancient building, supposed to be the remains of this chapel, which is stated to have been formerly used as the parochial church. The parish is situated on the road between Minehead and Bridgwater, and comprises by measurement 5193 acres : stone is quarried for the roads. The petty-sessions for the divi- sion are held here. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £11. 8. 5 net income, £182 ^ patron, impropriator, and incumbent. Rev. J. F. Luttrell, whose impropriate tithes have been commuted for £505. 10., and vicarial, for £280. 8. ; the glebe consists of about 2 acres. There is a handsome screen in the church, separating the nave from the chancel. In addi- tion to the parochial church, there is a chapel of ease at Rod-Huish, a hamlet about 2 miles distant. The Wes- leyans have a place of w^orship. Twenty children are educated for £5 a year, the bequest of Richard Escott, in 1785 ^ and an annuity of £3 has been left for the same purpose. Near Dunster Park is an old encamp- ment, in excellent preservation 5 it is octagonal, with double ramparts and a ditch, and there are several out- works in connexion with it. In making a road through the parish, an ancient cairn was removed, when a per- fect sepulchre, seven feet long, was discovered, contain-* ing a human skeleton. CARISBROOKE (St. Mary), a parish, in the liberty of West Medina, Isle of Wight incorporation an^ divi- sion of the county of Southampton, 1 mile (w. s w) 3 S 2 ’ CAR! CARL from Newport 5 containing, with the hamlet of Bow- combe, and part of that of Chillerton, S6l3 inhabitants. This place derives some importance from its castle, situ- ated on a commanding conical eminence above the vil- lage, occupying about twenty acres. Its foundation is of .very remote antiquity j and some writers ascribe its origin to the Romans, as a few of their coins have been discovered in the neighbourhood 5 but the style of its architecture, especially the keep, clearly shows that it is principally a Norman erection. The whole was greatly improved in the time of Elizabeth, and surrounded by an extensive fortification, with five bastions and a deep moat, around which is a terrace-walk of three-quarters of a mile in circuit : these works were raised by the inhabitants, and those w^ho did not labour were obliged to contribute pecuniary aid. The castle was attacked and taken by Stephen, in 1136, when Baldwin, Earl of Devonshire, took refuge here, after declaring in favour of the Empress Maud 5 and, in the reign of Richard II., it successfully resisted an attack of the French, w^ho plundered the island. Carisbrooke Castle is, however, most remarkable as the place in which Charles I. was confined for thirteen months, previously to his being delivered up to the parliamentary forces, after having made one or two unsuccessful attempts to escape : his children were also subsequently imprisoned in it. This ancient fortress, a rectangular parallelogram including the keep, an irregular polygon, occupies about an acre and a half of ground, the latter being raised on an arti- ficial mound, to which there is an ascent of 7^ steps, and from its summit an extensive and beautiful prospect, embracing a great portion of the island, and parts of the New Forest and Portsdown hills opposite. Within the castle, which is considered as the residence of the governor,' are the ruins of an ancient guard-house, and the chapel of St. Nicholas, built in 1738, on the site of a more ancient one, in which the mayor and high consta- bles of Newport are sworn into office annually : the ap- pointment of a chaplain, whose stipend is £24, is in the Governor of the isle. The parish, which is partly bounded on the east by the river Medina, is nearly 20 miles in circumference, and altogether irregular in its outline, encompassing the town of Newport on three sides, and containing about one-fourth part of it 5 the surface is undulated, and the scenery picturesque, and the soil consists of chalk, marl, and clay. The village is pleasantly situated at the foot of the Castle Hill, on the banks of a rivulet, on which are five corn-mills, and which falls into the Medina at Newport. It was of much more consequence formerly than it is at present, having been a market- town, and considered the capital of the island, until superseded by the town of Newport, on account of the more eligible situation of the latter, up to which the river Medina is navigable, and where the nearest wharf is situated. The living is a vicarage, with Newport and North wood annexed, valued in the king’s books at £2S. 8. 1^. 5 net income, about £1000 j patrons, Provost and Scholars of Queen’s College, Oxford 5 impropria- tors, several Landowners. Opposite to the castle, on a rising ground, stands the church, an ancient structure, with an embattled tower, to which was formerly an- nexed a monastery of Cistercian monks, founded by William Fitz-Osborn, marshal to the Conqueror, who captured the island, at the same time that William con- 500 ^ quered the kingdom j but the remains of the monastery have been converted into a farm-house, called the Priory, There is a small glebe, comprising, with the site of the vicarage-house and garden, nearly 2 acres. A district church, dedicated to St. John, was erected in that part of the parish which adjoins the town of Newport, at an expense of £4000, defrayed by the Rev. Dr. Worsley, of Finchley, and endowed with £1000 by Major-Gen. Sir H. Worsley ; it was consecrated in 1837, since which period a district has been assigned to it, comprising a population of about 2500. The church is a handsome edifice of stone, in the early English style, containing 830 sittings, of which 230 are free 5 the tower, included in the original design, has not yet been added, tor want of funds. There are places of worship for Independents, Baptists, Wesleyans, &c. j a national school for the island, and a school called “^the Grey School,” for girls, both supported by subscription j also a Lancasterian school. CARKIN, a township, in the parish of Forcett, union of Richmond, wapentake of Gilling-West, N. riding of York, 7^ miles (E. by N.) from Greta-Bridge ; containing 55 inhabitants. It is set out in farms, and comprises by computation 770 acres of land. CARLATTON, an extra- parochial liberty, in Esk- DALE ward, E. division of Cumberland, miles (E. S. E.) from Carlisle; containing 61 inhabitants, and com- prising 1600 acres. Several coins, supposed to be Roman, have been discovered in ploughing a field form- ing part of the Low Hall estate ; and at a farm called Saugh-tree-gate is a cairn. CARLBY (St. Stephen), a parish, in the union of Bourne, wapentake of Ness, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 5 miles (N. by E.) from Stamford ; con- taining 216 inhabitants, and comprising 1336o. 9p. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. L 10^.; net income, £195; patrons, Mar-, quess of Exeter, and Sir John Wyldbore Smith, Bark The tithes were commuted for land and a money pay- ment in 1804 : there is a good glebe-house. CARLEBURY, a hamlet, in the parish of Conis- CLiFFE, union of Darlington, S. E. division of Darl- ington ward, S. division of the county of Durham, 5§ miles (W. by N.) from Darlington; containing 44 inha-^ bitants. Tradition informs us that this and several neighbouring villages were burnt in one of the incur- sions of the -Scots. At Carlebury hills, in the time of Charles I., a severe battle was fought between the royalists and a party of the parliamentary forces ; and some human bones have since been dug up, presumed to have, belonged to those who were slain. The hamlet is bounded on the south by the river Tees, and contains extensive quarries of limestone, and numerous lime- kilns. . CARLETON, a township, in the parish of Drigg, union of Bootle, Allerdale ward above Derwent, W. division of Cumberland, 2 miles (N. N. W.) from Ravenglass ; containing 143 inhabitants. It is on the road from Ravenglass to Whitehaven. CARLETON, a township, in the parish of St. Cuth- BERT, Carlisle, union of Carlisle, Cumberland ward, E. division of the county of Cumberland, 2§ miles (S. E.) from Carlisle ; containing 175 inhabitants. At Newlands, in the township, is a quarry of excellent blue freestone, in appearance like marble. CARL CARL ^ CARLETON, a hamlet, in the parish and union of Penrith, Leath ward, E. division of Cumberland 3 containing 81 inhabitants. CARLETON, a township, in the parish of Red- Marshall, union of Stockton, S. W. division of Stockton ward, S. division of the county of Durham, 4 miles (N. W. by W.) from Stockton 5 containing 15J inhabitants. The families of Gulley and Hertbarne had long an interest in the property of this township, which, in the reign of Elizabeth passed, by female heirs, to the Forests and Baynbriggs 5 and among more recent owners of land, occur the families of Richardson and Davison, who came into possession of estates here at arvery re- mote period. The place was restored to the see of Dur- ham by royal charter, during the episcopacy of Bishop Flambard, the people of Northumberland having pre- viously claimed it. The township comprises by measure- ment 1314 acres, of which 1013 are arable, ^88 pasture, 7 woodland, and 6 common and roads. The village is situated on the road leading from Darlington to Wyn- yard, Wolviston, and Hartlepool : the Clarence railway passes through a part of the township. The tithes have been commuted for £187. CARLETON, a township, in the parish of Poulton, union of the Fylde, hundred of Amounderness, N. division of the county of Lancaster, f of a mile (W.N. W.) from Poulton 5 containing 378 inhabitants. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £3^8, and the vicarial for £35. In 1697, Elizabeth Wilson endowed a school with £14. 9- 4., which has been increased by subsequent benefactions, the annual income amounting to about £23. CARLETON (St, Peter), a parish, in the union of Loddon and Clavering, hundred of Loddon, E. divi- sion of Norfolk, 85 miles (S. E. by E.) from Norwich 3 containing 96 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, with that of Ashby united, valued in the king’s books at £9 , net income, £294 3 patrons. Sir W. B. Proctor and Sir C. H. Rich, Barts. The tithes have been commuted for £168. 15., and the glebe consists of 5 acres. : CARLETON, a chapelry, in the parish of Snaith, union of Selby, Lower division of the wapentake of Bark stone- Ash, W. riding of York, l| mile (N. by E.) from Snaith 3 containing 802 inhabitants. It comprises 3788a. 2r. 39p. of rich fertile land, of a variety of soil, and produces all kinds of grain of excellent quality. Ah act was passed in 1800 for inclosing 380 acres of waste in the township. There is a wooden bridge across the Aire, on the road to Snaith, built by Thomas Stapleton, Esq., who also, in 1774, greatly improved Carleton Hall, the family seat, in which is a Roman Catholic chapel, and which is now occupied by Lady Throckmorton, lady of the manor, and sister to the late Miles Stapleton, Esq. The village, which is large and well built, is agreeably situated on the north side of the river Aire, and on the "*oad from Snaith to Selby. The living is a perpetual X ''rac^ 3 net income, £168 3 patrons. Trustees of Messrs. J. Day and Cave. , There is a small school, to which Mrs. E. Fisher, in 1726, left £4 per annum 3 and there are four almshouses. CARLETON, a. township, in the parish of Ponte^ fract. Upper division of the wapentake of Osgold- CROSS, W. riding , of York, if mile (S.: by E.) from .Pontefract 3 containing 179 inhabitants. It comprises 501 by computation 620 acres of land : the village is plea- santly situated in a fertile vale, to the west of the high road from Doncaster to Ferry-Bridge; The tithes were commuted for corn-rents, under an act of inclosure, in 1797. CARLETON (St, M4 ry)^ a parish, in the union of Skipton, E. division of the wapentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 2 miles (S. W.) from Skipton 3 containing 1242 inhabitants. The parish com- prises 5090a. 3r. 24p., of which 173 acres are arable, about 85 wood, 3517 pasture, and 1250 common or moor 3 the soil of the lands under cultivation near the river, is fertile, but on the high hills poorer. The popu- lation is chiefly employed in the worsted and cotton manufactures. The village is pleasantly situated in a picturesque vale, near the confluence of a tributary stream with the river Aire 3 and in Lothersdale are various small houses, widely scattered through a deep and secluded valley. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 2. 1. 3 net income, £450 3 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Cauons of Christ-Church, Oxford. The tithes have been commuted for £300, and the glebe is valued at £150 per annum> with an excellent glebe-house. The church, rebuilt in the 16th century, is in the later English style, with a square embattled tower, and contains 250 sittings, of which 70 are free : it was repaired, and a new gallery added, in 1841, by the Rev. Walter Levett, the vicar, and the principal landowners 3 and Mrs. Busfield pre- sented a complete set of communion service. A churchy dedicated to Christ, was erected in Lothersdale, in 1838, and was endowed by the Rev. Mr. Levett with the munificent sum of £1000, and £20 per annum from the tithes of Carleton : Mrs. Busfield also gave to thi^ church a communion service. An hospital was founded for 12 widows of this parish and that of Market-Bos- worth, by Ferrand Spence, Esq., who endowed it with property, now producing an .income of £280. The free school was established by Francis Price and Elizabeth Wilkinson, in 1709, and endow^ed with 99 acres of land, at present worth £120 per annum, of which £55 are paid to a master for teaching boys. There is also a school supported by the Society of Friends, CARLETON-FOREHOE (<8t. Mary), a parish, in the incorporation and hundred of Forehoe, E. division of Norfolk, 3 miles. (N. N. W.) from Wymondham 3 containing 151 inhabitants. The distinguishing appella- tion is derived from four hills, supposed to have beeii artificially constructed, and on one of which the court for the hundred was formerly held. The parish com- prises about 700 acres, of which 385 are arable, 180 pas- ture and meadow, and 35 woodland ; the road from Nor- wich toi Watton passes through it. The ancient manor- house, which was surrounded with a moat, has long been a ruin. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at , £5. 17- 1*5 net income, £1203 patron> Lord Wodehause. The . tithes were commuted for land in 1766 3 the glebe contains 131 acres, of which 37 were obtained, by purchase, with £200, given in 1724, by the Rev. James Champion, and £200. from Queen Anne’s Bounty. The church is a handsome structure in the later English style, with a square em- battled tower.. A school, chiefly for girls, is supported by the Hon. Miss Wodehouse. Church and poor’s land,, left in 1391 by- John. Sayers, received ah addition at the CARL CARL inclosure^ in 1766 , and now lets for £25, 11 . per an- num. CARLETON- IN -Cleveland, a parish, in tlie union of Stokesley, W. division of the liberty of Langbaurgh, N. riding of York, miles (S. S. W.) from Stokesley 3 containing ^259 inhabitants. At the time of Domesday book this place belonged to Robert, Earl of Mortain, in Normandy, though it had some time before been in the possession of Gospatrick, Earl of JTorthumberland 3 and it was probably laid waste by the Conqueror when he committed the well-known de- vastations in the country between York and Durham. The most considerable families that have since that date been connected with the spot as landed proprietors, are those of Meinill, Boulton, Neville, and Bruce. The parish is about three miles in length from north to south, and two miles broad 3 the inclosed lands incline gently towards the north, and are in general fertile, and yield abundant crops 3 the fields are well fenced, and the appearance of the country is highly pleasing. Extensive alum-works were formerly carried on, but since the discovery of richer beds of that mineral on the coast near Whitby, they have been discontinued. The village is situated at the foot of a considerable emi- nence, about a quarter of a mile south-west of the road leading to Stokesley, Thirsk, and North- Allerton 3 the houses are scattered irregularly on the banks of a small mountain rivulet that runs through the village, and afterwards joins the Leven. The living was, perhaps, once endowed with rectorial rights, but having been given to Whitby monastery, to which it was made appropriate, it was reduced at the Dissolution to a per- petual curacy 5 it is in the patronage of C. Reeve, Esq., the impropriator, and has a net income of £56. The church is a small modern structure. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and a school is supported by the lord of the manor. Various petrifactions of shells and fishes have been found. CARLISLE, an ancient city and inland port, having separate jurisdiction, and the head of a union, situated in the w'ard, and E. division of the county, of Cumberland (of which it is the chief town), 302 miles (N. N. W.) from London, on the great western road to Edinburgh and Glasgow 5 containing ^3,012 inhabitants. It was anciently called Caer-Luil, or Caer Leol, signifying “the city of Luil,” a British potentate, who is reputed to have been its founder. The Romans, on selecting it for a station, changed the name to LugovaLlum, w'hich is probably derived from Lugus, or LucUj a “tower” or “fort,” in the Celtic tongue, and Vallum-^ in allusion to Adrian’s vallum, which passed near it. From its earliest foundation till the union of the English and Scottish kingdoms, it suffered those shocks of incursive warfare to which, as a border town, it was peculiarly exposed, and by which it has been repeatedly overwhelmed. In the reign of Nero, it is stated, by the Scottish historians, to have been burned by the Caledonians, during the absence of the Romans, who, in the time of Agricola, repaired it and 502 constructed fortifications, as a barrier against the future attacks of the invaders. Soon after the final departure of the Romans, it was probably again destroyed 3 for, in the seventh century, we find that it was rebuilt by Egfrid, King of Northumbria, in w^hose reign it rose into importance. About the year 875, it was demolished by the Danes, and lay in ruins till after the Norman Con- quest, when it was restored by Rufus, who, in 1092 , built and garrisoned the castle, and sent a colony from the south of England to inhabit the city, and cul- tivate the circumjacent lands. The construction of the defensive works, however, advanced but slowly 3 as, when Henry I. was here, thirty years afterwards, he ordered more money to be disbursed for their comple- tion. They were most probably finished by David, King of Scotland, who, in 1135, took possession of Carlisle for the Empress Matilda, and resided here for several years, the entire county having been subse- quently ceded to him by Stephen : the Scottish histo- rians attribute the building of the castle and the height- ening of the walls to this monarch. After the disastrous battle of the Standard, in 1138, the city was the asylum of David, who occupied it with a strong garrison, and was here joined by his son 3 and in September of the same year, Alberic, the pope’s legate, arrived here, and found him attended by the barons, bishops, and priors of Scotland. This envoy obtained from David a pro- mise that all female captives should be brought to Car- lisle and released before St. Martin’s-day 3 and that in future the Scots should abstain from the violation of churches and the perpetration of unnecessary cruelties. In 1149 , the city was the head-quarters of David, during the hostilities which he maintained against King Ste- phen 5 and, in the following year, a league was here entered into against the latter monarch, by David, Henry Plantagenet (afterwards Henry II. of England), and the Earl of Chester, on which occasion Henry was knighted by the king of Scotland, and swore that when he should ascend the throne he would confirm to him and his heirs the territories held by the Scots in England. In 1152, David and his son Henry, the latter of whom died this year, met John, the pope’s legate, at Carlisle 3 and in the following year, or the next after, the Scottish monarch expired in the city, and was succeeded by his son, Malcolm IV. The counties of Cumberland and Northumberland having been ceded to Henry II. by Malcolm, in 1157, Carlisle was besieged, in 1173, by William the Lion, brother and successor to Malcolm 3 but on hearing that . illiam de Lucy, the justiciary and regent during the king’s absence in France, was advancing with a large army, he abandoned the enterprise. In the following year he again invested the place, and after a siege of several months, the garrison, being reduced to extreme distress, agreed to surrender the castle at a £xed period, if not previously relieved, from which en- gagement they were released during the interval by the capture of William, at Alnwick. In 1186, King Henry stationed himself at the city, with a strong body of forces, to aid the Scottish king in subduing Roland, a rebellious chieftain of Galloway. In 1216 , Carlisle was besieged by Alexander, William’s successor, and sur- rendered to him by order of the barons in rebellion against John 3 but in the following year, after the acces- sion of Henry III., it was surrendered to the English, CARL CARL In a great part of it was destroyed by a confla- gration, originating in the vindictive malice of an incen- diary, who set fire to his father’s house : the priory, the convent of the Grey friars, and the church, were all consumed, the convent of the Black friars alone escaping. The charters and public records being thus destroyed, the city was taken into the king’s hands, and the government was vested in justices of assize. In 1296, Carlisle was besieged by the Scottish troops under the Earl of Buchan, who set fire to the suburbs, but, after remaining four days befofe its walls, were com- pelled, by the determined valour of the inhabitants of both sexes, to retreat 5 and in the following year it was summoned to surrender by William Wallace, \vho, unable to obtain possession, ravaged the surrounding country. After the battle of Falkirk, in 1298, Edward /. marched with his army to Carlisle, where he held a parliament in September 5 and two years subsequently, he led his army through this city on a fresh expedition against Scotland. In 1306, that monarch appointed here a general ren- dezvous of his forces destined against Scotland, under Prince Edward : he arrived in person, attended by his queen, towards the end of August, and remained until September 10th. On March 12th, in the following year, the court was removed to Carlisle, where the parliament was then sitting. The king, though daily declining in health, did not relax in his efforts to subdue the Scots, but ordered all his vassals to assemble at Carlisle on the 8th of July. After celebrating his birth-day, he quitted the city on the 28th of June, being then so weak as to be unable to travel more than two miles a day, and died on the 7th of July, on reaching Burgh-on-the- Sands. An express having been sent to Prince Edward, the new monarch came hither on the 11th of July, and two days afterwards received the homage of nearly all the principal men of the kingdom : he then returned to prosecute his expedition against the Scots, but, relin- quishing the vigorous plans proposed by his father, he arrived at this city in the month of September follow- ing. In 1315, Carlisle was besieged by Robert Bruce, but was resolutely and successfully defended by its governor, Andrew de Hercla, afterwards Earl of Car- lisle. This nobleman, in 1322, being accused of hold- ing a treasonable correspondence with the Scots, was arrested by Lord Lucy, in the castle of which he was governor, degraded from his honours, and executed. In this year also, the Scottish army, commanded by Bruce, encamped for five days near the city, and burned Rose Castle, the episcopal residence. In 1332, Edward Balliol, after having narrowly escaped assassination at Annan, fled to Carlisle, and was hospitably received by Lord Dacre, then governor. When Edward III, was in Scotland, towards the close of 1334, he sent Balliol and the Earls of Oxford and Warwick to defend Carlisle against the Scots : being joineu by large reinforcements from the adjacent coun- ties, they made a successful incursion into Scotland, and returned in triumph to this city, which, in the following year, was visited by the monarch in person, who, on the 11th of July, quitted it with his army for Scotland. In 1337^ Carlisle was invested by a Scottish army, which fired the suburbs, burned Rose Castle, and pillaged the surrounding country 3 and in 1345, the entire city was burned by them, under the command of Sir William 503 Douglas. In 1352, Edward III., in consequence of the importance of Carlisle as a frontier town, and of the numerous calamities that it had suffered, renewed its charter, which had been destroyed in the conflagration of 1292. In 1380, an attempt was made on the city by some Scottish borderers, who fired one of the streets by discharging burning arrows, but were compelled to re- treat by a report that a numerous army was approach- ing to its relief. In 1385, it was attacked without sue** cess by the united Scottish and French forces ; and, two years afterwards, it was again attacked, but with the like want of success. In 1461, Carlisle was assailed by a Scottish army in the interest of Henry FI,, which burned the suburbs j and this is the only event respect- ing it that occurred during the war between the houses of York and Lancaster. In 1537, during Aske’s rebel- lion, it was besieged by an army of 8000 insurgents, under Nicholas Musgrave and others, who were repulsed by the inhabitants, and afterward defeated by the Duke of Norfolk, who commanded seventy- four of their officers to be executed on the city walls : Musgrave, however, escaped. In 1568, Mary, Queen of Scots, in the hope of finding an asylum from the hostility of her subjects, took fatal refuge in the castle. In the following year. Lord Scrope, the lord warden, held Carlisle against the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland, then in open rebellion 3 and, in 1596, Sir William Scott, after- wards Earl of Buccleuch, attacking the castle before day-break, to rescue a noted borderer, celebrated in the ballads of those times as Kinmont Willie,” surprised the garrison, and triumphantly bore him away. In the following year, the city was visited by a pestilence, which destroyed more than one-third of the popula- tion, and occasioned great distress among the survi- vors. On the union of the two kingdoms, and the accession of James to the English throne, the importance of Car- lisle as a frontier town having ceased, the garrison was reduced. At the commencement of the civil war in the 17th century, the citizens embraced the royal cause. In 1644, the city was threatened by a force which had as- sembled from the circumjacent country, but which, being pursued by the posse comitatus towards Abbey Holme, quickly dispersed and fled. At this period it afforded an asylum to the Marquess of Montrose and his army, who had retreated before the victorious arms of the Earl of Calendar. After the capture of York, in July of the same year. Sir Thomas Glenham, with the garri- son of that city, retired to Carlisle, where he assumed the command 3 and about the end of September, Sir Philip. Musgrave and Sir Henry Fletcher, with the remnant of their forces, which had been defeated by the Scots at Salkeld, reached this place with some difficulty, being hard pressed by Gen. Lesley, who, however, did not then stay to invest the city, thus enabling the. citizens to make ample preparations for a siege. In October he returned with part of his forces, and besieged the place 3 but the garrison and inhabitants made a vigorous de* fence, suffering incredible hardship from the scarcity of provisions 3 having held out until all hopes of relief were destroyed by the fatal issue of the battle of Naseby, they surrendered on honourable terms, on the 25th of June, 1645. During this siege, a coinage of one-shilling and three-shilling pieces was issued from the castle, which, though very scarce, are still to be met with in the CARL CARL cabinets of the curious. In October, Lord Digby and Sir Marmaduke Langdale were defeated by Sir John Brown, governor of the city, at Carlisle Sands. On the general evacuation of fortified towns by the Scottish garrisons, this city was relinquished to the parliament, in 1647 5 but about the end of April, 1648, it was taken by sur- prise by a royalist force commanded by Sir Thomas Glenham and Sir Philip Musgrave ; and soon after- wards, a considerable army was assembled for the king’s service, under the command of Sir Marmaduke Lang- dale, on a heath, five miles from the city : this army retreating towards Carlisle, the citizens, dreading the recurrence of a famine, petitioned the governor. Sir Philip Musgrave, to refuse it admittance. The Duke of Hamilton, arriving with his Scottish army early in July, superseded Musgrave in the command, which he confer- red on Sir William Levingston ; and the duke’s forces, which were quartered in the neighbourhood, having been joined at Rose Castle by those under Langdale, pursued their march southward. Sir Philip Musgrave, returning shortly after with his forces to Carlisle, was refused admittance by the new governor. Towards the dose of the war, on the 1st of Oct., the city was surrendered by treaty to Cromwell, by whom it was garrisoned with 800 infantry and a regiment of cavalry. A garrison of 600 infantry and 1200 cavalry was afterwards established here, for the purpose of suppressing the insurrections of the moss-troopers. A dreadful famine, in 1650, caused by the consumption of the garrison, compelled the inhabitants to petition parliament for assistance. In 1653, the celebrated George Fox, founder of the Society of Friends, was imprisoned in the dungeons of the cas- tle, on account of his religious tenets. During the rebellion in 1745, the vanguard of the young Pretender’s army encamped, on Nov. 9th, within four miles of Carlisle, which was garrisoned by the militia of Cumberland and Westmorland. Being joined on the following day by the main body, they summoned this place to surrender, but did net commence the siege till the 13th, which was conducted by a body of forces under the Duke of Perth, who compelled the place to surrender on the 15th, when the mayor and corporation, on their knees, presented to the young Pretender the keys of the city, and proclaimed his father king, and himself regent, with all due solemnity. The rebel army remained here for several days, during which much dis- sension prevailed among its leaders, and then resumed its march southward, leaving in the castle a garrison of 150 men. But they were compelled to retreat on the approach of the Duke of Cumberland, part of them retiring into the castle here, and the remainder pursuing their flight across the border ; and the duke having laid siege to the city, forced the garrison to surrender at discretion. The officers of the rebel forces were sent to London, where having suffered death as traitors, their heads were sent down and exposed in the public places of the city. Cappock, whom the Pretender had created Bishop of Carlisle, was hanged, drawn, and quartered ; and nine others concerned in the rebellion were executed in the city. , Carlisle is pleasa*:tly situated on a gradual eminence, at the confluence of the rivers Eden and Caldew, which, with the Petterel, almost environ it. The four principal streets diverge from the market-place, and have several minor ones branching from them 5 they are well paved, 504 and lighted with gas by a company formed pursuant to an act obtained in 1819, who have erected works at the cost of £10,000. The houses in general are regular and well built. A very handsome bridge of white free- stone was erected over the Eden, in 1812, from a design by R. Smirke, jun., at an expense to the county of about £70,000 j it consists of five elliptical arches, and is connected with the town by an arched causeway. Two stone bridges, each of one arch, were built over the Cal- dew, on the west side of the city, in 1820 3 and a bridge of three arches over the Tetterel, about a mile from the town, was erected a few years since. The Castle is situ- ated at the north-west angle of the city, on the summit of a steep acclivity overlooking the Eden : it is of an irregular form, and consists of an outer and inner ward 3 the former, two sides of which are formed by part of the city wall, is quadrangular, and contains no buildings of importance, except an armoury, in which 10,000 stand of arms were formerly deposited, and which is now con- verted into barracks for the infantry of the garrison, the cavalry being quartered on the innkeepers. The inner ward is triangular, and contains the keep, or dungeon tower, into which the armoury has been lately removed 3 it is square, and of great strength, having a circular archway leading from the outer into the inner ward, and is, no doubt, that portion of the castle built by William Rufus. The other parts are evidently of later date, and correspond with the times of Richard III., Henry VIIL, and Elizabeth, by all of whom it was repaired and partly rebuilt : a great part of the buildings erected by Elizabeth has been taken down. It is the head of the ancient royal manor of the soccage of Carlisle, now held by the Duke of Devonshire as grantee of the crown, and which includes part of the city, and 500 acres of land in its immediate vicinity. The environs abound with gen- teel residences : the view embraces the course of the river Eden, as it winds through a fertile and well culti- vated tract of countr}^ In 1818 and 1819, a subscrip- tion was begun for the relief of the poor, who by this means were employed in completing and forming various walks near the town, the most interesting of which are, the promenade on the slope and summit of the hill on which the castle stands, a terrace-walk on the opposite bank of the Eden, and a raised walk along the south margin of that river. A subscription library was es- tablished in 1768, and a news-room has been added to it 3 and in Jan. 1830, some ground was purchased oppo- site the Bush Inn, for the erection of a new subscription library and news-rooms, which have been since built. A commercial news-room was opened in 1825 3 and an academy of arts, for the encouragement of native and other artists in sculpture, painting, modelling, &c., was instituted in 1823 3 but the latter has been discontinued. A Mechanics’ Institute was established in 1824 3 and a Literary and Philosophical Society has more recently been formed, for which an appropriate edifice has been erected by a proprietary company. The theatre, which was built about twenty-five years since, is constantly open during the races, and at other stated periods. Races were commenced about the middle of the last cen- tury, and the first King’s plate was given in I763 3 they continue to be held in the autumn upon a fine course called the Swifts, situated on the south side of the Eden, and are generally well attended, by persons from various parts, as well as by the citizens. CARL CARL The TRADE principally consists in the manufacture of cotton goods and ginghams for the West India market, in which upwards of 1000 looms are employed in the town, and a still greater number in the adjacent vil- lages. There are ten gingham and check manufactories 5 nine cotton-spinning factories, employing 80,000 spin- dles j a small mill for weaving calicoes, a carpet manu- factory, several hat- factories, three iron-foundries, four tan-yards, and four breweries : there are also several fisheries on the river Eden, for the regulation of which an act of parliament was passed in 1804. In 1819, a canal was begun from Carlisle to the Solway Firth, at Bowness, a distance of eleven miles, and finished in 1823, at an expense of about £90,000, by means of which vessels of 100 tons’ burthen can come up to the town. The vessels belonging to the port are chiefly occupied in supplying the city and neighbourhood with iron, slate, salt, and other merchandise, and in convey- ing grain, oak-bark, alabaster, freestone, coal, lead, staves, &c., and other produce of the adjacent country, to different towns on the coast. The Newcastle and Carlisle railway, 60 miles long, and which cost nearly a million sterling, was opened June 18th, 1838 5 there is a railway from Maryport to Carlisle 5 and it is in con- templation to form a line to Penrith, to communicate with the proposed continuation of the London, Birming- ham, and Preston railroads, through Carlisle, to Glas- gow. The principal station and dep6t of the Newcastle railway are situated about a quarter of a mile to the south of the city, and close to the London road ) they are nearly contiguous, and occupy together an area of about six acres. The market days are Wednesday and Saturday ^ and fairs for cattle and horses are held on Aug. 26th and Sept. 19th, during the continuance of which all persons in the city are free from arrest. There are also fairs, or great markets, on the Saturday after Old Michaelmas-day, and on every Saturday fol- lowing till Christmas 5 these are held on the sands, near the bridge across the Eden. In April there is a great show^-fair for cattle, when prizes are distributed by the Agricultural Society. The Saturdays at Whitsun- tide and Martinmas are hiring days for servants. into five wards. The mayor is a justice of the peace ex officio for two years, and the total number of magistrates is eleven, who meet for business on four days in each week. The freedom of the city is inherited by birth, and acquired by an apprenticeship of seven years to a resi- dent freeman. The citizens first exercised the elective franchise in the 23rd of Edward I., since which time they have regularly returned two members to parlia- ment. The right of election was formerly in the free burgesses, previously admitted members of one of the eight fraternities, whether resident or not, in number about 1000 5 but, by the act of the 2nd of William IV., cap. 45, the non-resident voters, except within seven miles, were disfranchised, and the privilege was extended to the £10 householders : the limits of the city, also, were enlarged for elective purposes, from 80 to 1800 acres. The returning officer is the mayor. The mayor presides at a court of record every Monday, for the re- covery of debts to any amount, and at a quarterly court for the recovery of debts under forty shillings ; these courts are held in the town-hall, in the centre of the town, near which are the moot-hall and council-chamber. There are eight fraternities or companies, viz.y Merchants, Tanners, Skinners, Butchers, Smiths, Weavers, Tailors, and Shoemakers, who hold a general meeting on Ascen- sion-day. The assizes for the county, and the Christ- mas and Midsummer quarter-sessions, are held in the new court-houses, erected, in 1810, by act of parlia- ment, at an expense of £100,000, from a design by . Robert Smirke, jun., on the site of the ancient citadel that flanked the eastern gate, and consisting of two large circular towers, one on each side of the entrance into the city, in the decorated style of English archi- tecture. From one of the court-rooms is a subterra- neous passage, for conducting the prisoners to and from the county gaol and house of correction, a noble pile of .building, completed, under the same act, in 1827, at a cost of £42,000, and surrounded by a stone wall 25 feet high ; it occupies the site of the convent of the Black friars, and serves as a prison both for the city and county. Carlisle is the principal place of election for the eastern division of the county. Corporation Seal. Obverse. Reverse. The city is a borough by prescription : it received its first charter from Henry II., and others were subse- Arms of the Bishopric. The DIOCESE of Carlisle originally formed part of that of Lindisfarn ; but the see being removed from the latter place to Durham, and considerable inconvenience being felt on account of the distance of Carlisle from that city, Henry I., in 1133, con- stituted it a distinct bishop- ric, and appointed to the episcopal chair Athelwald, his confessor, who was prior of a monastery of Augustine canons, founded here in the reign of William Rufus, by Walter, a Norman priest, and completed and endowed by this monarch. By the act of the 6th and 7th of William IV., cap. 77, the Ecclesiastical Commissioners named therein are era- quently granted previously to that bestowed in the 13th powered to carry into effect the reports of two bodies of ot Charles I., by wffiich the corporation was regulated, commissioners previously appointed by the crown, by till, by the act of the 5th and 6th of William IV., cap. which it is proposed that the diocese of Carlisle shall 76, the government was vested in a mayor, ten alder- consist of the present diocese, of those parts of Cumber- men, and thirty councillors, and the city was divided land and Westmorland which are now in the diocese of VoE. I. — 505 3 T CARL CARL Chester, of the deanery of Furness and Cartmel, in the county of Lancaster, and of the parish of Alston, at present in the diocese of Durham. The bishop, or his chancellor, exercises sole ecclesiastical jurisdiction over 130 benefices, the powers of the archdeacon having been anciently resigned to him for an annual pension, in con- sequence of the smallness of the diocese rendering their concurrent jurisdiction inconvenient. The revenue of the priory above mentioned, in the 26th of Henry VIII., was estimated at £482. 8. 1. This monarch dissolved , the monastic establishment in 1540, and instituted a dean and chapter, composed of a dean, four prebendaries, and eight minor canons, and endowed the body with the whole, or the greater part, of the possessions of the dis- solved priory, constituting the bishop, by the same charter, visiter of the chapter : he also appointed a sub- deacon, four lay clerks, a grammar master, six choris- ters, a master of the choristers, and inferior officers. The advowson of the prebends has, since 1557, belonged to the bishop, who has also the patronage of the arch- deaconry, chancellorship, and thirty-three benefices ; his income is £3000. The dean and four canons compose the chapter, which has a net revenue of £3500, and the patronage of the five minor canonries and twenty-nine benefices 5 the deanery is in the gift of the Crown. The Cathedral, dedicated to St. Mary, is a venerable struc- ture, exhibiting different styles : it was originally cruci- form, but the western part was taken down, in 1641, to furnish materials for the erection of a guard-house *, and during the interregnum, part of the nave and the con- ventual buildings was also pulled down, for repairing the walls and the citadel 5 it has a square embattled central tower, and the east end is decorated with pin- nacles rising above the roof. It consists of a choir, north and south transepts, and two remaining arches of the nave, walled in at the west end, and used as a parish church. The choir is of decorated English architecture, with large clustered columns enriched by foliage, and pointed arches with a variety of mouldings 5 the cleres- ^ tory windows, in the upper part, are filled with rich tracery, and the east end has a lofty window of nine lights, of exquisite workmanship, exhibiting great ele- gance of composition and harmony of arrangement, which render it superior to almost every other in the kingdom. The aisles are in the early English style, with sharply pointed windows and slender- shafted pil- lars 3 the remaining portion of the nave and the south transept are of Norman architecture, having large mas- sive columns and circular arches, being evidently the part built in the reign of William Rufus. There are monuments to the memory of some of the bishops, and one recently erected to Archdeacon Paley, who wrote some of his works while resident in this city, and who, with his two wives, was buried in the cathedral. Carlisle is comprised within the two parishes of St, Mary and St. Cuthbert, which respectively contain, in- cluding parts without the city, 13,576 and 10,965 inha- bitants. The living of St. Mary’s is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £90 3 appropriators, the Bishop, and the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle. The church is part of the nave of the cathedral. The living of St. Cuthbert is a perpetual curacy 3 patrons and appropriators, the Dean and Chapter 3 net income, £157, with a glebe-house. The church, dedicated to St. Cuthbert, Bishop of Lin- disfarn, is a plain edifice, rebuilt in the year 1778, at 506 the cost of the inhabitants, upon the site of the ancient structure. Two district churches, namely. Trinity, in the parish of St. Mary, and Christ- Church, in that of St. Cuthbert, were completed in Sept. T830, at an ex- pense of £13,212, of which £4030 were subscribed by the inhabitants, and the remainder granted by the Par- liamentary Commissioners 3 the first stone of each was laid on Sept. 25th, 1828 3 they are in the early style of English architecture, each having a tower surmounted by a spire. The patrons of both are the Dean and Chapter. The living of Trinity was augmented, in 1841, with £90 per annum, by the Ecclesiastical Commis- sioners : the remaining part of the income, and the whole of that of Christ- Church, arise from the letting of seats and some small fees. There are meeting-houses for Baptists, the Society of Friends, Independents, Wes- leyans, and Presbyterians, and a Roman Catholic chapel. The Grammar School was founded by Henry VIII., on instituting the dean and chapter, and hsis an endowment of £120 per annum, of which the dean and chapter con- tribute £20 per annum 3 the remainder arising from an estate in the parish of Addingham, purchased in 1702, with a gift of £500 by Dr. Smyth, a former bishop : the management is vested in the dean and chapter. Dr. Thomas, Bishop of Rochester, left £1000 stock, direct- ing the dividends to be applied to the benefit of two sons of clergymen, instructed here, and sent to Queen’s Col- lege, Oxford 3 if not claimed by clergymen’s sons from this school, they are given to others from St. Bees. Dr. Thomas, Dr. Tully, and the Rev. J. D. Carlyle, a learned orientalist, received the rudiments of their education here 3 the last is interred in the church of St. Cuthbert. A general infirmary for the whole county has been re- cently erected 3 and there are various benevolent soci- eties, schools for the poor, and charitable donations. The union of Carlisle comprises 19 parishes or places, and contains a population of 36,084. Near the city was formerly an hospital, dedicated to St. Nicholas, founded prior to the 21st of Edward I., for thirteen leprous persons, and which, at the Dissolution, was assigned towards the endowment of the dean and chapter. In the city walls, near the castle, an ancient vaulted cham- ber, having a recess at each end, and accessible only by an opening through the wall, has been lately discovered 3 it is supposed to have been a reservoir, or fountain, in the time of the Romans. In the reign of William HI., a Roman Triclinivm, with an arched roof, still existed, and from an inscription on its front which Camden read Marti Victory" is supposed to have been a temple in honour of Mars. A large altar was lately found, in- scribed Deo Marti Belatucardro ,* and, a few years since, a Prceferculum, ten inches and a quarter high, having the handles ornamented in bas-relief with figures sacri- ficing. In the castle yard is a bas-relief of two figures hooded and mantled. Carlisle confers the title of Earl on the family of Howard. CARLTON. — See Carleton. CARLTON {St. Mary), a parish, in the hundred of Willey, union and county of Bedford, 1^ mile (S.) from Harrold 3 containing 444 inhabitants. It was for- merly much intermixed with the parish of Chellington, but, under an act of inclosure, in 1801, a distinct bound- ary has been established. The living is a rectory, with that of Chellington united in 17 69, valued in the king’s books at £15. 6. 8.3 net income, £370 3 patron, Hon. CARL CARL €r. R. Trevor. . The tithes were commuted for land and money payments in 1805. The church contains a tablet, on which is recorded the long incumbency of the Rev. Thomas WOls, who was seventy years minister. There is a^ place of worship for Particular Baptists,. CARLTON {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of LmroN, hundred of RADFiEiiiD, county of Cambridge, 7 miles (S.) from Newmarket ; containing,, with the hamlet of Willingham, 424 inhabitants,, and comprising by computation 2200 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £93 net income, £287 3 patrons. Trustees of W. S. P. Wilder, Esq. The church is a plain edifice. Sir Thomas Elliott, author of a Latin Dictionary, and other works, resided here, and, dying in 1546, was buried in the church. A school is endowed with £3. 13. 6. per annum, and is further supported by the rector. CARLTON, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Market-Bosworth, hundred of Sparkenhoe, S. di- vision of the county of Leicester, if mile (N. by W.) from Market-Bosworth 3 containing 282 inhabitants. The chapel is dedicated to St. Mary. The Ashby-de-la- Zouch canal crosses the south-west angle of the cha- pelry. CARLTON, a hamlet, in the parish' of Gedling, union of Basford, S. division of the wapentake of Thxjrgarton,. and of the county of Nottingham, 3; miles (E. N. E.) from Nottingham 3 containing 2015 in- habitants. This is an- extensive hamlet, the inhabitants of which are chiefly employed in making hosiery and; lace. There' is aplace of w^orship for Wesleyans. CARLTON {St. Peter), a parish, in. the union of Blything, hundred of Hoxne, locally in that of BnYTHr ING, E. division of Suffolk, a mile (N. by W.) from Saxmundham 3 containing 133 inhabitants, and com- prising 450 acres. The living is a rectory, consolidated,, in 1*679, with that of Kelsale, and valued in the king’s books at £3.. 11. O5. A chantry was founded here, about 1330, by John Framlingham, rector of Kelsale, for three chaplains to pray for the soul of Alice of Plainault, Countess Marshal. CARLTON,, a chapelry, in the parish of Hus- THWAiTE, union of Easingwould.,. wapentake of Bird- FORTH, N. riding of York, 5|r miles (N. N.W.) from Easingwould3 containing I7I inhabitants. It comprises 760a. 3r. 3Jp. of fertile land : the village is pleasantly situated on the road between Husthwaite and Little Thirkleby., The chapel is aii; ancient structure, an- nexed to the curacy of Husthwaite. The impropriate' tithes have been commuted for £214. 15.,. payable to Trinity College, Cambridge, and there ia a glebe of above 4 acres.- CARLTON, a township, in the parish of Coverham, union of Leyburn, wapentake of Hang-West, N. riding of York, 4 miles (S. W. by W.) from Middleham 3 con- taining 303 inhabitants. This village, which was for- merly of much greater extent than it is at present, and had a capital messuage called the Hall, is situated on the north-west of the river Cover 3 and the township,, usually styled Carlton Town, to distinguish it from a neighbouring district of the same name, comprises about 3380 acres^ chiefly in the high moors and fells, and con- tains w4thin its limits the residences of Anthony Buckle,, Esq., the Rev. G. C. Tomlinson,. &c. The lordship is divided among several- proprietors, but the principal 507 portion belongs to Mrs. Simpson, of Ripon. A school- house was erected in 1835, by subscription, where divine service is performed, under a licence from the bishop of the diocese ; and there is a place of worship for Wesley- ans 3 also a close, designated Quaker Garth, where it is probable that sect had once a meeting-house and burial- ground. CARLTON, with Lofthouse, a township, in the parish of Rothwell, Lower division of the wapentake of Agbrigg, W. riding of York, 4§ miles (W.) from; Leeds 3 containing 1536 inhabitants. The township comprises IS 10 acres, of which 96 were inclosed in 1836, and brought into cultivation 3 the substratum abounds with coal, of which some mines are in opera- tion. There are extensive establishments for the manu^ facture of rope and twine. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £90. 4. 7^ and the vicarial for £68. — See Lofthouse. CARLTON, a township, in the parish of Guise ley. Upper division of the w^apentake of Skyrack, W. riding of York, 2 miles (S. E.) from Otley3 containing 205 inhabitants, including the inmates of a workhouse, erected here, in 1818, for an incorporation, under Gil- bert’s act, comprising forty townships. It consists of about 1276 acres of land, and has a small scattered vil- lage, lying at the distance of 2 miles to the north of Guiseley. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, under an inclosure act, in 1772. Here was a school, with a lending library attached, but it was discontinued four years since. CARLTON, a township, in the parish of Royston, wapentake of Stain cross, W. riding of York, 3 miles (N..N. E.) from Barnsley 3 containing 411. inhabitants. The monastery of Bretton anciently had possessions here 3 and at St. Ellen’s Well, in the township, was a house belonging to that establishment, which was used as a place of retirement by the prior : there was also a chapel, at which, a priest said the morning mass 5 and a well. to which^” says Dbdsworth, they used to come on pilgrimage.” The township comprises by computation 2090 acres of fertile land, of which upwards of 200 are wood and plantations : Lord WharnclifFe is lord of the manor, and principal owner of the soil. The village, which is small, is situated near the Barnsley canal, and the road from Barnsley to Wakefield passes on the west of it, at the distance of about two miles. In the neigh- bourhood are several handsome residences. CARLTON, CASTLE {Holy Cross), a parish, in the union of Louth, Marsh division of the hundred of Louth-Eske, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 6 miles (S. E. by S.) from Louth 3 containing .52 inha- bitants. This place, which was once a populous market- town, enjoying, many privileges granted by Henry I., derives its distinguishing, appellation from an ancient castle, the baronial residence of Sir Hugh Bardolph, occupying one of three artificial mounts, each sur- rounded by a moat still visible. The parish comprises by computation 443 acres, of which 336 are arable, about 77 pasture, and 30 wood. The living is a rectory not in charge 3 net income, £69 j patron, John Forster, Esq. The church has been enlarged by the; addition of a chancel, and has been repewed. CARLTON-COLVILLE {St. Peter), a parish^ in the incorporation and hundred of Mutford and Loth- ingland, Ei division of Suffolk, 3| miles (S. W. by W.) 3 T 2 CARL CARL from Lowestoft j containing 785 inhabitants. The parish has Mutford broad on the north, and the navigable river Waveney runs on the north-west j it comprises by measurement 2902 acres. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 10. 7^.^ and in the gift of the Rev. George Anguish ; the tithes have been commuted for £387, and the glebe comprises 17^ acres. The church is a handsome structure, in the early English style, with a square embattled tower ; it has a curiously sculptured font, and displays some de- tails of a later period. CARLTON- CURLIEU {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Billesdon, hundred of Gartree, S. division of the county of Leicester, 7 | miles (N. N. W.) from Market- Harborough j containing, with the chapelry of Ilston-on-the-Hill, 208 inhabitants, of whom 57 are in Carlton- Curlieu. The ancient manor-house affords a specimen of the Elizabethan style of architecture, though, from a date, it does not appear to have been finished until the time of Charles 1. 5 it is chiefly built of fine stone from Ketton, in Rutlandshire, and was purchased, at the termination of the civil war, by Sir Geoffrey Palmer, the first baronet. The living is a rectory, va- lued in the king’s books at £18. 15. 10. j net income, £242 ; patron. Sir J. H. Palmer. There is a chapel of ease at Ilston. CARLTON, EAST, comprising the united parishes of St. Mary and St. Peter the Apostle, in the union of Henstead, hundred of Humbleyard, E. division of Norfolk, 5 miles (S. W. by S.) from Norwich 3 con- taining 310 inhabitants, and including 850 acres. The corporation of Norwich purchased the principal manor, and holds it upon condition of carrying yearly to the king’s house, wherever he may be, provided he be in England, twenty-four herring-pies or pasties, containing a hundred herrings, which the town of Yarmouth is bound to supply. The living of St. Mary’s is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4, and, till lately, in the patronage of the Corporation 3 net income, £176. St. Peter’s is a discharged sinecure rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6, and in the gift of the Crown 3 net income, £188. The two churches formerly stood within fifty yards of each other 3 that of St. Peter has fallen into ruins. St. Mary’s is a small edifice, chiefly in the early English style, and has a low square tower, surmounted by a wooden spire. A school is supported by subscription. CARLTON, EAST {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Kettering, hundred of Corby, N. division of the county of Northampton, 7 miles (E. by N.) from Market- Harborough 5 containing 68 inhabitants. The parish, bounded on the north by the river Welland, comprises l600a. 5p., of which about 1000 acres are meadow and pasture, 1 88 wood, and the rest arable : it is crossed by the road from Harborough to Rocking- ham. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 16. 3.5 net income, £108; patron, Sir J. H. Palmer, Bart. The church and the family mansion were rebuilt by the late proprietor : attached to the latter is a small park, which has recently been much improved by the addition of some beautiful grounds in the adjoin- ing township of Middleton. An hospital, now occupied by five women, was founded, in 1668, by Sir Geoffrey Palmer, who endowed it with forty-six acres of land in the forest of Leighfield; and Lady Mary Palmer, in 508 171 1, bequeathed the principal part of a fund of £32 per annum for apprenticing children. CARLTON, GREAT {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Louth, Marsh division of the hundred of Louth-Eske, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 7| miles (E. S. E.) from Louth 3 containing 352 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 2196 acres, of which about 1327 are arable, and the rest pas- ture. The living is a vicarage, not in charge, endowed with the rectorial tithes, and in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln ; net income, £571, arising from 300 acres of land, and the tithes, which have been commuted for £6l. 3. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A school was erected by Sir Edward Smith, Bart., in 17I6, which is endowed with £20 per annum ; four acres of land, yielding a rent of £6, were added on inclosing the lordship of Carlton Castle. CARLTON-HIGHDALE, a township, in the parish of CovERHAM, union of Leyburn, wapentake of Hang- West, N. riding of York ; varying from 6J to 16 miles (S. W. by W.) from Middleham, and containing 385 in- habitants. This district, which is co-extensive with the chapelry of Horsehouse, and comprises about 12,480 acres of land, consists chiefly of wild and romantic tracts, but a large portion occupying the sides of Cover- dale 3 and includes the hamlets of Arkleside, Blackrake, Coverhead, Bradley, Gammersgill, Horsehouse, Swine- side, Woodale, and Pickle, all on the banks of the river Cover. Lead-ore is found in some of the lofty moors. In 1714, William Swithenbank left a house in Arkle- side and £2 per annum, for widows, and £5 for edu- cating poor children and putting out apprentices, within the township. CARLTON-IN-LINDRICK (.St. John), a parish, in the union of Worksop, Hatfield division of the wapen- take of Bassetlaw, N. division of the county of Not- tingham, 3|- miles (N. by E.) from Worksop 3 contain- ing, in the north and south divisions, 1047 inhabitants. This appears to have been a place of some importance before the Conquest, from the many vestiges of antiquity still visible. A considerable trade is carried on in malt, which is chiefly disposed of at Manchester and Stock- port. The parish comprises 4073ci. 25jo. : the great road between Doncaster and Nottingham runs through the village, and the Chesterfield canal passes within three miles. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £15. 13.4. 3 net income, £5/ 6 ; patron. Archbishop of York. The tithes were commuted for 541 acres of land in 1767> and there is an excellent glebe-house. The church, which is a spacious edifice, chiefly in the Norman style, has a fine arch at the prin- cipal entrance ; the tower and the nave are in a later style, and the north and south aisles have been erected within the last few years. Schools are supported by a private individual 3 and the rector maintains a school for children of both sexes. CARLTON-ISLEBECK, or Miniott, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Thirsk, wapentake of Bird- FORTH, N. riding of York, 2| miles (W. by S.) from Thirsk 3 containing 313 inhabitants. It comprises 1533 acres, of which 25a. 2r. 29p. are roads and waste : the village is pleasantly situated on the road from Thirsk to Ripon, and about one mile west of the Great North of England railway. The living is a perpetual curacy, with a net income of £103, and in the patronage of the CARL CARR Archbishop of York, who is appropriator, and whose tithes have been commuted for £247 ; those of the per- petual curate of the parish for £73, and those of the rector of Kirby- Knowle for £16. The chapel is a small ancient edifice. There is a place of worship for Wes- ley ans. CARLTON, LITTLE (St, Edith), a parish, in the union of Louth, Marsh division of the hundred of Louth-Eske, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 7 miles (E. S. E.) from Louth ) containing 136 inhabit- ants. It comprises 1006a. Ir. 37p.> of which about 621 acres are arable, and 383 pasture. The living is a dis- charged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 16. 10^., and in the gift of John Forster, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £195. 5., and the glebe consists of 16 acres. CARLTON-LE-MOORLANDS (St. Mary), a pa- rish, in the union of Newark, Lower division of the wapentake of Boothby-Graffo, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 10 miles* (S. W. by W.) from Lin- coln j containing 33 1 inhabitants. It is bounded on the east by the river Brant, and on the west by the Witham, and comprises by measurement 2060 acres. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 0. 10. ; net income, £90 5 patron and im- propriator, Lord Middleton. The church is a neat plain structure. There is a place of worship for Bap- tists and a school is supported by subscription. CARLTON, NORTH, a parish, in the wapentake of Lawress, parts of Lindsey, union and county of Lin- coln, miles (N. N. W.) from Lincoln ; containing 178 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £35 j patron and appropriator. Prebendary of Carlton, in the Cathedral of Lincoln. CARLTON-RODE (All Saints), a parish, in the union and hundred of Depwade, E. division of Nor- folk, 5 miles (S. E. by E.) from Attleborough j con- taining 938 inhabitants. It is said to take its distin- guishing appellation from its ancient lord, Walter de Rode, who lived in the reign of Henry III. The road from New Buckenham to Norwich runs through the parish, which comprises about 2600 acres. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £16, and in the gift of Sir R. J. Buxton, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for £921, and the glebe con- sists of about 49 acres, to which is attached an excellent glebe-house, which has been considerably improved by the Rev. Francis Bevan. The church is a handsome structure, chiefly in the later English style, and has a low square embattled tower 3 the nave is lighted by clerestory windows, and is separated from the chancel by the remains of a well-executed carved screen, on which are painted, with gilding, representations of the Twelve Apostles. There is a place of worship for Par- ticular Baptists 3 and a school has been erected by the incumbent, by whom also it is chiefly supported. A town estate of twenty-two acres, in the hands of feolFees, is applied to the repairing of the church, and another of forty acres, in the distribution of coals. Here are the ruins of a free chapel, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. CARLTON-SCROOP (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Grantham, wapentake of Loveden, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 7 miles (N. N. E.) from Grantham 3 containing 219 inhabitants. It is 509 on the road from Grantham to Lincoln, and comprises 1347a. 27p. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 1. 5j. 3 patrons, Earl Browmlow, Sir Robert Bromley, Bart., and George White, Esq., who present in turn. The tithes have been commuted for £380, and the glebe comprises 39 acres, to which is attached a glebe-house. A national school has just been built. CARLTON, SOUTH, a parish, in the wapentake of Lawress, parts of Lindsey, union and county of Lin- coln, 3 ^ miles (N. N. W.) from Lincoln 5 containing 166 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £56 3 patron and .impropriator. Lord Monson. A school was endowed, in 16/ 8, by Sir John Monson, who bequeathed £10 per annum for a master. CARLTON-UPON-TRENT,achapelry, in the union of Southwell, parish of Norwell, N. division of the wapentake of Thurgarton, S. division of the county of Nottingham, 6f miles (N.) from Newark 3 contain- ing 230 inhabitants. At the distance of a quarter of a mile east of the village, is a ferry over the Trent, which bounds the chapelry. The tithes were commuted for land in 1/65. CARNABY (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Bridlington, wapentake of Dickering, E. riding of York, 3 | miles (S. W. by W.) from Brid- lington 3 containing 185 inhabitants. This place, of which the village is situated on the road between Brid- lington and Driffield, comprises about 2000 acres : good limestone is quarried. Sir George Strickland, Bart., is lord of the manor, and chief owner of the soil. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 8. 11^. j net income, £44 5 patron and im- propriator, Sir George Strickland : it has been lately united to Fraisthorpe and Auburn. The, church is a small edifice, with an embattled tower. A school is supported by private donations. CARNFORTH, a township, in the parish of War- ton, union of Lancaster, hundred of Lonsdale, south of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 6 miles (N. by E.) from Lancaster 3 containing 306 inha- bitants. CARPERBY, a township, in the parish of Ays- garth, wapentake of Hang-West, N. riding of York, 9 miles (W. by N.), from Middleham 3 containing, with Thoresby, 354 inhabitants. It contains about 4000 acres 3 and its village, which is long, and of .well-built houses, is pleasantly seated on the north side of Wens- ley-dale, under lofty moorland hills. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £120, payable to Trinity College, Cambridge. Here was anciently a chapel of ease, of which some remains exist. There are places of worship for Primitive Methodists and Wesleyans. CARRINGTON, a chapelry, in the parish of Bow- don, union of Altrincham, hundred of Bucklow, N. division of the county of Chester, 10 miles (S. W.) from Manchester 3 containing 559 inhabitants. It com- prises by admeasurement 1394 acres, of which 960 are arable, 424 meadow and pasture, and 10 woodland ; the two villages of Carrington and Partington form the chapelry. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net in- come, £375 3 patron, Earl of Stamford. The tithes have been commuted for £150, of which £130 are payable to the Bishop of Chester, and £20 to the vicar of the parish. The chapel, dedicated to St. George, is a plain brick C A I-l S CART building, erected in 1759, chiefly at the cost of Mary, Countess of Stamford. There is a school with a small; endowment. CARRINGTON, a parochial chapelry, in the union of Boston, E. division of the soke of Boongbroke, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, l| mile (S.) from New Bolingbroke ^ containing 229 inhabitants. It was formerly in 'the parish of Helpringham, but was consti- tuted a parochial chapelry in 1812, by an act of parlia- ment, on the occasion of a very extensive drainage of fen lands. The living is a perpetual curacy, with West- Ville.3 net income, £86 ^ patrons, certain Trustees. The tithes were commuted for land under the act of inclosure. The chapel was consecrated in 1818. CARRINGTON, a village, in the parish and union of Basford, hundred of Broxtow, county of Notting- ham, 2| miles (N. W. by N.) from Nottingham j con- taining 853 inhabitants. This village, which is of recent origin, consists partl}^ of handsome villas, occupied by merchants and lace manufacturers, who have ware- houses in Nottingham. . A church was consecrated in 1841. CARROCK, or Cannock, Passage, a chapelry, in the parish of St. Veep, union of Liskeard, hundred of West, E. division of Cornwall, 1 mile (N. E.) from Eowey. The chapel, which was dedicated to St. Can- nock, is now in ruins. CARROW, a hamlet, in the parish of Warden, union of Hexham, N. W. division of Tindale ward, S. division of Northumberland, miles (N. W.) from Hexham. This place is said to have been the Roman station Procolitia, garrisoned by the Cohors Pri- 7na Batavorunij on the line of Severus’ military way 3 vestiges of the works are visible on an elevated situa- tion, where two altars, now in the Durham library, have been found. About half a mile south-westward are traces of a square fort, called Broomdykes. CARSHALTON (^4ll Saints), a parish, and for- merly a market-town, in the union of Epsom, Second division of the hundred of Wallington, E. division of Surrey, 3 miles (W.) from Croydon 3 containing 2228 inhabitants. In Domesday book this place is styled Aulton, signifying Old Town, and it retained that appel- lation until the reign of John, when it was called Kersalton, of which the present name is a variation. The parish comprises 2015a. Ir. 19p. The village is pleasantly situated near Banstead Downs, on a dry and chalky soil : the river Wandle runs through the parish, and, being joined in its course by other streams, forms in the centre of the village a broad sheet of water : a bridge was erected in 1828, which cost £500. The environs are pleasingly diversified, and contain numerous mansions, inhabited principally by London merchants. Carshalton House, a handsome mansion, occupies the site of an ancient edifice, in which Dr. Radcliffe, the munificent benefactor to the University of Oxford, re- sided during the time of the plague, in 1665. Near the churchyard is a fine spring, called Queen Ann Boleyn’s Well 3 it is arched over with stone, and kept in good repair. A calico-printing establishment, formerly carried on, has been discontinued 3 but there are bleaching- grounds, and, on the banks of the river, within the limits of the parish, are several mills for the manufacture of snuff, paper, flocks, and leather, besides three large flour-mills : there are also some 510 lime-kilns. A branch from the Wandsworth and Croy- don railway extends to Hack Bridge, in the parish. The market, granted in the reign of Henry HI., has long been discontinued 3. but a pleasure-fair is held on the 1st and 2nd of July. Carshalton is within the jurisdiction of a court of requests held at Croydon, for the recovery of debts under £5. The LIVING is a vicarage, endowed since 1726 with the rectorial tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £11. 12. 6.3 net income, £600 j patron, John Cator, Esq. The church is an ancient structure of brick, con- taining portions in the early and decorated styles of English architecture 3 the chancel, which is built of flint, appears to be the oldest part. The interior is neat, and contains some interesting monuments to the families of Eellowes and Scawen 3 and there are two brasses, representing Sir Nicholas Gaynesford and his lady, with a group of children : it has recently been repaired, and the galleries enlarged by subscription. A small place of worship for Wesleyans was erected in 1834 3 and a parochial school, and an infants’ school, are supported by subscription. Christopher Muschamp, Esq., in I66O, bequeathed £200, to be invested in land, which now produces £25 per annum, for apprenticing children 3 and in 1726, Edward Eellowes, Esq., gave an annuity of £20, directing that half of it should be ap- propriated to the same purpose, and the remainder given to the poor, for whose benefit there are also some smaller bequests. A bronze figure of Cupid, about three inches and a half in height, and a brass bust of a man, both found in the river, were, in 1794, exhibited to the Society of Antiquaries. The Roman Stane-street passed through the parish. CARSINGTON (St. Margaret), a parish, in the hundred of Wirksworth, S. division of the county of Derby, 2 ^ miles (W. by S.) from Wirksworth 3 contain- ing 235 inhabitants. The village is situated in a valley surrounded by hills, in which are quarries of limestone; and lead-mines 3 and the Peak Forest railway passes through the parish. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 1. 10., and in the; patronage of the Dean of Lincoln : the tithes have been, commuted for £109, and the glebe comprises 46 acres. The church is a small ancient building, without a steeple, and scarcely distinguishable from the cliffs that over- hang it. A school, founded by Mrs. Temperance Gill, in 1726, has an endowment of £60 per annum, arising from land. John Oldfield, an eminent nonconformist divine, was ejected from the benefice of the parish, in 16623 son. Dr. Joshua Oldfield, of some literary celebrity, was born here in 1656. The Rev. Ellis Fame- worth, an able translator from the Italian, was pre- sented, to the rectory in 1762. CARSWELL, a hamlet, in the parish of Bucrland, union of Farringdon, hundred of Ganfield, county of Berks 3 containing 93 inhabitants. CARSWELL, ABBOT’S.— See Kerswell, Ab- bot’s. CARTER-MOOR, a hamlet, in the township of Kirkley, parish of Ponteland, union, and W. division of Castle ward, S. division of Northumberland, 10^ miles (N. W. by N.) from Newcastle-upon-Tyne 3 con- taining 18 inhabitants. This place was formerly a se- parate township, but has been annexed, with Benridge, to the township of Kirkley : it is situated on the south: CART CART side of the Blyth, and near the junction of the Pont with that river. CARTHORPE, a township, in the parish of Bur- NESTON, union of Thirsk, wapentake of Hallikeld, N. riding of York, 4| miles (S. E.) from Bedale 3 con- taining 314 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Kirklington to Burneston, and comprises 2055a. 3r. l9/>. of land : the Marquess of Ailesbury is lord of the manor, and part proprietor of the soil. Camp Hill, a handsome modern mansion, stands on an eminence about half a mile to the south of the village. The tithes have been commuted for £369. 16. 6., of which £201 are payable to the impropriators, and £168. I6. 6. to the vicar of the parish. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. Vestiges of a Roman camp are discernible in the town- ship. CARTINGTON, a township, in the parish and union of Rothbury, W. division of CoauETDALE ward, N. division of Northumberland, 3^ miles (N. W. by N.) from Rothbury 3 containing, with Bankland, 66 inha- bitants. The castle of this place, which is now in ruins, and the surrounding lands, belonged to a branch of the Widdrington family 3 they are now the property of Mr. Beck. The tithes have be-»en commuted for a rent- charge of £5. 2. 2. An almshouse for Roman Catholic widows was founded by Lady Mary Charlton, who en- dowed it with about £6 per annum. CARTMEL {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Ulverstone, hundred of Lonsdale, north of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster, con- taining 4927 inhabitants : the town of Cartmel stands in the townships of Lower Allithwaite and Upper Hol- ker, 14 miles (N. W. by N.) from Lancaster, and 254 (N. N. W.) from London. This place, supposed to have derived its name from the British words Kert, a camp, and meZZ, a fell, or small mountain, according to Camden, was given to St. Cuthbert, in 677^ by Egfrid, King of Northumbria, with all the Britons inhabiting it. In 782, Ethelred, upon his restoration to the throne of that kingdom, allured from their sanctuary at York the sons of Alfwold, who had been advanced to the crown upon his expulsion, and put them to death at this place. In 1188, William Mareschall, Earl of Pembroke, founded a priory for regular canons of the order of St. Augustine, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, and endowed it with all his lands at Kertrnell,” and with other possessions, besides many privileges, among which was the exclusive right of appointing guides to conduct travellers over the extensive sands that bound this parish on the south: the establishment, at the Dissolution, consisted of ten religious, and forty-eight servants, and the revenue was estimated at £212. 11. 10.: the conventual church, which was also parochial, was purchased by the parish- ioners. The TOW'N is situated in a vale surrounded by lofty hills of varied aspect, behind which the vast fells of Coniston rise majestically to the north 3 the houses, with the exception of a row lately erected on the north side of the town, of modern and handsome appearance, are in general built of stone, rough-cast and white- washed : the environs abound with scenery strikingly diversified bv^ richly-wooded eminences and barren hills. The. parish is bounded on the south by the bayof More- carnbe, into which it extends for a considerable distance, and where, at low water, there is a passage over the sands to Bolton : the longer course over the sands is 511 nine miles 3 the shorter, over that part called the Leven sands, is four : guides are usually waiting to conduct over both. Between lake Windermere and the river is Furness Point, separated from Walney Island by a nar- row channel, the entrance of which is defended by the Pile of Fouldrey, built by one of the abbots, on a rock in the sea. The district abounds with rocks of limestone and marble, but very little trade is carried on 3 there are ootton-mills at Upper Holker. The market is on Tuesday 3 the fairs are on Whit-Monday and the Mon- day after Oct. 23rd 3 and cattle-fairs are held on the Wednesday before Easter and November 5th. The LIVING is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the Earl of Burlington, with a net income of £113: the tithes were commuted for land in 1796. The church is a spacious cruciform structure, in the early English style, with a curious tower. After having been suffered to remain in a state of neglect for nearly a century from the dissolution of the priory, during which time the conventual buildings had been removed, it was substan- tially repaired, in 1640, by George Preston, Esq., of Holker. The chancel contains some richly carved stalls and fine tabernacle work 3 on the north side of the altar is the tomb of William de Walton, one of the priors, and on the opposite side is a magnificent altar-tomb with recumbent figures of one of the Harringtons and his lady, supposed to be Sir John Harrington, who ac- companied Edward I. into Scotland, besides many other sepulchral monuments. The free grammar school, built in 1790, in Upper Holker township, is supported by an endowment of £125 per annum, arising from donations and legacies. Dr. Edmund Law, Bishop of Carlisle, whose father was curate of one of the chapels in the parish for forty-nine years, received the rudiments of his education in the school. In a wood in the vicinity, about thirty years ago, 680 Roman coins were dug up, dated from 193 to 253, which are now in the possession of Lord George Cavendish 3 and at Broughton, a coin of the Emperor Adrian was discovered. Three miles to the south of the town is a spring, called Holy Well, the water of which is efficacious in gout, and in nephritic and cutaneous diseases 3 and at Pit Farm, in the parish,, is an intermitting spring. CARTMEL-FELL, a chapelry, in the parish of Cartmel, union of Ulverstone, hundred of Lons- dale, north of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 8 miles (W. S. W.) from Kendal 3 containing 356 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £67 3 patron, Earl of Burlington, as lessee under the Bishop of Chester. The chapel is dedicated to St. Anthony. There is a small school, with an en- dowment of £8 per annum. CARTWORTH, a township, in the parish of Kirk- Burton, union of Huddersfield, Upper division of the wapentake of Agbrigg, W. riding of York, 7:|:niile& (S. by W.) from Huddersfield 3 containing 2247 inhabit- ants. This place, which comprises about 2820 ac^,es,. includes in its township part of the villages of Hinch- liffe-Mill and Holmfirth, and extends upwards of two miles northward from the latter place, along the ro- mantic dale of the Holme stream : much of the land is high moor, inclosed under an act, in 1827. The manu- facture of woollen-cloth is carried on to a considerable extent. The head of a brass Roman spear was dug up in the bog on the moor, in 1820. CASS CAST GARWOOD. — See Sibdon-Carwood. CARY-COATS, a township, in the parish of Thock- RiNGTON, union of Bellingham, N. E. division of Tindale ward, S. division of Northumberland, 12 miles (N.) from Hexham; containing 51 inhabitants. It adjoins the Bavington estate, on the north-west, and was probably at some period the appanage of a younger branch of the ancient house of Shafto : at the close of the last century it was the estate and residence of one of that family. CASHIO, or Cashiobury, a hamlet, in the parish and union of Watford, hundred of Cashio, or liberty of St. Alban’s, county of Hertford, 1^ mile (N. W.) from Watford ; containing, with the hamlet of Leavesden, 1548 inhabitants. In the time of the early Britons this was a place of importance, having been the seat of Cas- sibelaunus, King of the Cassii, from which it derived its name ; the Saxon kings of Mercia also made it their residence, and OfFa included it in the possessions that he gave to the monastery of St. Alban’s, and called it Albaneston, which was again changed by the Normans into Caisho, since converted into Cashio. Edward IV. constituted it a liberty, and it continued annexed to the crown from the period of the Dissolution until James I. granted the whole liberty of the monastery of St. Alban's to Robert Whitmore, Esq., and John Eldred, Gent. CASSINGTON (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Woodstock, hundred of Wootton, county of Ox- ford, 6f miles (N. W.) from Oxford ; containing, with the hamlet of Worton, 381 inhabitants. The manor formerly belonged to the Montacutes, one of whom, in the reign of Henry II., obtained leave to convert the mansion into a castle, of which some remains existed till within the last 50 years, when the materials were used in building the parsonage-house. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £12 ; patrons and appropriators. Dean and Canons of Christ- Church, Oxford. The tithes have been commuted for £210, and the glebe consists of 55 acres. The church, which is in the Norman style, was originally built in the reign of Henry II,, by Geoffrey Clinton, chamberlain to that monarch : the arch supporting the tower, and the groined roof of the chancel, of Norman character, are the chief remains of the ancient building. Ten boys are educated from the produce of an estate bequeathed by Henry Alnutt j from which fund is likewise main- tained an almshouse at Goring Heath, to w^hich two almsmen from this parish are eligible. There are also bequests of bread and fuel to the poor ; the income, which arises from land purchased at various times, is £37. 8. CASSOP, a township, in the parish of Kelloe, S. division of Easington ward, union and N. division of the county of Durham, 4- miles (S. E. by E.) from Durham ; containing 107d inhabitants. This place, anciently called Cazhope, and included within the limits of Queringdonshire, was formerly the residence of the family of Reed, and of that of Busby, and is at present held under the see of Durham. The village lies, with a northern aspect, on a high swell of limestone hills, se- parated from Quarrington on the south by a broad hollow vale, and commanding an extensive prospect of a variegated tract in the north-western direction. The produce of Cassop and Cassop-moor collieries is shipped at Hartlepool. The impropriate tithes have been corn- 512 muted for £104. 18. 8., payable to Christ’s Hospital, Sherburn, and the vicarial for £17- 4. CASTERN, a hamlet, in the parish of Ilam, N. di- vision of the hundred of Totmonslow and of the county of Stafford, 5:| miles (N. W.) from Ashbourn ; contain- ing 45 inhabitants. CASTERTON, a township, in the parish of Kirkby- Lonsdale, union of Kendal, Lonsdale ward, county of Westmorland, 2 miles (N. E.) from Kirkby-Lons- dale ; containing 623 inhabitants. It is supposed to have received its name from an ancient castle, every vestige of which has been removed. A church was erected in 1833. A chapel formerly stood at Chapel- Head Close, near which is a well, called St. Coume’s, probably a contraction of St. Columbe, the tutelar saint of the chapel. CASTERTON, GREAT (St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in the union of Stamford, hundred of East, county of Rutland, miles (N. W. by W.) from Stam- ford; containing 3? 6 inhabitants. This was anciently a Roman station, and several coins and the remains of an encampment have been discovered ; it was subse- quently demolished by the Piets and Scots, who ravaged the island as far as Stamford, whence they were driven back to their own territories by the Saxons under Hengist. Its former name was Brig-Casterton, from a bridge over the Gw^ash, or Wash, here. The barony was held by various lords, until it reverted to the crown in the reign of Henry VIIL, in consequence of its pos- sessor, John, Lord Hussey, being attainted of high trea- son, and beheaded at Lincoln, for joining a commotion raised in Lincolnshire ; it is now the property of the Marquess of Exeter. The parish comprises by measure- ment 2258 acres, of which 2088 are arable and pasture, and 170 woodland. The great road from London to Edinburgh passes through the village 3 and great im- provement has been made by lowering a steep hill and constructing a viaduct, at an expense of £5000. The living is a rectory, with that of Pickworth annexed, valued in the king’s books at £11. 2. 11. ; net income, £6863 patron, the Marquess. The tithes were com- muted for corn-rents, under an act of inclosure, in 1795 3 and the glebe consists of about 64 acres, to which is attached an excellent glebe-house. CASTERTON, LITTLE (^All Saints), a parish, in the union of Stamford, hundred of East, county of Rutland, 2 miles (N. W. by N.) from Stamford 3 con- taining 132 inhabitants. This parish includes the ancient hamlet of Tolethorpe, where was formerly a college of priests or a chantry, refounded, and endowed with ten marks per annum, in the 36th of Edward HI., by Wil- liam de Burton, to whom, in 1413, Edward, Duke of York, granted the lordship. The estate was purchased from his descendant, Thomas de Burton, about 1504, by Christopher Brown, Esq., ancestor of the Countess Dowager of Pomfret, after whose decease, the reversion of the property, together with the advowson of the living, was purchased by the Earl of Burlington. The parish comprises about 1287 acres, which, with the exception of about 2/9 acres, subject to a corn-rent, are tithe-free. The great north road runs about a mile from the village. Good freestone is quarried. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 15. 5. 3 net income, £254 3 patron, Hon. C. C. Cavendish. The tithes were commuted for land and a corn-rent in 1796; CAST CAST the glebe comprises about 53 acres. The church is a small edifice, partly of later Norman architecture, and partly in the early, decorated, and later English styles -y the chancel has been recently rebuilt. A paro- chial school is supported chiefly by endowment, and a small school is partly maintained by the rector. At the western extremity of the parish, but now filled up by the formation of a new road, was a deep fosse, part of the Roman camp at Great Casterton 3 and not far from the manor-house at Tolethorpe, is a spring of carbonated chalybeate water, without any mixture of sulphuric acid, similar to the water of Tonbridge Wells, but less powerful. CASTHORPE, a hamlet, in the parish of Barrowby, union of Grantham, wapentake of Winnibriggs and Threo, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln 3 con- taining 51 inhabitants. CASTLE- ACRE (^t. James), a parish, in the union and hundred of Freebridge-Lynn, W. division of Norfolk, 4 miles (N.) from SwafFham 3 containing 1495 inhabitants. This place, called Acre at the time of the Domesday survey, is noted chiefly for the remains of its ancient castle and priory, from the former of which it takes the prefix to its name 3 and it appears, from the vestiges of a Roman r6ad leading from Thet- ford to Brancaster, the discovery of a tessellated pave- ment, and, lately, of several coins (aniong which were some of Vespasian and Constantine), to have been a Roman station, on the site of which the castle was probably erected. This fortress was built by William Warren, first Earl of Surrey, to whom the manor, with 149 others, was given by the Conqueror, and who made it the head of all his lordships 3 it was probably en- larged by his descendant, who, in 1297, entertained Edward I. as his guest. The parish comprises 3249 acres, of which about 2639 acres are arable, 461 meadow and pasture, 13 wood, and 79 common 3 the land is in general rich, and the surface boldly undulated. The village consists of two good streets, on the north bank of the river Nar. Fairs for toys and pedlery are held on St. James’ s-day and August 5th 3 and petty-sessions are held once a fortnight. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 6. 8. 3 patron and impropriator, the Earl of Leicester : the great tithes have been commuted for £610, and the vicarial for £168, and the glebe comprises 3| acres. The church, situated on the crown of the acclivity above the priory, is a spacious and ancient structure, in the decorated and later English styles, with a lofty square embattled tower, and exhibits, in many of its details, fine speci- mens of ancient architecture 3 the font, which is said to have been removed from the ancient priory, is sur- mounted by a beautiful piece of tabernacle work. There are places of worship for Baptists, Primitive Methodists, and Wesley ans 3 and a national school for 200 children was built in 1839, and is supported by subscription. Sufficient remains exist to indicate the extent of the castle, which, with its appendages, comprises an area of more than eighteen acres, surrounded by an embattled wall seven feet in thickness, and strengthened by three lofty buttresses built over the broad and deep moat by which the castle was surrounded : the buildings were of a circular form, and erected on the slope of a gentle eminence. To the east of the castle are the ruins of the priory, established by Earl Warren, in 1085, for monks VoL. I.— 513 of the Cluniac order, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, and. subordinate to a similar establishment, by the same founder, at Lewes, in the county of Sussex, in the 24th of Edward I. The revenues, which had become very considerable by successive augmentations, were seized under pretence of its being an alien priory, but were subsequently restored 3 and in the reign of Edward II., it was secured against further molestation by a royal order, as coming within the class of indigenous establish- ments : its revenue, at the Dissolution, was £324. I7. b., and, with the site, was granted to Thomas, Duke of Norfolk 3 it is now the property of the Earl of Leicester. The priory church was a spacious cruciform structure, with two towers at the west end, and a massive central tower 3 the greater portion of the west front is still re- maining, and, with the exception of a large window of later insertion over the entrance, is an elegant specimen of the most enriched style of Norman architecture. The cohventual buildings are at present a farm-house and offices : a large room, called the prior's dining-room, and now a granary, has a fine oriel window. On making excavations within the walls of the chapter-house, in 1841, were found some beautifully embossed tiles, with heraldic devices, and some bulls of the Popes Honorius and Innocent. CASTLE-ASHBY, county of Northampton. — See ASHBY, CASTLE . — And other places having a similar distinguishing prefix will he found under the proper name, CASTLE-CAMPS {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Linton, hundred of Chilford, county of Cambridge, 5^ miles (S. E. by E.) from Linton ; con- taining 854 inhabitants. This place was formerly the seat of the Veres, earls of Oxford, one of whom received it by grant from Henry I., as lord high chamberlain of England 3 the site of their once magnificent castle is now occupied by a farm-house, but the moat and some slight vestiges are still visible. The estate was subse- quently purchased by Thomas Sutton, the founder of the Charter-house in London, who made it a portion of the endowment of that institution. The parish, which is situated near the road from Cambridge to Colchester, comprises by computation 2800 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £l6. 4. 2., and in the gift of the Governors of the Charter-house : the tithes have been commuted for £630, and the glebe comprises 71 acres. The church is a handsome struc- ture, in the later English style. There is a place of worship for Baptists. A school for girls is supported by Benjamin Keene, Esq. 3 and the rector contributes to the maintenance of another. A national school for boys is supported by donations. CASTLE- CARROCK (St, Peter), a parish, in the union of Brampton, Eskdale ward, E. division of Cumberland, 4 § miles (S. by E.) from Brampton 3 containing 351 inhabitants. The parish comprises about 5500 acres, the soil of which on the west is dry, gravelly, and very stony 3 and on the east, which is rugged and mountainous, good for grazing, resting on extensive beds of limestone and freestone. It is bounded on the east and north by the small river Gelt, which rises in the royal forest of Geltsdale, a hilly tract of moorland, forming the south-eastern part of it, and held on lease by the Earl of Carlisle. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 12. 11. 3 net income, £159; patrons. Dean and Chapter of Carlisle. 3 U CAST C A ST The tithes were commuted for land, in 1801. The church is a neat structure, rebuilt of freestone in 1828. The former edifice is supposed to have been built out of the ruins of an ancient castle that stood within an in- trenchment near the village, the lines of which are dis- tinctly visible : there is another intrench ment at a short distance. On the inclosure, an allotment of twenty acres, producing about £12 per annum, was assigned for the endowment of a school, now conducted on the national system. Upon the summit of a long and lofty fell, forming the northern point of the range of moun- tains extending from Crossfelb near Alston, are two cairns, one of which, called Hespeckraise, is of consider- able magnitude j and on the removal of another cairn near Gelt Bridge, about 1775, a human skeleton was discovered in a species of coffin made of rude stones. Near the church is a mineral spring, the water of which is of the same quality as that of the Gilsland Spa. CASTLE-CARY {All Saints), a market-town and parish, in the union of Wincanton, hundred of Cat- sash, E. division of Somerset, 11 miles (E. N. E.) from Somerton, and 113 (W. S. W.) from London - containing, with the hamlets of Clanville, Cockhill, and Dimmer, 1942 inhabitants. This place probably derived its name from an ancient castle, originally belonging to a lord of the name of Carey, which was defended against King Stephen by its owner, Lord Lovell, one of whose de- scendants having embraced the cause of the deposed monarch, Richard II., it became forfeited to the crown : the site is still called the Camp, and weapons of iron have been found in it occasionally : the only remains are some slight traces of the intrencliments. Charles II., after the battle of Worcester, took refuge in the manor-house. The town is pleasantly situated, and consists of two parts, extending together nearly a mile : the houses are neatly built and amply supplied witK water j the air is salubrious, and the environs abound with pleasing scenery. The market, which is on every alternate Tuesday, is well attended, and supplied with sheep and cattle of all kinds, from October till the spring fairs, which are on the Tuesday before Palm- Sunday, May 1st, and Whit-Tuesday •, besides which, a fair is held on the first Tuesday after the 19th of Sep- tember, for cattle, broad- cloth, and other merchandise. The parish comprises by admeasurement 2572 acres. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £11. 16. 3. 5 patron. Bishop of Bath and Wells; impropriator. Sir IT. R. Hoare, Bart. The great tithes have been commuted for £301. 10., and the vicarial for £378 ; the impropriate glebe consists of 65 acres, and the vicarial of 10 acres. The church is a handsome structure, occupying an elevated situation ; the arch- deacon holds his visitations in it. There are places of worship for Independents and Wesley ans. CASTLE-CHURCH {St. Lawrence), a parish, in the E. division of the hundred of Cuttlestone, union,, and S. division of the county, of Stafford, 1 mile (S. W.) from Stafford ; containing, with the townships of Forebridge and Rickerscote, 1484 inhabitants. It derives its name from the ancient baronial castle of Stafford, to which its church was originally an append- age, and comprehends a portion of the town of Stafford. The Grand Junction railway passes through the parish. The living is a perpetual curacy, with a net income of. £120 ; it is in the patronage of the Crown, and Lord 514 Stafford and others are impropriators. Near the town, is a' Roman Catholic chapel,, built,. in 1822;, by the late Edward Jerningham, Esq. 3 it is a small, but elegant, structure, containing seventeen of the old stalls taken from Lichfield cathedral, and has a noble organ. There are national; and; infants’ schools, aided; by private charity ; and adjoining the Roman Catholic chapel is a school,, supported by Lord Stafford. CASTLE-COMBE {St.. Andrew) y ai parish, in the union and hundred of Chippenham, Chippenham, and Caine, and N. divisions of Wilts, 6J miles (N. W. by W.) from Chippenham; containing 600 inhabitants. The village, which is very considerable, was anciently cele- brated for a castle, built in the early part of the thirteenth century, by Walter de Dunstanville, son-in- law of Reginald,- Earl of Cornwall, which was dismantled before the close of the fourteenth ; it stood on ai hill north of the village, where the remains of its intrench- ments are still discernible. A market was obtained by Bartholomew, Lord Badlesmere, which has been dis- continued ; but the market-cross remains in the centre of the village. The living is a rectory, valued in the. king’s books at £9 ; patron, William Scroop, Esq. The church appears to be of very ancient date, and con- sists of a nave, north and south, aisles, and a chance^ with a tower at the west end, about, eighty feet high, supported by angular buttresses with pinnacles. A na- tional school has been established. CASTLE-DYKINGS, an extra-parochial place, ex- tending into the parishes of St. Mary. Magdalen and St. Paul-in-the-Bail, wapentake of Lawress, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln ; containing 139 inha- bitants. CASTLE-EATON {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Highworth and Swindon, hundred of Highworth, Cricklade, and Staple, Cricklade and N. divisions of Wilts, 3| miles (S. by E.) from Fairford ; containing 312 inhabitants.- The parish is bounded by the river Isis. Some vestiges of the ancient castle from which it takes its name, may still be traced, whereof the chief is the moat by which it was surrounded. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19, aud in the patronage of the family of Goddard : the tithes have been commuted for £667, and the glebe comprises 79^ acres, to which there is a glebe-house. A national school was erected in 1839. CASTLE-MORTON {St. Gregory), a parish, in the union of Upton-upon- Severn, Lower division of the hundred of Pershore, Upton and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, 5 miles (W. S. W.) from Upton; containing 855 inhabitants. The living is a discharged perpetual curacy, annexed to the vicarage of Longdon, and valued in the king’s books at £5.. 8. 6§. The great tithes are appropriate to the Dean, and Chapter of West- minster, and have been commuted for £350, and the small tithes for £155; the glebe consists of 3 acres. The church is a very ancient structure, with a fine old tower and steeple : opposite to it is an artificial mound fifty feet high, surrounded by a moat, and supposed to have been thrown up to protect the church during the civil war in the reign of Charles I. There are charit- able bequests for the poor, amounting to about £30 per annum. CASTLE-NORTHWICH, a township, in the parish of Great Budworth, union of Northwich, Second CAST CAST division of the hundred of Kddisbury, S. division of the which 10 G 8 acres are arable, 865 meadow and pasture^ county of Chester 5 containing 746 inhabitants. und 223 woodland 5 the soil is of a. sandy and clayey CASTLE-RISING {St, nature. A trout stream runs through the parish, called Lawrence) y a parish, and the Rising river. The living is a discharged rectory, formerly a borough and with that of Roydon consolidated, valued in the king’s market -town, in the union books at £85 patron, F. G. Howard, Esq. The tithes and hundred of Free- have been commuted for £320, and the glebe comprises bridge-Lynn, W. division 23 acres, to which is attached a glebe-house. The church of Norfolk, 4 miles (N. E.) is an ancient structure, with a square tower rising from Lynn, and 102 (N. by from the line of union between the nave and chancel * E.) from London j contain- it exhibits fine specimens of the Norman style, and has ing 358 inhabitants. Prior an eastern window in the decorated English style j the to the year II 76 , a castle entrance is enriched with varied. mouldings, and on each was built here by William side of the large window above it are series of intersect- DAlbini, the first Earl of ing arches ; the font is very ancient and highly orna- Sussex, on a hill to the south of the town, and, accord- mented. A natipnal school is supported chiefly by the ing to the author of the Munimenta Antiquay on the family of Howard 3 and near the church is an hospital, site of one of King Alfred’s great castles, of which some containing thirteen apartments, a large hall, and a arches, included within the subsequent huildings, are chapel, built in 16 I 3 , by Henry Howard, Earl of Norths supposed to be remains. In this castle, Isabel of France, ampton, who endowed it with a rent-charge of £100 for queen of Edward II., after the death of Mortimer, was twelve aged women and a governess. To the west of the detained in confinement, from the year 1330, until her castle is a square mount, one acre in extent, and to the decease, in 1368. It passed from the family of Albini east of it a circular mount surrounded by a ditch ; the to the barons of Montalt, the last of whom died without former is by some supposed to have been a Roman issue, when his widow surrendered the lordship for camp, though by others both are thought to have been £400 per annum, to Queen Isabella, at that time regent, thrown up by the people of Lynn, when they besieged who was visited here, in 1340, by her son, Edward HI., the castle, and compelled the Earl of Arundel to re- and his queen. Edward HI., on the death of his mother, linquish his claim to one-third of the customs of their settled Castle-Rising on his son Edward 3 it afterwards port. There are some chalybeate springs in the parish, passed to the Howards, dukes of Norfolk, and subse- CASTLE-THORPE {St. Simon and St. Jude), a quently to thp Berkshire branch, who, in 1745, sue- parish, in the union of Newport-Pagnell, hundred of ceeded to the title of Earl of Suffolk 3 it came to the Newport, county of Buckingham, 3 miles (N. N. E.) present proprietor by marriage. The principal remains from Stony-Stratford 3 containing .365 inhabitants. This are the shell of the keep, a square tower, the walls of place derives its name from the ancient castle of the which are three yards in thickness, with some orna- barony of Hanslope, the site of which exhibits traces of mented doorways and windows in the Norman style of very extensive buildings : it was taken and demolished, architecture, though greatly dilapidated 3 the site of the in 1217 , by Fuike de Brent, when it was garrisoned by great hall, and some vestiges of the state apartments, its owner, William Manduit, one of the barons who were may be traced 3 the principal entrance is over a ruined in arms against HenryTII. The London and Birming- bridge of one circular arch, defended by a tower gate- ham railway passes within a short distance. The ws-y* living is annexed to the vicarage of Hanslope. Thomas This was once a considerable sea-port, inferior only to Tyrell, one of the judges in the court of common pleas those of Lynn and Yarmouth, in this county 3 but the in the reign of Charles IL, resided here, and was in- harbour becoming choked up with sand, its trade de- terred in the chancel of the church, where a handsome dined, and from the consequent decrease of its popula- monument was erected by his widow, tion, the market, which was held twice a week, has been CASTEE-THORPE, a township, in the parish of discontinued for many years ; the vicinity was for- Broughton, union of Glandford-Brigg, E. division merly subject to inundations of the sea, to prevent of the wapentake of Manley, parts of Lindsey, county which an. embankment has been constructed, and is of Lincoln ; containing 346 inhabitants, kept in an effective state. The government was origi- CASTLEFORD {All a parish, in the Upper nally vested in a mayor, twelve aldermen, and an division of the wapentake of Osgoldcross, W. riding indefinite number of burgesses, aided by a recorder, of York 3 containing 1850 inhabitants, of whom 1414 high steward, &c. 3 but the corporation has gradually are in the township of Castleford, 3 miles (N. W.) from fallen into decay. Of the rank which the place held^ Pontefract. This place is by some writers supposed as an ancient borough, it still retains a memorial, in the to have been the site of the Roman station Legio- precedence given to the name of the mayor in the Imm, or Lagetium, described in Antonine’s Itinerary commission of the peace for the county. The elective as being situated on the river Aire, where it was franchise was conferred in the last year of the reign crossed by a ford, on the line of the ancient Herman- of Philip and Mary, from which time the borough street which passes between Doncaster and York : returned two members to parliament, till disfranchised various Roman antiquities have been frequently dis- by the 2nd of William IV., cap. 45 : the right of election covered, among which was a scaroe denarius Cara- was vested in the free burgesses, the number of whom calla, with a lion on the reverse. It is related, that the had been reduced to two or three 3 and the mayor was citizens of York, being pursued by Ethelred’s array, in returning officer. The parish is situated on the road 750, turned at this place, and eommitted great slaughter from Lynn to Wells, and comprises 2096a. 2r. 2 Ip., of on their pursuers. After the Norman Conquest, the 515 3U2 CAST CAST parish was given to Ilbert de Laci, the heiress of whose family conveyed it by marriage, with the whole honour of Pontefract, to John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster. The village is situated on the south bank of the river Aire, at a short distance from its junction with the Calder, the latter of which, in 1698, was made navigable to Wakefield, and the Aire to Leeds. The united rivers are crossed by a handsome stone bridge of three arches, which was rebuilt in 1808, and connects Castleford with the village of Allerton-By water on the north side of the river. The parish comprises the townships of Castleford and Glass-Houghton, and contains 1534a. 2r. 18p., of which 617. acres are in the township of Castleford 5 300 of these are arable, and 213 meadow and pasture. The township of Glass-Houghton is cele- brated for its building-lime, and for its abundance of fine sand, used by iron-founders and glass-manufac- turers, the latter of whom having, as is supposed, formerly had a manufactory here, caused the prefix to be given to the name of the township. The neighbour- hood shares a considerable traffic, being, through the junction of the two rivers, an important station in the chain of inland navigation, extending from the Ouse and Humber to nearly all the parts of Yorkshire west of Castleford, and Lancashire j it is also an intermediate station for the York and North-Midland railway. There is a dock-yard for building sloops, and a dry-dock for repairs ; many owners of small craft reside here 5 and among the manufactories and branches of trade, are a timber-yard, oil and corn-mills, several granaries, a pottery of black and stone-ware, a whiting-mill, and glass- bottle works. A court leet, baron, and view of frankpledge, is held in May and October. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £20. 13. 1^., and in the patronage of the Crown, in right of the duchy of Lancaster 3 net income, £555 : the tithes were com- muted for corn-rents, under an inclosure act, in 1816. The church is thought to stand on part of the Roman camp above mentioned^ it is a cruciform structure, with a tower rising at the intersection. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans in each of the townships. Three schools, in connexion with the National Society, are supported by subscription 5 one is an infants’ school j a residence for the master was built in 1843. CASTLETON (St, Edmund), a parish, in the union of Chapel-en-le-Frith, hundred of High Peak, N. division of the county of Derby, 4^ miles (N.) from Ti deswell 5 containing 1500 inhabitants, of whom 941 are in the township of Castleton. This parish consists of the townships of Castleton and Edale, the former of which is said to have taken its name from a castle built by William Peverell, natural son of the Conqueror, which, from its situation upon a steep and high peak, was called the Castle of the Peak, or Peak Castle 3 but from various records it appears that a castle existed previously, supposed to have been erected by Edward the Elder, or his heroic sister Ethelfleda, and which, in the reign of Edward the Confessor, was the property of Earl Gundeburne. The castle remained with th^ Peve- rells until the attainder of the third William, when it was granted by Henry II. to his son John, Earl of Montaigne, afterwards King John 3 and during the ab- sence of his brother, Richard I., Hugh Nonant, Bishop of Coventry, held it. In 1204, King John appointed Hugh Neville governor 3 but the disaffected barons 516 seized it and kept possession until the reign of Henry HI., from which period it had various occupiers, until settled by Edward HI. upon his son, the Earl of Rich- mond, commonly called John of Gaunt, who was created Duke of Lancaster, in 1362, when the castle became part of the duchy of Lancaster. The Duke of Devonshire now possesses it, as lessee under the crown. The ex- tent of the ruins evinces the former magnitude of the building 3 the castle yard, the walls of which are in some places twenty feet high and nine feet thick, oc- cupying almost the entire summit of the hill 3 the keep, consisting of two stories, almost entire, and standing at the south-western point of this high and precipitous limestone rock, towering above the mouth of the great cavern of the Peak, is fifty feet in height, the whole being nearly isolated, and only to be approached with difficulty from the north. The PARISH, exclusively of Edale, comprises about 2900 acres, exhibiting a very hilly surface, and several varieties of soil : the township of Castleton occupies the western extremity of the large and deep valley which commences at Mam Tor, and runs eastward to join the valley of the Derw^ent. The great limestone district of Derbyshire has its northern termination at Castleton, the hills to the north being upon gritstone, and those to the south on limestone : the soil on the south side is very superior. The village, which is situated at the foot of the Castle-hill, was fortified by a rampart, whereof the ditch is still visible, extending from the ravines at the base of the rock, to the outworks connected with the castle. The inhabitants principally derive their support from the mining district by which it is sur- rounded. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 7. 6.3 net income, £1863 patron and appropriator. Bishop of Chester. The great tithes have been commuted for £100, and the vicarial for £50 : the appropriate glebe consists of 87^ acres, and the vicarial of 22 acres. The church is a small ancient edifice : the arch, with its mouldings entire, separating the nave from the chancel, is a fine specimen of early English architecture : the pews are of oak curiously carved 3 but the exterior has been greatly modernised. There is a place of worship for Wesley- ans 3 and a school has been endowed with about £23 per annum, arising from land, by Richard Bagshaw and others. The whole of the district abounds with greater natu- ral CURIOSITIES than almost any other portion of the empire. Immediately under the walls of the castle is Peak Cavern, or the Devil’s Cave, a succession of vast and magnificent excavations, formed in the interior of a stupendous rock. The approach to it is by the side of a clear stream, flowing from limestone rocks, that here rise to the height of 260 feet on each side, and form the entrance to the cave, which is in a dark and gloomy recess, consisting of a tolerably well-formed arch, 46 feet high and 120 feet wide, and exhibiting a chequered diversity of coloured stones, from which a fluid that soon petrifies is continually dropping. Immediately within the arch is a cavern of nearly the same extent, and in depth about 90 feet, where some twine-makers have established a manufactory. Here the light disappears, and the rest of the cavern must be explored by the aid of a torch. The arch leading to the next chamber is narrow and low, until arriving at a spacious opening. CAST CAST called the Bell-house : at the end is a stream of water 4*'2 feet broad, over which it is necessary that visiters should be ferried. On landing, another vast vault, ^00 feet square and 140 feet high, presents itself 5 at the end of which is another stream generally crossed on foot : here the passage leads to what is termed Roger Rain’s House, a projecting pile of rocks on which water is in- cessantly dropping. The next excavation is called the Chancel, which leads to what has been denominated the Devil’s Cellar, and then follow numerous other immense cavities, that have received various appellations 5 such as Half-way House, Great Tom of Lincoln, &c. 5 the whole extending 2300 feet from the entrance, and supposed to be 645 feet in depth from the summit of the mountain. About a mile from this is the Speedwell mine, situated at the foot of what is called the Winnets,” from the gusts of wind that constantly prevail here, in conse- quence of the formation of this mountainous range : the mine was formerly worked for lead. The descent is by about 100 steps, beneath an arched vault, leading to the sough, or level, where a boat conveys the explorer over a very broad stream, bounded by an immense gulf, the depth of which has never been accurately ascertained, though sounded by a line of 350 feet j and above, the roof of the cavern is invisible, even with the aid of rockets and Bengal lights. The rushing of the superfluous water through an artificial gate into this profound chasm, which has already swallowed more than 40,000 tons of rubbish, arising from the blasting of the rocks, without the least apparent diminution of its depth, produces an appalling effect. A little further west is the Odin lead- mine, said to have been worked by the Saxons, who honoured it with the name of one of their deities, and, than which, although it has been in operation for so many centuries, few mines in the county are more pro- ductive. At some distance beyond this, raising its majestic head 1300 feet above the vale of Castleton, is the Mam Tor, or Mother-hill, having also received the name of the Shivering Mountain, from the fragments of shale and gritstone almost continually falling from its south side, and which have formed an elevated mount in the valley, called Little Mam Tor. On its summit are the remains of a camp, supposed to be Saxon, with the greater part of the rampart entire 5 and on the south-west side are two barrows, in one of which, when opened a few years since, were found a brass celt and fragments of an unbaked urn. Near this mountain is the Water Hull Mine, where is procured the beautiful and peculiar fluor spar, the most esteemed of which are the violet-blue and rose-coloured, which are worked into elegant vases, urns, &c. : here is also found, between the schistus and limestone, a species of elastic bitumen, that burns with a bright flame 5 another variety, less elastic, is formed of filaments, and is called wood bitu- men. About half a mile midway in this mountainous ravine, which exhibits in many places proofs of volcanic origin, is a place called the Cove, where large masses of basaltic rocks are conspicuous, in which are imbedded quartz, crystals, &c. Such an assemblage of natural curiosities renders the neighbourhood of Castleton very attractive to visiters, being one of the most interesting districts in the kingdom. CASTLETON (St. Mary Magdalene), a parish, in the union and hundred of Sherborne, Sherborne division of the county of Dorset, 1 mile (E. N. E.) 517 from Sherborne ; containing 113 inhabitants. It com- prises 50 acres, chiefly pasture, and lies contiguous to the park and residence of Earl Digby, lord lieutenant of the county. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net in- come, £81 3 patron, Earl Digby. CASTLETON, a township, in the parish and union of Rochdale, hundred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 2 miles (S. E. by S.) from Roch- dale 3 containing 14,279 inhabitants, many of whom are employed in the woollen and cotton manufactures. This place derives its name from an ancient castle, one of the twelve Saxon castles in the county, the keep of which still remains. Part of Rochdale is situated within the township, where are cisterns for supplying that town with water, and gas-works for lighting it. Two schools are supported by endowment, and there are also nume- rous Sunday schools. CASTLETON, a hamlet, in the parish of Marsh- field, union of Newport, Upper division of the hun- dred of Wentlloog, county of Monmouth, 4^ miles (S. W.) from Newport. Here anciently stood a castle, occupied, if not built, by the Normans, to protect their conquest of Wentlloog : the only remains are some small ruins of the citadel, and the chapel, converted into a barn : near the site is a barrow. On the level summit of an adjoining hill is a circular encampment, called Pen-y-Park-Newydd. CASTLE-VIEW, an extra-parochial liberty, in the union, and adjoining the borough of Leicester, hun- dred of Guthlaxton, S. division of the county of Lei- cester 5 containing 120 inhabitants. CASTLEY, a township, in the parish of Leathley, Upper division of the wapentake of Claro, W. riding of York, 4^ miles (E. by N.) from Otley 3 containing 110 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 480 acres, and is bounded on the south, and partly on the east and west, by the river Wharfe. CASTON (Holy Cross), a parish, in the union and hundred of Wayland, W. division of Norfolk, 3 ^ miles (S. E.) from Watt on 3 containing 513 inhabitants, and comprising about 1600 acres. The living is a rec- tory, united with those of Rockland All Saints and St. Andrew, and valued in the king’s books at £ 11 . 19 . 2 . : the glebe comprises 59 acres, with a house. The church is a spacious edifice in the decorated and later English styles, with a square tower 3 the interior contains a monument of the founder, supposed to be one of the Castons. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. At the inclosure, in 1813, 2 | acres were allotted to the poor, and 25 acres to the occupiers of 34 cottages, having common rights. CASTOR, county of Lincoln. — See Caistor. CASTOR (St. Keneburgha), a parish, in the union and soke of Peterborough, N. division of the county of Northampton, 4^ miles (W.) from Peterborough 3 containing 1313 inhabitants. This village, and the op- posite one of Chesterton, occupy the site of the Roman station Durobrivee, by the Saxons called Dormancester 3 and a great quantity of coins, from Trajan to Valens, fragments of urns, tiles, &c., have been discovered. The Roman Errnin-street commenced here, and, pro- ceeding some distance, branched off into two divisions, the remains of which are still visible, one leading to Stamford, and the other, by Lolham-Bridges, through West Deeping, into Lincolnshire. Lady Keneburgha' s CATC C A T F way is supposed to ha\^e been un ancient paved wa>y from a fortress on tbe.Nene, which runs through the parish, to a castle on the hill, where the Roman governor resided : the place was destroyed by the Danes. The parish comprises about 3600 acres, and is considerably diversified in its surface, some parts being :flat, and others very much elevated. The living is la rectory, valued in the king’s books at £52. 12. 8|., and for- merly held in commendam with the .see of Peterborough. The church, dedicated in 1124 to St. Keneburgha, who founded a nunnery here, is a spacious cruciform edifice, with a beautiful Norman tower of two stages, rising from the intersection, and surmounted by a spire. There are chapels of ease at Sutton and Upton, in the parish ; and a school is supported by subscription. John Landen, an eminent mathematician, was born here in 1719 . CASWELL, a tything, in the parish of Portbury, union of Bejdminster, hundred of Portbury, E. divi- sion of Somerset j containing 74 inhabitants. CATCHBURN, a township, in the parish and union of Morpeth, E. division of Castle ward, S. division of Northumberband, 14 mile (S. by E.) from Mor- peth j containing, with Morpeth Castle, Park- House, and Stobhill, 145 inhabitants. At this place, which is situated on the east of the great road, Roger de Merlay, the second, built an hospital dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene, probably for the use of wayfaring people, and which is mentioned in a deed of the year 1282: an inquest taken after the. death of Ralph, Lord Grey- stock, in the 17 th of Edward II., enumerates its ad vow- son among his possessions 3 and John, Lord Greystock, in 1346, ordained by will that it should be given, with all its. goods -and ornaments, to a chaplain. There are no remains. CATCHERSIDE, a township, in the parish of Kirk- Whelptngton, union of Bellingham, N. E. division of Tinbale ward, S. division of Northumberland, 15 miles (W.) from Morpeth 3 containing 12 inhabitants. This .place, anciently written Calcherside, has been the property of the Fenwicks, Blacketts, and Trevelyans , 3 and, though now still and lonely, appears to have been once of some little importance 3 and tradition says that there was a mill here : the Scotch street” ran through the place 3 and in the last century it had an ale-house where carriers stopped, and where villagers assembled for rural sports. It is situated about two miles north of Kirk-Whelpington : some slight* remains of the ham- let exist. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for £ 1 . 2 . 4., and the impropriate for IO 5 . On Camp Hill were traces of a British camp, which were removed ,a few years since. CATCLIFFE^ a township, in the parish and union of Rotherham, S. division of the wapentake of Straf- forth and Tickhill, W. riding of York, 3 miles (S.) from Rotherham ; containing 252 inhabitants. This place comprises by computation 930 acres : the village is on a gentle eminence above the river Rother, on its western side. Here is a manufactory for glass, esta- blished about the year 1780. Jn 1702 George Beardsall devised £10 per annum for teaching poor children. CATCOMB, a tything, in the parish of Hillmarton, union of Calne, hundred of Kingsbridge, Chippen- ham and Caine, and N. divisions of Wilts 3 containing 68 inhabitants. 518 CATCOTT, a chapelry, in the parish of Moorlingh, union of Bridgwater, hundred of Whitley, W. divi- sion of Somerset, 7 miles (E. N. E.) from Bridgwater. 5 containing 750 inhabitants. This place is situated on the north side of the Polden hills, within two miles of the Glastonbury and Bridgwater canal : very fine blue lias for building is c^uarried. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of Aldborough Henniker, Esq. : the chapel is a plain edifice, in the later English styl^, and has a very fine old font. There is u place of worship for dissenters. A national schoolroom has recently been erected, and a bequest of £20 per annum is distri- buted among poor widows. CATEBY, county of York. — 'S ee Cadeby. CATERHAM, or Katerham (St. Lawrmnce), a -pa.- rish, in the union of Godstone, Second division, of the hundred of Tandridge, E. division of Surrey, miles (N. by W.) from Godstone 3 containing 477 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the road from Croydon to Godstone, and intersected by the London and Brighton railway, and comprises by admeasurement 2386 acres, of which 1462 are arable, 269 meadow and pasture, 175 woodland, and 468 unin closed common : the sur- face is hilly, and the soil has several varieties, consisting of chalk, clay, and black mould. Builddng-stone is quarried extensivel}^ A fair for toys is held in July. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 8 . 0 . 14.5 patron and incumbent. Rev. James Xegrew, whose tithes have been commuted for £400, and who has a glebe of 5 acres. The church was repaired in 1832, and a beautiful monument erected on the north side of the chancel to the memory of Mrs. Elizabeth Legrew. Two schools are supported by subscription. There is an encampment on the top of Whitehill, called the Cardinal’s Cap, said to have been formed by the ancient Britons. CATESBY (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of D;AVentry, hundred of Fawsle^, S. division of the county of Northampton, 3f miles (S. W. by W.) from Daventry 3 containing, with the hamlet of Newbold- Grounds, L05 inhabitants. Situated on the border of Warwickshire, from which the parish is separated by the river Learn, that bounds it partly on the north, wTst, and south, it presents some pleasing scenery, and con- sists of 1967 acres. Catesby House is the seat of the family of that name, of whom one was beheaded after the death of his master, Richard HI., and another suf- fered for being concerned in the gunpow^der plot in the reign of James I. The mansion occupies the site of an ancient priory, founded in the reign of Richard I. by Robert deEsseby, for nuns of the Benedictine order, and dedicated to St. Mary and St. Edmund : its revenue, at the Dissolution, was estimated at £145. The dormitory is still carefully preserved in its original style. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10 3 patrons, X. and M. Scrafton, Esqrs., who appoint with- out episcopal institution. The church is in ruins, and the parochial duty is performed at Catesby House. The Rev. John Parkhurst, the celebrated lexicographer, was born here. CATFIELD (Jll Saints), a parish, in the hundred of Happing, E. division of Norfolk, 3 miles (S. by E.) from Stalham 3 containing 655 inhabitants. It is bounded on the west by the river Ant, and comprises by admeasurement 2380 acres, of wLich about 1500 are C A T H CATO arable, 500 pasture, meadow, and marsb, and 300 water, forming' a lake. THe living consists of a discharged rectory and* vicarage^ valued in the king’s books at' £7. 10.^ and in the gift alternately of the Bishop* of- jfbrwiek and G. Cubitt, Esq.: the tithes have been commuted for £600, and the glebe comprises abbut^ 20 aeres> to which there is a glebe-house. The church is in the later style, and consists of a nave") a handsome chancel, and side aisles, with a square embattled tower ; the nave is separated from the chancel by a carved^ screen, and on the floor is the lid of a coffin, eurioisisl'y sculptured, removed, from Hickling Priory in 1826; Several large paintings in fresco, of the Romish sacra- ments, martyrs, and other subjects> have lately been dis^ covered in the nave, by removing the plaster-work from the upper part of the walls. The Primitive^ Methodists have a place of worship. At the inclosure, in 1802, 60 acres of heath were allotted to the poor for fuel and pasturage, and there are also 4 acres, producing a sum of £8 per annum, which is applied to the distribution of coal. Cowper, the poet, spent much of his time at the rectory-house, on visits to his uncle, who was in- cumbent. CATFOSS, a township, in the parish of Siggles- THORNE, union of Skirlaxjgh, N. division of the wapentake of Holoerness, E. riding of York, miles (N. E. by E.) from Beverley 5 containing 45 inhabitants. This place, in Domesday book Catefoss, derives its name; of British origin, from coit,” a wood, and foss,” a' dyke. Ab an early period it belonged to the family of de Faueonberg, and came by marriage, in the reign of EdwardTIL, to the Constables, from whom it has> de- scended to the Bethell family. The township comprises about 1053 ‘ acres of land. Catfoss House, built early in the 17th century, was pulled down about thirty years since. CATH ANGER, with Stowey, a tything, in the parish of Fivehead, union of Langport, hundred of Abdick and Bulstone, W. division of Somerset 3 containing 20 inhabitants. CATHERINE, ST., a parish, in the union of Bath, hundred of Bath-Forum, E. division of S6merset, 4 miles (N. N. E.) ftom Bath 5 containing 159 inhabit- ants. This place is situated in a retired valley, enriched with much picturesque scenery, and comprises by com- putation 1000 acres. Catherine Court, adjoining the church, was the residence of the abbots of Bath till the dissolution of monasteries, when the manor was granted by Henry VIII. to the Harringtons. A paper-^mill is in operation, giving employment to a few hands. The living is a perpetual curacy, annexed to the vicarage of^ Bath-Easton : the tithes- have been commuted for £96, of which £50 are payable to the incumbent, £31 to the impropriator, and £15 to the Dean and Chapter of Christ-Church, Oxford. In the chancel is a handsome monument to the memory* of some of the Blanchard family. Cx\THERINGTDN (St, Catherine), a parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Finch -Dean, Petersfield and N. divisions of the county , of South- ampton, 6f miles (S. W. by S.) from Petersfield 3 con- taining 1003 inhabitants. It comprises by admeasure- ment 5035 acres> of which 2800 are arable, 1400 pas- ture, and 615 woodland. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9. 5. 10., and 519 in the gift of,J; Hayward; Esq. : the great tithes be- longing to Sir L. Curtis, Bart;, have been commuted for £61 4, and those of the incumbent for £280 : there is a'^glebe of 2 acres. The church, situated on an emi- nence, haS' some rich Norman arches> and contains a m*onument to Nicholas Hyde, chief justice of the court of queen’s bench : a gallery was erected; in 1834, by which 60 additional-sittings have been provided, all free. Wil- liam Appleford, porter of St. Mary’s College, Winches- ter, in 1695, bequeathed lands at Drayton^ in the parish of Barton-Staeey, producing at present £15 per* annum) for which children were instructed 3 and a school for^ the parishes of Blendworth and Catherington, and the cbapelry of Idsworth, was erected, in 1 827, at Hornd^an, a neat village in the parish, in which 7d boys are edu- cated on -the national plan. The poor law union of’ Catherington comprises 5 parishes or places, and con- tains a population of 2356. CATHERSTON-LEWSTON (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Bridport, hundred of Whitchuroh- Canonicorum, Bridport division of Dorset, 2f miles (N. E.) from Lyme-Regis ; containing 36 inhabitants. This place was the residence of a branch of the Wad- haras, by one of whom, Nicholas- Wadham, Esq., and Dorothy his wife, Wadham College> Oxford, was founded. The parish, which is situated on the great western road from London to Plymouth, and adjoining the post-town of Charmouth; comprises by mea^rement 248^ acres-. The living is a^^ discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £2i 16. lOj. 3 net income, £67 3 patrons, Ex- ecutors of Jones Ross> Esq. The churchy rebuilt re- cently by subscription of the rector and his tfriends, is a- neat small edifice. CATHORPE (St. Mary' an All. Saints), a parish, in the union of Lutterworth, hundred of Guthlax- ton, S; division of the county of' Leicester', 4^ miles (S. by E.) from Lutterworth 3 containing 167 inhabit- ants. The parish is situated on the river Avon, and on the road from Rugby to Market -H arbor ough, and com- prises 625a. lOr., of which about 462 acres are pasture, arid the rest arable : the surface is varied^ some parts of the land being flat, and others rising to a considerable elevation 3 and the soil is ebiefl^y gravel, with a little clay. The Roman Watling-street crosses its south- western extremity. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 5. 2|. 3 net' income, £2263 patron and incumbent. Rev. L. Harper; The church is an ancient structure, in the later English style. A small school is partly supported by subscription. Dyer, the poet, was for some time incumbent of the parish. CATMORE (St. Margaret), a parish, in the union of Wantage, hundred of Compton, county of Berks, 3 j miles (W. by S.) from East Ilsley 3 containing, with the tything of Lilley, 9fl inhabitants. It comprises about 720 acres, the surface of which is elevated, and the soil various, being in some parts chalk, and in others clay. Here was formerly a market on Mbnduy, granted in 1306, by Edward I., together with a fair on the fes- tival of St. Margaret. The living; is- a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 5. 75^5 net mcome, £1803 patron, C. Eyre, Esq. : the glebe consists of about 14 acres. CATON, a cbapelry, in the parish of Lancaster, hundred of Lonsdale, south of the Sands, N. division C A T T C A T T the county of Lancaster, miles (N. E, by E.) om Lancaster 5 containing 1195 inhabitants. This lapelry lies on the southern bank of the Lune, id comprises by admeasurement 5420 acres : the jauty of its diversified scenery elicited a warm eulo- um from the poet Gray, in a letter to Dr. Warton. reestone and flagstone are quarried, and coal and ate. are found. From 300 to 400 persons are employed , the manufacture of cotton and silk. The living is a jrpetual curacy; net income, £100 ; patron, the Vicar Lancaster. The chapel was built about the year 245. There is a small chapel at Littledale, one of the iir districts of the township, which was built about le middle of the last century, and is in the patronage " the yicar of Lancaster. The Wesleyans and Inde- ?ndents have each a place of worship. A parochial ihool is partly supported by subscription. Four alms- ouses are let to the poor by the churchwardens, who iso distribute £4 annually, the produce of land. Some Oman relics have been discovered, especially an an- ent stone pillar with an inscription to the emperor drian, found in the bed of the Fisherbeck, in 1803, 3sides a milliarium six feet in height, on the course of Roman way that passed near the place. CATSFIELD {St, L a wrence),q, parish, in the union r Battle, hundred of Ninfteld, rape of Hastings, . division of Sussex, 3| miles (S. W.) from Battle ; mtaining 589 inhabitants. It is intersected by the ladfrom Lewes to Hastings, and comprises 2938 acres, f which 875 are arable, 1447 meadow and pasture, 520 oodland, and 50 hops : the surface is alternated with ill and dale, and the scenery enriched with woods and lantations. The living is a rectory, valued in the ing’s books at £7. 9. 4|., and in the patronage of the lari of Ashburnham : the tithes have been commuted t )v £370, and the glebe comprises 34 acres, to which is ttached a glebe-house. The church is a handsome tructure, partly in the early and partly in the decorated Inglish style, with a square embattled tower, sur- lounted by a low shingled spire : in the chancel is an legant monument to the memory of J. Fuller, Esq., nely sculptured by Nollekens. At the gate of the lurchyard is a remarkably fine oak, more than 40 feet L girth at a few feet from the ground. A national ;hool is partly supported by subscription. CATTAL, a township, in the parish of Hunstngore, pper division of the wapentake of Claro, W. riding York, 5|: miles (N. E. by N.) from Wetherby ; con- ining 193 inhabitants. This place, which is situated 1 the north of the river Nidd, whose course here is iry devious, comprises by computation 950 acres : the >ad from York to Knaresborough passes on the north, )out two miles distant from the village, which is small id scattered. CATTERAL, a township, in the parish and union of ARSTANG, hundred of Amounderness, N. division of le county of Lancaster, if mile (S. S. W.) from arstaiig; containing 1102 inhabitants. The village mtains one of the oldest and most extensive print- orks in the county, situated at the confluence of the /"est Calder with the river Wyre. CATTERHAM.— See Caterham. CATTERICK (St, Anne), a parish, in the unions of EDALE, Richmond, and North-Allerton, compris- g, in the wapentake of Gilling-East, the townships 520 of Bolton-upon- Swale, Ellerton-upon-Swale^ Kiplin, Scorton, Uckerby, and Whit well ; in the wapentake of Hang-East, those of East and West Appleton, Brough, Catterick, Colbourne, Hipswell, Killerby, Scotton, and Tunstall ; and in that of Hang- West the township of Hudswell, N. riding of York ; containing 2965 inhabit- ants, of whom 600 are in the township of Catterick, 5 miles (S. E.) from Richmond. This is a place of great antiquity, having been the site of the great Roman city, called Cataract onium, where the Ermin-street branches off in two directions, and in the vicinity of which nume- rous Roman relics have been dug up at different periods. It also flourished during the Saxon times ; but in the devastations of the Danes was utterly destroyed, and is at present of little importance. A large brazen caldron full of Roman coins was discovered about a century ago, and not many years since, a splendid armilla of gold was found in a field near the village : the former is pre- served at Brough Hall, and the latter is in the posses- sion of Lady Tyrconnel, of Kiplin. The parish com- prises about 21,680 acres, of which 1561a. 6p. are in the township of Catterick: of these latter 917 are arable, 586 meadow and pasture, and the rest wood, roads, &c. At the distance of a mile to the north is Catterick bridge, over the river Swale, on which was formerly a chapel ; and opposite is a race-course. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £25. 2. 1., and has a net income of £678 : it is in the patronage of the Crown, and the impropriation belongs to divers persons. The small tithes for the townships of Hipswell and Hudswell were commuted for land in I8O7. The church is partly in the early style of English architecture, but chiefly of a later date, and consists of a nave, chancel, side aisles, and a tower ; the contract for its erection, dated in 1412, has been published by the Rev. J. Raine. In addition to the mother church, there are three chapels in the parish, in the patronage of the Vicar. A school and an hospital for six poor widows were founded, in 1658, by the Rev. Michael Syddall, vicar, and have an endowment, now amounting to about £80 per annum. Admiral Lord Nelson died in the arms of the Rev. Dr. Scott, vicar of the parish, who was his lordship’s chap- lain at the battle of Trafalgar, in 1805, CATTERLIN, a township, in the parish of Newton- Rigney, union of Penrith, Leath ward, E. division of Cumberland, 3 miles (N. W. by N.) from Penrith ; containing 147 inhabitants. CATTERTON, a township, in the parish of Tad- caster, W. division of Ainsty wapentake, W. riding of York, 2^ miles (N. E. by N.) from Tadcaster ; contain- ing 58 inhabitants. CATTESHILL, anciently Gates-Hill, a tything, in the parish, and First division of the hundred, of God- alming, W. division of Surrey, 1 mile (N. E.) from Godaiming. At this place, which is situated on the navigable river Wey, is an extensive and long-established paper-mill, employing about 100 persons in manufactur- ing the finest writing and printing paper. A pleasure fair is held on Holy-Thursday. CATTISTOCKE (St. Peter and St, Paul), a pa- rish, in the union of Cerne, hundred of Cerne, Tot- combe, and Modbury, Cerne division of Dorset, 9 miles (N. W.) from Dorchester ; containing 549 inhabit- ants. It is situated on the road from Dorchester to Yeovil, and comprises 2938a. Ir. 6p, The living is a C A T T CAUL rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13, 13. 9^ in the patronage of Mrs. Still : the tithes have been commuted for £510, and there is a glebe-house, with about ^8 acres of land. A national school is supported by subscription. On a hill in the eastern part of the parish is an ancient circular fortification of about four acres, called the Castle, surrounded by a double ram- part, with entrances at the north-east and west : to- wards the middle of the area the ground rises into a long barrow j and near the north entrance is a round tumulus, the top of which consists of flint stones. CATTO, with Landmoth, a township, in the parish of Leake, union of North-Allerton, wapentake of Allertonshire, N. riding of York, miles (N.) from Thirsk ; containing 56 inhabitants. The township com- prises by computation 600 acres, including CotlifFe Wood, a long precipitous cliff and boldly rising acclivity on the east side of the small river Codbeck. CATTON, a chapelry, in the parish of Croxall, union of Burton-tjpon-Trent, hundred of Repton and Gresley, S. division of the county of Derby, miles (S. W. by S.) from Burton 3 containing 47 inha- bitants. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for £91. 15. CATTON (St, Margaret) ^ a parish, in the union of St. Faith’s, hundred of Taverham, E. division of Norfolk, 2 miles (N.) from Norwich 3 containing 650 inhabitants. It comprises 904a. 2 r. S5p., a consider- able part of which consists of woodlands, and garden and pleasure-grounds, interspersed with numerous man- sions and villas, forming together a picturesque and beautiful suburban village. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £4. 3. 9. 3 net income, £142 3 patrons. Dean and Chapter of Norwich. The landowners have purchased the impropriate tithes of the Dean and Chapter : the glebe contains 13 acres. The church, of which the most ancient part is in the later English style, consists of a nave, chancel, and north aisle, with a circular tower, the upper part octagonal 3 in the interior are several neat memorials. The Wes- leyans have a place of worship. In the year 1724, John Norman bequeathed land for teaching some of his rela- tions, and, after 60 years, as his estate increased, to be applied to the erection and endowment of an hospital for boys. A school for girls is supported by subscrip- tion 3 and the poor receive £6 per annum from Wall’s bequest of 3 acres of land, and £2 from other benefac- tors. CATTON, a grieveship, in the parish of Allendale, union of Hexham, S. division of Tindale ward and of Northumberland 5 containing 535 inhabitants. CATTON (All Saints), a parish, in the union of PocKLiNGTON, partly in the wapentake of Ouse and Derw’ent, and partly in the Wilton-Beacon division of the wapentake of Harthill, E. riding of York 3 con- taining, with the townships of East and West Stam- ford-Bridge, and Kexby, 107B inhabitants, of whom 185 are in the township of High Cattoii, and 186 in that of Low Catton, miles (E. N. E.) from York. The sur- face of the parish, in which is some good land, is gene- rally level, and there are some fine plantations. A large fair for cattle is held on the 1st of December, at Stam- ford-Bridge. The village of Low Catton is pleasantly situated in the vale of the Derwent, and that of High Catton is on a gentle acclivity, at the distance of a mile VoL, I. — 521 from the former. Col. George Wyndham is lord of the manor. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £21. 12. 8^. 3 net income, £410 3 patron. Col. Wyndham : the tithes were commuted for land in I76O. The church is an ancient edifice with a square tower. There are places of worship for Wesleyans at High Catton and East Stamford-Bridge, at which latter place is a school endowed with £630 in the 3^ per cents., pro- ducing £22 per annum, the bequest of Christopher Wharton 3 the school-house was built in 1795. CATTON, a township, in the parish of Topcliffe, union of Thirsk, wapentake of Birdforth, N. riding of York, 5 miles (S. W.) from Thirsk 3 containing 136 inhabitants. It is on the east bank of the river Swale, and comprises by computation 770 acres of land : the Leeming-Lane road passes at the distance of about a mile and a half to the west of the village. The tithes have been commuted for £186. 15., of which £160 are payable to the Dean and Chapter of York, and £26. 15* to the vicar of the parish. CATWICK (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Skirlaugh, N. division of the wapentake of Holder- NESS, E. riding of York, 8 miles (N. E. by E.) from Beverley 3 containing 19I inhabitants. The parish com- prises 1493 acres : the soil is various, but chiefly clay and gravel 3 the surface is undulated, and the scenery diversified, and in some situations of pleasing character. Tiles, chimney-pots, and bricks are manufactured to some extent. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 5., and is in the patronage of the Crown 3 net income, £149: the tithes were commuted for a money payment on the inclosure* of the parish. The church is an ancient edifice, in the later style of English architecture, and was repaired in 1842. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. CATWORTH, GREAT (St, Leonard), a parish, in the union of St. Neot’s, hundred of Leightonstone, county of Huntingdon, 4 miles (N. by W.) from Kim- bolton 3 containing 637 inhabitants. It is situated on the London and Oundle road, and comprises about 2000 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s hooka at £17. 16. IO5. 3 net income, £337 3 patrons. Principal and Fellows of Brasenose College, Oxford. The tithes were commuted for corn-rents, under an inclosure actj in 1795 3 the glebe contains 60 acres, to which there is a glebe- house. The church is in the early English style, and ornamented with a spire. The Baptists and Wes- leyans have places of worship, A fund of about £18 per annum is appropriated to the apprenticing of chil- dren, arising chiefly from bequests by Mrs. Ann Banks, in 1719, and the Rev. Matthew Maddock, rector. Sir Wolstan Dixie, lord mayor of London in 1585, was born here. CATWORTH, LITTLE, a chapelry, in the parish of Longstow, union of St. Neot’s, hundred of Leighton- stone, county of Huntingdon, 3 f miles (N. by E.) from Kinibolton3 containing 75 inhabitants. CAUDERY, with Rudyard, a township, in the parish and union of Leek, S. division of the hundred of Totmonslow, N. division of the county of Stafford. CAULDON (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Cheadle, N. division of the hundred of Totmonslow and of the county of Stafford, 6 f miles (W. N. W.) from Ashbourn 3 containing 326 inhabitants. The pa- rish is separated from that of Waterfall by the small 3 X C A U N C A U S r Hamp, which in its course enters the ground at terhouses, continuing a subterraneous progress for ^ards of five miles. At Cauldon-Low are lime-works, n which the greater part of the surrounding country applied. The living is a perpetual curacy, with a net )me of £57 ; the patronage and impropriation belong drs. J. Wilmot, CAULDWELL, a chapelry, in the parish of Sta- HiLL, union of Burton-upon-Trent, hundred of ^TON and Gresley, S. division of the county of iBY, miles (S. by E.) from Burton j containing inhabitants. The impropriate tithes have been com- :ed for £^57, and the vicarial for £146. 10. The pel is dedicated to St. Giles. CAULK {St. Giles), a parish, in the union of iBY-DE-LA-ZoucH, hundred of Repton and Gres- % S. division of the county of Derby, miles (N. E.) from Ashby ; containing 55 inhabitants. It com- :es by measurement 900 acres : there are quarries of jstone extensively wrought, and burnt into lime, for conveyance of which facility is afforded, by the innington railway, to Ashby and Leicester. The ig is a curacy 3 net income, £34 5 patron and impro- itor. Sir George Crewe, Bart. The church is a neat ice, in the later English style, rebuilt on the old site, utthe year 1830. A convent of Augustine friars, in our of St. Mary and St. Giles, was founded here be- ; 1161, and afterwards removed to Repindon 5 the lains have been converted into a mansion, called the Abbey. The poor are eligible to the hospital at knall, founded by Charles Harper, Esq., in 1770. CAUNDLE, BISHOP, a parish, in the union of ERBORNE, partly in the hundred of Brownshall, irminster division, and partly in that of Sherborne, jrborne division, of Dorset, 5 miles (S. E. by E.) m Sherborne 3 containing 365 inhabitants. It com- ses by computation 1304 acres, of which ^00 are ble, 961 meadow and pasture, and about 22 wood. 3 living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at 1. 10. 3 net income, £226 3 patron, Earl Digby. The be contains 21 acres, to which there is a glebe-house, ichool is conducted on the national system. CAUNDLE-MARSH {St. Peter and St. Paul), )arish, in the union and hundred of Sherborne, ^rborne division of Dorset, 3f miles (S. E.) from jrborne, containing 77 inhabitants. This parish, ich is situated on the . road from Sherborne to Stur- ister, comprises by measurement 700 acres : stone of 3rior quality is quarried. The living is a discharged tory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 16. 3., and in gift of Sir H. R. Hoare, Bart, ; the tithes have been nmuted for £96, and the glebe comprises 35 acres. 3 church is a neat edifice. CAUNDLE-PURSE {St. Peter), a parish, in the on and hundred of Sherborne, Sherborne division Dorset, 1^ mile (E. S. E.) from Milborne-Port ; con- ling 183 inhabitants. It is intersected in the eastern ■tion by the road from London to Sherborne, and nprises 1470a. 2r. I6p., of which, with the exception about 100 acres of woodland and copse, the whole is ble, meadow, . and pasture : the surface is generally el, but rises towards the south, and terminates in a g ridge 3 the soil is a strong clay, alternated in some •ts with a stone brash. The living is a discharged tory, valued in the king's books at £7. 8. 8., and in 522 the gift of Sir H. R. Hoare, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for £162, and the glebe comprises 23 acres. In the chancel of the church, under a plain marble tomb- stone, are interred the remains of Dr. Highmore, a dis- tinguished writer on medical and anatomical subjects. Dr. Mew, Bishop of Winchester, was born here in 1618 : he was commanded by the king to proceed against Mon- mouth, in the rebellion, and had the management of the artillery at the battle of Sedgmoor, where he rendered CAUNDLE-STOURTON, a parish, in the union of Sturminster, hundred of Brownshall, Sturminster division of Dorset, 2 miles (S. W.) from Stalbridge 3 containing 394 inhabitants. It comprises by measure- ment 1962 acres : stone of good quality for building is quarried. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £50 3 patron and impropriator, Sir H. R. Hoare, Bart., whose tithes have been commuted for £21. 2. CAUNDLE-WAKE, a tything, in the parish of Btshop-Caundle, union of Sherborne, hundred of Brownshall, Sturminster division of Dorset 3 con- taining 36 inhabitants. It takes its adjunct from a noble family which anciently possessed the manor of the place. CAUNTON {St. Andrew), b. parish, in the union of Southwell, N. division of the wapentake of Thur- GARTON, S. division of the county of Nottingham, 5| miles (N. W. by N.) from Newark 3 containing 539 inhabitants. It is situated on the Worksop road, and comprises by measurement 2900 acres, of which 1600 are in the manor of Caunton, 800 in that of Beesthorpe, and 500 in the manor of Knapthorpe : coal is supposed to exist, and various attempts have been made to dis- cover it, but without success. The living is a discharged vicarage, with Beesthorpe, in the patronage of the .Chapter of the Collegiate Church of Southwell, valued in the king’s books at £4. 2. 1. 5 net income, £171 3 im- propriator, Lord Middleton. The tithes were commuted for leind and money payments, under an inclosure act, in 1795. The church is a neat structure of stone. There are places of worship for Primitive and Wesleyan Me- thodists 3 and a school has been recently built by sub- scription. CAUSEY-PARK, a township, in the parochial char pelry of Hebburn, union of Morpeth, W. division of Morpeth ward, N. division of Northumberland, 6j miles (N. by W.) from Morpeth ; containing 1 1 6 inhabit- ants. This place, which has its name from an ancient paved way that led along its eastern boundary, and on the line of the present great north road, was formerly in the parish of Felton, and comprises 1030 acres of land, ex- empt from tithes, paying only a modus of £3 per annum : the House here was built in 1589 by] James Ogle, Esq., and has some gardens which are very productive, and well stocked with fruit-trees. A little to the west of the house is a fine broad dyke, of compact whinstone, which has been much quarried for the roads : it has the mill- stone grit on its north cheek, and beds of slaty sand- stone, bituminous shale, 8;c. on the south. There was once a chapel, dedicated to St. Cuthbert, with which the place was probably honoured, on account of the monks of Durham having rested here in their flight from city, with the body of St. Cuthbert, to Holy Island, in 1069. Henry Ogle, in I76O, bequeathed a rent-charge of £15 for a school. CAVE CAVE CAVE, NORTH {All Saints)^ a parish, partly in the union of Howden, and partly in that of Pockling- TON, Hu nsley- Beacon division of the wapentake of Harthill., E. riding of York, 10 miles (E. N. E.) from Howden ; containing 1217 inhabitants, and comprising the chapelry of South Cliffe, and townships of North Cave, and Drewton with Everthorpe. This parish is situated on the main road from Hull and Beverley to Wakefield and the West riding, about 4 miles from the Hull and Selby railway, and 2 from the Market- Weigh ton canal. It comprises 6913«. Ir. 8p., of which 2025 are in the chapelry of South Cliffe : about 4702 acres are arable, 1006 pasture and meadow, 230 wood, 935 war- ren, and 13 common; and the soil is various, being chalky in the high, blue lias in the lower, and oolite in the intervening lands. The living is a discharged vicar- age, valued in the king’s books at £10. 7. 6. ; net in- come, £247 j patrons and impropriators, Henry Burton, Esq., and Mrs. Sarah Burton, of Hotham Hall. The great tithes for part of the township of North Cave were commuted for land in 1764, The church is a commo- dious edifice, with a handsome tower, and contains a full-length figure of a knight in armour, supposed to re- present Sir Thomas Matham, whose family were for- merly seated here, but of whose mansion there are no remains. At South Cliffe is a chapel of ease ; and there ate places of worship for the Society of Friends, Primi- tive Methodists, and Wesleyans. There is a handsome schoolroom near the church, for girls, erected within the last few years by Mr. Burton ; and there is another school for boys, which has a small endowment : both are supported by subscription, towards which Mr. and Mrs, Burton are the chief contributors. CAVE, SOUTH {All Saints), a parish, in the unions of Howden and Beverley, Hunsley- Beacon division of the wapentake of Harthill, E. riding of York ; containing 1852 inhabitants, of whom 1288 are in the market-town of South Cave, 27 miles (S. E.) from York, and 183 (N. by W.) from London. This parish com- prises 7103a. 2r. 30p., and includes the townships of Broomfleet and Faxfleet : it is situated at the western ex- tremity of the wolds, and on the river Humber, which forms its boundary for three miles : the township of South Cave comprises 4323a. Ir. 20p. The surrounding country is very pleasing, the eminences affording many delightful views of Lincolnshire, and of the river, with the scenery on its banks. At the market, which is held on Monday, considerable quantities of corn are sold for the supply of many of the manufacturing towns in the West riding : it is shipped on the Humber, and the re- turn cargoes consist of coal, freestone, lime, flags, and a variety of other necessary commodities. There is a fair on Trinity-Monday. The petty-sessions for the wapen- take of Howden shire take place here ^ and a manorial court is held in Oct., at which a constable is appointed. The town consists principally of three long streets, of which the longest is on the northern acclivity of a val- ley, and having been anciently washed by the tides of the Humber, it obtained the name of Cove, afterwards corrupted to Cave. In the vicinity is Cave Castle, the seat of H. G. Barnard, Esq., a large and splendid em- battled structure, with numerous turrets; the interior exhibits a corresponding style of magnificence, and is enriched with a noble collection of paintings, by the first artists, including a fine portrait of the celebrated Ame- 523 riean general, Washington, wdiose ancestors possessed a portion of the estate, and resided here prior to their emigration to Virginia, in the middle of the seventeenth century. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8 ; net income, £168.; patron and impropriator, Mr. Barnard : the great tithes have been commuted for £465, and the vicarial for £95. The church is a neat edifice, erected in 1601, and consists of a nave, north aisle, south transept, and chancel, and a fine tower. There are three places of worship belonging to Metho- dists, and a Roman Catholic chapel at Cave Castle ; and a school, on the national system, is partly supported by an endowment of £7 per annum. CAVENDISH (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Sudbury, hundred of Babergh, W. division of Suf- folk, 2^ miles (E. N. E.) from Clare ; containing 1353 inhabitants. This parish, at a very early period, was the property of the Cavendish family, of whom John Caven- dish, Esq., being in attendance on Richard II., despatched the rebel, Wat Tyler, whom William Walworth, lord mayor of London, had stunned with a blow of his mace. The populace of this neighbourhood, in retaliation, seized Sir John Cavendish, uncle of the former, and lord chief justice of the king’s bench, whom, together with the prior of Bury, they beheaded at the market-cross in that town. The parish comprises 3351a. Ir. 24p. : the village is situated on the river Stour. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £26 ; net income, £547 f patrons. Master and Fellows of Jesus’ College, Cam- bridge. Thomas Grey, in 1696, gave 78 acres of land fca: teaching poor children. The noble family of Caven- dish, of which the Duke of Devonshire is the present re- presentative, derives its name from this place. CAVENHAM {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Mildenhall, hundred of Lack ford, W. division of Suffolk, 4| miles (S. E.) from Mildenhall; containing 277 inhabitants. The river Lark is navigable on the north of this parish, where it is crossed by Temple bridge. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 5. 10., and in the patronage of the Crown; net income, £113; impropriator, H. S. Waddington, Esq. The vicarial tithes were commuted for land in 1801. The sum of about £22 per annum, the rental of 80 acres of land under an inclosure act, is applied to the purchase of coal for the poor. CAVERSFIELD {St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union of Bicester, partly in the hundred of Plough- ley, county of Oxford, but chiefly in the hundred and county of Buckingham, 2 miles (N.) from Bicester^ containing 178 inhabitants. It comprises 1438a. 2r. 3p., the soil of which is light and stony. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6 ; net income, £69 5 patrons and®impropriators, Trustees of the late Joseph Bullock, Esq. The glebe contains about 60 acres. Some suppose this to have been the place where Carausius, the Roman commander, assumed the purple in 287, and where he was afterwards slain by Caius Alectus : on Bayard’s Green, about a mile from the church, are faint traces of Carausius’s camp. ^ CAVERSHAM (St. Peter), a parish, in the unimlx of Henley, hundred of Binfield, county of Oxford, 1 mile (N.) from Reading; containing 1642 inhabitants. This place, during the civil wars, was the scene of a sharp skirmish between the royalist and parliamentarian forces ; and Charles I., who had fallen into the hands of 3X2 C A W O CAWS his enemies, was, for a short time, kept in confinement here. The parish comprises 4490«. Ir. 5p., of which about 3191 acres are arable, 709, meadow, 36 1 wood, and 200 common. The village is pleasantly situated on the northern bank of the Thames, the high grounds commanding a fine view of the town of Reading, and within a short distance of the Great Western railway, which passes on the opposite bank of the river. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £116; patrons. Dean and Canons of Christ-Church, Oxford; ^impro- priator, Black all Simonds, Esq. The church was part of the first endowment of Nutley Abbey, in Bucking- hamshire, the society of which here founded a cell, in which was a chapel, where, at the time of the Dissolu- tion, was preserved a spear-head, said to be that where- with our Saviour was pierced on the cross. A national school is supported by voluntary contributions. There is a chalybeate spring at Caversham Hill ; and in the grounds of Shatesgrove House, another of similar qua- lity. Caversham gives the inferior title of Viscount to Earl Cadogan. CAVERSWALL (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Cheadle, N. division of the hundred of Totmons- Low, and of the county of Stafford, 3 miles (E.) from Lane-End ; containing, with the township of Weston- Coyney with Hulme, 1505 inhabitants. The parish comprises 5346a. 9r. lip., of which nearly 3300 acres are meadow and pasture, 1384 arable, and a considerable part woods and plantations. A castle here, originally founded by Sir William de Caverswall, in the time of Edward II., and rebuilt in that of Elizabeth or James I., was garrisoned for the parliament in 1645, and at the commencement of the French Revolution, in 1789, was purchased for the English Benedictine nuns of Ghent, who had been driven from their possessions in Belgium. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the kings books at £7. 5. 3. ; net income, £217; patron and impropriator, T. H. Parker, Esq. The church contains several old monuments, and one to the lady of the late Earl St. Vincent. There are a place of worship for Wesleyans, and a Roman Catholic chapel at Cavers- wall Castle ; and a school has been established on the national plan. CAVIL, with PoRTiNGTEN, a township, in the parish of Eastrington, union of Howden, wapentake of Howdenshire, E. riding of York, 2 miles (N. N. E.) from Howden ; containing 123 inhabitants. It com- prises by computation 1490 acres of land, chiefly set out in farms, and partly the property of Viscount Galway. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for £46. 10. 8. CAWKWELL or Calkwell (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Horncastle, N. division of the wapen- take of Gartree, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 6 miles (S. W. by S.) from Louth ; containing 47 inha- bitants. This parish, situated on the road from Horn- castle to Louth, consists only of one farm, the produce whereof is chiefly butter and cheese. There are several pits of calx, which is converted into lime for manure. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £4. 8. 65. ; net income, £46, arising from land ; patron and impropriator, Lord Yarborough, The church is a small neat edifice. CAWOOD, a hamlet, in the chapelry of Arkholme, parish of Melling, hundred of Lonsdale, south of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 3j miles 524 (N. E.) from Hornby : containing, with Arkholme, 402 inhabitants. CAWOOD (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Selby, Lower division of the wapentake of Barkstone- Ash, W. riding of York, 9| miles (S. by W.) from York, and 187 (N. by Vv^.) from London; containing 1108 inhabitants. This place was given by King Athelstan to the see of York, about 935, in the time of Archbishop Wulstan. The magnificent palace or castle was built in the reign of Henry IV., by Archbishop Bennet; several of the prelates lived in it, and here Cardinal Wolsey re- sided nearly a year previous to his arrest on a charge of high treason, by the Earl of Northumberland. The castle was dismantled, and in part demolished, at the conclusion of the parliamentary war ; since which time, being abandoned by the archbishops, it has remained in a state of gradual dilapidation, and has nearly fallen into ruin ; the remains of the great gateway, and some few fragments, are now the only vestiges. The town is pleasantly situated near the western bank of the river Ouse, over which is a ferry : the houses are neatly built, and the inhabitants amply supplied with water. The market, which was on Wednesday, has been discontinued for many years; fairs for cattle are held on May 12th and December 19th. The quarter-sessions for the liberty of Cawood, Wistow, and Otley, are held here ; the Arch- bishop of York, and the magistrates for the division, hold a court of session twice a year for the trial of felo- nies ; and a manorial court is held, under the arch- bishop. The parish comprises 2000 acres : the surface is flat, and subject to inundation from the river : the soil is chiefly a fertile loam, and the lands are generally in a good state of cultivation. The living is a perpetual curacy; net income, £118; patron and appropriator, the Prebendary of Wistow in the Cathedral of York. The tithes were commuted for land and a money pay- ment, in 1776. The church, situated near the Ouse, is a neat structure, with a tower. There is a place of wor- ship for Wesleyans. A school for girls was founded, in 1731, by the Rev. Samuel Duffield, who endowed it with land now yielding a considerable annual income ; and £20 per annum are paid for the instruction of children, out of an estate producing £213. 9. per annum, vested in trustees for the repair of the highways, and the pre- servation of the embankments. Dr. Harsnett, Arch- bishop of York, who died in 1631, gave land for teaching poor boys. An almshouse was founded, about 1723, by William James, Esq., who endowed it with land worth £76 per annum, for aged persons; and an almshouse for six aged persons of Wistow and Cawood not having received parochial relief, was founded, in 1819> by James Waterhouse Smith, Esq. CAWSTON (St. Agnes), a parish, in the union of Aylsham, hundred of South Erpingham, E. division of Norfolk, 3^ miles (E. by N.) from Reepham, on the road from Norwich to Holt; containing 1130 inha- bitants. The manor is held in free socage of the crown, in right of the duchy of Lancaster, in token of which two maces are carried before the lord, or his steward, one bearing a brazen hand surmounted by a ploughshare, and the other a bearded arrow. Fairs are held on Feb. 1st, and the last Wednesdays in April and August, that in August being a large sheep fair. The living is a rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £15. 13. 11^.; net income, £808 ; patrons. Master and Fellows of Pern- C A W T C A Y T broke Halb Cambridge 5 the glebe contains 14 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is a hand- some cruciform structure, in the later English style, with a lofty square tower, built *by Michael de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk : there is a chapel on its north side, the interior of which is elaborately ornamented. The In- dependents, and Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists have places of worship. A school is chiefly supported by the rector 3 and a Sunday school is endowed with the interest of £100, bequeathed by Dr. Baker, in 1818. At the inclosure, in 1803, an allotment of 100 acres was awarded to the poor for fuel. CAWTHORNE, a chapelry, in the parish of Silk- stone, wapentake of Staincross, W. riding of York, 5 miles (W.) from Barnsley •, containing 1437 inhabit- ants. This parish, which is chiefly the property of John Spencer Stanhope, Esq., and partly of Thos. Wentworth Beaumont, Esq., lord of the manor, comprises by com- putation 3440 acres, whereof the soil is in general fertile : coal is abundant 5 sandstone and gritstone are quarried, and great quantities of limestone, brought up the Barns- ley canal, are burnt into lime 3 there are also some seams of iron-stone of excellent quality. The surface is varied, and the lower grounds are watered by several brooks that flow through the parish into the river Dearn. Cannon Hall, the seat of Mr. Stanhope, is a spacious mansion, situated in a park, through which a branch of the river Dearn winds its picturesque course, and which abounds with timber and with beautiful scenery. The vil- lagers pleasantly seated on a gentle acclivity, forming the southern boundary of a picturesque valley. At Barnby bridge the Barnsley canal terminates in a spacious basin, on the banks of which are wharfs, warehouses, and a wet dock, wdth conveniencies for boat-building and lime- burning 5 and from the basin is a railway to the several collieries, and to those in other parts of the parish of Silkstone. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the proprietors of certain estates, upon which there is a rent-charge in lieu of corn tithes, being part of the revenues of the duchy of Lancaster, and of which Messrs. Stanhope and Beaumont are the owners. The small tithes have been commuted for land by the in- cumbent 3 the glebe contains about 35 acres, purchased in the last century, by a grant from Queen Anne’s Bounty, and a donation from Sir William Wentworth, of Bretton Park 5 and several other grants have since been obtained in augmentation of the living, which is now worth £150 per annum. The chapel, dedicated to All Saints, is a neat edifice, in the later English style, with a square embattled tower 3 a south aisle was added to it in 1828, when 276 additional sittings were obtained, of which 216 are free. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and a school, which has a small endowment, is partly supported by subscription. There is a mineral spring, the water of which is slightly impregnated with sulphureted hydrogen. " CAWTHORPE, a hamlet, in the parish and union of Bourne, wapentake of Aveland, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 1:^ mile (N. by W.) from Bourne 3 containing 94 inhabitants. CAWTHORPE, near Louth, county of Lincoln. — See CovENHAM (St. Bartholomew). CAWTHORPE, LITTLE (St. Helen), a parish, in the union of Louth, Marsh division of the hundred of Calceworth, locally in that of Louth-Eske, parts of 525 Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 2f miles (S. E. by S.) from Louth ; containing 196 inhabitants. It comprises 468a. 20p., chiefly arable land. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £3. 4. 4|. 3 the rectorial tithes have been commuted for £68. 3. 6., and the rectorial glebe comprises 13 acres. A school is supported by the parishioners. CAWTON, a township, in the parish of Gilling, union of Helmsley, wapentake of Ryedale, N. riding of York, 5^ miles (S. S. E.) from Helmsley 5 containing 101 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 1020 acres of land, and contains some beds of excellent lime- stone. The tithes have been commuted for £190. CAXTON (*St. Andrew), a market- town and pa- rish, in the union of Caxton and Arrington, hundred of Longstow% county of Cambridge, lOj miles (W. by S.) from Cambridge, and 49 (N. N. W.) from London 5 containing 558 inhabitants. This place, one of the oldest post-towns in the county, is situated on the Roman Ermin-street, w^hich passes through the town from Holme to Papworth : the buildings are in general irregular and of mean appearance, consisting principally of poor cottages and decayed inns, though there are a few good houses of the latter description. The market, granted to Baldwin Freville, in 1247, is on Tuesday 3 and fairs, principally for pedlery, are held on May 5th, and October 18th. The parish comprises about 2300 acres. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 12. 4.5 net income, £80 5 patrons. Dean and Canons of W^indsor, who own the entire tithes of the parish, and to whom an allotment of land and a money payment were assigned, in lieu of tithes, by an inclosure act, in 1830 : the glebe contains about 9 acres. The living was a rectory previously to 1353, at w^hich time it was appropriated to the chapel royal of St. George, Windsor. The church has a piscina in tole- rable preservation. There is a place of worship for dissenters 5 and a Sunday school is endowed with about £5 per annum. Robert Langwith, in 1581, bequeathed £31. 10. per annum for the benefit of poor housekeepers, and for sermons to be preached quarterly in the church. The union comprises 26 parishes or places, and contains a population of 10,080. Matthew Paris, a Benedictine monk, who flourished in the reign of Henry III., and who wrote a history of the world from the creation to the year of his death, which happened in 1259, was a native of the place. It has been stated that Caxton, who introduced the art of printing into England, was born in the parish 5 but his own memoirs refer his birth and education to the county of Kent. CAYTHORPE (St. Vincent), a parish, in the union of Newark, wapentake of Loveden, parts of Keste- ven, county of Lincoln, 9 miles (N. by E.) from Grantham 3 containing, with the hamlet of Friston, 821 inhabitants. This parish, which is bounded on the east by the Roman Ermin-street, comprises 4207«. Ir. 35p. ; the land is in general well wooded, and the scenery in- teresting, and fine views may be obtained of Belvoir Castle, Newark, and Lincoln Cathedral, from the Beacon, an eminence near the road from Grantham to Lincoln, on which the village is situated. There are several beds of limestone, and stones are quarried for the roads. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £20. 11. 10^.3 net income, £976 3 patrons. Devisees of the late Mary Pochih. The church is a curious cruci- C E R N C E R N form structure, principally in the decorated English style, and has a very lofty spire rising from the centre, supported by four magnificent arches, rendering it a striking and commanding object 3 the interior contains two large and handsome monuments to the Hussey family, and at the east end is a large and curious paint* ing, on the plaster, in fresco, representing the Last Judgment, and which was discovered by scraping the wall a few years ago. There are a chapel of ease at Eriston, and a place of worship for Wesleyans. CAYTHORPE, a township, in the parish of Lown- HAM, union of Southwell, S. division of the wapen- take of Thurgarton and of the county of Notting- ham, 8 f miles (N. E. by E.) from Nottingham 3 contain- ing 315 inhabitants. CAYTON (St. Leonard), a parish, in the union of Scarborough, Pickering lythe, N. riding of York, 4 miles (S. by E.) from Scarborough 3 containing, with the townships of Cayton and Osgodby, 572 inhabitants, of whom 503 are in the township of Cayton. The parish is situated on the road from Scarborough to Bridling- ton, and is bounded on the north-east by the German Ocean : the soil is chiefly clay, and suited to the growth of wheat, and the scenery, which is diversified by a range of lofty hills, is very picturesque. Stone is ex- tensively quarried for building purposes, and burning into lime. The living is annexed to the vicarage of Seamer : the church is an ancient edifice with a square tower. There are places of worship for Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists 3 and a school is partly supported by subscription. CERNE, or Cerne- Abbas {St. Mary), a market- fown and parish, and the head of a union, in the hun- dred of Cerne, Totcombe, and Modbury, Cerne divi- sion of Dorset, 8 miles (N. N. W.) from Dorchester, and 1^0 (S. W. by W.) from London 3 containing 134^ inhabitants. The name of this place is derived from its situation on the river Cerne, and the adjunct from its ancient abbey. Eadwald, brother of King Edward the Martyr, became a hermit at this place 3 and in the reign of Edgar, Ailmer,. Earl of Cornwall, began to erect a noble abbey, which he completed in 987, for Benedictine monks, and dedicated to St. Mary, St. Peter, and St. Benedict : it was plundered, or, as some say, destroyed, by King Canute, but was soon restored, and flourished till the Dissolution, when its revenue was estimated at £6^3. 13. 2. The remains consist principally of the gate-house, a stately square embattled tower of three stages, having two fine oriel windows above the arch, and in front various shields of armorial bearings 3 also a large stone barn, and a moat with a double intrench- ment. In 1644, the Irish troops in the service of Charles I, burnt several houses in the town 3 and in the following year, Cromwell, having been joined by Col. Holberne and the inhabitants, marched to oppose the king’s forces that had advanced within three miles of Cerne, but retired on finding that he had been rein- forced by the regiments of Colonels Norton and Coke. The TOWN is pleasantly situated in a valley surrounded by lofty hills, and consists of four or five streets, par- tially paved : the houses are in general ancient, and possess little architectural beauty : the inhabitants are amply supplied with water from a spring, called Augus- tine’s Well, which, as the legend asserts, burst out to provide that saint with water for baptizing his Christian 526 converts. Considerable improvement has lately taken place, including the erection of some handsome modem buildings, and the formation of a new road through the town from Dorchester to Sherborne. There are manu- factories for dowlas, coarse linen, gloves, and parchment : the tanning trade is carried on to a considerable extent, and many women and children are employed in winding silk. The market, granted in the 15th year of the reign of John, is on Wednesday ; the fairs are on Whit- Monday, April 28th, and October 2nd, for cattle. The petty-sessions for the Cerne division of the county are held here. The parish comprises 2812a. 4p. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 8 . 16. 3 net income, £ 81 3 patron and impropriator. Lord Rivers. The church, supposed to have been erected on the site of the ancient hermitage, by one of the abbots of the monastery, in the fifteenth century, is a fine spa- cious structure, in the later English style, with a square embattled tower ornamented by octagonal turrets at the angles 3 it was repewed in 1819. There is a place of worship for Independents. Sir Robert Miller and Dame Margaret gave a rent- charge of £10 for apprenticing children. The poor law union of Dorchester and Cerne comprises fifty-nine parishes or places, and contains a population of 23,380. On the southern declivity of a steep chalk hill, called Trendle Hill, to the north of the town, a gigantic figure has been traced, representing a man holding a knotted club in his hand, and extending his left arm 3 it is 180 feet high, and well executed 3 the outlines are two feet broad, and two feet deep 3 between the legs is an illegible inscription, and above, the date 748. It is by some antiquaries referred to the Saxon times, and supposed to represent one of their deities 3 by others it is thought to be a memorial of Cenric, son of Cuthred, King of the West Saxons, who was slain in battle 3 and according to vulgar tradition, it was cut to commemorate the destruction of a giant who ravaged this part of the country, and was killed by the peasants.^ The figure is occasionally repaired by the inhabitants of the town. CERNE, NETHER, a parish, in the union of Dor- chester and Cerne, hundred of Cerne, Totcombe, and Modbury, Cerne division of Dorset, 5|: miles (N. N. W.) from Dorchester 3 containing 7 I inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £60 3 pa- tron and impropriator, F. J. Browne, Esq. CERNE, UPPER, a parish, in the union of Dor- chester and Cerne, hundred of Sherburne, Sher- burne division of Dorset, 0 miles (N. N. W.) from Dorchester 3 containing 107 inhabitants. This, place was for some time the property of Sir Walter Raleigh, and there are still remains of the ancient manor-house. The parish is watered by a branch of the riv^er Cerne, and comprises by computation 1200 acres. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. IS. 4 ., and in the patronage of John White, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £ 160 > and the. glebe comprises 15 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is a very old structure, and contains an ancient font of large dimensions. A parochial school is supported by subscription 3 and a bequest of £10 per annum, by Sir Robert Miller, in 1620 , is appropriated for apprenticing children, and the relief of the poor of the parish. C H A C C H A D CERNEY^ NORTH {All Saints), a parish, in fhse nni(^n of Cirencester, hundred of Rapsgate, E, divi- sion of the county of Oloocester., 4 tniles (N.) from Cirencester 5 containing, with the tythings of Calmsden and Woodmancote, 668 inhabitants. It comprises 3^9^ ^r. 24pi,v, the principal part of which is arable. Races are amiaally held. The living is a rectory, valued In the king’s books at 10. 7^., and in the patronage of Uni- versity College, Oxford : the tithes have been commuted for £ 730 , and the glebe comprises 104 acres, to which is attached a glebe-house. The Roman Fosse-way traces the eastern boundary of the parish, in which may also be seen vestiges of a Roman fortress, with circumvalla- tions. CERNEY, SOUTH {All Hallows) , a parish, in the union of CiRENt^ESTER, hundred of Crowthorne and Minety, E, division of the county of Gloucester, 3f tniles ( 8 . E. by S\) from Cirencester^ containing 1077 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 2924 acres 5 limestone abounds, and is quarried for manure 3 the Thames and Severn canal passes through the parish, and the Cheltenham branch of the Great Western railway through a parish adjoining. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 6 . 16 . 8. 3 net income, £231 3 patron and appropriator, Bishop of Glou- cester and Bristol. The tithes were commuted for land and corn-rents in 1808. The church, which is a fine speci- men of Norman architecture, with later additions, con- sists of a nave, chancel, north aisle, and north transept, with a low central tower and spire : at the south porch is a beautifully enriched arch ornamented with grotesque -heads terminating the mouldings 3 between the nave and the chancel is a pointed arch rising from slender columns, the capitals of which are decorated with rich foliage 3 -the chancel, with a fine east window of three lights,. is of later date than the other parts of the edifice. There is a place of worship for Primitive Methodists 3 and a national school has been established, chiefly through the munificence of Mrs. Ann Edwards, who gave £1500 for its foundation and endowment, and £1000 more for building houses for the master and mistress. Mrs. Edwards, in 1834, bequeathed the residue of her pro- perty in trust to the charity for the support of widows and orphans of clergymen of the diocese 3 in 1837, one- half of the bequest was appropriated to the erection of an asylum;,, and a very handsome edifice has been built, called Edwards^ College,- on a site of land given for the purpose; by a near, relative of the deceased, for the recepv tion of distressed families of clergymen. CHACEWATER, an ecclesiastical district, partly in the parish of Kenwyn, and partly in that of St. Kea, in the union of Truro, W. division of the hundred of Powder and of the county of Cornwall, 5 miles (W. by S.); from Truro. This place is situated on- the road! from Truro to Penzance, and in the heart of a district aboundv ing with mineral wealth. In the neighbourhood are several rich tin and copper-mines, from the workings of the latter of which near the surface, silver has been extracted in quantities greater than was anticipated. A considerable customary market for provisions is held on Saturday. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 patron, .Yicar of Kenwyn 3 net income, £135. The church, a handsome edifice, dedicated to St. Paul, in the later English style,, with a lofty tower, was erected in 1828, towards defraying; the expense of which the Parliament 527 tary Commissioners granted £ 200 .( 1 . There are places of worship for Baptists, Bryanites, and Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists. CHACKMORE, a hamlet, in the parish of Radclive, union,- hundred, and county of Buckingham, 1 | mile (N. N.. W.) from Buckingham 3 containing 238 inhabit- ants. The tithes were commuted for land in 1773. Here was formerly a chapel of ease, now in ruins. CHACOMBE. — See Chalcgmbe. CHAD-KIRK, a chapelry, in the padsh and union of Stockrort, hundred of Macclesfield, N. division of the county of Chester, 3jr~niles (E. by S.) from Stockport 3 containing 1465 inhabitants. The living is* a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Rector of Stockport, with a net income of £ 120 ; the chapel is dedicated to St. Chad. GHADBURY, a tything, in the parish of Norton, Union of Evesham, Lower division of the hundred uf Blackenhurst, Pershore and E. divisions of the county of Worcester 3 containing 28 inhabitants. CHADD, ST*, a chapelry, in the parish of Malpas, union of Wrexham, Higher division of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, 21- miles (E. by S.) from Malpas. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £144 3 patron. Rector of Malpas.. CHADDENWICKE, a tything, in the parish, union, and hundred of Mere, Hindon and S. divisions of Wilts, if mde (E.) from Mere 5 containing I6 inhabit- ants. CHADDERTON, a township, in the .parish of Old- ham cum Prestwich, union of Oldham, hundred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 7 miles (N. E. by N.) from Manchester 3 containing 5397 inhabitants. There are establishments for the spinning of cotton, the weaving of silk, and the manur facture of hats 3 and the chapelry abounds with coaj, which, by means of a branch of the Ashton canal, is com veyed to Manchester, Stockport, and other manufae- turing towns in the vicinity. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £129 j patron. Rector of Prest- wich. The tithes have been commuted for £ 120 . The chapel, dedicated to St. Margaret, is situated in the hamlet of Hollinwood. Here is a national school. This was the birthplace of Dr. Lawrence Chadderton, an emi- nent divine at the period of the Reformation, of which he was a zealous promoter. On the lawn in front of Chadderton Hall is a tumulus, on lowering which, at different periods,, several relics of antiquity have been discovered. CHADDESDEN {St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Shardlow, hundred of Appletree, locally in that of Morleston and Litcsurch, S. division of the county of Derry, 2^ miles (E.) from Derby 3 contain- ing 472 inhabitants. The Derby canal passes through the parish. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net in- come, £89 patrons. Representatives of the late Sir Robert Wilmot, Bart. 5 impropriator, Duke of Devon- shire. In 1638 an almshouse for six persons was founded and endowed by Edward Wilmot, Esq. 3 and in 1813 John Berrysford left property, now producing £16. 4. per annum, to be distributed, amongst Widows and orphans. CHADDESLEY-CQRBETT {St. CASSYdN^, a parish, in the union of KidderMinsTer, Lower division of the hundred of Halfshire, Kidderminster and is a handsome structure in the later English style 3 the pulpit is of stone, and the altar- screen, also of stone, is richly carved and embellished with canopied niches 3 the windows of the chancel are of painted glass. A district chapelry, called All Saints, was formed in 1841, and attached to a chapel lately built at the southern extremity of the parish 3 it com- prises a population of about 400 persons, half of whom reside in this parish, and half in that of Axminster. The chapel was consecrated by the Bishop of Salisbury, April 23, 1840 : Robert Williams, Esq., presented an elegant service of communion plate. The income of the living, which is a perpetual curacy, was augmented in 1842, with £15 per annum by the Ecclesiastical Com- missioners. There is^ a place of worship for Wesleyans^ also a national school. CHARFIELD {St. James), a parish, in the union of Thornbury, Upper division of the hundred of Grum- bald’s-Ash, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 2:| miles (N. by W.) from Wick war 3 containing 471 in- habitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 1. 3.3 patron and incumbent. Rev. R. P. Jones. The tithes have been commuted For £304, and the glebe contains 36 acres, to which there is a glebe- house. The church is principally in the later English style, with a low tower. CHARFORD, NORTH {St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in the union and hundred of Fordingbridge, Ringwood and S. divisions of the county of Southamp- ton, 3 J miles (N. by E.) from Fordingbridge 3 contain- CHAR CHAR ing, with the tything of Sooth Charford, 116 inhabit- ants. In the Saxon annals this place is called Cerdick- ford, from Cerdic, who defeated the Britons near a ford on the Avon, and subsequently became the founder of the West Saxon kingdom. The living is a perpetual curacy, valued in the king’s books at £5. 13. 4. : the church is in ruins. CHARFORD, SOUTH, a tything, in the parish of North Charford, union and hundred of Fording- BRiDGE, Ringwood and S, divisions of the county of Southampton j containing 62 inhabitants. CHARING (*St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in the union of West Ashford, hundred of Calehtlu, Upper division of the lathe of Scray, E. division of Kent, 12j miles (E. S. E.) from Maidstone, on the road from London to Folkestone ; containing 1241 inhabit- ants. On the division of the possessions of the monas- tery of Christ- Church, Canterbury, in the time of Arch- bishop Lanfranc, Charing was allotted to the arch- bishop, who had a palace here, the ruins of which are still standing near the cburchyurd. It is uncertain when and by whom the palate was built, but it is of great antiquity, and must have been extensive : it is reported to have been the residence of King John. Archbishop Morton rebuilt it in the reign of Henry VII., and, in March, 1507, lodged and entertained that mo- narch there •, and Henry VIII. slept in it on the 23rd of May, 1520, when on his way to the continent to have his celebrated interview with Francis I. of France, in the Field of Gold Cloth. The parish is in the bailiwick of Chart and Longbridge, and comprises .4551 <2. lOp., of which about 2414 acres are arable, 1229 pasture, 60 hop-grounds, 6S4 wood, and 72 common. The Hill of Charing contains an inexhaustible supply of chalk, immense quantities of which are yearly converted into lime, principally consumed in the Weald of Kent. It also abounds with fossil exuviae of marine production j and some beautiful specimens of palatal and other teeth of Plychodus, Polygyrus, and other varieties of extinct species of fossil sharks, with spongia, oysters, echinites, vertebrae, ammonites, plagiostoma, spinosum, ^c., have been procured Irom the chalk. In the gait below the hill, ammonites, belemnites, hamites, and other cham- bered shells, enamelled scales and various bivalve shells are plentiful. Its summit affords a beautiful, varied, and extensive prospect of the surrounding comitry, with the British Channel in perspective. Fairs are held at the village on April 29th and Oct. 29th, for cattle (mostly Welsh) and pedlery. The DIVING is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13 ^ patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of St. Paul’s, London. The rectory, with the annexed chapel of Egerton, is valued in the king’s books at £ 47 . 5. 4., and is held on lease under the Dean and Chapter by the executors of Mrs. Cassandra Marshall : the appropriate tithes have been commuted for £735, and the vicarial for £480 3 the glebe, to which there is a house, contains 29 acres. The church consists of an aisle, transept, and lofty chancel, with a chapel on the south side of it (built by Amy Brent in the reign of Richard II.), and a square tower with a turret at the south-eastern angle 5 it is chiefly in the later style of English architecture, and has twice sustained Injury by fire. The arms of Hugh Brent, Esq., and a rose, the badge of Edward IV., are still visible in the belfry, 535 There is a place of worship for Weslej^ans. A free school, founded by a bequest of Elizabeth Ludwell, who died in 1765, is endowed with £25 per annum^ and has two exhibitions to Oriel College, Oxford. Urns, coins, and other evidences of a .Roman station have been found in the parish. CHARLBURY (Sr. Mary), a parish, in the'" union of Chipping-Norton, partly in the hundred of Chad- lington, and partly in that of Banbury, county of Oxford, 6 |: miles (W. N. W.) from Woodstock ; con- taining 2982 inhabitants, and comprising the chapelries of East Chadlington and Shorthampton, the tything of West Chadlington, and the hamlets of Fawler, Finstock, and Walcott. This parish, in old records called Ceorle- bury, signifying, in the Saxon language, the settlement of free labourers,” anciently belonged to the bishops of Lincoln, whose seat was at Dorchester, in this county, and was afterwards given in exchange for other lands, to the monastery of Eynsham, founded by King Ethel- red. It continued to form part of the endowment of Eynsham till the Dissolution, when the manor, and subsequently the vicarage, were purchased by St. John’s College, Oxford, who are the present proprietors, and hold annually their courts leet and baron. Canbury Park, adjoining this place, was once part of the demesne forest of the king, and extended for nine miles, both in length and breadth •, it afterwards became the property of Jasper, Duke of Bedford., from whom it passed to the Duke of Northumberland, and subsequently to Henry, Lord Danvers, who built the present miansion, a spacious and handsome edifice, with an adjoining chapel, in which are some elegant specimens of carved oak. The estate, after the Restoration, came to the Earl of Claren- don, who took his title of viscount from this place j it was subsequently sold to the trustees of John, Duke of Marlborough, and is now the property of Lord Churchill. The village was formerly a market-town of note, but the market has been for some time discontinued 5 fairs are still held on the 1 st of Jan., the second Friday in Lent, and the second Friday after the 12 th of May, for live stock, and also on the IGth of Oct. for cattle and cheese. The living is a vicarage, with the chapels of Chadling- ton and Shorthampton annexed, valued in the king’s books at £25. 5 . 10. 3 net income, £800 5 patrons, the President and Fellows of St. John’s College, who are also impropriators of Chadlington 3 impropriators of Charlbury, the Duke of Maarlborough and Lord Churchill. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1811. The church is an ancient and venerable structure, with a square embattled tower 3 it is partly in the Norman and partly in the early Eng- lish style, and contains some memorials of the Jenkin- sons, ancestors of the Earl of Liverpool, and a mural monument to Elizabeth, Viscountess Dowager of Here- ford, and her grandson. Lord George Henry Somerset. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans. The free grammar school was endowed by Mrs. Ann Walker, with £40 per annum, payable out of, an estate that pro- duces £200 per annum, from which also are paid two exhibitions of £5 each for scholars from this school, which is under the visitation of Brasenose College, Ox- ford 3 a school-house has been erected at an expense of £500. A Lancasterian school is partly supported by the interest of a bequest of £ 100 , and by voluntary con- tribution. C H A R CHAR CHARLCOMBE (^r. Mary), a parish, in the union of Bath, hundred of Hampton and Claverton, locally in that of Bath-Forum, E. division of Somerset, I mile (N.) from Bath 5 containing 84 inhabitants, and com- prising by measurement 523 acres. The living is a dis- charged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 15. 10., and annexed to the mastership of the free grammar school at Bath, in the patronage of the Trustees : the tithes have been commuted for £134, and the glebe consists of 14 acres, to which there is a elebe-house. The church is a very small ancient edifice, and, according to tradi- tion, was formerly the mother church of Bath, and re- ceived an annual acknowledgment of a pound of pepper from the abbey there. CHARLCOTE {St, Leonard), a parish, in the union of Stratford-on-Avon, Warwick division of the hun- dred of Kington, S. division of the county of War- wick, 4| miles (E. by N.) from Stratford 5 containing 267 inhabitants. The parish is bounded on the west by the river Avon, which on the south receives the waters of a tributary stream, called the Huile 5 it com- prises about 1949 acres, of which 1495 are arable, and 450 pasture; the surface is in general level, and the soil a sandy loam. The grounds of Charlcote Park, the seat of the ancient family of Lucy, abounding with elms of stately growth, and well stocked with deer, add greatly to the beauty of the scenery : the mansion- house, a noble structure of brick and stone, was built by Sir Thomas Lucy, Knight, in the reign of Elizabeth, and forms an interesting specimen of domestic architec- ture. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6 ; net income, £183 ; patron and im- propriator, George Lucy, Esq. A few acres of glebe are in this parish, and a small portion in that of Willington. The church contains some monuments of the Lucy family, of which one, of statuary marble, to the memory of Sir Thomas and Lady Lucy, is a celebrated work of art by Bernini of Rome. At Thelesford, in the parish, a small priory, for monks of the order of the Holy Trinity, was founded in the reign of John, by Sir William Lucy, Knt., for the redemption of captives. CHARLCOTT, a ty thing, in the parish and union of Whitchurch, hundred of Evingar, Kingsclere, and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, ^ a mile (S. by E.) from Whitchurch ; containing 22 in- habitants. CHARLES {St, John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of South Molton, hundred of Sherwill, Braunton and N. divisions of Devon, 9 miles (E.) from Barnstaple ; containing 362 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 10. ; net in- come, £160; patron. Rev. Richard Blackmore. There are places of worship for Baptists and Wesleyans. CHARLESTOWN, a sea-port, in the parish and union of St. Austell, E. division of the hundred of Powder, and of the county of Cornwall, 1 mile (E. S. E.) from St. Austell. This place is situated on the western side of St. Austell bay, and, in 1790, when known by the name of Porthrnear, contained only nine inhabitants ; but since that period, owing to the spirited exertions of Charles Rashleigh, Esq., from whom it de- rives its modern appellation, it has become a thriving port, and is still increasing in extent and importance. The harbour is secured by a commodious pier, and de- fended by a battery of heavy ordnance on Crinnis Cliff ; 536 it contains an outer and an inner basin, the latter being capacious enough to admit vessels of 500 tons’ burthen. Here are yards and dry docks for building and repairing large ships, and a rope and twine manufactory ; and a great quantity of lime is burnt ; but the chief trade of the place consists in its extensive pilchard fishery, for which several seans have been put on, and receiving- houses erected. Most of the china clay brought from St. Stephen’s is shipped at this port. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans ; and a national school has been erected. CHARLESWORTH, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Glossop, hundred of High Peak, N. division of the county of Derby, 8^ miles (N. N. W.) from Chapel-en-le-Frith ; containing 1732 inhabitants. The chapel is dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene. CHARLETON {St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Kingsbridge, hundred of Coleridge, Stanborough and Coleridge, and S. divisions of Devon, 2| miles (S. E.) from Kingsbridge ; containing 703 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £31. 8. 4., and in the patronage of Lord Ashburton: the tithes have been commuted for £550, and the glebe comprises 30 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church contains, over the altar, a good painting of Our Saviour and the Twelve Apostles, by Mr. Leth- bridge, a native of the parish. CHARLETON, QUEEN {St, Margaret), a parish, in the union and hundred of Keynsham, E. division of Somerset, 2f miles (N. N. E.) from Pensford ; contain- ing 190 inhabitants. This place obtained its distin- guishing appellation from having been settled on Cathe- rine Parr, Queen of Henry VIII. The salubrity of the air made it a place of considerable resort, particularly in 1574, when the plague swept away 2000 persons at Bristol. The parish comprises 952 acres : the road to Bath formerly intersected the village. A fair, granted by Elizabeth, on her progress through the place, in 1573, is held on the 20th of July. The living is a vicarage not in charge, in the patronage of Miss Dickenson, to whom also the impropriation belongs ; net income, £48. In 1760, Mary Freeman left £500, producing £25 per annum, for clothing and teaching twenty boys. CHARLEY, an extra-parochial liberty, in the union of Loughborough, hundred of West Goscote, N. division of the county of Leicester, 4f miles (S. W. by W.) from Loughborough ; containing 53 inhabitants. The ancient forest of Charley, or Charnwood, twenty miles in circuit, was disafforested soon after the Con- quest ; its privileges were restored by Henry II., but finally abolished by Henry III. A society of eremites, of the order of St. Augustine, settled here in the reign of Henry II., by the favour of Robert Blanchmains, Earl of Leicester ; but in the time of Edward II. it was united to one at Ulvescroft, where a priory of regular canons, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, continued until the Dissolution, when its revenue was estimated at £101. 3. 10. CHARLEY, a hamlet, in the parish of Farewell, union of Lichfield, S. division of the hundred of Off- low and of the county of Stafford, 4 miles (W. by N.) from Lichfield ; containing 158 inhabitants. CHARLINCH {St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Bridgwater, hundred of Cannington, W, division CHAR CHAR of Somerset, 4 miles (W. by N.) from Bridgwater j containing *215 inhabitants. This place stands partly on a high ridge of land, and partly in a valley, and com- prises 1432a. 2r. of which about 844 are arable, 491 meadow and pasture, 45 woodland, and 18 common 5 the soil in the lower part is chiefly clay, and in the upper the earth rests upon grey-wacke and sandstone. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 15. 5 ., and in the patronage of the Representative of the late Rev. Dr. T. Stark y : the tithes have been commuted for £ 268 . 3. 8 ., and the glebe comprises 82 acres. Gothelney House, an old building of the fif- teenth or sixteenth century, is now occupied as a farm- house. CHARLTON, a hamlet, in the parish, union, and hundred of Wantage, county of Berks, f of a mile (N. E.) from Wantage 5 containing 329 inhabitants, and comprising 1368a. 8p. CHARLTON, a ty thing, in the parish, and Upper division of the hundred, of Henbery, union of Clif- ton, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 5| miles (N.) from Bristol ; containing 319 inhabitants. CHARLTON {St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in the union of Dovor, partly in the hundred of Bews- BOROUGH, but chiefly within the liberty of the cinque- port of Dovor (of which it is a member), lathe of St. Augustine, E. division of Kent, 1 mile (N. N. E.) from Dovor 3 containing 2513 inhabitants. This place, it is conjectured, was the Portus Duhris of the Romans, several anchors and fragments of wreck having been discovered at various times. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £32 3 net in- come, £99 5 patron. Rev. John Monins. The church has been enlarged by the addition of 258 free sittings, the Incorporated Society having, in 1827, granted £200 towards defraying the expense. CHARLTON {St. Luke), a parish, in the union of Lewisham, hundred of Blackheath, lathe of Sutton- at-Hone, W. division of Kent, 6J miles (E.) from London 5 containing 2655 inhabitants. This place, in ancient records called Cerletone and Ceorletone, is sup- posed to have derived that name from Ceorle, the Saxon term for husbandman. The manor appears to have be- longed, from the close of the eleventh century till the Dissolution, to the monks of Bermondsey, to whom Henry HI. granted a charter for a weekly market and an annual fair on the eve of the Holy Trinity, to be held here. In 1665, the town, which at that time was a place of considerable importance, sulFered severely from the ravages of the plague, and, together with the surrounding neighbourhood, sustained much injury from a violent tempest. The parish comprises by admeasurement 1400 acres, of which 528 are arable, 460 pasture, 165 marsh, and 30 woodland 3 and is delightfully situated in the heart of a fertile district, abounding with picturesque scenery, interspersed with elegant villas, and commanding from the higher parts extensive prospects. The village, which is situated on rising ground, retains much of its rural character 3 nearly opposite to the church is the ancient manor- house, erected in 1612 , a spacious and stately build- ing, in front of which is a row of cypress-trees, said to have been the first planted in England. The market has long been discontinued 3 the fair, now held on St. Luke’s-day, is called Horn fair, from the numerous arti- VoL. I. — 537 cles of that material brought for sale. The jurisdiction of the court of requests for the recovery of debts not exceeding £5, which is held in rotation at Bromley, Greenwich, Woolwich, and Croydon, extends over this parish. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 10 . 7- 8 ^., and in the gift of Sir T. M. Wilson, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for £ 600 , and the glebe comprises 13 acres. The church, rebuilt of brick in 1640, and enlarged in 1839, is a neat edifice, with a square embattled tower 3 the windows are embellished with numerous armorial bearings in stained glass, and the interior contains various pieces of ancient armour, and numerous handsome monuments, among which are one to Lady Catherine Puckeringe 3 one to Brigadier- General Richards, surveyor of the ordnance in the reign of George II. 3 and one to the Right Hon. Spencer Per- ceval, who was interred in the church. There is a pro- prietary chapel on the north side of the heath 3 and the church of St. Peter, in Blackheath Park, and Morden College, are both in the parish. A parochial school was built by' Sir William Langhorne, who, in 1714, endowed it with £300, now producing £8 per annum 3 it is con- ducted on the national plan. Sir William also be- queathed £1000 to augment the rector’s income. An infants’ school is supported by subscription. A national school for boys has been built, and one for girls, adjoin- ing the almshouses, has been repaired and enlarged at an expense of £400. CHARLTON, a hamlet, partly in the parish of New- BOTTLE, and partly in that of King’s-Sutton, union of Brackley, hundred of King’s-Sutton, S. division of the county of Northampton, 4 miles (W. by S.) from Brackley 3 containing 446 inhabitants. On a neigh- bouring hill, called Rainsborough, is an oval camp, with a double intrenchment, about half a mile in circumfer- ence, having two entrances on the north, and two ©n the south : urns, glass vessels, and other relics, have been discovered 3 and a little to the eastward, near a smaller intrenchment, a gold coin of Vespasian, and several coins of Constantine, have been found. CHARLTON, a hamlet, in the parish and hundred of Kilmersdon, union of Frome, E. division of Somer- set, 7 miles (N. W. by W.) from Frome. Plere was formerly a chapel. CHARLTON, a hamlet, in the parish, union, and hundred of Andover, Andover and N. divisions of the county of Southampton 3 containing 323 inhabit- ants. CHARLTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Singleton, union of Westhampnett, hundred of Westbourn and Singleton, rape of Chichester, W. division of Sus- sex 3 containing 223 inhabitants. CHARLTON, a ty thing, in the parish of Don head St. Mary, union of Tisbury, hundred of Dunw^orth, Hindon and S. divisions of Wilts, 2f miles (E. by S.) from Shaftesbury. Here was formerly a chapel. CHARLTON, a tything, in the parish and hundred of Downton, union of Alderbury, Salisbury and Amesbury, and S. divisions of Wilts 3 containing 300 inhabitants. CHARLTON {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union and hundred of Malmesbury, Malmesbury and Kingswood, and N. divisions of Wilts, miles (N. E. by E.) from Malmesbury 3 containing 683 inha- bitants. It comprises about 5000 acres, of which the 3 Z CHAR CHAR surface is in general flat, and the soil clayey, and in some parts stony 5 there is a lake at Braden, of the extent of 60 acres, forming a fine piece of water. The living is annexed, with that of Brokenborough, to the vicarage of Westport-St, Mary. A school is chiefly supported by the Earl of Suffolk, who has a magnificent seat in the parish, and is lord of the manor. CHARLTON (St, Peter), a parish, in the union of Pewsey, hundred of Swanborough, Devizes and N. divisions of Wilts, 4 miles (S. W.) from Pewsey 3 con- taining 201 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Pewsey to Devizes, and comprises by measurement 17OO acres. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at 15. 6., and in the patronage of the Dean and Canons of Christ- Church, Oxford : the tithes have been commuted for £132, and £10 per annum are paid to the vicar, under the will of the late Dr. Robert South, of Christ- Church, Oxford. The church is a very ancient structure, with a tower on the north side. Here was an alien priory, founded in 1187, as a cell to the abbey of L’Isle Dieu, and granted at the suppression of alien houses to St. Katherine’s Hos- pital^ London. About a mile to the westward are the remains of an intrenched camp, with a spacious prse- torium, ealled Casterley, the area of which^ comprising 60 acres, is intersected by a broad fosse. CHARLTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Crop- thorn, union of Pershore, Middle division of the hun- dred of OswALHSLOw, Pcrshore and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, 5j miles (E. by S.) from Per- shore 3 containing 312 inhabitants, and comprising 1544 acres. It is surrounded on all sides, except the south, by a winding of the river Avon. CHARLTON -ABBOTTS, a parish, in the union of WiNCHCOMBE, Lower division of the hundred of Kifts.- GATE, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 2f miles (S. by E.) from WTnchcombe 5 containing 101 in- habitants, and comprising 1374a. 2r. 25p. Stone of inferior quality is raised for the repair of the roads. In a farm-house is an apartment, called Queen Elizabeth’s Room, with a beautifully caryed mantel-piece, above which are the initials E. R. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £38 3 patron, W^. L. Lawrence, Esq. The church, a neat edifice, has. been recently re- pewed. A school is supported by the patron. CHARLTON- AD AM Peter and St, Paul), a parish, in the union of Langport, hundred of Somer- TON, W. division of Somerset, 3 miles (E.) from So- merton 3 containing 472 inhabitants, and consisting of 1476a. 2r. 32p. Stone of good quality for building and for paving is quarried to a considerable extent. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 14. 7- ^ ^let income, £137 5 patron, John Barney, Esq. : the impropriation belongs to Mrs. Gapper. The tithes w^ere commuted for corn-rents, under an in- closure act, in 1803 3 the glebe comprises 19 acres. A school is partly supported by subscription. A chantry, or free chapel, dedicated to St. Stephen, was anciently founded here by Lord Henry Fitz-Richard, by permis- sion of the prior of Brewton, under whom he held the manor. The old Roman Fosse-way from Bath to II- chester proceeds through the parish. CHARLTON- CROSS, an extra-parochial liberty, in the hundred of Kilmersdon, E. division of Somerset, 5 miles (N.) from Frome 3 containing 30 inhabitants. 538 CHARLTON, EAST-QUARTER, a township, in the parish and union of Bellingham, N. W. division of Tindale ward, S. division of Northumberland, if mile (N. W. by W.) from Bellingham 3 containing 173 inhabitants. The village in the township is pleasantly situated on the north side of the North Tyne. A small stream tributary to that river flow's at this place. CHARLTON-HORETHORNE, or Canfield (St. Peter and St, Paul), a parish, formerly a market-town, in the union of Wincanton, hundred of Horethorne, E. division of Somerset, 5^ miles (S. W.) from Win- canton 3 containing 569 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the road from Bath to Weymouth, com- prises about 2500 acres : stone of good quality is exten- sively quarried for building, and repairing the roads 3 and a considerable number of the inhabitants are em- ployed in the manufacture of dowlas. The market which was formerly held here, was obtained by Henry de Lacy, in the 22nd of Edward I., who also had, by the same charter, a grant for a fair on the eve and morrow of St. Thomas the Martyr 3 the fair is still held. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 10. 5.3 net income, £384 3 patron and impropriator, the Marquess of Anglesey : the glebe comprises 40 acres. The church is a handsome edifice,, in the early English style, but has been greatly disfigured by the insertion of windows of modern character. There was anciently within the manor a chantry chapel, de- pendent on the priory of Kenilworth. CHARLTON, KINGS (St, Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Cheltenham, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 2 miles (S. S. E.) from Chelten- ham 3 containing 3232 inhabitants. This place partici- pated in the hostilities of the parliamentary war during the reign of Charles I., and a hill, since called Battle- downs, was the scene of a sanguinary conflict, in which many of the inhabitants, who adhei’ed to the royal cause, were slain. The parish, which is situated on the road from London to Gloucester, and at the base of the Cotsw'old Hills, comprises 3214a. 2r. 4p. : the soil is chiefly a sandy loam, with a little yellowish clay 3 the lands are watered by a rivulet, named the Chelt, which flows hence into the parish of Cheltenham. A small part of the population is employed in the making of gloves. Stone of the oolite formation is quarried for rough building, and for roads. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £177 9 with an excellent glebe-house, of recent* erection 3 patrons. Principal and Fellows of Jesus’ College, Oxford 3 impropriator, C. W. Lovesy, Esq. The church is a handsome structure, in the later English style. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. The sum of £6 a year is paid for instruction out of the rental of land producing £30 per annum, given by Samuel Cooper, about the year 1743 3 the remainder is applied to the relief of the poor. Three other schools are sup- ported by subscription. Almshouses have been built 3 and there is a fund arising from several benefactions, now yielding £100 a year, which sum is distributed among the deserving poor. A mineral spring, similar in its properties to the Cheltenham water, was lately discovered. CHARLTON-MACKREL (St, Martin), a parish, in the union of Langport, hundred of Somerton, W. division of Somerset, 3 miles (E.) from Somerton 3 containing 405 inhabitants. It is bounded on the south CHAR by the river Cary, across which is a bridge of two arches, on the line of a modern road that passes along the course of the old Roman fosse- way. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £16. 0. 5 net income, £499 ; patron and incumbent. Rev, W. T. P. Brymer. The church is a handsome edifice, in the ancient style of English architecture, repaired and em- bellished at the expense of the present incumbent. A national school was established in 1830. CHARLTON-MARSHALL, a parish, in the union of Blandford, hundred of Cogdean, Blandford divi- sion of Dorset, 1|- mile (S. S. E.) from Blandford-Fo- rum 3 containing 395 inhabitants. The living is annexed to the rectory of Spetisbury r the tithes were commuted for land in 1799. The church contains some monuments to the family of Bastard, and one to the memory of Dr. Sloper. Some fossils, and Roman and Grecian coins, were found in 1831. CHARLTON-MUSGRAVE {St. Stephen), a parish, in the union of Wincanton, hundred of Norton- Ferris, E. division of Somerset, 1 mile (N. N. E.) from Wincanton 5 containing 409 inhabitants. 'The liv- ing is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 10. 5 patron and incumbent. Rev. Paul Lier : the tithes have been commuted for £450, and the glebe comprises 52 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. A school, com- menced in 1829^ is partly supported by voluntary con- tributions, Dr. William Musgrave, physician and anti- quary, was born here in 1657. CHARLTON, NORTH, a township, in the parish of Elltngham, union of Alnwick, S. division of Bam- BROUGH ward, N, division of Northumberland, 65 miles (N. by W.) from Alnwick ; containing 238 inhabit- ants. The village is situated on the road from Alnwick to Bclford. Charlton Hall stands near a stream which, after a short course, falls into the North Sea. A school, erected by John Cay, Esq., is endowed with £5 per annum. There are some curious barrows. CHARLTON, SOUTH, a township, in the parish of Ellingham, union of Alnwick, S. division of Bam- BROUGH ward, N. division of Northumberland,® 5| miles (N. by W.) from Alnwick } containing 188 inhabit- ants. This place is on the great north road, and com- prises a considerable area 5 the soil is light, and rests generally upon a limestone substratum, and the surface is undulated and pleasing. Link Hall, with about 410 acres of land, is the property of Edward Anthony Hed- ley, Esq., M.D. Here was formerly a chapel, of which there are no remains. £5 are annually given by Lord Crewe’s trustees in aid of a school. A great portion of North and South Charlton is covered with ancient roads and earthworks y and graves of rude workmanship are frequently discovered, containing bones, urns, and armour. CHARLTON-upon-Otmore {St. Mary), a parLsh, in the union of Bicester, hundred of Ploughley, county of Oxford, 6 miles (S. S. W.) from Bicester y containing, with the hamlets of Fencot and Murcot, 658 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 1840 acres, of which 1291 are arable, and nearly all the rest pasture. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £21. 9. 4^. 5 patrons, Provost and Fellows of Queen’s College, Oxford. The church is partly in the early and partly in the decorated English style y a portion of the ancient rood-loft, of exquisite beauty, is remaining 5 and 539 C lA R \ in the chancel, which is ligh„\ by elegant windows with flowing tracery, are some St- jne stalls, highly en.^ riched. CHARLTON, WEST-QUARTER, a township, in the parish and union of Bellingham, N. W. division of Tindale ward, S. division of Northumberland, 3 miles (W. N. W.) from Bellingham 5 containing I 76 inhabitants. This place, which comprises about 400 acres, is situated at the confluence of the Tarset burn and the North Tyne river. Here anciently stood a castle, the walls of which were of ashlar stones four feet thick, and extended over an acre of land 3 its magnitude and strength are said to have impressed the popular mind with the notion of its having been the abode of some giant, and it is believed that there still exists a subterraneous passage beneath the bed of the Tyne, from this castle to another known as Dally Castle, dis- tant from it southwards about a mile. CHARLTON-WOODLANDS, a hamlet, in the pa- rish and union of Shepton-Mallet, hundred of Whit- stone, E. division of Somerset ; containing 86 inha- bitants. CHARLWOOD {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union and First division of the hundred of Re i gate, E. division of Surrey, 7 miles (S. 8 . W.) from Reigate, on the borders of the county of Sussex 3 containing 1291 inhabitants. This place was the scene of a san- guinary battle between the Danes and the men of Surrey and Sussex, that occurred near a bridge, since called Kilman Bridge, and in which the Danes were defeated with great slaughter. The London and Brighton rail- way intersects the south-eastern part of the parish, also the road from London to Brighton, by way of Crawley 3 and the river Mole wind^ through and bounds ^6me-^ parts of it. An act for inclosing lands was passed in 1843. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19. 16. 8.3 patron and incumbent. Rev. H. Wise : the tithes have been commuted for £900, and the glebe contains 22 acres, to which there is a glebe- house. The church contains several ancient monuments of the family of Sanders and others, and is in the Norman and early English styles 3 the south aisle is separated from the chancel by the remains of a very handsome and elaborately carved screen. There is a place of worship for Independents. A school was founded^ in 1637, by the Rev. John Bristow, and en- dowed with land, let for £8 per annum 5 another, com- menced in 1831, is suppoited by Mrs. Clayton, of Chari- wood Park. CHARMINSTER {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Dorchester, hundred of George, Dorchester divi- sion of Dorset, 2 miles (N. W. by N.) from Dorchester 3 containing 827 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, with that of Stratton annexed 3 net income, £137} patrons and impropriators, the Pickard family. The great tithes have been commuted for £510, the perpetual curate’s for £12, and the tithes of the land- owners for £155. The church has been lately enlarged by the addition of 174 free sittings, the Incorporated Society having granted £120 towards defraying the ex- pense. CHARMOUTH {St. Matthew), a parish, and for- merly a market-town, in the union of Axminster, hundred of Whitchurch-Canonicorum, Bridport division of Dorset, 2 miles (N. E. by E.) from Lyme- 3Z9, CHAR CHAR Regis ; containing 620 inhabitants. This place derives its name from its situation at the mouth of the river Char, which here falls into the English Channel. It was the scene of a sanguinary battle in 833, between the Saxons, under Egbert, and the Danes, who, though many of their men were killed in the action, yet main- tained their post, and made good their retreat to their ships. Another battle was fought in 840, in which the Danes defeated the Saxons under Ethelwolf, but, without improving their victory, precipitately embarked, leaving their booty behind. In the 7fb of Edward I. the abbot of the monastery of Ford, in the vicinity, obtained for the inhabitants the grant of a weekly market, and an annual fair. After the battle of Worcester, Charles II. and his suite fled to the place, intending to escape into France 5 but, being frustrated in that expectation, quitted it without delay. On this occasion, a blacksmith, having discovered, from the manner of shoeing the horse of Lord Wilmot, who had remained behind, that the party came from the north, a pursuit was instantly commenced, but without success. The village is pleasantly situated at the base of a steep hill, round which the road was carried in 1758, and, from its situation on the coast, is a place of resort for sea-bathing : the surrounding scenery is enlivened by the river Char, over which is a bridge leading to the village ; and the neighbouring cliiFs abound with martial pyrites, bitumen, and other inflammable matter, which after heavy rains emit a vivid flame, and were particularly observable in the year 1751. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s^ books at £8. 16. 8., and in the gift of A. Hatherell, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £120, and the glebe comprises 6 acres. The church was lately rebuilt. There — is a^pla€e of worship for Independents ^ and a national school has been erected. CHARNDQN^* a hamlet, in the parish of Twyford, union, hundred, and county, of Buckingham, 7^ miles (W. S. W.) from Winslow; containing 190 inhabitants. CH ARNES, a township (formerly a chapelry), in the parish of Eccleshall, union of Stone, N. division of the hundred of Pirehill and of the county of Staf- ford, 5 miles (N. W. by W.) from Eccleshall ; contain- ing 98 inhabitants. The chapel has been destroyed. CHARNEY, a chapelry, in the parish of Long- worth, union of Farringdon, hundred of Ganfield, county of Berks, 4^ miles (N. by W.) from Wantage ; containing 275 inhabitants, and comprising 1159«. 2r. \6p. The chapel, dedicated to St. Peter, is an ancient edifice, of early Norman architecture. A school is partly supported by subscription. Here is a circular fortification, called Cherbury Castle, surrounded by a double trench, resembling that of Badbury, in Dorset- shire, and traditionally said to have belonged to Canute the Great. CHARNH AM- STREET, a ty thing, in the parish and union of Hungerford, hundred of Kinwardstone, Marlborough and Ramsbury, and S. divisions of Wilts 5 containing 401 inhabitants. CHARNOCK-HEATH, a township, in the parish of Standish, union of Chorley, hundred of Leyland, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 3 miles (S. E.) from Chorley ; containing 1062 inhabitants. The tithes have been commuted for £102. CHARNOCK-RICHARD, a township, in the parish of Standish, union of Chorley. hundred of Leyland, 540 N. division of the county of Lancaster, 3 miles (S. W. by W.) from Chorley ; containing 784 inhabitants. The tithes have been commuted for £246. 1. A school is partly supported by the rector. CHARSFIELD {St, Peter), a parish, in the union of Woodbridge, hundred of Loes, E. division of Suf- folk, 5^ miles (N. by W.) from Woodbridge; contain- ing 551 inhabitants, and comprising by measurement 1299 acres. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net in- come £66 ; patron and impropriator, Earl Howe, whose tithes have been commuted for £l60. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists. CHART, or Churt, a ty thing, in the parish of Frensham, hundred of Farnham, W. division of Sur- rey, 5j miles (N. W.) from Haslemere ; containing 432 inhabitants. A manufactory for coarse earthenware is carried on to a limited extent. A chapel of ease was erected in 1838, by subscription, aided by a grant from the Pastoral Aid Society ; the chaplain is appointed by the incumbent of Frensham, and his stipend is paid by the society. A school is supported by subscription. CHART, GREAT {St. Mary), a parish in the union of West Ashford, hundred of Chart and Long- bridge, Upper division of the lathe of Scray, E. divi- sion of Kent, 2 miles (W. by S.) from Ashford ; con- taining 714 inhabitants. This parish, called by the Saxons Syhertes Chert, and in Domesday book Certh, lies chiefly on the Quarry Hills, the southern part being within the Weald, the boundary of which runs east and west, to the north of the church. The town, which was burnt by the Danes, was anciently of some importance, having had a weekly market, and a great fair on the 5th of April, for sheep and oxen ; the market is disused, but the remains of the market-house were formerly visible in the field where the fair is still held. It has been reduced to a small village, which, from its elevated situation, commands an extensive and picturesque view of the surrounding country. On the 1st of May, 1580, a violent earthquake was felt here. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £25. 6. 0|., and in the patronage of the Archbishop of Canterbury : the tithes have been commuted for £700, and the glebe comprises 13 acres, and to which there is a glebe-house. There is a place of worship for Wes- leyans, A national school is supported by subscription ; and an almshouse, founded by Francis Toke, Esq., in 1583, was rebuilt in 1833. CHART, LITTLE {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of West Ashford, hundred of Calehill, Upper divi- sion of the lathe of Scray, E. division of Kent, 2 miles (S. W. by W.) from Charing ; containing 300 inhabit- ants. It comprises l607a. SQp., and the South- Eastern railway passes about three miles from the village. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 10. 10., and in the patronage of the Archbishop of Canterbury : the tithes have been com- muted for £400, and the glebe contains about 30 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church, which is ancient, contains some handsome monuments to the Darell family, and one to the memory of a descendant of Camden, the historian, which is remarkable for the elegance of the inscription. A school is principally sup- ported by Mrs. Darell. CHART, SUTTON {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Hollingbourn, hundred of Eyhorne, lathe CHAR CH AS of Aylesford, W. division of Kent, 5 miles (S. E. by S.) from Maidstone j containing 604 inhabitants. This parish, in Domesday book called Certh, is inter- sected from east to west by the Quarry, or northern range of hills, here forming the boundary of the Weald : the southern declivity, both from its genial aspect and the richness of the soil, is well adapted to the culture of vines. The parish comprises by measurement 2165 acres, the soil of which on the hills is light and spongy, and on the lower grounds clay ^ the land, excepting the pastures, is employed in the cultivation of fruit and hops. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 12. 8^., and in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of Rochester ; the glebe contains 8j acres. The church, which stands near Sutton- Valence, on the summit of the acclivity, upon which the village is built, was, with its beautiful spire, destroyed by lightning in 1779. but has been rebuilt j it formerly belonged to Leeds Priory, and was given, by Henry VIII., to Rochester Cathe- dral. CHARTERHOUSE-HINTON, county of Somerset. —See Hinton, Charterhouse. CHARTERHOUSE-on-Mendip, a district, in the union of Axbridge, and liberty of Wytham Friary, though locally in the hundred of Winterstoke, E. divi- sion of Somerset, 5-^ miles (E. N. E.) from Axbridge j containing 99 inhabitants. Here was a cell to the priory of Witham, which, as part of the possessions of that establishment, was granted away in the 36th of Henry VIII . A small school is p'artly supported by a private individual. CHARTERIDGE, a hamlet, in the parish of Ches- ham, union of Amersham, hundred of Burnham, county of Buckingham ; containing 404 inhabitants. CHARTHAM {St, Mary)^ a parish, in the union of Bridge, hundred of Felborough, Upper division of the lathe of Scray, E. division of Kent, 3 miles (S. W. by W.) from Canterbury ; containing, with the chapelry of Horton, 974 inhabitants. It comprises about 4400 acres, and is situated on the river Stour, over which, near the village, is an ancient structure of five arches, called Shalmsford Bridge. The manufacture of paper is carried on to a moderate extent, and there are also some seed-mills. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £41. 5. 10., and in the gift of the Archbishop of Canterbury : the tithes have been com- muted for £800, and there is a glebe of 34|: acres. The church is of early decorated architecture, with very fine windows, and some remains of richly stained glass ,* the roof is of wood and the tower of flint, both being of later date than the stone work. It contains a monu- mental arch and some old brasses, one in particular of Sir Robert Septvan, having the alee of the knight’s ar- mour, and in other respects peculiar ; and in the chancel lie the remains of Dr. John Reading, chaplain to Charles I., and author of some religious tracts. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans j and a national school has lately been established. Numerous tumuli, raised over, the slain in the decisive conflict between Caesar and Cassivelaunus, lie thickly scattered at the distance of about three-quarters of a mile from the church, on the road to Canterbury. CHARTINGTON.— See Cartington. CHARTLEY-HOLME, an extrarparochial liberty, in the S. division of the hundred of PiREHiLii, union 541 and N. division of the county of Stafford, 7^ miles (N. E. by E.) from Stafford ; containing 71 inhabitants. CHARWELTON {Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Daventry, hundred of Fawsley, S. division of the county of Northampton, 5 miles (S. W. by S.) from Daventry 5 containing 227 inhabitants. This place, partly bounded on the west by a portion of Warwick- shire, comprises by measurement 2258 acres, chiefly rich pasture land, with about 20 acres of wood ; it produces excellent gravel, and stone is quarried for agricultural purposes, and for common buildings. The river Cher- well, from which the place took its name, rises in the cellar of a farm-house in the parish, called Cherwell House 5 the village is intersected by the road from Da- ventry to Banbury. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £20. 2. 11.; net income, £582; patron. Sir Charles Knightley, Bart. The church con- sists, of a nave, with north and south aisles, and has a small side chapel ; the arches are in the early English style, and the tower is remarkably well built and pro- portioned ; the font is octagonal, and is a curious piece of workmanship ; the interior contains some good mo- numents of brass, and has a handsome one, of marble, to the memory of the Andrew family, the ancient pos- sessors of the manor-house. The village, now situated at the distance of three-quarters of a mile from the church, is supposed to have been originally adjoining it, which opinion is confirmed by traces of foundations discovered near the church. ^ CHASELEY {St, John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Tewkesbury, forming, with the parishes of Eldersfield and Staunton, a separate portion of the Lower division of the hundred of Pershore, Upton and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, 3 miles^ (S. W, by W.) from Tewkesbury ; containing 364 inha- bitants. The parish lies at the southern extremity of the county, and is bounded on the south-east by the river Severn, and on all other sides except the north- west, by the shire of Gloucester; it contains I68I acres, and the road from Upton to Gloucester passes along its western border. The living is a discharged perpetual curacy, valued in the king’s books at £5. 14. 7* ; pa- trons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of West- minster. The great tithes have been commuted for £327, and the vicarial for £177 j the glebe contains about one acre. The church is an ancient edifice, with a tower and spire. Thomas Tuberville, in 1728, be- queathed land, producing £14 per annum, for which children are taught. CHASEWATER.— See Chacewater. CHASTLETON {St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Chipping-Norton, hundred of Chadlington, county of Oxford, 5 miles (W. N. W.) from Chipping-Norton ; containing 239 inhabitants. The parish is memorable as the scene of a sanguinary conflict which took place, in 1016, between Edmund Ironside and Canute, when the latter was defeated with great slaughter. The manor an- ciently belonged to the family of Catesby, of which one of the members was principally concerned in the gunpowder plot, in the reign of James I. The manor-house is a handsome building, in the Elizabethan style. The parish comprises by computation 1650 acres, 1141 of which are pasture, 460 arable, and 25 woodland. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 0. 2j. ; net income, £336 ; patron, M. Adams, Esq. The church. CHAT CHAT is in the early English style, with an embattled tower of two stages, of which the lower is Norman. In the vicinity are vestiges of a Danish fortification. CHATBURN, a township, in the parish of Wh alley, union of Clitheroe, Higher division of the hundred of Blackburn, N. division of the county of Lancaster, ^2} miles (N. E. by E.) from Clitheroe ^ containing 500 inhabitants. This place is situated on a picturesque spot at the base of Pendle Mountain, on the road from Clitheroe to Skipton, and commands fine views of the castle of Clitheroe, and the vale of the Ribble : there are three limestone quarries. The living is a district incumbency 5 net income, £30 3 patron, the Yicar of Whalley. The church was built in 1837, and contains 364 sittings, of which 189 are free, the Incorporated Society having granted £250 in aid of the expense, which was £1622 5 it is a neat structure with a spire, in the early Norman style. There is a national school. CHATCULL, a township, in the parish of Eccles- HALL, union of Stone, N. division of the hundred of Pi RE HILL and of the county of Stafford 5 containing 68 inhabitants. CHATHAM (Sr.. Mary), a newly enfranchised bo- rough, market-town, and parish, and the head of the Medway union, partly within the Jurisdiction, and ad- joining the city, of Rochester, but chiefly in the hun- dred of Chatham and Gillingham, N. division of the lathe of Aylesford, W. division of Kent, 8 miles (N. by E.) from Maidstone, and ,30 {E^ by S.) from London 5 containing ^1,939 inhabitants. This place, anciently called Ceteham and Cettham, derives its name from the Saxon a cottage, and Ham, a village, and, till it . rose into importance as the seat of one of the principal naval arsenals in the kingdom, was only an inconsiderable village. Previously to the Conquest, the lord of the manor espoused the cause of Harold, and for his loyalty to that prince was, after the accession of William, deprived of his possessions, which were con- ferred upon Creveceeur, who accompanied the Conqueror to England. The town is situated on the south-east bank of the river Medway, and on the north side of Chatham Hill, and, though extensive, is irregularly built, partly from the nature of the ground, which, in every direction, is very hilly, and partly from the large space occupied by its vast naval establishments. The dock- yard for the royal navy was commenced in the reign of Elizabeth, when it occupied the site of the present ord- nance wharf, and was protected by Up nor Castle, which that queen caused to be erected for its defence : in 1 622, it was removed to its present situation, and greatly enlarged by Charles I., who erected capacious store- houses, and constructed new docks, to enable ships to float in with the tide. It was still further improved by Charles II., in whose reign the Dutch Admiral de Ruy- ter, having cast anchor at the Nore with fifty sale of the line, sent his vice-admiral. Van Ghent, with seventeen of his lightest vessels and eight fire-ships, to destroy the shipping in the river Medway : the vice-admiral attacked and took Sheerness, though gallantly defended by Sir Edward Spragge, blew up the fortifications, burnt the storehouses, &c., and, sailing up the Medway with six men of war and five fire-ships, came in front of Upnor Castle, at that time defended by Major Scot, whose warm reception of the assailant frustrated his attempt on Chatham. 542 The dock-yard occupies an extensive area, nearly a mile in length, inclosed on the land side by a high wall, and defended by strong fortifications, principally of modern erection ^ the entrance is through a spacious gateway, flanked by two embattled towers. The houses of the superintendent and the principal officers are apa- cious and handsome buildings, and the various offices in the several departments of the yard are neat and commodiously arranged- The numerous storehouses, one of which is 660 feet in length, contain an immense quantity of every article necessary for the building and equipment of ships of the largest dimensions, all dis- posed with such order and exactness, that upon any emergency a first-rate man of war may be equipped for sea in a few days. The mast-house is 240 feet in length, and 1€0 feet wide 5 and the new rope-house 1110 in length, and 50 wide. At the north-eastern extremity of the dock-yard are the saw-mills, erected on a very ex- tensive scale, under the superintendence of Mr. Brunei, at an expense of nearly £57,000, and worked with pow- erful machinery propelled by steam. To the north of the mills is a canal, which, on entering the rising ground, passes under a tunnel 300 feet long, into an elliptic basin, from which the timber, having been floated from the river, is raised by machinery with extraordi- nary velocity. Gorinected with the steam-engine of the saw-mills are extensive water-works, for the supply of the dock-yard, the infantry and marine barracks, and Melville hospital. There are four wet docks sufficiently capacious for first-rate men of war, two of which, re- cently constructed, are of stone, besides two others for smaller vessels. There are six slips or launches, for building ships of the largest dimensions j and among the many fine vessels launched from this dock-yard may be enumerated some of the first-rate men of war in the royal navy. In time of war the number of artificers and labourers employed exceeds 3000. Within the walls is a neat brick chapel, erected in 1811, at an expense of £9000. The ordnance wharf occupies a narrow site of land between the church and the river, to the west of the dock-yard, and is still called the Old Dock. A large building has been erected in the dock-yard for the grind- ing of paint, and the rolling and smelting of lead by steam. Prior to the year I76O, the defence of the arsenal was entrusted principally to guard-ships in the river, to forts on its banks, especially at Sheerness, to Upnor Castle, built by ftueen Elizabeth, and to a small fort below Gillingham, erected by Charles 1. ^ but in 1/58, an act of parliament w'as passed for the erection of such works as might be requisite for more perfect security, under the provisions of which act the extensive fortifications, called the Lines, were constructed. These works commence above the ordnance wharf, on the bank of the Medway, and are continued round an area one mile in extent from south to north, and half a mile from west to east v{including the church of Chatham, the village of Bromp- ton, which is principally inhabited by the artificers in the yard and the barracks, magazines, &c.), to beyond the northern extremity of the dock-yard, where they again meet the river^ These fortifications were enlarged during the American war, and strengthened by the erec- tion of a strong redoubt on the summit of an eminence commanding the river j and in 1782, an act was pro- cured for their further improvement, under which con- CHAT CHAT siderable additions have been made to the Lines, which now^ constitute, next to Portsmouth, the most complete and' regular fortification in the kingdom. Forts Pitt and Clarence, two strong redoubts flanking the southern ext’mmity of the Lines, are situated on the heights over- looking the town, and commanding the upper part of the river j since the conclusion of the war, the former has been used as an hospital for invalids, and the latter as an asylum for lunatics. The lower, or marine bar- raclks, adjoining the upper extremity of the dock-yard, coijisist of a uniform range of brick building, inclosing a spa'cious quadrangle : the upper barracks are also neatly bui|t of brick, and are extensive and commodious. The new\ artillery barracks, in Brompton, built in 1804, are a fii^e range, forming three sides of a quadrangle, and containing apartments for the officers, lodgings for 1200| men, and requisite stabling ; the open side of the 4^adrangle commands a good view of the Med- way In the foreground, and of the Thames in the dis- tance. The artillery hospital, a neat building, erected in 1809, contains wards for one hundred patients. The TOWN was much improved under the provisions of an act passed in 1772, for paving and lighting it, but the strefets are still narrow and inconvenient for carriages. A PJiilosophical and Literary Institution was established in rS27, the members of which have spacious premises ; and a Mechanics’ Institute was opened in 1837. There are jtwo subscription libraries, one the United Service library, and the other the Marine library ^ and a Horti- cultural Society was lately formed for Rochester, Chat- ham), and the vicinity. Races are held in August, on the jextensive plain without the Lines. The market is on Saturday : fairs, for three days each, were held on May 15th and Sept. IQth, but have fallen into disuse. Chg^tham is partly within the jurisdiction of the county magistrates, and partly included in the limits of the city of Rochester : it is also within the jurisdiction of a couii^t of requests held at Rochester, for the recovery of debis under £5. By the act of the ^nd of William IV., capl. 45, it was constituted a borough, with the privilege of s^sending a member to parliament j the right of elec- tion. is vested in the £10 householders of a district com- prising 1670 acres 3 the returning officer is appointed by the sheriff for the county. The parish, exclusively of the ground whereon the towti is built, comprises 3960 acres, of which the surface is iii general broken and hilly, and the soil a thin chalky earth 3 there are considerable tracks of woodland in dif- ferent parts. The living is a perpetual curacy, with the chapel of St. John annexed 3 net income, £961 3 patrbns and appropriators, Dean and Chapter of Ro- chest^er. The parochial church is a neat plain structure of brick : the original edifice having been destroyed by fire, iat the commencement of the fourteenth century, a new one was built under the sanction of a bull from the pope, who granted an indulgence of one year and forty days! to all who should contribute to the work 3 in 1635 it w^s repaired and enlarged, and the steeple was rebuilt by the commissioners of the royal navy 3 in I788, the body of the church was taken down and rebuilt of brick upon a larger scale, and the churchyard being found too smaiy, the Board of Ordnance gave three acres of ground, at a short distance from the church, for a cemetery^ which was consecrated in 1828. St. John’s church, of the Grecian Doric order, with a tower, and containing 1 624 543 sittings, of which 1090 are free, was completed in 1821, at an expense of nearly £15,000, by grant of the Par- liamentary Commissioners : the living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the incumbent of Chatham. The living of the dock-yard chapel is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Lords of the Admiralty. There are places of worship for Baptists, Independents, Primi- tive and Wesleyan Methodists, and Unitarians, also a Jews’ synagogue. The Rochester and Chatham Com- mercial and Mathematical School” was instituted in 1827 j the building, which was opened on Oct. 1st, 1828, is situated on the Chatham and Maidstone road, and was erected at an expense of £1600. A national school, chiefly supported by subscription, has an endowment of about £6. 13. 4., arising from tenements bequeathed by Mrs. Elizabeth Petty, in 1723. The Congregational Dissenters have a small school of industry for girls 3 and there are an infants’ school and several Sunday schools, supported by voluntary contributions. Melville or Marine hospital is a handsome range of building adjacent to the dock-yard, begun in 1827, and finished in the following year, at an expense of £70,000, for the use of the whole naval department y it is built of brick and stuccoed. St. Bartholomew’^s Hospital was originally founded, in 1078, by Gundulph, Bishop of Rochester, as a lazar-house : the estate has been invested in the Dean of RochCvSter, who is governor and patron : the institu- tion consists of five persons, the patron or master, and four brethren, two in holy orders, the other two being the town-clerk of Rochester and another layman. An hospital for decayed mariners and shipwrights was founded by Sir John Hawkins, in 1592 3 it consists of twelve dwellings, A fund, commonly called the chest,” for the relief of sailors wffia have been disabled in the service, was established by Sir Francis Drake and Sir John Hawkins, Knts., in 1588, when, after the defeat of the Spanish Armada, the seamen of the royal navy agreed to contribute a portion of their pay for the relief of their distressed brethren : this chest was removed to the royal hospital at Greenwich in 1802. The Medway poor law union, of which Chatham is the head, contains a population of 36,590. Numerous Roman remains were discovered in forming the fortifications. Chatham gave the title of Earl to the family of Pitt, now ex- tinct. CHATHILL, a township, in the parish of Elling- HAM, union of Belford, S. division of Bam b rough ward, N. division of Northumberland, 9 ^ miles (N. by E.) from Alnwick 3 containing 18 inhabitants. It is a small township, situated a little distance north-east from Ellingham, near the road between Alnwick and Bel- ford3 and consists of a few cottages, and of farming ground. CHATLEY, a hamlet, in the parish of Great Leighs, union of Chelmsford, hundred of With am, N. division of Essex, 4 miles (S. by W.) from Braintree 3 contain- ing 563 inhabitants. This place extends for some dis- tance on each side of the road to Chelmsford. An ancient hermitage, called St. Ann’s, is now an inn. CHATSWORTH, a hamlet, in the union of Bake- well, hundred of High Peak, N. division of the county of Derby, miles (E. N. E.) from Bakewell 5 contain- ing, with the township of Edensor, 379 inhabitants. The magnificent mansion of Chatsworth, the property and princely residence of the Duke of Devonshire, was y CHAT CHAW begun in 1687, and completed in 17 O 6 , by William Cavendish^ first Duke of Devonshire, upon the site of a more ancient edifice, in which Mary, Queen of Scots, passed a considerable portion of her long captivity. Sir John Gell garrisoned it for the parliament in 1643, but capitulated to the Earl of Newcastle, who placed in it Colonel Eyre, with a sufficient force, to hold it for the king. In 1645, it withstood the siege of 400 par- liamentarians under Colonel Gell, who, at the expiration of fourteen days, raised the siege, and retired to Derby. After the battle of Blenheim, in 1704, Marshal Tallard, the French general, having been made prisoner on that occasion, was sent to reside here. On the 1 st of Decem- ber, 1843, Her Majesty, her royal consort, and the court, visited the Duke of Devonshire, at Chatsworth, where they remained until the 4th. CHATTERIS (St. Peter and St. Paul)^ a parish, in the union and hundred of North Witchford, Isle of Ely, county of Cambridge, 8f miles (E. by N.) from Ramsey ^ containing 4813 inhabitants. This place, which is situated near the river Ouse, is of great antiquity, and in 980 , a Benedictine nunnery was founded here, and endowed by Alfwen, wife of Eail Ethelstan, and sister of Ednod, first abbot of Ramsey, who was raised to the see of Dorchester, and was murdered hy the Danes in 1016 : the nunnery continued to flourish till the Dis- solution, when its revenue was estimated at £112. 3. 6 . The parish comprises 13,454a. 26p., of which about 3000 acres are upland and dry, and the remainder, with the exception of the site of the village, flat, but well drained 3 the soil is gravel, alternated with sand and clay, of which last excellent bricks are made : consider- able improvement, both in the agriculture and in the soil, has taken place since the inclosure in 1812. Chat- teris is a franchise under the Bishop of Ely, vs^ho holds a court leet for appointing officers in a house called the Guildhall, given to the parish, with other premises and lands, producing together nearly £70 per annum, which are distributed amongst infirm old men and widows. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10 3 net income, £13703 patron and incumbent, Rev. Dr. Chatfield : impropriator, Charles Cholmondeley, Esq. The tithes were commuted for land and corn-rents, under the inclosure act : there is a good glebe-house. There are places of worship for Particular Baptists and Wes- leyans 5 and national schools. At Hunny farm are the subterraneous remains of. a chapel, supposed to have contained the bones of St. Huna. In 1757, on opening a tumulus near Somersham Ferry, several human skele- tons, military weapons, an urn, and a glass vase, were found. CHATTERLEY, a township, in the parish of Wol- STANTON, union of WoLSTANTON and Burslem, N. di- vision of the hundred of Pirehill, and of the county of Stafford, 2 miles (N.) from Newcastle 3 containing 374 inhabitants. It includes the ancient vills of Dims- dale and Bradwell, and comprises 1563 acres. CHATTISHAM (All Saints and St. Margaret), a parish, in the incorporation and hundred of Samford, E. division of Suffolk, 5j miles (E. by N.) from Ips- wich 3 containing 215 inhabitants, and comprising 713a. 3r. 7p. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £4. 13. 5 . 5 patrons and appropria- tors, Provost and Fellows of Eton College. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for £142. 10., and the glebe 544 comprises 21 acres, to which there is a glebe-ho^use. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A scho ol is partly supported by the curate 3 and there is an endow- ment of £ 6 . 6 . per annum, for teaching six boys at Hin- tlesham school. \ CHATTON (Holy Cross), a parish, in the unioh of Glendale, E. division of Glendale ward, N. division of Northumberland, 4 miles (E.) from WooleiL on the road to Belford 3 containing 1725 inhabitants. This parish, which is intersected by the river Till, comprises by measurement 15,830 acres, whereof 7035 are arafble, 8311 pasture, and 484 woodland 3 it abounds with li/me- stone and coal, the working of which affords emp/ioy- ment to a considerable number of the population 5 / the latter is chiefly for home consumption. Clay of ^ood quality is found for making bricks and tiles, which is carried on to a moderate extent 3 and there are several quarries of freestone of excellent quality for building. A large fair is held at Weetwood Bank, on the third Tuesday in May, for all kinds of stock, and also for cloth, shoes, hardware, and various other articles. \ The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at i£ 12 . 16. 0 J. 3 net income, £ 1 Q 8 5 patron, Duke of Northum- berland 3 impropriators, Earl of Tankerville and others. The church was rebuilt about 1763. A parochial sc)hool is supported by quarterly fees from the parents of^ the children. A curious stone coffin was discovered in the ) churchyard a few years since, while digging a gravej and which has been placed in the chancel of the church 3 it contained some human bones, pieces of armour, and a coin of Robert Bruce. There are vestiges of encamp- ments in various parts of the parish 3 and numerous fossils are found in the limestone quarries. | CHAWLEY, a tithing, in the parish of Cumi^er, union of Abingdon, hundred of Hormer, countjy of Berks, 5^ miles (N. N. W.) from Abingdon 3 contaihing 94 inhabitants. ) CHAWLEY (St. James), a parish, in the uniqn of Crediton, hundred of North Tawton, South Melton and N. divisions of Devon, 2 miles (S. E. by E.) from Chulmleigh 3 containing 850 inhabitants. Fairs | for cattle are held on May 6 th and Dec. 11 th. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £25. 14. 2. 31 net income, £455 3 patron, Hon. N. Fellowes. The chdrch has a low steeple covered with oak shingles, and cont/ains some elegant screen-work. A parochial school is jsup- ported by subscription. 1 CHAWSON, a hamlet, in the parish of Roxton, hundred of Barford, union and county of Bedford 3 containing 195 inhabitants. * CHAWTON (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union, and hundred of Alton, Alton and N. divisions pf the county of Southampton, Ij mile (S. S. W.) from Alton 3 containing 460 inhabitants. This parish, which cohsists by computation of 2600 acres, whereof several hundred are rich woodland, is situated in a district abounding with picturesque scener)^ 3 it comprises a beautiful and fertile valley, watered by numerous springs that Occa- sionally spread over the adjacent lands, and withip its limits is one of the sources of the river Wey. Aboiit 20 acres are planted with hops, which thrive well 3 and there is a quarry of stone, used for building walls and cottages. The village, through which the high road passes, con- tains several handsome houses. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 5. 5., and in the gift C H E A CHE A of Edward Knight, Esq. : the tithes have been com- muted for £500, and the glebe comprises JO acres, with a glebe-house. The church, which was enlarged in 1839 at an expense of £900, contains a handsome monument to Sir Richard Knight. A national school, for which an appropriate building was erected in 1840, is supported by subscription, and there are two schools partly main- tained by private charity. CHEADLE {St. Matthew,) a parish, partly in the union of Stockport, and partly in that of Altrinc- ham, hundred of Macclesfield, N. division of the county of Chester, 7 miles (S.) from Manchester •, con- taining 10,145 inhabitants, of whom 5463 are in Cheadle- Buikeley, 2288 in Cheadle-Moseley, and 2394 in Hand- forth with Boxden. The parish comprises by measure- ment 5469 acres, chiefly arable and pasture land ; the village, situated near the Bollin, is remarkable for the beauty and salubrity of its situation, and its neat appear- ance. The chief employment of the inhabitants is in the spinning, bleaching, and printing of cotton. The Manchester and Birmingham railway passes through Cheadle-Bulkeley, and the Macclesfield branch diverges from it there. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 0. 7^. j iiet income, £635 5 patron, H. D. Broughton, Esq. The church is principally in the later English style, with side aisles and a tower, and contains some monuments of the Brereton and Bulkeley families. Parts of the screen- work in one of the chapels, and the roof of the chancel, are supposed to belong to a church much older ; the date of 1369 can be traced. A chapel, dedicated to St. Chad, containing 250 sittings, has been built, at Handforth, in the later English style, at the cost of £850. There are places of worship for Methodists and Roman Catholics. A school at Cheadle- Moseley, built by subscription, was endowed by Mr. J. Robinson, in 1785, with three acres of land. CHEADLE {St. Giles), a market-town and parish, and the head of a union, in the S. division of the hun- dred of Totmonslow, N. division of the county of Stafford, 14 miles (N. N. E.) from Stafford, and 147 miles (N. W. by N.) from London j containing 4399 inhabitants. This place is situated in a valley environed by hills, which, though formerly barren, have been planted with forest-trees, and have assumed the appearance of verdure and cultivation. The town, which is intersected by the roads from Newcastle to Ashbourn, and from Leek to Uttoxeter, consists of one principal and four smaller streets : the houses in the main street have, for the most part, been either rebuilt or modernised of late years, and appear substantial and roomy : the inhabit- ants are supplied with water from a rivulet, called Cicely’s Brook, and from springs and pumps. Tape, copper, and brass works are extensively carried on in the town and neighbourhood : copper-ore has been discovered, but not in sufficient quantity to repay the expense of working it; and the vicinity abounds with coal. The Caldon branch of the Trent and Mersey canal passes within four miles of the town, by Oakamoor, the chief seat of the copper and brass works. The market is on Friday : a small square has been recently appropriated for the market- place. The fairs are on Holy-Thursday and Aug. 21st, for cattle. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 9 . 2. ; net income, £438; patrons. Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge. The old church, which was principally in the decorated English VoL. I.— 545 style, with a square embattled tower crowned by pinna- cles, and, though much mutilated and disfigured by alter- ations, retained some features of its original character, has been lately taken down, and a new church on a much larger scale, containing 1480 sittings, erected by subscription, aided by the Incorporated and Diocesan Societies. A chapel of ease has also been lately built at Oakamoor, containing nearly 500 sittings, of which 304 are free, the Incorporated Society having granted £300 towards the expense. There are places of worship for Independents, Wesleyans, the New Connexion of Me- thodists, or Kilhamites, and Roman Catholics. A school was founded, in 1685, by Mr. Stubbs, who endowed it with a rent-charge of £20 ; and to this the trustees of Mr. Andrew Newton added £30, the interest of which is paid to the master. Mr. Fowler, in 1663, gave a rent- charge of £6 ; Mr. Charles Beech, in 1/26, bequeathed £26 per annum ; and Mrs. Frances Grosvenor, of Hale Hall, in IJ^J, gave a rent-charge of £10, all for distri- bution among the poor. The union of Cheadle com- prises 15 places, and contains a population of 17>859. CHE AM {St. Dunstan), a parish, in the union of Epsom, Second division of the hundred of Walltngton, E. division of Surrey, ij mile (N. E. by E.) from Ewell; containing 1109 inhabitants. This parish comprises the districts of Lower and North Cheam, the latter of which is situated on the high road from London to Worthing. The manor anciently belonged to the Lumley family, of whom one of the descendants sold his collection of books to James I., which laid the foundation of the royal library now in the British Museum. About half a mile to the south-west of the village was the magnificent palace of Nonsuch, the erection of which was commenced by Henry VIII., and completed by Henry, Earl of Arun- del ; it became the favourite seat of Queen Elizabeth, and was kept up as a royal residence, till the decapitation of Charles I., after which it came into the possession of Algernon Sydney, and, at the Restoration, w^as granted to the Duchess of Cleveland, who pulled down the building, and disparked the land. The parish comprises by admea.surement 1894u. 3r. 6p., of which nearly 1200 acres are arable, 581 meadow and pasture, and 14 wood. A vein. of clay is found of excellent quality for making casting-moulds, and for tobacco-pipes, of which there is a manufactory ; and a pottery, chiefly for chimney and flower-pots, affords employment to several hands. The LIVING is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £17. 5. 5., and in the patronage of St. John’s College, Oxford : the tithes have been commuted for £625, and the glebe comprises 26 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church, an ancient and spacious edifice, was, with the exception of the tower, rebuilt of brick in 1740; the chancel contains several monuments to the Lumleys. Schools on the national system, erected in 1826, on a site given by Mr. Palmer, who also contributed largely to their erection, are supported by subscription. Mr. Pierson bequeathed lands producing £14 per annum to the poor. Sir Edmund Yates, Knt., many years one of the justices of the king’s bench and common pleas, noticed with eulogium by Junius in his letters, resided and was interred here ; and Bishop Watson was also buried in the parish, of which he had been rector. Of six successive rectors, from 1581 to 1662, five became bishops, viz., Watson, Andrews, Mountain, Senhouse, and Hackett. 4 A e H E c C H E D CHE APSIDES, an extra- parochial libert}’', in thn union of Howden', wapentake of Howdenshire, E. riding of York, 5^ miles (E.) from Howden 3 contain- ing 47 inhabitants. This place, which adjoins Scalby, comprises about 10 acres, being cottages, and plots, of land attached to them, on Walling fen, built and in- closed previously to the general inolosure. CHEARSLEY {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union, of Aylesbury, hundred of Ashendon, county of Buck- ingham, 3^ miles (N. N. E.) from Thame 5 containing 308 inhabitants. The parish is supposed to have been, the scene of a battle which Cerdic and Cynric fought with the Britons, in 6^7/nientioned in the Saxon Chro- nicle as having occurred at Cerdicesleagh : it comprises by measurement 914 acres, about two-thirds of which are arable, and the rest pasture. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of Miss Grubbe 5 net income, £46. CHEBSEY (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Stone, S. division of the hundred of Pirehill, N. division of the county of Stafford, 2 miles (E. by S.) from Eccleshall 3 containing, with the township of Cold- Norton, 442 inhabitants. The Grand Junction railway passes through the parish. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 7- 6. 3 net income, £211 5 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Lichfield. In the churchyard was formerly a tall pyra- midal stone, supposed to be the memorial of a bishop anciently slain near this place. CHECKENDON (St. Peter and St. Paul), a pa- rish, in the union of Henley, hundred of Langtree, county of Oxford, 7i miles (W.) from Henley-on- Thames 3 containing 398 inhabitants. The number of acres is 3023, of which 2158a. Sr. SQp- are titheable 3 about 746 are beech woods. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19. 9. 4^., and in the patronage of University College, Oxford : the tithes have been commuted for £560, and the glebe comr- prises 117f acres. The church is a highly interesting edifice, in the Norman style, with a circular east end and a low embattled tower : there are two fine Norman arches, with columns having highly enriched capitals 3 and on the floor are two ancient brasses, dated respec- tively 1404 and 1424, with engraved effigies. In the chancel is a curious old monument to the memory of Christiana, wife of Richard Braybrook, Esq., who died in 16293 also a monument to the memory of T. Stam yan. Esq., author of a History of Greece, who died in 1751. Schools are supported by private charity. CHECKLEY, with Wrinehill, a township, in the parish of Wybunbury, union and hundred of Nant- wiCH, S. division of the county of Chester, 7 miles (8. E. by E.) from Nantwich 3 containing 213 inhabitants. CHECKLEY (St. Mary and All Saints), a parish, in the union of Cheadle, S. division of the hundred of Totmonslow, N. division of the county of Stafford, 4 miles (S. S. E.) from Cheadle 3 containing, with part of the township of Foxt, 2322 inhabitants. It is inter- sected by the Grand Junction railway, and comprises by measurement 6034 acres, of which 4700 are meadow and pasture, about 850 arable, and 390 woodland i A large tape-manufactory, supposed to be one of the most extensive in Europe, established in 1748, affords em- ployment to a great portion of the population. A fair is held on Easter-Tuesday. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £20. 2. 6. 3 net income, 54a £576 3 patrons, the Hutchinson family. The church is an ancient structure, and contains a fine marble tomb, with recumbent figures. A church has been built at Upper Tean, in the parish, by subscription, in the later English style, the site of which was given by the late patron of the living, and which was endowed by the rector, the Rev. William Hutchinson, with £50 per an- num from the tithes. There are places of worship for Independents and Wesley ans 3 and infants’, day, and Sunday schools are supported by the proprietors of the tape - manufactory. GHEDBURGH {All Saints), a parish, in the union of TniNGOE, hundred of Risbridge, W. division of Suffolk, 6^ miles (S. W.) from Bury-St. Edmund’s 3 containing 284 inhabitants, and comprising 566a. Ir. 16^. The living is a discharged rectory, united to that of Ickworth, and valued in the king’s books at £4. 2. 8|. : the tithes have been commuted for £143. 2., and the glebe consists of nearly 28 acres. The church is a small structure, with an eastern window in the decorated style 5 a chancel was built by subscription in 1839, and in 1840 a beautiful tower and spire were added by the Marquess of Bristol, in the early English style. The Hon. William Hervey, in 1812, bequeathed property for the endowment of a school, for which a house has been built at the expense of the Marquess of Bristol. CHEDDER {St. Andrew) a parish, in the union of Axbridge, hundred of Winterstoke, E. division of Somerset, 2| miles (E. S. E.) from Axbridge 5 contain- ing 2325 inhabitants. This place is of considerable an- tiquity, having been the occasional residence of the Saxon monarchs, and in the possession of Alfred the Great, who bequeathed his hunting- seat at Chedder, together with his hrugge of Ax, and the wet moor, now Nedmore, to his son. The name is generally deduced from Ced, a brow or height, and Dwr, water 5 a broad, clear, and rapid stream flows through the parish, on which are some paper-mills. The surface comprises, 6697«. 3r. 24p., of which about 1140 acres are arable, 3136 meadow and pasture, 159 woodlands, and 2261 sheep-walks. Chedder Cliff, a vast chasm more than a mile in length, and appearing as if the mountain had been rent by an earthquake from the summit to the base, exhibits a combination of rocky precipices and gloomy caverns, some of the rocks towering 800 feet above the level of the valley. The principal cavern is about 100 feet high at the entrance, and afterwards sinks 300 feet beneath the rocks, branching out into several collateral apartments, and producing a perfect and pleasing echo : the sides and roof are covered with stalactites that have assumed a variety of fanciful forms. The village con- sists of three or four irregular streets, in one of which stands a dilapidated hexagonal market-cross : it was once a considerable market-town, the grant having been made to Joceline, Bishop of Wells, in the 19th of Henry HI., but it is now principally celebrated for its excellent cheese. Several of the inhabitants are employed in the manufacture of paper, the tanning of leather, and the knitting of worsted stockings 3 and fairs for horned- cattle and sheep are held on May 4th and October 29th. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £23. 16. 8. 3 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Wells : the appropriate and vicarial tithes have been commuted for £400 each, and the glebe con- sists of 41 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The C H E D C H E D church is a large and handsome structure, with a square tower 100 feet high, surmounted by pinnacles. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. In 1751, Sarah Comer bequeathed £6052 three per cents., producing a dividend of £181. 11. 4., which is applied to the in- struction and the relief of the poor. A Sunday school was supported for 40 years, by the celebrated Mrs. Hannah More. CHEDDINGTON {St, Giles), a parish, in the union of Leighton-Buzzard, hundred of Cottesme, county of Buckingham, 4^ miles (N. W.) from Tring j con- taining, with part of Seabrook hamlet, 439 inhabitants. The parish comprises by computation 1389 acres, of which 1023 are arable, 215 meadow and pasture, and 140 common. The London and Birmingham railway passes about a mile to the east of the village, and near this place also the branch railway to Aylesbury com- mences. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £15. 9. 7-, and in the patronage of the Coun- tess of Bridgewater : the tithes have been commuted for £300, and the glebe contains 81 acres, to which there is a glebe-hoiise : a rent-charge of £16. 10. per annum is paid to the rector of Cublington, and £5 to an impro- priator. A small school is supported by voluntary con- tributions. CHEDDLETON (St, Edward)., a parish, in the union of Cheadle, N. division of the hundred of To/r- MONSLOw and of the county of Stafford, 3 miles (S. by W.) from Leek 5 comprising the townships of Basford, Cunsall, and Rownall, and containing 1824 inhabitants, of whom 808 are in the township of Ched- dleton. The Caldon branch of the Trent and Mersey canal, and the Uttoxeter canal, pass through the parish : the latter terminates near the village. Here are coal and lime wharfs, a silk-throwing mill, and a brewery. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £160 j patron and incumbent. Rev. Edward Powys. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. At a field near Ferry Hill is the shaft of a very ancient cross, eleven feet high, standing on three circular stone steps. In 1724, James Whitehall bequeathed £200 for teaching children, and £30 to build a schoolroom, to which charity John Bagnall gave a rent- charge of £5. CHEDDON-FITZPAINE {St. Mary Magdalene), a parish, in the union of Taunton, hundred of Taun- ton and Taunton-Dean, W. division of Somerset, 3 miles (N. by E.) from Taunton j containing 357 in- habitants. The parish is situated on the river Tone, by which it is bounded on the south, and the Taunton and Bridgwater canal passes through it; it comprises by measurement 945 acres, of which about 538 are arable, 327 meadow, and 43 orchards. The living is a rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 10. 10. 5 patron and incumbent. Rev. F. Warre : the tithes have been commuted for £325, and the glebe comprises 89 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. A school is supported by some small bequests. CHEDGLOW, a hamlet, in the parish of Crud- WELL, union and hundred of Malmesbury, Malmes- bury and Ringswood, and N. divisions of Wilts 3 con- taining 55 inhabitants. CHEDGRAVE {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Loddon and Clavering, hundred of Loddon, E. division of Norfolk, 1 mile (N. by W.) from Loddon 3 containing 348 inhabitants. It comprises by computa- 547 tion 1432 acres, of which 492 are arable, 822 pasture, and 92 woodland. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 6. 8., and in the gift of Sir W. B. Proctor, Bart. : the tithes have been com- muted for £220, and the glebe comprises 6 acres. The church is chiefly in the decorated style, and has a low square tower at the north-east end 3 the interior was repewed in 1819, and ornamented with a handsome eastern window of stained glass, by the Rev. T. H. W. Beauchamp ; the entrances on the north and south are through richly -decorated Norman doorways. CHEDINGTON {St. James), a parish, in the union and hundred of Beaminster, Bridport division of Dor- set, 4 miles (N. by E.) from Beaminster 3 containing 186 inhabitants. The parish comprises 773a. 2r. 25p., and is separated from that of Beaminster by the river Axe, which rises within its limits 3 the surface is ex- tremely irregular, rising into numerous hills, with scarce! V a level field within its bounds ; the hills are composed of a hard durable fossil rock, and afford rich and extensive views. The river Parret rises within the parish, and, with the Axe, adds greatly to the fertility and beauty of the district. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 8. 4., and in the gift of William Trevelyan Cox, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £128. 10., and the glebe comprises 46f acres, with a glebe -house. The church is a handsome edifice, erected on a new site, in 1840, chiefly at the expense of Mr. Cox, lord of the manor. A parochial school is supported by subscription. On one of the hills in the parish are the remains of aiRoman encamp- ment, and in the fields below it, is the site of a Roman villa. The Rev. Thomas Hare, translator of Horace, was rector. CHEDISTON {St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Blything, E. division of Suffolk, 2 miles (W.) from Halesworth 3 containing 433 inha- bitants, and comprising 2378a. 34p. The living is a discharged vicarage, united to the rectory of Hales- worth, and valued in the king’s books at £6. 7* b. : the impropriate tithes have been commuted for £230, and the vicarial for £13. 14. 6. 3 the glebe comprises 6l| acres. The church is chiefly in the perpendicular style, consisting of a nave and chancel, with a lady chapel on the north 3 it has an embattled tower, and contains a font of Caen stone, curiously sculptured. An alms- house was, in 1575, vested in trustees, by Henry Clax- ton, for three poor families. CHEDWORTH {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Northleach, hundred of Rapsgate. E. divi- sion of the county of Gloucester, 4§ miles (W. S. W.) from Northleach 3 containing 983 inhabitants. It com- prises by computation 5000 acres, the soil of which is chiefly light, and good barley land. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at .£7. 8. 4., and in the patronage of Queen’s College, Oxford : the vica- rial tithes have been commuted for £278. 7.^ with a glebe of 110 acres, and the impropriate for two rent- charges, one,, amounting to £371. 2., payable to the master, and the other, £185. 11., to the usher, of North- leach grammar school 3 the masters also have 1 18^ acres of glebe. The church contains a handsome stone pulpit, and is supposed to have been built in the reign of Henry VI. In 176O, a Roman hypocaust was dis- covered at Lestercomb Bottom, in the parish, with a 4 A 2 C H E E CHEL brick floor and pillars, a spring, and a cistern, the bricks of which bore the inscription arvirV On a hill a little above is a large tumulus, in which, on the removal of a stone set upright at its mouth, a great quantity of human bones was exposed. Chedworth gave the title of Baron to the family of Howe, which became' extinct on the death of John, Lord Chedworth, in 1804. CHEDZOY {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Bridgwater, hundred of North Petherton, W. divi- sion of Somerset, miles (E. by N.) from Bridg- water 5 containing 507 inhabitants. It is situated about a mile and a quarter from the Bath and Exeter road, and comprises 1655«. 2r. S6p. : the soil is rather of a sandy nature,"^ but tolerably fertile. The river Parret, which runs through Bridgwater, affords facility for the conveyance of coal , and the Bristol and Exeter railway is within three miles of the village. The living is a rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £38. 7* 11*^ and in the gift of the Rev. Richard James Luscombe : the tithes have been commuted for £380, and the glebe comprises 30 acres, to which there is a glebe-house : a rent-charge of £2 is paid to the Bishop of Bath and Wells. The church is an ancient spacious cruciform structure, in the Norman style, with a lofty square embattled tower, and a north and south porch, over the latter of which is the date 1579. A school is supported by the rector and lord of the manor. Roman coins have frequently been discovered; and, in l?0l, some earthen urns and a fibula were dug up near the church. CHEESEBURN- GRANGE, a township, in the pa- rish of Stamfordham, union of Castle ward, N. E. dhdsion of Tindale ward, S. division of Northumber- land, 12 miles (N. W. by W.) from Newxastle-upon- Tyne ; containing 56 inhabitants. The township, an- ciently called Chyseburgh, is situated on the river Pont, and comprises 795^^. 2r. 39p. of high flat table land, upon a substratum of blue mountain limestone : it is the property of Edward Riddell, Esq., high sheriff for the county in 1841, to whose ancestor the estate passed, in the female line, from Sir Thomas Widdrington, its former possessor. Mr. Riddell has a beautiful seat here, which has been much improved, a,nd attached to the mansion is a Roman Catholic chapel. The New- castle and Carlisle railway passes within a distance of six miles. The township having been annexed to the abbey at Hexham, it is free from the payment of large tithes : the vicarial tithes have been commuted for £8. 13. 1., and lOs. are payable to the Bishop of Durham. CHEETHAM, a chapelr}^ in the parish of Man- chester, hundred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 2 miles (N. by W.) from Man- chester ; containing 6082 inhabitants, including the district of St. Luke. This chapelry, comprehending the township of Crumpsall and a portion of Cheetham and Broughton, and generally called Cheetham Hill, com- prises about 750 acres, and is situated on the banks of the river Irwell, and on the road to Bury, The living is a perpetual curacy ; patron, impropriator, and incum- bent, Rev. C. W. Ethelston, who built the chapel, dedi- cated to St. Mark, a plain brick edifice, in 1794 : the tithes have been commuted for £187. 10. A district church, dedicated to St. Luke, has been erected on a plot of ground given by Lord Ducie, and was conse- 548 crated in October 1839 5 it has 1500 sittings, of which 500 are free ; and the perpetual right ot presentation is vested in the subscribers, who received for every £25 a pew, containing five sittings, rent-free for ever. There are two meeting-houses for Wesleyans, with a burial- ground and a school attached to one of them ; also a place of w^orship for Associated Methodists. A school for girls is supported by subscription, as is also a day and Sunday school. CHELBOROUGH, EAST, or Luccombe, a parish, in the union of Beaminster, hundred of Tollerford, Sherborne division of Dorset, 16 miles (N. W.) from Dorchester ; containing 96 inhabitants. The parish was anciently called Lucombe, and East Chelborough was a hamlet within its limits. It comprises 948a. Ir., of which about 258 acres are arable, 594 pasture, 62 wood and plantation, and 23 orchard and garden ground. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 8 , and in the gift of the Rev. Blakeley Cooper : the tithes have been commuted for £ 160 , and the glebe comprises 110 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. CHELBOROUGH, WEST, a parish, in the union of Beaminster, hundred of Tollerford, Sherborne divi- sion of Dorset, 2| miles (W. N. W.) from Evershot ; containing 58 inhabitants, and consisting of 578«* 3r. 28p. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 15. 7i-, and in the gift of Lord Rolle and John Bragge, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £82, and the glebe comprises 29 i acres. CHELDON (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of South Molton, hundred of Withe ridge, South Mol- ton and N. divisions of Devon, 4 miles (E. by S.) from Chulmleigh ; containing 90 inhabitants, and consisting by estimation of 1012 acres. There are quarries of stone, which is chiefly used for the roads. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 18. 6 ^., and in the patronage of the Hon. N. Fel- lowes : the tithes have been commuted for £77, and the glebe comprises 35 acres. The church is a small neat edifice. CHELFORD, a chapelry, in the parish of Prest- BURY, union and hundred of Macclesfield, N. divi- sion of the county of Chester, 5^ miles (S. E. by E.) from Knutsford ; containing 201 inhabitants. Five roads meet in the village ; and the Birtles and Henbury brooks unite immediately below the chapel, forming a fine sheet of water, which empties itself into a brook called Peover-leve. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £135; patron, T. Parker, Esq. ; impropri- ator, C. B. Leigh, Esq. The chapel was rebuilt in 17/6. In 1754 , John Parker, Esq., erected a school, and en- dowed it with £50, to which Thomas Moss and Samuel Brooke added £100 each. CHELL, a township, in the parish of Wolstanton, union of Wolstanton and Burslem, N. division of the hundred of Pirehill and of the county of Stafford, 2 miles (N. E.) from Burslem ; containing 737 inhabit- ants. It is divided into two townsteads, called Great and Little Chell, containing 740 acres : coal-mines are wrought on the confines. There is a place of worship for Primitive Methodists. The workhouse for the united parishes of Wolstanton and Burslem, lately erected here, is a fine capacious structure of gabled architecture. At Turnhurst, in the township, James Brindley, the eminent canal engineer, died in 177^. C H E L C H E L CHELLASTON (St, Peter), a parish^ in the union of Shardlow, hundred of Repton and Gresley, S. division of the county of Derby, 4| miles (S. E. by S.) from Derby 5 containing 46l inhabitants. This place once belonged to the Earls of Huntingdon, whose an- cient manor-house has long been destroyed. The parish, which was formerly part of the rectory of Melbourne, comprises by computation 800 acres : some very pro- ductive mines of gypsum or alabaster, of fine quality, are in full operation. The Derby canal passes to the north, and the Trent and Mersey canal to the south, of the village. The living is a perpetual curacy j net in- come, £80 j patron. Bishop of Carlisle 5 impropriator. Lord Melbourne : the tithes were commuted for land at the inclosure of the parish. The church is in the later English style ; the tower has been rebuilt. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. CHELLESWORTH, or Chelsworth {All Saints), a parish, in the union and hundred of Cosford, W. division of Suffolk, 5 miles (N. W. by N.) from Hadleigh 3 containing ^84 inhabitants, and con- sisting of 86 la. 2r. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 8. 9., and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for £264. 7^ and the glebe comprises 30 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. CHELLINGTON {St, Nicholas), a parish, in the hundred of Willey, union and county of Bedford, 7 miles (N. E. byE.) from 01ney3 containing 125 inha- bitants. The living is a rectory, united in I769 to that of Carlton, and valued in the king’s books at £10 ; the tithes were commuted for land in 1805. CHELMARSH {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Bridgenorth, hundred of Stottesden, S. division of Salop, 4 miles (S. by E.) from Bridgenorth 3 contain- ing 495 inhabitants. It comprises about 3200 acres, and is situated on the river Severn, which flows a little to the eastward of the village, and is here navigable. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 5. 8. 3 patron and impropriator. Sir J. Sebright, Bart. : the great tithes have been commuted for £369'. 8., and the vicarial for £235 3 the glebe contains 20 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. CHELMERTON, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Bakewell, hundred of High Peak, N. divi- sion of the county of Derby, 4i\ miles (S. W. by S.) from Tideswell 3 containing 238 inhabitants. The manufac- ture of ribbons is carried on. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £863 patron. Vicar of Bakewell ; impropriators. Dean and Chapter of Lichfield and Duke of Devonshire. The chapel has some remains of a rood- loft and screen-work. There are meeting-houses for Wesleyans and Presbyterians 3 also a school, to which Mr. Brocklehurst, who died in 179^, gave £200. On the summit of an eminence rising above the village are two barrows, the circumference of the larger being about 240 feet : in this, when opened in the year 1782, several human skeletons were discovered, in rude stone coffins, with bones and teeth perfect. CHELMONDISTON {St. Andrew), a parish, in the hundred of Samford, E. division of Suffolk, 6:^ miles (S. S. E.) from Ipswich 3 containing 566 inhabit- ants. The parish is situated on the river Orwell, by which it is bounded on the north, and comprises the hamlet of Penernill, pleasantly seated on the south bank 549 of that river, which is here navigable. The hamlet is chiefly inhabited by persons engaged in dredging for stone, which is found on a ledge of rocks six or seven miles out at sea, east of Harwich, and is made into Roman cement 3 nearly thirty boats are employed in the trade. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 10., and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for £346. 10. There are places of worship for Baptists and Wesleyans. The noted John Henley, familiarly termed Orator Hen- ley,” was for a short time rector. CHELMSFORD {St. Mary), a market-town and parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Chelmsford, S. division of Essex, of which it is the chief town, 29 miles (N. E. by E.) from London, on the road to Yarmouth ; containing, with the hamlet of Moulsham, 6789 inhabitants. This place, which is wdthin a short distance of the Ccesaromagus of the Ro- mans, derives its name from an ancient ford on the Chelmer, near the natural confluence of that river with the Cann, into which its stream is previously diverted by an artificial channel near the bridge. In the reign of Edward the Confessor, and at the time of the Norman survey, it was in the possession of the Bishops of Lon- don 3 and two buildings, still called Bishop’s Hall and Bishop’s Mill, seem to indicate its having been either permanently or occasionally their residence. In other respects it was an inconsiderable place till the reign of Henry I., when Maurice, Bishop of London, built a stone bridge of three arches over the river Cann 3 and divert- ing the road, which previously passed through Writtle, made Chelmsford the great thoroughfare to the eastern parts of the county, and to Suffolk and Norfolk. From this period the town increased in importance 3 and its trade so much improved, that, in the reign of Edward III., it sent four representatives to a grand council at Westminster. A convent for Black, or Dominican, friars was established at an early date, the foundation of which has been erroneously attributed to Malcolm, King of Scotland : its revenue, at the Dissolution, was £9.6. 5. In this convent, of which only the site is visible, Thomas Langford, a friar, compiled a Universal Chronicle, from the creation to his own time. During the late war with France, two extensive ranges of barracks, for 4000 men, were erected near the town, both of which have been taken down ; and at a short distance from it, a line of embankments, defended by star batteries, of which some traces are still remaining, was raised to protect the ap- proaches to the metropolis from the eastern coast. The TOWN, which is surrounded by interesting scenery, is well paved and lighted with gas : the houses, several of which, on both sides of the town, have gardens ex- tending to the river, are in general modern and well built 3 and the inhabitants are amply supplied with water. Considerable improvements have been made of late years in the appearance of the neighbourhood 3 a handsome iron bridge has been erected over the Chelmer 3 and more recently a road has been formed, commencing at the twenty-eighth milestone on the' London road, and after crossing the river Cann by an elegant iron bridge (about one hundred yards from the stone bridge, erected in 1787) and connecting Chelmsford with the hamlet of Moulsham), enters the town about the centre of the High-street. An elegant building, called the Institute, has been built for the delivery of lectures, for concerts. C H E L and public meetings 5 and near the Eastern- Counties railway, which passes a little to the west, numerous villas have been erected. Races, which continue for two days, are held in August, on Galley wood Common, about two miles distant, where there is an excellent two- mile course. The trade consists principally in corn, which is sent to London, and in the traffic arising from the situation of the town as a great public thoroughfare : there are several large corn-mills on the banks of the Chelmer. A navigable canal to the river Black-water, twelve miles distant, was constructed in I796. The market is on Friday, for corn, cattle, and provisions ; and fairs are held on May 12th and November 12th. The town is within the jurisdiction of the county magis- trates, who hold petty-sessions for the division every Tuesday and Friday 3 and constables and other officers are appointed at the court leet of the lord of the manor, who also holds a court baron occasionally. The assizes and sessions for the county, and the election of knights for the southern division of the shire, likewise take place here. The shire hall is an elegant and commodious structure, fronted with Portland stone, and having a rustic basement, from wffiich rise four handsome pillars of the Ionic order, supporting a triangular pediment ^ the front is ornamented with appropriate figures, in basso-relievo, of Wisdom, Justice, and Mercy; in the lower part is an area for the corn- market. The old county gaol, a spacious and handsome stone building, in the hamlet of Moulsham, was completed, in 1777, at an expense of upwards of £18,000 3 it is appropriated exclusively to the reception of persons confined for debt, and of prisoners committed for trial. Adjoining the gaol, and incorporated with it, is the house of correction, used for convicted female prisoners 3 it was built in 1806, at a cost of about £7500. The new convict gaol at Springfield Hill, on the road to Colchester, is a very extensive and well-arranged building of brick, orna- mented with stone, begun in October, 1822, and com- pleted in 1825, at an expense of £55,739. 17-, and capa- ble of containing 254 prisoners, of whom 218 may be confined in separate cells. A building has been erected within the last few years for the reception of vagrants. The parish comprises 2348 acres, of which the soil is generally a deep rich loam, occasionally intermixed with gravel, and producing fair average crops. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £31. 2. 6., and in the patronage of Lady St. John Mildmay : the tithes have been commuted for £500, and the glebe contains 15f acres, to which there is a glebe- house. The body of the church has been rebuilt, at an expense of £15,000, the former having fallen down in 1800, from the unskilfulness of some workmen, who, in digging a vault, undermined tw'o of the principal pillars : it is a stately structure, in the later English style, with a square embattled tower, crowned with pinnacles, and sur- mounted by a lofty spire. A chapel of ease in a modern style has been erected in the hamlet of Moulsham, on a site given by Lady Mildmay, and was consecrated in 1839. There are places of worship for Independents, Baptists, Irvingites, the Society of Friends, and Wesley- ans 3 also a Roman Catholic chapel at Newhall. The free grammar school was founded and endowed, in 1551, by Edward YI. : the income is about £488 ; and, in common with those at Maldon and Brentwood, it has an exhibition of £6 per annum to Cains College, Cam- 550 C H E L bridge. The school-house was rebuilt by R. Benyon, Esq., in 1782^ on the site of a more ancient one erected by Sir John Tyrrell, Bart. Philemon Holland, transla- tor of Camden’s Britannia, and a native of Chelmsford 3 John Dee, the celebrated mathematician 3 Sir Walter Mildmay, Bart., founder of Emanuel College, Cambridge 3 and Dr. Plume, Archdeacon of Rochester, received the rudiments of their education in the establishment. A school for the maintenance and instruction of boys, founded in 1713, and a school for girls, founded in 1714, are supported by endowment and subscription : a school on the national plan for boys, girls, and infants, was erected by subscription in 1841 3 and there is a Lan- casterian school. Six almshouses in Moulsham, founded by Sir Thomas and Lady Mildmay, in 1565, were rebuilt by William Mildmay, Esq., in 1758 ; and four in Baddow-lane, erected by the sale of a barn given by William Davis, in 1520, for the use of the poor, have also been rebuilt, and two tenements added at the ex- pense of the parish. The union of Chelmsford com- prises 31 parishes or places, and contains a population of 30,603. The inhabitants of an island in the river have from time immemorial practised the form of elect- ing a representative in parliament, which takes place either on a dissolution of parliament or the vacation of a member for the county : the ceremony concludes with the chairing of the successful candidate, who is dipped in the river, and the chair broken to pieces. CHELSEA, a suburb of the metropolis, comprising the parishes of St. Luke and Upper Chelsea, in the Kensington division of the hundred of Ossulstone, county of Middlesex ; and containing, with part of the chapelry of Knightsbridge, 40,179 inhabitants. This place was anciently called Chelcheth, or Chelchith, pro- bably from the Saxon Ceosl, or Cesol, sand, and Hythe, a harbour 3 from which its present name is derived. In 785, a synod for the reformation of religion in England was assembled here by the legates . of Pope* Adrian. The beauty of its situation on the Thames, which is wider here than in any other part above Lon- don bridge, made it, at an early period, the residence of illustrious persons, whose superb mansions procured for it the appellation of the village of palaces.” Among these was the residence of the chancellor, Sir Thomas More, at the north end of Beaufort-row, which, after being successively in the occupation of several distin- guished characters, was taken down by Sir Hans Sloane, in the year 1740. The Bishops of Winchester had a palace at the upper end of Cheyne-walk, which, under an act of parliament passed in 1823, enabling the bishop to alienate it from the see, was taken down in 1824. Queen Elizabeth had also a palace here 3 and Sir Robert Walpole resided for some time in a mansion previously belonging to the crown, on the site of which a fine edifice was erected, in 1810, by Gen. Gordon. The mansion and gardens of the Earl of Ranelagh were con- verted into a place of public amusement, which after having been fashionably attended for a considerable time, was closed in 1805, and the buildings taken down 3 the site is now occupied by dwelling-houses. Ghelsea com- prehends the old town on the bank of the Thames, over which is abridge of wood leading to Battersea, in Surrey3 the new buildings, erected since 1777? and called Hans Town, in honour of Sir Hans Sloane, a former lord of the manor 3 and several ranges of building of recent C H E L C H E L erection in various directions. In the old town is Cheyne-walk, which contains many handsome houses, commanding an interesting view of the river and the scenery on its opposite, bank 3 in the new town are, Sioane- street, a regular range of respectable houses, nearly a mile in length, Sloane-square, and Upper and Lower Cadogan- places. The streets are partially paved, and well lighted with gas, under the superintendence of 40 commissioners, including the rector and the church- wardens, appointed annually by act of parliament ob- tained about the year 1 820 ; the inhabitants are sup- plied with water by the Chelsea Waterworks Company, incorporated in 1724. The Botanical Gardens were established in 1673, by the Company of Apothecaries, to whom Sir Hans Sloane granted, at a quit-rent of £5 per annum, four acres on the bank of the river : they con- tain a great variety of medicinal, plants systematically arranged, a hot-house, green-houses, and a library, in which are many volumes of natural history. Lectures are delivered periodically to the students, by a demon- strator appointed for that purpose. In the centre of the gardens is a fine statue of Sir Hans Sloane, by Rysbrach 3 and in the front opposite to the river are two remarkably fine cedars of Libanus. A second botanic garden, oc- cupying more than six acres, w’^ell stocked, with plants arranged after the Linnsean system, in seventeen com- partments, was established in 1807 , near Sloane- street, where lectures are delivered in May and June, The Royal Hospital for veteran soldiers, a spacious, and handsome structure of brick, ornamented with columns, quoins, and cornices, of stone, erected after a design by Sir Christopher Wren, at an expense of £450,000, towards defraying which the projector. Sir Stephen Fox, grandfather of the Rt. Hon. C. J. Fox, contributed £13,000, was begun in the reign of Charles II., and completed in that of William HI. The build- ings occupy a spacious quadrangle, in the centre of which is a fine statue in bronze of Charles H. 3 the east and west sides, which dre 360 feet in length, comprise wards for the pensioners, and the governor’s house 3 in the centre of the north side is a large vestibule, lighted by a handsome dome, with the great hall on one side, in which the pensioners dine, and on the other, the chapel, a neat and lofty edifice, containing a handsome altar- piece, in which is a good painting of the Resurrection 3 the south side of the quadrangle is open to the river, affording a fine view of the extensive gardens, which reach to its margin. There are smaller quadrangles, in which are the infirmaries and various offices, formed by the addition of wings to the extremities of the north side of the large quadrangle : on the north side of the college is an inclosure of thirteen acres, planted wdth avenues of treeSi The number of in-pensioners is about 500, and the number of out-pensioners indefinite 3 the annual expenditure is from £ 700,000 to £800,000. For A; Hospital, situated in the parish, is a receptacle for wounds ed soldiers arriving from foreign stations, who are wait- ing for a vacancy in the royal college. The Royal Military Asylum was founded, in 1801, by His Royal Highness the late Duke of York, for the support and education of the orphan children of soldiers, and of those whose fathers are serving on foreign stations : there are at present 350 boys. There were formerly nearly 1000 boys in the institution, and 300 girls 3 but the latter, in 1823, were removed to Southampton, where a cavalry 551 barrack, which had been previously converted into an asylum for 400 boys, was appropriated to their use, and the boys were received into this institution. The pre- mises, which are handsomely built of brick, and orna- mented with stone, form three sides of a quadrangle : the west front consists of a centre, with a stone portico of the Doric order, connected with two wings by an arcade, and within the grounds is a handsome chapel. There are a soap-manufactory, two breweries, a manu- factory for papier-mach 4 and an extensive floor-cloth manufactory : a considerable trade is carried on in coal 3 and in the neighbourhood are large tracts of ground cultivated by market-gardeners. The county magis- trates: hold a petty-session here for the hundred every Tuesday 3 and four headboroughs, nine constables, and other officers are appointed at the court for the manor. An act for the administration of the poor laws in the parish of St. Luke, Chelsea, and relating to the high- ways in the same parish, was passed in 1841. The ancient parish of Chelsea has lately been divided into two distinct and. separate parishes. The living of St. Lukes a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 6 . 8 . 3 net income, £1003 3 patron, EaiT Cadogan. The church, erected in 1824, at an expense of £40,000, of which the Parliamentary Commissioners granted £ 8785 . 12 ., is a magnificent structure, in the decorated and later styles of English architecture, with a lofty square tower crowned by dome turrets at the angles 3 the west front is strikingly beautiful. The interior has an impressive grandeur of eiFect> arising from the lofti- ness of the. nave, which has a triforium and a fine range of clerestory windows of three, lights, and is , separated from the aisles by clustered columns and pointed arches 3 the altar-piece is ornamented with shrine- work of ele- gant design, and embellished with a painting of the Descent from the Cross 3 the east window is lofty and of graceful character, and the roof is finely groined. The living of Upper Chelsea is a rectory not in charge 3 net income, £840 3 patron, Earl Cadogan. Holy Tri- nity church, situated in Sloane- street, is a handsome edifice, in the later English style, with two minaret turrets at the west end, and was erected in 1830, at an expense of £5849. 17. L, by grant from the Parliamen- tary Commissioners. The old church, now used as a Chapel of Ease, is a small edifice, partly in the early and partly in the decorated English style, with a low tov/er, surmounted by a campanile turret 3 it is chiefly of brick, and was rebuilt in the early part of the sixteenth cen- tury 3 it was enlarged, and the tower added, about I 67 O. At the end of the north aisle is a chapel in the decorated style, and at the extremity of the south aisle is one erected by Sir Thomas More, in 1520. Among the many interesting monuments are those of Sir Thomas More 3 Dr. Edward Chamberlayne, author of The Present State of England ^ Thomas Shadwell, poet- laureate in the reign of William and Mary 3 Sir Hans Sloane, and others. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £300 3 patron. Rector of St. Luke’s. An episcopal chapel, called Park chapel, was built by Sir Richard Manningham, in 1718 , and is in the patronage of Mrs. Owen. Christ Church, situated in Queen- street, and consecrated in June, 1839, is a neat edifice of brick, in the early English style, with a campanile turret sur- mounted by a dwarf spire ; it was erected by the trus- tees of the late Miss Hyndman, at a cost of nearly C H E L C H E L £4000, and will accommodate 1200 persons. St. Sa- viour s district church has been recently built on a site behind Hans-place, in Upper Chelsea, for a congre- gation of 1200 persons, at an estimated expense of £5000, of which one-half was granted by the Metropo- litan Church Building Society, and the remainder raised by voluntary contributions 5 it was consecrated in May, 1840. The first stone of the chapel for the National Society’s Training College was laid in May, 1841, at the distance of about one hundred paces from the house, situated at Stanley Grove, at the western extremity of Chelsea. There are places of worship for Baptists, Independents, Wesleyans, and Roman Catholics. Nu- merous schools are supported, on the national and other systems, for the education of the children of the poor : a dispensary in Sloane-square, supported by subscrip- tion, administers medical relief to nearly 3000 patients j and there are also a Philanthropic Society for visiting the sick, a Church Missionary Society, and a coal relief association, all maintained by subscription. Mrs. Mar- tha Bromsall, in 1804, gave premises, the proceeds from the sale of which have been vested in the purchase of £315 new four per cents. 5 the dividends are distributed among poor housekeepers. There are some other be- quests for charitable purposes. John King, A.M., editor of some of the tragedies of Euripides 5 and Dr. Thomas Martyn, F.R.S., an eminent antiquary and na- tural philosopher, and Regius Professor of Botany at Cambridge for sixty Tour years, were naMves of the parish. CHELSFIELD {St. Mary), a pari n, in the union of Bromley, hundred of Rijxley, la^ae of Sutton-at- Hone, W. division of Kent, 6 ^ miles (S. E.) from Bromley 5 containing 86 1 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £24. 14. 2 ., and in the patronage of All Souls’ College, Oxford ; the tithes have been commuted for £820, and the glebe comprises 53 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is in the early English style, with a tower and spire at the north-east angle of the nave. At Farn- borough, in the parish, is a chapel of ease. There is a small endowment for instruction 5 and boys and girls are educated on the national system. C^ELSHAM {St. Leonard), a parish, in the union of Godstone, Second division of the hundred of Tan- DRiDGE, E. division of Surrey, 6 miles (S. E.) from Croydon 3 containing 347 inhabitants. It is consoli- dated with Warlingham .{which sec), under the title of Warlingham with Chelsham. The church is in the early English style, and is capable of accommodating about 200 persons 3 the chancel is separated from the body of the building by an oak screen of great beauty and elaborate carving. In 1835, a charity school was established. At Ledgers, in the parish, at a short dis- tance from the dwelling-house of its proprietor, is a moat, in which, on its being partially cleared out a few years ago, several mutilated remains of ancient vases were discovered. CHELSWORTH.— See Chellesworth. CHELTENHAM {St. Mary), a newly-enfranchised borough, market-town, and parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Cheltenham, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 9 miles (E. N. E.) from Gloucester, and 95 (W. N. W.) from London 3 contain- ^ing 31,411 inhabitants. This place takes its name from the small river Chelt, which rises at Dowdeswell, in the 552 vicinity, and runs through the town in its course to the Severn. Prior to the Conquest, the manor belonged to Edward the Confessor, and was afterwards held by the Conqueror 3 in 1199 it was granted to Henry de Bohun, Earl of Hereford, who exchanged it with King John for other lands 3 it was next given to the abbey of Fes- champ, in Normandy, and subsequently to the nunnery of Sion, in Middlesex, on the dissolution of which it reverted to the crown. Cheltenham derives its import- ance from its mineral springs, the oldest of which was noticed in 17 16, and since that time various others have been discovered, possessing different proportions of cha- lybeate, aperient salts, chiefly sulphate of soda, sulphate of magnesia, and oxyde of iron held in solution by car- bonic acid 3 the last was discovered, in 1803, by Dr. Tho- mas Jameson, according to whose anal}’^sis it contains a greater proportion of sulphureous gas than the others, and, in many instances, bears a strong affinity to the Harrogate water. They are efficacious in the cure of jaundice and other diseases of the liver, in dyspepsia, and in the complaints arising from the debilitating influence of hot climatest In 1721, the old well, or spa, to the south of the town, was inclosed, and in 1738 Captain Henry Skillicorn erected over it a brick pavilion, supported on four arches, built a pump-room, and laid out w’alks for the accommodation of visiters. In 178O, the number of lodging-houses amounted only to thirty 3 but since the visit of George III., with the queen and princesses, in 1788 , Cheltenham has been rapidly rising into celebrity as a place of fashionable resort, and is at present eminent for the elegance of its buildings, the extent and variety of its accommodations, and the rank and number of its visiters, of whom, in the course of the season, there are generally not less than 15,000. Tbe TOWN is pleasantly situated on an extensive plain, sheltered on the north and east by the Cotsw^old Hills, and consists of numerous fine streets, the principal of which is more than a mile and a half in length, con- taining many excellent ranges of building, interspersed occasionally with houses of more ancient date and less pretending character 3 to the south are a crescent and colonnade, and the upper and the lower promenade, lately built 3 and on each side are dwellings, displaying much beauty and variety of architectural decoration. The masonic hall, in Portland-street, is a handsome edifice, in the style of a Roman mausoleum, completed in 1823, and decorated in front and on one side with the insignia of the order of freemasonry. The streets are well paved, and lighted with gas, by an act procured in the 59th of George III., and amended in the 2 nd of George IV. : the Gas-light and Coke Company was formed pursuant to an act passed in 1819 ; and in 1824 an act was obtained for the establishment of water- works, under the direction of a company. An act was also passed, in 1833, for the better sewerage, draining, and cleansing of the town. About half a mile towards the south is the Montpelier spa : the pump-room, a spacious and handsome rotunda, has a noble colonnade in front, above the centre of which is the figure of a lion couchant. Nearer the town is the Imperial spa, an elegant building, in the Grecian style of architecture, opened in 1818. The old well, or original spa, has been enlarged by the erection of a new pump-room in 1803. There are also the chalybeate spa, opened in 1802 3 the C H E L C H E I Cambray chalybeate spa, discovered in 1807 ; and Alstone spa, opened in 1809. On the north side of Cheltenham is Pittville, where a new town has been planned on a magnificent scale, by Joseph Pitt, Esq. : the pump-room, of which the first stone was laid on the 4th of May, 1825, is a splendid edifice, erected at an expense of more than £ 20 , 000 . There are warm, cold, medicated, and vapour baths, furnished with all the requisite appendages j hotels, affording every accommo- dation 3 and several hundred lodging-houses, many of which are splendidly fitted up. The various libraries, reading-rooms, and musical repositories, are richly stored and well conducted 3 and concerts and assem- blies take place regularly during the season, under the superintendence of a master of the ceremonies, in a splendid suite of rooms completed in 1816 , The theatre, built in 1805, by Mr. J. Watson, a coadjutor of John Kemble and Mrs. Siddons, was totally destroyed by fire on the 3rd of May, 1839. Races take place annually, on the adjoining eminence. . The. TRADE, exclusively of the ordinary business ne- cessary for the supply of the inhabitants and the nume- rous visiters, consists principally of malt and in various kinds of medicinal salts, for the preparation of which latter there is an extensive manufactory on the road to Bath. The Birmingham and Gloucester railway has one of its principal stations at this place, a spacious build- ing, of the Grecian Doric order, with a colonnade ex- tending along the whole of the front, which is on the Queen’s road. The market is on Thursday and Satur- day : the fairs are on the second Thursday in April, Aug. 5th, the second Thursday in Sept., and the third Thursday in Dec., for cattle and cheese 3 there are also statute fairs on the first and second Thursday after Michaelmas-day. The market-house, a handsome and commodious building, was erected, in 1823, at the ex- pense of Lord Sherborne. By the act of the 2 nd of William IV., cap. 45, Cheltenham was constituted a borough, with the privilege of returning a member to parliament, to be elected by the £10 householders 3 the limits of the borough are co-extensive with those of the parish, comprising about 3650 acres 3 the returning officer is appointed by the sheriff for the county. The town is within the jurisdiction of the county magis- trates, who hold a petty-session for the division every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday 3 a high bailiff and constables are appointed at the court leet of the lord of the manor 3 and the local affairs are under the controul of commissioners appointed by an act passed in the 2 nd of George IV. By an ancient manorial custom, confirmed by act of parliament, land descends as by common law, but the eldest female inherits solely. The new gaol, near St. George’s-square, is a convenient edifice, erected in 1814. The LIVING is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £10733 patrons, certain Trustees 3 impropriator, J. Pitt, Esq. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, for the hamlet of Cheltenham, in 1801, and for the ty things of Arle and Arlestone, in 1830. The parochial church is an ancient cruciform structure, in the early, decorated, and later English styles, with a square tower rising from the intersection, and sur- mounted by a lofty octagonal spire. On the east side of the north transept is a grand circular window, 15 feet in diameter, divided into 33 compartments, and VoL. I.— 553 filled with tracery of the decorated and later styles in- termixed 3 the east window of the chancel, and others, are also fine compositions. An antique altar-piece, presented by the Dean and Chapter of Gloucester, has been lately erected 3 and there is likewise a piscina in the chancel. In the churchyard is an ancient stone cross, of a single shaft, with an ascent of several steps. The church of the Holy Trinity, in Portlaiid-street, a handsome structure, in the later English style, was erected by subscription, but finished by Lord Sher- borne, and was consecrated Jn 1823 3 and another church has been erected in Suffolk-square. The living of each of these is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of Trustees, elected by the subscribers, for a term of forty years, at the expiration of which the right of representation becomes vested in the Perpetual Curate of Cheltenham. St. John’s, in Berkeley-place, was built at the expense of the present incurnbent : the living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £150 3 patron. Rev. W. Spencer Phillips. A free church, of the Grecian- Ionic order, with a portico and tower, was completed in 1831, at a cost of £6500, half of which was defrayed by a grant from the Parliamentary Commissioners : the living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £250. A new burial-ground has been purchased by the pa- rishioners. There are places of worship for Baptists, the Society of Friends, the Connexion of the Countess of Huntingdon, Independents, Wesleyan and other Methodists, and Roman Catholics. The Baptist meet- ing-house has a burial-ground attached to it 3 and there is a fund of £95 per annum, for distribution among the poor of that congregation. The Free Grammar school was established and endowed in 1574 , by Richard Pates ; the endowment, augmented by Queen Elizabeth, produces a salary of £30 per annum to the master, who is appointed by Corpus Christi College, Oxford. There are eight scholarships in Pembroke College, Oxford, founded in 1 682, by George Towmsend, Esq., for boys from Gloucester, Cheltenham, Chipping-Carnpden, and Northleach, with preference in presentation to his donatives of Uxbridge and Coin- brook : the same benefactor also instituted and endowed a school here, for poor boys, and similar schools in the parishes of Winchcombe, Chipping-Campden, North- leach, and Nether Guyting, or Blockley, and for ap- prenticing them be appropriated part of the income, which amounts to £207. The Rev. William Stanley, in 1704 , gave land producing £25 per annum, subject to a rent-charge of £8, the residue being applied to the same purpose. A portion of an endowment by Lady Cape], amounting to £37. 10. per annum, is paid for the in- struction of poor children. There are national, Lancas- terian, and infants’ schools, maintained by subscription 3 and a school under the patronage of the bishop of the diocese is supported by Miss Catherine Leacock and R. B. Cooper, Esq. A proprietary college, the object of which is to supply a good general education, founded on sound religious principles, was opened on the 22 nd of June, 1843 : the building is entirely of stone, raised from Dodswell-hill, near the town, and has a facade 240 feet in length 3 the cost of its erection exceeded £8000. Almshouses for six persons were founded and endowed by Richard. Pates, in 1574. The dispensary and casualty ward, established in 1813, and lately en- larged, is supported by subscription 3 and there are ' 4 B CHEN C H E P many other charitable institutions, among which may be noticed the female orphan asylum, the Coburg Society, for the relief of indigent married women in child-birth, and the Dorcas Society. The poor law union of Cheltenham comprises 13 parishes or places, and contains a population of 40,2^1. CHELVESTON (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the nnion of Thrapston, hundred of Higham- Ferrers, N. division of the county of Northampton, 2 miles (E, by N.) from Higham-Ferrers 5 containing, with the hamlet of Caldecott, 372 inhabitants. The parish, which extends from the river Nene to the border of Bedfordshire, consists of 1754a. 3r. 36p., and the road from Higham-Ferrers to Kimbolton crosses it. The living is united to the vicarage of Higham-Ferrers : the tithes were commuted for land, in 1801. A school was founded, in I76O, by Abigail Bailey and Ann Levett, who endowed it with land, producing £12 per annum. James Sawyer, in 17 08, endow^ed almshouses with £18 per annum. CHELVEY {St. Bridget), a parish, in the union of Bedminster, hundred of Hartcliffe with Bedmin- STER, E. division of Somerset, 9 miles (W. S. W.) from Bristol 5 containing 54 inhabitants. It comprises 442a. Ir. 39p., and is intersected by the Bristol and Exeter railroad. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 9. 7*, and in the patronage of C. K. K. Tynte, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £95, and the glebe comprises 24 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is a small neat edifice, with a handsome tower. CHELWOOD {St. Leonard), a parish, in the union of Clutton, hundred of Keynsham, E. division of Somerset, 2 miles (S. E.) from Pensford ; containing 260 inhabitants. It abounds with coal. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 7- b., and in the patronage of the Bishop of Bath and Wells : the tithes have been commuted for £175, and the glebe comprises 38 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The tower of the church was rebuilt in 1772. There is an endowed chapel belonging to the Independents ^ and a small school is supported by the rector and gentry. CHELWORTH, a hamlet, in the parish of Crxjd- WELL, union and hundred of Malmesbury, Malmesbury and Kingswood, and N. divisions of Wilts 5 containing 58 inhabitants. CHELWORTH, a tything, in the parish of St. Sampson, borough of Cricklade, union of Cricklade and Wootton-Bassett, hundred of Highworth, Cricklade, and Staple, Cricklade and N. divisions of Wilts, Ij mile (S. W.) from Cricklade. CHENIES, anciently Isenhamsted, or Eastman- STED {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Amer- SHAM, hundred of Burnham, county of Buckingham, 4 miles (E. by N.) from Amersham 3 containing 625 inhabitants. This parish once belonged to the family of Cheynes, lords of the manor ; and the old manor-house, which was much improved, in the reign of Henry VIII., by Lord Russell, into whose family it came, by marriage with the Cheynes’, is still in tolerable preservation. The parish comprises about 1400 acres, nearly all of which belong to the Duke of Bedford : the surface is hilly, and the soil a gravelly loam, resting on chalk. The manufacture of paper is carried on extensively. The 554 living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 16. Oj., and in the gift of his Grace: the tithes have been commuted for £411. 6. 8., and the glebe com- prises 30 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. At- tached to the church is a chapel, built in 1556, by Anne, Countess of Bedford, pursuant to the will of her deceased lord, John, Earl of Bedford, and containing many very interesting and some superb monuments of the Russell family, especially one to Lord William Russell, beheaded in 1683, and who lies interred in the vault beneath, with his heroic wife, Lady Rachel : in the vault are upwards of fifty coffins, with inscriptions bearing dates from 1591 to the present time. There is a place of worship for Baptists. A national school has been established 3 and an infants’ school is supported by the rector. Lord Wriothesley Russell. An alms- house for ten poor persons was founded and endowed in 1603, by Anne, Countess of Warwick, daughter of the second Earl of Bedford. John Russell, Esq., an- cestor of the Duke of Bedford, was raised to the peer- age in 1538-9^ by the title of Baron Russell of Chenies, which his descendants continue to bear. CHEPSTOW {St. Mary), a port, market-town, pa- rish, and division, and the head of a union, in the hun- dred of Caldicot, county of Monmouth, 16 miles (S. by E.) from Monmouth, and 131 (W.) from London j containing, with the hamlet of Hardwick, 3366 inhabit- ants. This place, called by the Britons Cas Gwent, and by most antiquaries supposed to have risen from the ruins of the ancient city Venta, about four miles to the west, derives its present name from the Saxon Chepe, a market, and Stowe, a town : it obtained also the name Striguil from the Earls of Pembroke, to whom it be- longed at the time of the Conquest, and who, from their residing in a neighbouring castle of that name, were called lords of Striguil, by which designation the mano- rial courts are still held. Soon after the Conquest, a strong castle was erected, probably by William Fitz- Osborn, Earl of Hereford, on the summit of a rocky precipice overhanging the river Wye : there are consider- able remains, richly overspread with, ivy, and forming a picturesque and stately object from various points of view. About the same time the town was fortified with strong walls, several portions of which, together with the bastions erected for their defence, are still remain- ing. In the reign of Stephen, a priory of Benedictine monks was founded here, and dedicated to St. Mary, the revenue of which, at the Dissolution, was £32. 4. During the parliamentary war, the inhabitants adhered firmly to the royal cause, and the castle was taken, retaken, and again taken, in which conflicts it sustained considerable damage. On the restoration of Charles II., Henry Marten, one of those who sat in judgment on Charles I., was confined in the castle till his death. The TOWN is situated on the river Wye, near its con- fluence with the Severn, and is built on the slope of a hill, among the lofty cliffs that rise abruptly from the western bank of the river, over which a handsome iron bridge of five arches was erected in 18 16, at the joint expense of the counties of Gloucester and Monmouth, of which the river forms the line of separation. It is much resorted to by visiters on account of the beautiful scenery wherewith it abounds, and consists of several spacious and well-paved streets, in which are many handsome and well-built houses ; it is lighted with gas. C H E P CHER and well supplied with water conveyed from Chepstow Park, four miles distant, by iron pipes. The trade is principally in navy timber, oak- bark, iron, and coal : formerly ship-building was carried on to a considerable extent, but at present vessels are only refitted and re- paired. A steam -packet plies to and from Bristol during the summer months. The market-days are Wednesday and Saturday 5 there are also great markets on the last Monday in every month for horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, and wool j and the fairs are on the last Monday in February, Friday in Whitsua-week, the Saturday before June ^Oth, Aug. 1st, and the Friday before Oct. 29th. There is a convenient market-house, with an elegant assembly-room over it, erected by the late Duke of Beaufort. The county magistrates hold petty-sessions for the division every alternate Thursday 5 and the town is a polling-place for the election of the county representatives. The old passage over the Severn, within two miles of the town, has been greatly improved by the erection of stone piers, and the establishment of a regular steam-packet by some gentlemen in the neigh- bourhood, assisted by the Duke of Beaufort, who is lord of the manor 3 it may now be crossed with safety at any time of the tide. The parish comprises 1024a. Ir. 34p., of which 269 acres are arable, 605 meadow and pasture, 68 wood- land, and 81 buildings and gardens. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 16. 8., and in the alternate patronage of Edward Bevan, and D. H. Burr, Esqrs. 3 impropriators, Mr. Bevan, and the Rev. H. S. Burr : the vicarial tithes have been commuted for £124. 2. 11. The church, formerly the conventual church of the priory, is con- sidered one of the finest relics of Norman architecture in the county, and in 1841 was thoroughly restored, chiefly by the efforts of the Bishop of Llandaff. The chancel and transepts, which were destroyed by the fall of the tower about 150 years since, have been rebuilt, the side aisles removed, and the church, originally in the cathedral form, is now restored to its primitive dimensions, and contains 1600 sittings, 800 of which are free : on the north side of the chancel is a hand- some monument to Henry, second Earl of Worcester and his countess, and opposite is another to Mr. and Mrs. Shipman : the interior is entered by a richly decorated western doorway. There are places of wor- ship for Baptists, Independents, Irvingites, Wesley ans, and Roman Catholics. A school was endowed with £7 per annum charged on land, in 1605, by Richard Cleyton, Esq., and with £4, the interest of a bequest of £100 3 and a national and an infants’ school are partly supported by subscription. Sir William Montagu’s hospital, for twelve aged persons, was founded in 1614, and endowed with a rent- charge of £32 per annum : Powis’ almshouse, for six men and six women, was founded in 1716, by Thomas Powis, Esq., who bequeathed £1800 for its erection and endowment. J. Boucher, Esq., in 1822, bequeathed a sum of money which has been placed in the three per cent, consols., amounting to £3120, the interest to be applied in giving 45. per week to ten bachelors of the age of sixty years and up- wards, and if so many are not found, then to poor men of the parish of the same age who have not received parochial relief : he also left £1000, the interest to be applied in lighting the town. In Bridge-street is 555 a singular well, which ebbs and flows contrary to the ebbing and flowing of the tide of the river. The union of Chepstow comprises thirty-eight parishes or places, of which thirty are in the county of Monmouth, and eight in that of Gloucester, and contains a popula- tion of l6,77fi* CHERHILL a parish, in the union and hundred of Calne, Chippenham and Caine, and N. divisions of Wilts, 3 miles (E.) from Caine 3 con- taining 422 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 1300 acres, the soil of which in general is light and chalky. The living is annexed to the vicarage of Caine. There is a small endowment for the instruction of children. On the summit of a hill near the village is Oldborough, or Oldbury, camp, to which it is supposed the Danes retreated after the battle of Ethandune 3 and on its slope is the figure of a white horse, 157 feet long, in the attitude of trotting, cut out of the turf on th^ chalk rock : it was executed about half a century since, under the direction, and at the expense of Dr. Christo- pher Allsop, an eminent physician of Caine 3 and from its lofty situation, this being the highest land between London and Bath, is visible at the distance of twenty or thirty miles, in several directions. CHERINGTON (St, Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Tetbury, hundred of Longtree, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 4 miles (N. N. E.) from Tetbury 3 containing 220 inhabitants. The ancient manor-house was built by Sir John Turner 3 the park contains a great number of deer. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13 5 net income, £176 3 patron. Rev. W. George. The church is a small edifice, with a nave, chancel, south transept, and low tow^er at the west end, exhibiting in some parts traces of the early English style. The Rev. Joseph Trapp, professor of poetry at Oxford, and the translator of Virgil, was born here in 167^. CHERITON (St, Martin), a parish, in the union of Elham, hundred of Folkestone, lathe of Shepway, E. divisions of Kent, 1 mile (W. N. W.) from Sandgate 3 containing II7S inhabitants. This parish, which com- prises 1788a. 2r. 28p., and includes the principal portion of the chapelry of Sandgate, is intersected by the South- Eastern railway, and the Grand Military canal. The living is a rectory, with the vicarage of Newington united, valued in the king’s books at £16. 12. 6.5 patron. Rev. W. Brockman. The tithes have been commuted for £515, and the glebe contains 8 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is in the early English style, and contains several monuments, supposed to be the most ancient in the country. A national school is partly supported by voluntary contributions. CHERITON (St, Michael), a parish, in the union of Alresford, hundred of Fawley, Winchester and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 3 miles (S. by W.) from New Alresford 3 containing, with the ty thing of Beaworth, 709 inhabitants. This parish participated in the conflicts of the contending parties during the civil war, and a battle took place here in the reign of Charles L, which, from the scene of action, is called the battle of Alresford : it is situated on the road leading from Winchester to Petersfield, and com- prises about 3000 acres, the soil of which is in general chalky. The living is a rectory, with Kilmeston and Titchbourn annexed, valued in the king’s books at 4 B 2 CHER CHER £66. 2. 6., and in the patronage of the Bishop of Win- chester : the tithes of Cheriton, including those of Beaworth, have been commuted for £625. 10., and the glebe comprises 160 acres, to which there is a glebe- house. The church was erected in 1745. Twenty children are instructed for £12 per annum, a bequest by the Rev. Morgan Jones. On the 30th of June, 1833, some boys playing in a field, called the Old Litten, at Beaworth, discovered a leaden box containing a number of coins in excellent preservation, of the reign of William, supposed to be partly of the Conqueror, and partly of his son, William Rufus. CHERITON, BISHOP (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Crediton, hundred of Won ford, Crockern- well and S. divisions of Devon, 1 1 miles (W. by N.) from Exeter ; containing 848 inhabitants. It comprises by admeasurement 4800 acres, of which about 4000 are arable, 6l0 woodland and copse, 100 pasture, and 90 orchard. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £22. 13. 4., and in the patronage of the Bishop of Exeter : the tithes have been commuted for £390, and the glebe comprises 50 acres, to which there is a glebe -house. A school is partly supported by sub- scription. CHERITON-FITZPAINE (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Crediton, hundred of West Budleigh, Crediton and N. divisions of Devon, 4f miles (N. E. by N.) from Crediton j containing 1156 inhabitants. It includes parts of the tythings of Bradley and Fulford, and comprises by measurement 5365 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books £37* 6. 8. 5 patron and incumbent, Rev. William Harris Arundell, whose tithes have been commuted for £992, and whose glebe comprises 31 acres, to which there is a glebe- house. There is an almshouse for six poor people, founded and endowed in 1594, by Andrew Scotty the income is £45. CHERITON, NORTH (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Wincanton, hundred of Hore- thorne, county of Somerset, 2^ miles (S. W. by S.) from Wincanton 3 containing 290 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the great western road from London to Exeter, comprises 1088a. 2r. 6p. : stone of good quality is quarried for building and for the roads. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 12. 1.) patron and incumbent. Rev. Thomas Gatehouse : the tithes have been com- muted for £195. 17., and a rent- charge of £46. 15. is paid to an impropriator 5 the glebe comprises 29 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. A small school is con- ducted on the national plan. John Abbot bequeathed to the poor of the parish seven acres of land, at present producing a rental of £8. 2. CHERITON, SOUTH, a hamlet, in the parish of Horsington, union of Wincanton, hundred of Hore- thorne, E. division of Somerset, miles (S. S. W.) from Wincanton 5 containing 414 inhabitants. Here was formerly a chapel, but it has been demolished. CHERRINGTON, a township, in the parish of Edgmond, union of Newport, Newport division of the hundred of South Bradford, N. division of Salop ; containing 189 inhabitants. CHERRINGTON (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Shipston-upon-Stour, Brails division of the hundred of Kington, S. division of the county 556 of Warwick, 4 miles (S. E.) from Shipston 5 containing 340 inhabitants. It comprises 808a. Ir. 22p., and is intersected by the river Stour. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 10. 7^- 1 net income, £259 5 patron, Daniel Turner, Esq. The tithes were commuted for land and money pavments in 1805. CHERRY-BURTON, county 'of York.— See Bur- ton, Cherry. — And all places having a similar distin- guishing prefix will he found under the proper name, CHERTSEY (All Saints), a market -town and parish, and the head of a union, in the Second division of the hundred of Godley, W. division of Surrey, 13 miles (N. N. E.) from Guildford, and 20 (W. S. W.) from London ; containing 5347 inhabitants. During the heptarchy, the South Saxon kings had their residence in this town 5 and it became noted for a Benedictine monastery, founded, in 666, by Erkenwald, afterwards Bishop of London, and which, having been burnt to the ground in the war with the Danes, was refounded by King Edgar, and dedicated to St. Peter. In this abbey Henry YI. was privately interred j but his re- mains were subsequently removed, and deposited, with appropriate solemnities, in the royal chapel at Windsor. At the Dissolution, its revenue was £774. 13. 6. : some portions of the outer walls remain, and on the site, and with part of the materials, of the abbey, a private man- sion, called the Abbey House, has been erected. The town is pleasantly situated upon the Thames, over which is a handsome stone bridge of seven arches, built in 1785, at an expense of £13,000, defrayed jointly by the counties of Surrey and Middlesex : the houses are in general neatly built of brick j the streets are partially paved, and lighted 5 and the inhabitants are plentifully supplied with water from springs. A neat building, of which the first stone was laid in November, 1838, by the high sheriff of the county, has been erected for a Literary and Scientific Institution. The trade is principally in malt and flour 5 the manufacture of coarse thread, and the making of iron-hoops and brooms, are carried on to a considerable extent 3 and a great quantity of bricks is also made in the neighbourhood. The place is about three- miles from the Weybridge station of the South- Western railway 5 and the river Wey navigation and canal passes within two miles, and joins the Thames a little to the north of Weybridge, affording facility of conveyance for the several articles of manufacture, and for large quantities of vegetables, which ^re cultivated in the environs for the London market. The market, chartered by Queen Elizabeth, in 1559> is on Wednes- day : the fairs are on the first Monday and Tuesday in Lent, for cattle ^ May 14th, for sheep ; and August 6th and September 25th, for toys and pedlery. A court of pie-poudre is attached to the fair in Lent. The county magistrates hold a meeting for the division on the first and third Wednesdays in every month 5 and headbo- roughs and other officers are appointed on Tuesday in Whitsun-week, at the court leet of the lord of the manor, who also holds a court baron on the follow- ing day at Hardwick Court, now^ a farm-house, but once the manorial mansion, in which Henrv YI. resided when a child. The parish comprises about 10,020 acres. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13. 12. 4. 5 net income, £307 3 patrons, the Haberdashers’ Com- pany, and the Governors of Christ’s Hospital 3 impro- C H E S CHE S priators, the landowners. The churchy a handsome structure, in the later English style, with a square embattled tower, was rebuilt with money raised on annuities, in 1808 5 it contains a tablet to the memory of the celebrated orator and statesman, Charles James Fox, and several monuments to the Mawbey family. A church has been lately built at Addlestone {which see) 3 and there are places of worship for Independents and Methodists. A school was founded, in 1725, by Sir William Perkins, who endowed it with £3000 Bank stock, which sum, augmented by an accumulating an- nual surplus, produces at present nearly £400 per an- num : the school has been extended upon the national plan. There are some almshouses, under the manage- ment of the vicar and churchwardens ; and the interest of £45 is distributed among the most deserving of the almspeople on Christmas eve. The toils and profits arising from stallage in the market and fairs were granted by Queen Elizabeth to the poor, for whose benefit there are also various other charitable bene- factions. The union of Chertsey comprises 9 parishes or places, and contains a population of 14,929. Near the town is St. Anne’s Hill, commanding an extensive prospect, formerly the residence of Charles James Fox, and in which are some tessellated pavements, collected from the ruins of the abbey : the water of St. Anne’s Well was formerly in repute for its efficacy in curing diseases of the eye. The poet Cowley lived for some time in an ancient house in the town, called Cowley House, in which he died ^ and Mr. Day, author of Sandford and Merton, resided in the vicinity. CHESEL, a hamlet, in the parish of Winterslow, union of Alderbury, hundred of Alderbury, Salis- bury and Amesbury, and S. divisions of Wilts, 8 miles (E. by N.) from Salisbury. About a mile from this place is a curious earthwork, of oval form, containing five acres, and supposed to have been a Roman amphi- theatre ; on the north side is a large rampart. CHESELBORNE, a parish, in the union of Cerne, hundred of Whiteway, Cerne division of Dorset, 10^ miles (S. W. by W.) from Blandford-Forum j containing 346 inhabitants. It comprises about 2580 acres, chiefly arable and pasture land : the surface is hilly, and the soil, which is watered by three small streams, in general chalky. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £18. 10. 5. ; net income, £254 5 patron. Lord Rivers. The glebe contains 40 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. In the churchyard is an ancient stone cross. A school is chiefly supported by the minister. CHESHAM {St. Mary), a market-town and parish, in the union of Amersham, hundred of Burnham, county of Buckingham, 3 miles (N.) from Amersham, and 29 (N. W. by W.) from London •, comprising the hamlets of Asheridge, Ashley-Green, Bellingdon, Botley, Charteridge, Hundridge, Latimer, and Waterside j and containing 5593 inhabitants, of whom 2425 are in the town. This place derives its name from the small river Chess, which rises in the neighbourhood, and, after running through the town, empties itself into the Colne near Rickmansworth. The town, which consists of three streets, is situated in a pleasant and fertile valley, and was formerly noted for its extensive manu- facture of wooden-ware and turnery, which has of late much declined. The prevailing branch of manufacture is the making of shoes for the London market 5 many 557 females are employed in making lace and straw-plat 5 and there are several mills worked by the Chess for the manufacture of paper, and a silk-mill worked by machinery. The market days are Wednesday, for corn, wffiich is pitched in the market-place, and Saturday, for straw-plat and provisions : fairs are held on April 21st and July 22nd, for cattle 3 and September 28th, a statute fair. The parish comprises by computation 12,000 acres, which, excepting about 500 of wood, are chiefly arable : the surface is in general hilly, and the soil on the high lands abounds with flint and chalk, which latter is obtained for manure. The living is a discharged vicarage, formerly consisting of the medie- ties of Chesham-Leicester and Chesham- Woburn, each valued in the king’s books at £13. I. 5^., but con- solidated in 1767 5 net income £453 5 patron and im- propriator, Duke of Bedford. The church is an ancient cruciform structure, with a square embattled tower sur- mounted by a low spire : in the chancel is a monument from an elegant design by Bacon, to the memory of Nicholas Skottowe, Esq. At Latimer is a chapel of considerable antiquity, which has lately undergone a thorough repair 3 it is supposed to have been built and endowed by the Cavendish family. There are four places of worship for dissenters, two of which are for Baptists. A school, on the British and Foreign plan, is supported by subscription 3 and a school, established in 1822, is maintained by the Countess of Burlington. Almshouses for four persons were founded by Mr. Thos. Weedon, of London, and endowed with £35 per annum. A chalybeate spring was discovered in 1820. At Ashe- ridge, a college for a rector and twenty brethren was founded in 1283, by Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, the revenue of which, at the Dissolution, was £447. 18. CHESHAM-BOIS {St. Leonard), a parish, in the union of Amersham, hundred of Burnham, county of Buckingham, 1 1 mile (N. E. by N.) from Amersham 3 containing 218 inhabitants. It comprises 905cr. 3r. 32p., of which about 620 acres are arable, and 150 woodland 3 the situation is hilly, and the soil, in general a stiff clay, resting on chalk, produces excellent wheat. The parish is intersected in the northern portion of it, by a branch of the river Colne, on the banks of which are a corn- mill and a mill for the manufacture of paper. The living is a donative rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 6 . 8 ., and in the gift of the Duke of Bedford ; the tithes have been commuted for £l60, and the glebe comprises 2^ acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church was formerly a chapel of ease to the vicarage of Chesham, and is supposed to have been originally a private chapel to the adjoining mansion, belonging at that time to Lord Cheney, whose family monuments are in the church, the records of which extend back as far as to the year 1560 3 the pulpit and a painted window are great curiosities, and exhibit much skill and ingenuity. CHESHIRE, a maritime county, bounded on the north by the estuary of the Mersey, the county of Lancaster, and a small part of the county of York 5 on the east by the counties of Derby and Stafford 3 on the south by the county of Salop, and a detached por- tion of Flintshire 5 on the west by the counties of Den- bigh and Flint, and the estuary of the Dee 3 and on the north-west by the Irish Sea. It extends from 52° 56' to 53° 32' (N. Lat.), and from 1° 48' to 3° 10' (W. Lon.), and includes 1052 square miles, or 673,280 statute C H E S C H E S acres. Within the limits of the county are 73^444 in- habited houses, 6844 uninhabited and 547 in progress of erection ; and the population amounts to 395,660, of whom 193,646 are males, and ^02,014 are females. The name is a contraction of Chestershire. At the time of the Roman invasion, the country formed part of the territory occupied by the Cornavii : in the first divi- sion of Britain by the Romans it was included in Bri- tannia Superior, and in their subsequent subdivision it became part of Flavia Ccesariensis. Under the Saxons it was a portion of the powerful kingdom of Mercia 3 and upon the division of England into three great dis- tricts by Alfred, it was comprehended in that called Mercenlege, or the Mercian jurisdiction.” Cheshire is within the diocese of Chester, and province of York 5 it forms an archdeaconry, and comprises the deaneries of Chester, Frodsham, Macclesfield, Nantwich, Malpas, Middlewich, and Wirrall, containing 87 parishes. For purposes of civil jurisdiction it is divided into the hun- dreds of Broxton, Bucklow, Eddisbury,* Macclesfield, Nantwich, Northwich, and Wirrall. It contains the city and port of Chester (which however forms a county of itself) 3 the large manufacturing towns of Macclesfield and Stockport, recently created parliamentary boroughs 3 and the other market-towns of Altrincham, Congleton, Frodsham, Knutsford, Malpas, Middlewich, Nantwich, Northwich, Sandbach, and Tarporley. Under the act of the 2 nd of William IV., cap. 45, the county was divided into two parts, the Northern and Southern, each sending to parliament two knights of the shire. Two citizens are returned for the city of Chester, and two burgesses each for Macclesfield and Stockport 3 and the village of Farndon, bordering on Denbighshire, is in- cluded within the limits of the adjacent borough of Holt, and shares in the election of one member for the district of boroughs comprising Denbigh, Ruthin, and Holt. Under the act of the 1 st of William IV., cap. 70, for the more effectual administration of justice in England and Wales, the assizes were directed to be held in Cheshire and each of the counties of Wales, in like manner as such courts had been held in the counties of England having no palatine jurisdiction 3 one of the two judges appointed by her Majesty’s commission to hold the assizes within the county of Chester and prin- cipality of Wales proceeding to hold such assizes in North Wales, and the other in South Wales, and both holding the assizes in and for the county of Chester, as in other English counties. The assizes, and the Epi- phany and Easter quarter-sessions, are held at Chester, where stands the county gaol 3 and the Midsummer and Michaelmas quarter-sessions, at Knutsford, where is the house of correction. William the Conqueror, having granted the county to his nephew, Hugh Lupus, the latter was constituted the first hereditary earl in England, that dignity having previously been an office of the executive government of the realm 3 and by the terms of the grant he acquired jura regalia within the county, in the exercise of which he created eight parliamentary barons (one of whom was hereditary constable, and another hereditary steward), assembled parliaments, and established courts of law^ His descendants continued to enjoy this sovereignty until the death of John, Earl of Chester, in 1237, without male issue ; in consequence of which Henry III. seized on the county of Chester, gave other lands in lieu to the 558 sisters of the deceased earl, and bestowed the earldom on his son. Prince Edward. Richard II., having erected Cheshire into a principality, added to his other titles that of Princeps Cestrice ; but this act was abrogated by his successor, and it again became a county palatine, and continued, under the king’s eldest sons, as earls of Chester, to be governed, as in the time of its ancient earls, by a jurisdiction separate from, and independent of, the parliament of England. The ancient privileges of the palatinate were much abridged in the 27 th of Henry VIII., prior to which time the lord high chan- cellor of England did not appoint justices of the peace, justices of the quorum, or of gaol delivery, within the county 3 the authority of the earl within the palatinate being as absolute as that of the king throughout the realm, and so extensive that he had power to pardon for treason and felony, to rescind outlawries, and to appoint justices of eyre, assize, gaol delivery, and of the peace 3 and all original and judicial wtHs, and indictments, for treason and felony, with the process thereon, were made in his name. In consequence of this curtailment of its privileges, the county petitioned that it might send knights and burgesses to the parliament of the realm, in accordance with which a statute was* passed in 1542, enacting that thenceforward two knights should, be re- turned to parliament for the county palatine, and two burgesses for the city of Chester. The authority of the judges and officers of the great session of the county palatine, which, says Lord Coke, is the most ancient and honourable remaining in England,” formerly ex- tended over the counties of Chester and Flint, for both which one seal was used 3 and the king’s writ did not run in the palatinate, all writs from the superior courts being directed to the chamberlain of Chester, who issued his mandate to the sheriff. The chamberlain had, within the county palatine and the county of the city of Chester, the jurisdiction of chancellor 3 and the court of exchequer, at Chester, was the chancery court, whereof the chamberlain, or his deputy, w^as the sole judge in equity : he was also judge at the common law within the said limits : the other officers of the court were the vice-chamberlain, baron,- seal-keeper, filizer, examiner, six clerks or attorneys of the court, and some inferior officers. But by the recent statute above mentioned, the whole of these jurisdictions have been abolished, and the subjects of them transferred to the courts at Westminster. The general appearance of the county is that of an extended plain, thickly covered with wood 3 so that, from some points of view, its entire surface wears the aspect of a vast and continued forest. The most elevated lands are on its eastern border, and in the western part from Malpas to Frodsham. There are several small lakes, called meres or pools, of which Comberrnere is a fine sheet of water, nearly two miles in length and half a mile in breadth, close to the site of Comberrnere Abbey. The Soils are intermingled 3 the prevailing species are clay and sand, a tolerably strong and retentive clay existing in the largest proportion. The substratum on which the soils rest is commonly clay or marl 3 but in some places it is found to consist of sand, rammel, fox- bench, gravel, and red rock : the rammel is a hard argil- laceous substance, very unfavourable to the vegetation on the surface 3 as also, in a still greater degree, is the foxbench. The proportion of land in tillage is much C H E S C H E S inferior to that of many counties possessing tlie same degree of fertility : wheat and oats, but principally the latter, are the chief objects of culture 5 and in a con- siderable tract bordering on Lancashire, into which county it also extends, potatoes are a more common agricultural crop than in any other part of the kingdom. The ordinary artificial grasses are red and white clover, rye* grass, trefoil, rib-grass, and vetches. As the making of cheese is a principal object of husbandry, the propor- tion of pasture land is very considerable ; and it is cal- culated that the number of cows kept for the dairy is about 9^,000, and that the quantity of cheese annually made is about 11,500 tons. There are few woods and plantations of great extent, yet the quantity of timber growing here is more than the average of the same space in the kingdom at large 5 it is scattered chiefly in hedge- rows and coppices. The wastes consist of the large tract of hilly land on the Derbyshire border, and several peat mosses, such as Lindow Common, Featherbed Moss, &c., in the hundred of Macclesfield 3 Rud Heath 3 and some smaller tracts in different parts of the county 3 but great progress has for several years been made in their inclosure, of which the most remarkable instance is that of Delamere Forest. The Mineral Productions of the county are various and important. The principal and the most remarkable, as forming one of its staple productions, and being almost peculiar to it, is salt, the manufacture of which appears to have been carried on here from the most remote pe- riod, and to have yielded a. considerable revenue to the crown, even prior to the Norman Conquest. This arti- cle was, until a late period, manufactured only from the water of the brine springs 3 and even so late as the be- ginning of the last century, the salt made in Cheshire supplied merely its own consumption and that of a few adjacent counties, the English salt being then considered inferior to that imported from the continent 3 but the preparation, as well for home consumption as for expor- tation, exceedingly increased in the course of that cen- tury 3 and the trade is now of the first national import- ance, and the source of an extensive commerce. The first bed of fossil rock salt was found in I670, in search- ing for coal, at Marbury, about a mile to the north of Northwich 3 and this place, and its immediate neigh- bourhood, continued to be the only part of the county in which rock salj was known to exist until 1779, when extensive beds were found near Lawton. The first bed of salt, found at the depth of about 40 yards, is here 25 yards in thickness 3 and the second, which is at the depth of about 7d yards, is of unknown thickness, having been dug for about 36 yards. The cavities formed in working the salt, which are generally about fifteen feet in height, and are separated by massive pil- lars of salt, eight or ten yards square, when illuminated by candles fixed in the rock, have a highly brilliant and picturesque appearance. The salt from the brine is pro- cured by evaporation and crystallization in large pans placed over fires. The next most valuable mineral is Coal, which is procured chiefly in the range of high ground extending between Macclesfield and Stockport, and connected with the Derbyshire hills. In the beds of sandstone composing Alderley-Edge are several breaks, extending across it from east to west, and filled irregularly with sandstone and masses of barytes, among which are veins of Lead and Copper ores. Simi- 559 lar veins have also been found at Mottram-St. Andrew, a little to the north-east 5 and copper-ore is likewise procured in the Peckforton hills, forming the southern part of the range which extends across the middle of the county. Several quarries of excellent Freestone are worked in different parts of the county, among which those at Runcorn and at Manley, on the north-west side of Delamere Forest, are the most considerable. At Kerredge, on the hills near Macclesfield, is a species of Sandstone peculiarly adapted to the formation of flags and hones. Limestone is no where found but at New- bold- Astbury, where large quantities are burned with coal brought from Staffordshire. Marl exists almost in every part, and Gypsum is found in some places. From its proximity to Manchester, the county has participated in the great extension of the Cotton manufacture, and there are now few situations within its limits favourable for the purpose where cotton-mills have not been erected 3 which is more especially the case in the northern part of the county, where the cotton trade has rendered Stock- port one of the most important towns in the kingdom : the same trade is also of considerable extent at Maccles- field, Marple, and Congleton. A large quantity of muslin is made at Macclesfield, and in Stockport and its neighbourhood. There are numerous silk-mills at Congleton, Macclesfield, Stockport, and Sandbach 3 the weaving of ribbon forms the staple trade of Congleton, and that of silk handkerchiefs of the more important town of Macclesfield, where also silk-ferret is made. At Knutsford is a manufacture of thread 3 and the manufacture of hats for exportation at Stockport, Mac- clesfield, and Nantwich, and that of shoes at Sandbach, are each considerable. Some woollen-cloths are made at the north-eastern extremity of the county, in the parish of Mottram 3 and tanning is extensively car- ried on. The principal rivers are the Dee, the Mersey, and the Weaver, to which the minor streams of the Dane, the Bollin, the Peover, the Wheelock, and the Tame, are tributary. The Dee, a little below the city of Ches- ter, enters an artificial channel, by which it is carried through the marshes in the north-eastern extremity of Flintshire, by Hawarden, to its expansive estuary, which is in some parts seven miles in breadth, but so full of sands that at low water the channel is almost entirely dry : this opens to the Irish Sea near Hilbree Island, where it is about five miles in breadth. Prior to the year 1449 , the navigation of the Dee had become so much obstructed by sand, as to cause the stream fre- quently to change its channel, and occasion the total ruin of the haven of Chester 3 to obviate which evil a new quay or haven was made nearly six miles from Chester, about the middle of the following century, and in 1560 a pecuniary collection for it was made in all churches throughout the kingdom : on its completion, all goods and merchandise conveyed from or brought to the port of Chester were there shipped and landed. In 1700, an act was obtained to enable the mayor and citi- zens of Chester to recover and preserve the navigation of the Dee 3 and another act being passed in 1734 , em<- powering some gentlemen willing to undertake the work, to inclose a large tract of the banks of the river, called the White Sands, on the condition of making a naviga- ble line from the sea to Chester, the present artificial channel was completed in 1740 , in which year the nn- / C H E S C H E S dertakers were incorporated by the name of ‘^The Com- pany of Proprietors of the Undertaking for recovering and preserving the Navigation of the river Dee,” and have since obtained several confirmatory acts. In 1763, 1411 acres of land were recovered from the sea; in 1769, 664 5 and in 1795, 348; and this reclaimed tract has been greatly augmented by subsequent embank- ments. The Mersey forms the boundary between this county and Lancashire, and below Warrington, where it meets the tide, begins to expand until it reaches Runcorn Gap, where it is suddenly rendered narrow by a projection from the Lancashire side. Below this point it immedi- ately opens into a grand estuary, three miles in width, which gradually contracts until it arrives at Liverpool, where it is only three-quarters of a mile in width, but forms a fine channel, at least ten fathoms deep at low water, and very commodious for shipping. At the dis- tance of about five’miles further, measuring by the Che- shire coast, it falls into the Irish Sea, through different inlets, separated and much obstructed by sands ; but the passage is rendered secure by means of various landmarks, buoys, and lighthouses, and the good system of pilotage established by the Liverpool merchants. The Weaver rises on Bulkeley Heath, in the south-western part of the county, and pursues its entire course within its limits : this river, in its natural state, being naviga- ble only at high tides, and but for six miles above Frods- ham bridge, a company of Cheshire gentlemen, in 1720, entered into a subscription for the purpose of procuring an act of parliament for extending the navigation from Frodsham bridge to Winsford bridge, and all incum- brances brought on by this undertaking were discharged in 1778, since which time a considerable surplus revenue, arising from tonnage, &c., has been annually paid into the county treasury in aid of the rate, as provided by the act, and the returns are now estimated at about £^0,000 per annum. The total length of the Weaver navigation is nearly 24 miles, and the extensive trade upon it in salt and coal, and in flint and clay for the Staffordshire potteries, makes the tonnage greater than perhaps that of any river of its size in the king- dom. The Canals that intersect Cheshire jn various direc- tions, are, the Duke of Bridgewater s^ commenced under an act passed in 1759, and completed, with its several branches, under various others ; the Trent and Mersey , or Grand Trunk canal, begun under an act obtained in 1766, which has been amended by numerous subsequent acts ; the Ellesmere and Chester canal, commenced under an act procured in 1772, and finished under many others with different branches ; the Peak Forest canal, the first act for which was passed in _ 1794 ; and the Macclesfield canal, the act for constructing which was obtained in 1825. The Huddersfield canal also pursues its course for some distance within the northern confines of the county, on the south side of the valley of the Tame ; and there is a branch canal from Stockport, communicating with the Manchester, Ashton-under- Line, and Oldham canal, which at Ashton approaches close to the borders of Cheshire, and in the vicinity of that town is connected with the Peak Forest and Hud- dersfield canals. The Grand Junction railway enters the county at Blackenhall, between Checkley and W rinehill, and proceeds in a direction to the west of Crewe Hall, 560 where it is joined by the Manchester and Birmingham, and the Chester and Crewe, railways ; it afterwards pur- sues its course to the river Mersey, and at Warrington unites with the Warrington and Newton railway ; it was opened on the 4th July, 1837. The Chester and Crewe railway runs from the station in Chester to the Grand Junction railway at Crewe, a distance of 20| miles ; in its course it is carried over the river Weaver, and several bridges, by an extensive viaduct, and at Christleton it passes under the Ellesmere canal ; it was opened for passengers and general traffic in October, 1840, at which time the company united with the Grand Junction company. The Chester and Birkenhead railway, commences at Chester, and proceeds to Birkenhead, on the Mersey, opposite to Liverpool, a distance of 14j miles ; it passes over several extensive embankments, and by a viaduct of 1 1 arches over the Ellesmere canal ; it was opened for passengers and general traffic in Sep- tember, 1840. The Sheffield, Ashton-under-Line, and Manchester railway, crosses the north-eastern angle of the county, which interposes between Lancashire, York- shire, and Derbyshire ; it is of recent construction, and is a line of great importance. Few Roman remains have been discovered, except within the walls of Chester, which, under the name of Deva, was for more than two centuries the station of the twentieth legion, vestiges of whose occupation are even yet numerous : the site of no other station within the county has been clearly ascertained, though it is con- jectured by Whitaker, on interesting local evidence, that the station of Condate was at Kinderton, and that there were likewise fortified posts at Stockport, Stretford, and Warrington. Many Roman roads traversed this ter- ritory, of which the principal were, one from Manchester to Kinderton, one from Kinderton to Wroxeter, one from Kinderton southward by the vicinity of Sandbach, one from Kinderton to the station at Chesterton, near New’castle-under-Line ; one from Kinderton to Chester ; the ancient Watling- street, originally of British con- struction, from the south-eastern coast of the island to Chester ; and a great road called by Sir R. C. Hoare, the V ia Devana, from Chester southward : but the ex- isting remains of these are few, scattered, and imperfect. Prior to the Dissolution, Cheshire contained 13 Religious Houses, including one commandery of the Knights Hos- pitallers : there were, besides, two colleges and nine ancient hospitals. Of some of these houses there are yet considerable remains, especially of the abbey of St. Werburgh, at Chester. The principal remains of ancient Castles are those of Chester and Beeston, though the former were much diminished in 1790, for the purpose of erecting on their site the present noble county hall, gaol, and barracks ; and vestiges of those of Halton, Alford, Shotwick, and Shotlach are yet traceable. There are several remarkable ancient mansions, of which the chief are, Doddington, Bramhall, Saighton, Little More- ton, Dutton, Poole, Brereton, and Crewe Halls ; and many of the modern seats are elegant edifices, of which the most distinguished are, Eaton Hall, Dunham- Massey, Cholmondeley Castle, and a few others. At Buglawton is a saline and sulphureous spring, efficacious in the cure of scorbutic diseases ; at Shaw Heath, near Stockport, is a strong chalybeate spring ; and some of the brine springs already noticed have also chalybeate properties. C H E S C H E S CHESHUNT (St. Mary), a parish, and formerly a market-town, in the union of Edmonton, hundred and county of Hertford, 8 miles (S. by E.) from Hertford 5 containing, with Cheshunt-street, Waltham- Cross, and Woodside wards, 540*2 inhabitants. In this parish was formerly a bank separating the kingdoms of Mercia and East Anglia, during the heptarchy, the lands on one side of which the elder brother still inherits, and the younger those on the other side. Cardinal Wolsey possessed the united manors of Andrews and Le Mote, in the parish, and received from the crown the appoint- ment of bailiff of the honour, and keeper of the park of Cheshunt. Here stood the palace called Theobalds, the favourite residence of Lord Burleigh, and afterwards of James I., who died here in 16^5 5 it was also the occa- sional resort of Charles I., who here received the petition from both houses of parliament in 1642, a short time before he placed himself at the head of the army. The greater part of the palace, the park attached to which was ten miles in circuit, and surrounded by a wall, was taken down by the Parliamentary Commissioners for selling the crown lands, in 1650. Near the church is a bouse in which Richard Cromwell, after resigning the protectorate, lived in retirement, under the assumed name of Clark, till his death, in 1712. The parish comprises about 8450 acres, the soil of which is rich and fertile, consisting of the several varieties of gravel, clay, and loam ; the surface is undulated and hilly, and the scenery diversified and beautiful, and enlivened and ornamented by the picturesque windings of the New River, and the expansive and commanding stream of the Lea. The village is supposed to occupy the site of a Roman station on the Ermin-street : the petty-sessions for the division are held here. . The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £26 j net income, £401 5 patron. Marquess of Salis- bury ; impropriator, J. J. Martin, Esq. : there is a good glebe-house, and nearly 200 acres of land were allotted, at the inclosure, in 1800, in lieu of tithes. A n.ew church, in the later English style, with a campanile turret, was erected in 1832, at an expense of £3282. 8., under an act of the 58th of George III. Cheshunt Col- lege, for the instruction and preparation of young men for the ministry, was originally established, in I768, at Talgarth, in the county of Brecon, South Wales, by the Countess of Huntingdon, who continued to support it until her death in 179L when it was removed by the trustees to this place, and re-opened on the 24th of August, 17923 a chapel was built in 1806, and in 1821 a new building was annexed, for the accommoda- tion of 20 additional students. The institution is sup- ported by the interest on about £8000 stock, a portion of an estate called Cobham, and subscriptions, the whole producing about £1200 per annum. The free school was founded about 1642, and endowed with land by Robert Dewhurst, who built the school-house, and also assigned 20 nobles each for apprenticing six boys. There are a national school for boys, a school of in- dustry for girls, and the vicarage school, built on the glebe by the vicar, all supported by subscription. Alms- houses for ten widows, at Turner’s Hill, are endowed with a donation of £500 from James I., and the income has been augmented by various additional benefactions. To the north were recently some remains of a nunnery, founded in the reign of Stephen, by Peter de Belengey, VoL. I. — 561 in honour of the Blessed Virgin, for nuns of the Sem- pringham order, in w^hich Henry III. afterwards placed others of the Benedictine order : its revenue, in the 26th of Henry VHL, was estimated at £27. 6. 8. Wal- tham-Cross, a considerable hamlet in the parish, is dis- tinguished by a beautiful stone cross, erected by Edward I., in memory of his queen, Eleanor. Roman coins of the reigns of Adrian, Claudius Gothicus, and Constan- tine, were found in 1724. CHESLYN-HAY, an extra-parochial liberty, locally in the parish of Cannock, union of Penkridge, E. division of the hundred of Cuttlestone, S. division of the county of Stafford, 7 miles (S. E. by S.) from Penkridge 3 containing 774 inhabitants, and comprising by computation 790 acres. CHESSINGTON, a parish, in the union of Epsom, Second division of the hundred of Copthorne and Effingham, W. division of Surrey, 3 miles (S.) from Kingston 3 containing 226 inhabitants. . The parish comprises by admeasurement 1223 acres, of which 970 are arable, and about 200 pasture 3 the soil is chiefly clay. It is annexed to the vicarage of Malden, and the Warden and Fellows of Merton College, Oxford, are im- propriators : the tithes have been commuted for £305, and the glebe contains 25 acres. The church is in the early English style. A national school is supported. There is a strong chalybeate spring, called Jessop’s Well. CHESTER, a city, port, and county of itself, locally in the hundred of Bboxton, S. division of the county of Chester, of which it is the capital, 17 miles (S.) from Liverpool, 36 (S. W.) from Manchester, and 181 (N. W.) from London, through Coventry and Lichfield, and 190 through Northampton and Leicester 3 containing 23,115 inhabitants, and, in- eluding those portions of the parishes of St. Mary-on- the-Hill, St. Oswald, and the Holy Trinity, which are without the limits of the city, 25,613. The origin of this ancient city has been ascribed to the Cornavii, a British tribe, who, at the time of the Roman invasion, inhabited that part of the island which now includes the counties of Chester, Salop, Stafford, Warwick, and Wor- cester 3 and its British name Caer Leon Vawr, city of Leon the Great,” has been referred to Leon, son of Brfit Dari an La, eighth king of Britain. But there is no authentic account of Chester prior to the period when it was made the station of the twentieth Roman legion, after the defeat ofCaractacus 3 and the more respectable historians deduce its names, Caer Leon Vawr, city” or camp of the great legion,” and Caer Leon ar Dwfyr dwij, the city of the legion on the Dee,” from its con- nexion with that people : it was also called Deunana and Deva, from the same river. The Romans occupied it from the year 46 till their departure from the island in 446, when it reverted to the Britons, from whom it was taken by Ethelfrith, king of Northumbria, who, in 607, defeated them, under the king of Powysland, with great slaughter. But having regained possession of the- place, the Britons continued to hold it till 828, when 4 C C H E S C H E S Egbert, as sole monarch of England, annexed it to his other possessions. By the Saxons it was called Legan- cester and Legecester. It suffered greatly from the Danes in the ninth century : on their retreat, the walls were repaired by Ethelfreda, Countess of Mercia y and after her death the Britons once more became its masters, but were again driven out by Edward the Elder. In 971-3, Edgar assembled a naval force on the Dee, on which occasion that king, as mentioned by some writers, was rowed from his palace on the southern bank of the river to the conventual church of St. John, by eight tri- butary kings, he himself taking the helm, to denote his supremacy. On the division of England between Canute and Ed- mund Ironside, in 1016 , Canute retained possession of Mercia and Northumbria, and Chester, which was in- cluded in Mercia, continued to form part of it till the Norman Conquest, when William bestowed it, with the earldom, on his kinsman, Hugh Lupus. At this time, according to Domesday book, the city contained 431 rateable houses. For more than two centuries after the Conquest, it was the head-quarters of the troops em- ployed to defend the English border against the incur- sive attacks of the Welsh 3 and, on account of its im- portance as a military station, was, during that period, more or less favoured by the reigning monarchs. In the war between Henry III. and the barons, Chester was captured by the Earl of Derby, in the year 1264, and held for the crown till the battle of Evesham, in which the barons were defeated with the loss of their leader, and an end put to the contest. On the subjuga- tion of Wales, in the year 1300, by Edward I., several of the Welsh chieftains did homage to his son, Edward of Carnarvon, then an infant, in Chester castle. Richard II., by an act of parliament, which was rescinded by his successor, erected the earldom of Chester into a principality, to be held only by the king’s eldest son. The city, in common with the whole county, suffered considerably from the sanguinary conflicts between the houses of York and Lancaster, during which it was visited by Margaret of Anjou. In 1554, the inhabitants experienced the severity of the persecution by which the reign of Mary was distinguished 3 and the martyrdom of George Marsh, a clergyman, who was burnt for preach- ing the tenets of Protestantism, was rendered memor- able by an attempt of one of the sheriffs to rescue him, which was defeated by the other. In 1634, the city suffered dreadfully from the plague 3 during its conti- nuance the court of exchequer was removed to Tarvin, and the court of assize to Nantwich, and the fairs were suspended. In the memorable siege of the city by Sir William Brereton, in 1645, when the garrison was com- manded by Lord Byron, the inhabitants experienced great privations for their adherence to the cause of Charles I., who had the mortification to witness, from the Phoenix tower and the great tower of the cathedral, the entire defeat of his army under Sir Marmaduke Langdale, and its pursuit by the enemy even to the very walls 3 the noble commander, after a gallant resistance, surrendered on honourable terms, Feb. 3rd, 1646. In 1659 , Sir George Booth surprised and took possession of the city, but it was soon surrendered to the parlia- mentary forces under General Lambert. In 1688 , the Roman Catholic lords, Molyneux and Aston, raised a force, and made themselves masters of Chester, for 562 James II. 3 but his abdication rendered further efforts useless. Under William III. it was chosen one of the six cities for the residence of an assay- master, and allowed to issue silver coinage. In the rebellion of 1745, it was fortified against the Pretender, the last military event of importance recorded of a place celebrated as the rendezvous of troops from the earliest times. Situated on a rocky elevation, on the northern bank of the Dee, and half encircled by a fine sweep of the river, the appearance of Chester is remarkable and picturesque. The city is entirely surrounded by a wall, and comprises four principal streets, diverging at right angles from a common centre, and extending towards the cardinal points 3 at the extremity of each is a gate, after which are respectively named Eastgate-street, Northgate-street, Bridgegate -street, and Watergate- street : this plan, strictly conformable to the Roman style of building, affords strong presumptive evidence of its Rortian origin. Within the liberty of the city is an extensive southern suburb, called Hanbridge, which in feudal times generally fell a prey to the predatory incur- sions of the Welsh, and thence obtained, in their lan- guage, the appellation of Treboeth, the burnt town.” The streets, being cut out of the rock, are several feet below the general surface, a circumstance that has led to a singular construction of the houses. Level with the streets are low shops, or warehouses, over which is an open balustraded gallery, with steps at convenient dis- tances into the streets 3 and along the galleries, or, as they are called by the inhabitants, rows,” are houses with shops : the upper stories are erected over the row, which, consequently, appears to be formed through the first, floor of each house, and at the intersection of the streets are additional flights of steps. The rows in Bridge and Eastgate streets, running through the prin- cipal part of the city, are much frequented as prome- nades. Pennant considered them to be remnants of the ancient vestibules of the Roman houses 3 but other writers are of opinion that they were originally con- structed for defence, especially against the sudden in- roads of the Welsh. The fronts of such of them as have not been modernised are bounded by a heavy wooden railing 3 and immense pillars of oak, supporting trans- verse beams, sustain the weight of the upper stories. Many of the houses in Bridge and Eastgate streets, having been rebuilt, are considerably improved and en- larged, and their appearance rendered light by iron-rail- ing. The streets, which are well lighted with gas, are indifferently paved, but the inconvenience to foot pas- sengers, to whom the rows afford a sheltered walk, is little felt 3 the inhabitants are plentifully supplied with water, and the city, both within and without the walls, has been much improved of late by the addition of well- built houses. The new bridge, consisting of one arch of 200 feet in the span, is constructed of Peckforton stone, with quoins of granite, at an expense of £50,000, from a design by Mr. Thomas Harrison : the old bridge, con- sisting of seven arches, has, within the last few years, been considerably widened and improved. Fine views of the city, the peninsula of Wirrall, the Welsh hills, and the estuary of the Dee, are obtained from the walls, which afford a delightful and favourite promenade. There are two public libraries : the theatre, a small neat edifice, is open during the races, and generally through- out the summer 3 and grand musical meetings are held C H E S C HE S at distant periods. The races, which attract much com- afterwards allowed to license minstrels and other itine- pany from Wales and the neighbouring counties, com- rants, without their being accounted vagabonds. Four- mence on the first Monday in May, and terminate on the teen days before the commencement of each general fair, Friday following 5 they take place on the Rood- eye, a fine a wooden hand, as the emblem of traffic and bargain, level beneath the city w^alls, well adapted to the purpose, used to be suspended from the Pentice, adjoining St. The PORT is not of much importance, owing to the Peter’s church, where it remained during the fair, a shallowness of the water ^ but, by the exertions of the period of twenty-nine days, when non-freemen were River Dee Company, the channel has been deepened, the allowed to trade in the city. Besides these fairs, there navigation improved, and a tract of ground, formerly are others for the sale of live stock, held on the last sands, but now arable land, has been gained, by altering Thursday in April, the first Thursday in Sept,, the last the course of the river, and making embankments, the Thursday in Nov., and for the sale of cheese and other last of which was completed in 1824. The commerce, agricultural produce, on the days preceding all the fairs, both domestic and foreign, was once somewhat exten- The Linen Hall, built about the year 17SO, is a spacious sive, but is now chiefly confined to Ireland, though a pile of building, forming an oblong square, and corn- few ships trade wdth the Baltic, Spain, Portugal, and prises more than one hundred shops, the Mediterranean shores. The articles imported are, ^ w The city is one of the most linen, butter, provisions, timber, hides, tallow, feathers, ^ ancient corporate towns iron, hemp, flax, kid and lamb skins, fruit, oil, barilla, England. At the Con- and wine 5 those shipped, chiefly coastwise, are, cheese . quest, it ranked as a Giiilda (in large quantities), coal, lead, copper, calamine, and Mercatoris, a constitution lead, copper, and iron ores. About 1736, Chester be- somewhat similar to that of came a great mart for Irish linen, which trade increased modern municipal corpora- so much, that the fairs were principally distinguished tions 3 it w^as chartered by by the quantity sold annually at them, estimated at Norman earls, and ad- 4,000,000 yards. The manufactures are inconsiderable 3 ditional immunities w'ere the principal articles are tobacco, snuff, white-lead, shot, conferred on the inhabitants tobacco-pipes, and leather. The skin trade was formerly ®lp by charter of King John, extensive, but is now extinct ; and the manufacture of Corporation Seal. Edward III. granted to the gloves, in which several hundred persons were employed, corporation all the wacant lands wdthin the liberty of has much declined. The city mills, standing on the west- the city 5 and Richard II. authorised the mayor, sheriffs, ern side of the old bridge, are complete and extensive 3 and commonalty, to hold courts of common law and they were erected a few years since, the previous build- other courts, which privileges were confirmed and ex- ings having been burnt dowm, and formerly were a source tended by Henry IV. and VI. Henry VII., besides of considerable profit to the earls of Chester, the inha- granting a more extensive charter, remitted four-fifths of bitants not being permitted to grind their corn elsewhere, the fee-farm rent of £100 per annum, which Henry HI. Chester is connected with Liverpool by the Ellesmere and Edward I. had claimed from the citizens in con- canal, which commences at Ellesmere Port, on the Mer- sideration of continuing their privileges, and constituted sey, and here joins the Dee and the Chester canal. The the city a county of itself, under the style of the City Chester and Crewe railway diverges from the Grand June- and County of the City of Chester.” Charles II. dis- tion railway, a little to the north of Crewe, and proceeds franchised it in 1684-5; but its liberties were after- in a west-north-w’estern direction towards Chester, after wards restored, with a discretionary power in the crown reaching which, it is connected with the Chester and to displace the officers of the corporation. James II., Birkenhead line, at its terminal station in Brook-street ; availing himself of this prerogative, displaced the mayor, it was opened in Oct. 184Q, and during that year the recorder, and other functionaries, but was induced, at company was united to that of the Grand Junction rail- the approach of the Revolution, to restore them to way, of which the Chester and Crewe railway is now office. By the act of the 5th and 6th of William IV., become a branch. The Chester and Birkenhead line com- cap. 76^ the government is vested in a mayor, 10 alder- mences at the station in Brook- street, Chester, and runs, men, and 30 councillors; the council appoint a sheriff 3 north-north-west, to Birkenhead; it was opened for and the city, formerly in 12 wards, is by that act divided passengers and general traffic, in Sept. 1840, and is 14^ into 5 only; the number of magistrates is 15. No less miles long. The market-days are Wednesday and Sa- than 24 guilds or trade companies, headed by aldermen, turday : the new market-place, comprising five distinct or wardens, hold charters of incorporation under the buildings, was erected at the expense of the corporation, city seal. The freedom of the city is inherited by all in 1828. The fairs are on the last Thursday in February, the sons of freemen, and acquired by servitude and for horses and cattle ; and July 5th and October 10th, birth. On the abridgment of the privileges of the for articles in general, of which Irish linen, Manchester county palatine, in 1541, an act was passed, empower- -goods, Welsh flannel, and Birmingham and Sheffield ing the county to return two knights, and the city two wares, are the principal. The two latter fairs were burgesses, to parliament : the election for the city was granted by Norman earls ; and their antiquity is proved formerly vested in the mayor, aldermen, and common- by the recorded jurisdiction of the Dutton family over councilmen, whether resident or not, and freemen resi- the Cheshire minstrels, which is said to have originated dent in the city a year preceding, in number about in the deliverance of Earl Ranulph de Blundeville from 1300 ; but by the act of the 2nd of William IV., cap. a body of Welsh invaders, by a band of minstrels and 45, it was extended to the £10 householders; and the buffoons, under the command of Hugh Dutton, who had limits of the borough, which anciently comprised 3000 assembled at Chester fair ; for which service Dutton was acres, have been enlarged, so as, for electoral purposes, 563 • 4 C 2 C HE S CrR E S to include part of the township of Great Boughton, and comprehend 3080 acres. The sheriff is returning officer. By ancient usage, confirmed by the several charters^ the mayor^ assisted by the recorder, held crown- mote and port-mote courts : the earliest rolls in these courts are of the date 1^77 : the jurisdiction of the crown-mote extends to all crimes except that of high treason, the mayor having had power to pass sentence of death, and order execution, independently of the crown 5 and in the port-mote pleas to any amount' are cognizable. The recorder is now the sole judge in these courts, since the passing of the Municipal Corporations’ act. There are also two ancient courts, one called the Pentice court,” which has cognizance of personal actions to any amount 3 and the other the Port-mote court,” held before the mayor, to which records are removable from the Pentice court, by command of the mayor without writ. The courts of quarter- sessions are held in the exchange, where the town officers and the members for the city are elected ; and the assizes for the county are held in the castle. The exchange is a handsome brick building, finished in I698 3 it is fronted with stone, supported by columns, and sur- mounted by a glazed cupola. On the ground-floor are the record-room and shops 3 and on the first floor the council and assembly rooms, which are decorated with a picture of George III. by Joshua Reynolds, and hand- some portraits of members of the Grosvenor, Cholmon- deley, Bunbury, and Egerton families, and of several charitable individuals. The city gaol contains twelve wards, day-rooms, and airing-yards, and eight work- rooms. Chester is the principal place of election for the southern division of the county. Of the ancient castle, built by the Conqueror, there remains only a large square tower, called ‘^Julius Agri- cola’s Tower,” now used as a magazine for gunpowder. Though of modern appearance, having recently been newly fronted, it is undoubtedly of great antiquity, and interesting as the probable place of confinement of the Earl of Derby 3 and in which Richard II., and Margaret, Countess of Richmond, were imprisoned. In the second chamber James II. heard mass, on his tour through this part of the kingdom, a short time previously to the Revolution. This apartment, when opened after many years of disuse as a chapel, exhibited, from the richness of its decorations, a splendid appearance, the walls being completely covered with paintings in fresco, as vivid and beautiful as when executed 3 and the roof, from the rich effect produced by the ribs of the groined arches, spring- ing elegantly from slender pillars, with capitals in a chaste and curious style, was equally striking. The remainder of the original structure, which was pulled down in 1790, contained a room termed Hugh Lupus’ Hall, that was regarded as a superb specimen of baro- nial magnificence. The new edifice, which has excited general admiration, was erected from a design by Mr. Harrison, and under his inspection : the principal en- trance is of the Doric order, resembling the Acropolis at Athens. Opposite to the great gate is the shire-hall, a magnificent structure : on the right of the hall is the entrance to the gaol, which is appropriated to debtors and felons of the county. At the eastern side of the yard are barracks, fronted with white freestone, and ornamented with Ionic pillars, and capable of lodging 120 men 3 on the western side is a corresponding build- ’ 564 ing, used as an armoury, which will contain 30,000 stand of arms. The castle is a royal fortress : the esta- blishment consists of a governor, lieutenant-governor, ordnance-keeper, and barrack- master. The constable^ ship of the tower is held by patent, and is free from municipal controul, Chester, with part of the kingdom of Mercia, at an early period gave name to a DIOCESE, which afterwards was incorporated with that of Lichfield. In 1075, Pe- ter, Bishop of Lichfield, re- stored the see to Chester, whence it w^as a second time removed to Lichfield, by his successor, Robert de Lind- . . j . sey. It again became a dio- Arms of the Bishopric. ^ tt -ytttt u ^ ^ cese under Henry Ylll., who named it one of the six new sees created in 1541, and endowed it with a portion of the possessions of the ab- bey of St. Werburgh, the revenue of which, at the Dis- solution, was £1073. 17. 7. The first bishop was John Bird, previously a provincial of the Carmelites, and Bishop of Bangor, who, in 1547, granted the manors and demesnes of the bishopric to the king, accepting impropriations of little value in exchange, and thus rendered it one of the least valuable of the English sees. Its temporalities in Chester consist only of the palace, which was rebuilt in 1752, by Bishop Keene, and its appendages, and two houses near St. John’s church. The act of the 6th and 7th of William IV., cap. 77 > provides that the diocese shall consist of the county of Chester, so much of the county of Flint as is now within it, and that part of Shropshire not in the diocese of Hereford. The jurisdiction of the bishop extends over 573 benefices 3 he has the patronage of the five canonries, which are to be reduced to four 3 and of the archdeaconry, chancellorship, and thirty-five bene- fices, with an income of £3250. The Dean and Chapter have the patronage of the five minor canonries, and eleven benefices, with a net revenue of £630 : the pro- ceeds of one canonry have been transferred to the Ec- clesiastical Commissioners. The minor canons compose a corporation, and have a revenue derived from the pro- duce of land. The cathedral, originally the conventual church of St. Werburgh, was first dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul, but subsequently placed by Ethelfreda under the patronage of the Saxon saint Walmgha, daughter of Wulpheh, King of Mercia : that princess, and Leofric, Earl of Mercia, were great benefactors to the church, as well as Hugh Lupus, who substituted Benedictine monks for Secular canons. On the sup- pression of the abbey, a dean, six prebendaries, and six minor canons, were appointed in lieu of the abbot and monks, the last abbot being made dean : there are also a chancellor, registrar, sacrist, and precentor. At the Dissolution the cathedral was dedicated to Christ and the Blessed Virgin. It stands on the eastern side of Northgate-street, and, exclusively of some interesting remains of the abbey, the present building was erected in the reigns of Henry VII. and Henry VIII. With the exception of the western end, it is, externally, a heavy irregular pile : the tower in the centre, originally intended to sustain a spire, is supported by massive C HE S C H E S piers, and is in the later style of English architecture. Of late years, the exterior, which, from the soft nature of the stone, was greatly dilapidated, has undergone considerable repairs. The interior is elegant and im- pressive, and exhibits portions in the Norman and in the early and decorated styles of English architecture. The piers of the nave are in the decorated style, with flowered capitals 3 and the clerestory, which is in the later style, has a fine range of painted windows. To the east of the north transept are some chapels in the early English style 3 the south transept, which is larger than the north, and consists of a centre and two side aisles, is in the decorated style, and, being separated from the cathedral by a wooden screen, forms the parish church of St. Oswald. The choir has a chequered floor of black and white marble, and the stalls are adorned with light tabernacle work skilfully executed 3 the bishop’s throne, usually deemed Werburgh’s shrine, is a beautiful specimen of workmanship, in the style of the early part of the fourteenth century. The chapter-house, an admirable relic of antiquity, in the early English style, stands in the eastern walk of the cloister 3 it was built by Earl Randulph the first, and became the burial- place of the earls of the original Norman line, except Richard, who perished by shipwreck. Under part of the prebendal houses is a fine Norman crypt, in good preservation, which supported the great hall of the monastery, and had lain concealed till it was cleared out and rendered accessible by order of Dr. Blomfield, the present Bishop of London, who then presided over this see. The city comprises the parishes of St. Bridget, con- taining 675 inhabitants 3 St. John the Baptist, 675^3 Little St. John, extra-parochial 3 St. Martin, 6S2 3 St. Michael, 649 3 St. Olave, 430 3 and St. Peter, 847 5 and part of the parishes of St. Mary-on-the-Hill, ^975 3 St. Oswald, 5959 and the Holy Trinity, 3340 3 and the precinct of the Cathedra! Close, 329. The living of St, Bridget'' s is a rectory not in charge 3 net income, £75, patron, the Bishop. The church, lately rebuilt, is a chaste and elegant structure, in the Grecian style, and of the Doric order 5 towards its erection the Bridge Committee gave £4000, and the parishioners £500. The living of St, John the Baptist's is a vicarage not in charge 3 net income, £237 , patron and impropriator. Marquess of Westminster. The church, formerly collegiate, and, on the removal of the see of Lichfield to Chester by Bishop Peter, used as the cathedral, consists of the nave and portions of the transepts of the ancient cruciform struc- ture, of which the eastern part has been long since de- stroyed : the nave has massive Norman piers, with a triforium and clerestory of the early English character 3 the north porch, in the same style, is very beautiful 5 and the tower, a fine composition, though greatly muti- lated, is detached from the church by the shortening of the western part of the nave. The living of Little St, Johns is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £164 3 patrons. Mayor' and Corporation, who, by the Municipal Corpo- rations’ Act, were directed to dispose of the advowson. The living of St, Martin s is a rectory not in charge 3 net income, £863 patron, the Bishop. The living of St, Michael's is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £84 3 patron, the Bishop. The living of St. Olave' s is a per- petual curacy 3 net income, £89 : patron, the Bishop. .The living of St, Peter's is a discharged perpetual 665 curacy, valued in the king’s books at £ 6 . 13. 4. 3 net income, £120 ; patron, the Bishop. The living of the parish of St. Mary-on-the-Hill is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £62, and in the gift of the Marquess of Westminster : the tithes have been commuted for £140. The church is a venerable building, in the later style of English architecture. The living of St. Oswald's is a dis- charged vicarage, with Churton Heath annexed, valued in the king’s books at £ 8 . 18. 4 . 3 net income, £245 3 patrons, the Dean and Chapter. The parochial church is formed of the south transept of the cathedral. The living of the parish of the Holy Trinity is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 8 . 15. 6.5 net income, £290 ; patron, Earl of Derby : the tithes have been commuted for £ 70 . An additional church, dedi- cated to St. Paul, has been erected, of which the living is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £60 3 patron. Vicar of St. John’s. There are places of v/orship for Baptists, the Society of Friends, the Connexion of the Countess of Huntingdon, Independents, Welsh and Wesleyan Me- thodists, New Connexion of Methodists, Sandemanians, Unitarians, and Roman Catholics. The Free Grammar school was founded by Henry VIII. who, in the 36th year of his reign, endowed it with a rent-charge of £108. I 6 ., for two masters and twenty- four boys, from amongst whom the choristers of the cathedral are chosen : it has an exhibition for a scholar at one of the Universities. The schoolroom, originally the refectory of the monastery, is a fine specimen of the early English style, but retaining little of the ancient edifice, except a stone pulpit, and a staircase in good preservation. The Blue-coat school was founded in I 7 OO, on the recommendation of Bishop Stratford, and en- dowed for the maintenance of thirty-five boys : it is supported by the interest of money arising from bene- factions, legacies, and surpluses of musical festivals, rents of land, and annual subscriptions. In 1781 , the revenue being augmented, a plan was adopted for educat- ing 120 day scholars in addition 3 hence the origin of the Green-coat school, A similar school for girls was established in I 7 I 8 , to which, in 1793, Mary Tilley be- queathed £400, paid in 1815. In 1811, the Marquess of Westminster founded a school for boys, and the Marchioness a school for girls 3 the rooms form a hand- some building near St. John’s church. There are two Dio- cesan schools, one of which, the Diocesan central school, was instituted in 1812, under the patronage of Bishop Law 3 also a day school supported by endowment, and various infants’ and Sunday schools maintained by sub- scription. St. Johns Hospital, a very ancient institution, founded probably before the reign of Henry III., was demolished during the siege of Chester, but was rebuilt in the reign of Charles II., and its revenues were conferred by charter on the corporation, in trust for the poor in the hospital 3 the same charter also included the revenues of St. Giles’s Hospital in Spital Broughton. In consequence of ex- treme neglect and misapplication, the property belong- ing to this charity has been greatly reduced. The buildings, which now occupy the site of St. John’s Hos- pital, form, towards the front, three sides of a quad- rangle, separated from North-street by iron-railings 3 the south wing is used for a chapel, the Blue-coat school occupies the centre, and the remaining wing contains the master’s house, at the back of which is an inclosed C H E S C H E S yard, whereof one side contains six dwellings for poor women, who represent the sisterhood of the hospital. Six almshouses were founded by Sir Thomas Smith in the reign of Henry VII., and are inhabited by widows of freemen • four were founded by Robert Fletcher, in 1674, for widows ; and almshouses, containing I6 rooms, in St. John’s-lane, are tenanted by as many poor women. In 165s, William Jones, Esq., of the Middle Temple, granted buildings containing 10 rooms, and endowed them for six poor women and four men above 55 years of age ; the houses are situated in Pepper-street, and the income amounts to £67. I6. per annum. There are various endowments and bequests belonging to dissen- ters of the Presbyterian denominations, among which are almshouses for four women, in Trinity-lane, erected and endowed by property bequeathed by Mrs. Jane Dean, in 1729- The house of industry, built in 1751, is pleasantly situated near the Rood-eye. The general in- firmary, a well-built commodious structure, on the western side of the city, originated in 1756, from a bequest of £300 by Dr. John Stratford, and its expendi- ture is now nearly £3000 per annum : the establishment of fever wards was proposed in 1774, and a few years afterwards carried into execution, chiefly through the exertions of Dr. Haygarth. There is also a lying-in institution, supported by subscription 3 and a county asylum for lunatics, capable of accommodating 96 patients, has lately been erected on the Liverpool road, from a design by Mr. William Cole, jun., at a cost of £25,125. 14. The Walls of Chester rank amongst its principal anti- atJiTiEs, and are the only specimen of this species of ancient fortification in Britain remaining entire 5 they comprise a circuit of nearly two miles, and, in the nar- rowest parts, are sufficiently wide for two persons to walk abreast. Of the small towers, or turrets, erected within bow-shot of each other, only the Phoenix and Water towers exist : to keep them in repair, a small murage duty was granted by Edward I. on all merchan- dise brought to the town by sea, but this revenue is not now very productive, in consequence of the principal articles of commerce being landed at Liverpool, and conveyed hither by canal 3 the corporation, however, continue the repairs. Besides the city gates before enumerated, which, in comparison with the walls, are modern erections, there is a fifth, or postern, between East gate and Bridge gate, called New gate. The mili- tary importance of the city rendered the custody of four of the gates for centuries an honourable and lucrative office 3 it was held successively by the Earls of Shrews- bury, Oxford, and Derby, and Lord Crewe, and that of the fifth by one of the magistrates for the city. The custody of Water gate, connected with the office of issuing process for offences committed on the Dee, was sold, in 177s, by the Earl of Derby, to the corporation. Among the ancient Religious Establishments may be no- ticed the monastery, or abbey, of St. John the Baptist, founded in 906, by Ethelred, Earl of Mercia, the revenue of which, at the Dissolution, was £88. 16. 8., and the remains of which constitute the parish church of St. John 5 the monastery of St. Mary, of uncertain founda- tion, for Benedictine nuns, mentioned in Domesday book, the revenue of which was £99. 16. 2. 3 the mo- nastery of St. Michael, of which mention occurs in the charter of Roger, constable of Chester, and also in the 566 , reign of Henry 11. 3 a house of Grey friars, in the parish of the Holy Trinity, probably founded by Henry III. 3 a house of Carmelites, and another of Black friars, in the parish of St. Martin 3 and, without the North gate, the hospital of St. John, which had a sanctuary and extensive privileges, and the revenue of which was £28. 10. In the neighbourhood of the castle were formerly numerous Roman antiquities^ particularly at Nensfield, where remains of a tessellated pavement have been discovered. The esplanade, when cleared of the ancient parts of the castle, was given by government to the county, for the erection of the splendid public buildings which now ornament the site 3 but the right of establishing a fortification, whenever necessary, was reserved for the crown. The eastern wall is built over part of a Roman wall 3 but a segment of the wall is left outside the esplanade, for the purpose of clearing it. In a cellar belonging to the Feathers hotel is a Roman hypo- caust, in a remarkably perfect state 3 and in a close at the southern end of the bridge, termed Edgar’s field, the supposed site, of Edgar’s palace, and adjoining a cavity in a rock, is a stone figure of the goddess Pallas, a relic alluded to by ancient writers. Remains of Roman altars, with figures and inscriptions, have also at different times been discovered. Randle Higden, Roger of Ches- ter, and Bradshaw, mention subterraneous passages under the city 3 one of these was discovered about the com- mencement of the present century, extending in a south- eastern direction from the ruins, of the abbey, but it was soon closed up. On taking down an old house lately in Eastgate-street, a silver coin of Titus was found among the rubbish, and while digging for the foundation of the new building, a pavement was discovered about eight feet below the present road, giving authority to the pre- valent opinion that the level of the city was formerly the same as that of the ancient cathedral, the descent to which is now made by several steps. This ancient city has been the birthplace of several eminent men, the most distinguished of whom were, four antiquaries of the same family, all named Randle Holme 3 Dr. William Cowper, who made collections for a history of Chester 3 and the celebrated mathemati- cians, Edward Brerewood and Samuel Molyneux, the latter a friend and correspondent of ^Locke. In the church of the Holy Trinity were interred, Matthew Henry, the commentator on the Bible, and a pastor in the city from 1687 to 1713, to whose memory a brass tablet has been placed over the communion table 3 and Parnell, the poet, Oct. 24th, 17I8. Chester gives the title of Earl to the Prince of Wales, eldest son of the sovereign. CHESTER-LE-STREET {St. Mary and St. Cuth- bert), a parish, and the head of a union (though a portion of the parish is in the union of Lanchester,) partly in the N. division of Easington ward, but chiefly in the Middle division of Chester ward, N. division of the county of Durham 3 comprising the chapelries of Birtley, Lamesley, Pelton, and Tanfield, and the town- ships of Chester, Edmondsley, Harraton, Hedley, Kib- blesworth, Lambton, Great and Little Lumley, Ouston, Plaws worth. Ravens worth, Urpetb, and Waldridge 3 and containing 16,359 inhabitants, of whom 2599 are in the township of Chester, 6 miles (N.) from Durham. This place occupies the site of the Roman station Condercum, and was called by the Saxons Coneceaster, from which its present appellation is derived, as is its adjunct from C H E S C H E S its position on the line of the Roman military way to Newcastle : several Roman coins (especially a Gordian in gold, in the possession of the family of the late Mr. Surtees, of Mainsforth) and an altar much defaced, have been founds and specimens of antiquity are still fre- quently turned up. It was made the head of the ancient see of Lindisfarne by Eardulph, eighteenth prelate, who, in 88^, removed hither the relics of St. Cuthbert, and founded a church, which continued under a succession of eight bishops to be the cathedral of the diocese, till the removal of the see, in 995, to the city of Durham. From this period the church became parochial, and, in 1286, Bishop Anthony Beck founded in it a collegiate establishment, consisting of a dean, seven prebendaries, three deacons, and other members, which establishment remained till the Dissolution, when the dean’s portion of its revenue was estimated at £77* 11. 8. The parish comprises by measurement 23,852 acres, of which 2619 are in the township, where the soil is light and variable, and the scenery rich and beautiful 3 the neighbourhood abounds with coal, and there are some freestone quarries. The town, which extends nearly a mile in length, is situated in a valley, on the western side of the Wear, and on the road to Newcastle a more irregular line of buildings runs east and west, at right angles with the former : in 1771 it suffered mate- rially from an inundation of the river, which greatly damaged many of the houses and destroyed considerable property. A bridge was built over the Cone, or Cong, also called Chester brook, a branch of the Wear, in 1821 j and a mechanics’ institute was established in 1825. Here are a large brewery, a tannery, a foundry and engine-building works employing about 125 hands, and manufactories for ropes, nails, and tiles ^ and cannon were formerly cast in a foundry commenced about the close of the last century. A market, which was held weekly, has been discontinued 3 a court leet is holden twice in the year by the Bishop of Durham, as lord of the manor, at which small debts are recoverable 3 and the petty-sessions for Chester ward, for which a coroner is specially appointed, are held every alternate Thursday. It is a polling-place for the northern division of the county. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift, alternately, of Lady Byron and the Joliffe family, with a net income of £377 : the patrons are the impropriators. The church is partly in the early and partly in the later English style, with an enriched tower, square at the base and octangular in the second stage, and surmounted by a finely-proportioned spire, 156 feet high, considered to be the handsomest in the North of England : in the north aisle is an interesting series of fourteen altar- tombs, with recumbent effigies of the family of Lumley, of Lumley Castle from the time of the Conquest to the sixteenth century, the greater part of them set up by John, Lord Lumley, in the reign of Elizabeth. There are churches at Lamesley, Tanfield, and Pelton 3 and in the parish are places of worship for Independents, Pri- mitive Methodists, and Wesleyaiis. A national school was established in 1842. Mrs. Elizabeth Tewart, in 171 8, left rent-charges of £6 for the instruction of children, £3 for apprenticing a boy, and £5. 4., which is distributed to the poor in bread 3 Henry Smith, in 1641, left property now averaging £14. 10. yearly. General Lambton £8 yearly, and Ralph Harrison, in 1748, a sum of money producing £12 per annum, for charitable pur- 567 poses. The poor law union, of which this place is the head, comprises 20 parishes or places, and contains a population of 18,35?. CHESTER, LITTLE, a township, in the parish of St. Alkmtjnd, and union of Derby, but without the limits of that borough, in the hundred of Morleston and Litchurch, S. division of the countv of Derby ; containing 364 inhabitants. It is situated on the eastern bank of the Derwent, about one mile north-north-east from the town, and occupies the site of the Roman station Derveyitio, the most important in the county, which was of an oblong form, and comprised nearly six acres. The wall that surrounded it was traced by Dr. Stukeley, in the year 17^1 3 but subsequent cultivation has removed every vestige. It stood on the line of the Ikeneld- street, which here crossed the river 3 and is noticed in Domesday book under the name of Cestre, being therein described as parcel of the ancient demesne of the crown. Numerous foundations, coins of gold, silver, and copper, and other remains of Roman anti- quity have been discovered. CHESTERBLADE, a chapelry, in the parish of Evercreech, forming, with the remainder of that parish, and the parish of West Cranmore, a detached portion of the hundred of Wells-Forum, E. division of Somerset, miles (E. S. E.) from Shepton-Mallet 3 containing 57 inhabitants. The chapel is dedicated to St. Mary. There are vestiges of a Roman encampment on a small hill in the vicinity. CHESTERFIELD {All Saints) y a parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Scarsdale, N. division of the county of Derby 3 comprising the in- corporated market-town of Chesterfield, which has a separate jurisdiction 5 the chapelry of Brimington, and the townships of Calow, Hasland, Newbold with Dun- stan, Tapton, Temple-Nor- manton, and Walton 3 and containing 1 1 ,23 1 inhabitants,, of whom 6212 are in the town, 24 miles (N. by E.) from Derby, and 151 (N. N. W.) from London, on the road to Leeds. This place, from its Saxon name Ceaster, appears to have been a Roman station 3 its Roman name is said to have been Lutudarum ; and there is reason to suppose that in Roman times it was an empo- rium of the mining districts of Derbyshire. At the time of the Norman survey it was called Cestrefeld, and was only a bailiwick to Newbold, the latter being now a small hamlet in the parish 3 but within a century from that period, it seems to have risen into such importance as to have obtained from King John, who conferred it upon William de Briwere, a charter of incorporation, with a privilege of two markets and a fair. In the reign of Henry HI., a decisive battle was fought here between Henry, nephew of that monarch, and the barons, which terminated in the defeat of the latter, several of wffiom were slain 3 and Robert de Ferrars, Earl of Derby, who had espoused their cause, being taken prisoner, was sent in chains to Windsor, and afterwards, by act of parlia- ment, degraded from his honours and deprived of his estates. During the parliamentary war^ another conflict Seal and Arms, C H E S C H E S took place^ between the royalists, under the command of the Earl of Newcastle, and the parliamentarians, in which the former obtained a signal victory. The TOWN is situated on an eminence, and the borough is bounded on the south and south-west by the Hipper, and on the east by the Rother, which at this place are inconsiderable streams j the houses are of brick, roofed with stone ; the streets are indifferently paved, but well lighted with gas, by an act of parliament, obtained in 18^5, and are plentifully supplied with water. There are a subscription library and a theatre 3 and races take place in autumn. An agricultural society has been estab- lished within the last few years, the members of which hold their meetings alternately at Chesterfield and Bake- wtH, generally in October. Several of the inhabitants are engaged in tambour work, and the manufacture of bobbin-net lace and hosiery 3 there is a silk-mill in the town, and in the neighbouring village of Little Brampton a cotton-wick mill, called the bump-mill, and a small- ware manufactory. In the vicinity are some productive mines of iron-stone and coal, and some foundries 3 and there are several potteries, chiefly for coarse brown and yellow stone wai'e, which afford employment to upwards of 200 men. The Chesterfield canal, communicating with the Trent and the Humber, was completed, in iJ77, at an expense of £160,000 : the North-Midland, or Leeds and Derby, railway passes by the town, a little to the east of w^hich is an intermediate station. The market is on Saturday : fairs, principally for cattle, are held on Jan. 27th, Feb. 2Sth, the first Saturday in April, May 4th, July 4th, Sept. 25th, and Nov. 25th, the last being toll- free 3 those in May and September, at the latter of which a great quantity of cheese is sold, are attended by the clothiers from Yorkshire. The government, by charter of incorporation, granted by King John, ratified by suc- ceeding monarchs, enlarged by Queen Elizabeth, and confirmed by Charles IL, was vested in a mayor, six aldermen, six brothers, and twelve capital burgesses, assisted by a town-clerk, chamberlain, two meat inspec- tors, and a serjeant-at-mace. The corporation now con- sists of a mayor, four aldermen, and twelve councillors, under the act of the 5th and 6th of William IV., cap, 76 : the limits of the borough are co-extensive with the tov/nship of Chesterfield. The mayor for the time being, and for the previous year, are justices of the peace ex officio ; and there are tw’o others. The petty-sessions for the division are held here 3 and a court of record, for the recovery of debts not exceeding £20, is held under the lord of the manor, by letters-patent granted by King John to William de Briwere, and confirmed by Charles I., in the seventh year of his reign, to WTlliam, Earl of Newcastle, and Sir Charles Cavendish, then lords of the manor 3 the jurisdiction extends over the hundred of Scarsdale, eight miles round Chesterfield. A court of requests was established for the recovery of small debts within the parish, by an act passed in 1839. The town- hall, standing in the market-place, was built in 1790 3 on the ground-floor is a prison for debtors. There is also a house of correction, under the superintendence of the county magistrates. The LIVING is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £15. 0. 2^.3 net income, £204 3 patron and appro- priator. Dean of Lincoln. The church is a spacious cruciform structure, principally in the decorated, but partly in the early, and partly in the later, style of 568 English architecture, with a square embattled tower rising from the intersection, and surmounted by a grooved or channelled spire of wood covered with lead : the clerestory windows of the nave, and the east window of the chancel, are fine compositions in the later style 3 and in the south transept are a beautiful screen and rood-loft : there are also two very antique monuments in the nave, and three in the chancel, to members of the family of Foljambe. Portions of the hamlets of Walton and Newbold, and the contiguous parts of the parish of Brampton, have been consolidated as a district to the new church of the latter. In 1838, a church was built and dedicated to the Holy Trinity. There are places of worship for Baptists, the Society of Friends, Indepen- dents, Wesleyans, and Unitarians ; also a Roman Ca- tholic chapel at Spinkhill, in the parish. The free grammar school, for the endow^ment of which Godfrey Foljambe, Esq., in 1594, appropriated £13. 6. 8. annually, was founded in the reign of Elizabeth, and placed under the management of the corporation 3 the endowment, aug- mented by benefactions, produces annually £109. 10. 9.3 the master is chosen by the trustees of charities, subject to approval by the Archbishop of York. The school- house was rebuilt by subscription in 17 10, but is out of repair. The school, in common with the schools of Ash- bourn and Wirksworth, has the preference, next after the founder’s relatives, to two fellowships and two scho- larships, founded by the Rev. James Beresford, in St. John’s College, Cambridge. A school, intended origi- nally as preparatory to the grammar school, was founded in 1690, and endowed by Cornelius Clarke, Esq. 3 the endowment was subsequently augmented by John Bright, senior, and John Bright, junior, Esqrs., and the income is now £74. A national school was built in 1814, and a Lancasterian school in 1819. Mrs. Judith Heathcote, and other members of the family, in I619, appropriated estates, producing £114 per annum, to the apprenticing of children. Thomas Large, Esq., in 1664, gave lands and tene- ments, now worth about £45 per annum, for the foun- dation and endowment of three almshouses, to which two more were added in 1751, by Mrs. Sarah Rose, who left £200 for their endowment. Almshouses for six aged persons were founded, in I668, by George Taylor, Esq., who endowed them wuth property at present yield- ing £22 per annum. The dispensary, erected in 1800, is liberally supported by subscription. Godfrey Fol- jambe, Esq., in 1594, bequeathed the rectory of Atten- borough, and an estate at Ashover, producing together about £640 a year, which sum, after paying £40 per annum to the minister, £13. 6. 8. to the master of the grammar school, £20 to Jesus’ College, and £13, 6. 8. to Magdalen College, Cambridge, is appropriated to the relief of the poor. Godfrey Wolstenholme, in 1682, gave a house, let for £38. 5. per annum, which sum is distributed in coats and gowns 3 and Sir Godfrey Web- ster, in 1720, bequeathed £1100 South Sea stock. Mrs. Hannah Hooper, in 1755, gave £2000 three per cent, con- sols., and Mrs. Elizabeth Bagshaw, in 1802, £2000 three per cent, consols., the dividends on which are distributed to the poor. The union of Chesterfield comprises 34 pa- rishes or places, and contains a population of 39,379. An hospital for lepers, founded prior to the 10th of Richard I., and dedicated to St. Leonard, existed here till the reign of Henry VHI. 3 and there was a guild or frater- C H E S CHES nity, dedicated to St. Mary and the Holy Cross, founded in the reign of Richard II., the revenue of which, at the Dissolution, was £1Q. The chantry of St. Michael, founded by Roger de Chesterfield, in 13.57> and the chantry of the Holy Cross, founded in the reign of Edward HI., were also among the ancient religious esta- blishments of this place. There were besides, prior to the Reformation, three free chapels, dedicated respec- tively to St. James, St. Thomas, and St. Helen : on the site of the last the present free grammar school was built. Chesterfield gives the title of Earl to the family of Stanhope 3 a title conferred, Aug. 4th, 1638, on Sir Philip, Baron Stanhope, a firm supporter of the royal cause during the civil war. CHESTERFORD, GREAT (All Saints), a parish, and formerly a market-town, in the union of Saffron- Walden, hundred of Uttlesford, N. division of Es- sex, 4 miles (N. W. by N.) from Saffron-Walden j con- taining 917 inhabitants. It is by most antiquaries identified with the Camboricum of Antoninus, and the foundation of walls, inclosing a quadrangular area of 50 acres, was, till very lately, plainly discernible. That it was a Roman station is evident, not only from its name, and the numerous Roman antiquities discovered at various times, but from its contiguity to several Roman roads, of which the Ikeneld and Errain streets intersect each other in the immediate vicinity j and Roman bricks, coins of the earlier and later emperors, and numerous other relics have been found, in great quan- tities. Besides the larger camp, or station, there are several smaller camps, including one near the church, in the grounds between which and the river are traces of an amphitheatre : at the distance of half a mile from the larger camp is another, called Hingeston Barrows, and a third on the opposite side of the river. On an eminence, near the Roman road from Inckleton towards Newmarket, is Fleamsdyke, where there is a small square fort, probably the castra exploratorum, in the centre of which are vestiges of a buildings and the Roman road to Grantchester may be plainly discovered, forming a ridge of 200 yards, in a direction towards the river above Cambridge. The parish comprises by admeasurement 2811 acres, of which 200 are woodland : the soil, in the more elevated parts, is a dry thin loam resting on a substratum of chalk, and in the valleys a rich loam on a gravelly bottom. The village is pleasantly situated, and commands an uninterrupted prospect extending into the county of Cambridge. The market has been discontinued > but a fair for horses is held on July 5th. The living is a discharged vicarage, with the rec- tory of Little Chesterford annexed, valued in the king’s books at £10 5 net income, £427 5 patron and impro- priator, Marquess of Bristol. The tithes of both parishes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1801. The church is an ancient and spacious structure, and formerly contained a chantry, founded in the reign of Henry VIII., by William Howden, the revenue of which, at the Dissolution, was £9. 9. 7* John Hart, of Saffron- Walden, in 1592 , founded what he intended to be a grammar school, and endowed it with upwards of 30 acres of land, under the management of the Master and Fellows of Magdalen College, Cambridge, who appoint the master 5 but a considerable part of the endowment having been lost, the charity has been in- corporated with a national school. : VoL. I . — 569 CHESTERFORD, LITTLE (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Saffron-Walden, hundred of Uttles- ford, N. division of Essex, 3 miles (N. W, by N.) from Saffron-Walden j containing 229 inhabitants. It is separated from the parish of Littlebury by the river Granta, and comprises 1166a. 3r. 9p., of which about 65 acres are pasture, 10/ woodland, and the rest arable. The living is a rectory, annexed to the vicarage of Great Chesterford, and valued in the king’s books at £1 1. The church is a small ancient edifice, partly in the early and partly in the decorated English style j the chancel is separated from the nave by a screen of wood, and con- tains an ancient tomb of marble, with a recumbent figure of James Walsingham, Esq. There are places of worship for Baptists and Wesleyans. CHESTERHOPE, a hamlet, in the parish of Cor- senside, N. E. division of Tindale ward, S. division of Northumberland, 5 miles (E. N. E.) from Belling- ham. This place, which derives its name from the Ro- man castra, Hahitancum, or Risingham, being situated at the foot of it, is of considerable antiquity. The church of Hexham had some property here at an early period : in 1294 the prior of the hospital of St. John of Jerusa- lem claimed extensive privileges over lands he possessed in Chesterhope ; and the Halls, Forsters, and others have subsequently been owners of estates in the district. At Park Head are the remains of the celebrated figure called Robin of Risingham, cut in bas-relief in a rock, and which may certainly be assigned to the Roman era in Britain 3 and stones bearing Latin inscriptions have been found, which are supposed to be relics of the station at the adjoining village of Risingham. CHESTERTON (St. j4ndrew), a parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Chesterton, county of Cambridge, 1^ mile (N. E.) from Cambridge ; con- taining 1617 inhabitants. The name of this place is derived from a castrum, or fortification, called Arbury Camp, at a small distance from the village, three parts of the vallum of which are still remaining, inclosing a square area of nearly six acres, wherein many Roman coins have been found. It appears that every one who kept a fire here, in 1154, was bound to pay an Ely far- thing, as it was called, to St. Peter’s altar, in the cathe- dral of Ely ; and the fourth farthing arising from this town and that of Grantchester used to be paid to the castle of Norwich, by the name of Ely ward penny, be- cause that place received it before. The parish is watered by the river Cam, and comprises by computa- tion 2700 acres, the soil of which is in general a gravelly earth, lying upon a subsoil of clay. In 1837, an act was passed for inclosing waste lands. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 10 . 12 . 3j. 3 net income, £206 ; patrons and impropriators. Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge. The great tithes have been commuted for £500, and the vicarial for £1803 impropriate glebe consists of 90^ acres, and the vicarial contains 27^ acres, with a glebe-house. The church is principally in the decorated and later English styles. In 1729, £5 per annum, out of money left to the parish for charitable uses, were appropriated towards the education of ten children, and the school is otherwise supported by subscription. The poor law union of Chesterton comprises 38 parishes or places, and con- tains a population of 21,608. The remains of Cam- bridge Castle are in the parish. C H E S CHET CHESTERTON, a tything, in the parish of Ciren- cester, hundred of Crowthorne and Minety, E. division of the county of Gloucester. CHESTERTON {St. Michael) , a parish, in the union of Peterborough, hundred of Norman- Cross, county of Huntingdon, 4- miles (N. N. W.) from Stil- ton 5 containing 129 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the great north road, which is here crossed by the road from Lynn to Northampton : it comprises by ad- measurement 1330 acres, consisting of arable and pas- ture land in nearly equal portions : the soil is a rich clajq in some parts mixed with red sand, and in others chalk, of fertile quality. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £17* 3. 4., and in the gift of the Marquess of Huntley : the tithes have been commuted for £417. 1 l.j and the glebe comprises 4^ acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is principally in the early English style. A school is chiefly supported by the rector. Midway between this and Castor is the site of the ancient city of Durohrivce, the fort of which was placed on the Huntingdonshire side of the river Nene j and at Castle Field is a large tract, inclosed by a ditch and rampart, with the Roman road Ermiri-street running through it obliquely. On making a road across the site of Durobrivce, several stone coffins, urns, and coins were dug up j and by the side of the high road near this place, in 1754, was found a coffin of yellowish stone, six feet two inches long, within which were a skeleton, three glass lachrymatories, some coins, and scraps of white wood inscribed with Greek and Roman letters. CHESTERTON (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Bicester, hundred of Ploughley, county of Ox- ford, 2 miles (W. by S.) from Bicester 3 containing 393 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 8. 9.3 net income, £210 3 patrons and appropriators. Warden and Fellows of New College, Oxford. The tithes were commuted for land in 1767. The church was consecrated in 1238. There is a school, in which 20 children are paid for by the Coun- tess of Jersey. The Roman Akeman- street crosses the parish. CHESTERTON, a township, in the parish of Wol- stanton, union of Wolstanton and Burslem, N. division of the hundred of Pirehill, and of the county of Stafford, 2 miles (N. by W.) from Newcastle-under- Lyme 3 containing 1207 inhabitants. The name of this place evidently has reference to the ancient Roman fortress situate here, the Mediolanum of Antonine 3 the site is still clearly marked out, and a large fosse exists along the north side of the station. Camden calls it Chesterton-under-Lyme. The township contains nearly 1100 acres on the south side of the parish : considera- ble quantities of blue bricks, tiles, and pipes for drains and conduits, of superior hardness, are manufactured here 3 and potteries have been established at Red-street, in the northern part of the township, for a long period. Several blast furnaces for smelting iron-stone are worked at Apedale, on the western confines. In the village is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 also a small free school, erected from the rents of some land, left by John Cowell, and producing £4 per annum for its maintenance. CHESTERTON {St. Giles), a parish, in the union of SouTHAM, Warwick division of the hundred of Kfng- 570 TON, S. division of the county of Warwick, 6 miles (S. E.) from Warwick ; containing 192 inhabitants. This place, which was once a populous town, is situated! on the line of the Roman fosse- way 3 and derives its name from a Roman camp, within the limits of which coins have been discovered. The manor, long possessed by the Peito family, now belongs to Lord Willoughby de Broke. The parish comprises, with Kington, 356d acres, of which the surface is hilly, and the soil chiefly clay. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £823 patron and impropriator, Lord Willoughby de Broke. CHESTERTON, LITTLE.-^See Kington. CHESWARDINE {St. Swithin), a parish, in the union of Drayton, Drayton division of the hundred of North Bradford, N. division of Salop, 4^ miles (S. W.) from Drayton 3 containing 1015 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 6. 8., and in the gift of G. S. Harding, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £1015. 10., of which £605 belong to the Bishop of Chichester, £213 to the Rev. W. Otter, and £197. 10. to the incumbent, with a glebe of 30 acres. The church was rebuilt a few years since. There is a school, which has a bequest of £4 per annum 3 and a sum of about £36 per annum, the interest of bequests, is appropriated to the purchase of wheat, distributed among the poor. CHESAVICK, a township, in the parochial chapelry of Ancroft, union of Berwick-upon-Tweed, Island- shire, county of Durham 3 containing 290 inha- bitants. CHETNOLE, a chapelry, in the parish and hundred of Yetmjnster, union of Sherborne; Sherborne divi- sion of Dorset, 7 miles (S. W. by S.) from Sherborne 3^ containing 222 inhabitants. The chapel is dedicated to St. Peter. A school is supported by endowment. CHETTISCOMBE, a chapelry, in the parish, union, and hundred of Tiverton, Gullomptori; and N. divisions of Devon, 2 miles (N. E. by N.) from Tiverton. The chapel is dedicated to St. Mary. CHETTISHAM, a chapelry, in the parish of St. Mary, city, union, and Isle of Ely, county of Cam- bridge, 2 miles (N. by W.) from Ely 3 containing 90 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net in- come, £793 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chap- ter of Ely. The chapel is dedicated to St. Michael. CHETTLE {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Wimborne and Cranborne, hundred of Monckton- up-Wimborne, Wimborne division of Dorset, 6 miles (N. E.) from Blandford-Forum 3 containing 122 inha- bitants. It is situated within a mile of the road from Exeter to London, through Blandford and Salisbury, and comprises 1113a. 3r. 25/>., with a level surface and chalky soil, A stately ancient mansion, in the style of Sir John Vanbrugh, and probably the old manor-house, is in tolerable preservation, though unoccupied. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 2. 9., and in the 'gift of H. Chambers, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £180, and the glebe contains about 21 acres. The church is partly in the early and partly in the later English style, and has a very ancient and handsomely carved pulpit. Schools are supported by subscription. There is a large tumulus or barrow, which, from its extent, is called the Giant’s grave.” C MET C H E V CHETTON (St, Giles), a parish, in the union of Bridgenorth, hundred of Scottesden, S. division of Salop, 4 miles (S. by W.) from Bridgenorth 5 contain- ing 693 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the road from Bridgenorth to Ludlow, and is intersected in the southern part by the road to Cleobury Mortimer 5 it comprises by measurement 3920 acres, the surface of which is undulated, and the soil a strong clay, resting ‘ upon marl and limestone, with some sandstone. Coal of moderate quality and of sulphureous smell is pro- cured in tolerable quantity 5 clay for brick-making, which is carried on to some extent, is obtained near the collieries ; and in the parish generally is found a brec- ciated limestone, which, when burnt, is of a reddish colour, and is used for manure, but considered to have only half the strength of white lime. There is likewise abundance of red sandstone alternated with the lime- stone, which is used for rubble, masonry, and for build- ing cottages 3 in the south-east portion of the parish white freestone of good quality occurs, but is not quar- ried 3 and there is also some good flagstone. A few inconsiderable streams intersect the surface and run into the Severn. The living is a rectory, with Deux- hill and Glazeley consolidated in I76O, valued in the king’s books at £11 3 patron, T. W. W. Browne, Esq. The tithes, including those of the chapelry of Loughton, ecclesiastically annexed to this parish, have been com- muted for £652. 10. 9.> and the glebe comprises 11 acres, to which there* is a glebe-house. The church was partly rebuilt about the year 1770 3 the tower, which was rebuilt in 1830, like the chancel, is in the early English style 3 the nave is of modern character. There is a bequest of about £8 per annum for teaching chil- dren 3 and a national school was erected in 1321. The produce of bequests, amounting to £260, is distributed among the poor. CHETWOOD {St. Mary and St. Nicholas), a pa- rish, in the union, hundred, and county of Bucking- ham, 5 miles (S. W. by W.) from Buckingham 3 con- taining 197 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacv, annexed to that of Barton-Hartshorn : the tithes were commuted for land in 1812. The church, made parochial in 1480, is remarkable for some beauti- ful specimens of stained glass, formerly belonging to a priory of Augustine monks, founded by Sir Ralph de Norwich in 1244, and which was dissolved on account of its poverty in 1460, and annexed to the abbey of Nutley. There was also a hermitage, dedicated to St. Stephen and St. Lawrence, founded by a member of the Chetwode family, the representative of which claims ‘ suit and service, by prescriptive right, over this place and some neighbouring hamlets, that are said to have been included within the limits of an ancient forest of 1000 acres, called Rockwood. CHETWYND (St. Michael), sl parish, in the union of Newport, Newport division of the hundred of Sotjth ' Bradford, N. division of Salop, 1^ mile (N. by W.) from Newport 3 containing 740 inhabitants. It is on ' the road from Birmingham to • Chester, and comprises S7S8a. 32p. : a common kind of red sandstone is found, chiefly used for walls and cottages. The living is a rectory, valued in the .king’s books at £10. 16. 3., and in the gift of John Charles Burton Borough, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted fof £714, and the glebe comprises ^6J acres, to which there is a glebe-house. 571 The church is a modern brick building, erected about the year 1775. A chapel of ease has been recently built in the village of Sambrook. There is a small place of worship for Wesley ans 3 and a school, now conducted on the national plan, is endowed with lands, producing £38. 12. per annum. The village of Sambrook is said to be the birthplace of Commodore Anson. CHEVELEY (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Newmarket, hundred of Cheveley, county of Cam- bridge, 3 miles (E. S. E.) from Newmarket 3 containing 645 inhabitants, and comprising by measurement 2526 acres. An act for inclosing lands was passed in 1841 : stone is quarried for the roads. The living is a rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £16. 8. l|., and in the gift of the Rev. James Thomas Bennet : the tithes have been commuted for £704, and the glebe contains 27 acres of fertile land, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is a cruciform structure, with a central tower, supported by arches, and containing five bells 3 it has a very beautiful oak-screen, and some curious old monuments, to the family of Eolkes. A school was .founded and endowed with an estate bequeathed by John Ray, by his will dated 1558, to which Lord Dovor, in 1709, added other land 3 the former is let for £60 a year, and the latter produces £20. There is also a . girls’ school, endowed by a person of the name of Reeve, the income of which is £9. In Cheveley Park is an old castle, surrounded by a fosse. A very remarkable fossil tooth was found in a gravel- pit a few years ago, upwards of six feet in length, with a curvature nearly circular, of which the diameter exceeds three feet 3 it is now in the museum at York. CHEVENING (St. Botolph), a parish, in the union of Seven-Oaks, hundred of Codsheath, lathe of Sut- ton-at-Hone, W. division of Kent, 3j miles (N. W.) froni Seven- Oaks 3 containing 1003 inhabitants. The parish comprises by computation 3774a. 3r. 15p., of which 1065 acres are arable, 1244 meadow and pasture, 1346 woodland, and 96 hop-grounds. It is distinguished as the residence of the Stanhope family, who have a fine seat here, at which the late earl, who was celebrated for ‘his discoveries in mechanics and natural philosophy, established the improved printing-press bearing his name: his lordship died here, in 1816. A fair is held on May l6th. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £21. 6. 8., and in the gift of the Arch- bishop of Canterbury : the tithes have been commuted for £761, and the glebe contains 23 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is adorned with several elegant monuments of the Lennard family, and one to Lady Frederica Stanhope. Various bequests of the Stanhope family are applied in apprenticing children 3 and there are two schools supported by subscription. The Pilgrims’ path, which led towards Becket’s shrine at Canterbury, passes in the vicinity, and forms a boun- dary of the Weald of Kent. CHEVERELL, GREAT {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Devizes, hundred of Swanborough, De- vizes and N. divisions of Wilts, 6 miles (S. by^W.) from Devizes 3 containing 557 inhabitants. The parish comprises by computation nearly 2000 acres 3 the manor forms part of the endowment of the almshouse at Hey- ■tesbury, founded by one of the Hungerford family. ,A small part of the population is engaged in the manufac- ture of edge-tools. - A pleasure fair is. held in the first 4D2 CHEW CHEW week after the festival of St. Peter’s. The living, once the property of Queen’s College, Cambridge, to which it was given by Bishop Davenant, is valued in the king’s books at £163 patron and incumbent. Rev. M. Atkin- son : the tithes were commuted, in 1797» for 307 acres of land, valued at £350 per annum. The church is a plain neat structure. There is a place of worship for Independents 3 and a school is endowed with an acre of land and a cottage, by the late Mr. Townsend, for the instruction of six boys. Many Roman coins have been found in the parish. The late Dr. Lawrence, distin- guished for his Bampton lectures, and last Archbisop of Cashel, was for some time rector. CHEVERELL, LITTLE (St, Peter), a parish, in the union of Devizes, hundred of Swanborough, De- vizes and N. divisions of Wilts, 5^ miles (S.) from JDevizes 3 containing 295 inhabitants. It is situated im- mediately under the northern edge of Salisbury Plain, and comprises by measurement 1006 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 7. 3|. 3 net income, £405 3 patron, Earl of Radnor. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1797. A school is supported by subscription. CHEVETT, a township, in the parish of Royston, wapentake of Staincross, W. riding of York, 4^ miles (S. S. E.) from Wakefield 3 containing 52 inhabitants. This place is of considerable antiquity, and styled in Domesday book Cevet ; and in the early part of the 14th century there was a chapel here. Among the landed proprietors at various periods occur the families of Monk, Bosvile, Nevile, and Pilkington. The township comprises about 850 acres ; the mansion was built in the reign of Henry VIII., and is an irregular edifice having several interior courts 3 the south front was added by the Neviles, who put the whole into repair. The North-Midland railway is carried over a viaduct of thir- teen arches, each 2 1 feet in span, near Sandal, and after- wards under a tunnel 700 yards in length, 22 feet wide, and 26 feet high, in the formation of which, five shafts of 9 feet diameter were sunk : the total expense is cal- culated at £35,000. CHEVINGTON, Northumberland. — See Chiv- INGTON. CHEVINGTON {All Saints), a parish, in the union and hundred of Thingoe, W. division of Suffolk, 6 miles (S. W. by W.) from Bury-St. Edmund’s 3 contain- ing 624 inhabitants, and comprising 2429«. 15p. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £16.3. 9. 5 patron and incumbent. Rev. J. White : the tithes have been commuted for £580, and the glebe consists of 32 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church has some Norman remains. The sum of £20, the rental of land and cottages purchased with benefactions, is annu- ally distributed among poor families 3 and two schools are supported by the rector. CHEW MAGNA {St, Andrew), a parish (anciently a borough and market- town), in the union of Clutton, hundred of Chew, E. division of Somerset, 6^ miles (S.) from Bristol 3 containing, with the tythings of Bishop-Sutton, Knowle with Knighton-Sutton, North Elm, and Stone, 2096 inhabitants, and comprising 5014 acres. The village is beautifully situated on an emi- nence to the north of the river Chew, and commands ex- tensive views of the surrounding country. At the north- eastern extremity of the parish is a ville, called Norton 572 Hautville, or Hawkfield, supposed to have been the pro- perty of Sir John de Hautville, who lived in the time of Henry HI. : in the ty thing of Knighton-Sutton, at the southern extremity, stands Sutton Court, an ancient edifice, pleasingly situated, by some supposed to have been the residence of Fielding’s Squire Western, The population is partly employed in coal-mines, in the tyth- ing of Bishop-Sutton, and in the manufacture of stock- ings and of edge-tools to a limited extent 3 formerly there was a considerable manufactory for cloth. The living is a vicarage, endowed with a portion of the rectorial tithes, withJJundry annexed, valued in the king’s books at £30. 13. 4., and in the patronage of the heirs of R. Roberts, Esq. 3 impropriator of the remainder of the great tithes, George Smyth, Esq. The tithes belonging to the vicar have been commuted for £416. 15., and those of Mr. Smyth for £98. 3. 9. The church is a massive and spacious edifice, with a nave and side aisles, 106 feet in length, by 60 in breadth, having a tower at the west end 103 feet high : in the eastern corner of the south aisle is a handsome monument of the Baker family, who formerly had large possessions in the parish, and from whom the manor of Chew-Baker has its name 3 and inserted in a window of the same aisle, is a wooden effigy, supposed to be that of Hautville : in the eastern corner of the north aisle are monuments to the Strachy family. There are places of worship f3r Baptists, the Society of Friends, and Wesleyans. Endowments pro- ducing about £13 per annum are appropriated to teach- ing boys 3 and one-fifth of a bequest of £3000 by Richard Jones, Esq., of Stowey, is appropriated to poor persons of Chew not receiving parochial aid. At the western extremity of the parish, adjoining North Whitcomb, on an eminence which commands a fine view towards the Bristol Channel, is Bow Ditch, or Burledge, a circular camp, with triple intrenchments 5 and to the north of the village is a well called Bullywell, the water of which is said to be efficacious for diseases of the eye, CHEW -STOKE {St, Andrew), a parish, in the union of Clutton, hundred of Chew, E. division of Somerset, 4^ miles (W. S. W.) from Pensford 5 contain- ing 825 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the road from Bristol to Wells, and on the river Chew, abounds with limestone, and with a stone of a reddish granulated texture, in which are found imbedded a few fossils and cornua ammonis 3 they are both extensively quarried, the former for agricultural, and the latter for building, purposes, and there are also some quarries of white lias, which is used for paving. The living is a dis- charged rectory, valued in the king s books at £7- 3. 4., and in the gift of the Rev. William Wait : the tithes have been commuted for £270. 12., and the glebe com- prises 7 acres ; the sum of £8. 8. is payable to the vicar of Chew Magna. The rectory-house, formerly used as a workhouse, has recently been restored at an expense of £400 by the present incumbent, and is a very singular edifice, considered by antiquaries as one of the most in- teresting antiquities in the county. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A parochial school was founded in 171 8^ by a few inhabitants, who raised funds for the erection and endowment of a suitable buildfhg 3 the en- dowment, augmented by subsequent benefactions, pro- duces a revenue of £106. The produce of benefactions amounting to £35 per annum is distributed at Christ- mas among the poor. On the lands of Mr. Gray, in the CHIC CHIC parish^ are some remains of a Roman military station^ and coins have been fonnd there, CHEWTON^ a tything, in the parish, union, and hundred of Keynsham, E. division of Somerset; con- taining 138 inhabitants. It is situated on the left bank otj the river Chew, about midway between Compton- Dando and Keynsham. CHEWTON, a tything, in the parish of Milton, union oCLymington, hundred of Christchurch, Ly- mington and S. divisions of the county of Southamp- ton, 4^ miles (E. by N.) from Christchurch ; containing 633 inhabitants. CHEWTON-MENDIP {St. Mary Magdalene), a parish, in the union of Wells, hundred of Chewton, E. division of Somerset, 5|- miles (N. E. by N.) from WMls; containing, with the tything of North Wid- combe, 1216 inhabitants. The village is situated amidst the Mendip hills, where are extensive mines of lead-ore and lapis calaminaris : the former are not now worked, and the trade in the latter is much reduced. In the eign of Henry VIII., a dispute arose between the prior of Greenoar cell upon Mendip and the tenants within this manor, relative to some infringement on his rights by the miners, to settle which the lord chief justice came expressly into the county, and laid the basis of the laws by which the miners are now governed. Any miner considering himself aggrieved complains to the leadreeve, who summons a jury of 24 miners, from whose decision there is no appeal; various modes of punishment are ap- plied, the highest being expulsion from the hills. There is a fair for toys, &c., on Holy-Thursday ; and the petty- sessions for the division are held here. The living is a discharged vicarage, with those of Emborrow, Paulton, and Stone-Easton annexed, valued in the king’s books at £29. 11. 8. ; patron and impropriator, W. Kingsmill, Esq. The great tithes have been commuted for £352. 10., and the vicarial for £235 ; the glebe comprises 31 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is in the decorated style of English architecture, with some Nor- man remains, having a fine tower, 126 feet high, sur- mounted by lofty pinnacles. There is a chapel of ease at Farrington- Gurney, in the parish ; and there is a place of worship for Wesleyans ; also an endowed school supported by the income arising from land on Chew down, inclosed a few years since, and the annual rent of which is about £20. A school for girls was established agreeably to the will of John Dory, who bequeathed the sum of £100. Chewton gives the title of Viscount to Earl Waldegrave. CHICH, county of Essex. — See Osyth, St. CHICHELEY {St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union of Newport-Pagnell, hundred of Newport, county of Buckingham, 2^ miles (N. E. by E.) from Newport-Pagnell ; containing 256 inhabitants. Chiche- ley Hall, a handsome and spacious quadrilateral edifice of red brick, was built, in 1769, by Sir John Chester, who intermarried with the Bagot family : the estate descended from Charles Bagot, brother of Lord Bagot, to his son, the present proprietor, who has assumed the name and arms of Chester. The making of lace affords employment to about fifty people. The living is a vicar- age, valued in the king’s books at £8 ; net income, £66 ; patron, Charles Chester, Esq., who is also impro- priator of the great tithes, and owner of the parish. A school is supported by subscription. 573 CHICHESTER, a city and market-town, having exclusive j urisdiction, locally in the hundred of Box and Stockbridge, rape of Chi- chester, W. division of Sussex, 62 miles (S. W. by 8.) from London ; contain- ing 8512 inhabitants. This city, which is of very remote antiquity, derives the latter part of its name from its having been a Roman sta- Seal and Arms, tion, supposed to have been Regnum ; and the former, ^ from its subsequent occupation by Cissa, about the close of the fifth century. About the year 47, Flavius Vespa- sian, who took possession of this portion of Britain, made the place his head-quarters, and threw up an in- trenchment three miles in extent, some traces of which are still apparent. In the reign of Claudius Caesar, the Romans, as appears from an inscription upon a stone dug up in 1 723 (now in the possession of the Duke of ' Richmond, at Goodwood), erected a temple here, and. probably surrounded their station with walls. Other Roman inscriptions have been discovered, and a curious piece of tessellated pavement, and several Roman coins w ere, in 17^7, found in the bishop’s garden. About the close of the fifth century the city was taken from the Britons by Ella, whose son Cissa rebuilt it, and called it after his own name, Cissa's ceaster, fortifying it also with a strong intrenchment. It subsequently became the seat of the South Saxon kings, in whose possession it remained till the middle of the seventh century, wheR Wulfhere, the Mercian, invaded it, and took Athelwald, its king, prisoner; but on his embracing Christianity, he was reinstated in his dominions, and was afterwards slain in battle by Ceadwalla, a prince of Wessex, who subjugated the kingdom of the South Saxons. On the union of the Saxon kingdoms by Egbert, in the year 803, Chichester was of considerable importance, but it suffered greatly from the Danes ; and, at the time of the Conquest, had declined so much, that it had scarcely a hundred houses within the walls. On the transfer of the South Saxon see from Selsey, where it had remained for more than 300 years, to this place, the town regained its former importance, and after the Conquest, was bestowed on Roger de Montgomery, who erected a castle adjoining the ramparts, and four gate^, and gave the south-western quarter of the city for the site of the cathedral and residence of the clergy. In the reign of Henry I. a cathedral was built by Bishop Ralph, which being destroyed by fire, that prelate erected a second edifice far exceeding the former in magnificence, a considerable portion of which is incorporated with the present building. In 1 189, the greater part of the city was destroyed by fire, and the cathedraj, having sus- tained great injury, was repaired and enlarged by Siffied, the seventh bishop, whose effigy in marble was placed in a niche within the interior. The castle was ordered to be demolished by King John, but the sentence was not carried into effect till the first of Henry HI., 1216; after wffiich a Franciscan convent was founded on its site. During the civil war in the reign of Charles I., Sir Edward Ford, the sheriff, with the loyal gentry of the county, by assurances of raising a large force in CHIC C H I C Sussex for tire royal cause, invited Lord Hopton from the west, and Chichester, being a walled towm, was fixed upon for their head- quarters. While employed in col- lecting troops, improving, their resources, repairing the fortifications, and strengthening their position, they were surprised by the sudden appearance of Sir William W^aller, the parliamentary general, whose forces had been joined by several troops of horse, commanded by Col. Morley and Sir Matthew Liverey, and who imme- diately commenced the siege of the place, which was defended for some time with obstinate courage 5 but after an ineffectual resistance for ten days, the citizens were compelled to surrender on the 29th of December, 1642. The cathedral was partly demolished by the par- liamentary forces, and the conventual buildings plun- dered and nearly levelled with the ground 3 the churches of St. Bartholomew and St. Pancras were battered down, and the houses of the most eminent of the citi- zens destroyed. Sir William Waller made the convent of the Grey friars his head-quarters, and his soldiers were quartered in the cathedral, the tombs and monu- ments of which were mutilated and defaced, the brasses torn from the slabs, and every species of injury wan- tonly committed. The city remained in the hands of the parliamentarians for six years after its surrender, and in 1648, the ordnance was removed to Arundel Castle, the garrison removed, and the fortifications de- molished. The CITY is pleasantly situated on a gentle eminence, nearly surrounded by the small stream Lavant, and consists chiefly of four principal streets, meeting nearly at right angles in the centre of the town, where is an octagonal cross in the decorated English st}de, which is considered, in design and execution, equal to any struc- ture of its class in England. The streets were formerly terminated by four gates in the ancient embattled walls with which the city was encircled : the last of these gates was taken down in 1773, and of the walls, some portions are remaining on the north and east sides, where spacious terraces were raised in 1725, covered with gravel, and shaded with rows of lofty elms, which have been widened and much improved, affording a ‘ pleasant promenade for the inhabitants, and highly or- namental to the city. The houses are in general hand- some and well built 3 and the streets are paved and lighted with gas, under an act of parliament obtained in 179 L foi’ general improvement of the town, which is also amply supplied with water. At the north entrance are the barracks, a spacious and handsome building, adapted to the accommodation of 16 officers, and 328 privates of cavalry, with stabling for 340 horses 3 and for 48 officers and 888 privates of infantry, with spacious grounds for exercise and parade. Without the walls, a new suburb has lately arisen called Summerstown, which consists of several spacious streets, containing handsome and well- built houses, and forms a pleasing appendage to the city. The theatre, a neat plain edifice, was rebuilt in the year 1791 ; the assembly-rooms, in which assemblies and concerts are held, were built by subscription in 1781 3 and a public subscription library, situated in the church- yard, was established in 1794. A mechanics’ institute was formed in 1824, for which a handsome building has been erected at the extremity of South-street 3 it is 50 feet long, and 25 feet wide, built of brick, and faced with cement 5 the interior, which is lighted by two ranges of 574 Grecian windows, contains, on the ground-floor, the library and apartments for the librarian, and on the upper floor a lecture-room. A Literary and Philoso- phical Society was established in 1831, and holds its meetings in a house in South- street, built by Sir Chris- topher Wren 3 it contains a valuable museum, reading- room, and other requisite apartments. Races are held in August at Goodwood, about five miles north of the city 3 the Grand Stand, lately built, is a handsome quadrilateral building, 120 feet long, and 70 feet wide, surrounded by a colonnade of the Doric order, and capable of accommodating nearly 3000 persons. The TRADE consists principally in malt, corn (of which a considerable quantity is sent coastwise), flour, timber, and coal. The Lavant empties itself into the sea at Dell-quay, two miles distant from the town, where is a small harbour, into which vessels can enter at high water, and wffiere a collector of customs is stationed to super- intend the transactions of the port, which carries on a small foreign trade, chiefly in timber. Lobsters and prawns, caught at Selsey, about seven miles south of the town, and esteemed the finest on the coast, are sent in great quantities to the London market 3 and a large quantity of salt is made at Birdham, about three miles from Chichester. A branch from the Portsmouth and Arundel canal, on the south side of the town, contributes greatly to facilitate and promote its trade. The market days are Wednesday and Saturday 3 and on every alter- nate Wednesday is a large market for cattle, sheep, and hogs. The market-house, a convenient structure, was built in 1807 : the corn market is held on Wednesday at the Corn Exchanges in the North and East streets. There are fairs on St. George’s-day, Whit-Monday, St. James’-day, Old Michaelmas- day, and the 20th of Oct., the last being called the Sloe fair. The Corn Ex- change in East-street, erected in 1837j after a design by Mr. Elliot, is a handsome building, 250 feet in depth 3 the principal entrance is by a Doric portico of six columns, projecting over the pavement, and resting upon square plinths, and supporting a triangular pediment, with entablature and cornice : between the correspond- ing pilasters of the same order, and the antae, three large folding- doors lead into the hall, which is 80 feet long, and 50 feet wide, and lighted by a handsome range of windows on each side 3 and behind it are ample stores for the corn which is deposited for sale. The earliest charter of incorporation extant is one granted by King Stephen : numerous others have been bestowed at various times, the principal of which were granted in the reigns of Henry II., Edward II. and III., Henry VI. and VII., and James I. and II. By the act of the 5th and 6th of William IV., cap. 76, the body corporate was made to consist of a mayor, six aldermen, and eighteen councillors 3 the borough is divided into two wards, and the municipal and parliamentary boun- daries are co-extensive. The elective franchise was con- ferred in the 23rd of Edward L, since which time the cit}^ has returned two members to parliament. The right of election was formerly vested in the corporation, in the freemen at large, and in the inhabitants paying scot and lot within the city and liberties, about 600 in number, with the exception only of those of the extra-parochial district of Newton, which, nevertheless, is within the walls, and subject to the jurisdiction of the city magis- trates. By the act- of the -2nd of William IV., cap. 45, CHIC CHIC the non-resident freemen, except within seven miles, were disfranchised 5 but, in consequence of the scot and lot right of voting, the franchise was not otherwise altered, except by extending it to the £10 householders of a district which was incorporated with the old borough. The old borough comprised 445 acres, but the limits of the new contain 604 : the mayor is returning officer. The mayor for the time being and for the previous year are justices by virtue of their office, and there are six others. The recorder holds sessions for the city and liberties, and a court of record every Monday, for the recovery of debts to any amount. There is also a court leet, on the last Monday in November 5 and petty-ses- sions are held every Monday for the borough, and by the county magistrates every Saturday. The Michaelmas quarter-sessions for the western division of the county likewise take place here. The guildhall, anciently the chapel of the Franciscan convent, is 82 feet long, 31 feet wide, and 43 feet high 5 the east window, of five lights, divided by fluted slender mullions of Sussex mar- ble, is a beautiful specimen of rich flowing tracery. The council -chamber, built by subscription, in 1730, is hand- some, having arcades formed by pillars of the Tuscan order. The common gaol was built in I 7 S3 ; it contains only six apartments, five for males and one for females. The town is the principal place of election for the western division of the county. Chichester is the seat of a DIOCESE, the jurisdiction of which extends over the county of Sussex. The epis- copal chair was first fixed at Selsey, in 681, and trans- ferred to this place in 1075, when Stigand, then bishop of Selsey, and chaplain to William the Conqueror, was appointed the first bishop of Chicester. The establish- ment consists of a bishop, dean, thirty-one prebendaries, of whom four are resi- dentiary, a precentor, chancellor, and treasurer. The bishop has jurisdiction over 262 benefices, -and the pa- tronage of the precentorship, the chancellorship of the diocese and that of the church, the treasurership, the two archdeaconries, twenty-seven non-resident canon- ries, and twenty-eight benefices, and of two others alter- nately ; his income amounts to £4300 per annum. The patronage of the Dean and Chapter includes two pre- bends, the minor canonries, and eighteen benefices, with two others alternately ; their net revenue amounts to £2500. The four minor canons form a corporation, with a net revenue of £244. The Cathedral, dedicated to St. Peter, erected by Bishop Ralph, in the reign of Henry I., and repaired and enlarged by succeeding bishops, is a spacious structure, partly Norman, and partly in the early and decorated styles of English architecture, with a tower rising from the centre, sur- mounted by a lofty octagonal spire ; at the west end of the south aisle is a tower in the Norman style, and on the north side of the north aisle, ranging with the west front, is a detached campanile tower, crowned with octagonal turrets at the angles, above which rises a lan- thorn connected by flyingffiuttresses, springing from the turrets at the angles of the tower. The interior is prin- 575 cipally in the early English style 5 the nave, which is 150 feet in length, has a plain but neatly groined roof, the ribs of which spring from light pilasters between the clerestory windows, and is divided from the aisles by a range, on each side, of eight clustered columns, supporting a series of well-formed arche^ 5 the triforium is of early English character, and in front of the cleres- tory windows is an upper triforium, the pillars of which have capitals, ornamented with palm-leaves. The aisles consist of two ranges on each side 5 the outer ranges are lighted by windows of large dimensions, and appear to. have contained numerous chapels. A screen of stoBe, supporting the organ gallery, divides the nave from the choir, which, including the Norman arches that sustain the tower, is 134 feet in length, and the roof is supported by a range of three pointed arches on each side, resting on clustered columns similar to those of the nave 3 it is flagged with marble, and contains the prebendal stalls, bishop’s throne, and the tabernacle work,' erected by Bishop Sherborne, in the sixteenth century, ornamented with a profusion of gilding. The east end terminates in a wainsGotted altar- screen, with panels of crimson vel- vet 3 and beyond the altar-screen is the presbytery, of which the roof is supported by arches of graceful form,, rising from clustered columns of Petworth marble, with a circular window at the east end. The north transept is. separated from the cathedral,, and appropriated as the. parish church of St. Peter the Great. The Lady ChapeJ,, which is of later date, and ornamented with a Catherine- wheel window, has been divided into two portions, of which the upper forms the vestibule of the Chapter, library, and the lower the mausoleum of the Richmond family 3 and on the east of the south transept is the sacristy, now used as a chapter-house. The south transept, which contains a remarkably fine monument to the memory of Bishop Langton, and the shrine which canopies the tomb of St. Richard, has an elegant window of seven lights, in the decorated style, and is adorned with tw'o large and interesting historical paintings, for which it is indebted to the munificence and skill of Bishop Sherborne, and which, though defaced by the: swords of Cromwell’s soldiers, are considered very fine- specimens of early painting 3 also with a series of por- traits of several bishops of Chichester, and of the kings> of England from the Conquest, concluding with George; III. One of the paintings represents the foundation of the see at Selsey by Ceadwalla 3 the other. Bishop Sher- borne, attended by his ecclesiastics, petitioning Henry VII. for a confirmation of the charter granted by Cead- walla. There are several monuments and ancient pieces^ of sculpture in the cathedral : at the west end of the middle south aisle is a fine whole-length statue of Mr. Huskisson 3 and, in the same aisle, an interesting mo- nument to the memory of the poet Collins, executed in white marble by Flaxman, and erected by subscription.. The cloisters, occupying three sides of an irregular quad- rangle, are in the later style. Within the last few years considerable improvements have been made in the inte- rior of the cathedral, which has. been repaired and partly restored 5 thick coats of whitewash and plaster, which, had accumulated for ages, have been removed, and, se- veral of the finer portions of the internal embellishment' brought to light, among which are some beautiful arches over the entrance to the Lady Chapel 3 the choir has been enlarged and beautified, and many of the old seats CHIC and other obstructions have been removed from the nave. It is now undergoing another renovation, such as restoring the ancient tombs and their efTigies, and the mutilated Purbeck marble columns, the whole under the direction of Mr. Richardson, who lately renovated the Temple church. The Bishop’s Palace, situated in some pleasant grounds, neatly laid out, near the cathe- dral, and bounded by part of the ancient ramparts of the city, after undergoing numerous changes in its ex- ternal appearance, was repaired in 1725, and presents a modern front, consisting of a centre and two wings con- nected by an open corridor 3 attached is a handsome cha- pel, in the early English style. The principal entrance to the palace court is through the Canon-gate, erected in the reign of Richard II., above which was the ecclesiastical prison. The deanery, built by Dean Sherlock, afterwards Bishop of London, is a modern edifice, erected in 1725. Of the ancient houses for the canons, only two are now remaining, which have been assigned to the two senior residentiaries 3 in one of these is a fine Norman arch, with highly enriched mouldings. The house in which the Precentor lives, is said to have been anciently the residence of William D’Albini, the fourth Earl of Arundel. Chichester comprises the parishes of All Saints, or the Pallant or Palatinate (so called as being a peculiar of the Archbishop of Canterbury), containing 327 inhabit- ants 3 St. Andrew, 625 3 St. Martin, 282 3 St. Olave, 238 3 St. Pancras, partly within and partly without the walls, 1065 •, St. Peter the Great, or the Subdeanery, 5021 3 St. Peter the Less, 349 5 St. Bartholomew With- out, 297 5 and the precinct of the Cathedral Close, 145. These parishes were, by act of parliament, in 1753, united for the better maintenance of the poor, under the inspection of guardians. There is also an extra-parochial district called Newtown, formerly the Black friars, con- taining 123 persons 3 likewise a small extra-parochial plot beyond the walls, called St. James’, and containing 40 inhabitants. The living of All Saints is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 17. 6. 3 net income, £55 3 patron. Archbishop of Canterbury. The living of St, And 7 'ew's is a discharged rectory, valued at £4. 13. 4.3 net income, £102 3 patrons. Dean and -Chapter of Chichester. The church is a neat edifice, in the later English style. The living of St. Martin s is a discharged rectory, valued at £1. 6. 8.3 net income, £67 ; patrons, the Dean and Chapter. The church, which was rebuilt by Mrs. Dear, of the city, is a hand- some structure, in the decorated English style : the in- terior is richly ornamented, and contains a fine monu- ment lately erected to the memory of that lady. The living of St. Olave s is a discharged rectory, valued at £4. IS. 9 -} net income, £853 patrons, the Dean and Chapter. The living of St. Pancras is a discharged rec- tory, valued at £8. 10. 8. 3 net income, £120 3 patrons, the Trustees of Rev. G. Bliss. The church, which was destroyed during the parliamentary war, was rebuilt by subscription in 1750. The living of St. Peter s the Great is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £16.8.4.3 net income, £150 3 patrons and appropria- tors, the Dean and Chapter. The church is formed of the north transept of the cathedral. The district church, de- dicated to St. Paul, is situated in the centre of a spacious cemetery in the suburb of Summerstown, near the north gate 3 it is a handsome edifice, in the later English style, 576 CHIC with a lofty square embattled tower, and was built at an expense of £4500, raised by subscription, and was opened for divine service on the 13th of Oct. 1836. The living is in the patronage- of the Vicar, after whose de- mise it will be in the Dean and Chapter 3 net income, £150. The living of St. Peter's the Less is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £1. 6. 8. 3 net in- come, £56 3 patron. Dean of Chichester. The church is an ancient edifice in the early English style. The living of St. Bartholomew' s Without is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £653 patron and appropriator. Dean of Chi- chester, The church, which was demolished during the parliamentary war, has been lately rebuilt. At Newton, an extra-parochial district within the walls of the city, a proprietary chapel, dedicated to St. John the Evangelist, was erected in 1813, on the lands of the monastery of the Black friars, at an expense of £7000, raised partly in shares and partly by subscription 3 it is a handsome edifice of white brick, with a campanile turret, and two porches of Roman cement 3 the interior is well arranged, and contains 900 sittings, of which 250 are free. By act of parliament, passed in 1812, the Dean and Chapter, the Mayor, and all subscribers of £100, are perpetual trustees, and appoint the minister, whose fixed stipend of £80 is augmented by the rent of six pews, producing £35 per annum, and an endowment of £200 by the Rev. S. Barbut, and £300, Queen Anne’s Bounty. There are places of worship for the Society of Friends, Hunting- tonians, Independents, Wesley ans, and Unitarians. The free grammar school was founded in 1497, by Bishop Story, chiefly for the training of youth intended for holy orders, and endowed with the prebend of High- ley, which is annexed to the mastership, and with tithes and land in other parts of Sussex 3 the management is vested in the bishop, who confirms the appointment of a master nominated by the Dean and Chapter. Arch- bishop Juxon 5 the learned Selden 3 Collins, the poet ; and the late Dr. Hurdis, Professor of Poetry in the Uni- versity of Oxford, received the rudiments of their educa- tion in the school. A free school for affording nautical education to boys, was founded, in 1702, by Oliver Whitby, Esq., who endowed it with lands now pro- ducing £1230 per annum : charity schools are supported by subscription 3 and there are also national and Lan- casterian schools. St. Mary’s hospital, founded by one of the deans in the reign of Henry II., for two men and six women, was re-founded by Queen Elizabeth, in 1562, for a warden or custos in holy orders, two men, and three women 3 the warden has a stipend of £160, and each of the inmates an allowance of £30 per annum 3 the building consists of a refectory, on each side of which are rooms for the inmates, and at the east end a chapel, in which divine service is performed twice every day. The dispensary, established in 1784, and a noble infirmary, in 1827, about a mile north of the city, are supported by voluntary contributions. The latter, which is denominated the West Sussex or East Hampshire General Infirmary and Dispensary, was erected in 1826 3 the building, a handsome range in the Grecian style, is 120 feet in length ; a wing has been added^ for the erection of which the sum of £1000 was presented by Charles Dixon, Esq. Mr. John Hardham, of Lon- don, bequeathed property producing £700 per annum, to be applied to the diminution of the poor rates. An ancient hospital for lepers was founded in the CHIC CHID reign of Richard I. ; and to the south-east of the city, was a house of Black friars, established by Eleanor, queen of Edward I., and dedicated to St. Mary and St. Vincent. At St. Roche’s hill, where was formerly a chapel dedicated to that saint, may be traced the remains -of a circular Danish encampment. At Gowshill, about half a mile further, is an oblong camp 5 and on the same side, though nearer to the town, another of similar form, but larger, surrounded by a strong rampart and a single moat j they are both supposed to be Roman, and were, perhaps, occupied by Vespasian, when he landed on this coast. On making some alterations in the choir of the cathedral in 18*29, while removing an old staircase near the altar, four large coffins of Sussex marble, beautifully polished, were discovered, in each of which was a skele- ton in perfect preservation, which, from the remains of garments, appeared to have been interred in full canoni- cals, with pastoral staff, chalice, patten, and rings. Two ancient pieces of sculpture were also found near the stalls on the south side of the choir, one representing Mary and her sister Martha kneeling before our Saviour at the porch of a temple, the other representing the raising of Lazarus from the dead ; they are placed against The wall of the south aisle, near Bishop Sherborne’s mo- nument. Near the vicarage in South-street is an an- cient crypt in fine preservation, to which is a descent of six steps from the level of the pavement 5 its history is very imperfectly known, but it is supposed to have be- longed to the monastery of St. Peter 5 it is 36 feet in length, 24 in breadth, and 1 1 feet high ; the roof, which is finely groined, is supported in the centre by a range of circular dwarf columns with capitals, and the arches terminate in corbels on the walls. Bradwardine and Juxon, Archbishops of Canterbury 5 Lawrence Somer- cote, a great canonist and writer 3 and the poets Collins and Hayley, were natives of the city. The learned Dr. Chillingworth was buried in the cloisters, and John and George Smith, celebrated landscape-painters, were buried at St. Olave’s. Chichester confers the title of earl on the family of Pelham. CHICKERELL, EAST, a tything, in the parish of West Chickerell, union of Weymouth, hundred of Culliford-Tree, Dorchester division of Dorset 3 containing 24 inhabitants. CHICKERELL, WEST, a parish, in the union of Weymouth, hundred of Culliford-Tree, Dorchester division of Dorset, 3 miles (N. W. by W.) from Wey- mouth 3 containing, with the tythings of East Chick- erell and Putton, 531 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 16. 0^. 3 net income, £320 3 patrons, Duke of Cleveland and Dowager Countess of Sandwich. The tithes have been com- muted for £200, and the glebe contains 45 J acres, to which there is a glebe-house. CHICKLADE {All Saints) ^ a parish, in the union of Tisbury, hundred of Dunworth, Hindon and S. divisions of Wilts, 1 mile (N.) from Hindon 3 contain- ing 109 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 5.3., and in the patronage of the Marquess of Bath ; the tithes have been commuted for £193, and the glebe comprises 33^ acres. The church has been rebuilt. CHICKNEY {St, Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Dunmow, N. division of Essex, 6 miles (N. W, by N.) from Dunmow 3 containing 59 inhabitants. VOL. I.— 577 It comprises 700a. 2r. 32p., of which about 517 acres are arable, 127 pasture, and 36 woodland. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10, and in the patronage of H. Cranmer, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £170, and the glebe comprises 40| acres. The church, situated on elevated ground, is a small edifice, with a tower of stone, surmounted by a shingled spire. CHICK SANDS, an extra-parochial liberty, in the union of Biggleswade, hundred of Clifton, county of Bedford, mile (W. N. W.) from Shefford 3 con- taining 60 inhabitants. A priory for canons and nuns of the rule of St. Gilbert of Sempringham was founded in 1150, by Pain de Beauchamp, and the Lady Roas, his wife : the two quadrangles, with the cloisters, re- main entire, and have been converted into a modern mansion. CHICKSGROVE, a tything, in the parish and union of Tisbury, hundred of Dunworth, PJindon and S. divisions of Wilts, 4^ miles (E. S. E.) from Hindon. CHICKSTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Littleham, union of St. Thomas, hundred of East Budleigh, Woodbury and S. divisions of Devon. Here was for- * merly a chapel, dedicated to our Saviour. CHICKWARD, a township (with Pembers-Oak and Lilwall), in the parish and union of Kington, hun- dred of Huntingdon, county of Hereford 3 contain- ing 380 inhabitants. CHIDDEN, a tything, in the parish and hundred of Hambledon, union of Droxford, Droxford and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 8^ miles (S. W. by W.) from Petersfield3 containing, with Giid- den, 207 inhabitants. CHIDDINGFOLD (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Hambledon, Second division of the hundred of Godalming, W. division of Surrey, 6 miles (S.) from Godaiming : containing 1 135 inhabitants. It is situ- ated on the road from Godaiming to Chichester, and comprises about 5766 acres. The living is a rectory, with Haslemere annexed, valued in the king’s books at £26. 4. 7*> and in the patronage of the Dean of Salis- bury : the tithes of Chiddingfold have been commuted for £630, and there is a glebe of 13| acres. The church is in the early English style, with some later additions. A national school is supported by subscrip- tion. CHIDDINGLY, a parish, in the union of Hail- sham, hundred of Shiplake, rape of Pevensey, E. division of Sussex, 7 miles (S. E.) from Uckfield 3 con- taining 930 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the road from London to Eastbourne, and comprises 4393a. 3r. I6p., of which about 2100 acres are arable, 975 mea- dow and pasture, 1051 wood, and 80 hop-grounds 3 the surface is pleasingly undulated, and from Peake Hill are richly diversified prospects. Dicker Common, which was inclosed by act of parliament in 1813, is now fine corn land. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s IBooks at £8, and in the patronage of the Countess Amherst 3 impropriator, A. E. Fuller, Esq. The great tithes have been commuted for £550, and the vicarial for £252. 3. 3 the impropriate glebe comprises 34^ acres, and the vicarial 7 acres. The church is a handsome edifice, chiefly in the later style, with a square embattled tower of the early English style, surmounted by a spire 3 at the east end of the south aisle is a chapel 4 E C H I E C H IG in which is a splendid, though mutilated, monument to Sir John Jefferay, Knt., lord chief barOn of the ex- chequer in the reign of Elizabeth. Two schools are supported by subscription. CHIDDINGSTONE (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Seyen-Oaks, hundred of Somerden, lathe of Sutton -at-Hon^e, W. division of Kent, 8 miles (S. S. W.) from Seven-Oaks 3 containing 1405 inhabitants. The parish in the Texius Roffensis is called Cidingstcene, and in other records Chiding- stone, according to tradition, from a large stone, supposed from its name to have been the spot where judicial affairs were transacted by the ancient Britons. It comprises 57056 ?. Ir. 19 p., and is bounded on the south by a branch of the Medway, and intersected by the river Eden, about a mile south of which, on an eminence, is the village. The South-East- ern railway passes a little to the north. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £28. 9 . 4 ^., and > in the patronage of the Archbishop of Canterbury : the tithes have been commuted for £ 868 , and the glebe comprises 7 acres, to which there is an excellent glebe- house. The church is a very neat building, chiefly in the later English style, and contains some handsome monuments to the Streatfield family, and a peal of bells 3 the tower is considered the finest in the county. There are national schools. CHIDEOCK (St. Giles), a parish, in the union of Brtdport, hundred of Whitchurch-Canonicorum, Bridport division of Dorset, 2 | miles (W.) from Brid- port 3 containing 826 inhabitants. It is bounded on the south by the English Channel. The livdng is a perpetual curacy, annexed, with Marshwood and Stan- ton-St. Gabriel, to the vicarage of Whitchurch-Canon- icorum. There is a place of worship for Roman Catho- lics. CHIDHAM, a parish, in the union of West Bourne, hundred of Bosham, rape of ChiOhester, W. division of Sussex, 6 miles (W. by S.) from Chichester 3 con- taining 325 inhabitants. This parish, which forms a peninsula on the coast, is bounded on the east by Bosham Creek, on the west by Thorney Channel, and on the south by the harbour of Chichester. It has been attempted several times to open a more direct commu- nication between this place and Bosham, by means of an embankment of the sea, but hitherto without success 3 the last embankment, which was 550 yards in length, and 1 5 feet high, was swept away by the memo- rable storm of 1822. The soil is a marl of the richest kind, producing wheat and oats of superior quality 3 and the Chidham white, or Ledge- wheat seed, which is in so great estimation, takes its name from having been first raised in this parish. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 10 . 19 . 2.3 net income, £114; patron, W. Newland, Esq. 3 impro- priators, the Landowners. The church is chiefly in the early English style, with later additions. CHIDLOW, a township, in the parish of Malpas, union of Wrexham, Higher division of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, 2 miles (S. E.) from Malpas 3 containing 12 inhabitants. The tithes have been commuted for £18. 10 ., payable to the rectors of the parish. CHIEVELEY, or Chevelie (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Newbury, hundred of Faircross, county of Berks, 4 ^ miles (N. by E.j from Newbury; 578 containing 1936 inhabitants, and consisting of 4he cha- pelries of Leckhampstead, Oare, and Winterbourne, and the tythings of Courage and Snelsmore. This place was the residence of the Prior of Abingdon, whose ancient seat still retains the name of Priors’ Court. The parish comprises 89256?. 3r. 5p.,of which the surface is in gene- ral flat, and is watered by the Winterbourne rivulet. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £26. 11. 3.3 net income, £11745 patrons, alternately, John Thomas Wasey, Esq., and the Rev. Christopher Capel 3 impropriators, various landowners. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1810. There are chapels at Leckhampstead, Oare, and Winter- bourne 3 and a place of worship for Wesleyans. In 1759 , Thomas Henshaw granted an annuity of £10, with a school-house at North Heath, and in 1805, Catherine Mather bequeathed £800, both for educating children ; the school- house was rebuilt in 1839, and the school placed in union with the National Society. CHIGNAL (St. James), a parish, in the union and hundred of Chelmsford, S. division of Essex, 3 j miles (N. W.) from Chelmsford 3 containing 252 inhabitants. The soil is generally inferior, and a considerable quantity is a wet deep loam resting on a clayey marl, which, under the best management, is far from being produc- tive. The living is a rectory, with that of St. Mary and Mashbury united, valued in the king’s books at £ 10 . 14. 7*5 net income, £430; patrons, Executors of the late Rev. B. Hanbury. The church is a small edifice, partly of brick and partly of stone, with a spire of wood ; and near it is the parsonage-house, a hand- some edifice. There was formerly a church dedicated to St. Mary, but it was taken down long since ; the ancient churchyard is now a small field, called St. Mary’s croft. Here is a national school. CHIGNAL-SMEALY (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union and hundred of Chelmsford, S. division of Essex, 4f miles (N. W. by N.) from Chelmsford ; con- taining 94 inhabitants. This is one of the smallest parishes in the county, containing only about 300 acres of land, the greater part of which is of very infe- rior quality. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 6. 8.; net income, £120; patrons, alternately, F. Austen, Esq., and the family of Coke. The church is a small building of brick, with an embattled tower, and contains some ancient monu- ments. CHIGWELL (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Epping, hundred of Ongar, S. division of Essex, 6 miles (S.) from Epping, and 12 (N. E.) from London 3 containing 2059 inhabitants. This place was originally within the bounds of the great forest of Waltham, and in ancient records is styled Cingwella, supposed to imply the King’s Well, a purgative spring here, from which its present name is derived. In the adjacent forest was formerly a royal mansion, designated Potteles, or Lang- fords, the only memorial of which is preserved in the name of the site, now called King’s Place Farm. The parish consists of land in a high state of cultivation, and of great fertility ; the scenery is pleasingly rural, and embellished with rich woods and thriving plantations 3 and in the immediate neighbourhood are several hand- some seats and villas. The village consists principally of one long street, on the road from London to Ongar and Dunmow, and contains many substantial houses. CHI G CHIL At a distainee of a mile to the sauth-east of the church is a range of detached villas arid good houses, called GhigweH Row, forming one of the most populous and respectable parts of the parish. From these dwellings, particularly from the top of Hog-Hill House, a hunting- seat, built by the late Sir James Tylney Long, Bart., is a splendid panoramic view, embracing St. Paul’s Cathe- dral, the whole line of the Thames for man}’' miles, Norwood, Shooter’s Hill, Grenwich Hospital and Park, Woolwich Arsenal, and a large portion of the county of Kent down to Gravesend. The air is very salubrious, owing to the elevated position of the parish, and the in- habitants are noted for longevity. A road made across Hainault forest from Chigwell Row to Romford, by subscription, in 1809, affords great facilities for traffic to the agriculturists and others of the northern part of Essex, Herts, Middlesex, and Bucks, to the great market of Romford. Rolls Park, in the parish, was purchased by Eliab Harvey, in the beginning of the seventeenth century, and wus the residence of his descendant. Ad- miral Sir Eliab Harvey, K.G.C., who distinguished him- self in the battle of Trafalgar, when his own ship, the Temeraire, was boarded by two French ships, both of which, after a severe struggle, were captured arid taken ill tow as prizes. The LIVING is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £183 patron and appropriator. Prebendary of St. Pan eras, in the Cathedral of St. Paul, London. The great tithes have been commuted for £900, and the vicarial for £500 3 the prebendary’s glebe contains 56^ acres> and the vicar’s nearly 11 acres, and there is a glebe-house. The church is an ancient structure, ex- hibiting in the south entrance and other parts some remains of early Norman architecture, with a wooden belfry and spire 3 on the north side of the chancel is an effigy in brass of Dr. Samuel Harsnet, many years vicar of the parish, and successively Bishop of Chichester and Norwich, and Archbishop of York, who was buried here in 1631 5 on the south side is a monument in alabaster to the memory of Thomas Coleshill, Esq., an officer in the courts of Edward VI., Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth, and inspector of the customs at the port of London, who died in 1595 3 and there are several other ancient monuments. St. John’s chapel, at Buckhurst Hill, consecrated in April, 1837, is an elegant building, erected at a cost of about £2000, raised by subscription, including a grant of £200 from the Incorporated Society 3 the site was given by the lady of the manor, Mrs. Hatch Abdy, of Claybury Hall, who died in 1 838, and to whom a monument has been erected in the chapel. At Chig- well Row is a place of w’orship for Independents. In 1629, Archbishop Harsnet founded two free schools, one for the Greek and Latin languages, the other for writing and arithmetic, and endowed them with the impropriate rectory of Tottington, in Norfolk, now yielding a gross income of £340 per annum, which, however, is charged with the payment of £10, to be distributed in twopenny loaves among twenty-four poor persons who attend the church, and £1 to the parish- clerk for ringing the church bell every morning at six o’clock. William Penn, founder of the colony of Penn- sylvania, wus educated in the school. Other schools are supported, and there arc also almshouses 3 and several benefactions have been left for the poor of the parish. - . 579 CHiLBOLTON (St. Mary),, a parish, iii the union of Andover, hundred of B.uddlesgate, Andover and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 4 miles (S. E. by S.) from Andover 3 containing 35.9 inhabitants^ According to a notice discovered by the present rector among the parochial records, this parish, together with that of Enford, was, la gratitude for deliverance, given to the, cathedral of Winchester by Athelstane, who, being defeated by the Danes on their landing on the coast of Sussex, about 930, shut himself up in that place, where, after a fruitless siege, it was agreed to decide the fate of the kingdom by single combat, on which occasion the giant Colbrand, the Danish cham- pion, was vanquished by the renowned Guy, Earl of Warwick. The Andover canal passes through the south- western part of the parish. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £26. 9. 4l., and in the patronage of the Bishop of Winchester : the tithes have been commuted for £617. 10., and the glebe com- prises 10 acres. A national school is supported by subscription. CHILCOMB, a parish, in the union of New Win- chester, hundred of Fawley, Winchester and N. divi- sions of the county of SouTHAJSAPTaN, l| mile (S. E. by E.) from Winchester 3 containing 269 inhabitants. The parish is situated in a valley, surrounded on all sides by hills, and comprises 2257«. I 6 p. : stone is quarried, which is used chiefly for lime. The river Itchen, which is partly navigable, and a canal, run through the parish, nearly in a parallel direction, in their course from Winchester to Southampton 3 and a road from Winchester to Petersfleld passes at a small distance from the village. A fair for general, commo- dities is held on St. Magdalen Hill on the 2nd of Aug., said to have been formerly the largest fair of those continuing only for one day, of any in England. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 6. 8., and in the gift of the Bishop of Winchester : the tithes have been commuted for £l6l, and the glebe comprises 4 ~ acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church was repew’ed in 1839, and the churchyard enlarged in 1840. V CHILCOMBE, a parish, in the union of Bridport, hundred of Uggscombe, Bridport division of Dorset, 4f miles (E. by S.) from Bridport 3 containing 53 in- habitants. The parish comprises by computation 450. acres 3 the lands are watered by a brook called Bridy : chalk is obtained for manure. The living is a dis- charged rectory, under sequestration, valued in the king’s books at £4. IL 8., and in the gift of Devisees of the Rev. Edward Foyle : the tithes have been com- muted for £100. The church is an ancient edifice,, and contains a monument to Henry Michell, killed in battle, 1662, aged twenty-one. On the summit of a steep hill to the northward, are vestiges of an intrenchment, inclos- ing three barrows : from its partaking both of the Roman and Saxon modes of fortification^ it is supposed to have been constructed by the former, and extended by the latter. The Knights Hospitallers had posses- sions here, with a quadrangular mansion, now a farm-; house. , . CHILCOMPTON (St. John the Baptist), a parish^ in the union of Glutton, hundred of Chewton, E< division of Somerset, 6|" miles (N. N. E.) from Shep- ton- Mallet 3 containing 6 18 inhabitants. The name of 4 E.2 C H I L C H I L the parish is derived from its situation in a cold, though picturesque vale. A clear stream flows through the village, forming at intervals small cascades ; and several pleasing villas add to the general neatness of the place. Coal is obtained ; imbedded in the red rock in the vale, are found calcareous spar, iron-ore, branches of coral, and a few cornua ammonis ; and there are quarries of common stone for rough building and the roads. The living is a perpetual curacy, with a net income of £129 : the patronage and impropriation belong to Miss Tooker. The church has been recently rebuilt on a larger scale. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. On Blacker’s Hill are vestiges of a quadrangular in- trenchment, inclosing about fifteen acres ; and near it are several tumuli, between which and Broadway are three subterranean cavities, supposed to have been iron pits, but called by the inhabitants The Fairy Slats.” CHILCOTE, a chapelry, in the parish of Clifton- Campville, union of Tamworth, hundred of Repton and Gresley, S. division of the county of Derby, 65 miles (S. W. by W.) from Ashby-de-la-Zouch ; con- taining 162 inhabitants. It is annexed to the rectory of Clifton Campville^ impropriator, J. Watkins, Esq. A composition in lieu of tithes is received for this and the chapelry of Harleston, amounting together to about £400. CHILCOTT, a ty thing, in the parish of St. Cuth- BERT, city and union of Wells, hundred of Wells- Forum, E. division of Somerset 3 containing 70 in- habitants. CHILDERDITCH (All Saints and St, Faith), a parish, in the union of Billericay, hundred of Ch af- ford, S. division of Essex, 2^ miles (S. S. E.) from Brentwood 5 containing 247 inhabitants. It is about 4| miles in length, and about one in breadth, and com- prises the manors of Childerditch and Tillingham. The living is a discharged viparage, valued in the king’s books at £S 3 patron and impropriator. Lord Petre. The tithes have been commuted for £172 ; the glebe com- prises nearly IS acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is a neat plain edifice, with a tower of brick, surmounted by a shingled spire. CHILDERLEY (St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Chesterton, county of Cambridge, 7 ^ miles (W. N. W.) from Cambridge 3 containing 54 inhabitants. After the capture of Charles I. by Cornet Joyce, in 1647, he was conveyed hither by order of Cromwell, who visited him, in company with Fairfax, both of them disavowing all participation in the sei- zure of his person, and, at the king’s request, caused him to be removed to Newmarket. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 6 . 9 . 2. 5 net income, £20 3 patron, N. Calvert, Esq. The church is in ruins. CHILDREY (St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Wantage, county of Berks, 2^ miles (W.) from Wantage 3 containing 546 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the Ickleton Way, part of the Ikeneld- street, and comprises 2719 «. 18p., of which about 2151 acres are arable, and the rest pasture 3 the soil, in the lower lands, is a rich black loam, with a substratum of clay 3 in the middle lands, a whitish loam, resting on soft freestone 3 and in the uplands a very shallow light black mould, on a white rubble. The surface is inter- sected by the Wilts and Berks canal, and, to the north 580 of the church, by the Great Western railway. The village is pleasantly situated, and was for one night the residence of Charles I., who, escorted by his own troop, took up his quarters here. The living is a rec*^ tory, valued in the king’s books at £33. 14. 7. 5 net income, £604 3 patrons. President and Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1772 . The church exhibits some remains of Norman architecture, and contains several ancient monuments, and a curious cir- cular font of lead, divided into compartments, in each of which is the figure of an abbot 3 the windows have some old stained glass 3 and there are effigies in brass, inlaid with lead, of William Fyndern and his wife, with the date 1444. There is a place of worship for Wes- leyans 3 also two schools, a few alms-houses, and other charities. CHILD’S-ERCALL, county of Salop.— S ee ER- CALL, CHILD’S.* — And all places having a similar dis- tinguishing prefix will he found under the proper name. CHILDWALL (All Saints), a parish, partly in the union of Prescot, and partly in that of West Derby, hundred of West Derby, S. division of the county of Lancaster 3 comprising the chapelries of Gars- ton. Hale, Wavertree, and Much Woolton, and the townships of Allerton, Childwall, Halewood, Speke, and Little Woolton 3 and containing 10,714 inhabitants, of whom 186 are in the township of Childwall, 4j miles (E. by S.) from Liverpool. This parish, which is bounded on the west and south by the river Mersej% comprises by computation 14,870 acres 3 the soil is various, in the higher lands a light clay upon red rock, in some few parts sandy, and the remainder a reddish marl alter- nated with blue clay. The Manchester railway passes about a mile to the north of the church. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 11. 8 . ; net income, £456 3 patron and appropriator. Bishop of Chester. The church has some early English piers and decorated windows 3 but the greater portion is of modern date. Jeremiah Markland, the learned critic and clas- sical scholar, was born here in 1693. CHILFROOM (Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Dorchester, hundred of Tollerford, Dor- chester division of Dorset, 9 miles (N. W. by W.) from Dorchester 3 containing 128 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5 3 net income, £180 3 patrons, alternately. Lords Poltimore and Sher- borne. A school was founded, in 1774, by George Brown, who endowed it with a rent-charge of £ 21 . CHILGROVE, a ty thing, in the parish of West Dean, union of West Bourne, hundred of West- bourn and Singleton, rape of Chichester, W, divi- sion of Sussex 3 containing 130 inhabitants. CHILHAM (St. Mary), a parish, and formerly a market-town, in the union of East Ashford, hundred of Felborough, Upper division of the lathe of Scray, E. division of Kent, 6 miles (W. S. W.) from Canter- bury 3 containing 1165 inhabitants. Chilham Castle is supposed to have been a post of the ancient Britons, and afterwards a military station of the Romans, there being evident proofs of the latter in the discovery of coins, foundations of houses, and other remains. It is of great antiquity, and was a strong fortress and palace of the kings of Kent, till destroyed by the Danes, in the middle of the ninth century 3 but at the C H I L C H I L Conquest it was rebuilt by Fulbert de Dover, on whom it had been bestowed. The present stately edifice was erected by Sir Dudley Digges, in 16 1 6 , and the in- terior of the Norman keep made applicable to domestic purposes. On the north-west side are traces of a deep fosse, inclosing an area of eight acres. It is asserted that Caesar, on his second invasion, defeated the Britons here, who retreated and intrenched themselves in an adjoining wood, where vestiges of their rude and exten- sive works are still visible ^ and on a hill at the south- east side of the river, and eastward from the castle is a tumulus, termed Julabers Grave, supposed to be the place of sepulture of Quintus Laberius Durus, a tribune, who was slain in the conflict. The house, which is in the Elizabethan style, is finely situated on the slope of a hill, commanding an extensive view of the valley of the Stour, On the same eminence, to the north-east of the house, stands the village, protected on one side by the castle and on the other by the church. The market has fallen into disuse j but a cattle fair is held on Nov. 8 th. The living is a vicarage, with that of Molash annexed, valued in the king’s books at £13. 6 . 8 . ; net income, £698 ^ patron, J. B. Wildman, Esq., who, with Sir J. Fagg, Bart., is impropriator. The great tithes have been commuted for £ 1000 , and the vicarial for £600 J the glebe contains 25 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is a spacious cruciform struc- ture, exhibiting portions in various styles, whereof the early English predominates i it contains several monu- ments, the principal of which are, a group in marble, by Chantrey, considered one of his finest works 3 the mausoleum of the Colebrooks, erected in 1755, on the site of an ancient chantry chapel 5 that of Sir Dudley Digges, of earlier date, with his splendid monument in the centre 5 and a monument to the memory of his sister. Dame Margaret Palmer, There is a school en- dowed with funds producing £ 12 . 11 . 6 . per annum, CHILHAMPTON, a chapelry, in the parish of South Newton, union of Wilton, hundred of Branch and Dole, Salisbury and Amesbury, and S. divisions of Wilts, If mile (N.) from Wilton. CHILLENDEN (All Saints), a parish, in the union and hundred of Eastry, lathe of St. Augustine, E. division of Kent, 3f miles (S. E. by S.) from Wing- ham 3 containing 137 inhabitants. The parish, which comprises only 250 acres, chiefly arable, is the smallest in the county. A fair for pedlery, &c., is held on Whit- Monday. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5, and in the patronage of the Crown; net income, £130. The church is a small ancient edifice, with a Norman arch at the entrance. CHILLERTON, a hamlet, partly in the parish of Wootton, liberty of East Medina, but chiefly in that of Carisbrooke, liberty of West Medina, Isle of Wight incorporation and division of the county of Southamp- ton 3 containing 244 inhabitants, CHILLESFORD (St, Peter), a parish, in the union and hundred of Plomesgate, E. division of Suffolk, 3 miles (AV. N. W.) from Orford 3 containing 220 inhabit- ants, and comprising by computation 1865 acres. A branch of the Ore, called Butley Creek, runs up to the place. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 3. 4., and in the patronage of Mrs. E. S. Smear ; the tithes have been commuted for £287. 8 . 7.5 and the glebe contains 32«. 5p^ 581 CHILLINGHAM (St, Peter), a parish, in the union of Glendale, E. division of Glendale ward, N. divU sion of Northumberland 3 containing 459 inhabitants, of whom 217 are in the township of Chillingham, 5 miles (E. by S.) from Wooler. The parish is situated on the river Till, which flows through the centre of it, in a direction from south to north, and falls into the Tweed at Tilmouth 3 it comprises, including the town- ships of Hebburn and Newtown, 4925«. Sr, 25p., of which 1794 acres are arable, 2296 pasture, and 835 woodland 3 the surface is in many parts richly embel- lished 3 the soil is various, but the greater portion ex- ceedingly fertile : coal and limestone are found, whereof the latter is quarried for burning into lime 3 and there are quarries of stone for building and other purposes. The parish belongs to the Earl of Tankerville, whose seat, Chillingham Castle, is a very ancient structure 3 the north-east tower dates back to the time of Henry III. : it probably became dilapidated during the war of the Roses, and the centre was rebuilt in the reign of James I. In the park is a breed of wild cattle, the only one in the island, and supposed to be the same as were found before the time of the Romans 3 the animals are white, with a tinge of red on the ears. The living is a vicarage, as to the townships of Chillingham and New- town, and a rectory as to Hebburn, and is valued in the king’s books at £4 ; patron. Bishop of Durham ; impropriator of the remainder of the great tithes, Earl of Tankerville. The tithes have been commuted for £384, and the glebe comprises nearly 2 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is an ancient and small edifice, with a Norman doorway 3 in the chancel is a richly- sculptured monument, temp, Henry YH., to Sir Ralph Grey, whose father was killed at the battle of Towton, and whose grandfather was beheaded by Henry V., with Lord Cobham, after the Lollard outburst. From him descended Mary, only daughter of Ford, Earl of Tankerville and Baron Grey, of Wark, and wife of Charles, 2 nd Baron Ossulston, and 1 st (renewed title) Earl of Tankerville, 1714. A parochial school, built in 1835, by subscription, is under the controul of the National Society. On an eminence eastward from Chillingham Park is a double intrenchment, called Ros Castle, supposed to have been a British fort ; in the park is an ancient camp 3 and there are tumuli, formed of irregular heaps of stones, out of which urns con- taining human ashes have been dug. At Newtown is an ancient cross, termed the Hurle Stone, twelve feet high. CHILLINGTON (St, James), a parish, in the union of Chard, hundred of South Petherton, W. division of Somerset, 4 miles (W, by N.) from Crewkerne 3 containing 321 inhabitants. It is situated in a beautiful valley, to the north of the great London road, and com- prises 882a. Ir. Ip, The living is a perpetual curacy; net income, £60 3 patron and impropriator, Earl Pou- lett, whose tithes have been commuted for £237. CHILLINGTON, a liberty, in the parish of Bre. WOOD, union of Penkridge, E. division of the hundred of CuTTLESTONE, S, divisiou of the county of Staf- ford. CHILMARK (St, Margaret), a parish, in the union ofTiSBURY, hundred of Dunworth, Hindon and S. divisions of the county of Wilts, 12 miles (W. by N.) from Salisbury 3 containing, with the tything of Rudge, C H I L CH I L >93 inhabitants. The parish, which is situated on the [ncient Ikeneld-street, formerly belonged to the abbey d* Wilton, and was granted by Henry VIII. to William lerbert and his wife, sister to Catharine Parr, and is itill the property of their descendants, the Earls of Pembroke. It comprises 3032a. 3r. 14p;, and contains :lay of excellent quality for bricks and for pottery. The lelebrated quarries of freestone, from Mdiich was raised he stone for the erection of Salisbury cathedral, have ilmost fallen into disuse, being superseded by the Bath tone, which is more easily wrought. The river Nadder, tnd several of its tributaries, flow through the parish, vhich is also intersected by the Wilts and Berks canal. 1 fair, chiefly for cheese and horses, is held on the 3 1st )f July. The living is a rectory, valued in the king's )ooks at £19. 13. 4., and in the gift of the Earl of Pem- )roke : the tithes have been conimuted for £411, and he glebe comprises 24 acres. The church is cruciform, vith a tower rising from the intersection, surmounted )y a handsome spire j some parts of the building are in he early English style, others of later date. There is a ;chool, supported by the Earl of Pembroke and the •ector. This is the birthplace of John de Chilmarke, a jelebrated mathematician and philosophical writer in the hirteenth century. CHILSON, a tything, in the parish of CHARLBURy, inion of Chipping-Norton, hundred of Chadliis^gton, county of Oxford, miles (S. by W.) from Chipping- ?^orton 3 containing, with the tything of PudJicott, 287 nhabitants. CHILSWELL, a liberty, in the parish of Cumner, inion of Abingdon, hundred of Hormer, county of Berks, 5 miles (N. by W.) from Abingdon ; containing 12 inhabitants. Here was formerly a chapel. OHILTERN, Wilts.— See Chittern. OHILTHGRNE-DOMER, (St, Maey), a parish, in the union of Yeovil, hundred of Stone, W. division of Somerset, 3 miles (N. W.) from Yeovil 3 containing 291 inhabitants, and comprising by measurement 1395 acres. The living is a discharged vicarage, endowed with the rectorial tithes, and valued in the king s books at £5. 7. 1. 3 net income, £235 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. John Bayly. The glebe contains 16 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. CHILTINGTON, EAST, a village, in the parish of Westmeston, union of Chailey, hundred of Street, rape of Lewes, E. division of Sussex, 5 miles (N. W. by N.) from Lewes 5 containing 271 inhabitants. Here is a church, which is subordinate to the mother church, and is a neat edifice, in the later English style. A school was endowed in 1797» b}^ John Marten, with a rent- charge of £4. 6. 8., and is further supported by a be- quest of the Rev. W. PI. Campion, and by subscription. A school-house was built, in 1836, at the expense of J. M. Cripps, Esq. CHILTINGTON, WEST, a parish, in the union of Thakeham, partly in the hundred of East Easwrith, rape of Bramber, but, chiefly in that of West Eas- writh, rape of Arundel, county of Sussex, 9 miles (E. S. B.) ^ from Petworth 3 containing 7 47 inhabitants. The parish comprises by computation 3444 acres, of which 2817 are arable 3 a portion towards the South Downs is uninclosed common 3 the surface is flat, but is intersected by a ridge of considerable elevation, ex- tending fo3^ nearly half a mile, and commanding good 582 views. The soil near the downs is sandy, resting on a substratum of iron-stone 3 towards the wilds, the soil is a good mould, favourable for the growth of corn and' timber 3 on the steep banks which overhang the roads,' are found circular nodules of blue limestone imbedded in clay 3 and in the lower parts are some pits of Sussex marble of fine quality. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 16. 10^., and in the patronage of the Earl of Abergavenny : the tithes have been com- muted for £770, and a rent- charge of £18. 10. is paid to the rector of Greatham, and one of £6 to another impropriator 3 the glebe comprises 12 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is a handsome structure, chiefly in the early English style, with later additions, and some more ancient details 3 it has a spire- rising from the centre, between the nave and chancel^ and a highly-enriched Norman arch at the north en- trance. A school was founded, in 1634, by William Smyth, Esq., who endowed it with land producing £47 per annum. CHILTON (Jll Saints), a parish, in the union of Wantage, hundred of Compton, county of Berks, 3f* miles (N.) from East Ilsley 3 containing 309 inhabitants, and comprising 1374a. 2r. 36p, The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 8. 4., and in the gift of the family of Heneage 3 net income, £400. CHILTON (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Thame, hundred of Ashendon, county of Bucking- ham, 3 ^ miles (N. by W.) from Thame 3 containing^ with the hamlet of Easington, 364 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, net income, £67 j patron and impropriator, Charles Spencer Ricketts, Esq. The church contains some fine monuments to the Croke family, of whom Sir George Croke, Knt., the celebrated lawyer, famous for his determined opposition to the tax of ship-money, in the reign of Charles I., wus born and lies buried here. Nicholas Almond, in 1628, gave prof)erty, now producing £26. 16. 6. per annum, for distribution among the poor 3 and there is a small fund for apprenticing children. CHILTON, a township, in the parish of Merring- TON, union of Sedgefield, S. E. division of Darling- ton ward, S. division of the county of Durham, 9 mile& (S. by E.) from Durham 3 containing 189 inhabitants. The village of Great Chilton is situated about a mile to the north-east of Rushyford, and occupies a hilly re- gion : it formed part of the forfeitures of William de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk, in 1388. There is a branch of the Clarence railway from the Durham branch, about three furlongs in length. The tithes have been com- muted for £234. 19., of which £l66. 19. are payable to' the Dean of Durham, and £68 to the vicar of the parish. CHILTON, a parish, in the union of Sudbury, hundred of Babergh, W. division of Suffolk, 1^ mile (N. E. by E.) from Sudbury 3 containing 98 inhabitants. It comprises 979«^. D. 8p. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 6. 5^., and in the gift of W. H. Windham, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £280, of which £80 belong to the rector of Great Waldingfield 3 and there are nearly 26 acres of glebe. CHILTON, or Chipley, a hamlet, in the parish of Clare, union and hundred of Risbridge, W. division of Suffolk, *1 mile (W. by N.) from Clare 3 containing G HI L C H I M 160 inbabitaats. A small priory of Augustine canons, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, was founded here 5 but the income not exceeding £10 per annum, and the buildings becoming dilapidated, it was given, in 1468, to the Dean and Chapter of the College of Stoke : the remains have been converted into a dwelling-house. There was also a chapel. CHILTON-CANDOVER, county of Southampton. —See Candover, Chilton. CHILTON-CANTILO (St. James}, a parish, in the union of Yeovil, forming a detached portion of the hundred of Houndsborough, Barwick, and Coker, W. division, but locally in that of Horethorne, E. division of Somerset, 4 miles (N. by E.) from Yeovil 3 containing, with the chapelry of Nether Adber, 134 in- habitants. It comprises 61 6 acres, and is washed, on its western boundary, by the river Yeo. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 11. 5|. ; net income, £^60 3 patron, John Bragge, Esq. CHILTON-FOLIATT {St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Hungerford, partly in the hundred of Kint- bury-Eagle, county of Berks, but chiefly in the hun- dred of Kinwardstone, Marlborough and Ramsbury, and N. divisions of Wilts, 9 ,^ miles (N. W. by W.) from Hungerford ; containing, with the hamlet of Leverton, -in Berks, 7^7 inhabitants. The parish derives its name from the river Chilt, a small stream by which it is inter- •sected. Here is the residence of Lieut.-Col. Popham, -which is remarkable for its antiquity and elegance of style, and has attached to it a spacious Roman Catholic chapel. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14. 8. 9. j net income, £994 5 patron, Lieut.- Col. Popham. There is a place of worship for Wes- ley ans. In 1770, Roger and Elizabeth Ipanswick founded a school, with an endowment now producing £90 per annum, to which Walter Bigg, in 1772, be- queathed £100. CHILTON-TRINITY (Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Bridgwater, hundred of North Pether- ton, W. division of Somerset, l| mile (N. by W.) from Bridgwater ; containing, with the hamlet of Huntstill, 74 inhabitants. This place is of great antiquity, and formerly gave name to a hundred, designated Chilton- Trinitatis. The navigable river Parret flows on the eastern side of the parish ; and the neighbourhood con- tains a great quantity of coal, lying beneath a stony stratum, here called wark, on which, when split, impres- sions of fern and other plants are visible 3 much of the coal is tinged with sulphur, and in one mine a consider- able quantity of lead- ore was found adhering to it. The living is a discharged rectory, united to the vicarage of Bridgwater, and valued in the king’s books at £7. 0. 2^. 3 it is in the patronage of the Crown. The tithes of the parish, exclusive of the hamlets of Idstock and Beer, have been commuted for £193. 10. 6., and the glebe contains upwards of 5^ acres. The church is a neat structure, covered with lead, with a tower rebuilt in 1728. CHILTON-upon-Poldon, a chapelry, in the parish of Moorlinch, union of Bridgwater, hundred of 'Whitley, W'. division of Somerset, 5^ miles (E. N. E.) from Bridgwater 3 containing 425. inhabitants. The -living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £19 3 patron .and incumbent. Rev. H. J. Bowden 3 impropriator. Rev. 583 9 R. J. Luscombe. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £80, and the vicarial for £-78i CHILVERS-COTON {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Nuneaton, Atherstone division of the hundred of Hemlingford, N. division of the county of War- wick, f of a mile (S. W.) from Nuneaton.3 containing, with the hamlet of Griff, 2508 inhabitants. In the reign of Henry IL, Ralph de Sudley founded an Augustine priory at Erdbury, in this parish, . in honour of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the revenue of whidh, at the Dis- solution, was £122. 8. 6. The site was granted, in the reign of Elizabeth, to Sir Edmund Anderson, who de^ stroyed the monastic buildings, and with the materials erected a spacious quadrangular mansion, which, in 1586, he exchanged with John Newdigate, Esq., of Harefield, in the county of Middlesex, for the manor of Harefield. The ancient house was re-modelled by the late Sir Roger Newdigate, in the later style of English architecture 3 the apartments are spacious and richly ornamented, and the park is pleasingly varied. The parish comprises by measurement 4180 acres: the manu- facture of ribbons is carried on extensively 3 and there are some coal- works in the parish, which is intersected by the Coventry canal, the rateable annual value of the works being £798, and of the canal property £1022. The river Anker bounds the parish on the east, and it is crossed by the road d'rom Nuneaton to Coventry. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 4., and in the patronage of the Crown 3 net in- come, £106. The church has been recently enlarged, and 375 free sittings have been provided. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans ; and two national schools are supported by funds given by the late Sir Roger Newdigate. Adjoining the precincts of the park is an ancient residence of the Knights Templars, granted to them by Ralph de Sudley. CHILWELL, a hamlet, in the parish of Atten- borough, union of Shardlow, S. division of the wapentake of Broxtow, N. division of the county of Nottingham, 4f miles (S. W. by W.) from Notting- ham 5 containing 772 inhabitants, many of whom are employed in frame-work knitting and bobbin-net making. Here are two endowed almshouses. CHILWORTH, a hamlet, in the parish of Great Milton, union of Thame, hundred of Bullington, county of Oxford, 3^ miles (W. N. W.) from Tetsworth 3 containing 93 inhabitants. CHILWORTH, a parish, in the union of South Stoneham, hundred of Mainsbridge, Southampton and S. divisions of the county of Southampton, 5 miles (S. E. by E.) from Rorasey 3 containing 177 inhabitants. It is pleasantly situated, and comprises about 1200 acres, of which 200 are wood and meadow, and the rest chiefly arable 3 the soil is peculiarly favourable to the growth of oak, which is produced in luxuriance. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £53 3 patron and impropriator, John Fleming, Esq. The church is a small, but neat and beautiful, edifice, rebuilt, a few years since, by the late .patron, P. Serle, Esq. There is a school supported bv Mr. Fleming. CHILWORTH,’ Surrey.— S ee Martha (St.). CHIMNELL, a township, in the parish of Whit- church, Whitchurch division of the hundred of North Bradford, N. division of Salop, if mile (N. N. E.) from Whitchurch 3 containing 1 6 inhabitants. CHIN CHI P CHIMNEY, a hamlet, in the parish and hundred of Bampton, union of Witney, county of Oxford, 6:5 miles (S. by W.) from Witney ; containing 36 inhabit- ants. The river Isis flows past the village. CHINEHAM, a ty thing, in the parish of Monks- Sherborne, union and hundred of Basingstoke, Ba- singstoke and N. divisions of the county of South- ampton, 1^ mile (N, N. E.) from Basingstoke j contain- ing 34 inhabitants. CHINGFORD (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Epping, hundred of Waltham, S. division of Essex, 9^ miles (N. N. E.) from London; containing 971 in- habitants. This parish lies on the borders of Epping Forest, in which is a house called Queen Elizabeth’s Lodge, where the courts under the forest laws are held. It is separated on the west from the parish of Edmonton, in the county of Middlesex, by the river Lea, and com- prises about 2459 acres of good land, whereof 1505 are pasture and meadow, 462 arable, and 492 woodland, of which last 142 are inclosed. The surface is diversified, rising in some parts to a considerable elevation, and commanding richly varied views ; and from its situation on the borders of Epping Forest, and the number of handsome mansions in its vicinity, abounds with pictu- resque scenery. The name appears to have been derived from a ford over the river Lea, called the King’s Ford ; and the principal manor, which belonged to Edward the Confessor, was given by that sovereign to the Cathedral of St. Paul, London, from which it was separated at the Reformation. In the manor-house, now the residence of the Rev. R. B. Heathcote, is the oak table on which James I. is said to have knighted the sirloin of beef on his re- turn from hunting ; also an oak panel, supposed to have belonged to the coach in which Queen' Elizabeth rode to return thanks after the defeat of the Spanish Armada. A pleasure-fair is held on Whit-Monday. The living is *a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14. 5. 5. ; patron and incumbent. Rev. Mr. Heathcote, whose tithes have been commuted for £560, and whose glebe com- prises 18 acres. The church is a small ancient building of flint and stone, with a low tower, and in the later English style. In a corner are deposited the remains of Mr. and Mrs. Ramsden, who gave the pulpit, a very handsome one, and were buried about 1590 : he was an officer in the household of Queen Elizabeth, and left bequests to this and several adjoining parishes. Sir John Sylvester, recorder of the city of London, and the late Col. Cooke, formerly of the Bengal army, with his lady, are interred here ; and there are several very old tablets. National schools are supported by subscrip- tion. CHINLEY, a chapelry, in the parish of Glossop, union of Chapel-en-le-Frith, hundred of High Peak, N. division of the county of Derby, 2j miles (N. by W.) from Chapel-en-le-Frith ; containing, with Brownside and Bugsworth, 996 inhabitants. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £63. 9-j and the vicarial for .£11. 5. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans ; and a national school has been built. CHINNOCK, EAST (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Yeovil, hundred of Houndsborough, Bar- wick, and Coker, W. division of Somerset, 4| miles (S. W. by W.) from Yeovil ; containing 735 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Yeovil to Crewkerne, and comprises by measurement 1350 acres. The manu- 584 facture of sail-cloth is carried on to a considerable extent ; and stone is quarried, chiefly for rough walls. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 7« 8^., and in the patronage of the Crown, with a net income of £140; the impropriation belongs to Corpus Christ! College, Cambridge ; the glebe comprises 45 acres. The church has been recently enlarged, and now contains 450 sittings, of which 350 are free. There is a place of worship for Wesley anSi Property producing about £60 a year is applied to charitable purposes. About a mile west of the church is a spring of brackish water, from which salt may be extracted. CHINNOCK, MIDDLE (St. Margaret), a parish, in the union of Yeovil, hundred of Houndsborough, Barwick, and Coker, W. division of Somerset, 3^ miles (N. E. by N.) from Crewkerne; containing 222 inhabitants. It comprises 468a. 3r. 3 Ip., of which about 214 acres are arable, and 254 pasture. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 9. 7*> and in the gift of the Earl of Ilchester : the tithes have been commuted for £112. 12., and the glebe contains 39 acres. The church, which has a Norman arch over the southern entrance, has been considerably enlarged by subscription, aided by a grant from the Incorporated Society. CHINNOCK, WEST (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Yeovil, hundred of Houndsborough, Bar- wick, and Coker, W. division of Somerset, 3 miles (N. E. by N.) from Crewkerne ; containing 56 1 inhabit- ants. The living is annexed to the rectory of Chisle- borough: the tithes have been commuted for £160. 4. 8., and the glebe contains I5| acres. The church has been rebuilt. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. CHINNOR (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Wycombe, hundred of Lewknor, county of Oxford, 3^ miles (N. E. by E.) from Watlington; containing, with the liberty of Henton, 1308 inhabitants. The liv- ing is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £26. 0. 5., and in the patronage of Sir James Musgrave, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for £701. 12., and the glebe contains upwards of 15 acres, to which there is a glebe-house; a rent* charge of £50 is paid to the Dean and Canons of St. George’s, Windsor. The church is an elegant structure, partly in the early and partly in the decorated English style, with an embattled tower strengthened by buttresses ; it contains some brasses and interesting monuments. The Roman Ikeneld-street enters the county at this place, and, crossing the Thames, points towards Goring. CHIPCHASE, with Gunnerton, a township, in the parish of Chollerton, union of Hexham, N. E. divi- sion of Tindale ward, S. division of Northumber- land, 9 miles (N. N, W.) from Hexham ; containing 372 inhabitants. Odonel Umfraville had possession of this place in the reign of Henry II. ; and in 127^, it was the seat of Peter de Insula, from whom it passed to the Lisles, and subsequently to the Heron family, of whom Sir Harry Heron sold the estate to George Allgood, Esq., and from him it was purchased by the Reeds, in 1732. Chipchase Castle, a large and beautiful structure, stands upon a lofty eminence, at the foot of which flows the North Tyne. Of the ancient building only a tower remains ; it has a projecting battlement resting on cor- bels, and has openings for missiles ; some tattered frag- ments of paintings on the walls are exceedingly curious. CHIP CHIP A private chapel, in which the vicar performs divine service four times in the year, was rebuilt by John Reed, Esq., in 1732, on the lawn of the castle. CHIPPENHAM (St, Margaret), a parish, in the union of Newmarket, hundred of Staploe, county of Cambridge, 4^ miles (N. N. E.) from Newmarket 5 containing 666 inhabitants. William de Mandeville, Earl of Essex, gave this manor to the society of Knights Hospitallers, who fixed a subordinate establishment here, Charles I., during the civil war, enjoyed the diversion of bowling at Chippenham Park, the seat of Sir William Russel ; and George I. was entertained here by Admiral Russel, Oct. 4th, 1717« About the middle of the seven- teenth century the estate was possessed by Sir Francis Russel, Bart./whose daughter married the fourth son of the Protector Cromwell. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £11. 12. 6.; patron and impropriator, John Thorpe, Esq. : the vicarial tithes have been commuted for £325, and the glebe contains 18 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church was rebuilt by means of a grant of indul- gences, shortly after its destruction by fire, in the fif- teenth century. A school was founded in 1714, by the Earl of Orford, with an endowment of £20 per annum. CHIPPENHAM (St.Jn^ drew), a borough, market- town, and parish, and the head of a union, in the hun- dred of Chippenham, Chip- penham and Caine, and N. divisions of Wilts, 33 miles (N.W.byN.) from Salisbury, and 93 (W.) from London 5 comprising the tythings of Allington, Netherrnore, and Stanley with Studley, and the chapelry of Tytherton- Lucas j and containing 5438 inhabitants, of whom 1875 are in the borough. This place, which derives its name from the Saxon Cyppanham, a market-town,” was of considerable importance during the heptarchy, and is supposed to have been the residence of the West Saxon kings. Ethelwolf, on his return from an excursion against the Welsh, in 853, remained for some time at the place, where he celebrated the marriage of his daughter Ethelswitha with Burhred, King of Mercia, In the reign of Alfred, the Danes, who, after their defeat, had engaged by treaty to quit the kingdom, retreated to this town, of which they obtained possession by treachery •, and that monarch, after the dispersion of his army, was compelled to seek an asylum in the cot- tage of a neat-herd. On their subsequent defeat by Alfred, the Danes again took refuge here, where the treaty between that monarch and the Danish prince Guthrum was negotiated. The town is pleasantly situ- ated on the side of a hill, on the south bank of the river Avon, which here expands into a noble sheet of water, over which, terminating the western extremity of the principal street, is a handsome stone bridge of 22 arches, for the repair of which, and of a stone cause- way of nearly three miles in length, a considerable estate is vested in the corporation. It consists of one spacious street, half a mile in length, and well paved, containing many respectable houses, and of several smaller streets : it is lighted with gas, and well sup- VoL. I. — 585 plied with water from the river, by which it is bounded on three sides 5 and in 1834, an act for lighting, watch- ing, paving, and improving the town was obtained. A Literary and Scientific Institution, and an Harmonic Society consisting of mord than 200 members, have been lately formed. The woollen- manufacture, consist- ing chiefly of the finer broad cloths, and kerseymeres, formerly flourished to a considerable extent ; but at present there is only one factory. There are a few grist- mills and tanneries 3 also a silk-manufactory 5 and the town is benefited by the trade arising from its situation as a thoroughfare on the road to Bath and Bristol. The Wilts and Berks canal passes close to it, and the Great Western railway, on which is a station here, passes within a quarter of a mile of the market-place. The market is on Friday 5 fairs are held on May 17th, June 22nd, Oct. 29th, and Dec. 11th, for horses, cattle, and sheep 3 and there is also a monthly market for the sale of cattle and cheese, A new market-house has lately been built. Chippenham is a borough by prescription : the cor- poration, under the charter of Queen Mary, which, after its surrender to Charles II., was renewed in the reign of James II., consisted of a bailiff, and twelve burgesses, assisted by a town-clerk, sub-bailiff, and subordinate officers 3 but, by the act of the 5th and 6th of William IV., cap. 76, the government is now vested in a mayor, four aldermen, and twelve councillors, with a town- clerk and others : the county magistrates have jurisdiction in the town. It first sent members to parliament in the reign of Edward I., and made two returns in the reign of Edward II., and four in that of Edward III., from which period it discontinued till the 2nd of Richard II. 3 after the 12th of that reign it again ceased to make any return till the first of Henry VI., since which time it has regularly sent two members. The right of election was formerly in the resident burgage-holders, but, by the act of the 2nd of William IV., cap. 45, the franchise was extended to the £10 householders of an enlarged district, comprising 67 10 acres : the mayor is returning officer. The petty-sessions for the division are held here 3 and a court of requests, for the recovery jxf debts under 40«., is held on the Monday in every sixth week-v The town -hall, market-house, and shambles are very inconveniently situated, and it has long been in con- templation to remove them 3 but this desirable object has not vet been carried into effect. The living is a */ discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13. 19. 4. 3 net income, £284 5 patrons and appropria- tors. Dean and Canons of Christ-Church, Oxford. The church is a spacious ancient building, exhibiting por- tions in different styles of English architecture, of which the tower and spire are in the early style 5 it contains several interesting monuments. At Tytherton-Lucas is a chapel of ease 3 and there are places of worship for Baptists, Independents, Wesleyans, and Primitive Methodists 3 also schools, supported by subscription. Various bequests have been left, both for the benefit of the poor and for the repair of the causeway 5 and a savings’ bank was established in 1822. The union of Chippenham comprises 29 parishes or places, and con- tains a population of 23,297. At the distance of about two miles is the site of Stanley Abbey, founded in 1154, by the Empress Matilda and Henry II., who removed hither a society of Cistercian monks, established at 4 F CHIP CHIP swdl th^ree years previously 3 its revenue^ in the of Heury VIIIv was estimated at £2^2. 19- 4. : are kwd visible remains, but fragments are occa- lly found. The abbey of Laeock is within four 1 of the town 3 it eame into the possession of the )t family, who made it their family seat. Monkton, ameof an estateon the north bank of the river, seems licate the remote existence of some religious establish- , of whiclr no vestige or historical account remains., ancient forest of Chippenham and Pewsham has destroyed, although the latter place is still called Forest the road leading to it from the town is :d Wood-lane. , There are two chalybeate springs a parish, which were formerly in great repute 3 one emt is now occasionally used, but the other is en- closed up. HIPPERFIELD, a hamlet, in tho parish of Kings- ihEYj union of HEMEL-HnMPSTEAD, hundred of )RUM, county of Hertford 5 containing 569 in- ants. HIPPING (St, Bartholomew), a parish, in the i of Clitheroe, Lower division of the hundred of ;kburn,.N, division of the county of Lancaster 5 lining, with the township of Thornley with Wheat- 675 inhabitants,, of whom il68 are in the town- □f Chipping, 12 miles (N. E. by N.) from Preston. )arish comprises 8763a. Ir. 26p., of which about acres are arable, 5439 meadow and pasture, 90 s and plantations, and a great part of the rest lion and waste 3 the township of Chipping contains a. 2r, 24p. The soil is rather light, in some inclining to moor and peat, and the lands watered by two small rivulets, called Lend and ping brooks 3 limestone abounds, and is burnt in derable quantities for manure. The living is a arged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at 13. 4. 3 net income, £120 3 patron. Bishop of ter, as appropriator of the rectory, which is valued 54. 16^ 5|.. There is a place of worship for Roman Dlics, A free school was established, in I6I6, by rustees of John Brabin, Esq., with an endowment id producing £60 per annum 3 and there are three abuses, founded: by the same trust, for six poor an, HIPPING-CAMPDEN. See Campdbn, Chip- ,^j4nd all places having a similar distinguishing ' will be found under the proper name, 5HIPPINGHURST, a hamlet, in the parish of Cud- EN, union of HEADijisrGTON, hundred of Bueling- county of Oxford, 7i miles (N. by W.) from ington 3 containing IS inhabitants. JHIPSTABLE (All Saints), a parish, in the union Wellington, hundred of: Williton and Free- !^ERS, W. division of Somerset, 3 miles (W. by S.) Wiveliscombe 3 containing 389 inhabitants. It is fced on the road from Taunton to Barnstaple, igh Bampton, and comprises nearly 2200 acres : aeadows are irrigated by the waters flowing from m and Byballs Hills, causing the growth of a luxu- herbage 5 and the river Tone runs through the h, but it is here only a .small stream. Stone of the wacke kind is quarried for the repair of tbe roads;, living' is a rectory,, valued in the king’s^ books at 1. 8., and in the gift of James Tern pier. Esq. : the s have been commuted for £275, and the glebe 5B6. consists of 35 acres, to which there is a glebe -house. The church, with the exception of the tower, which is band- some, is in a very dilapidated state, through a^. There is a parochial school. The remains of a Roman en- campment may be seen. CHJPSTEAD (St, Mar-garet), a parish, in the union and Second division of the hundred of Reigate, E. division of Surrey, 2f miles (N. by E.) from Gat- ton 3 containing 666 inhabitants;. The London and Brighton railway passes a little to the east of the church. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £17. 13. II5. 3 net income, £267 5 patron, Col. Hylton Jolliffe. The church has been thoroughly repaired and enlarged ; on the north side is a fine Norman archv Here is a school, endowed hy Mary Stephens, in 1746, with land producing £70 per annum. CHIRBURY (St, Michael), a parish, in the bun- dred of Chirbury, S. division of Salop, 3^ miles (E. N. E.) from Montgomery 3 containing 1593. inhabit-v ants, of whom 278 are in the township of Chirbury. This is a place of considerable antiquity, and was dis- tinguished during the heptarchy for its stately castle, erected on the bank of the river Severn, by Ethelfreda, Countess of Mercia, to check the incursions of the Welsh. A priory of Black canons, originally founded at Snede, by Robert de Boulers, in the beginning of the reign of Henry HI., was, in the eleventh of that king’s reign, removed to this spot, where it continued to flourish till the Dissolution, when its revenue was re- turned at £87. 7. 4., and the site was given to Edward Hopton. The parish, which is situated on the road from Montgomery to. Welshpool, comprises by mea- surement 10,648 acres 3 the largest stream is the Camblad. On the borders are some lead-mines 3 stone of a greyish green colour, and of very hard quality, is quarried for building and ornamental uses 5 and white spar is found at Wotherton, of which great quantities are shipped to America. The living is a. vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9. 6. 8. 3 net income,- £179^ patrons., the Bishop of Lichfleld, (as ejc officio visiter of Shrewsbury grammar school,) Viscount Clive, J. A. Lloyd, Esq., Sir A. V. Corbet, Bart,, and R. A. Slaney, Esq., as trustees. The impropriation is vested in the governors of Shrewsbury school, and. furnishes its chief endowment 3 the tithes have been commuted for £1000. The church, the nave of the ancient priory, is in the early English style, with a square tower, sur- mounted by open battlements, and erowned with eight pinnacles. A chapel has recently been built, containing 280 sittings, of which 249 are free, the Incorporated Society having granted £150 in aid of the expense. There are places of worship for Independents and Wes- leyans. An endowment in land, which is let for £95^ was given in 1676, by Edward Lewis> for the mainten- ance of a schoolmaster, who has £20 per ammra, the resi- due, after repairs, &e., being given to poor' widows. The place confers the title of Baron on the Earls of Powis. CHIRDON, a township, in the parish of Grey- stead, union of Bellingham, N. W. division of Tin- dale ward, S. division of Northumberland, 6 miles (W. by Si) from Bellingham 3 containing 60^ inhabitants. The township comprises an area of 5361 acres, and ex- tends along the east side of the Chirdon bnrn, which has its^ source on the borders of Cumberland, and falls into thp North Tyne about a mile to the east of Greys tead. C HI S iC.H.rs CHIRTON, a towns^liip, in the parish, borough, and union of Tynemouth, E. division of Castle ward, S. division of Northumberland, 1 .mile (W. S. W.) from Nort^ Shields.; containing 4360 inhabitants. This place comprises if acres, and abounds in coal ; and the village, which forms the western suburb of North Shields, has greatly increased in extent and population, owing, chiefly, to the extension of the coal- works, from which tram-roads have been formed to the river Tyne. The Percy-main colliery here consists of three pits, of which one is the Percy Old Pit, opened in 1801, when the shaft was sunk 12 fathoms to the high-main seam, and pro- duced coal of the first quality ; the same shaft was again sunk, in 1830, to the seam below, 40 fathoms deeper than the former, and a secondary coal was obtained. The second, or Howdon Pit, was opened in 1806, and the shaft sunk to the depth of 135 fathoms, the coal produced being also of the best description ; and the third, or Flat worth Pit, was opened in 18 18, its greatest depth being 156 fathoms ; the coal is sold in the London market under the respective names of the “ Bewicke and Craster,” and the '^Percy Benshara” coal: in the col- liery are three large pumping-engines, one of which is of ^250 horse power, and draws 75 gallons of water at a stroke. In the to,wnship are also iron-foundries on a large scale, for the manufacture of steam-engines, and various kinds of machinery. Water ville House, situated here, the seat of George Rippon, Esq., was erected upon the site of the old Roman station of Blake Chesters, and contains a rich and extensive collection of ancient carvings, coins, glass, and other antiquities. Chirton House, now the property of E. J. Collingwood, Esq., and residence of the Rev. Christopher Reed, Vicar of Tyne- mouth, was once the seat of Admiral Lord Collingwood, the celebrated naval cofmmander and distinguished nego- tiator, who was born in 1748 at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and after a long service in the cause of his country, dis- -plawng the utmost energy and talent, died in 1810, whA his remains were brought to England and honoured with a public funeral in St. Paul’s Cathedral. Chirton Hall, the former seat of the dukes of Argyle, is now in ruins. There is a burying- ground belonging to the Jews. CHISELHURST {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Bromley, hundred of Ruxley, lathe of Sut- ton-at-Hone, W. division of Kent, II miles (8. E.) from London ; containing 1792 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £16. 3. 6^. ; net income, £487 > patron. Bishop of Rochester. The church is built of flint, with a shingled spire. There is a place of or ship for Wesleyans. A school is endowed with £15 per annum, and there are two schools for girls, supported by bequests and donations. In 1680, Thomas Philpott made a bequest for building six alms- houses at Eltham, two of them to be inhabited by poor persons of this parish. Sir Nicholas Bacon was a native of Chiselhurst : here also was born, in 1500, Sir Francis Walsingham, secretary of state to Queen Elizabeth ; and at this place, in 1623, died Camden, the celebrated anti- quary, from whom Camden Place, in the parish (whence Lord Chancellor Pratt took the title of Baron, and which now confers the title of Marquess on his descendants), derives its name. Viscount Sydney enjoys the title of Baron Sydney of Chiselhurst, conferred in the year 1783. 587 CHISENBURY,. a tything, in the parish of Enford, union of Pewsey, hundred of Elstub and Ewerley, Everley and Pewsey, and S. divisions of Wilts; con- taining 149 inhabitants. CHISENBURY-de-la-Folly, a tything, in the parish of Nether Avon, union of Pewsey, hundred of Elstub and Everley, Everley and Pew'sey, and S. divisions of Wilts, 9 miles (W. by N.) from Ludger- shall ; containing 42 inhabitants. It forms part of the endowment of the prebend of Chute and Chisenbury, in the Cathedral of Salisbury. CHISHALL, GREAT (St. S within), a parish, in the union of Royston, hundred of Uttlesford, N. division of Essex, 5 miles (E.) from Royston ; contain- ing 466 inhabitants. It comprises 2480a. Ir. S8p., and forms part of a district which also includes the parish of Little Chishall, separated by a water-course, called Cumberton, from the county of Hertford. The village is situated on a hill of considerable elevation, command- ing a fine view of the surrounding district, which is highly cultivated, and enriched with woodland scenery. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10; net income, £173; patron and impro- priator, J. Wilkes, Esq. : the tithes of Great and Little Chishall were commuted for land and corn-rents, in 1811. The church is an ancient edifice, with a tower surmounted by a small spire. CHISHALL, LITTLE (8t. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Royston, hundred of Uttlesford, N. division of Essex, 5^ miles (E. by 8.) from Royston ; containing 96 inhabitants. It consists chiefly of low lands, and comprises 11 67a. Ir. S7p-, of which about 1058 acres are arable, 24 pasture, and 85 woodland ; the soil consists of clay and chalk in some parts, and in others, especially the flat portions, it is a dry light gravel. The living is a rectory, annexed to that of Haydon, and valued in the king’s books at £14. 10. The church is a small but lofty edifice of great antiquity, with a porch of freestone, and a tower partly of stone and partly of wood. John de Chishal, or Chishull, Bishop of London, who died in 1279, took his name from the place, CHISLEBOROUGH {St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in the union of Yeovil, hundred of Hounds- borough, Barwick, and Coker, W. division of Somer- set, 4 miles (N, N. E.) from Crewkerne ; containing 540 inhabitants. It is intersected by the river Parret, and comprises about 730 acres, of which the surface is hilly and the soil sandy. A fair for horses, cattle, and toys, is held on the last Tuesday in October. The living is a rectory, with that of West Chinnock annexed, valued in the king’s books at £14. 5. 7^0 and in the patronage of the Earl of Ilchester : the tithes have been commuted for £246. I7., and the glebe comprises 36 acres. CHISLEDON {Holy Cross), a parish, in the union of Highworth and Swindon, hundred of Kingsbridge, Swindon and N. divisions of Wilts, 3^ miles (8. E.) from Swindon ; containing, with the ty things of Bad- bury and Hodson, 117d inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 8. 9. 5 net income, £173 ; patron and impropriator, T. Calley, Esq. Two schools are supported by sub- scription. CHISLEHAMPTON {St. Katherine), a parish, in the union of Abingdon, hundred of Dorchester, 4 F 2 CHIT C HI V :y of Oxford, 6 miles (N. by W.) from Bensing- the parish and neighbourhood, and, uniting, form a con- containing 153 inhabitants. This parish, which siderable stream. The living is a discharged vicarage, jated on the Thame, comprises 901a. 39p. ^ the to which is united the vicarage of Chittern St. Mary, ce is varied, rising into hills in some parts, and valued in the king’s books at £7. 0. 10. j net income, : in others level; the soil is clayey but fertile. £319; patrons, alternately, the Bishop and Dean and ehampton Lodge is a handsome residence, in the Chapter of Salisbury ; impropriator of All Saints’, the ids around which is one of the largest and finest family of Serle, and of St. Mary’s, the Dean and Chap- rees in the county. The living is a perpetual ter. The tithes of both parishes were commuted for :y; net income, £58; patron and impropriator, land and corn-rents, in 1815, and the great tithes of Ail les Peers, Esq. The livings of Chislehampton and Saints’ have been, under the recent act, commuted for Hampton have just been united. There is a school £113. The church is an ancient structure. A national an endowment of £5 per annum, by the late Mrs. school is supported by subscription ; and the interest of 3. £50 is distributed among the poor. Westward from 'HISLET (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of the place is a small Roman camp, named Knooke Castle, IN, hundred of Bleangate, lathe of St. Augus- and near it an irregular ditch running in various direc- , E. division of Kent, 7 miles (N. E.) from Can- tions, as if intended to form some ancient boundary iry ; containing 1097 inhabitants. The living is a line ; and there are some remains of a convent. Com- age, valued in the king’s books at £29. 19. 9|. ; modore Michel, who circumnavigated the globe with ncome, £231 ; patron and appropriator. Archbishop Captain Cook, was born and buried here, lanterbury. The church is in the early English CHITTERN (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of : the parsonage-house was rebuilt by the present Warminster, hundred of Heytesbury, Warminster rnbent, in 1834. In 1811, the archbishop demised and S. divisions of Wilts, 3f miles (E. by N.) from lin land, which lets for £40 per annum, for the Heytesbury; containing 180 inhabitants. It comprises ation of children; the income is applied to ana- by measurement 1075 acres, and is in every respect l 1 school. similar to the parish of Chittern All. Saints; they both CHISWICK (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union form one village of a single street, each side of which is Irentford, Kensington division of the hundred of respectively in its own parish. The living is a dis- jlstone, county of Middlesex, 4| miles (W. by S.) charged vicarage, united to that of All Saints, and valued i London ; containing 581 1 inhabitants. This place in the king’s books at £6: the appropriate tithes, be- easantly situated on the margin of the Thames, to longing to the Dean and Chapter of Sarum, have been left of the great western road from London, and commuted for £125 ; the vicarial glebe consists of 164 .ains many elegant seats belonging to the nobility acres. There is a place of worship for dissenters, gentry, the principal of which, Devonshire House, CHITTLEHAMPTON (St. Urith), a parish, in the lorned on each side with fine rows of cedars ; in this union and hundred of South Molton, South Molton ision died the Rt. Hon. Charles James Fox, in 1806, and N. divisions of Devon, 5^ miles (W.), from South the Rt. Hon. George Canning, in 1827. Here are Molton; containing 1893 inhabitants. This parish, extensive gardens belonging to the Horticultural which is situated on the river Taw, and intersected by iety of London, incorporated by charter in 1808, for the new Exeter road, is enlivened with some beaufiful improvement of horticulture in all its branches, scenery on the banks of the river, especially at ilead living is a vicarage, in the patronage of the Dean Wood ; and the grounds of Hudscott, one of the seats Chapter of St. Paul’s, London, (the appropriators,) of the Rolle family, add materially to the interest of the :ed in the king’s books at £9. IS. 4. ; net income, view. Culm is obtained within its limits, and limestone 1. In the churchyard are some ancient tombs, and is found, imbedded in thick slate or flag-stone. A fair onument to the memory of Hogarth, the painter. In is held on the third Thursday in March, The living is a 9, Lady Capel left an endowment of £39 per annum, vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £34. 18. 11|. ; teaching boys and girls; two national schools are net income, £413 ; patron and impropriator. Lord Rolle. ntained by legacies and subscription ; and a Lancas- The church is in the later English style, and has a an school is partly supported by contributions. handsome embattled tower ; the pulpit is richly orna- CHISWORTH, a township, in the parish and union mented with figures of saints and with foliage, finely Glossop, hundred of High Peak, N. division of carved, and the window above the altar is embellished county of Derby, 9 miles (N. N. W.) from Chapel- with painted glass ; there are some beautiful monuments e-Frith ; containing 532 inhabitants. to the Giffards and the Rolle family. A chapel of ease, CHITHURST, a parish, in the union of Midhurst, dedicated to St. John, was built in 1838, by subscription, idred of Dumpford, rape of Chichester, W. divi- aided by a grant of £200 from the Incorporated Society, i of Sussex, 3f miles (W. N. W.) from Midhurst ; and has been endowed by Lord Rolle, who has also taining 232 inhabitants. It is intersected by the built a residence for the minister. There are two schools ir Rother. The living is a rectory, annexed to that supported by subscription. At Brightley are some re- ping ; the church is in the early English style. mains of an ancient mansion and a chapel. CHITTERN (All Saints), a parish, in the union CHITTOE, a tything, in the parish of Bishop’s- ^Varminster, hundred of Heytesbury, Warminster Cannings, union of Devizes, hundred of Potterne I S. divisions of Wilts, 4 miles (E. N. E.) from Hey- and Cannings, Devizes and N. divisions of Wilts, t)ury ; containing 403 inhabitants. It is situated on 5 miles (N. W.) from Devizes ; containing 207 inhabit- road from Amesbury to Bristol, and comprises by ants. asurement 4288 acres ; the lands are watered by CHIVELSTONE (St. Sylvester), a parish, in the eral springs, which, during part of the year, rise in union of Kingsbridge, hundred of Coleridge, Stan- 588 C H O B C H O L borough and Coleridge, and S. divisions of Devon, 6 miles (S. E. by S.) from Kingsbridge^ containing 591 inhabitants. The living is annexed to the vicarage of Stokenham. At Ford is a meeting-house for dis- senters. CHIVESFIELD, county of Hertford. — See Graveley. CHIVINGTON, EAST, a township, in the parish of Warkworth, union of Morpeth, E. division of Mor- peth ward, N. division of Northumberland, 10^ miles (N. N. E.) from Morpeth j containing 289 inhabit- ants. This place is situated on the eastern coast, and, with West Chivington, is the property of Earl Grey. Part of the land, adjoining Druridge bay, was formerly overflowed by the tide, owing to its lying low, and from that circumstance is called the Salt meadow. As a commutation for the tithes, rent-charges amounting to £401. 18. 4., have been awarded, of which £344 are payable to the Bishop of Carlisle, and £57. 15. to the Vicar of Warkworth. CHIVINGTON, WEST, a township, in the parish of Warkworth, union of Morpeth, E. division of Mor- peth ward, N. division of Northumberland, 8 miles (N. by E.) from Morpeth •, containing 67 inhabitants. It was formerly, like East Chivington, of more import- ance than it is at present, as appears from the founda- tions of houses still to be seen. The township comprises 1816 acres, of a stiff soil, black top land with a clay band, mostly arable 3 150 acres are meadow, and 500 wood 5 the surface is generally level, the air salubrious, and there are fine sea views : the North Sea is to the east. About 1000 acres here are occupied by Mr. Samuel Goodman, who has much improved the estate, and who has a commodious and handsome house. The tithes have been commuted for £166. 9. 8., of which £150. 7. 8. are payable to the Bishop of Carlisle, and £16. 2. to the vicar of the parish. There was formerly a chapel, which has long been in ruins ; the burial-ground still remains. CHOBHAM {St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union of Chertsey, First division of the hundred of Godley, W. division of Surrey, 4^ miles (E. S. E.) from Bagshot^ containing 1989 inhabitants. The parish comprises about 13,000 acres, of which 4500 are arable, pasture, and meadow, 40 wood and plantation, and the rest waste and common, forming part of Bagshot Heath 3 the surface is hilly, and the soil generally sand, super- incumbent on beds of gravel. The village, which is situated in a valley, is a polling-place for the western division of the county. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10. 2. I.3 net income, £1483 patron, John Thornton, Esq. 3 impropriators. Sir W. Abdy, Bart., and others. The glebe contains about 70 acres. The church, which is in the early style of English architecture, with modern windows, contains several neat monuments. A small chapel of ease has been erected at West-End, in the parish 3 and there is a place of wor- ship for Baptists. A school is supported by subscrip- tion, to which Thomas Bainbridge, Esq., bequeathed, in 1834, £360 in the three per cent, consols. There are a Benevolent Society and a Lying-in fund 3 and the parish derives from £40 to £50 per annum from Henry Smith’s charity. At Chobham Park are the remains of a large mansion, in which Archbishop Heath died. Near Westby Green is a chalybeate spring. 589 CHOCKNELL, a hamlet, in the parish of Leigh, union of Martley, Lower division of the hundred of Pershore, Worcester and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, 5f miles (W. S. W.) from Worcester. This was formerly a distinct parish, but the living, which was a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £16. 1. 5^., is now consolidated with the rectory of Leigh, and the church has been demolished. CHOLDERTON, EAST, a chapelry, in the parish of Amport, union and hundred of Andover, Andover and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 5 miles (W.) from Andover 3 containing 328 inhabitants. CHOLDERTON, WEST {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union and hundred of Amesbury, Salisbury and Amesbury, and S. divisions of Wilts, 5 miles (E. byN.) from Amesbury 3 containing I70 inhabitants. It com- prises by measurement 1662 acres, of which 1410 are arable, 147 meadow and pasture, and 35 woodland : the new road from Salisbury to Marlborough passes through the village. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 0. and in the patronage of Oriel College, Oxford : the tithes have been commuted for £267, and the glebe contains 9 acres, with a glebe-house, recently built. A new church has been erected near the site of the old one, a small, mean edifice. Anthony Cratcherode, Esq., in 1753, bequeathed £12 per annum for charitable purposes. CHOLLERTON, {St. Giles), a parish, in the union of Hexham, N. E. division of Tin dale ward, S. division of Northumberland 3 containing, with the townships of Barrasford, Chollerton, Colwell with Swinburn, and Gunnerton with Chipchase, 1129 inha- bitants, of whom 155 are in the township of Chollerton, 6 miles (N.) from Hexham. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 14. 4^. 3 net income, £361 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. C. Bird 3 impropria- tors, Mercers’ Company and others. The church con- tains an east window of stained glass, presented by Joseph Price, Esq., of Gateshead. The chapelry of Birtley, which was separated from the church about seventy years ago, is situated in the parish 3 and there is a small private chapel in the park of Chipchase Castle, built about eighty years since, in which the vicar performs divine service four times in the year. A national school is supported by subscription. About a mile from the village of Chollerton was the line of the walls and fosse erected by the Romans and South Britons, at various times, to protect themselves from the incursions of the Piets 3 and within the parish are the remains of two ancient and extensive castles, called Chipchase and Swin- burn, which have partly been converted into elegant Qf*Y*n pf*!! 1*1^0 CHOLMONDELEY, a township, in the parish of Malpas, union of Nantwich, Higher division of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, 7^ miles (W.) from Nantwich 3 containing 260 inhabitants, Cholmondeley House was garrisoned in 1643, by 400 royalists, who, in the month of April, were attacked and defeated by the parliamentary troops from Nantwich, having lost 50 men and 600 horses ; it afterwards fell into the hands of the parliamentarians, and was recaptured by the royalists, who were driven from it again on the 30th of June, 1644. The present splendid seat of the Marquess of Cholmondeley, about half a mile from the former, was begun in 1801, and C HO P CHOP Depleted in 1804 j a domestic chapel, to which the mants may resort, is attached to it. The tithes of the jwnship, together with those of Bickeley, Bulkeley, and larkton, have been commuted for £374. 8., of which 34^ are payable to the impropriators, and £32. 8. to le rector of Malpas. CHOLMONDSTONE, a township, in the parish of CTON, union and hundred of Nantwich, S. division of le county of Chester, 4| miles (N. by W.) from Nant- ich 5 containing 206 inhabitants. GHOLSArLL, a hamlet, in the parish of St. Helen’s, nion of Abingdon, hundred of Hormer, county of ►ERKS ; containing 16 inhabitants. CHOLSEY (St. Mary), a parish, in the union and arliamentary borough of Wallingford, hundred of tEADiNG, though locally in the hundred of Moreton, ounty of Berks, 3 miles (S. W.) from Wallingford j ontaining 1191 inhabitants. This place was distin- uished for its monastery, founded in 986, by Ethelred, s an atonement for the murder of his brother, Edward le Martyr, and which, together with the village, was estroyed by the Danes in 1006. The manor belonged ) the abbots of Reading, who had a splendid seat here, hich in 1555 w^as granted to Sir Francis Englefield, nd afterwards conveyed by the crown to William mollys. Viscount Wallingford, subsequently created lari of Banbury : the great barn, which measured 301 jet in length, 54 feet in breadth, and 51 in height, was I'ken down some years since, and four smaller ones ^ere erected in its place. The parish comprises 4118ft. r, 8p., and is intersected by the line of the Great V^estern railway. The living is a vicarage, with that f Moulsford united, valued in the king’s books at 48. 9. 9^., and in the patronage of the Crown j net icome, £375 •, impropriators, the family of Minshull. 'he church contains some portions of Norman arch itec- ure. A national school has been built. CHOLSTREY, a township, in the parish and union f Leominster, hundred of Wolphy, county of Here- ORD 5 containing 16G inhabitants. CHOPPINGTON, a township, in the parish of Bed- ington, union of MaRPETH, E. division of Chester Rrd, N. division of the county of Durham, though )cally on the east side, and for election purposes con- ected with the N. division of Northumberland, 4 miles E. by S.) from Morpeth 3 containing I67 inhabitants, 'he township consists of East and West Choppington, oth situated on the way side between Morpeth and he Stakeford, and also of the hamlet of Sheepwash, diere is a bridge of four arches over the Wansbeck, rom which the prospect is very beautiful : the whole state comprises about 625 acres, tithe-free. The chapel f Morpeth held some land here in 1305 3 and among he families that possessed property after that date, occur hose nf Heeham, Bertram, Lawson, and Ogle. Some md now belongs to Bothal rectory, which, perhaps, /^as originally part of the glebe of Sheepwash rectory 3 ut the river having, since that period, changed its ourse a little, has left this portion in Bedlington parish, ’hich formerly belonged to Sheepwash. CHOPWELL, a township, in the parish of Ryton, inion of Gateshead, W. division of Chester ward, N. li vision of the county of Durham, ll| miles (W. S. W.) pom Gateshead 3 containing 320 inhabitants. It was iven by Bishop Hugh to the abbey of Newminster, and 590 at the Dissolution was held under that establishment by the Swinburns, who are supposed to have received from the crown a grant of the fee simple 3 it afterwards be- longed to the families of Constable, Clavering, and Cowper, and now is the property of various owners. The township contains some coal 3 and at Black-hall, on the river Derwent, is a manufactory for German steel, which is stated to have been first carried on here by some emigrants from Germany. Lady Liddell sup- ports a school. CHORLEY, a township, in the parish of Wilm- sLOw, union and hundred of Macclesfield, N. divi- sion of the county of Chester, 5|- miles (N. W. by W.) from Macclesfield 3 containing 561 inhabitants. The tithes have been commuted for £ 169 . 10 . ^ CHORLEY, a township, in the parish of W re n bury, union and hundred of Nantwich, S. division of the county of Chester, miles (W. by S.) from Nantwich'3 containing 183 inhabitants. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £81, and the vicarial for £28.17.11., payable to the vicar of Acton. A small school is sup- ported by the Marquess of Cholmondeley. CHORLEY (*St. Lawrence), a market-town, and parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Ley- land, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 32 miles (S. by E.) from Lancaster, and 208 (N. W. by N.) from London, on the road to Scotland 3 containing 13,139 inhabitants. The name of this place is derived from its situation on the river Chor, about a mile from its con- fluence with the Yarrow, and from the Saxon word Let/, a held, or from the family of Ley, who were its ancient proprietors. The town is pleasantly situated on the summit of a considerable elevation, and, though in Le- land’s time described as ^^a wonderful poore or rather no market,” has, from the excellent quarries in the neighbourhood, and from the enterprising spirit of its inhabitants, rapidly risen into importance, and increased in population and exTent. It is well lighted with gas, by a company established in 1819, and amply supplied with water, under the direction of a company formed in 1823. The environs, in which are many elegant mansions, abound with diversified scenery, and the hills are rich in coal, slate, ashlar, and millstone. Mines of lead-ore and alum- shale exist in the neighbourhood : the lead- mine is worked at Anglezark, and contains an abun- dance of carbonate of barytes. The principal branch of manufacture is that of cotton, which is carried on to a considerable extent 3 the chief articles are muslins and calicoes. There are also large printing and bleaching establishments on the banks of the streams in the vici- nity 3 many of the factories are worked by water, and several by steam-engines. The Lancaster and the Leeds and Liverpool canals, which unite to the south-west of Whittle-le- Woods, pass within half a mile of the town 3 and facilities of communication are likewise afforded by the Bolton and Preston railway, between this place and the Euxton Junction, comprising some very heavy works, and which was opened 22nd June, 1843. The market is on Tuesday 3 and there are fairs on March 26th, May 5th, and Aug.. 20th, principally for cattle 3 and on Sept. 4th, 5th, and 6th, for woollen-cloth, hardware, and ped- lery. The county magistrates hold a petty-session for the division, once in five weeks 3 and the lord of the manor holds a court leet once a year. An act for the recovery of small debts within the town, w’as passed in C H O R C B,Q W 1841. The town-hall, a neat stone building, under whkh the market is held, was erected in 1802, at the expense of the late John HoMingshead, Esq. : adjoining it is a small prison for the eonfinement of offenders prior to their committal to the county gaol. Chorley was originally a chapelry in the parish of Croston, from whick it was separated in 1793, when that extensive district was divided into three distinct parishes. The living is a rectory not in charge j net income, £10223 patron and incumbent. Rev. John Whal- ley Master, B.D. The church is an ancient building, retaining several features of Norman character, of which the south entrance is a tine specimen 3 it formerly con- tained a relic, said to be the head of its tutelar, saint, which was brought from Normandy by Sir Rowland Stanley, Knt., and presented to the parish by his brother. St. George’s church, completed in 1825, at an expense of £11,845, defrayed by the Parliamentary Commis- sioners, is a handsome and spacious structure, in the later English style, with a square embattled tower, and contains 2012 sittings, of which 1590 are free: the living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Rector. There are places of worship for Independents, Wesleyans, Unitarians, and Roman Catholics. The grammar school was originally established by the church- wardens, who, in 1634, built a schoolroom 3 it has an endowment of £11 per annum, arising from subse- quent benefactions, and a new schoolroom was erected in 1824. A national school, commenced in 1832, a school for Roman Catholics, and another for dissenters, are supported by subscription 3 and an almshouse was erected and endowed, in 1682, by Hugh Cooper, Esq., for six aged persons. The poor law union of Chorley comprises 26 parishes and townships, and contains a population of 38,836. CHORLTON, a township, in the parish of Malpas> union of Wrexham, Higher division of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, 2 ^ miles (W. by N.) from Malpas 3 containing 150 inhabit- ants. The tithes have been commuted for £60. Roman coins of the reigns of Valerian and Posthumus were dug up in March, 1818, in a field here. CHORLTON, a township, in the parish of Wybtjn- BURY, union and hundred of Nantwich, S. division of the county of Chester, 5f miles (E. by S.) from Nant- wich 3 containing 141 Inhabitants. CHORLTON, a township, in the parish of Bagk- ford, union of Great Boughton, Higher division of the hundred of Wirrall, S. division of the county of Chester, 4 ^ miles (N.) from Chester 3 containing 85 inhabitants. CHORLTON, a chapelry, in the parish of Man- chester, union of Chorlton, hundred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 3^ miles (S. S: W.) from Manchester 5 containing, with Hardy, 632 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net in- come, £103 3 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Canons of the Collegiate Church of Manchester. In 1741, Margaret Usherwood bequeathed £160 for teach- ing children. CHORLTON, a chapelry, in the parish of Eccles- htall, union of Newcastle-under-Lyme, N. division of the hundred of Pi rehill and of the county of Stafford, 6 miles (S. S. W.) from Newcastle 3 contain- ing 243 inhabitants. It comprises 1921a. Ir. 36p., and 591 is crossed by the Grand Junction railway. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £71 5 patron^ Bishop, of Lichfield. A rent- charge of £244. 1. 4. has been? awarded to the prebendary of High Oilow as a com- mutation for the tithes of this chapelry and the townr ship of Chorlton-Hill. The ehapel is dedicated to St. Lawrence. CHORLTON-HILL, a township, in the parish of Eccleshall, union of Newcastle-under-Lyme, N.. division of the hundred of Pirehill and of the county of StaffopRD 3 containing 122 inhabitants. There is a. place of worship for dissenters. CHORLTON-ROW, a chapelry, and the head of a union, in the parish of Manchester, hundred of Sal^ FORD, S. division of the county of Lancaster 3 contain- ing 28,336 inhabitants. This place is adjacent to Man- chester, and consists of several good streets, well lighted with gas, paved, and amply supplied with water 3 and is inhabited by many of the merchants and manufacturers of that town, in the trade of which it greatly participates, there being several large spinning^mills in the chapelry. It is within the jurisdiction of the Manchester court of requests for the recovery of debts under £5. In 1837 an act was passed for establishing a company for laying out an ornamental park in the neighbourhood. The chapel, dedicated to All Saints, was built by the late Rev. Edward Smith, and opened in 1804 3 it is a small neat structure of brick, with a turret. The living is r perpetual curacy 3 net income, £107 3 patron and im>^ propriator, Rev. C. Burton. There are places of worship for Independents and Wesleyans 3 aird an infants’ school was established in 1825. The poor daw union comprises 13 townships, and contains a population of 93?736. — See Manchester. CHOULESBURY (St. Lawrence), a parish^ in the union of Aylesbury, hundred of Cottesloe, county of Buckingham, 4 miles (N. W. by N.) from Chesham 3 containing 124 inhabitants. It comprises 176a. Ir. 31jo., of which about 92 acres are arable, and 46 uninclosed common. The living is a perpetual curacy, endowed with the rectorial tithes, and in the patronage of Trus^ tees : the tithes have been commuted for £30. 5. 6.,^ and the glebe comprises eight acres, to which a glebe- house is attached. Here is one of the finest Danish encampments in the kingdom : it incloses the church and a portion of the glebe land, and is exactly one mile in circumference 3 the trench in some places is 30 feet deep, but in others much- filled up with rubbish 5 the mounds are known by the name of Bury Banks.” It formed one of the chab^f Danish encampments running along the Chiltern hills from north to south. CHOWBENT, a village, in the chapelry of ATHERr TON, parish and union of Leigh, hundred of West Derby, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 2 ^ miles (N. E.) from Leigh. The village is large, and the manufacture of nails is carried on to some extent- : several carding-engines, spinning-frames, &c., were once made. Fairs for toys and pedlery are held on June 29th and Aug. 24th 3 but a market, formerly held by custom, has fallen into disuse. A chapel, which be- longed to a congregation of dissenters, was consecrated by Dr. Wilson, the pious and benevolent bishop of Sodor and Man : the living is a donative, in the gift of Lord Lilford. There is a place of worship for Unita- rians, C H R I C H R I CHOWLEY, a township, in the parish of Codding- TON, union of Great Boughton, Higher division of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, miles (S. E. by S.) from Chester ^ con- taining 77 inhabitants. * CHRISHA.LL (ffoLy JjiiiviTy), a parish, in the union of Saffron-Walden, hundred of Uttlesford, N. divi- sion of Essex, 7 miles (E.) from Royston ; containing 521 inhabitants. It copnprises 2767«. lOp., of which the surface is diversified, and the higher lands are plea- santly situated. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13 j net income, £200 •, patron. Bishop of London ; appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Westminster. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1807. The church is a handsome structure, with a square embattled tower surmounted by a spire. CHRIST-CHURCH, county of Middlesex.— See Spitalfields. CHRISTCHURCH {Holy Trinity) parish, in the union of Newport, division of Christchurch, hun- dred of Caldicot, county of Monmouth, miles (E. N. E.) from Newport 3 containing, with the hamlet of Caerton ultra Pontem, 1310 inhabitants. This parish, in the year 1291 , belonged to the neighbouring priory of Goldclift, which was annexed to the abbey of Tewkes- bury in 1442, and in 1451, with its possessions, granted to Eton College. : The parish is partly bounded by the river Usk, which separates it from Caerleon, the Isca Silurum of the Romans, and comprises about 5000 acres 3 the surface is marked throughout by hills and undula- tions beautifully wooded, and the soil consists of several varieties of sand and clay 3 limestone is extensively quarried for manure and other purposes. The petty- sessions for the division are held here. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13. 4. 2 ., and in the patronage of Eton College : the impropriate tithes have been commuted for £150, and the vicarial for £265 3 the glebe contains 90 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is a large and elegant edifice, occupying an elevated situation. There is a school, supported partly by subscription and partly by small weekly payments from the children. At a farm called Bullmore, was a Roman burial-ground 3 and many urns containing ashes, and coins have been found. CHRISTCHURCH {Holy Trinity), a borough, sea-port, market-town, and parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Christchurch, Ringwood and S. divisions of the county of Southampton, 2 1 | miles (S. W. by W.) from South- ampton, and 100 (S, W, by W.) from London 3 contain- ing 5994 inhabitants,,, and comprising the tythings of Bure, Burton, Street, Winkton, Hum, Iford, Parley, and Tuckton, and the chapelry of Hinton-Admiral, This place is of great antiquity, and, from some relics discovered in the church, is supposed to have been of Roman origin 3 by the Saxons it was called Twyneliam-. Bourne and Tweon-ea, from its situation between two 592 Seal and Aryns, rivers. The earliest historical notice of it occurs in the Saxon Chronicles, which record its occupation by Ethel- wold, during his revolt against his kinsman, Edward the Elder. In Domesday book it is mentioned, under the appellation of Thuinam, as a burgh and royal manor, containing 31 messuages. Its present name is derived from its church and priory, founded before the Conquest for a dean and twenty-four Secular canons, and dedicated to the Holy Trinity, which was rebuilt in the reign of William Rufus, and dedicated to our Saviour Christ, by Ralph Flambard, Bishop of Durham, and formerly dean of the priory : it was largely endowed by Richard de Red vers, Earl of Devon, to whom Henry I. gave the manor. Earl Baldwin, son and successor to Earl Richard, placed canons regular of the order of St. Augustine in the priory, which flourished till the Disso- lution, when its revenue was £644, 6 . : it was granted by Henry VIII. to the inhabitants for their parochial church. Some portions of the. walls that inclosed the conventual buildings still remain 3 the ancient lodge is. occupied as a dwelling-house, and the site of the refectory may be traced by the remnants of its wall. The town was fortified by Richard de Redvers, who either erected or rebuilt the castle, of which there are some remains to the north of the priory ; these consist chiefly of the ruins of the keep, on the summit of an artificial mount (the walls of which are more than ten feet in thickness), and part of the range that comprised the state apart- ments 3 the Norman style prevails, and the arches of some remaining windows are divided by pillars of that character. Christchurch is situated on the borders of the New Forest, and between the rivers Avon and Stour, which, uniting their streams at a short distance below, expand into a broad sheet of water and fall into Christchurch bay, in connexion with which they form a harbour. The current of the Avon, to the east of the town, is inter- cepted and divided into two parts by an island, from each side of which a bridge to the opposite bank of the river forms the continuation of the road to Lymington. The harbour is accessible only at high tides to small vessels drawing not more than from five to six feet of water, the entrance being obstructed by a bar, or ledge of sand, extending from Henigsbury Head, on the Hampshire side, (where Hengist, King of the Saxons, J^ded,) to St. Catherine’s CiifFe, in the Isle of Wight. essels of thirty or forty tons’ burthen come up to the quay, which is about two miles from the mouth of the harbour. In this harbour, as in the neighbouring port of Poole, there is high water twice at every tide, a pecu- liarity arising from the situation of the coast with respect to the Isle of Wight, and from the projection of the point of land on which Hurst Castle is situated. The river Avon was made navigable to Salisbury in I 68 O, but the accumulation of sand has rendered the naviga- tion useless. Many of the labouring class have for year's past been employed in drawing their nets for salmon at the mouth of the haven, which is now rapidly declining : the rivers are royalties, the property of the Rt. Hon. Sir G. H. Rose. The town is partly lighted and watched, and amply supplied with water 3 it is much frequented during the summer months as a place of pleasant resort, and the lofty cliffs in the vicinity afford delightful views. Several of the female inhabitants were formerly em- ployed in the knitting of stockings, but this branch of C H R I C H R I industry has declined. There are two breweries^ also two manufactories for watch fusee chains, at each of which about 50 persons are employed, chiefly women and girls 5 and almost every cottager is engaged in preparing the work connected with this branch of manufacture. The market is on Monday 5 fairs are held on Trinity- Thursday and October 17th for cattle and horses, and pleasure. The government is vested in a mayor, re- corder, and an indefinite number of free burgesses, assisted by a town-clerk and others ; but the officers do not exercise magisterial authority, the town being wholly within the jurisdiction of the county justices. The borough was summoned in the 35th of Edward I. and the 2nd of Edward II., but made no subsequent return till the 13th of Elizabeth, from which time it regularly sent two members to parliament, until the 2nd of Wil- liam IV., when, by the Reform Act, it was destined .thenceforward to send only one. The right of election was exercised by the mayor and free burgesses 5 but, by the act above named, the non-resident electors, except within seven miles, were disfranchised, and the privilege was extended to the £10 householders of an enlarged district of 5332 acres, including the parish of Holden- hurst, which was, for elective purposes, incorporated with the former borough of Christchurch, which com- prised only 123 acres : the mayor is returning officer. A court leet for the manor is held twice a year by the steward. The parish comprises by computation 30,000 acres, of which the surface is in general fiat, and the soil in the vicinity of the rivers particularly fertile. The living is a vicarage, with that of Holdenhurst annexed, valued in the king’s books at £16 j patrons. Dean and Chapter of Winchester j impropriator, Earl of Malmesbury, whose mansion of Heron Court is within the parish. The tithes of the two parishes have been commuted for £3200. 15. 6. The church is a magnificent cruci- form structure, partly Norman, and partly in the early and later English styles, with a finely-proportioned and embattled tower at the west end, which was erected by the Montacutes, Earls of Salisbury, in the fifteenth cen- tury. The piers and arches of the nave, which is of Norman character, are bold and simple 3 the clerestory is of later date 3 the northern entrance is a fine speci- men of the early, and the chancel of the later, English style. The altar is decorated with a rude, but interest- ing, representation of the genealogy of Christ, carved in the^ style of the age in which the church was founded : to the north of it is a beautiful sepulchral chapel, built in the reign of Henry VII., by the celebrated Countess of Salisbury, who, in the 70th year of her age, was be- headed by Henry VIII., and at the east is a spacious chapel, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, erected in the fourteenth century by the ancestor of Lord Delaware 3 there are some other chapels of fine execution, chiefly in the later English style. The west front, principally in the early style, in which a large and handsome win- dow has been recently inserted, is ornamented with a figure of Christ in a canopied niche. The length of the church is 311 feet, and its breadth at the western extre- mity 60 feet, and along the transepts 104 feet 3 the height of the vaulted roof is 57 feet. It^was repaired in 1841, the Incorporated Society having granted £250 towards the expense. There are, an endowed chapel at Hinton, built about half a century ago 3 a chapel at VoL. I. — 593 Bransgore, a neat modern edifice 5 a chapel erected, in 1834, at High Cliffe 3 a church at Burton, erected in 1836 3 and a chapel, in the later English style, at High- town, built at the expense of Lord Stuart de Rothesay and others. The Independents and Wesleyans have places of worship, and at Burton is a Roman Catholic chapel. The free grammar school is of uncertain foun- dation : until the year 1828, it had an endowment of £15 per annum, in South Sea stock 3 but the corpora- tion being empowered to dispose of the property, some excellent schoolrooms have been built with the proceeds, at an expense of upwards of £600, on a convenient plot of ground presented by Sir G. H. Rose : the children are taught on the national system. Lancasterian schools are supported by subscription 3 a school is maintained by Sir G. Pocock, Bart., and T. P. Anderson, Esq. 5 and in another, some females are instructed at the expense of the Earl of Malmesbury. There are several charitable bequests for distribution among the poor. The union of Christchurch comprises 3 parishes, and contains a population of 7328. An intrenchment, 630 yards in length, extends across the isthmus that con- nects Hengistbury Head with the main land 3 and near its northern extremity is a large barrow, in which human bones and an urn have been found. On Catherine Hill, about a mile and a half to the north of the town, and a mile to the west of the Avon, are traces of an explora- tory camp, 55 yards square, round which are six small tumuli 3 and near the base of the hill are ten large bar- rows, whereof one has been discovered to contain human bones. To the north of the camp is an elliptical earth- work, of which the greater diameter is 35, and the less 25 yards 3 and the remains of other intrenchments may be traced in the vicinity. Somerford Grange, about two miles to the east of the town, belonged to the priory : part of the ancient buildings, until about 20 years since, remained, including the chapel, a stone edi- fice, with a handsome arched roof of carved oak. On the site of the priory a large mansion was built, some time since, by Gustavus Brander, Esq., which is now occupied as a boarding-school. Hordwell Cliff, between Christchurch and Milford, is famous for the fossil remains of tropical shells, sharks’ teeth, &c. &c. Tutter’s Well, at Stanpit, is celebrated for the purity of its water, and for its efficacy in weakness of sight. CHRIST-CHURCH, a parish, in the union of St. Saviour’s, partly in the E. division of the hundred of Brixton, but chiefly within the borough of South- wark, E. division of Surrey 3 containing 14,606 inha- bitants. This parish was anciently termed the liberty of Paris Garden, and formed a part of the parish of St. Saviour until 17O6, when it was made distinct by act of parliament. It is situated on the south side of BJack- friars bridge, and consists of several ranges of good houses on both sides of Great Surrey- street, including Nelson-square on the east, and a portion of Stamford- street on the west. There are manufactories for hat^, for glass, and for various articles of statuary in Roman cement, besides extensive saw-mills, a large cooperage, and works for refining antimony, and ihaking albata. At the end of Blackfriars bridge is a building, originally called the Leverian Museum, and subsequently the Rotunda, which has been used for various purposes. The parish of Christ- Church constituted a portion of the borough of Southwark, under a charter of Edward VI., 4 G CH R I C H R I though the inhabitants did not for nrrany years vote for its parliamentary members, in consequence of having allowed tbe privilege to fall into disuse 3 they have, however, been re-invested with the power of exercising the elective franchise, by the act of the 2nd of William IV., cap. 45. It is within the jurisdiction of the South- wark court of requests, established by an act passed In the 22nd of George II., for the recovery of debts under 40^. The living is a rectory not in charge, in the pa- tronage of the Trustees of Mr. MarshalFs charity : the church is a neat edifice of brick, with a square tower surmounted by a cupola. Surrey chapel, built by the late Rev. Rowland Hill, is within the parish 3 and there are also places of worship for Baptists and Unitarians, the latter of which, in Stamford-street, has a fine portico of six fluted Doric columns supporting a triangular pedi- ment. The parochial schools, on the national system, in Green Walk, were rebuilt in 1836, at an expense of nearly £2000. The British and Foreign school, situated in an alley opposite the workhouse, contains a spacious schoolroom for boys, and one of smaller dimensions for girls. The workhouse, since the incorporation of the parish with the union of St. Saviour’s, has been enlarged at an expense of nearly £8000. Almshouses in Green Walk were founded and endowed by Mr. Charles Hop- ton, for 28 poor men, each of whom has a separate house of two rooms 3 and in Church^street are alms- houses for 45 women, endowed by Mr. Edward Edwards, in 1753, the buildings consisting of four separate ranges of neat houses, erected successively in 1753, 1777^ 1786, and 1791. There are various charities for general pur- poses, all of minor account except Marshall’s charity, founded by John Marshall in 1627, and producing nearly £900 per annum 3 Hammerton’s, producing £230 per annum 3 and Boyse’s, producing £160 per annum. CHRISTIAN-MALFORD {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Chippenham, partl)^ in the hundred of Chippenham, but chiefly in the N. division of the hundred of Damerham, of which it forms a detached portion, Chippenham and Caine, and N. divisions of Wilts, 5 miles (N. E. by N.) from Chippenham 3 con- taining, with the tything of Avon, 1198 inhabitants. This place is situated on the river Avon, commencing at a bridge over an ancient ford across that stream, from the badness of which it is supposed to have de- rived its name 3 and its prefix most probably originated from the fact of Christianity having been promulgated here at a very early period. The parish comprises by computation 2762 acres, of which between 300 and 400 are arable, 140 wood, and the rest pasture. The village, in the centre of which is an ancient cross, is situated on the river, which here turns two cloth- mills 3 and the parish is intersected by the road from Oxford to Bath, and the Great Western railway. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £27, and in the patronage of the Bishop of Bath and Wells : the tithes have been commuted for £700, and the glebe comprises about 100 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. Attached to the benefice is a copyhold of 60 acres held on Jives, and a manor, of which the rector is lord. The church has been recently repaired and repewed. There is a place of worship for Independents, said to be the oldest in the county 3 and a national school is supported principally by the Earl of Carnarvon, and the rector, to the former 594 of whom the greater part of the parish belongs. The interest of £100, bequeathed by the Rev. W. Willes, a former incumbent, is appropriated towards the support of a lending library for the poor. GHRISTLETON {St, James), a parish, in the union of Great Boughton, Lower division of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, comprising the townships of Christleton, Abbots- Cotton, Edmunds-Cotton, Littleton, and Rowton 3 and contain- ing 875 inhabitants, of whom 625 are in the township of Christleton, 2 miles (E. by S.) from Chester. This place, at the time of the Norman survey, is said to have been very populous 3 it continued of some importance, and was fortified for the parliament, and made the head- quarters of Sir William Brereton. At Rowton Moor a battle was fought between the royalist and paHiamentary forces, in which the former were defeated 3 and, on the siege of Chester being raised, in February, 1645, Ghris- tleton was, in a sally of the citizens, very nearly de- stroyed by fire. The parish is situated on the road from London to Shrewsbury, and comprises by admeasure- ment 3000 acres 3 the Chester and Ellesmere canal passes close to the village, and, at little more than a quarter of a mile from the bridge, is crossed by a via- duct of the Chester and Crewe railway. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £39. 5. 3 net income, £827 j patron, Hon. E. M. L. Mostyn : the glebe consists of about 40 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church existed prior to the Conquest, and was wholly rebuilt of brick in 1738, but the stone tower bears the date 1530. There is a place of worship for Independents. In 1779, John Seller, of Littleton, left about £10 per annum for teaching children 3 and a school-house was built in 1800, by subscription. CHRISTON, a parish, in the union of Axeridge, hundred of Winterstoke, E. division of Somerset, 4 miles (N. W. by W.) from Cross 3 containing 92 inha- bitants, and comprising by measurement 572 acres. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 1. 8 ,, and in the gift of Sir John Smyth, Bart., and the Rev. Charles Gore : the tithes have been commuted for £96, and the glebe consists of 44 acres. The church is principally in the early English style. A school is supported by subscription. CHRISTOW^ {St. James), a parish, in the union bf St. Thomas, hundred of Wonford, Wonford and S. divisions of Devon, 7^ miles (S. W.) from Exeter 3 containing 624 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the river Teign, and comprises by measurement 3200 acres : there are many excellent cherry orchards 3 mines of manganese are worked, and a lead-mine has been lately discovered, which affords some beautiful specimens of mundic, &c. &c. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 6. 8. 3 patron and impropriator. Viscount Exmouth. The great tithes have been commuted for £99. 10., and the vicarial for £169. 19. : an excellent glebe-house has been erected, at4he expense of the present incumbent 3 and attached to the vicarage, is a glebe of 22 acres, in the parish bf Bovey Tracey. The church, the arches of which are in the pointed style, has a Norman font, and some fine screen-work across the nave and aisles : it is said to have been erected by Lord John Russell, in the reign of Henry VIII., of which monarch he purchased the parish for £200 3 the tower, which is 80 feet high, and much C H U D CHUR admired, is supposed to be of later erection. There is a place of worship for Baptists. The poor receive bread every Sunday from the rents of an estate called Smith- hayes, producing about £40 per annum, left by a cler- gyman named Stocke, in the latter part of the 17th century ; the residue,, after affording small payments to two adjoining parishes, belongs to the vicar; Lord Exmouth takes the title of Baron Exmouth, of Canon- teign, from his seat in the parish. Pope House is said to have been a cell to the priory of Cowick, near Exeter. The ancient mansion of Canonteign was be- sieged by Cromwell’s army, and the loop-holes are still to be seen, through which the muskets were fired by the besieged. CHUDLEIGH (St. Martin), a market- town and parish, in the union of Newton- Abbot, hundred of Exminster, Teignbridge and S. divisions of Devon, 9 miles (S. S. W.) from Exeter, and 182 (W. S. W.) from London 3 containing 2415 inhabitants. This place, an- ciently called Chidleighe, was the residence of the bishops of Exeter, who had a sumptuous palace, of which there are; some smalf remains. In the year 1309, Bishop Stapleton procured for it the grant of a weekly market and an annual fair. During the parliamentary war, the army under General Fairfax was quartered in the town. In 1.807, half of it was destroyed by fire, the loss of property having been estimated at £60^000 value. It is pleasantly situated on an eminence near the eastern bank of the river Teign, and consists prim cipally of one long street 3 the houses are in general moderm and neatly built 5 the inhabitants are indif- ferently supplied with water. The environs are pleasant, and abound with woodland scenery 5 antimony and cobalt are found among the mineral productions, and there are quarries of argillaceous slate, in which many organic remains have been discovered*. The trade, which consisted principally in the manufacture of woollen- cloth, has lately declined : extensive quarries of good marble and limestone, which abound in the vicinity, afford employment to many of the inhabitants 5 and the neighbourhood is famed for cider of superior quality. The market is on Saturday : the fairs, chiefly for cattle and sheep,- are on Easter-Tuesday, the third Tuesday and Wednesday in June, and October 2nd, unless it falls on Saturday,. Sunday, or Monday, in which case it Is postponed till the Tuesday following. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £21, and in the patronage of trustees for the inhabitants : the impro- priate tithes, belonging to Lord Clifford, have been com- muted for £250, and the vicarial for £550 3 the glebe com- prises one acre, to which there is a glebe-house. There is a place of worship for Independents 3 also a Roman Catholic chapel at Ugbrooke, in the parish. The free grammar school was founded, in I668, by Mr. John Fynsent, of Combe, in the county of Surrey, who en- dowed it with a rent-charge of £30 per annum, found- ing also three exhibitions for its benefit at Cambridge, of £5 each, tenable for four years. There is likewise, an endowment of £5 per annum for teaching boys 3 and a national school is supported by subscription. Half a mile from the town is Chudleigh Rock, a stupendous mass of limestone, in which is a cavern of considerable extent 5 and near it are very perfect remains of an elliptical encampment, supposed from its form to be of Danish origin, but, from its .proximity to a Roman road, 595 to* have been previously occupied by that people. Chudleigh confers the title of Baron on the family of Clifford. CHULMLEIGH (St, Mary Mag razene), a market- town and parish, in the union of South Molton, hun- dred of Witheridge, South Molton and, N. divisions of Devon, 21^ miles (N.. W.) from Exeter, and 194 (W, by 8.) from London 3 containing 1647 inhabitants. This place- w^as anciently called Chimleighe ; and in the reign of Henry III,, John de Courtenay, Earl of Devonshire, obtained for it the grant of a, weekly market. During the parliamentary war, a skirmish took place here in 1645. The town, a considerable portion of which was destroyed by fire in 1803, is situated on an eminence rising gently from the eastern bank of the river Taw 3 the houses, with the exception of a few that are modern and well built, are low and covered with thatch. The market is; on Friday 3 and fairs are held on the third Friday in March, the Wednesday in Easter- week, and the last Wednesday in July. A portreeve, whose office is merely nominal, and other officers,, are appointed an- nually at the court leet and baron of the lord of the manor. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £20. 18. l^. 5 net income, £415 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. George Hole, In the church are five prebends, endowed with glebe and a portion of the tithes, viz,, Brookland, valued at £4. 8. 4. 5 Denes, at £4. 6. 8.^ Higher Heyne, at £5. 13.. 4. 3: Lower Heyne^ at £5 3 and Penels, at £5. The church, which was: damaged by lightning in 1797> i& ^n ancient and spacious structure, in the decorated English style, with a square embattled tower 3 the interior is fine, and contains a screen of oak, richly carved. There are places- of worship for Inde- pendents. and Wesleyans. A school was endowed by Lady Pyncombe with £10 per annum, and another has the interest of £100. CHUNALL, a township, in the parish and union of Glossop, hundred of High Peak, N. division of the county of Derby, 7j miles (N. by W.) from Chapel-en- le-Frith 3 containing 111 inhabitants. CHURCH, a tything, in the parish of Downton, union of Alderbury, hundred of Downton, Salisbury and Amesbury, and S. divisions of Wilts 3 pontaining 319 inhabitants. CHURCHAM (St, Andrew), a parish, in the union of Westbitry, partly in the Lower division of the hundred of Dudstone and King’s-Barton, E. division, but chiefly in the hundred of Westbury, W. division, of the county of Gloucester, 4^ miles (W. by N.) from Gloucester 3 containing,, with the hamlets of Highnam, Linton,, and Over, 870 inhabitants. It is pleasantly situated on the river Severn, across which, in the hamlet of Over, about one mile from Gloucester, is a handsome stone bridge of one arch, 150 feet in the span, completed under the superintendence of Thomas Telford, Esq., at an expense of nearly £50,000,. defrayed by the county. The living is a vicarage, with that of Bulley annexed, valued in the king’s. books at £20. 5. 3 net income, £386 3 patrons and. appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Glou- cester. The tithes were commuted for land in, 1802. The church is small, and has some remains of Norman architecture. CHURCH-BRAMPTON.-—SeeBRAMPTON, Church. — And other places having a similar distinguishing prefive tvill be found under the proper name. 4 G2 CHUR CHUR CHURCHDOWN (St. Bartholomew), a parish, in the Upper division of the hundred of Dudstone and King’s-Barton, union and E. division of the county of Gloucester, 3 miles (E. by N.) from Gloucester 3 con- taining, with Hucklecote hamlet, 999 inhabitants. This parish, commonly called Choren, comprises ^575a. 3r. 17p., and is situated in an extensive vale, from which an elliptical eminence, about four miles in circuit at the base, rises to the height of 2500 feet : stone is quarried for the roads. The Birmingham and Gloucester rail- way, and the road from Gloucester to London, pass through the parish. The village lies in a vale around the base of the hill. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £88 3 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Bristol, whose tithes have been commuted for £1214, The church, a very ancient plain edifice, is on the summit of the hill above noticed, commanding most extensive views 3 the mounds by which it is sur- rounded, in connexion with the abrupt ascent of the hill, have led to the opinion that it was originally the site of a Roman or British fortification. There are two schools, supported partly by an endowment of £25 a year, be- queathed in 1734, by the Rev. H. Wyndowe, who was minister of the parish 3 also four almshouses for poor widows, endowed with £4 per annum each. John Har- mer, professor of Greek in the University of Oxford, author of a life of Cicero, a Greek Etymological Diction- ary, and other learned works, was a native of the place 3 he died in I67O. CHURCH-END, a township, in the parish of Shen- LEY, union of Newport-Pagnell, hundred of New- port, county of Buckingham 3 containing 227 inhabit- ants. CHURCH-END, a hamlet, in the parish of Tiden- HAM, union of Chepstow', hundred of Westbury, W. division of the county of Gloucester ; containing 253 inhabitants. CHURCHENFORD, a hamlet, in the parish of Church-Stanton, union of Taunton, hundred of Hemyock, Cullompton and N. divisions of Devon, 9^ miles (N. N. E.) from Honiton. The village is noted for its excellent cider. There are cattle fairs on January 25th and March 6th. CHURCHFIELD, a hamlet, and formerly a chapelry, in the parish and union of Oundle, hundred of Pole- brook, N. division of the county of Northampton, 2| miles (W.) from Oundle. The chapel has been de- molished. CHURCHILL (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Chipping -Norton, hundred of Chadlington, county of Oxford, 3 miles (S. W. by W.) from Chipping- Norton 3 containing 651 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 16. 0^.3 net income, £177 3 patron and impropri- ator, J. H. Langston, Esq. The tithes were commuted for land and corn-rents in 178?. The church, having become dilapidated and dangerous, was rebuilt on a more elevated site, commanding some extensive views : the chancel of the old church still remains. There are two schools, one of which is endowed for 24 children, and is otherwise supported by Mr. Langston, who solely maintains the other. CHURCHILL (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Axbridge, hundred of Winterstoke, E. division of Somerset, 4^ miles (N. by E.) from Axbridge 3 596 containing 970 inhabitants. This is a very ancient place, occurring in old deeds under the names of Curie- hill, Cheuchill, and CherchilL Immediately after the Conquest it was held by Roger de Leon, who came over with the Conqueror, and who appears to have assumed the name of Courcill, or Curcelle, from this property : he is said to have been the remote ancestor of John Churchill, the great Duke of Marlborough. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £98 3 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Bristol. The church is a handsome structure, with an embattled tower, and contains a fine altar-piece representing the Lord’s Sup- per, and several interesting monuments. Two small schools are supported, partly by an endowment of £4 per annum. On a very high point of the Mendip Hills, above the village, is an encampment, called Dolberry Castle, which forms a parallelogram of 540 yards by 220, inclosed by a ditch on all sides but the south-east, where the steepness of the hill rendered it unnecessary 3 wdthin it many Roman and Saxon coins and fragments of weapons have been found. CHURCHILL (St. Ja3ies), a parish, in the union of Kidderminster, Lower division of the hundred of Halfshire, Stourbridge and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, 3^ miles (N. E. by E.) from Kidder- minster 3 containing 164 inhabitants. It is partly bounded by Staffordshire, and is crossed, from north to south, by the road from Stourbridge to Kidderminster 3 it contains 844 acres. The living is a discharged rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 6. 8., and in the gift of the Rev. J. Turner ; a portion of the tithes were commuted, in 1773, for land, of which there are 95 acres, valued at about £100 per annum 3 the re- mainder were recently commuted for a rent-charge of £166, and there is a glebe-house. Richard Penne and Roger Bennet, in 1602, bequeathed property producing about £30 per annum, chiefly for teaching children. CHURCHILL (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Pershore, Lower division of the hundred of Os- WALDSLow, Worcester and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, 5j miles (E. by S.) from Worcester 3 containing 115 inhabitants. The parish is intersected from west to east by the road from Worcester to Al- cester, and bounded on the w^est by a stream which falls into the Avon 3 it consists of 66O acres. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 6. 8. 3 net income, £167 5 patron, Robert Berke- ley, Esq. CHURCH-KIRK, a township, in the parish of 'Whalley, union, and Lower division of the hundred, of Blackburn, N^ division of the county of Lancaster, 4f miles (E.) from Blackburn 3 containing 1545 inha- bitants. This township, and the townships of Huncoat, and Yate with Pick-up-Bank, form the parochial cha- pelry of Church-Kirk, comprising 3080 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £2183 patrons. Principal and Fellows of Brasenose College, Oxford 3 impropriators, Trustees of Hume’s Exhibitions. The chapel is dedicated to St. James. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and a school was endowed by T. B. Cole, Esq., with £721 invested in the funds. CHURCHOVER (Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Rugby, Rugby division of the hundred of Knightlow, N. division of the county of Warwick, 4^ miles (N. by E.) from Rugby 3 containing 339 inhabit- CHUR CHUT ants. It is watered by the river Swift, and comprises by computation 1500 acres j the surface is varied, rising in some parts into hills- of considerable elevation, and in others being flat j the soil is clayey, with some gravel. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £15; net income, £270; patron, Henry Grimes, Esq. The church is a small edifice, with a spire. Two schools are supported by subscription. The Roman Watling- street passes through the parish, on the line of which, and on the brow of Knightlow Hill, is a very high tumulus. CHURCH- STANTON {St. Paul), a parish, in the union of Taunton, hundred of Hemyock, Cullompton and N. divisions of Devon, 11 miles (N. by E.) from Honiton ; containing 1085 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £26. 5. 5. ; net income, £421 ; patron. Rev. R. P. Clarke. The tithes were commuted for land and corn-rents in 1779. The church has been enlarged by the addition of 237 sit- tings. There is a small endowed school. CHURCHSTOW {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Kingsbridge, hundred of Stanborough, Stanbo- rough and Coleridge, and S. divisions of Devon, 2 miles (N. W. by W.) from Kingsbridge ; containing 542 inha- bitants, including 2 1 1 in the union workhouse, situated in the parish. It is bounded on the north-west by the river Avon, and comprises about 1600 acres; the sur- face is irregular, rising in some parts into hills of con- siderable height ; and the soil is extremely various, in some places exuberantly rich, and in others sterile and unproductive. The living is a discharged vicarage, with that of Kingsbridge annexed, valued in the king’s books at £16. 16. 11., and in the patronage of the Crown, with a net income of £118 : the impropriation belongs to the Corporation of Exeter, as trustees for a charity. The tithes have been commuted for £325, and the glebe consists of 14 acres. CHURCH-TOWN, a hamlet, in the parish of Back- well, union of Bedminster, hundred of Hartclifee with Bedminster, E. division of Somerset ; contain- ing 82 inhabitants. CHURSTON-FERRERS, a parish, in the union of Totnes, hundred of Haytor, Paignton and S. divisions of Devon, mile (N. W.) from Brixham ; containing, with the hamlet of Galmpton, 77 2 inhabitants. It is situated on the coast of the English Channel, and is bounded on the north by Torbay, and on the west by the river Dart, which is here navigable. The living is a perpetual curacy, annexed to the vicarage of Brixham, and in the patronage of the Crown : the impropriafe tithes have been commuted for £212,.and the vicarial for £180. The church contains an ancient wooden screen. There is a school, in which a few girls are educated at the expense of Lady Buller ; also an almshouse for seven people. CHURT, county of Surrey. — See Chart. CHURTON, a township, in the parish of Aldford, union of Great Boughton, Higher division of the hun- dred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, 4^ miles (S. E. by S.) from Chester ; containing 254 in- habitants. CHURTON, a township, in the parish of Farndon, union of Great Boughton, Higher division of the hun- dred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, 7 miles (S. by E.) from Chester ; containing 132 inha- 597 bitants. The tithes have been commuted for £71, of which £70 are payable to an impropriator, and £l to the curate of the parish. CHURTON, or Chirkton {St. John the Bap- tist), a parish, in the union of Devizes, hundred of Swanborough, Devizes and N. divisions of Wilts, 4:| miles (N. E. by E.) from East Lavington ; containing, with Conock tything, 428 inhabitants, of whom 268 are in the township of Churton. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £11. 0. 5., and has a net income of £168; it is in the patronage of the Crown, and the inipropri?ition belongs to the trustees of Heytesbury almshouse. CHURTON-HEATH, or Bruera, a chapelry, in the parish of St. Oswald, Chester, union of Great Boughton, Low^er division of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, 5j miles (S. E. by S.) from Chester ; containing 3 inhabitants. The cha- pelry was the original seat of a rectory, to which St. Oswald, a vicarage, was subordinate. The living is now annexed to St. Oswald ; the incumbent whereof receives a rent- charge of £17, for which both the tithes of the cha- pelry have been commuted. The chapel, dedicated to St. Mary, is an ancient structure, with aNorman arch between the nave and chancel, and a rich Norman door at the south end ; several carved stones are conspicuous in the walls. CHURWELL, with Morley, an ecclesiastical dis- trict, in the parish of Batley, wapentake of Morley, W. riding of York, 3 miles (S. W. by S.) from Leeds ; containing, in the township of Churwell, 1198 inha- bitants. The township, which is situated on the road from Leeds to Huddersfield, comprises by computation 540 acres of land, and abounds in excellent coal ; it is inhabited by persons chiefly employed in the collieries of Messrs. Tottie and Gaunt, of Leeds, in the woollen-cloth mill of George Crowther, Esq., and Company, and in the tan-yard of Mr. William Morris. This place, and Mdr- ley, have been severed from the parish of Batley, and the district church is so conveniently situated as to ac- commodate both villages. There is a place of worship for Independents, and also a school. CHUTE {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Andover, hundred of Kinwardstone, Everley and Pewsey, and S. divisions of Wilts, Sf miles (N. E.) from Ludgershall; containing 525 inhabitants. It com- prises 3000 acres ; the surface is hilly, and the scenery pleasingly varied ; the soil is chiefly light and stony. The living is a vicarage, in the patronage of the Prebendary of Chute and Chisenbury in the Cathedral of Salisbury (the impropriator), valued in the king’s books at £11; net income, £244. Two schools are partly supported by subscription. The late Mr. George Soley, of Kimpton Lodge, near Andover, bequeathed £200 to be vested in the funds, and the proceeds divided among the poor. Jeremy Corderoy, a divine of some celebrity in the 17th century, was born here. CHUTE-FOREST, an extra-parochial district, in the union of Andover, hundred of Kinwardstone, Everley and Pewsey, and S. divisions of Wilts, 4f miles (N. E. by N.) from Ludgershall ; containing 135 inha- bitants. It comprises 1800 acres ; the surface is boldly undulated, and the soil light. The tithes for the east and west walks of the forest of Chute and Wakes wood, of which the Dean and Chapter of Sarum are appropri- ators, have been commuted for £460. C I R E C I R E CINQUE- PORTS. — See article on Dovor. CIPPENHAM, a liberty, in the parish and hundred of Burnham, union of Eton, county of Buckingham, 2-^ miles (N. W. by N.) from Eton ; containing 241 in- habitants. This place is said to have been a residence of the Saxon kings 3 it is more certain that here was a palace for the monarchs of the Norman line. CIRCOURT, with Goosey, a chapelry, in the union of Wantage, parish of Standford-in-the-Vale, hun- dred of OcK, county of Berks 3 containing 179 inha- bitants. Arms. CIRENCESTER {St. John the Evangelist), a parish^ and the head of a union, comprising the bo- rough of Cirencester, which is a hundred of itself, and several tythings in the hun- dred of Crowthorne and Minety, E. division of the county of Gloucester, I 7 miles (S. E.) from Glouces- ter, and 89 (W. by N.) from London 3 and containing 6014 inhabitants. Prior to the arrival of the Romans, this w^as a British city, called Caer Cori, the town on the river Corin,” now Churn, which the Romans con- verted into a military station, denominated Corinum : this station, from its position near the intersection of the Eosse-way with the Ermin and Ikeneld streets, was one of considerable extent and importance 5 and vestiges of the vallum and rampart are yet visible on the south- eastern side of the town, where Roman inscriptions, tessellated pavements, coins, urns, vases, the remains of a hypocaust, and various fragments of masonry, have been found. The Saxons added the name Ceaster, of which and its Roman appellation, the present is a cor- ruption* It was the metropolis of the Dohuni, from whom, in 577^ it w^as taken by Ceawlin, King of Wessex. In 666 it was annexed to the kingdom of Mercia 3 and, in 879, the Danes under Guthrum, after their memor- able defeat by Alfred in the battle of Ethandune, retired hither, where they remained for a year, during the pro- gress of the negotiations which led to their conversion to Christianity, and their settlement in the island. Ca- nute the Great held a general council here in 1020, when, according to the Saxon Chronicle, Alderman Ethel- ward was outlawed, and Edwy, King of the Churls.” In the war between Stephen and Matilda, Cirencester Castle, of which the earliest notice then occurs, being garri- soned by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, on the part of the empress, was taken and burnt by the king’s troops, in 1142; having been rebuilt, it was subsequently garri- soned by the disaffected barons against Henry III., but was taken by the king, who issued his warrant for its immediate demolition. The wall and gates that defended the town continued entire for some time longer. In 1322, Edward II. spent the festival of Christmas here, and soon afterwards convened an assembly of his nobles, to devise means for crushing the conspiracy of Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, and other barons, against his fa- vourite, Hugh le Despencer 3 and the whole of the royal army was subsequently assembled here. Early in the reign of Henry IV., the Dukes of Albemarle, Surrey, and Exeter, and the Earls of Gloucester and 598 Salisbury, with other persons of distinction, enteredTato a conspiracy to assassinate the king, and restore the deposed monarch, Richard II. Henry, being informed of this, led an army against them, when some of the principal conspirators, with the forces under them, re- tired to Cirencester, where they encamped.: here they were surprised by the townsmen, and the Duke of Surrey and the Earl of Salisbury were taken and im- mediately beheaded, on which the troops dispersed. The explosion of hostilities against Charles I. is stated to have occurred in this town, upon a personal attack upon Lord Chandos, who had been appointed to execute the commission of array on behalf of the king 3 and it was soon afterwards garrisoned by the parliament. It was assaulted by Prince Rupert, and captured, after a sharp conflict of two hours, on the 2nd of February, 1642-3 3 but was recovered for the parliament by the Earl of Essex, on the l6th of Sept, in the following year: it again fell into the hands of the royalists, but was ulti- mately surrendered to the parliament. On the landing of the Prince of Orange, in I688, the inhabitants, in- fluenced by the Duke of Beaufort, declared for James II. 3 and Lord Lovelace, on his march through the town, with a party to join the prince, was attacked by Captain Lorange, of the county militia, made prisoner, and sent to Gloucester gaol. In this encounter flowed the first blood that was shed in the Revolution. The TOWN is pleasantly situated, and consists of four principal, and several smaller, streets. It was anciently of much greater extent, the walls having inclosed an area of two miles in circuit. The houses, which are chiefly of stone, are well built, and many of the more respect- able are detached 3 the place is lighted, the foot-paths are paved with small stones, and the inhabitants are well supplied with water. There is a society called the Cirenc^ter and Gloucestershire Agricultural Associa- tion. Races were once held annually near the town. But little trade is carried on, the cloth manufacture, formerly extensive, having declined : some knives of a peculiar and superior quality are made for the use of curriers 3 and there are a small carpet-manufactory, and three breweries. The Thames and Severn canal passes in the vicinity, a branch of which comes up to the town ; and a railway to Swindon was opened in May, 1841. The market is on Monday, for corn and provisions, and on Friday for provisions only 3 the latter w^as once considerable for wool, but, since the decline of the woollen manufacture, it has been much neglected. Fairs are held on Easter-Tuesday and Nov. 8th, and statute fairs on the Monday before and the Monday after Oct. 1 1th. By charter granted by Henry IV., Cirencester was constituted a separate hundred, co-extensive with the BOROUGH, the privileges of which still exist, and two high constables are annually chosen, though the town is within the jurisdiction of the county magistrates, who hold petty- sessions here. It sent representatives to a great council in the 1 1th of Edward III., but did not acquire the permanent privilege of returning two bur- gesses until the year 157L by grant from Elizabeth. The right of election was formerly vested in the resident householders not receiving alms (except inhabitants of the abbey, the Embury and Sperringate-lane”), about 500 in number 3 but the limits of the borough, which comprised only 84 acres, were for elective purposes in- creased by the act of the 2nd and 3rd of William IV,, Cl R E C L A I cap. 64, so as to embrace the whole of the parish, com- prehending by estimation 5100 acres, and the franchise was extended to the £10 householders. The steward and bailiff of the manor are returning officers. A court of requests is held for the recovery of debts under 40^., established by act of parliament in 1702 ; and there is a court leet annually, at which the steward for the manor appoints two high, and fourteen petty, constables, two of the latter being for each of the seven wards into which the borough is divided. The LIVING is a vicarage not in charge, in the patron- age of the Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol : the impro- priate tithes have been commuted for £99, and the vicarial for £240, and a rent-charge of £5 is paid to the rector of Siddington. The church is a magnificent struc- ture, in the decorated English style, erected in the fifteenth century, wdth a lofty embattled tower, crowned by pinnacles 5 its interior and exterior are richly adorned, and it contains several chapels of exquisite beauty, and many monuments. A fund, producing £267 per annum, was bequeathed for keeping it in repair. Two other churches, one dedicated to St. Cecilia, and the other to St. Lawrence, have long been in ruins. There are places of worship for Baptists, the Society of Friends, Inde- pendents, Wesley ans, and Unitarians. The free grammar school was founded by Bishop Ruthal, and the original endowment was augmented by Queen Mary, with £20 per annum, payable out of the exchequer 5 the master is appointed by the Lord Chancellor. The Blue- coat school, established in 1714, was afterwards endowed by Thomas Powell, Esq., with £15 per annum, part of an annuity issuing from the exchequer for 99 years, and a moiety of the revenue of Maskelyne’s estate j to which the lord chancellor, in 1737, added £20 per annum, out of property left for charitable purposes by Mrs. Rebecca Powell 5 and in 1744 Mrs. Powell’s executor assigned the interest of £562. 7^ 6. as a provisional supply after the expiration of the annuity. The Yellow-coat school was founded and endowed, in 1722, by Mrs. Powell 5 the in- come is about £320. There are also two Lancasterian schools, a day and Sunday school, and an infants’ school, all supported by subscription. St. John’s hospital, for three men and three women, was founded by Henry I., and endowed with land and reserved rents amounting to between £30 and £40 per annum. St. Lawrence’s hospital, for a master and two poor women, was founded in the time of Edward III., by Edith, proprietress of the manornf Wiggold 5 it has a small endowment, and is under the controul of Earl Bathurst. St. Thomas’s hospital was erected by Sir William Nottingham, attor- ney-general to Henry IV., and endowed with £6. 18. 8. per annum. In 1620, Mrs. Elizabeth Bridges founded an almshouse, with a small endowment, which has been subsequently augmented 5 and there are various minor bequests for the benefit of the poor, and for appren- ticing children. The union of Cirencester comprises 39 parishes or places, of which 33 are in the county of Gloucester, and 6 in that of Wilts 3 and contains a po- pulation of 20,726. Henry I., in 1117, built an abbey for Black canons, in honour of the Blessed Virgin JVEary, which he and his successors richly endowed .5 it was a mitred abbey, and in the 26th of Henry VIII., its revenue was estimated at;£I051. 7- 1-: the remains consist of two gateways and a large barn. In a field called the Querns, to the 599 west of the town, near the Roman wall, are the remains of an amphitheatre. Grismond’s Tower, a circular hill about a quarter of a mile westward, now converted into an ice-house by Earl Bathurst, was discovered, on ex- amination, to be a Roman tumulus, containing several large urns full of ashes and burnt bones. Richard of Cirencester, author of a History and Itinerary of Britain in the time of the Romans 3 Thomas Ruthall, Bishop of Durham, and counsellor to Henry VII. 5 and Caleb Hillier Parry, M.D., eminent in his profession, and father of Capt. Sir Edward Parry, R.N., the celebrated navigator, were natives of the place. CLACK, a hamlet, in the parish of Lineham, hun- dred of Kingsbridge, Swindon and N. divisions of Wilts, 5j miles (S. W.) from Wootton-Bassett. FaTO are held on April 5th and Oct. 10th, for horned- cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, and cheese. CLACKHEATON. — See Cleckheaton. CLACTON, GREAT (St, John the Baptist), a parish, in the union and hundred of Tendrinq, N. division of Essex, 14| miles (S. E. by E.) from Col- chester 5 containing 1296 inhabitants. This parish, wffiich was formerly the residence of the bishops of London, who had a palace here, is bounded on the south by the North Sea, and comprises an area of about fifteen miles in circumference 3 the soil in some parts is light and of inferior quality, and in others, especially towards the coast, a fine strong loam, producing abun- dant crops. A fair is held on the 29th of June. The living is a discharged vicarage, with the donative of Little Holland annexed, valued in the king’s books at £10, and in the patronage of F. Nassau, Esq. 5 impro- priators, Col. Harding and others. The great tithes have been commuted for £1146. 7*, and the vicarial for £250, and a rent-charge of £66 is paid to Travers’^ Knights of Windsor 3 the glebe contains 4^ acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is a plain edifice, with a tower surmounted by a shingled spire. There is a place of worship for Wesleyan s. Some horns and bones of enormous size were lately found in the clay which forms the cliffs on this part of the coast 3 among them were the grinding tooth of an elephant, some colossal horns of the wild bull, and part of the skull of a rhinoceros. CLACTON, LITTLE (St. James), a parish, in the union and hundred of Tendring, N. division of Essex, 12| miles (E. S. E.) from Colchester 3 containing 547 inhabitants. It forms part of a small district mentioned in the Norman survey under the name Clackintuna^ the lands are low, and of a great portion of them the soil is .strong and heavy. The village is pleasantly situated round a small green, on which a fair is held on the 25th -of July. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 4. 5 patron and impropri- ator, F. Nassau, Esq. The great tithes have been com- muted for £612. 10, and the vicarial for £156 3 the glebe comprises nearly 3 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is a small ancient edifice, with a turret of wood. CLAIFE, a township, in the parish of HAw^RsjftEAD, union of Ulverstone, hundred of Lonsdale, north of the Sands, N. division of the county of LANC>iSTER, 2 miles (S. S. E.) from Hawk^head 3 containing 541 inhabitants. This truly picturesque district consists of a ridge of hills extending throughout its whole length CLAP CLAP contaming, with the tow^nships of Austwick, Clapham with Newby, and Lawkland, 1853 inhabitants, of whom 890 are in the township of Clapham with Newby. This parish comprises by computation 24,340 acres, of which a very small portion is arable, about 1000 woodland, and the remainder one vast tract of moor of mountain- ous elevation j within the parish is the base of Ingle- borough mountain, and the prevailing scenery is of bold and romantic character. The manor of Clapham, which extends only over part of this township, was formerly the property of the De Clapham family, from whom it was purchased in the reign of Charles I., by the Morleys, whose descendant, the Rev. Thomas Wilson Morley, of Birkby, is the present lord. The substratum abounds wdth limestone, and near Ingleborough Hall, the seat of James W. Farrer, Esq., is one of those re- markable caverns that frequently occur in: limestone districts, though seldom of such extent, or possessing features so strikingly interesting. This cavern, which is called Clapham Cave, was many years since explored for 50 yards, and found to contain several chambers, connected by passages, through which a stream of pure water, rising in the mountain, pursued its course and flowed into the village. In 1837, a sudden and very considerable increase in the stream issuing from what was supposed to be the extremity of the cavern, led to further research, by the Earl of Eldon and the Rev. Mr. Farrer 3 and on an opening being made, a spacious and lofty region was discovered at least 880 yards in length, to which the chambers previously known were but a vestibule. This magnificent cavern, though in some parts so contracted in height as to render it necessary for the visiter to stoop, is generally, both in width and elevation, of ample and stately di- mensions, resembling the interior of a stupendous baro- nial mansion 5 the roof is richly adorned with stalactites and other beautiful concretions, and the general effect exceeds in splendour any thing of the kind yet dis- covered in the kingdom. The village is situated on the stream above noticed ; fairs for cattle are held on Sept. 27th and Oct. 2nd. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 17* 1* j ii^t income, £1503 patron and appropriator, the Bishop of Chester, with a reversion at his death to the Bishop of Ripon. The church is an ancient structure. A chapel was erected in the village of Austwick in 1840. George Ellis, Esq., in I7IL bequeathed property now producing £89 per annum, of which he appropriated £6. 13. 4. to a master, for teaching children, and the remainder to the incumbent : there is a school at Newby, and a school- room was built in the village of Clapham, in 1824, for the purpose of this endowment. Which has been augmented to £15 per annum by subsequent bequests. CLAPTON, a parish, in the hundred of Arming- roRD, union of Caxton and Arrington, county of Cambridge, 6 miles (S. E. by S.) from Caxton 3 con- taining, with Croydon, 441 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory j consolidated with the vicarage of Croydon, and valued in the king’s books at £4. 9. 7. CLAPTON {St, James), a parish, in the union of Stow-on-the-Wold, Lower division of the hundred of Slaughter, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 4|: miles (N. E.) from Northleach3 containing 117 in- habitants. The living is annexed to the rectory of Bourton-on-the- Water . 602 CLAPTON, a hamlet, in the parish of St. John, Hackney, union of Hackney, Tower division of the hundred df Ossulstone, county of Middlesex, 3 miles (N. by E.) from London 3 containing 5475 inhabitants. This place is divided into Upper and Lower Clapton t the latter consists of various ranges of handsome build- ings, with several large detached mansions and villas on both sides of the road, extending from Hackney church for about a mile, occasionally interspersed with ranges of smaller houses and shops : the former, from Lower Clapton to Stamford Hill, consists of numerous well- built and spacious houses of modern erection, with grounds tastefully laid out, besides the Old and New Terraces, of which the latter forms a lofty and extensive pile. The houses are supplied with water from a reservoir at Lower Clapton, belonging to the East London Water- works Company, into which it is conveyed from the river Lea by a steam-engine. There is no trade, except what is requisite for the supply of the immediate neighbourhood; the nursery-grounds are extensive, and the adjacent country is richly wooded, and comprises much pleasing scenery. A proprietary chapel was built at Upper Clap- ton in 1777:, which has lately been enlarged 3 and in 1841, a church was built, upon a piece of ground given by the Rev. T. B. Powell, at a cost of £6300, in addition td which, a considerable sum, derived from private sources, has been expended on embellishments. There are places of worship for Independents and Wesley ans 3 and con- nected with the chapel, is a national school. The Lou- don Orphan Asylum at Lower Clapton, founded in 1813, for the maintenance and education of destitute orphans, of whom about 400 are now in the institution, is a handsome building of light-coloured brick, con- sisting of a centre, forming a chapel, with an elegant portico of four lofty fluted columns of the Grecian-Doric order, supporting a triangular pediment, and connected with two spacious wings by open corridors of pillars of the same order. CLAPTON {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Thrapston, hundred of Navisford, N. division of the county of Northampton, 5;| miles (E. N. E.) ftom Thrapston 3 containing 119 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the borders of the county of Hun- tingdon, consists of 1850 acres, and is intersected by the road between Oundle and Huntingdon. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £17- 3. 9.> and in the gift of W. P. W. Freeman, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £295. I6., and there are 46 acres of glebe. CLAPTON, a ty thing, in the parish and hundred of Crewkerne, union of Chard, W. division of Somer- set 3 containing 90 inhabitants. CLAPTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Maperton, union of Win canton, hundred of Cats ash, E. division of Somerset 3 containing 38 inhabitants. CLAPTON, a tything, in the parish of Midsummer- Norton, union of ClxjtTon, hundred of Chewton, E, division of Somerset, 6| miles (N. by E.) from Shepton- Mallet 3 containing 147 inhabitants. CLAPTON - IN - Gordano (St. Michael), a pa- rish, in the union of Bedminster, hundred of Port- BURY, E. division of Somerset, 9i miles (W.) from Bristol 3 containing 138 inhabitants. In this parish is situated the tything of Clapton-Wick, which belongs to the parish of Portbury. The living is a discharged C 1 R E C L A I cap. 64, so as to embrace the whole of the parish, com- prehending by estimation 5100 acres, and the franchise was extended to the £10 householders. The steward and bailiff of the manor are returning officers. A court of requests is held for the recovery of debts under 40^., established by act of parliament in 1702 ; and there is a court leet annually, at which the steward for the manor appoints two high, and fourteen petty, constables, two of the latter being for each of the seven wards into which the borough is divided. The LIVING is a vicarage not in charge, in the patron- age of the Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol : the impro- priate tithes have been commuted for £99j and the vicarial for £240, and a rent-charge of £5 is paid to the rector of Siddington. The church is a magnificent struc- ture, in the decorated English style, erected in the fifteenth century, with a lofty embattled tower, crowned by pinnacles its interior and exterior are richly adorned, and it contains several chapels of exquisite beauty, and many monuments. A fund, producing £267 p^** annum, was bequeathed for keeping it in repair. Two other churches, one dedicated to St. Cecilia, and the other to St. Lawrence, have long been in ruins. There are places of worship for Baptists, the Society of Friends, Inde- pendents, Wesleyans, and Unitarians. The free grammar school was founded by Bishop Ruthal, and the original endowment was augmented by Queen Mary, with £20 per annum, payable out of the exchequer 5 the master is appointed by the Lord Chancellor. The Blue- coat school, established in 1714, was afterwards endowed by Thomas Powell, Esq., with £15 per annum, part of an annuity issuing from the exchequer for 99 years, and a moiety of the revenue of Maskelyne’s estate ; to which the lord chancellor, in 1737, added £20 per annum, out of property left for charitable purposes by Mrs. Rebecca Powell 5 and in 1744 Mrs. Powell’s executor assigned the interest of £562. 7« d. as a provisional supply after the expiration of the annuity. The Yellow-coat school was founded and endowed, in 1722, by Mrs. Powell 5 the in- come is about £320. There are also two Lancasterian schools, a day and Sunday school, and an infants’ school, all supported by subscription. St. John’s hospital, for three men and three women, was founded by Henry I., and endowed with land and reserved rents amounting to between £30 and £40 per annum. St. Lawrence’s hospital, for a master and two poor women, was founded in the time of Edward III., by Edith, proprietress of the manor of Wiggold 5 it has a small endowment, and is under the controul of Earl Bathurst. St. Thomas’s hospital was erected by Sir William Nottingham, attor- ney-general to Henry IV., and endowed with £6. 18. 8. per annum. In 1620, Mrs. Elizabeth Bridges founded an almshouse, with a small endowment, which has been subsequently augmented j and there are various minor bequests for the benefit of the poor, and for appren- ticing children. The union of Cirencester comprises 39 parishes or places, of which 33 are in the county of Gloucester, and 6 in that of Wilts ; and contains a po- pulation of 20,726. Henry I., in 1 1 17, built an abbey for Black canons, in honour of the Blessed Virgin ,Mary, which he and his successors richly endowed 5 it was a mitred abbey, and in the 26th of Henry VHI., its revenue was estimated at £1051. 7- 1. : the remains consist of two gateways and a large barn. In a field called the Querns, to the 599 west of the town, near the Roman wall, are the remains of an amphitheatre. Grismond’s Tower, a circular hill about a quarter of a mile westward, now converted into an ice-house by Earl Bathurst, was discovered, on ex- amination, to be a Roman tumulus, containing several large urns full of ashes and burnt bones. Richard of Cirencester, author of a History and Itinerary of Britain in the time of the Romans 5 Thomas Ruthall, Bishop of Durham, and counsellor to Henry VII. j and Caleb Hillier Parry, M.D., eminent in his profession, and father of Capt. Sir Edward Parry, R.N., the celebrated navigator, were natives of the place. CLACK, a hamlet, in the parish of Lineham, hun- dred of Kingsbridge, Swindon and N. divisions of Wilts, 5^ miles (S. W.) from Wootton-Bassett. Fairs are held on April 5th and Oct. 10th, for horned- cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, and cheese. CLACKHEATON.— See Cleckheaton. CLACTON, GREAT (St, John the Baptist), a parish, in the union and hundred of Tendring, N. division of Essex, 14~ miles (S. E. by E.) from Col- chester 3 containing 1296 inhabitants. This parish, which was formerly the residence of the bishops of London, who had a palace here, is bounded on the south by the North Sea, and comprises an area of about fifteen miles in circumference 3 the soil in some parts is light and of inferior quality, and in others, especially towards the coast, a fine strong loam, producing abun- dant crops. A fair is held on the 29th of June. The living is a discharged vicarage, with the donative of Little Holland annexed, valued in the king’s books at £10, and in the patronage of F. Nassau, Esq. 5 impro- priators, Col. Harding and others. The great tithes have been commuted for £1146. 7., and the vicarial for £250, and a rent- charge of £66 is paid to Travers*^ Knights of Windsor ; the glebe contains 4- acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is a plain edifice, with a tower surmounted by a shingled spire. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. SomehornjS and bones of enormous size were lately found in the clay which forms the cliffs on this part of the coast 5 among them were the grinding tooth of an elephant, some colossal horns of the wild bull, and part of the skull of a rhinoceros. CLACTON, LITTLE (St. James), a parish, in the union and hundred of Tendring, N. division of Essex:, 12| miles (E. S. E.) from Colchester 3 containing 547 inhabitants. It forms part of a small district mentioned in the Norman survey under the name Clackintuna ; the lands are low, and of a great portion of them the soil is .strong and heavy. The village is pleasantly situated round a small green, on which a fair is held on the 25th of July. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 4. ; patron and impropri- ator, F. Nassau, Esq. The great tithes have been com- muted for £612. 10, and the vicarial for £156; the glebe comprises nearly 3 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is a small ancient edifice, with a turret of wood. CLAIFE, a township, in the parish of HAw^RSinEAD, union of Ulverstone, hundred of Lonsdale, nen^th of -the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 2 miles (S. S. E.) from HawkShead 3 containing 541 inhabitants. This truly picturesque district consists of a ridge of hills extending throughout its whole length CLAN CLAP from north to south, between the lakes of Windermere and Esthwaite j the scenery is exquisitely beautiful and strikingly diversified, and from one point of view, on the western bank of Windermere, where is a small house belonging to H. Curwen, Esq., and thence called the Station, the surrounding objects appear in all their grandeur and variety. Nearly about the centre of the township, on the shore of Windermere, a small peninsula stretches into the lake, at the extremity of which is an inn much frequented by tourists, whence there is a ferry to a similar peninsula projecting from the opposite shore, for the transport of passengers, luggage, and horses •, at this passage, which is little more than 500 yards across, forty-seven persons were' drowned, from the effects of a storm, in 1635. In the northern part of the township is a small sheet of water, called Blellam Tarn, well stored with various kinds of fish. At Colthouse is a place of worship for the Society of Friends 3 and in the village of Farther- Sawrey is a school, of ancient foundation, to which three members of the family of Braithwaite contributed, at various times, sums amounting to £465, the interest whereof is paid to the master. The school-house was rebuilt in 1835. CLAINES (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Droitwich, Lower division of the hundred of OswALDSLOw% Worcester and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, miles (N.) from Worcester 3 containing, with Whistones tything, 6395 inhabitants. This parish, a considerable part of which lies within the borough of Worcester, is situated on the river Severn 3 the Worcester and Birmingham canal passes near its southern, and the Droitwich canal along its northern, boundary, where it joins the Severn. It is intersected by the Worcester and Shrewsbury, and the Worcester and Birmingham roads, and comprises by measure- ment 4532 acres, of which 2000 are arable, and nearly all the rest pasture. In the parish is the island of Bevere, formed by the rivulet Beverhern, memorable as having twice afforded refuge to the inhabitants of Wor- cester 3 first in 1041, from the fury of King Hardica- nute, on account of their refusing to pay the Danegelt, and next, in 1637, from a dreadful pestilence then raging in the city. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £246 3 patron and impropriator. Sir Oflfley Penbury Wakeman, Bart. : the glebe consists of 21 acres, in the parish of Hanbury. In addition to the paro- chial church, a chapel, dedicated to St. George, was erected in 1830, in the early English style, with a tower, at an expense of £3345. Some schools are supported 3 and a fund of about £35 per annum, arising from be- quests, is applied to the purchase of clothing, bread, &c., for the poor. The ancient hospital of St. Oswald was founded prior to 1268. On the site of the mansion of White Ladies was the Benedictine nunnery of White- stone, or W^histones, founded by Walter de Cantelupe, Bishop of Worcester, in 1255 : to this house Charles II. retired after the decisive battle of Worcester. CLANABOROUGH (St. Fetrock), a parish, in the union of Crediton, hundred of North Tawton, South Molton and N. divisions of Devon, 5j miles (W. by N.) from Crediton 3 containing 69 inhabitants, and consist- ing of 875 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. I7. 3^., and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for £95, 600 and the glebe comprises about 45 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. CLANDON, EAST, a parish, in the union of Guild- ford, Second division of the hundred of Wokeing, W. division of Surrey, 4 miles (E. N. E.) from Guildford 3 containing 293 inhabitants. It comprises by computa- tion 1430 acres, of which between 400 and 500 are uncultivated. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 6. 10|. 3 net income, £152 3 patron, the Earl of Lovelace. Two small schools are partly supported by the rector and the family at Hatchlands. CLANDON, WEST, a parish, in the union of Guild- ford, Second division of the hundred of Wokeing, W. division of Surrey, 3 miles (N. E. by E.) from Guildford 3 containing 407 inhabitants. It comprises about 990 acres, of which 384 are arable, 338 meadow and pasture, 80 woodland, and I60 common. The liv- ing is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 10., and in the patronage of the Earl of Onslow, who has two seats in the parish : the tithes have been commuted for £160, and the glebe contains 20 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is in the early English style, with a low tower on the north side. A national school is chiefly supported by subscription. CLANFIELD (St. Stephen), a parish, in the union of Witney, hundred of Bampton, county of Oxford, 4 miles (N.) from Farringdon 3 containing 584 inhabit- ants. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 6. 5J. 3 patrons, H. Elliott and William Aldworth, Esqrs. 3 impropriators, G. H. Elliott and H. Collett, Esqrs. The great tithes have been com- muted for £300, the vicarial for £50, and tithes payable to the vicar of Bampton for £1003 the glebe comprises seven acres. The church is an ancient structure, in the early English style, and has, in the chancel, a brass recording the death of Leonard Wilmot at Clanfield, in 1608. CLANFIELD (St. James), a parish, in the union of Catherington, hundred of Finch-Dean, Petersfield and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 5f miles (S. W.) from Petersfield 3 containing 239 inhabit- ants. This parish, which is about three miles to the south-west of Butser Hill, comprises a considerable tract of various qualities of soil 3 much of the surface is open, and in the lower grounds the land is rich and fertile. The village is pleasantly situated within a mile of the road to Petersfield. The living is a rectory, united to that of Chalton, and valued in the king’s books at £11 : the tithes have been commuted for £178, and the glebe contains nearly 63 acres, A small school is partly supported by subscription. CLANVILLE, a hamlet, in the parish of Castle- Cary, union of Wincanton, hundred of Catsash, E. division of Somerset 3 containing 50 inhabitants. CLAPCOT, a liberty, in the parish of Allhallow^s, Wallingford, union of Wallingford, hundred of Moreton, county of Berks 3 containing 43 inhabit- ants. CLAPHAM (St. Thomas a Becket), a parish, in the union of Bedford, forming, with the parishes of Milton-Ernest and Oakley, a detached portion of the hundred of Stodden, county of Bedford, 2| miles (N. W. by N.) from Bedford 3 and containing 370 inha- bitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 13. 4. 3 net income, £237 3 C L A R C i, A R rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 9. and in the patronage of James Adam Gordon, Esq. : the tithes have been eommuted for £^00, and the glebe comprises 43 acres. CLAPTON- WICK, a tything, locally situated in the parish of CL.4PTGj^.,iN4jrORDANO, but forming part of the parish o/Portbury, union of Becminster, hun- dred of PoRTBURY, E. division of Somerset ^ contain- ing 45 inhabitants. CLARE {St. Peter and St, Paul), a market-town and parish, in the union and hundred of Risbridge, W. division of Suffolk, 15 miles (S. S. W.) from Bury-St. Edmund’s, and 55^ (N. E. by N.) from London ; con- taining, with the hamlet of Chilton, 1700 inhabitants. This place, which is of great antiquity, derived consider- able importance during the Saxon heptarchy from being on the frontier of the kingdom of East Anglia 3 and after the Conquest, it was distinguished for having given the title of Earl to the family of De Clare, and that of Duke . to Lionel, third son of Edward III., who was created Duke of Clarence. George III, revived the title in the person of his third son. Prince William Henry, who, in 1789, was, created a peer of the realm, as Duke of Cla- rence. To the south of the town are the ruins of a castle, formerly the baronial residence of the Earls of Clare, and equal to any of those structures in feudal grandeur and magnificence : the site of the fortifications, which may be distinctly traced, comprehended an area of 30 acres. On the summit of a high mount, evidently of artificial construction, are the remains of an ancient keep, a circular building of flints, strongly cemented with mortar, and strengthened with buttresses, which, from its situation near the frontier, is supposed to have been erected either prior tp or during the heptarchy. The honour of Clare is now annexed to the duchy of Lancaster. The tow^n is situated on the river Stour, which separates this county from Essex, on the south 3 the houses are in general old, but many new ones have been recently erected. The ancient market-place has been considerably enlarged, by pulling down many un- sightly buildings 3 and a handsome corn-exchange was erected in 1838. The streets are spacious 3 the inhabit- ants are amply supplied with water 3 and the approaches to the town are gradually improving. The market is on Monday 3 and fairs are held on Easter-Tuesday and July 26th, chiefly for toys and pedlery. The county magistrates hold monthly and petty-sessions for the divi- sion here 3 and the courts baron of Erbury, and Stoke with Chilton, and a court for the duchy of Lancaster, are also held at this place. The parish comprises by computation 2178 acres. The LIVING is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £4, 18. 9., and in the patronage of the Queen, in right of the duchy of Lancaster 3 net income, about £200. The church is a large, handsome, and ancient structure, chiefly in the decorated English style, with a square tower, strengthened by buttresses, and of an earlier date than the body : the interior, which has been improved by the heightening of the nave, and the addi- tion of side aisles, is richly ornamented, and contains Ian elegantly- designed font, in the later English style, and a brass eagle on a pedestal, with wings displayed, forming the reading-desk. In the chancel are said to have been interred the remains of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, who died in 1368, at Piedmont, and is sup- 603 posed to have been born here. The church has within a few years been repaired and internally beautified, and a gallery has been erected, containing 64Q additional sittings. There are places of worship for Baptists and Independents. Mr. William Cadge, in 1669, be- queathed a farm, now let for £74 per annum, appro- priating £10 per annum to a master, for teaching boys, and £15 per annum to the clothing of widows 3 and there are several charitable bequests for distribu- tion among the poor, who have also the privilege of depasturing 40 milch cows on a common, comprising 62 acres of land. To the south-west of the town are the remains of Clare Priory, founded by Eluric, or Al- fric, Earl of Clare, for Secular canons, and which Gil- bert de Clare, in 1090, gave to the Benedictine abbey of Bee, in Normandy, to which it was a cell till 1124, when his son Richard removed the monks to the village of Stoke. Joan d’Acre, daughter of Edward I., and wife of Gilbert de Glare, who was a great benefactress to this establishment, is traditionally said to have been interred in the chapel, which has been converted into a barn : the priory, now a private residence, though it has undergone considerable repairs and alterations, still re- tains much of its original character. A monastery for Augustine monks is said to have been founded here in 1248, but by whom is not known 3 and, according to Robert Aske, who wrote in the reign of Henry VIII., the following persons were, among others of less dis- tinction, buried in it, namely, Richard, Earl of Clare 3 Lionel, Duke of Clarence 3 Joan d’Acre, and her son. Sir Edward Montheimer 3 Dame Alice Spencer 3 Sir John Beauchamp, Knt. 3 William Capel, and Eleanor, his wife 3 the Lady Margaret Scroope 5 Sir Edmund, last of the Mortimers, earls of March 3 Sir Thomas Grey, and his first wife 3 and Sir Thomas Clopton, and his wife. To the north-west of the town are evident marks of a Roman camp. CLAREBOROUGH {St. John the Baptist), a pa- rish, in the union of East Retford, North-Clay divi- sion of the wapentake of Bassetlaw, N. division of the county of Nottingham, 2j miles (N. E. by E.) from East Retford 3 containing, with the hamlets of Bollom, Gringley, Little Gringley, Moorgate, and Wal- ham, 2207 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the great north road, and intersected by the Chester- field and Gainsborough canal, and skirted on the west by the river Idle, comprises 3407a. 2r, 2 Ip., whereof the township of Clareborough contains 1230a. 3r. 20p. : the soil is in general a good productive clay, and fine gypsum is found, in pits at Gringley, which is used as plaster of Paris, and with which most of the houses at Retford, in its vicinity, are floored instead of being planked. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9. 15.4.3 net income, £3313 patrons. Trustees of the late Rev. C. Simeon and others 3 impropriators, the family of Hutchinson, and others. The tithes were commuted for land and a money pay- ment in 1776 3 the glebe contains 90 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is a small edifice, built by Archbishop Roger, and endowed by Sewell, Archbishop of York, in 1258 3 it consists of a nave, chancel, and side aisles, with a square embattled tower. A handsome chapel of ease was opened in 1829, which is dedicated to St. Saviour, and contains 1065 sit- tings. At Bolam are the remains, of an ancient chapel, ^ 4 H 2 \ C L A T C L A U and some caves hewn in the rock, in which many of the inhabitants reside. CLARENCE-PORT, a small port, in the parish of Billingham, N. E. division of Stockton ward, county of Durham. This port has been recently formed at the base of Haverton Hill, on the north of the river Tees, near its mouth, for the greater facility of shipping the coal conveyed by the Clarence and Stockton and Darlington railways, both of which have their termini at this place. The quantity of coal brought by the Clarence railway alone, averages 400,000 tons annually, and, by means of four drops constructed for the purpose, 81 keels can be loaded in the short space of twelve hours. CLARENDON-PARK, an extra-parochial liberty, in the union and hundred of Alderbury, Salisbury and Amesbury, and S. divisions of Wilts, 3^ miles (E. by S.) from Salisbury ; containing 181 inhabitants. At this place were anciently two palaces, termed the King’s and the Queen’s j and at a very remote period it was a royal chase. Here Edward the Martyr spent the day preceding his assassination. Henry II. frequently kept his court here, and in 1164 held the council which en- acted the celebrated edicts called The Constitutions of Clarendon,” defining the limits of ecclesiastical authority in England. Richard I., John, and Henry III., often resided at the place 3 and in 1357, when the plague was raging in London, and in many of the principal towns in the kingdom, Edward HI., with his royal prisoners, the kings of France and Scotland, passed the summer at his palace of Clarendon, of which only a lofty wall is now standing. The park was inclosed by act of par- liament in the sixteenth of Charles II. , and granted to General Monk, who had been created Duke of Albe- marle 3 and in the same reign. Clarendon gave the title of earl to Edward Hyde, a native of Dinton, in this county, lord high chancellor of England, ancestor of the queens Mary II. and Anne, and author of the History of the Rehellion, The Roman way from Winchester to Old Sarum passes through the liberty. CLARETON, a township, in the parish of Aller- ton-Mauleverer, Upper division of the wapentake of Claro, W. riding of York, miles (E. N. E.) from Knaresborough 3 containing 19 inhabitants. The town- ship, which is the property of Lord Stourton, comprises by computation 486 acres of land. The village is situ- ated to the west of the road between Wetherby and Boroughbridge. Claro Hill, which gives name to the wapentake, is in the township, and is supposed to have been the place on which the Wittenagemote, or public meetings of the district, were anciently held. CL ARE WOOD, a township, in the parish of Cor- BRiDGE, union of Hexham, E. division of Tindale ward, S. division of Northumberland, miles (N. E. by E.) from Hexham 3 containing 55 inhabitants. It is a small village, seated on an eminence, north from the Roman station of Halton Chesters. Adjoining is a small landsale colliery. CLATFORD, a tything, in the parish of Preshute, union of Marlborough, hundred of Selkley, Marl- borough and Ramsbury, and N. divisions of Wilts, 1 J mile (W. S. W.) from Marlborough ; containing 90 inha- bitants. An alien priory to the abbey of St. Victor, in Caleto, in Normandy, was founded here by Sir Roger IVIortimer, in the time of AVilliam the Conqueror, and granted by VI. to Eton College. CLATFORD, GOODWORTH {St. Peter), a pa- rish, in the union of Andover, hundred of Wherwell, Andover and N. divisions of the county of Southamp- ton, 2 miles (S.) from Andover 3 containing 414 inha- bitants. It is intersected by the Southampton and An- dover canal. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10 3 patron and impropriator, W. Iremonger, Esq. The tithes have been commuted for £165, and the glebe comprises 75 acres. A paro- chial school was endowed with £1000 by the late Rev. Lascelles Iremonger. CLATFORD, UPPER (All Saints), a parish, in the union and hundred of Andover, Andover and N. divi- sions of the county of Southampton, 1 J mile (S.) from Andover 3 containing 620 inhabitants. It comprises 2131a. 2r., of which the principal portion is good arable land 3 the surface is varied with hills, and is intersected by the Southampton and Andover canal. The manu- facture of paper is carried on to some extent, and there is an iron-foundry. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £22, and in the patronage of the Rev. Edward Frowd : the tithes have been commuted for £525, and the glebe comprises 38 acres. A paro- chial school is supported by the rector. At Bury Hill, in the parish, are the remains of an encampment. CLATTERCOTT, an extra-parochial liberty, in the union and hundred of Banbury, county of Oxford, 6 miles (N.) from Banbury 3 containing 15 inhabitants. Here was formerly a small religious house, dedicated to St. Leonard, and endowed by Beauchamp, Earl of War- wick, for brethren of the Sempringham order 3 it was once an hospital for lepers, and the establishment, at the Dissolution, consisted of a prior and four canons, whose revenue was estimated at £34. 19. 11. per an- num. There are some very slight remains. CLATWORTHY {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of WiLLiTON, hundred of Williton and Freeman- NERS, W. division of Somerset, 3 miles (N. W.) from Wiveliscombe 3 containing 309 inhabitants. It is situ- ated on the small river Tone, which falls into the Bristol Channel at Bridgwater, in confluence with the river Parret ; the number of acres is about 2800, and the soil is tolerably fertile, lying on a substratum of clay slate, interspersed with white flint or quartz. Slate for roof- ing was formerly quarried. An act for inclosing lands was passed in 1842. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 10. 5., and in the gift of G. W. Carew, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £268, and the glebe comprises 93 acres. The church is a very ancient structure. There is an encampment of about 14 acres in extent, but whether of Roman or British origin is not clearly known. CLAUGHTON, with Grange, a township, in the parish of Bidstone, union and Lower division of the hundred of Wirrall, S. division of the county of Chester, 9| miles (N. by E.) froih Great Neston 3 con- taining 240 inhabitants. CLAUGHTON, a township, in the parish and union of Garstang, hundred of Amounderness, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 2 miles (S. S. E.) from Garstang 3 containing 772 inhabitants. The linen manufacture is carried on. The Lancaster and Preston railway passes through the township. A commutation for the vicarial tithes has been awarded, amounting to £350. There is a place of worship for Roman Catholics. C LAV CLAW CLAUGHTON (St, Chad), a parish, in the hundred of Lonsdale, south of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 7 miles ('N, E. by E.) from Lan- caster ; containing 1 1 8 inhabitants. It comprises a large tract of land, of which the surface is beautifully diversified, rising on one side into hills, and on the other spreading into a rich and fertile vale, through which the river Lune pursues its rapid course. The soil is favourable for grazing : there are some good quarries of flagstone. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9- 13. 10., and in the patronage of the Heiress of the late Thomas Fenwick, Esq. ; net income, £145. The church was rebuilt in 1815. There is a day and Sunday school. Near Claughton Hall, an ancient building in a dilapidated state, are the remains of a Roman Catholic chapel. CLAVE RDON (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Stratford-on-Avon, Henley division of the hundred of Barlichway, S. division of the county of Warwick, 3^ miles (E. by S.) from Henley-in- Arden j containing, with the hamlet of Langley, 71 1 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the road from Henley to War- wick, and comprises by measurement 3580 acres j its north-eastern boundary is skirted by the canal from Stratford to Birmingham. The living is a discharged vicarage, .with that of Norton-Lindsey annexed, valued in the king’s books at £5. 12. 1. ; net income, £265 j patron and appropriator. Archdeacon of Worcester. The great tithes have been commuted for £6J2. 3., and the vicarial for £229. 10. ; the appropriator’s glebe com- prises 33 acres, and the vicar’s 5 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church, with the exception of the chancel and tower, was rebuilt in the years 1827-8, and contains a handsome monument, iii the chancel, belong- ing to the Spencer family, who formerly possessed a large mansion in the parish. John Matthews, about the year 1526, left property, now w^orth about £96 per annum, for the repair of the church, out of which funds a vil- lage school is also supported. CLAVERING (St. Mary and St. Clement), a pa- rish, in the union of Saffron-Walden, hundred of Clavering, N. division of Essex, 7^ miles (N. by W.) from Bishop-Stortford ; containing 1172 inhabitants. The parish borders on the county of Hertford, and com- prises by computation 3691 acres, of which about 500 are in woods and plantations j the soil is various, consist- ing of chalk, clay, sand, and a light gravel. A small stream, rising in Arkesden, unites with the rivulet from Langley, and pursues its course through the parish to the river Stort. The village is small and irregularly built, but contains some respectable houses, and the surrounding scenery is agreeably diversified. The living is an endowed vicarage, with that of Langley annexed, valued in the king’s books at £22. 13. 11^. ^ patrons and impropriators. Governors of Christ’s Hospital : the great tithes have been commuted for £504, and . the vicarial for £465. 6., and the glebe contains acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is a spa- cious and handsome edifice of stone, with an embattled tower. There is a place of worship for Independents. CLAYERLEY (Jll Saints), a parish, in the union of Bridgenorth, Hales-Owen division of the hundred of Brimstree, S. division of Salop, 6 miles (E.) from Bridgenorth; containing 1669 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 8145 acres, about three-quarters of 605 which are arable, and the rest pasture. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £100 j patron and impro- priator, Thomas Whitmore, Esq. : the great tithes have been commuted for £2048. 13., and the remainder for £12. The church is a handsome structure, in the later English- style, with a high tower surmounted by pinna- cles ; the pews have been lately re-arranged, and galle- ries built. A school was founded in 1659, by Richard Dovey, who endowed it w’ith an estate ; in 1702, John Sanders devised £5 a year for clothing the boys ; and Richard Bennett, in 1794, left £100 in aid of the charity^ which is now united with a national school. CLAYERTON, a parish, in the union of Bath, hun- dred of Hampton and Claverton, though locally in the hundred of Bath-Forum, E. division of Somerset, 2| miles (E. S. E.) from Bath ; containing 177 inhabit- ants. This parish, which is situated on the new road to Warminster, and separated from Bath by a hill round which the river Avon winds its picturesque course, comprises by computation 1200 acres : there are some quarries of excellent freestone. The old baronial manor-house, which retained the marks of an assault from Cromwell’s army, who fired some cannon-shot, by which the walls were perforated, was removed by the late John Vivian, Esq., who had recently purchased the pro- perty and erected a handsome modern seat on a different site. The village is situated in a romantic valley, envi- roned by bold and beautifully wooded hills, and through which passes the Kennet and Avon canal. In the reign of Henry HI. a grant was obtained, whereby Claverton and the village of Hampton were exempted from the jurisdiction of the hundred, and constituted a liberty, which is now within the jurisdiction of the court of re- quests held in the city of Bath, for the recovery of debts under £10. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 6. 10|., aiid in the gift of George Vivian, Esq. : the tithes, exclusive of £6 per annum paid by the Canal Company, have been commuted for £162. 11., and a rent-charge of £18. 10. is paid to the rector of St. Mary-on-the-Hill ; the glebe contains upw^ards of 34^ acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is an elegant structure, in the later English style, having a square embattled tower overspread with ivy, and from its beautiful situation forms an attractive feature. The valley is remarkable for its rich variety of botanical specimens ; and a sunken tract across the Downs, said to be traceable to the river Severn, is sup- posed to be the Wansdyke which formed the boundary of the West Saxon kingdom. Richard Graves, author of the Spiritual Quixote, and other works, was rector of the parish, where he died in 1804, having held the in- cumbency fifty-four years ; and Mr. Allen, the inventor of the plan for the cross-post delivery of letters, who built the mansion of Prior Park, and was the friend and patron of Pope and other poets, was interred in a large mausoleum in the churchyard. CLAWRPLWYF, a hamlet, in the parish of Mynyd- DYSLWYN, union of Newport, Lower division of the hundred of Wentlloog, county of Monmouth ; con- taining 2055 inhabitants. CLAWTON, a parish, in the union of Holsworthy, hundred of Black Torrington, Holsworthy and N. divisions of Devon, 3^ miles (S.) from Holsw'orthy ; containing 639 inhabitants. The living is a discharged perpetual curacy 3 net income, £75 3 patron and incum- C L A X CLAY bent. Rev. T. Melhuish. There is good freestone for building in the neighbourhood. CLAXBY {St, Andrew), a parish, in the union of Spilsby, Wold division of the hundred of Calceworth, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 3 miles (S.) from Alford 5 containing 13^ inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 1047 acres, of which the soil lies on a substratum of chalk interspersed with marl 3 limestone is obtained, and, mixed with marl, is used for manure. In the centre of the parish is a fine spring, issuing from a chalk hill, and affording a good supply of water. The living . is a discharged vicarage with Derthorpe, united to the rectory of Well, and valued in the king’s books at £5. 3. 1^. : the church is a small thatched building. Here are vestiges of a Roman camp, and several tumuli covered with trees. CLAXBY (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Caistor, N. division of the wapentake of Walshcroft, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 4 miles (N. E.) from Market-Rasen 5 containing 220 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 1679 acres : coal is sup- posed to exist, but no attempt has been made to work it ; there are quarries of stone of good quality for road- making, and great quantities are raised for the supply of the surrounding neighbourhood. A pleasure fair is held about the end of August or beginning of September. The living is a discharged rectory, to which the rectory of Norm anby-on-the -Wolds was united in 1740, valued in the king’s books at £8. 10. 10. ; net income, £844 3 patrons. Executors of the late Richard Atkinson, Esq. The church is in the early English style, and contains some ancient monuments. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. Several Roman coins, one of the reign of Constantine, and some Roman pavements, have been discovered. CLAXBY-PLUCKACRE (St, Andrew), a parish, in the union of Horncastle, hundred of Hill, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 4 miles (S. E. by E.) from Horncastle •, containing 29 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Horncastle to Boston, and comprises by computation 900 acres, chiefly arable, with a light sandy soil, adapted to barley and oats, which form the chief produce. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 10. 10., and in the gift of Sir Henry Dymoke, Bart. : the tithes have been com- muted for £140. The church fell dowm some years since, and has not been rebuilt : the inhabitants have sittings in Moorby church by consent of the rector and parishioners, and an annual payment of £5 is made to the minister of Moorby as officiating minister to Claxby. CLAXTON, a township, in the parish of Greatham, union of Stockton-upon-Tees, N. E. division of Stock- ton ward, S. division of the county of Durham, 7 miles (N. N. E.) from Stockton ; containing 52 inhabitants. A branch of the Norman family of Heriz settled here, and assumed the local name, and numerous notices of the Claxtons occur in the records during the 13th, 14th, and I5th centuries : from this family Thomas Claxton, a celebrated antiquary, and the friend and correspondent of Camden, was descended. Of the ancient manor- house, which was deserted for Horden, no traces exist. The township comprises 866 acres. CLAXTON, or Long Clawson (St, Remigius), a parish, in the union of Melton-Mowbray, hundred 606 of Framland, N. division of the county of Leicester, 6 miles (N. N. W.) from Melton-Mowbray ; coiitaining 838 inhabitants. It is situated in the vale of Belvoir, and comprises by admeasurement 2800 acres : the canal navigation from Nottingham to Grantham runs from west to east, through the lower part of the manor. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9. 10. 2.; net income, £105; patron. Lord Godolphin : 126 acres of land belong to the vicarage, and there is a glebe-house, with an acre of glebe^ The Baptists and Wesleyans have places of worship. Here are two free schools, towards the endowment of which Anthony Wadd gave land, in 1758, the rent of which is now £62. 8. ; in 177*25 Mrs. Briggs bequeathed £100, for the same purpose. CLAXTON (St, Andrew), a parish, in the union of Ldddon and Clave ring, hundred of Loddon, E. divi- sion of Norfolk, 2j miles (N. W. by N.) from Loddon; containing 200 inhabitants, and comprising by compu- tation 9*20 acres. A charter for a market on Monday, and a fair on the eve of the festival of St. John the Bap- tist, to continue four days, was granted in the reign of Edward HI., to the Kerdiston family, but both have long been discontinued. The living is a vicarage, en^ dowed with a small portion of the rectorial tithes ; net income, £60 ; patron. Sir Charles Rich, Bart. : the glebe contains about 24 acres. The church, which consists of a nave and chancel, with a square tower, is partly in the early and partly in the decorated style, and appears, by some arches now filled up, to have had formerly a north aisle. There is a place of worship for Baptists. Extensive ruins still remain of the seat of the Kerdiston family, whose manor-house Edward III. permitted to be converted into a castle. CLAXTON, a chapelry, in the parish of Bossall, union of York, wapentake of Bulmer, N. riding of York, 8j miles (N. E. by E.) from York ; containing 168 inhabitants. The township comprises by computa- tion 813 acres of land : the village is situated about a mile to the east of the road between York and Malton. The petty-sessions for the division are held at Lobster House. The chapel is a small edifice. There are places of worship for Wesleyans and Primitive Methodists ; and a school, built by subscription in 1824, is supported by James Walker, Esq., J.P., of Sand-Hutton Hall. CLAYBROOKE (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Lutterworth, comprising the townships of Great and Little Claybrooke, the chapelry of Wigston Parva, the hamlet of Ullesthorpe, and the liberty of Bittesby, in the hundred of Guthlaxton, S. division of the county of Leicester ; and the chapelry of Wibtoft, in the Kirby division of the hundred of Knightlow, N. division of the county of Warwick ; the whole con- taining 1417 inhabitants, of whom 519 are in the town- ship of Great Claybrooke, 4|- miles (N. W. by W.) from Lutterworth. The parish is situated on the road from London to Hinckley and Atherstone ; the surface is pleasingly undulated, and the soil is in some few places sandy, but in general a rich loam. A part of the popu- lation is employed in the stocking manufacture, which is carried on to a considerable extent. The Midland- Counties’ railway passes through the parish. The living is a vicamge, valued in the king’s books at £30. 10. 5., and in the patronage of the Crown ; impropriators, Earl of Denbigh and Trinity College, Cambridge; net CLAY CLAY income, £451. The church is at Little ClaybrOoke, and is partly in the decorated and partly in the later English style. There are chapels of ease at Wibtoft and Little Wigston. A school was endowed by Mark Smith with £26 per annum, and is otherwise maintained by an annual sum of £9, left by Alderman Newton 5 and J. E. Dicey, Esq., of Claybrooke Hall, has erected a school for females, Which he supports. This was the Roman station Benonce, or Vennones ; and at a place termed High Cross, two miles westward, two great Roman roads in- tersect, which traversed the kingdom obliquely. CLAYBROOKE, LITTLE, a township, in the parish of Claybrooke, union of Lutterworth, hundred of Guthlaxton, S. division of the county of Leicester, 4 miles (N. W. by N.) from Lutterworth ; containing 104 inhabitants. CLAYCOATON.— See Coaton-Clay. CLAYDON, a chapelry, in the parish of Cropredy, union and hundred of Banbury, county of Oxford,. 6^ miles (N.) from Banbury 5 containing 337 inhabitants. The chapel is dedicated to St. James. The village is situated in the northern extremity of the county : a small spring which rises in it has the peculiarity of emit- ting the largest quantity of water in the driest weather. Here are found the pyrites aureus, or golden firestone 5 also the asteria, or star- stone, called by Gesner sigillum stellce, from its use in sealing : in splitting some of these, the figure of a rose is plainly discernible. CLAYDON (St, Peter), a parish, in the union and hundred of Bosmere and ClaydoN, E. division of Suf- folk, 3| miles (N. N. W.) from Ipswich 5 containing 418 inhabitants. The Stow-Market and Ipswich navigation crosses the parish. The living is a rectory, with that of Akenham united, valued in the king’s books at £10, and in the patronage of Miss Drury : the tithes of the two parishes have been commuted for £510, and there are 31 acres of glebe in Claydon, and 20 in Akenham. The church stands on a very high site, commanding an extensive prospect : the parsonage-house and grounds, which adjoin the churchyard, are very neatly arranged, and ornamented with fine timber. There are schools in union with the National Society. CLAYDON, EAST (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Winslow, hundred of Ashendon, county of Buckingham, 2f miles (S. IV. byW.) from Winslow; containing 378 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, annexed to that of Steeple-Claydon, and valued in the king’s books at £7. 17. The church was demo- lished during the parliamentary war, by Cornelius Hol- land, one of the judges who sat upon the trial of Charles I. An infants’ school is supported by subscription. CLAYDON, MIDDLE (All Saints), a -parish, in the hundred of Ashendon, union and county of Buck- ingham, 4 miles (W. S. W.) from Winslow; containing 127 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £15; net income, £540; patron. Sir Harry Verney. The church contains a monument to the memory of Sir Edmund Verney, standard-bearer to Charles I., who was killed at the battle of Edge-Hill, in 1642 ; and a monument, by Chantrey, to Gen. Sir Harry Calvert, adjutant-general of the British army, and father of Sir Harry Verney, the present baronet. A school is chiefly supported by Sir H. Verney ; and almshouses for six widows were built in 1694, by Sir Ralph Verney, who endowed them with a rent-charge of £15. 12. 607 CLAYDON, STEEPLE (St, Michael), a parish, in the union, hundred, and county of Buckingham, 5j miles (W.) from Winslow ; containing 849 inhabitants. At the period of the Conquest, this was the most popu- lous place in the hundred ; in an adjoining \vood, an earthen vessel filled with coins of Carausius and Alectusy has been discov^ered. The living is a vicarage,, with that of East Claydon annexed, valued in the king’s books at £13. 3. 9.; net income, £300; patron. Sir Harry Ver- ney, Bart. The tithes were commuted for land and a corn-rent, in 1795. Thomas Chaloner, Esq., in 1656,. built a school-house, and endowed it with £12 per an^ num ; but the gift has long been lost. CLAYHANGER (St, Peter), a parish, in the union of Tiverton, hundred of Bampton, Cullompton and N. divisions of Devon, 4|- miles (E. by N.) from Bamp- ton ; containing 294 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the new road from Wiveliscombe to Barn- staple, comprises by measurement 2082 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £15. 7. 3j. ; net income, £273 ; patron. Rev. W. M. Harrison. The church contains a rood-loft and an an- cient oak screen elaborately carved ; it formerly belonged to the Knights Templafs, who had a preceptory here. There is a place of worship for dissenters ; and a school,, founded in 1747, has a small endowment. CLAYHEDON (St, Andrew), a parish, in the union of Wellington, hundred of Hemyock, Cullomp- ton and N. divisions of Devon, 4 miles (S. S. E.) from Wellington ; containing 849 inhabitants, and comprising 50S9a. 2r. 35p. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £38. 5. ; patron and incumbent. Rev. J. Clarke, whose tithes, have been commuted for £600, and whose glebe consists of 110 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is a neat plain edifice. A school was endowed with £110, by Mary Waldron, in 1749 ; and a national school is partly supported by the rector. CLAY-Lx\NE, a township, in the parish of North Wingfield, union of Chesterfield, hundred of Scarsdale, N. division of the county of Derby, 5^ miles (S.) from Chesterfield ; containing 1478 inhabit- ants. A school is endowed With £15. 15. per annum, accruing from land." CLAYPOLE (St, Peter), a parish, in the union of Newark, wapentake of Loveden, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 5 miles (S. E.) from Newark ; con- taining 663 inhabitants. It is intersected by the river Witham. A small portion of the population is employed in weaving yarn. Oliver Cromwell is supposed to have slept at this place on the night previous to the siege of Newark, in an ancient house near the river, which still remains. The living is a rectory in medieties ; the north mediety is valued in the king’s books at £16. 8. 4., and the south at £15. 15. ; net income of the north, £389, and of the south, £348 ; patron^ J. P. Plumtre, Esq. The tithes were commuted for land, in 1769. The church is ah ancient structure, in the early and decorated Eng- glish styles, with a square embattled tower, surmounted by a beautiful spire. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans ; and two schools are partly supported by the Heron family. CLAYTHORPE, a chapelry, in the parish of Bel- LEAu, union of Louth, Marsh division of the hundred of Calceworth, parts of LindSey, county of Lincoln, CLAY CLAY 4 miles (N. W. by W.) from Alford j containing 69 in- habitants. The tithes have been commuted for £165. There is a national school. CLAYTHORPE, a hamlet, in the township and pa- rish of Burton-in-Kendal, Lonsdale ward, county of Westmorland, 1 mile (N. E. by N.) from Burton- in-Kendf^l. About a mile from the village is Farlton Knot, a huge limestone mountain, resembling in form the rock of Gibraltar. On the edge of another mountain is a natural curiosity, called Claythorpe Clints, consist- ing of a limestone rock, forming an inclined plain to the horizon, deeply rent in many places by the sup- posed ebbing of a great body of water, or the retiring of the ocean, by which it is conjectured that this, with some other plains in the neighbourhood, was once covered. CLAYTON, a township, in the parish and union of Stoke-upon-Trent, N. division of the hundred of PiREHiLL and of the county of Stafford, 2 miles (S. by E.) from Newcastle j containing 155 inhabitants. CLAYTON {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Cuckfield, hundred of Buttinghill, rape of Lewes, E. division of Sussex, 9,^ miles (S. S. E.) from Hurst-Pierrepoint •, containing 747 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Brighton to London, by way of Cuckfield, and intersected by the London and Brigh- ton railway, which proceeds for about a mile and a quarter under Clayton Hill, through a tunnel that com- mences near the church. The southern portion .of the parish is fine down, and the northern comprises some rich arable, pasture, and woodland 5 the scenery is pleas- ing, and the views from Clayton Hill are extensive and interesting. Fairs are held on St. John’s Common for cattle and sheep, on the 6 th of July, and the 26th of September. The living is a rectory, with that of Key- mer annexed, valued in the king’s books at £ 21 . 0 . 10 ., and in the patronage of Brasenose College, Oxford : the tithes have been commuted for £400, and the glebe comprises 25 acres 5 certain impropriate tithes have also been commuted for £39. The church is of the early English style, with some Norman details, of which the principal is a fine arch separating the chancel from the nave 5 it was repaired and beautified in 1838. A school is supported by subscription. The Roman road from Portus Adriani passed over Clayton Hill to St. John’s Common, and on opening a barrow near Clayton wind- mill, in 1805, the remains of a camp kitchen were found, in which was a vessel of embaked clay, containing bones of various animals. In the rectory grounds, some years since, a Roman bath was discovered by the plough, with a beautifully tessellated pavement 3 celts and various Druidical relics have been found near Layton Mill, and numerous fossils in the chalk-pits. CLAYTON, a township, in the parish and union of Bradford, wapentake of Morley, W. riding of York, 3| miles (W. by S.) from Bradford 3 containing 4347 in- habitants. This place, which is noticed in the Domes- day survey, where it is written Claitons, as part of the manor of Bolton, comprises by computation 1600 acres, of which about 150 are arable, and the remainder high land, affording tolerable pasture, with four or five acres of wood. It contains the straggling villages of Clayton and Clayton- Heights, situated on the acclivities, and part of Queen’s-Head, on the summit, of a bold emi- nence 3 and the population is chiefly employed in the 608 manufacture of worsted goods, and in hand-loom weav- ing. There are seven quarries of slate and flagstone, of which two are woi'ked underground 3 the stone is of excellent quality, and is brought up through a shaft in the same manner as coal 3 and in the upper part of the township, called the Mountain, is a valuable coal-mine, at present wrought. The Leeds and Halifax old road passes through the place. A lecture-room has been fitted up by the members of the Establishment, until a church can be obtained. There are places of worship for Baptists and Wesleyans. CLAYTON (All Saints), with Frickley, a parish, in the union of Doncaster, N. division of the wapen- take of Strafforth and Tickhill, W. riding of York, 9 miles (E. by N.) from Barnsley 3 containing 316 inha- bitants. The prioress of Hampole anciently had some land here 3 and the manor perhaps belonged at one period to St. Sepulchre’s chapel, York. There was for- merly a chapel, which was in use in the 17 th century, when the Parliamentary Commissioners reported that it was served by the minister of Frickley, without any revenue, and that, as the chief part of the parishioners lived at Clayton, it would be expedient to make that place the ecclesiastical head, and Frickley subordinate. The village, which is usually called Clay ton-in-the- Clay, is pleasant, and is situated nearly a mile to the west of the church. The living is a perpetual curacy, annexed to that of Frickley : the tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, under an inclosure act, in 1814. CLAYTON- GRIFFITH, a township, in the parish of Trentham, union of Stone, N. division of the hundred of PiREHiLL and of the county of Stafford 3 contain- ing 56 inhabitants. CLAYTON-LE-DALE, a township, in the parish, union, and Lower division of the hundred, of Black- burn, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 4j miles (N. by W.) from Blackburn 3 containing 511 inha- bitants. CLAYTON-LE-MOORS, a township, in the parish of Wh ALLEY, union, and Lower division of the hundred, of Blackburn, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 5| miles (N. E. by E.) from Blackburn 3 containing 2602 inhabitants. A district church has been recently built. Three schools are supported by subscription, and at Enfield is a Roman Catholic chapel. CL AYTON-LE- WOODS, a towmship, in the parish and hundred of Leyland, union of Chorley, N. divi- sion of the county of Lancaster, 3f miles (N. by W.) from Chorley 3 containing 795 inhabitants. The .tithes have been commuted for £182, of which £100 are payable to the impropriator, and £82 to the vicar of the parish. There is a school, with an endowment of £ 9 . fi. per annum. CLAYTON, WEST, a township, in the parish of High Hoyland, wapentake of Staincross, W. riding of York, 9 miles (S. E. by E.) froni Huddersfield 3 con- taining 1440 inhabitants. The township is situated on the Wakefield and Denby-Dale road, and comprises by computation 1080 acres, belonging to various pro- prietors, under the Earl of Scarborough, who is lord of the manor : several coal-mines are in operation. The manufacture of fancy silk and worsted goods, for waist- coats, trowsers, and ladies’ dresses, is carried on to a considerable extent, and large mills have been erected for these branches of industry, in which the greater part C L E A CLEG of the population is employed : there is an extensive worsted spinning-mill, belonging to Messrs. Wood and Walker ; and clogs are also manufactured. The village is situated on a declivity, and the surrounding scenery is pleasingly diversified. There are places of worship for Independents, Baptists, Wesley ans, and Methodists of the New Connexion ; and some trifling benefactions are distributed among the poor. CLAYWORTH {St, Peteu), a parish, in the union of East Retford, North-Clay division of the wapentake of Bassetlaw, N. division of the county of Notting- ham, 6 miles (N. N. E.) from East Retford j containing 627 inhabitants. This parish, which is bounded on the west by the river Idle, and intersected by the Chesterfield canal, comprises the townships of Clayworth and Wiseton, the former containing 2076, and the latter 930, acres of fertile land, the soil of Clayworth being a rich clay, and that of Wiseton, a fine red sandy mould. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £26. 10. 10. 5 net income, £604, with a house ; patron. Dean of Lin- coln. The tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £3. 5. only, the greater part of the parish being tithe- free under an inclosure act, passed at the close of the last century, when 281 acres were allotted to the in- cumbent, now called Clayworth-high-field, or the Tithe- farm, The church contains many ancient monumental inscriptions. There is a place of worship for Wesley- ans. The Rev. William Sampson, in I700, bequeathed land, producing £57 per annum, as an endowment for a school. CLEADON, a township, in the parish of Whit- burn, union of South Shields, E. division of Chester ward, N. division of the county of Durham, 3^ miles (N. by W.) from Sunderland j containing 257 inhabit- ants. Cleadon, or, as anciently written, Clivedon, Tower, which was taken down at the close of the last century, is mentioned so early as 1587, and was a square building of two stages, leaded, and with a spiral stone staircase to the top 5 it was attached to the east end of the present old mansion, and commanded a very extensive prospect. Limestone is obtained 5 and near Marston rock is found a species of indurated marl, in thin laminse, very pliant, and hence termed flexible limestone. A small school on the national plan has been established. CLEARWELL, a chapelry, in the parish of New- LAND, union of Monmouth, hundred of St. Briavell’s, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 7 miles (W. by N.) from Blakeney 5 containing 674 inhabitants. A considerable number of persons belonging to Clearwell are employed in the coal and iron-mines in the parish, and in the adjacent forest of Dean. A church has been built and endowed, containing 460 sittings, 3S0 of which are free, the Incorporated Society having, in 1 829, granted £400 towards defraying the expense. There is a curious stone cross. CLEASBY, a parish, in the union of Darlington, wapentake of Gilling-East, N. riding of York, 3^ miles (W. byS.) from Darlington 3 containing 164 inhabitants. The parish is bounded on the north by the river Tees, and comprises by computation 839 acres, mostly arable land } the surface is generally flat, but with a singular and very high embankment, which runs through the parish on the south side j the scenery is pleasing and pictu- resque. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, VoL. I. — 609 £188; patrons. Dean and Chapter of Ripon. The ancient church, a small and inferior structure, rebuilt, with the parsonage-house, by Dr. John Robinson, a native of the parish, a distinguished plenipotentiary, and Bishop of London, was replaced, in 1828, by an edifice in a superior style of architecture, containing a curious monument to the prelate. Dr. Robinson also founded a school, in 1723, and endowed it with 16 acres of grass land, of the annual value of £22, free for six boys ; and Mrs. Cornwallis, a step-daughter of the bishop, left, in 1785, funds, now producing £10. 15. 2., for the relief of poor housekeepers. CLEATHAM, a township, in the parish of Manton, union of Glandford-Brigg, wapentake of Corring- HAM, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 6 miles (S. W.) from Glandford-Brigg ; containing 99 inhabit- ants. It comprises about 1087 acres, of which the soil is light and sandy. CLEATLAM, a township, partly in the parish of Staindrop, partly in that of Gainford, and partly (a small portion only) in that of .Winstone, union of Teesdale, S. W. division of Darlington ward, S. di- vision of the county of Durham, 2 miles (S. S. W.) from Staindrop ; containing 95 inhabitants. The town- ship comprises 1098a. Ir. 28p., of which 612 acres are arable, 45 1 meadow and pasture, and 34 woodland ; the soil is mostly a strong clay, and the surface chiefly ele- vated ground, commanding extensive views of the sur- rounding country, including the castles and parks of Raby and Streatlam, and in the distance the Cleveland hills : freestone is quarried for building purposes. In the centre of the village is an ancient cross. The tithes have been commuted for £152. 12. 8., of which £131. 12. 8. are payable to the rector of Winstone, and £21 to the vicar of Gainford : the Duke of Cleveland is impropriator of the tithes payable from the lands situate in the parish of Staindrop. CLEATOR {St. Leonard), a parish, in the union of Whitehaven, Allerdale ward above Derwent, W. division of Cumberland, 5 miles (S. E. by S.) from Whitehaven; containing 763 inhabitants. The manor- house was burnt about 1315, by a party of Scots under James Douglas. The parish comprises 2693a. Ir. 38p., of which about 1162 acres are arable, 32 wood, and 1500 inclosed common. Coal, limestone, and iron-ore are wrought, and a great quantity of lime is burnt and sent to Scotland : here are also forges for the manu- facture of spades and other edge-tools, besides an extensive establishment for spinning hemp and tow, making sewing-thread, &c. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £77 , patron and impropriator, T. R. G. Braddyll, Esq. The church was rebuilt in 1841, when 272 sittings were added, of which 243 are free, the Incorporated Society having granted £250 in aid of the expense. A Roman causeway formerly passed through the parish, from Egremont to Papcastle, near Cocker- mouth, but few traces of it are apparent. CLECKHEATON, a township, in the parish of Birstal, union of Bradford, wapentake of Morley, W. riding of York, 9 miles (W.) from Leeds ; contain- ing 4299 inhabitants. This township, which is situated in a rich and fertile vale, includes the hamlets of Oaken- shaw and Scholes, and comprises by admeasurement 1 686 acres ; Miss Currer is lady of the manor. Several coal-mines of excellent quality are in operation, and a 4 I C L E E 0LEE quarry of freestone of inferior kind is worked. From its favourable situation on the Leeds and Elian d^ Leeds and Halifax, and Bradford and Dewsbury roads, the place is well adapted for the woollen and worsted manufac- tures, which^ together with the making of cards and machinery used in the woollen trade, are carried on to a great extent ; the chief establishments being the worsted- mills of Messrs. Anderton and Sons, andl Messrs. Atkin- son and Son : there are also two iron-foundries. Vast quantities of cloth for the army are made. The village is situated on the slope of a Hill commanding a fine view of the vale, of which the acclivities are richly wooded; and of the surrounding country, which abounds with picturesque scenery ; it is neatly built, and well lighted with gas,, from works/ established, in 1837, at an expense of £4000; by a proprietary of £10 shareholders 5 a news- room^ is supported by subscription, and a mechanics’ in- stitution was established in 1838. Considerable improve- ments have recently taken place in the village, and nu- merous villas; have been erected in the immediate vici- nity. Fairs for cattle, which are well attended, are held on the first Thursday in April, and on the last Thursday in August. The chapel, called the White chapel, about a mile from the village, was rebuilt, about a century since, by Dr. Richardson, of Bierley, and again, on a larger scale, in 18^1 3 it is a neat edifice, in the early English style, and contains 800 sittings, of which 186 are free. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of Miss Currer ; net income, £150, A district church, dedicated to St. John, was erected, on a site given by the late Mrs. Beaumont, of Bretton Hall, by a grant from the Parliamentary Commissioners, at an expense of £^700, and consecrated in 1832 ; it is in the early English Style, with a square embattled tower crowned by pin- nacles, and contains 500 sittings, of which 60 are free. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Vicar of Birstal ; net income, £150, with a glebe-house. There are places of worship for Independents and Wes- leyans. A national school was erected, in 1834, at an expense of £600, and a British and an infants’ school, with a house for the master, were erected on a site given b)^ A. Dixon, Esq., in 1835, at an expense of £900. There were formerly some remains of a Roman camp, which have long been obliterated by the plough, and many coins, chiefly of the Lower Empire, have been found on the site. Several coins were also discovered in earthen jars near Scot Lane, in 1818 and 1830; CLEE (Holy Trinity), a parish, in the parliamentary borough of Grimsby, union of Caistor, wapentake of Bradley-Haverstoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lin- coln, 2 miles (S.E.by E.) from Grimsby ; containing, with the township of Cleethorpe, and the hamlets of Thrunscoe and Weelsby, 1002 inhabitants, of whom 778 are in Clee- thorpe. The parish is bounded by the river Humber on the north and east, and comprises by computation 3400 acres, of which the surface is rather flat, excepting to- wards the sea, where there is a considerable elevation, commanding a fine view of the Yorkshire coast and Ger- man Occam An act for inclosing land was passed in 1840. In the parish are many of the fountains called Blow Wells, which are deep circular pits, supplying a continual flow of water. The living is a discharged vicar- age, valued in the king’s books at £8 ; net income, £93'; patron and appropriator. Bishop of Lincoln : there is 610 about an acre of glebe. The church has some fine Nor-, man piers and arches, and an ancient circular font : an inscription on one of the pillars in the south aisle con- tains a memorial of the dedication of the church to the Holy Trinity in the reign of Richard the First, 1192;, There is a place of worship for Wesley ans ; also a national school, supported hy subscription ; and boys between the ages of seven and fourteen are eligible to> the grammar school in. the neighbouring parish of Humberston. CLEE (St. Margarets), w parish; in the union of Ludlow, hundred of Munslow, S. division of Salop, 8^ miles (N. E. by N.) from Ludlow ; containing 269- inhabitants. The living is a perpetual, curacy, valued in the king’s books at £2. 8. 4.; net income, £172; pa- trons, Representatives of J. C, Pelham, Esq. There is a place of worship for Roman Catholics at Clee Hills. CLEER, ST., a parish, in the union of Liskeard, hundred of West, E. division of Cornwall, 2f miles. (N.byW.) from Liskeard; containing 1412 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 4000 acres, the chief part of which is uninclosed common and: coppice, with some oak woods; the soil in general is: light, with the excep- tion of some boggy peat soil : there is a great quantity of granite, locally termed moor- stone; and porphyry ; and a copper-mine has recently been opened.. The river Fowey runs through the parish, and several rivulets empty themselves near Looe. The living is a vicarage,- valued in the king’s books at £19- 6. 8., and in the patronage of the Crown ; impropriator, E. P. Bastardy Esq. : the great tithes have been commuted for £330, and the vicarial for £330 ; the impropriate glebe con- tains 2 acres ; there is a good glebe-house. The church is a handsome and spacious structure, in the early Eng- lish style. A school is partly supported by subscription. There are a few chalybeate springs in the parish ; also an ancient Druidical monument, called the Hurlers, consisting of rude upright stones arranged in three cir- cles, their centres in at right line, and the middle' circle the largest. CLEETHORPE, a township, in the parish of Clee, union of Caistor, wapentake of Bjiadley-Haverstoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 3 miles (E. S.E.) from Great Grimsby; containing 803. inhabitants. This place, which comprises the hamlets of Far and Near Cleethorpe, contains about 7 00 acres of land^ and is pleasantly situated on the south shore of the Humber, near the confluence of that river withThe German Ocean. It is much resorted to as a* bathing; pi ace, for which it is highly eligible ; the air is pure, and the scenery good ; and for the accommodation of visiters, there is, besides a few lodging-houses and smaller inns, a large hotel, built some years since, on an eminence, embracing ex- tensive views of the sea, the Humber, and the Yorkshire coast. , Many of the population are employed in the oyster fisheries. There is a place of worship for Wes- leyans ; and a School is supported by subscription. CLEEVE, BISHOP’S (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Winchcomb, forming the hundred of ClbeVe, or Bishop’s-Cleeve, in the E. division of the county of Gloucester ; comprising the township of Bishop’ s-Cleeve, and the hamlets of Gotherington, Stoke- Orchard^ Southam with Brockhampton, and W oodman- cote ; and containing 3 944 inhabitants, of whom 682 are^ in the township of Bishop’s-Cleeve,, 3 miles (N. by E;) C L E E C L EM from Cheltenham. This parish derives its name Clive or Glee ve from the Saxon CliVi “ a steep ascent/’ and its adjunct, distinguishing it from Prior-Cleeve, from its having been the property of the Bishops of Worcester, whose 'ancient palace is now the rectory-house : it com- prises 874:6a, Ir, 2p., of which more than 1000 acres are common. The village is seated on an eminence, on the road from Cheltenham to Evesham ; and races are annually held on Cleeve Cloud Hill. The Birmingham and Gloucester railway crosses the common. The diving is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £84. 6. 8. 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. W. L. Townsend, D.D! : the rectorial tithes have been commuted for £1278, and the impropriate for £107. 6., and there are 181 acres of rectorial glebe. The church is a curious and spacious structure, principally of Norman architecture, with a moble arch of exquisite workmanship in that style over the western entrance : the spire fell down in I696, and caused considerable dilapidation, but,' in I7OO, it was replaced by the tower that now rises from the centre :of the building, which underwent a thorough repair at the same time. ,, There is a chapel of ease at Stoke- .©rchard. On the ridge. of Cleeve Cloud Hill is a targe idouble intrenchment, called the Camps, in the form of .a crescent, 350 yards in length, but accessible only in ’front. Within the limits of the parish are some springs, the water of which is strongly saline. CLEEVE, CHAPEL, a hamlet, in the parish of Old Cleeve, union of Willitgn, hundred of Wtlliton andEnEEMA'NNERS, W. division of Somerset, miles (E.) from Dunster. The chapel, which gave to this place its idistinguishing appellation, wrs dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, but has long since fallen to ruin 3 it stood >on .a rock, and. was the resort of numerous pilgrims. CLEEVE, OLD (St. Andrew) ^ parish, in the union df Williton, hundred of Williton and Free- ;manners, W, division of Somerset, 18 miles (N. W.) from Taunton 3 containing 1351 inhabitants. The parish adjoins the Bristol Channel, and is remarkable for its craggy rocks, which abound with alabaster 5 it comprises by .measurement 4700 acres, whereof about 2900 are arable, 1500 meadow, pasture, and orchard, 200 wood- land, and 100 uninclosed. Cn the beach a great quan- tity of kelp is gathered and burnt, previously to being ^old in the market at Bristol. Eodging-houses have been erected for the accommodation of persons resorting ihither''for the benefit of sea-bathing. The living is a idischarged vicarage, endowed with the rectorial tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £7 3 patron and in- cumbent, Rev. W. Newton, whose tithes have been com- muted Tor £600, and whose glebe comprises 3^ acres, to which there is a glebe-house. There is a place of wor- ship Tor Wesleyans. A Cistercian abbey, in honour of the Virgin Mary, was founded here, in 1 188, by William de Romara, the revenue of which, in 1634, was valued at £155. 9. 4“. : there are still some remains, part having been converted into a private mansion, called Cleeve Abbey. CLEEVE, PRIOR {St. Andrew) ^ a parish, in the union of Evesham, Upper division of the hundred of OswALDSLOW, locally in the Upper division of that of BLACKENHURSTjiPershorennd E. divisions of the county of Worcester, 5^ miles (N. E.) from Evesham 3 con- taining 366 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the navigable river Avon, which here receives the waters of 611 the Arrow, on its first entering the county 5 it comprises 1454a. 3r. 17 t>., and the soil is a rich clayey loam, rest- ing upon blue limestone. There are quarries of lias and blue limestone, which are wrought Tor building, slabs for hearth-stones and various other purposes, and a species of marble susceptible Df a bigh polish, and re- sembling that of Derbyshire. The village is beautifully situated on an . eminence, rising from ^the southern bank of the Avon 3 the grounds immediately around it are fiat, and the meadows occasionally subject to fioods. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £83 net income, £1563 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Worcester : the tithes were com- muted for land in 1775. The church is an ancient struc- ture, in the early English style, with a handsome square embattled tower. In working the quarries, in 1812, two earthen jars were discovered at a depth of three feet from the surface, having Roman coins in a state of good preservation 3 one jar contained gold and the other silver coins, of the reigns of Gratian, Valentinian, and Theo- dosius. ULEHONGER (All Saints), a parish, in the hun- dred of Webtree, union and county of Hereford, 3| tmiles (W. S. W.) from Hereford 3 containing 396 inha- bitants. The parishes situated on the right bank of the river Wye, which bounds it on the north 3 it is inter- sected by the road from Hereford to Hay, and consists of .1888 acres. The living is a discharged vicarage, va- lued in the king’s books at £4. 4. 2.,^and in the gift of the Dean. of Hereford : the appropriate tithes have been commuted for £180, and the vicarial for £164. 15., and the glebe consists of an acre. CLEMENT’S (ST.), a parish, in the union of Trtjro, W. division of the hundred of Powder and of the county of Cornwall 3 containing 3436 inhabitants. This parish, of which a very considerable, and by far the most populous, portion adjoins the town of Truro, com- prises by computation 3200 acres 3 the surface is hilly, but of moderate elevation, and the soil is generally fer- tile, more especially in those parts bordering on the Town, where some of the meadow land is let at £12 per acre. The grounds are watered by two small rivulets, The one called the Tresillian river, which falls into an arm of the sea at the north-east extremity of the parish, .and the other called the Alleyn, which fiows by Truro, and bounds the parish on the south-west. Polwhele, anciently sa castle of some strength, and isub^quently the family seat of the ancestors of the historian of the county of Cornwall, was the temporary residence of -Charles I., who, for a short time, took r^uge here after his defeat in 1646 3 it has been much improved, and is mow occupied by Major Polwhele. The living is a vicar- age, valuM in the king’s books at £9, and in the patron- age of the Crown, in right of the duchy of Cornwall 3 net income, £243 3 impropriators, H. P. Andrew, Esq., and Heirs of Mr. Vivian. The church, a plain neat structure, with a tower, contains a handsome monument to Samuel Thomas, Esq., one of the last and best works of the eminent artist Bacon, and a monument of white nrarble, executed in Italy, and inscribed by Admiral Lord Exmouth, to the memory of Rear-Admiral Rey- nolds, who was shipwrecked on board the St. George of #8 guns, off the coast of Jutland, on the 24th of De- cember, 1811. There are some mineral springs in the parish. 4 12 C L E N C L E O CLEMENT’S (ST.), a parish, in the union of Head- GTON, hundred of Btjllingdon, county of Oxford 3 ntaining 17^9 inhabitants. The parish is bounded on e west by the Cherwell, over which is a neat stone idge leading into the city of Oxford. Near the bridge, iths on an extensive scale have been constructed. The dng is a rectory not in charge, in the patronage of the 'own, with a net income of £120. From the inade- late accommodation which the old church afforded, a iW building, in the Norman style, has been erected by bscription, on ground given by Sir Joseph Lock ; it situated near the margin of the Cherwell, and, as seen 5m Magdalene bridge, forms an interesting feature in e vale. Stone’s hospital, for poor persons, was founded irsuant to the will of the Rev. William Stone, Principal New Inn Hall, dated May 12th, 1685, for eight □men ; and Boulter’s almshouses were established, ;reeably to the will of Cutler Boulter, dated March ist, 1736, for eight single men. Various lands and nements, producing at present about £14 per annum, it capable, on the expiration of the present leases, of crease to the amount of £300 per annum, have been ft, in equal moieties, for the benefit of the poor, and r repairing the church. Adjoining the parish, but on tra- parochial ground, is the hospital of St. Barth olo- ew, founded by Henry I., in 1126, for infirm lepers, id which, having suffered considerable impoverishment, IS granted by Edward III. to Oriel College, on condi- gn that the society should maintain a chaplain and ^ht almsmen in perpetuity. About the time of the sge of Oxford, the house was demolished, and rebuilt / the society, in 1649 3 the remains are now appro- 'iated to stabling and cow-houses. Here were pre- Tved relics of various saints, the supposed efficacy which, in performing miraculous cures, attracted amerous pilgrims. On the demesne lands of Mr. Drrell, a skeleton of a gigantic horse was discovered, 1821, completely caparisoned in the Roman cos- me, near the Roman road which passes through the ounds. CLENCHWARTON (St, Margaret), a parish, the union of Wisbech, hundred of Freebridge- ARSHLAND, W. division of Norfolk, 3 miles (W.) om Lynn 3 containing 597 inhabitants. At the time the Norman survey this place was called Ecleuuartnana, gnifying a watery situation by a river. The parish corn- rises by admeasurement about 2880 acres, two-thirds of hich are arable 3 160 acres consist of the old bed of the ver Ouse, formed into pasture ground 5 salt-marshes stend to the wash between Terrington and North Lynn, bout 1100 acres are titheable only to West and North ynn. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books ; £14. 6. 8., and in the patronage of Mrs. Goldfrap ; net icome, £337 : the glebe contains 32 acres. The church in the later English style, with a square embattled >wer. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. CLENNELL, a township, in the parish of Allenton, ftion of Rothbury, W. division of Cociuetdale ward, L division of Northumberland, 10:J miles (W. N. W.) “om Rothbury 3 containing 18 inhabitants. This place as the seat and manor of the ancient family of Clen- ell, and in the 18th of Edward I. was possessed by homas Clennell, who in that year obtained a grant of ree warren. Luke Clennell, Esq., who resided here, ^'as high sheriff of the county in 1727 3 and William 612 W^ilkinson, Esq., who came to the property by marriage, filled the same office in 1758. The township is now possessed by Anthony Wilkinson, Esq., of Coxhoe, Durham. It consists entirely of steep porphyritic hills, covered with short grass, and occupied as sheep-walks, and is situated on the east side of the Alwine, one mile north from Alwinton. CLENT (St, Leonard), a parish, in the union of Bromsgrove, S. division of the hundred of Seisdon, and of the county of Stafford, though locally in the Lower division of the hundred of Halfshire, Stour- bridge and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, 4 miles (S. S. E.) from Stourbridge 3 containing 918 in- habitants. It comprises 2365a. 2r. 33/?., of which about 1414 acres are arable, 565 pasture, 57 woodland, and 255 commons. The living is a vicarage, with that of Rowley-Regis annexed, valued in the king’s books at £8. 16. 5j., and in the patronage of the Crown ; impro- priator, J. Amphlett, Esq. The great tithes have been commuted for £340, and the vicarial for £312. There are places of worship for Baptists and Wesleyans. A free school was founded by John Ajpfiphlett, Esq., in 1704 3 and a Sunday school was established by Thomas Waldron, Esq., who, at his death, in 1800, bequeathed , £500 for its support. The infant king of Mercia, St. Kenelm, is supposed by some to have been murdered here, in 819, by order of his sister Quendrida, but the body, having been subsequently discovered, was buried in Winchcomb Abbey, which had been founded by his father ; others think that he was slain accidentally. CLEOBURY-MORTIMER (St. Mary), a market- town and parish, and the head of a union, in the hun- dred of Stottesden, S. division of Salop, 32 miles (S. S. E.) from Shrewsbury, and 137 (N. W.) from Lon- don, on the road to Ludlow 3 containing 1730 inhabitants. The name of this place is derived from its situation in a district abounding with clay, and from the Saxon word by rig, a town 3 the adjunct, by which it is distinguished from North Cleobury, in the same county, is taken from its ancient possessor, Ralph de Mortimer, who held it at the time of the general survey. Hugh de Mortimer, his son, built a castle here, but, having revolted in favour of the heir of Stephen, he fortified it against Henry II., who, with a powerful army, besieged and entirely de- molished it. During the war between Henry HI. and the barons, Cleobury suffered greatly from the incursions of the Welsh, who at that time made frequent irruptions into this part of the country. The town is situated on an eminence rising gradually from the western bank of the river Rea, over which is a neat stone bridge, and consists principally of one long street, containing many good houses, and the mutilated remains of an old cross 3 the inhabitants are plentifully supplied with excellent water from a spring that has its source in the Brown Clee hills, and falls into a spacious basin in the lower part of the town. From its retired situation, in a dis- trict almost inaccessible, in consequence of the badness of the roads, the trade is rapidly declining 5 formerly there were some important iron-works, but there are now only two forges. A few of the inhabitants are em- ployed in the manufacture of paper, for which there are two mills. On the Clee hills, about three miles west of the town, are large collieries, producing excellent coal 3 and on the higher part of them is a Remarkably fine, though not extensive, vein of cannel coal, of which many beau- CLER C L E R tiful specimens have been worked into snufiF-boxes and ornaments of various kinds. Common stone is also quarried. The market, granted to Sir Francis Lacon, in 1614, is held on Wednesday; the fairs are on April 21st, Trinity-Monday, and October 27th. The parish comprises about 6000 or 7000 acres. The LIVING is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13 ; net income, £448 ; patron, William Lacon Childe, Esq. ; impropriators, Earl of Craven, William L. Childe, Esq., and others, with the exception of the corn-tithes of a small part of the parish, which belong to the lay deacon. The church is an ancient structure, with a plain square tower, surmounted by an octagonal spire of wood, con- siderably curved from the perpendicular. There are two places of worship for Wesleyans ; and a Roman Catholic chapel is attached to Mawley Hall, the mansion of Sir Edward Blount, Bart., within a mile of the town. The free school was founded pursuant to the will of Sir Lacon William Childe, Knt., dated in 1714, whereby he bequeathed the residue of his personal estate, after the death of his lady, for its endowment : the income is about ,£500, including the interest of £1000 given by Mr. Ji m Winwood, in 1810. An infants’ school is endow 1 with £15 per annum. The poor law union, of wh ;h the town is the head, comprises 17 parishes or places, namely, 13 in the county of Salop, 3 in that of Worcester, and 1 in that of Hereford ; and contains a population of 8708. To the east of the free school are the remains of a Danish encampment ; and within the distance of a mile and a half were the three castles of Cleobury, Toot, and Walltown, of which there is not a single vestige. An old farm-house here is said to have been the first settlement of the Augustine friars. Robert Langford, author of the Visions of Pierce Plow- many a satirical poem on the clergy of the fourteenth century, was a native^ of the town. CLEOBURY, NORTH (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Bridgenorth, hundred of Stottesden, S. division of Salop, 1 mile (N. by E.) from Burwarton ; containing 176 inhabitants. It comprises by admeasure- ment 1145 acres, exclusive of about 430 of uninclosed land, forming part of the Brown Clee hill, once a forest, and which is the highest hill in the county, rising to an elevation of 1805 feet. Coal-mines are worked, but are supposed to be nearly exhausted ; and good stone is quarried for buildings. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 12. 3^., and in the gift of Henry George Mytton, Esq. : the glebe comprises 75 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church was enlarged and thoroughly unpaired in 1834. Upon the summit of the Brown Cb / hill are the remains of an encampment, partly in me parish of North Cleobury, supposed to be a work of the Britons, when besieged by the Roman army; and on the Burfs, which is the highest peak of the hill, and between a mile and a mile ^and a half distant from the village, is a poetical inscrip- tion, celebrating the independence, valour, and love of liberty of the ancient Britons, written by the Rev. Thomas Warter, a man of great literary attainments, and many years rector of this parish. CLERKENWELL, an extensive parish, in the Fins- bury division of the hundred of Ossulstone, county of Middlesex, separated from the city of London on the south by the intervening parish of St. Sepulchre, and on the west by the liberties of SalFron-Hill and Ely-Rents; 613 and containing, with the chapelry of Pentonville, 56,756 inhabitants. This place derives its name from an ancient well, round which the clerks, or inferior clergy, of Lon- don, were in the habit of assembling at certain periods, for the performance of sacred dramas, as noticed in the reign of Henry II. by Fitz-Stephen, under the appellation of Fons Clericorum ; and the site appears to have been well adapted to the purpose, being in the centre of gently rising grounds, that formed an extensive natural amphi- theatre, for the accommodation of the numerous specta- tors who attended. The most celebrated of these festi- vals occurred in 1391, reign of Richard II., and continued for three days, during which several sacred dramas were performed by the clerks, in presence of the king and queen, attended by the whole court. Soon after the year 1100, Jordan Briset and Muriel, his wife, founded a priory here for nuns of the Benedictine order, dedicated to St. Mary, the site of which is now occupied by St. James’ church ; the revenue, at the Dissolution, was £282. 16. 5. The same Jordan and his wife founded also an hospital for the Knights Hospitallers of the order of St. John of Jerusalem, which was munificently endowed with lands, and invested with many privileges by several successive monarchs ; the lord prior had pre- cedence of all lay barons in parliament, and power over all commanderies and smaller establishments of that order in the kingdom ; the revenue, at the Dissolution, was £2385. 12. 8. The institution was partly restored in the reign of Philip and Mary, but was suppressed in that of Elizabeth. The remains are, the gate, in the later English style, the greater part of which is now occupied as a tavern ; and the vaults of the old church, which were cleared out a few years since, when a beau- tiful crypt in the Norman style w^as discovered. St. John’s church was subsequently built upon this site. The establishment of these monasteries naturally drew around them some dependent dwellings, but the parish made little progress in the number of its inhabitants prior to the time of Elizabeth, in whose reign, besides several banquetting and summer houses,” it contained a few straggling cottages, and some good residences in the immediate neighbourhood of the religious houses : its increase was afterwards more rapid, and in 16 19 noblemen and gentlemen were among its inhabitants. Since that time, the formation of numerous streets, and the more recent laying out of Spafields and the New River Company’s estate, in a variety of new streets and squares, have rendered this one of the most populous districts in the vicinity of the metropolis. The PARISH is lighted with gas, and the pathways are well flagged and kept in repair, under the superin- tendence of two separate Boards of Commissioners, one for each division of the parish, appointed under special acts : it is within the limits of the new police esta- blishment. The inhabitants are supplied with water by the New River Company, whose works are situated in the parish, where the river terminates. This stupendous undertaking was projected in the reign of Elizabeth, and, in the following reign, James I. granted an act of ;parliament, enabling the mayor and commonalty of London to carry it into effect ; but the commissioners, dreading the difficulty and expense, made no advances for some years. In 1609, Hugh Myddelton, a citizen and goldsmith of London, made proposals to the com- mon-council of the city to undertake the work at his C LE R C E E R . own risk, and to complete it in four years, for which purpose the commissioners transferred to him the pnwers with which they had been invested by the act. After having persevered in the enterprise till the water was brought to Enfield, the city refusing io .grant him any pecuniary assistance, Myddelton applied to the king, who advanced sums of money, amounting in the whole to £6347, with which assistance the work was completed on the 29th of September, 1613. The river, from its source at Amwell, in Hertfordshire to Spafields, is 361- miles and 16 poles in lengthy there are nearly 300 bridges over it, and its course is continued through the varying levels of the districts through which it passes, by means of 40 sluices. The Regent’s Canal passes on the north side of the parish. Of the numerous Wells with which the parish abounded, several were in great repute for their medicinal pro- 'perties, and houses of public entertainment were erected near their site. Of these, which were generally tea- -gardens, and rendered more attractive by musical per- formances, the chief were Bagnigge Wells, White Con- duit House, and New Tunbridge Wells, or Islington .Spa, all still remaining. Of those which have for many .yearp sbeen discontinued were, the Pantheon, in Spa- ‘fip’ .s, now a chapel belonging to the Countess of Hunt- mgdon’s Connexion 5 the Cold Bath^ in Coldbath-Fields, of which the bath alone is still frequented 3 the Mul- berry and Vineyard gardens, now covered with build- ings, and of which the names probably denote the pur- pose to which the ground was anciently appropriated j the celebrated bear-garden at Hockley in the Hole and Sadler’s Wells, near the New River” Head, which has for many years been converted into a theatre for dra- matic representations. Fans Clericorum, or the Clerks' well, is supposed to have been situated in Ray-street, where the spot is marked by a pump, with an inscrip- tion ; but it is more probable that the original well, upon which a pump was afterwards erected, was in the centre of Clerkenwell Green, between the two religious, houses 3 which is partly confirmed by the tenor of a deed of grant of the ground, by the ancestor of the Marquess of Northampton, wherein the right is reserved to the inha- bitants of drawing water from this pump, the site of which is distinctly laid down in Stowe’s Survey of London. The manufacture of clocks and watches, of which the seve^ral parts form distinct and separate de- ipartments of the trade, kas for more than a century been carried on here to a considerable extent : when the duty on clocks and watches was imposed in 1791, not less than 7000 of the inhabitants were deprived of em- ployment, and obliged>^ nave recourse to parochial aid. There is -a large man .tCtoryfor tin goods, which .during the late war supplied fhe chief of the: government con- tracts 5 also some extensive distilleries and soap-manu- factories. The parish, with the exception of a detached portion of about 100 .acres, locally situated in the parish of Hornsey, was, by the act of the 2nd of William IV., cap. 45, constituted part of the newly-enfranchised borough of Finsbury, the elections for which take place on Glerkenwell Green. The sessions for the county, and the meetings of the magistrates for the assessment of the county rates, and for other affairs, are held at the .Sessions-house on the Green, which was erected at an .expense of £13,000, and was repaired and .beautified a few years since : it is a spacious and handsome edifice, 614 with a stone front, having in the centre four pillars of the Ionic order, rising from a rustic basement and sup- porting a pediment. A new police court for the district of Clerkenwell, the business of which was formerly car- ried on at Hatton^Garden, was built in Bagnigge Wells road, under the 2nd and 3rd of Victoria, cap. 71 , and was opened .December l6th, 1841 : the building, which is a neat structure, with a frontage of 260 feet, consists of two distinct parts almost perfectly square, united by a bold archway. The new prison, for the confinement of prisoners awaiting their trial at the sessions, was erected near the site of the old Bridewell, which was in- corporated . with the present building 3 it was enlarged and partly rebuilt in 1818, and considerably 'extended in 1830, by the removal of several adjoining houses. The house of correction for the county, in Coldbath- Fields, was erected in 1794, at a cost of £70,000, in- cluding the purchase of the site, and has lately been much enlarged 5 it is a spacious brick building, inclosed with high walls 3 the average number of prisoners is about 1000. The churches of St. James and St. John, formerly the only churches, have each a distinct parochial dis- trict, attached, and the parish of St. James is subdivided into three parts, viz., the district of St. James’, of St. Mark’s, and of St. Philip’s. The living of St. James' is a perpetual curacy, with Pentonville chapel 3 net income, £712 3 patrons, the Inhabitants of Clerkenwell: generally, paying church and poerr’s rates. The church is a modern structure of brick, with a handsome stone steeple, erected between the years 1788 and 1792, on the site of the ancient church of the priory of St. Mary, which had been previously modernised, and which, prior to its being taken down, for the erection of the present edifice, retained many vestiges of its Norman character, and contained the ashes of the las^t prioress of the nun- nery 3 the last prior of St. John’s 3 Weever, the anti- quary 5 Bishop Burnet, and many other distinguished characters. This conventual church, on being made parochial, at the time of the dissolution of the priory, was dedicated anew to St. James the Less. The living of St. John s'is a rectory not in charge, in the patronage of the Crown 3 net income, £260. The church, with large curtailments and alterations, is the choir of that once belonging to the priory of the Knights Hospitallers : the ancient edifice was purchased of the Aylesbury family, in 17^1, by Mr. :Simon Michell, who, having repaired the choir, built the present west front, and covered the whole with a new roof, disposed of the church, and adjoining grounds, in 1723, for £2950, to the commissioners for building fifty new churches in Queen Anne’s reign, who constituted it a parish church, and caused it to be consecrated on St. . John’:s-day, December 27th. Notwithstanding that it enjoys the pri- vilege of religious rites, the incumbent of St. J ames’ is entitled to the surplice fees, which he has received since the year 1771, when a lawsuit was : successfully prose- cuted for their recovery : there are separate churchwar- dens for St. John’s church, but the inhabitants of both districts contribute to the repairs of the two. churches, -and th^ same overseers of the poor act. for the whole. St. Mark's, district church, in Myddelton-square, con- taining 1622 sittings, of which 847 are free, was erected in 1826, by. a grant from the Parliamentary Commission- ers, ai" an expense of £16,000, and is a neat edifice, in C L E K c L.E v: tile later English; style, with a handsome western front, and^ a; square tower having pierced parapet and pinnar cles : the cost o£ furnishing it, which amounted toj £2000, was defrayed by ai rate voted by the vestry. The, living is a district incumbency 5 net income, £480 5; patron> Bishop of London* Philip! s, in, the later; English style, withn campanile turret, built in Granville^ square, at an expense of £4418, and to which an eccle-. siastical district has: been assigned out ojf the district parish of St. Mark^ was consecrated on: January Ist,: 1834, and was furnished by subscription : net income^ £420 5 patron, Bishop of London. The chapel at tonviiley a neat modern edifice of brick, ornamentednvithi stone, and having a small cupola,, was opened in I788,. under the provisions of the Toleration Act, and cour tinned as a private chapel tiU‘ 1791, when it was pur- chased: by the parish for £5000j and consecrated as ax chapel of ease to, St. James’. Spa-fields chapel, for^^ merly the Pantheon, as before noticed, was appropriated; for a place of worship by the late Countess- of Huntings don> who for many years occasionally resided at the. chapelrhouse adjoining; and at her decease here, in 179JV it was, agreeably to her will, vested? in trustees^ with other chapels in various parts of the kingdom;. There are likewise meeting-houses for Baptists;, the: Society of Friends, Independents, and Wesleyan andi other Methodists, besides a chapel in which the service is performed in Welsh;. The parish has; the right of sending six scholars to the free school, founded by Alice Owen, for natives; of this parish and of Islington ; and of having three boys: in Christ’s Hospital, the latter under the will of Giles Russell, Esqi, who;, in. 1664, devised property to that establishment, for nine hoys of the town of Sher- borne, in the county of Dorset, and of the parishes; of St. Anne, Blackfriars, and St. James, Clerkenwell; The: parochial school, founded about the year 1700,.hus re- cently been removed from the school-house in Aylesbury- street,, to more convenient premises in Am well- street, erected; in 1829; at an expense exceeding £3090, and forming a. spacious and handsome range of: building hr the. Elizabethan style, capable of accommodating 1000; children. A school at Pentonville.was instituted Jn 1783, and is in union with the National Society. The Spa?- fields charity school, and; the Claremont chapel school, are supported by subscriptions^ The London Female Penitentiary at Pentonville, established in 1807> is. a large range of building, comprising an infirmary, and apartments for 100 females. The Finsbury Dispensary was established in 1780;; it was removed; toj St.. John’s- street in 1819l and> to its present; situ in 1838,.. In addition*, tn the two religious establishments previously noticed*, a convent, of Benedictines was founded in St. John!s-square, in the reign of Janies II., by one /^ Father Corker;” which wns destroyed, in the revolhtionof 1688; A portion of the Roman Watling-street, and the; river of Wells (the Fleta of the Romans),, form; part of the boundaries of the^q)arish. Among the distinguished natives and residents; of Clerkenwell may be enumerated Sir Thomas Chaloner; Bi.shop Burnet, Sir John Old- castle,. and Baron Cobham ^ and Edward Cave,, who es- tablished the Gentleman s Magazine, had his printing- offiee in St. John’s gate, an engraving of which, has., since the commencement of that publication, adorned the first page of its numbers; 615 CLETHER. (ST.), a parish^ in the union of Camel-: FORD, hundred of Lesnewth^ E. division of Cornwall, T miles (E.) from Camelford ; containing 221 inhabit-; ants. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the: king’s books at £6.. 11. 10|. ; net income, £1.65; patrons, J. Carpenter andi T. J. Phillips, Esqrs. ; im- propriator, Perpetual Curate of St. Thomas’, near Laun-* ceston. CLEVEBON (St. Andh:ew)\ a- parish,, in tiie union of Bedminster,. hundred of Portbury, E. division of Somerset.^ 12 miles (W. by S.) from Bbistol ; oontainingf L748 inhabitants. This parish is pleasingly situated on the shore of the Bristol Channel, at the influx of' the river Yeb, and comprises 2986ia,. Ir. 20p., chiefly meadow and pasture land; the soil is^ various; consisting in nearly equal portions of sand,, loam, and clay;. From its favourable situation on the* coast, the village ha& lately become a bathitig-place ; the climate is remark- ably mild^j andi myrtles and other delicate shrubs flourish in; the open air at all- times of the year. Clevedon Court, the seat of Sir AbrahamjEltoU;, Bart., is a spacious^ ancient mansion, in> the later English; style;. and one of the' finest; specimens of the domestic style • if was exten- sively repaired by Sir J. Wake, then proprietor, in the? reign of Elizabeth, and isi beautifully situated on the southern slope of a. mountainous rangCi which bounds* the greater part of the hundred. A spacious hotel and several houses have been, recently erected^ near the shore, for the accommodation; of visiters; ‘ The living is a dis- charged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £15;. 14. 4. ; patron, and appropriator. Bishop of Glou^- cester and Bristol. The great tithes have been commu- ted for £120,- and the; vicarial ^r £500^; the glebe com- prises 10 acres, to which there is a glebe-house., The church> an ancient cruciform structure, with a. central tower, is situated on a commanding eminence on the shore of the channel, and at the western extremity of the village. A church, called Christ^ church, in the early English style, erected andi endowed chiefly at the expense of Gi W. Braikenridge,.Esq., was consecrated in August,. 183^. There is a place of worship for Inde^ pendents:;; also a national school. In, 1650, Thomas Gwilliam, or Philips, assigned six; acres of land, produ^ cing £ll per annum, for apprenticiug children.; in 1687» John, Earl: of Bristol; gave> £5. per annunr to the poor ; and), iir? 1727, Sir Abraham Elton bequeathed £5* per annum, for instruction^ . On- the summit of some of the hills are: remains of ancient lead^-minesj and cala^ miwnm has; been, found. GLETf^EDON, MILTONS {St.- a parish, in the .union; of Shepton-Mialle®,, hundred of Bruton> E.. division, of Somerset, miles^ (N; W. by N.) from Bruton ; containing 213; inhabitants; It is situated on the. road from Bruton* to Shepton-Mlallet, and under the western, declivity of the Bruton Hills : there are quar- ries of limestone, imbedded with numerous fossils, and which . is used for: building and burning into lime. The livingds a dischargedvicarage, valued in. the king’s; books at 13. 4.; patron and impropriator, the Earl of Ilchester: the vicarial tithes have been commutedfnr £204. 6.,. and there are 34^ . acres of glebe. The church is an; ancient structure, and contains; in the chancel; the recumbent figure of an ecclesiastic, with a chalice be- tween, the hands; There is a place of worship for Wes-^ leyanst. A Duchess of Hamilton, resided here, iu an CLEW C L I B nt mansion, that was taken down nearly a century . On Small Down are vestiges of a fortification, which skeletons of gigantic stature have been 1 . LEVELAND-PORT, a hamlet, in the parish of ESBY, union of Guisborough, W. division of the 'y of Langbaurgh, N. riding of York, 9 miles >y E.) from Stokesley ; containing 63 inhabitants, village is situated near the mouth of the Tees, ling a convenient point for shipping the greater of the produce of Cleveland Vale and the sur- ding neighbourhood, for the London and other :ets. 3LEVELEY, a hamlet, in the parish of Church- roNE, union of Chipping -Norton, hundred of DLiNGTON, county of Oxford, l| mile (E. S. E,) Neat-Enstone j containing 198 inhabitants. "LEVELODE, a chapelry, in the parish of Powick, n of Upton-on-Severn, Lower division of the ty of Pershore, Upton and W, divisions of the ty of Worcester, 6 miles (S. S. W.) from Worces- containing 31 inhabitants. It comprises between and 400 acres, chiefly meadow land ; the site is -ted, and the surface undulated, and in some parts mented with wood. The river Severn flows past ullage. This was formerly a separate rectory, and ited to have been annexed to Madresfield in 1595 : :hapel hRs been demolished. ^LEVELY, a township, partly in the parish of iERHAM, hundred of Lonsdale, south of the Sands, chiefly in the parish of Garstang, union of Gar- fG, hundred of Amounderness, N. division of the ity of Lancaster, 4 ^ miles (N. by E.) from Gar- g ; containing 124 inhabitants. :LEVERT0N, a hamlet, in the parish of Lea, n and hundred of Malmesbury, Malmesbury and ^swood, and N. divisions of Wilts, 3j miles (E. S. rom Malmesbury; containing 116 inhabitants. ^LEWER (St, Andrew) ^ a parish, in the union of DSOR, hundred of Ripplesmere, county of Berks, le (W.) from New Windsor ; containing 3975 inha- its. The parish, situated on the south bank of the nes, contains part of the town of Windsor, and corn- 's l666a. Ir. 12p., of which about two-thirds are low land, and nearly all the rest arable. On a nt roll of the 13th of Edward II. is a grant to John Hermit, of the chapel of St. Leonard, of Loffield, in dsor Forest, to inclose some land, parcel of the Bt, which probably gave name to St. Leonard’s Hill, legant mansion built by the Duchess of Gloucester, n Countess Waldegrave, on the site of a cottage. A t leet is held annually; and a fair for toys and ery takes place on the 29th of May. The living is a >ry, valued in the king’s books at £14. 1. 0|., and le patronage of Eton College : the tithes have been muted for £468. 19. 9., and the glebe contains ly 24| acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The ch contains several ancient memorials, among which some verses on a brass plate, commemorating Master ence, a famous archer, who shot a match against hundred men in Bray. There is a room in the Lge of Dedworth (one-half of which is in this parish), ised by the bishop for divine service, and also used m infants’ schoolroom ; it was erected by subscrip- , on land given by W. B. Harcourt, Esq., and is a 616 neat building, suitable for a small chapel of ease. A Roman Catholic chapel was erected and is supported at the sole expense of W. F. Riley, Esq. In 1809, Sir James Poultney, Bart., left by will £666. 13. 4. in the three per cent, consols., for a school; and, in 1815, Earl Harcourt conveyed two cottages, a schoolroom, and £500 Navy five per cents., for instruction. A mineral spring was recently discovered. CLEY {St. Margaret) ^ a small sea-port and parish, and formerly a market-town, in the union of Erping- HAM, hundred of Holt, W. division of Norfolk, 26 miles (N. N. W.) from Norwich, and 124 (N. N. E.) from London ; containing 828 inhabitants. In 1406, Prince James of Scotland, on his voyage to France, to receive his education, was driven by stress of weather upon this coast ; and being detained here, he was sent to London by order of Henry IV., who committed him to the Tower. The surface of the parish is boldly undulated, and some of the elevations command very fine views by sea and land. The town is situated on the banks of a small river that falls into the harbour, at the north- eastern extremity of the county, and consists principally of one street, in the centre of which is the custom- house, a neat and commodious edifice ; it is plentifully supplied with water from springs. The trade of the port, which is called Blakeney and Cley, consists prin- cipally in coal, timber and deals, hemp, iron, tar, tallow, oil-cakes, &c., of which the importation is considerable ; a small trade is also carried on in malt : the exports are chiefly corn and flour. The navigation of the Cley is both narrow and of small depth, but in its course to the sea it forms a junction with the Blakeney channel. Under an act of inclosure, obtained in 1822, a large quantity of land has been recovered from the sea by an embankment. The market, held on Saturday, has long fallen into disuse ; but a fair for horses is held on the last Friday and Saturday in July. The living is a rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £22. 13. 4., and in the patronage of John Winn Thomlinson, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £400, and the glebe com- prises 18^ acres. The church is a fine spacious struc- ture, in the early English style, with portions of later date ; the south porch is highly decorated, and has a fine groined roof ; the nave is lighted chiefly by oriel windows of elegant design ; the font is adorned with sculptured representations of the seven Sacraments of the Church of Rome. There are places of worship for Wesleyans and Primitive Methodists. CLEYGATE, a manor, in the parish of Thames- Ditton, Second division of the hundred of Kingston, union of Kingston, E. division of Surrey, if mile (E. S. E.) from Esher ; containing 940 inhabitants. CLTBURN (St. Cuthbert), a parish, in the West ward and union, county of Westmorland, 6 miles (S. E.) from Penrith ; containing 251 inhabitants. The parish is pleasantly situated between the rivers Eden and Lavennet, which bound it on two sides, and is inter- sected by the small river Lethe; it comprises 1769^3^. 2r. lip., whereof about 120 acres are woodland, and the remainder arable and pasture ; the soil is partly of a dry, light, and sandy quality, partly moor, and partly a strong loam. In the parish is the small hamlet of Gilshaughlin, where, during the prevalence of the plague at Appleby, in 1598, the market for that town was held. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s C L I F C L I F books at £9. 1. 5§. 3 net income, £1883 patron, the Bishop of Carlisle. The tithes were commuted for land in 1806. The church is a small neat edifice, with a low tower. A school is endowed with an allotment of land, producing £21 per annum. CLIDDESDEN, a parish, in the union and hundred of Basingstoke, Basingstoke and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, if mile (S. by W.) from Basing- stoke 3 containing 306 inhabitants. The living is a rec- tory, with that of Farleigh- Wallop united, valued in the king’s books at £ 10 . 16. 3., and in the gift of the Earl of Portsmouth, with a net income of £685 : the tithes of Cliddesden have been commuted for £550, and there is a glebe of 10 ^ acres. There is a school, endowed with £10 per annum by the Earl of Portsmouth. CLIFF, with Lund, a chapelry, in the parish of Hemtngbrough, union of Selby, wapentake of Ouse and Derwent, E. riding of York, 3^ miles (E.) from Selby 5 containing 540 inhabitants. The township com- prises by computation 2500 acres, of which about 400 are open, but fertile, common. The village is of some length, and usually called Long Cliff. One of the sta- tions on the Hull and Selby railway, which passes close to the village, is situated here. An act for inclosing lands was passed in 1843. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. In 17 O 8 , Mary Ward bequeathed £220 for a school, towards the further support of which Mr. Whittall gave £100. CLIFFE (St. Helen), a parish, in the union of North Aylesford, hundred of Shamwell, lathe of Aylesford, W. division of Kent, 5 miles (N. by W.) from Rochester 3 containing 842 inhabitants. The parish is bounded on the north by the Thames, and comprises by computation 5500 acres, of which 2000 are arable, 3000 pasture, including a considerable portion of marshy land, and 500 wood. The village, which is supposed to take its name from the cliff or rock on which it stands, was formerly of much greater extent, a great part of it having been destroyed by fire in 1520 : it was anciently the scene of several provincial councils. A pleasure- fair is held on Sept. 28th. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £50 3 net income, £1297 5 patron. Archbishop of Canterbury : the glebe contains 20 acres. The church is considered the finest in the county, being a large handsome cruciform structure, in the early English style, with an embattled central tower, and containing several curious monuments and remains of antiquity, together with six stalls that belonged to a dean and five prebendaries, it having been formerly col- legiate. There is an infants’ school, endowed by John Browne with £10 per annum 3 and a national school is supported by subscription. CLIFFE (St. Thomas). — See Lewes. CLIFFE, a township, in the parish of Manfield, union of Darlington, wapentake of Gilling-West, N. riding of York, 5f miles (W. by N.) from Darling- ton 3 containing 54 inhabitants. It is on the south bank of the Tees, near Peirse Bridge, and comprises about 970 acres. The estate was for centuries the pro- perty of the family of Witham, but was lately sold, since which a Roman Catholic chapel here has been disused. CLIFFE, KING’S (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Oundle, hundred of Willybrook, N. division of the county of Northampton, 7 miles (W. S. W.) from VoL. I. — 617 Wansford 3 containing 1278 inhabitants. This was an- ciently the head of a bailiwick in the forest of Rocking- ham, called the Clive, and had a royal mansion, in which the kings of England passed some days in their pro- gresses or hunting excursions, prior to the year 1400, from which circumstance the place took its name. The parish is situated on a slope, and surrounded by woods, and comprises by measurement 2200 acres. A small number of the population is employed in the manufac- ture of wooden- ware 5 and there are quarries of free- stone and limestone, which are raised for building and manure. A market, not much frequented, is held weekly, on Tuesday, and a fair for cattle, horses, and cheese, on the 29th of October : the market cross was demolished in 1834. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 16. 3 . 3 net income, £525 5 patron, Earl of Westmorland : the tithes were com- muted for land and a money payment in 1809 ; the glebe contains 477 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is a spacious cruciform structure, in the early and later English styles, with a tower rising from the centre, and contains some beautiful details 3 the pulpit, reading-desk, and open sittings, were formed out of ancient carved oak, formerly in the collegiate church at Fotheringhay, and placed here in 1818. There are places of worship for Independents and Wesleyans. Schools, and almshouses for six aged women, were respectively endowed by Mrs. Elizabeth Hutcheson and the Rev. William Law, with land comprising together 409 acres, producing an income of £407 ; in addition to which, an accumulation of £517 Reduced annuities yields £15 per annum. There are other almshouses, founded by John Thorpe, in 1688 , for three aged women 3 a national school 3 and a school, commenced in 1831, and supported by subscription. Dr. Michael Hudson, chaplain to Charles I., was rector for a short time 3 and the Rev. William Law, author of the Serious Call, was born in 16S6, at this place, where, after re- siding in it during the last twenty years of his life, he was buried. A Roman cemetery has lately been disco- vered, on an ancient road called “ John’s Wood Riding,” which runs through the parish. CLIFFE, NORTH, a township, in the parish of Sancton, union of Pocklington, Hunsley-Beacon divi- sion of the wapentake of Harthill, E. riding of York, 3 miles (S.) from Market-Weighton 3 containing 74 in- habitants. This place comprises by computation 1480 acres : the village, which is small, is situated near the foot of an abrupt acclivity rising from a sandy plain, and is on the road from Market-Weighton to North Cave. CLIFFE-PYPARD (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Cricklade and Wootton-Bassett, chiefly in the hundred of Kingsb ridge, but partly in that of Elstub and Everley, Swindon division, and partly in that of PoTTERNE and Cannings, Chippenham and Caine division of Wilts, 4 miles (S.) from Wootton- Bassett 5 containing 933 inhabitants. The parish com- prises by computation 4000 acres, of which the greater portion is meadow and pasture : the northern part is divided from the southern by a high and very steep ridge or cliff, from which the place takes its name, and which consists of a kind of chalkstone, whereof part is used for manure, and part of a harder kind is quarried for building and paving. The living is a vicarage, valued 4 K C L I F CLIP in the king’s books at £Q j patron and impropriator, H. N. Goddard, Esq., whose tithes have been commuted for £435. 18., and the vicarial for £590. The church is an ancient edifice, with a handsome tower of freestone : the nave is separated from the aisles by a range of five pillars and arches, supporting a richly-carved open roof of oak, and in the chancel are an ancient monument to one of the Goddard family, and a handsome monument of marble to Thomas Spackman, a carpenter, who, having realized an ample fortune, bequeathed an endow- ment for a free school in the parish 5 the monument was executed at an expense of £ 1000 . Sarah, Duchess Dowager of Somerset, in 1 686 , left the manor of Thorn- hill, in the parish, to Brasenose College, Oxford, for the foundation of certain scholarships 5 and the manor of Broadtown to trustees for apprenticing poor boys of the county of Wilts. Various Roman and Saxon coins have been found. CLIFFE, SOUTH, a chapelry, in the parish of North Cave, union of Pocklington, Hunsley-Beacon division of the wapentake of PIarthill, E. riding of York, 3^ miles (S.) from Market-Weighton j containing 136 inhabitants. It comprises 2025a. Ir. 8 p., mostly of a light sandy soil, situated under the western ridge of the wolds j a large portion is rabbit-warren. On the west is the Market-Weighton canal, and on the east the road between Sancton and South Cave. The chapel, built in 1782 , is endowed with land, the produce of which is applied to its repair. CLIFFE, WEST (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Dovor, hundred of Bewsborough, lathe of St. Augustine, E. division of Kent, 2f miles (N. E.) from Dovor 5 containing II 6 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Dovor to Deal, and comprises by measure- ment 1170 acres, of which 150 are meadow and pasture, and the remainder arable, with a few acres of wood- land 5 the surface is gently undulated, and the soil in most parts chalky. The living is a discharged vicarage 5 net income, £34 ^ patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Canterbury, whose tithes have, been com- muted for £39 L whose glebe contains 13 acres. The church is small, and roofed with tiles. CLIFFORD (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Hay, hundred of Huntington, county of Hereford, 2 miles (N. E.) from Hay 5 containing, with a part of the township of Vowmine, 892 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the borders of Wales, from which it is separated, on the west, by the Wye, the same river also bounding it on the north and north-east 3 it com- prises by measurement 5500 acres, and the soil is in general clay and a sandy loam. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £4. 10. 3 net income, £3003 patron and incumbent. Rev. John Trumper 3 impropriators, the Landowners. There is a place of worship for Independents 3 and a national school is supported by subscription. There are some portions of Clifford Castle remaining, in a ruinous con- dition : it stood on a bold eminence, projecting over the Wye, and was the baronial residence of the lords de Clifford for two centuries, and also, as it is supposed, the birthplace of Fair Rosamond. Here was anciently a convent of Cluniac monks, founded by one of the lords, as a cell* to the priory of Lewes, in Sussex : at the Dis- solution, its revenue was estimated at £75. 7 . 5. LoTd de Clifford derives his title from the parish. 618 CLIFFORD, with Boston, a township, in the parish of Bramham, Upper division of the wapentake of Bark- stone-Ash, W. riding of York, 3| miles (S. E. by S.) from Wetherby 3 containing 1566 inhabitants. The spinning of yarn and the manufacture and bleaching of cloth are carried on to some extent 5 the mill is pro- pelled by the Bramham Bick, which flows through the township. There are also some quarries of good build- ing-stone. A sheep fair is held on the Wednesday after Michaelmas-day. A district church, very eligibly situ- ated, and forming a prominent object to the surrounding neighbourhood, has lately been erected : it is a hand- some, but small, cruciform structure of stone, built by subscription, at an expense of £ 1200 , on a site given by George Lane Fox, Esq., who contributed £100 of the amount 3 it is dedicated to St. Luke, was consecrated by the Archbishop of York on the 8 th of June, 1842, and contains 300 sittings, of which about one-third are free. Mr. Lane Fox has also contributed £1000 towards its endowment, and £500 towards the erection of a par- sonage-house. There is a place of worship for Wes- leyans. CLIFFORD-CH AMBERS (St. Helen), a parish, in the union of Stratford-upon-Avon, Upper division of the hundred of Tewkesbury, though locally in that of the hundred of Kiftsgate, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 2f miles (S. by W.) from Stratford 3 con- taining 309 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £18. 15. 7^* j net income, £172 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. A. Annesley. The church is a small sti'ucture, with a south door of Norman archi- tecture. A Sunday school is supported by a bequest of £10 per annum. CLIFTON (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Biggleswade, hundred of Clifton, county of Bedford, 1 ^ mile (E. by N.) from Shefford 3 containing 865 in- habitants. It comprises by measurement 1450 acres, of which about 200 are -pasture 5 the surface is generally level, and the soil in some parts clay, in others gravel. The river Ivel flows through the parish, and is naviga- ble to Shefford. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 20 . 2 . 1 1 . 3 net income, £439 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. D. J. Olivier. The church contains some ancient monumental brasses, and a fine altar- tomb in memory of Sir Michael Fisher, lord of the manor, who died in 1549. A school was founded and endowed in 1827, by the Rev. D. S. Olivier, late rector. CLIFTON, or Rock-Savage, a township, in the parish and union of Runcorn, hundred of Bucklow, N. division of the county of Chester, 2^ miles (N. N. E.) from Frodsham 3 containing 34 inhabitants. This place has been called Rock-Savage, since the erection of a splendid house by Sir John Savage, in 1565. The township comprises only the manorial mansion and its demesne land, now in the possession of the Marquess of Cholmondeley, who enjoys the title of Earl of Rock- Savage. CLIFTON, a chapelry, in the parish of Ashbourn, hundred of Morleston and Litchurch, though locally in the hundred of Wirksworth, S. division of the county of Derby, if mile (S. W.) from Ashbourn 3 containing, with the hamlet of Compton, 839 inhabitants. The chapel is dedicated to St. Mury. CLIFTON (St. Andrew), a parish, and favourite watering-place, and the head of a union, in the counl5y C L I F CLIP of the city of Bristol, 1^ mile (W.) from Bristol, 14 miles (N. W.) from Bath, and 121 (W. by S.) from Lon- don ; containing 14,177 inhabitants. This place, by some antiquaries supposed to have been a British town prior to the Roman invasion, and to have been called Caeroder, or the city of the chasm,” derives its present name from its romantic situation on the acclivities and summit of a precipitous cliff, apparently separated by some convulsion of nature from a chain of rocks on the Somersetshire coast. The river Avon, which at spring tides rises to the height of 46 feet, and is then navigable for ships of very large burthen, flows with a rapid current through this natural chasm, forming the southern and western boundaries of the parish, and dividing the counties of Gloucester and Somerset. The lower part of the town, called the Hot Wells, and formerly the more populous, is situated at the base of the cliff, and has a mild and genial atmosphere, peculiarly adapted to deli- cate and consumptive constitutions. It first rose into importance from the efficacy of its hot springs, originally noticed in 1480 by William of Worcester, the topogra- pher of Bristol, and brought into general celebrity in 1632, when the w'ater was applied externally in cases of cancer and*scrofula, and internally in cases of inflam- mation, dysentery, and hemorrhage. These waters issuo from an aperture in the rock, about ten feet above low- water mark j their mean temperature is about 71° of Fahrenheit j they contain a portion of sulphuric acid, but are peculiarly soft and pleasant to the taste, and free from any offensive smell. At the time of the earthquake at Lisbon, the water became so red and turbid for some days, as to be unfit for use. A new pump-room, with hot and cold baths, and containing also apartments for the residence of invalids, a neat building of the Tus- can order, has been i:ecently erected at an expense of £8000, by the Society of Merchants of Bristol, who are lords of the manor of Clifton, near the site of the old house, which was built by subscription in 1770. Glou- cester House, formerly the only hotel of any note, whence the steam -packets to Ireland regularly sail, is still much frequented, from its proximity to the Hot Wells, and the excellence of its accommodation. Dowry square and parade. Hope-square, Albemarle-row, and St. Vincent’s parade, all contain respectable lodging-houses, fitted up with a due regard to the accommodation of visiters of every rank, and of which some have not unfrequently been the temporary residence of royalty. At Mardyke, on the lower road to Bristol, is a saline mineral spa, said to have been found efficacious in visceral com- plaints. On the south-western brow of the hill, and protected on the north and east by the summit of the cliff, is situated that part of the town properly called Clifton, about half a century since consisting only of a few scat- tered dwellings, but now of piles of stately edifices of Bath stone, forming, from the beauty of their architec- ture, a conspicuous and imposing feature in the land- scape for many miles. This portion, like the Hot Wells, owes its origin and rapid increase to the efficacy of a similar spring issuing from the rock at a lower elevation, into a well 320 feet in depth, sunk in the solid rock at an immense expense, in 1772, and from which 30,000 gallons of water are daily raised by a powerful steam- engine, and afterwards propelled to an additional height of 120 feet, and distributed through pipes to most of the 619 . respectable houses on the hill. There are some splendid ranges of buildings, and handsome hotels, with every re- quisite accommodation, and commanding most beautiful and extensive views. Near the summit of St. Vincent’s Rock, so named from an ancient chapel dedicated to that saint, was a snuff-mill, which, by a grant from the lords of the manor, Mr. West, an ingenious self-taught artist, has converted into an observatory, furnished with powerful telescopes and a camera : it commands a most widely extended and diversified prospect, compre- hending not only the picturesque and romantic scenery in the immediate neighbourhood, but a distant view of the Bristol Channel and the Welsh mountains, and the numerous pleasing villages with which the county of Gloucester is thickly studded. The nursery-grounds of Mr. Miller comprise more than 60 acres, beautifully laid out, and forming one of the most favourite resorts of this attractive place. There are some elegant private mansions, among which may be noticed that of Mr. Goldney, and that built by Sir William Draper, the op- ponent of Junius, in the front court of which are a plain monument to the distinguished Earl of Chatham, and a cenotaph to the memory of those officers and men of the 79th regt. who fell in India. The town is well lighted with gas,. and improvements are constantly in progress. The Society of Merchants have formed a beautiful road, winding round the side of the rocks from the Hot Wells to Clifton Down j the extensive commons have been partially planted j and active measures huve been adopted, and nearly sufficient funds raised, for the commence- ment of a suspension bridge over the Avon, of which a plan has been designed by Mr. Brunei, and which in grandeur and extent will far exceed that across the Menai strait. There is no regular market 5 but, from its proximity to Bristol, the town is well supplied with provisions of every kind 5 and the prices of all articles, either of clothing or food, may be considered on an average fully 15 per cent, lower than those of the metropolis. The town is within the jurisdiction of the Bristol court of requests, for debts from £2 to any amount under that for which an arrest on mesne pro- cess may issue. The freeholders of Clifton have been disfranchised for the county of Gloucester, and, together with the £10 householders, are entitled to vote for the representation of Bristol. The parish contains 910 acres, comprehending the site of the town and adjacent buildings. The living is a perpetual curacy j net income, £7B2 5 patrons, Trus- tees of the late Rev. C. Simeon 5 impropriator, James Taylor, Esq. The church, a spacious structure, in the later English style, was erected in 1822. A church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, and accommodating I6OO persons, has been built at the Hot Wells, for the poor 5 and there are a private Episcopal chapel, and a district church, dedicated to St. John the Evangelist, the latter in the later English style, erected by the Bristol Dio- cesan Association. There are places of worship for the Countess of Huntingdon’s Connexion and Wesleyans 3 also a floating chapel for seamen, called the Clifton Ark ; and a Roman Catholic chapel, in a superb style of Grecian architecture, lately built. Schools are sup- ported by subscription 3 and there are a dispensary, and a dispensary for diseases of the eye. The poor law union of Clifton comprises 12 parishes or places, and contains a population of 66,233. On the summit 4 K 2 C L I F C L I F of St. Vincent's Rock are the remains of an encamp- ment, three or four acres in extent, defended by three ramparts and two ditches 5 the inner rampart, which is in no part more than five feet in height, is supposed to have been surmounted by a wall 3 its extent, from one side of the rock to the other, is ^93 yards, and on the side next the river is a deep trench, thought to have been cut during the civil war of the seventeenth century. Its origin is ascribed to the Romans, who are said to have placed here the first of that chain of forts which they erected to defend the passage of the Severn. In the immediate neighbourhood, and in various parts of the parish, numerous Roman and Saxon coins have been found 3 and at a short distance, in the parish of Westbury, are the remains of a Roman way. In the rocks, lead and a very rich iron-ore have been dis- covered, but not in sufficient quantity to be worth working 3 and in the fissures of the rock, and more especially in digging the foundations of houses, are found the beautiful quartz crystals called Bristol dia- monds, remarkable for their naturally formed and highly polished hexagonal surfaces, and equalling in transparency those of India, to which they are inferior only in hardness and durability 3 they are generally im- bedded in nodulse of iron-stone, of the same colour as the soil. Anne Yearsley, who in the humble situation of a milk- woman, displayed great poetical talent, and produced several literary works, was a native of this place 3 she died in 1806, at Melksham, in the county of Wilts. The late Sir Humphrey Daty commenced his career here, as assistant to Dr. Beddoes, an eminent phy- sician 5 and among the numerous distinguished per- sons who have made it their retreat was Mrs. Hannah More, who here ended a life devoted to literature and good works. CLIFTON, with Salwick, a township, in the parish of Kirkham, union of the Fylde, hundred of Amoun- DERNESS, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 3 miles (E. S. E.) from Kirkham 3 containing 538 inha- bitants. The tithes have been commuted for £607, of which £530 are payable to the Dean and Chapter of Christ- Church, Oxford, £75. 6. 8. to the vicar, and £1. 13. 4. to the parish-clerk. In 1682, John Dickson left a small bequest for teaching children, and a school has lately been built, by aid of a grant of £50 from the National Society, with which it is in union. CLIFTON, a township, in the parish of Eccles, hundred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lai^- CASTER, 5 miles (N. W. by W.) from Manchester ; con- taining 1360 inhabitants. Collieries have been opened at this place, and its population has in consequence been greatly increased. The Manchester and Bolton railway passes by the north-east of the township. CLIFTON, with Coldwell, a township, in the N. division of the parish of Stannington, union and W. division of Castle ward, S. division of Northumber- land, 2 ^ miles (S.) from Morpeth. It is situated on the great road between Morpeth and the township of Stan- nington, and is the property of the Earl of Carlisle. In the 12th century lands were held at Clifton, under Roger de Merlay, by William of Clifton ; in the year 1240 the Conyers family appear to have been proprie- tors 3 and of subsequent owners have been the Ogles, Howards, and Greys. At Coldwell, which is now ex- tinct, the monks of Newminster had possessions, and 620 among others who had an interest in the same place may be named the families of Conyers and Heron. CLIFTON {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Basford, N. division of the wapentake of Rushcltffe, S. division of the county of Nottingham, miles (S. W. by S.) from Nottingham ; containing, with Glap- ton, 419 inhabitants. The village is situated on a level tract, near which is Clifton Hall, commanding extensive prospects over the river Trent, the town of Nottingham, and the adjacent counties of Derby and Leicester. The Hall, which is now much modernised, has its principal front ornamented with 10 handsome Doric columns, and the interior comprises several magnificent apart- ments. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £21. 6. 10^.3 net income, £405 3 Patron and impropriators. Sir Robert Clifton, Bart. The church is a fine structure, though much dilapidated 3 it has a massive tower, and contains several monuments to the Clifton family. Here was anciently a small college for a warden and two priests, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, and founded in the time of Edward IV., by Sir Gervase Clifton : at the Dissolution it was valued at £20 per annum. CLIFTON, a township, in the parish of Deddington, union of Woodstock, hundred of Wootton, county of Oxford,!^ mile (E.) from Deddington 3 containing 277 inhabitants. There is a place of worship for Wes- leyans. CLIFTON {St. Cuthbert), a parish, in West ward and union, county of Westmorland, 2| miles (S. E. by S.) from Penrith 3 containing 288 inhabitants. This place derives its name from the situation of the village on a rocky eminence in the vale of the river Lowther, by which the parish is bounded on the north and west. At Clifton Moor, now inclosed, a slight skirmish oc- curred between the Duke of Cumberland’s dragoons and the rear-guard of the Pretender’s army on its retreat to Scotland. The parish comprises 1676«. 2/-. 39p., of which about 35 acres are woodland ; the soil is various, in some parts a dark brown mould on a substratum of gravel, in others a strong red soil resting on clay, and in some parts light and sandy. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 8 . 3. 4 . 3 net income, £1505 patron, the Bishop of Carlisle. The tithes were commuted for land in 1811. The church is a small ancient structure, with a low tower. There is a medici- nal spring, the water of which is efficacious in the cure of scorbutic complaints. CLIFTON, a township, partly in the parish of St. Mi- chael-le-Belfrey, and partly in that of St. Olave, Mary-Gate, union of York, wapentake of Bulmer, N. riding of the county of York, mile (N. W.) from York 3 containing 1242 inhabitants. Clifton House is the seat of the Rev. Danson Richardson Currer, M. A. and J. P. The village, which is large and handsome, forms a western suburb to the city. In 1820, two mas- sive Roman stone coffins, each 7^ feet in length, and bearing a short inscription, were found in the grounds of David Russell, Esq., and have been deposited in the Cathedral of York. CLIFTON, with Norwood, a township, in the parish of Fewston, Lower division of the wapentake of Claro, W. riding of York, 6 miles (N. by E.) from Otley 3 con- taining 387 inhabitants. The township comprises 3510 acres of moor and pasture land, with a little arable. C L I F CLIP Church service is performed on every Tuesday in a schoolroom. There is an endowment of £9 per annum^ arising from land, for the instruction of children. CLIFTON, with Newhall, a township, in the parish of Otley, Upper division of the wapentake of Claro, W. riding of York, 2 miles (N. N. W.) from Otley 5 containing 253 inhabitants, of whom 120 are in Clifton. The township is situated to the north of the river Wharfe, and comprises by computation 1440 acres of land. CLIFTON, with Hartshead, a chapelry, in the parish of Dewsbury, union of Halifax, wapentake of Mor- LEY, W. riding of York, 5 miles (N. N. E.) from Hud- dersfield 5 containing, in the township of Clifton, 1779 in- habitants. The village extends to the western verge of the township, and from its elevated situation commands extensive views of the vale of the Calder, and of the surrounding country. The population is chiefly en- gaged in the manufacture of cards for machinery. A school is endowed with £10 per annum. — See Harts- HEAD. CLIFTON- CAMPVILLE {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Tamworth, N. division of the hundred of Offlow, and of the county of Stafford, 5f miles (N. E. by N.) from Tamworth ; containing, with the townships of Clifton- Campville and Haunton, and the chapelries of Harlaston and Chilcote, 921 inhabitants, of whom 341 are in the township of Clifton- Campville. The parish is watered by the small river Mease, and comprises by computation 6300 acres 5 the surface is undulated, and the soil is in some places a rich fertile marl, and in others a strong clay. The living is a rec- tory, with the chapelry of Chilcote, valued in the king’s books at £30, and in the gift of Henry John Pye, Esq. The tithes were partly commuted for land and corn-rents, under an inclosure act, in 1795 ; the tithes of Clifton- Campville and Haunton have been commuted under the recent act for a rent- charge of £7173 and a composition in lieu of tithes is received for Harlaston and Chilcote, amounting to about £400 ; the glebe contains 1 50 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. There are chapels of ease at Harlaston and Chilcote ^ and a parochial school is supported by the patron and incumbent. CLIFTON, GREAT, a chapelry, in the parish of Workington, union of Cockermouth, Allerdale ward above Derwent, W. division of Cumberland, 3 miles (E.) from Workington 5 containing 378 inhabit- ants. It contains by admeasurement 900 acres of arable and pasture land, and 39 of wood. The living is a per- petual curacy 3 net income, £89 3 patron. Rector of Workington. The tithes were commuted for land in 1814. The chapel, which is situated in Little Clifton, is an ancient structure. Here are the remains of a cross, where, according to tradition, a market was formerly held. The Rev. Jeremiah Seed, a theological writer, who died in 1747, was a native of the place. CLIFTON-HAMPDEN {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Abingdon, hundred of Dorchester, county of Oxford, miles (E. S. E.) from Abingdon 3 containing 297 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, with a net income of £187 3 the patronage and impropriation belong to Mrs. Noyes. CLIFTON, LITTLE, a township, in the parish of Workington, union of Cockermouth, Allerdale ward above Derwent, W. division of Cumberland, 3^ 621 miles (E.) from Workington 3 containing 281 inhabit- ants. It comprises by computation 900 acres of arable and pasture land, and 50 of wood. CLIFTON-MAYBANK {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Sherborne, hundred of Yetminster, Sherborne division of Dorset, 5| miles (W. S. W.) from Sherborne 3 containing 70 inhabitants. It is intersected by the river Ivel, and comprises 1244a. 3r. 12p., of which 781 acres are pasture, 215 arable, 202 woodland, and about 1 1 orchards 3 the surface is rather flat, and the lands in winter are subject to occasional inunda- tion 5 the soil is light, but productive. The living is a rectory, united in 1824 to the vicarage of Bradford- Abbas, and valued in the king’s books at £4. 16 . 0 -. 3 patrons, the Wardens and Fellows of Winchester Col- lege. The tithes have been commuted for £245, and the glebe comprises 30 acres. The church has been in ruins for a century. CLIFTON, NORTH {St. George), a parish, in the union, and N. division of the wapentake, of Newark, S. division of the county of Nottingham, 12 miles (N. by E.) from Newark 5 containing, with the townships of North and South Clifton, the chapelry of Harby, and the hamlet of Spalford, 1056 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the river Trent, and on the lower road from Gainsborough to Newark, and comprises 3973a. 24p. 3 the surface is flat, with the exception of a slight eminence in one part, and the lands are subject to in- undation of the river, from which the villages are pro- tected by embankments. The soil is light, except that of the rising ground, which is a stiff clay and marl. The living is a discharged vicarage,* valued in the king’s books at £7. 6. 3 net income, £176 3 patron. Preben- dary of Clifton, in the Cathedral of Lincoln ; impro- priator, Col. Sibthorpe. The tithes, excepting about £20 per annum, from ancient inclosure, have been com- muted for land, comprising nearly 1 50 acres. The church, situated about half-way between the villages of North and South Clifton, on a small eminence on the banks of the Trent, is an ancient structure, in the later Eng- lish style, with a handsome square embattled tower. There is a chapel of ease at Harby, where also, and in South Clifton, are places of w^orship for Wesleyans. A schoolmaster receives £ 10 . 10 . per annum, arising from land bequeathed by Simon Nicholson, 1669, for in- structing children. A schoolroom and dwelling-house were built by subscription, in 1779 3 there is also a school at Harby. CLIFTON-REYNES (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Newport-Pagnell, hundred of Newport, county of Buckingham, l| mile (E. by S.) fromOlneyj containing 213 inhabitants. The principal manor here was given by William the Conqueror to Robert de Todeni, one of the companions of his expedition, and it afterwards passed into the family of Reynes, from which the place takes the adjunct to its name. The parish, which is situated on the eastern bank of the river Ouse, comprises 1395«. ^ 8 p. 5 the surface is irregular, and the lower lands are subject occasiohally to inundations of the river. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 6 . 10|. 5 net income, £300 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. H. A. Small. By a recent inclosure act, land of the value of about £120 per annum, was given in lieu of a portion of the tithes. There is a small glebe, part of which is in the adjoining parish of New^- C L I F CLIP ton-Blossomville^ ^ith a glebe-house. The church, a handsome edifice, is supposed to have been erected about the time of Edward I. CLIFTON, SOUTH, a township, in the parish of North Clifton, union, and N. division of the wapen- take, of Newark, S. division of the county of Notting- ham, 12 miles (N. by E.) from Newark ; containing 332 inhabitants. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. CLIFTON-tjpon-Dunsmoor (St. Mary), a pa- rish, in the union of Rugby, Rugby division of the hundred of Knightlow, N. division of the county of Warwick, 2 miles (E. N. E.) from Rugby; containing, with the chapelry of Brownsover and the hamlet of Newton and Biggin, 699 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the banks of the Avon, and comprises by admeasurement 3465 acres, of which 835 are in the chapelry of Brownsover ; it is intersected by the road from Rugby to Harborough, and the London and Bir- mingham railway, which passes through it, has a first- class station within two miles, where is also a station for the Midland-Counties’ railway. The Oxford canal like- wise traverses the parish. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 1. 8.; net income, £119 3 patron, Earl of Bradford : the impropri- ation belongs to two schools and 21 individuals; the glebe contains about 15 acres, to which there is a glebe- house. The church is in the later English style, and had formerly a handsome spire. There is a chapel of ease at Brownsover ; a parochial school is supported by subscription and a small legacy, and the inhabitants of the parish have the privilege of sending their children as free scholars to Rugby school. Cave, the originator of the Gentleman s Magazine^ was born here ; and Chris- topher Harvey, author of a collection of poems, called the Synagogue, and other works, was vicar, and was buried here in 1663. Thomas Carte, author of an ela- borate History of England, was born here in 1686 ; and Lawrence Sheriff, the founder of Rugby school, was a native of Brownsover. CLIFTON-upon-Teme (St, Killom), a parish, in the union of Hartley, Upper division of the hundred of Doddingtree, Hundred-House and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, lOj miles (N. W. by W.) from Worcester ; containing 512 inhabitants. The parish is situated near the river Teme, and comprises by measurement 2853 acres : stone of good quality for building and the roads, and flag-stone, are quarried. The village, which is beautifully situated on a steep cliff, overlooking the serpentine course of the Teme, was made a free borough by Edward HI., who also granted a weekly market, now disused. Near it are the remains of Ham Castle, formerly the residence of the family of Jefferies, and which was nearly destroyed, in 1646, by the parliamentary troops. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 19. 2. ; patron and impropriator. Sir T. E. Winnington, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for £230. The church contains some ancient monuments. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans; and a school is supported by subscrip- tion. There was anciently a chapel at Neverton, in the parish, but, in 1532, Charles, Bishop of Hereford, with the consent of the vicar of Clifton, and the inhabitants, united it to the parish of Stanford, reserving to the vicar an annual pension of 13s. 4d., in lieu of tithes and offer- ings due from the inhabitants of the chapelry. 622 CLIFTON-upon-Ure, a township, in the parish of Thornton-Watlass, union of Leyburn, wapentake^ of Hang-East, N. riding of York, 4 miles (S. W.) from Bedale ; containing 39 inhabitants. The manor of Clif- ton passed from the Lords Scrope, of Masham, to Sir Ralph Fitz-Randolph, and subsequently to the Wy- villes, Daltons, and Prestons, of whom the last-named sold it to the family of Hutton, in 1735. The township, which is situated on the eastern acclivities of the vale of the Ure, comprises 592 acres of land, by computation. Clifton Castle, a handsome mansion, stands in a fine and extensive park. CLIMPING, a parish, in the union of East Pres- ton (under Gilbert’s act), hundred of Avisford, rape of Arundel, W. division of Sussex, 7 miles (S. S. W.) from Arundel ; containing 279 inhabitants. This parish includes all that remains of the ancient parish of Cud- low, of which not more than one hundred acres have escaped the encroachment and inundation of the sea ; it is bounded on the south by the English Channel, and on the east by the river Arun, over which is a ferry, and is intersected by the road from Bognor to Little Hampton. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9. 11. 0|. ; net income, £221 ; patrons, the Provost and Fellows of Eton College ; impropriators, the nominees of the Bishop of Chichester. The church is a handsome cruciform structure, chiefly in the early English style, with a fine Norman tower at the end of the south transept. ^ A parochial school is supported by subscription. CLINCH, a tything, in the parish of Milton-Lil- BOURNE, union of Pewsey, hundred of Kinwardstone, Everley and Pewsey, and S. divisions of Wilts; com taining 106 inhabitants. CLINCH, with Fawdon and Hartside, a town- ship, in the parish of Ingram, union of Glendale, N. division of Coquetdale ward and of Northumber- land, 12| miles (W.) from Alnwick ; containing 54 in- habitants. It is a hilly district, occupying the south- eastern part of the parish : the hamlet is situated about a mile east of the village of Ingram. The tithes have been commuted for £31. 2. 8., of which £12. 10. are payable to the impropriator, £18. 11. 8. to the rector, and l5. to the clerk of the parish. CLINT, a township, in the parish of Ripley, Lower division of the wapentake of Claro, W. riding of York, I^mile (W. by S.) from Ripley ; containing 393 inhabit- ants. The township, which includes the hamlet of Burnt- Yates, comprises 1835a. Ir. 25p. : the village is a short distance from the river Nidd, which passes on the south. Here are the remains of an ancient mansion, called Clint Hall. The Roman road from llkley, through the forest of Knaresborough, branched in two directions at this place, one leading to Catterick, the other to Aid- borough. A free school was founded, in 1760, by Rear- Admiral Robert Long, which received at the same time, and subsequently, several endowments, the total now producing upwards of £200 a year ; and £5 per annum were bequeathed by William Mountain, in 1778, for dis- tribution among twelve widows. CLIPPESBY (St. Peter), a parish, in the East and West Flegg incorporation, hundred of West Flegg, E. division of Norfolk, 3 miles (N. E.) from Acle ; containing 123 inhabitants. The parish com- prises 86 la. Ir. 24p., of which about 447 acres are ara- C LI P C L I S lyle, and 372' marsh and pasture 3 the old road from Norwich to Yarmouth runs through it. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6, 13. 4., and in the patronage of H. Muskett, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £245, and the glebe contains acres. The church is partly in the early and partly in the later style, and the chancel contains an altar- tomb to the memory of John Clippesby and his lady, whose effigies are inlaid in brass. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans The old Hall, an an- cient relic, is still standing, with some slight remains of the moat. CLIPSHAM {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Stam¥ord, soke of Oakham, locally in the hundred of Alstoe, county of Rutland, 9f miles (N. E. by E.) from Oakham ; containing 206 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 0. 5., and in the patronage of the Coheiresses of Mrs. Snow : the tithes have been commuted for £250, and the glebe comprises 51 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. A -school is supported by subscription. CLIPSTON {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Market-Harborough, hundred of Rothwell, N. di- vision of the county of Northampton, 4 miles (S. S. W.) from Market-Harborough 5 containing 859 inhabitants. The parish comprises by computation 2816 acres : it is a polling-place for the northern division of the county. The living is a rectory in three portions, two of which are valued in the king’s books at £ 11 . 12 . 8 j., and the third at £6 5 net income, £334 j patrons. Master and Fellows of Christ’s College, Cambridge. The free grammar school and hospital were founded in 1667 ^ by Sir George Bus well, Bart., who endowed them with 186 acres of land, producing £305 per annum, to which an annual dividend of £20. 13. 4. on £688 three per cent, consolidated annuities has been added by other bene- factors. In the hospital are ten men and one woman. The buildings comprise, in the centre, the schoolroom and apartments for the masters, and in the wings, apart- ments for the almspeople. Adjoining the parish, on the west, is an inship of several houses, called Nobold, eccle- siastically united to the parish, but in other respects extra-parochial. CLIPSTON, a township, in the parish of Plumtree, union, and S. division of the wapentake, of Bingham, S. division of the county of Nottingham, 6f miles (S. E.) from Nottingham 3 containing 86 inhabitants. Richard I., after returning from the captivity brought on by his crusade to the Holy Land, had an interview with the King of Scotland, in 1194, at this place, where they spent several days. CLIPSTONE, a township, in the parish of Edwin- STOw% union of Southwell, Hatfield division of the wapentake of Bassetlaw, N. division of the county of Nottingham, 3f miles (W. S. W.) from Ollerton 3 con- taining 286 inhabitants, and comprising 1648 acres. On an eminence above the village are some remains of a very ancient palace that belonged to the Anglo-Saxon kings, and which is said to have been erected by one of the kings of Northumbria. It was frequently the re- sidence of King John, both before and after his acces- sion to the throne ; and to it, also, all the sovereigns of England down to Henry V. appear to have repaired for the diversion of hunting in the royal forest of Sherwood, as we find that Henry de Fauconberge, in the reign of 623 Henry III., held the neighbouring manor of Cuckney in serjeantry, by the shoeing of the king’s palfrey on com- ing to Mansfield. A parliament was held here by Ed- ward I. in 1290 , and an old oak at the edge of the park is still called the Parliament Oak. CLIST {St. George), a parish, in the union of St. Thomas, hundred of East Budleigh, Woodbury and S. divisions of Devon, 1^ mile (N. E. by E.) from Top- sham 3 containing 370 inhabitants. This parish, for- merly called Clistwick, from its situation on the river Clist, comprises by computation 1000 acres 3 the surface is undulated, except near the banks of the river 3 the soil is in some parts a rich loam, in others clayey, and in some light and sandy, the whole in a state of good cul- tivation. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 17 . 16. 8.3 net income, £3483 patron and in- cumbent, Rev. W. R. Ellicombe. In the windows of the church are some remains of ancient stained glass. A school w^as founded, in 1703, by Sir Edward and Dame Seward, and has an exhibition of £4 per annum at either of the universities. CLIST {St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union of St. Thomas, hundred of Cliston, Woodbury and S. divisions of Devon, 5^ miles (S. by E.) from Cullomp- ton 3 containing 1 68 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the river Clist, and in the fertile vale of that name, comprises 1040 acres 3 the soil is luxuriantly rich, consisting chiefly of a strong deep loam, producing the heaviest crops of corn and the finest cider in this portion of the county 3 veins of iron-ore are discernible in some parts. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 4. 4^.3 net income, £244 3 patrons, the Trustees of St. John’s Hospital, Exeter. The glebe comprises about 46 acres 3 the glebe-house, originally a portion of some ancient religious establishment, has been partly rebuilt. The church is a handsome struc- ture, in the later English style, with a lofty square em- battled tower, and contains a richly-carved oak screen 3 in a niche in the north-east wall is a Madona, and in the churchyard are the remains of a fine cross. The whole of the manorial rights and the lands were be- queathed by Eliza Hele, lady of the manor, in trust to the mayor and magistrates of Exeter for charitable pur- poses. There is a strong mineral spring at the base of a hill in the western part of the parish, said to be effi- cacious in diseases of the eye. CLIST {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of St. Thomas, hundred of East Budleigh, Woodbury and S. divisions of Devon, 2:J miles (N. E. by N.) from Top- sham 3 containing 197 inhabitants. This place is me- morable as the scene of one of the principal contests between the adherents of the old religion and the re- formers during the rebellion, in 1549, in which the in- habitants took part against the king’s forces, and .de- fended the long bridge against them with great bravery for some time, but were at length defeated-, and pur- sued, with great slaughter, through the village to the adjoining heath. The parish is intersected by the river Clist, and comprises 534 acres by admeasurement. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 1. 3., and in the gift of the Rev. Edmond Strong : the tithes have been commuted for £150, and the glebe comprises 26 acres. A national school is supported. CLIST, BROAD {St. John the Baptist), a pa- rish, in the union of St. Thomas, hundred of Cliston, C L I S C L I T Wonford and S. divisions of Devon, 5 miles (N. E.) from Exeter 5 containing 2407 inhabitants. This place was burnt down by the Danes in 1001 . The old man- sion of Columbjohn, in the parish, was garrisoned for Charles I. by his loyal adherent. Sir John Acland : it has a chapel, in which divine service is performed. The number of acres is about 9000 3 the surface is undu- lated, and the soil is partly a strong clay, and partly a deep light sandy earth. The river Clist runs through the parish, in which there is a paper-mill. Good cider is made. The living is a vicarage, endowed with part of the rectorial tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £26 5 net income, £407 3 patron. Sir T. D. Acland, Bart. 5 impropriator of the remainder of the rectorial tithes. Rev. Dr. Troyte. The church is a handsome edifice, in the later English style, containing three stone stalls, having rich canopies, with an effigy in plate armour. Sir T. D. Acland has built a church, in the Norman style, on his estate at Killerton, at a cost of about £3000 3 it was consecrated in September, 1841. On the manor of Clist- Gerald is a barn, once the chapel of St. Leonard 3 and there were also chapels dedicated to St. David and St. Catherine. A school, founded in 1691 , is supported partly by an endowment of about £15 per annum. An almshouse for twelve persons was built by Mr. Burrough, who endowed it, in 1605, with £23. 11 . per annum. John, Duke of Marlborough, is said to have been born at Churchill, in the parish. CLIST-HONITON, a parish, in the union of St. Thomas, hundred of East Budleigh, Woodbury and S. divisions of Devon, 4^ miles (E. by N.) from Exeter 3 containing 467 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the river Clist, a small but rapid stream, that has given its name to almost every place through which it flows 3 it comprises by computation 1100 acres, and the soil is chiefly sandy, with some portions of rich vegeta- ble mould on a stratum of pebbles. The village, which is on the bank of the river, suffered greatly from an ac- cidental fire in 1 825, that destroyed the greater portion of it. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patron- age of the Dean and Chapter of Exeter, the appropria- tors : the tithes attached to the living have been com- muted for £165, and the great tithes for £265. The church, erected since the Reformation, contains what is supposed by antiquaries to be the original Saxon font. CLIST-HYDON {St, An drew) ^ a parish, in the union of St. Thomas, hundred of Cltston, Woodbury and S. divisions of Devon, 4 miles (S. S. E.) from Cul- lompton 3 containing 325 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 1726 acres, of which 950 are arable, 627 pasture, and 30 woodland. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 20 . 0 . 7 i*, and in the patronage of Mrs. Huyshe : the tithes have been com- muted for £350, and the glebe contains S 6 acres. A school is endowed with about £20 per annum, princi- pally from a bequest of the Rev. Robert Hall, D.D., in 1667 3 and another is supported by subscription. CLIST-SACKVILLE {St, Gabriel), a chapelry, in the parishes of Farringdon and Sowton, union of St. Thomas, hundred of East Budleigh, Woodbury and S. divisions of Devon, 9,^ miles (N. by E.) from Topsham 3 containing 286 inhabitants. This place was mortgaged by Sir Ralph Sackville to Walter Browns- comb. Bishop of Exeter, to enable him to proceed with Edward I. on a crusade to the Holy Land, promising 624 to refund the money at a fixed period, and to defray all charges on the estate during his absence : the bishop erected a palace, still standing, and fenced the ground at great charge, so that the expense exceeded the value of the land, in consequence of which it remained with him and his successors, until Bishop Yesey alienated it to the Earl of Bedford. The chapel has been demolished, CLITHEROE {St. Mi- chael), an unincorporated borough, market-town, and parochial chapelry, and the head of a union, in the pa- rish of Wh alley. Higher division ,of the hundred of Blackburn, N. division of the county of Lancaster, on the eastern bank of the Ribble, 30 miles (N.) from Manchester, 49 (N. E.) from Liverpool, 26 (S. E.) from Lancaster, and 216 (N. N. W.) from London 3 contain- ing 6765 inhabitants. The ancient name of this town, Cliderhow, is of a mixed derivation, from the British Cled-dwr, which signifies the hill or rock by the waters, and the final syllable how, a Saxon word for hill, being de- scriptive of its situation on an isolated eminence, ter- minating in one direction in a lofty rock of limestone, whereon stands the keep of a castle, the original erec- tion of which is involved in considerable obscurity. The place was the scene of an engagement, in 1138, be- tween a small party of the English army and the Scots, in which the former^ was totally defeated by superior numbers 3 and traces of this sanguinary conflict have been discovered near Edisforth Bridge, and along the banks of the Ribble. Some ascribe the foundation of the castle to Robert de Lacy the first 3 but, on the au- thority of a manuscript in the Bodleian Library, it is assigned to Robert de Lacy the second, in 1179, which account is confirmed by Dugdale, who states that the castle, and the chapel of St. Michael annexed thereto, were built by the latter : Dr. Whitaker, however, in his history of Whalley, considers it to be of earlier date. The castle originally consisted of a keep, with a tower, and arched gateway, and was surrounded by a strong lofty wall, built on the margin of the rock 3 it was used as a species of fortress for dispensing justice and re- ceiving tribute by the Lacys, who were lords paramount of the honour. This honour, which extends over the parishes of Whalley, Blackburn, Chipping, and Ribches- ter, the forest of Rowland, and the manors of Totting- ton and Rochdale, and includes 28 manors, formed part of the possessions of the house of Lancaster, from the time of the marriage of Thomas Plantagenet, Earl of Lancaster, with Alice, sister and heiress of Henry de Lacy, until that of the Restoration, when Charles II. bestowed it upon General Monk, Duke of Albemarle, for his services : it has a court for the recovery of small debts, extending over the hundred of Blackburn 3 and a similar court is held for the wapentake of Rowland. During the wars of the Roses, Henry VI., on his depo- sition, sought a temporary refuge here among the here- ditary dependents of the house of Lancaster, but was betrayed to his rival by the Talbots of Bashall and Colebry, and sent bound to London. In the civil war the fortress was among the last surrendered to the parlia- Arms. C L I T CLO A ment, by whose directions^ in 1649^ it was dismantled 5 the keep, a square tower, being all that remains. The site, and a certain portion of ground occupied by the de- mesne and forests of the baronial edifice, are extra- parochial, and commonly designated the Castle parish. A modern castellated edifice has been erected within the precincts of the castle. An hospital for lepers, called the Hospital of Edisforth, was founded here by some of the earliest burgesses, and dedicated to St. Nicholas, which shared the fate of the smaller monasteries at the Dissolution. The TOWN, from its elevated position, is clean and pleasantly situated 5 the houses, consisting principally of shops, are neatly built 5 the streets are Macadamized, and lighted with gas, and the inhabitants are amply supplied with water from several springs. The neigh- bourhood abounds with an almost inexhaustible bed of limestone 5 and at Pimlico, a short distance northward from the town, ten kilns are kept burning forty weeks in the year, and produce in the aggregate 4000 windles, or 28,000 strikes weekly. In Hardhiil Park is a race- course 5 and immediately outside the town is a spa, with hot and cold baths, extremely efficacious in scor- butic affections. There are extensive cotton-manufac- tories and print-works, which are yearly increasing, in the town and its vicinity. The market is on Tuesday : fairs are held on the 24th and 25th of March, 1st and 2nd of Aug., on the fourth Friday and Saturday after the 29th of Sept., and on the 6th and 7th of December 5 and there is also a fair for cattle and sheep every alter- nate Tuesday. Clitheroe is a BOROUGH by prescription : its first charter, dated in the time of Henry de Lacy, who died in 1147, was confirmed by Edward I., who granted the burgesses the same privi- leges as those enjoyed by the citizens of Chester, and sub- sequently by Edward HI., Henry VHI., and James I. By the act of the 5th and 6th of William IV., cap. 76, Corporation Seal. the corporation now consists of 4 aldermen and 12 councillors, and the mayor is elected annually out of that body; the municipal boundaries are co-extensive with those of the township of Clitheroe. The Moot-hall is a neat modern edifice, ornamented in front with the borough arms cut in stone, and surmounted by a spire 62 feet high. There is a court of pleas, having juris- diction to an unlimited amount, in actions of debt aris- ing within the borough ; it is holden every three weeks before the recorder and mayor, and has existed from time immemorial. The mayor and late mayor are jus* tices of the peace ; and a police has been established under the corporation, consisting of a chief constable and assistants. The borough did not return members to parliament until the first year of the reign of Eliza- beth, from which period it regularly sent two, till it was deprived of one by the act of the 2nd of William IV., cap. 45. The privilege of voting is exercised by the £10 householders, of whom there are about 400 ; the old borough comprised 2283 acres, but the limits of the present electoral borough embrace 13,788 ; the mayor is returning officer. The living is a perpetual curacy, VoL. I.— 625 in the patronage of the Rev. J. H. Anderton ; net in- come, £127, with a glebe-house. The church has been lately rebuilt, with the exception of the tower and the east window, a good specimen of the later English style : the Incorporated Society, in 1827, granted £1500 to- wards defraying the expense. The former edifice was of great antiquity, being designated, in a deed of the 13th of Edward IV., the church of St. Mary Magdalene ; against the south wall of the nave was a brass plate, bearing a curious enigmatical diagram, and an inscrip* tion in Latin to the memory of Dr. John Webster, the celebrated judicial astrologer, and curate of Clitheroe, who was interred here, June 21st, 1682. In 1838, an additional church, dedicated to St. James, was erected by subscription, aided by James Thomson, Esq., of Primrose, who, and his family, were the principal con- tributors. There are places of worship for Indepen- dents, Methodists, and Roman Catholics. The free grammar school was founded in 1554, by Philip and Mary, and endowed with the rectorial tithes of the parish of Almondbury, and with certain lands in the district of Craven, in Yorkshire ; the head master re- ceives a salary of £200, and has a handsome residence, and the second master is allowed £100. The poor law union of Clitheroe comprises 33 parishes or places, of which 19 are in the West riding of York, and 14 in the county of Lancaster ; and contains a population of 23,018. The Rev. James King, afterwards chaplain to the house of commons, and father of Captain James King, who accompanied Captain Cook in his voyage of discovery round the globe, and of the Right Rev. Wal- ker King, Bishop of Rochester, was, during the early part of his ministry, incumbent of Clitheroe. CLIVE, a township, in the parish of Middlewich, union and hundred of Northw^ich, S. division of the county of Chester, 2 miles (W. by S.) from Middle- wich ; containing 117 inhabitants. The Grand Junction railway passes through the township. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £45. 14. CLIVE, a chapelry, in the parish of St. Mary, liber- ties of the town of Shrewsbury, union of Wem, N. division of Salop, 3j miles (S.) from Wem ; containing 273 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, with a net income of £66, and in the gift of the Bishop of Lichfield, (as ex officio visiter of Shrewsbury gram- mar school,) Viscount Clive, J. A. Lloyd, Esq., Sir A. V. Corbet, Bart., and R. A. Slaney, Esq. : the impro- priation is vested in the governors of the grammar school. The chapel is dedicated to All Saints. There is a school supported by subscription. William Wy- cherley, the poet, was born here in 1640. CLIVIGER, a chapelry, in the parish of Whalley, union of Burnley, Higher division of the hundred of Blackburn, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 3^ miles (S. E. by S.) from Burnley ; containing 1395 inhabitants. There is a national school. CLIXBY, a chapelry in the parish and union of Caistor, S. division of the wapentake of Yarborough, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 2^ miles (N. by W. ) from Caistor; containing 45 inhabitants. The living is annexed to the vicarage of Caistor. CLOATLY, a hamlet, in the parish of Hankerton, union and hundred of Malmesbury, Malmesbury and Kingswood, and N. divisions of Wilts, 3^ ihiles (N. E.) from Malmesbury; containing 77 inhabitants. 4 L CLOP CLOT CLODOCK (^St^ Cleodocus), a parish, in the hun- dred of EwYAsnACY, county of Hereford, 10 miles (N. N. E.) from Abergavenny^ containing, with the chapelries of Crasswall, Llanveynoe, and Longtown, and the township of Newton, 1762 inhabitants. The parish comprises IhOO acres, about three-fourths of wihich are pasture and meadow land, and 200 acres woodland ; the surface is very irregular, rising into numerous hiUs of various elevation, and a considerable portion of it ex^ tends along the side of the Black Mountain, or Hatterel Hills 5 the soil is generally light. The rivers Clchon and Munnow have their source within the parish, which is also traversed by the Eskley, a stream that abounds with trout of excellent quality, and is much frequented by anglers. Fairs are held on the 29th of April, 22nd of June, and 21st of September. The living is a vicar- age, not in charge 5 net income, £149 5 patron, W. Wik kins. Esq. impropriator. Sir V. Q. Cornewall, Bart. There are chapels of ease at Longtown, Llanveynoe, and 'Crasswall, in the patronage of the vicar; and a fourth ehapel has recently been built. A parochial school has. an endowment of £4 per annuni. CLOFFOCK, an extra-parochial liberty, adjoining the parish of Workington, union of Cockermouth,, in Allerdale ward above Derwent, W. division of Cum- berland ; containing 4 inhabitants. It consists of an extensive tract of common, lying on the north side of the town of Workington, and is completely surrounded hy the river Derwent and a small stream. Races are held annually;; and at the western extremity of the place are a quay and a patent- slip. A portion of the ground is called Chapel Flat, and is thought to have been the site or property of a religious house. CLOFORD {St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Frqme^ E. division of Somerset, 4^ miles (S. W.) from Frome ; containing 253 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 17. 6.; patron and impropriator, S. T. Horner, Esq. The great tithes have been commuted for £40, and the vicarial for £135 ; the glebe comprises 6 acres. There is a place of worship for a congregation of Wes- leyans. CLOPHILL (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Amphill, hundred of Flitt, county of Bedford, 1 mile (N. by E.) from Silsoe; containing 1066 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 2340 acres, of which about 1400 are arable, and 700 pasture; the soil is light and sandy, with some portions of gravel, clay, and moorland; the surface is rather hilly, and the lower grounds are subject to inundations of the river Ivel, which flows through the parish. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12 ; net income, £522 ; patron, Earl de Grey. The tithes have been commuted for £239, nnd the glebe contains 70 acres, to which there is a good glebe-house. The church stands upon an eminence at some distance from the village. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. At Cainhoe are vestiges of the ancient moated castle of the Barons d’Albini : the hill on which it stood is high and steep, and overgrown with coppice wood. Here was a religious house, probably a cell to St. Alban’s Abbey. CLOPTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Mickleton, union of Shipston-upon-Stour, Upper division of the hundred of Kiftsgate, E. division of the county of Gloucester ; containing 27 inhabitants. 626 CLOPTON {St. Mary), a parish, in the «ni®a ,af Woodbridge, hundred of Carlford, E. division Suffolk, 4 miles (N, W.) from Woodbridge; contaiuliug 389 inhabitants. It. comprises by measurement 2.107 acres ; the soil is partly strong clay, and partly of ji mixed quality ; the surface ,1s rather hilly, and the scenery varied ; a small stream winds through the lowier grounds. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s .books at £16. 13.4.; net income, £538 ; patron and incumbent, Rev, George Taylor. The church is orna- mented with four beautiful windows, in the later English style, and has a handsome square tower. There are about 14 acres of land and four tenements, the rent of which is applied to the expenses of the church, and the relief of the poor. CLOSEHOUSE, with Houghton, a township, in the parish of Heddon-on-the-Wall, union of Castle ward, E. division of Tin d ale ward, S. division of Northumberlajntd,7^ miles (W.by N.),from Newcastle,; containing 127 inhabitants. The township, which im- cludes the hamlet of Street -Houses, is situated on the north side of the Tyne. The mansion of Closehouse is a handsome structure, delightfully situated in a fine lawn above the river. A school at iHoughton, built by Mrs, Bewick in the year 1823, is supported by that lady. CLOS WORTH {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Yeovil, hundred of Hoiundsborough, Barwick, and Coker, W. division of Somerset, 4^ miles (s. by E.) from Yeovil; containing 164 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Yeovil to Dorchester, and comprises 1071 the remains of a fort, erected by the Romans for the defence of the pass, were plainly discern- ible. The village is romantically situated, in a district abounding with geological attractions, on. the declivities of a shelving and precipitous rock, rising abruptly from the Bristol Channel to the height of several hundred feet above the harbour, and crowned with luxuriant verdure. The harbour, which, together with that of Hartkmd, is an appendage to the port of Bidefordv though small, is remarkable for its security,. and is partly formed by a substantial pier erected by a member of the family of Carew, by one of whom the manor was pur- chased in the reign of Richard II. A considerable trade is carried on in the herring fishery, for which Clovelly is the most noted place on the coast 5 the herrings are esteemed the finest taken in the Channel, and the fishery furnishes employment to the principal part of the labour- ing class. The living is a rectory, valued in the king s books at £19. 11. 5j., and in the patronage of Sir J. IL Williams, Bart, r the tithes have been commuted for £20iO, and the glebe contains 78 acres. The church, which was made collegiate for a warden and six chaplains, by the family of Carew,dn the 11th of Richard il.,. contains some handsome monuments. There is a place of wor- ship for Wesleyansj and a school for girls is supported by Lady Mary Williams. On the summit of the heights above the village is: a large encampment, called Dichen, or the Clovelly ditches, consisting of three trenches, or dykes,, inclosing a quadrilateral area, 360 feet in height and 300 in breadth. CLOWN {St, John the a parish, in the union of Worksop, hundred of Scarsdaee, N. division of the county of Derby, 9 miles (E. N. E.) from Chesterfield 3 containing 677 inhabitants# It comprises about 1855 acres, of which 12^6^* are arable, 5^1 pasture, and^ 58 wood 3, the greater portion of the surface is high ground^ and the remainder undulated 3 the soil on the high, lands is a thin loam. On a substratum of limestone, and in the lower inclined to clay. There are numerous' springs of excellent water, which, uniting their streams, fall into a brook fiowing to Welbeck# The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 0. 10^, and m 627 the patronage of the Crown. Tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1778, and under the re- cent act a commutation has been, made for a rent-eharge of £3303 the glebe Contains 67 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church has Norman portions,, amidst various later styles. Charles Basseldine, in 1730, founded a school, with an endowment of thh^teen acres of land, now producing £26 per annum. There is? a chalybeate spring. CLUN {St. Geobhe), a market-town and parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Purslow, S. di- vision of Salop, 26 miles (S. W.) from Shrewsbury, and 157 (N. W. by W.) from Lon- don 3 containing 2077 inha- bitants. This place takes its name from the river Colun, or Clun, which, ris- ing in the forest of that name, 6 miles to the west^ divides the town into .two parts, and pursues an easterly course towards Ludlow. In the reign of Stephen, or, according to Camden, in that of Henry III., a castle was erected by Fitz-Alan, afterwards Earl of Arundel, on a lofty eminence overlooking the river, the proprietor of which anciently possessed the power of life and death over his tenants 3 it was demolished by Owain Glyndwr in his rebellion against Henry IV. The remains present an interesting and picturesque object in the surrounding landscape, and consist of the lofty and massive walls of the keep and the banquet-hall 3 and considerable masses of the ruins in various parts of the area indistinctly mark out both the ancient form and extent of this once stately pile. In the reign of Henry VIII. the parish was by statute annexed to, and made part of, the newly formed county of Montgomery, from which it was after- wards Severed, and included in that of Salop* An act was passed, in 1837, fur inclosing 8600 acres in the forest of Clun, and in 1839, one for inclosing; 17 OO in the township of Clun 3 several acres are set apart for the recreation of the inhabitants. The town is plea- santly and romantically situated, on a gentle eminence, surrounded by hills of bolder elevation, and consists principally of one long irregular street on the north bank of Hie river, over which is an ancient stone bridge of five sharply-pointed arches, leading, to that part of the town where the church stands : the. houses are in general built of ragstone, with thatched roofs,, occa- sionaEy interspersed with some of more modern struc- ture ^ and the inhabitants are Well supplied with water. Tfepe market is on W ednesday : the fairs are on Whit- Tuesday and Sept.. 23rd, for catllev sheep, and pig.S3 and Nov. 22nd, which is a statute and, a large cattle fair.. Clun,. formerly a lordship in the marches^ was first in- corporated by the lords marchers, whose charter was confirmed to Edmund, Earl of Arundel, in the reign of Edward ll.y at which time its prescriptive right was ad- mitted 3 but the charter not having been enrolled in chancery, and all the records of the lords marchers having been destroyed, its being an incorporated borough was proved by parole evidence. The government is vested in two Wliffs, a recorder, two serjeant^-at-m'ace, and^ Subordinate officers 3 and the bailiis hold a court of 4 L 2 Corporation Sedl. CLUN GLUT record for the recovery of debts to any amount. The hundred court, for the recovery of debts under 40s., is held every third Wednesday, and courts leet in May and Oct. 5 at that in Oct. constables are appointed. The town-hall is a neat modern stone building, supported on arches. The LIVING is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13. 10. 5.; net income, £680 j patron and impro- priator, Earl of Powis. The church, which was formerly dependent on the priory of Wenlock, is a very ancient structure, in the earliest period of the Norman style, and has evidently been of much greater extent than it is at present, having had several chapels attached to it. It has a low tower of very large dimensions and of great strength, with a pyramidal roof, from the centre of which rises another of similar form, but smaller 3 the arch under the tower that forms the western entrance, bears a strong resemblance to the Saxon, and it is not improbable that this part of the building existed before the Conquest 3 the northern entrance is under a highly ornamented Norman arch, on the east side of which is an arched recess, richly cinquefoiled, and probably in- tended for the tomb of the founder. The Incorporated Society made a grant, in 1841, of £150, for the erection of a chapel at Chapel Lawn, in the parish, to contain 23S sittings. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans 3 and a school is supported by endowment from Mrs. Richard Gough, and another by subscription. Clun Hospital, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, was founded, in 1614, and endowed by Henry Howard, Earl of North- ampton with tithes producing a revenue of £1000 per annum : the establishment consists of twelve poor bre- thren, and a warden, and the management is vested in the bailiff, vicar, and churchwardens, the steward of the lordship, the rector of Hopesay, and the warden of the hospital 3 the Bishop of Hereford is visiter. The build- ings comprise a quadrangle 40 yards in length, and the same in breadth, in one angle of which is a neat chapel. The poor law union of Clun comprises 19 parishes or places, namely, 17 in the county of Salop, one in Salop and Montgomery, and one in Montgomery 3 and contains a population of 10,024. Within a quarter of a mile to the north-west of the town, is a single intrenchment, said to have been raised by Owain Glyndwr, as a shelter for his troops during their attack on the castle 3 and within half a mile to the south, is Walls Castle, the sta- tion from which it was battered. About two miles and a half to the north-east, is the camp of Ostorius, the station occupied by that general in his last battle with Caractacus 5 and about five to the south-east, near the confluence of the rivers Clun and Teind, and within a mile of Walcott, the seat of the Earl of Powis, are the Caer, or Bury Ditches, the station of the British hero, and the scene of his last effort against the Roman power. The camp, which is of an elliptic form, compre- hends an area of from three to four acres, on the sum- mit of a very lofty eminence, commanding an extensive view of the surrounding country 3 the steep acclivities are defended by a triple intrenchment of amazing strength, which, though overgrown with turf, is still in a state of entire preservation. This fortification, evi- dently a work of prodigious labour, is one of the most interesting in the country, and, under the care of the Earl of Powis, is preserved with a due regard to its historical importance. In making a road from Clun 628 to Bishop’s-Castle, in 1780, several cannon-balls were found. CLUNBURY {St, S within), a parish, in the union of Clun, hundred of Purslow, S. division of Salop 3 containing 994 inhabitants, of which number 258 are in the township of Clunbury, 6 | miles (S. S. E.) from Bishop’s-Castle. This parish, which is situated in the heart of a sequestered district, abounding with romantic scenery, comprises by computation 6000 acres, exclu- sively of woods and common. There are some quarries of stone for building and mending the roads. The vil- lage is beautifully situated at the foot of a lofty hill, and surrounded with woods and plantations. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £1203 patron and im- propriator, Earl of Powis. The church is a neat ancient structure. There are places of worship for Primitive Methodists and Wesley ans 3 and a school on the na- tional system is endowed with £ 6 . 6 . per annum. CLUNGUNFORD {St. Cuthbert), a parish, in the union of Clun, hundred of Purslow, S. division of Salop, 9 miles (S. E. by S.) from Bishop’s-Castle 3 containing, with the extra-parochial liberty of Din more, 554 inhabitants. It is situated on the river Clun : lime- stone abounds, and is quarried for building and for burn- ing into lime. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £163 net income, £ 530 ; patron and incum- bent, Rev. John Rocke. The church is an ancient structure. The trustees of Francis Walker, in 1682, founded and endowed a school, the income of which, increased by other bequests in 1712, amounts to £46 per annum. The Roman Watling- street intersects the parish from north to south, and in the neighbourhood are two tumuli. CLUNTON, with Kempton, a township, in the pa- rish of Clunbury, union of Clun, hundred of Pur- slow, S. division of Salop, 5| miles (S. by E.) from Bishop’s-Castle 3 containing 520 inhabitants, of whom 304 are in Clunton. CLUTTON, a township, in the parish of Farndon, union of Great Boughton, Higher division of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, 10 miles (S. S. E.) from Chester 3 containing 110 inhabitants. The tithes have been commuted for £65. 0. 6., of which £64. 10. 6. are payable to the im- priator, and 10s. to the perpetual curate of the parish. There is a school, endowed with £14 per annum. CLUTTON {St. Augc/stine), a parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Chew, E. division of So- merset, 3 ^ miles (S. by E.) from Pensford 3 containing 1434 inhabitants. The parish, which comprises I67I acres by measurement, abounds with coal, and mines are worked to a considerable extent, affording employment to a very large portion of the population. There are also extensive quarries of stone for paving and building, and of limestone, and several kilns for burning lime 3 and iron-ore is found in the coal-mines and in other places. The village, which is on the road from Bristol to Wells and Shepton-Mallet, is a polling-place for the Eastern division of the county. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 4. 2., and in the gift of the Earl of Warwick : the tithes have been commuted for £308, and the glebe comprises 56 acres. The church is an ancient structure, in the Norman style 3 between the nave and chancel is a highly enriched arch. There are places of worship for Methodists and Independents. C O A N COAT A school, founded in 1728, is endowed with £20 per annum 5 another is conducted in a large room, built upon land given by the Earl of Warwick ; and from a charge upon church lands, and the interest arising from some charities, boys are taught upon the national system. The poor law union comprises 29 parishes or places, and contains a population of 25,046. In the vicinity are vestiges of an ancient fortification, called Highbury, where British weapons and Roman coins have been found. CLYTHA, a hamlet, in the parish of Llanarth, union of Abergavenny, division and hundred of Rag- lan, county of Monmouth, 3 miles (W. N. W.) from Raglan 3 containing 335 inhabitants. This place, situ- ated on the left bank of the river Usk, and intersected by the high roads leading from Abergavenny to Monmouth and Usk, contains by estimation 1503a. 2r. 17Pv of which 683 acres are arable, 77fi pasture and meadow, and 44 woodland. The vicarial tithes have been com- muted for £115, and there is a glebe of about 2 acres. Clytha House, the seat of William Jones, Esq., is a handsome mansion, in the Grecian style, with a noble portico, standing in tastefully laid out grounds 3 near it are the remains of an ancient chapel, and on the brow of a lofty eminence contiguous stands a castellated build- ing, erected in 1790, by the late William Jones, Esq., to the memory of his lady, and from whence is a beautiful and extensive view of the vale of the Usk, with the Blo- range. Sugar Loaf, and Skirrid mountains, in the dis- tance. Upon the summit of another eminence, at the extremity of the Clytha hills, is a small encampment, called Coed-y-Bunnedd, which retains marks of having been strongly fortified. COAL-ASTON, a township, in the parish of Dron- FiELD, union of Chesterfield, hundred ofScARSDALE, N. division of the county of Derby, f of a mile (N. by E.) from Dronfield 5 containing 352 inhabitants. Here is a school, with a trifling endowment. COAL-PIT-HEATH, a hamlet, in the parish of Westerleigh, union of Chipping-Sodbury, hundred of Puckle-Church, W. division of the county of Gloucester 3 containing 387 inhabitants. COALEY (St, Bartholomew), a parish, in fhe union of Dursley, Upper division of the hundred of Berke- ley, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 3 miles (N. N. E.) from Dursley 3 containing 979 inhabitants. It comprises 2460 acres, of which 19OO are pasture, 300 arable, and 90 woodland. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 2. 2., and in the patronage of the Crown 3 impropriator, S. Jones, Esq. Tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, in 1801 3 and under the recent act, impro- priate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £56. 14., and vicarial for one of £300. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans3 and national schools have been established. COAN W OOD, EAST, a township, in the parish and union of Haltwhistle, W. division of Tindale ward, S. division of Northumberland, 5 miles (S.) from Haltwhistle 3 containing 139 inhabitants. It was an- ciently called Collingwood, which, in its Welsh form of Collen-gwydd, means hazel-trees or hazel-wood, with w^hich the district formerly abounded, until, in conse- quence of the mining operations in the vicinity (convert- ing the w'ood into charcoal) the article became scarce, 629 existing now only in certain places, where, however, it is very plentiful. The township contains the hamlets of High and Low Ramshaw, and Gorbet-hill, and has a coal-mine, called the Rig-pit, in operation. There is a place of worship for the Society of Friends. COAT, a hamlet, in the parish arid hundred of Martock, union of Yeovil, W. division of Somerset 3 containing 175 inhabitants. CO ATE, a tything, in the parish of Bishop’s-Can- NiNGS, union of Devizes, hundred of Potterne and Cannings, Devizes and N. divisions of Wilts 5 con- taining 303 inhabitants. COATE, a tything, in the parish of Liddington, union ; of Highworth and Swindon, hundred of Kingsbridge, Swindon and N. divisions of Wilts 3 containing 43 inhabitants. COATES (St, Matthew), a parish, in the union of Cirencester, hundred of Crowthorne and Minety, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 3^ miles (W. by S.) from Cirencester 3 containing 373 inhabitants. It is bourided on the north by the high road from Stroudwater to London, and on the east by that from Cirencester to Bath : stone of excellent quality is quar- ried for buildings, and for general purposes. The Thames arid Severn canal passes through the parish. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 6. 8.3 net income, £369 j patron, W. Dewe, Esq. The tithes were commuted for land and a money pay- ment, in 1792 : the glebe contains 509 acres, chiefly arable, to which there is an excellent glebe-house. A school is supported at the expense of the rector and a few subscribers. At Trewsbury, in the parish, near the place where the castle formerly stood, the remains of which, with the intrerichirients, may yet be seen, is a well, supposed to be the source of the Thames, and called the Thames head. COATES, a tything, in the parish arid union rif Winchcombe, Lower division of the hundred of Kifts- GATE, E. division of the county of Gloucester. COATES (St, Edith), a parish, in the union of Gainsborough, W. division of the wapentake of As- lacoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 9^ miles (N. W. by N.) from Lincoln 3 containing 47 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £3. 16. 8.3 net income, £663 patron and im- propriator, Sir J. Ramsden, Baft. COATES, a parish, in the union of Sutton (under Gilbert’s act), hundred of Bury, rape of Arundel, W. divisiori of Sussex, 4 miles (S. E. by S.) from Petworth 3 containing 67 inhabitants. It is bounded on the north by the Rother navigation, and comprises by measure- ment 346 acres 3 the surface is diversified, and from the higher grounds, especially from Coates Castle, the views are extensive and strikingly beautiful. The living is consolidated with the rectory of Burton : the tithes have been commuted for £69. 12., and the glebe con- tains nearly 5 acres. The church is in the early English style. COATES, a township, in the parish of Barnolds- wiCK, union of Skipton, E. division of the wapentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 8 miles (W. S. W.) from Skipton 3 containing 101 inha- bitants. The township is situated in a district abound- ing with limestone of good quality, and comprises by measurement 385 acres, chiefly the property of J. W. / COAT COBH Bagsliaw, Esq., and Mrs. Ferrand. The village, which is- situated near the parochial church, is neatly built, Coates Hall, a Ihrge Elizabethan mansion, now neg- lected, was formerly the residence of the Bagshaw family. COATES, GREAT (St,~ Nicholas), a parish, in the union, of Catstou, wapentake of Bradley- Ha.ve:rstoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 4 miles (W.) from Great Grimsby f containing ^45 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 11 . 10 . 10 ., and in the gift of Sir R. Sutton, Bart* : the tithes have been commuted for £6.54. 5,, and the glebe contains acres, with a glebe-house. COATES, LITTLE (St, Michael)^ a parishy in the union of Caistor, wapentake of Bradley-Haverstoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, miles (W. by ^.) from Great Grimsby y containing 40 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £4. 18. 4. ; net income, £120 ; patrons. Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge. COATES, NORTH (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Louth, wapentake of Bradley-Haverstoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 11 miles (N.N.E.) from Louth 5 containing 225 inhabitants. The Louth and Humber canal runs through the parish. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 12 . 10 , 10 ., and in the patronage of the Crown,^in right of the duchy of Lancaster : the tithes have been commuted for £476. 18 . 5 and the glebe contains | an acre. The church, which has a tower, consists of a nave, chancel, and side aisles,. with a chapel. A national school is supported by subscription. There are some of those, wells usually called ‘‘ blow wells.” COATHAM, EAST, a hamlet, in the parish of Kirk- Leatham, union of Guisborough, E. division of the liberty of Langbaurgh, N. riding of York, 6 f miles (N. by W.) from Guisborough j containing, with West Coathain, 371 inhabitants. This is a small fishing vil- lage near the mouth of the Tees, formerly much resorted to for sea-bathing, but recently eclipsed by the neigh- bouring town of Redcar : the sands in the neighbour- hood are well adapted for the promenade or the carriage, and: the prospect is often rendered pleasing from the number of trading vessels sailing in the ofRng. A school is supported by an income of £47, arising principally from the revenues of Kirk-Leatham school, COATHAM-MUNDEVILLE, a township, in the parish of Haughton-le-Skerne, union of Darling- ton, S, W. division of Stocktok ward, S, division of the county of Durham, 4 miles (N.) from. Darlington, on the road to Durham 3 contaming 138 inhabitants. The place takes its distinguishing name from tho family of Amundevillc, to whom if belonged in the first or second century after the Conquest, A chapel dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene existed here at a very early period, and it is probable that it continued for several centuries, it being mentioned so* late as the year 168 #> when, however, it seems to have been in ruins. The township comprises 1466 acres, of which 771 arearable, 668 grass land, 12 wood, and 15 roads and waste. On the river Skerne is a manufactory for spinning flax^ and shoe-thread. The Stockton and Darlington railway passes through the township, on its way to the collieries and the Aucklands : the tithes have been commuted for £95, 17., and there is a glebe of 16 acres. 630 COATHILL, a township, in the parish of Wetheral, union of Carlisle, Cumberland ward,. E. division of Cumberland, 5^ miles (S, E.) from Carlisle * containing 253 inhabitants. Here is a quarry of gypsum. COATON, a hamlet, in the parish of Raven^horfe, union of Brixvvorth, hundred of Guilsborough, S, division of the county of Northampton, 9 ^ miles W. by N.) from Northampton 3 containing 128 inhabit- ants, and Comprising. 703 acres. The surface is undu- lated, partially wooded, and well watered by a branch of the river Nene, COATON, CLAY (-St, Andrew), a parish, in the union of Rugby, hundred of Guilsborough, S. division of the county of Northampton, 6i miles (E. by N.) from Rugby 3 containing 107 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 974 acres 3 the lands are chiefly a rich, pasture, and the substratum is a blue clay: The village is situated on each side of a rivulet, which not un- frequently overflows its banks 3 and the parish is inter- sected by the Derby and Leicester canal. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10 3 patron and incumbent, Rev. Thomas Smith, whose tithes have been commuted for £275, and whose glebe comprises 74 acres. The church is an ancient structure,, in the em’ly English style. COATSAMOOR, or Co atsay-Mogr, a township,, in the. parish of Heighington, union of Darlington, S. E. division of Darlington ward, S. divis^ion of the county of Durham, 5| miles (N. N. W.) from Dar- lington 5 containing 19 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 510 acres: the road from Darlington to Auckland passes on. the west, and on the east is the Stockton and Darlington railway. COAT-YARDS, a township, in the chapelry of Ne- ther WiTTON, union of Rothbury, W. division of Morpeth ward, and N. division of Northumberland, 6 miles (S. by E.) from Rothbury 3 containing 20 inha^ bitants. The families of Fenwick, Robinson, and Turner have held lands here, the first-named of whom appears to have possessed the place shortly after the Dissolution, when the crown obtained it from the abbey of Newmin- ster. The township comprises by computation 235 acres, and: is a bleak unsheltered plain, destitute of wood. GOBHAM (St: Mary Magdalene), a parish, in the union of North-Aylesford, hundred of Shamwell, lathe of Aylesford, W. division of Kent, 5 miles (S.. by E.^) from Gravesend 3 containing 758 inhabitants.. The parish comprises about 2825 acres, of which 1400 are arable 3 the surface is hilly and? w*ell wooded, and the soil, in the greater portion, is a sandy loam, and the. remainder a light chalk and sand. The village stands upon ans eminence,, and is supplied> with water from^ works constructed by the^ family of Cobham : it had formerly a weekly market on Monday, and a fair on St. Mary Magdalene’s-day, grantedYo John, Lord Cobham^, in the 41 St of Edward III. 3 the fair is held on the 2nd of Aug., but the market has been long, disused. The living is a vicarage not in charge 3 net income, £94 3 patrons. Trustees of the Earl of Darnley> a minor 3 im^ propriator, T. Wells,. Esq. The chuTch. is^ a handsome structure, in the early and later English styles, with an embattled tower, and a north porch of ehgant design 3 it contains a piscina in a richly canopied niche, and some very ancient monuments and brasses to the noble: CO B L COCK /femilies.of Cobliam and Brooke. In 13 6 * 2 , John, Lord jCobhanai, rmade it collegiate, and, eontiguons to the church yard, .erected a college, which he amply endowed for.fis^e chaplains, afterwards increased to eleven : at the .suppression it was valued nt £128. 1 . 2 ., and was con- ;firmed by the crown to George, Lord Cobham, whose ■^ecmtors, in 1598, built upon its site the present col- lege, and endowed it with the former possessions, for the maintenance of 20 persons. It is a neat quadrangular building of stone, comprising part of the ancient struc- ture. A school for girls is supported by the Countess of Darnley. The course of the Roman Watling- street is visible in the parish 5 and on a hill in Cobham Park is a splendid mausoleum, of the Doric order, erected by the late Earl of Darnley, at an expense of £15,000. The place confers the title of Baron on the Duke of Buck- ingham. • COBHAM {St. a parish, in the union of Epsom, Second division of the hundred of Elmbridge, W. division of Surrey, 10 miles (N.E.) from Guildford, and 20 (S. W.) from London 5 containing I 617 inhabit- ants. It comprises 5193a. Ir. SJp., of which about 2460 acres are arable, 1217 meadow, arid nearly 800 wood 5 and is bounded by the river Mole, which is crossed by a bridge on the road from Portsmouth to London. This river was anciently called the Emley, from which the hundred, properly called Emley-Bridge, evidently took its namej it abounds with pike, trout,- perch, and other fish, and its banks are adorned with several elegant villas. The village near the church is called Church -Cobh am, about half a mile from which, on the Portsmouth road, is Street- Cobham, where is a post-office. A fair is held on the llth of December. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9. 17. IL 5 net income, £l62j patron. Rev. Charles Weston 5 impropriators, J. Sirnkinson, Esq., and others. The church has a handsome Norman arch at the principal south entrance : its walls are built with gravel cemented into a hard mass, at least a yard in thickness, and cased with plaster : on taking down the riorth wall for the enlargement of the church, in 1826, its foundation was discovered to be scarcely, if at all, lower than the level of the floor inside., A national school is supported by subscription. There is a saline chalybeate spring near the brook which separates the parish on the north from Esher j and a little to the w:estward of Cobham is a barrow, near which a consider- able number of Roman coins of the Lower Empire was ploughed up in 1773. COBLE-DEAN, a hamlet, in the township of Chir- TON, parish, borough, and union of Tynemouth, E. di- vision of Castle ward, S; division of Northumber- land, 1 mile westward from North Shields. It is situated on the north bank of the Tyne, and contains a steam flour- mill, a manufactory for whiting, and a raft- yard belonging to Messrs. T. W. Smith and Co., of St. Peter’s, Newcastle 3 and steam tug-boats are built here. COBLEY, with Tutnal, a hamlet, in the parish of Tardebigg, union of Bromsgrove, Alcester division of the hundred of Barlichway, county of Warwick, though locally in the Upper division of the hundred of Halfshire, E. division of the county of Worcester, 3^ miles (E. by N.) from Bromsgrove; containing 533 in- habitants. The Worcester and Birmingham canal passes near this place. COBRIDGE, a village, partly in the parish of Bu.rs- LEM, and partly in that of Stoke-upon -Trent, N. di- vision of the hundred of PiREHiLL.and of the county of Stafford, 2f miles (N. N. E.) from Newcastle. The ancient ville of Rushton, which has been, auperseded by Cobridge, is described in Domesday book under the name of Risetone ; it was given by Henry de Audley to Hulton Abbey, to which it became the grange, and since the Dissolution has been in the possession of the aneient family of Biddulph. Cobridge is in the Staffordshire Potteries, situated midway between Burslem and Hanley, and contains several manufactories and -collieries. A neat chapel, affording accommodation to about 300 per- sons, with a. tower of brick; has been lately erected by the rector of Burslem, aided by the Church Commission- ers, and the Diocesan Society ; and there are a chapel and school belonging to Roman Catholics, and a meet- irig-house for the New Connexion of Methodists. School- rooms were erected by subscription in 17 fld. COCKBURY, a tythiiig, in the parish TOd union of WiN?CELCOMBE, Lowcr division of .the hundred of Kifts- GATE, E. division of the county of Gloucester. COCKEN, a township, in the parish of Houghton- :le-Spring, union of Chester-le^Street, N. division of Easington ward and of the county -of Durham, 4 miles (N. N. E.) from Durham ; containing 65 inhabit- ants. Cocken was separated from the constablery of West Rainton, and made distinct in 1736. It is situated on the river Wear, and comprises by measurement 380 acres, of which 350 are arable, 130 rrieadow and pasture,^ and 10 waste : coal is obtained in the neighbourhood. The manor-house, which is surrounded by beautiful .scenery, became, at the commencement of the present :century, the residence of a convent of nuns of the order of St. Theresa, who were driven by the revolutionists from their former settlement at Lier, in Flanders. After residing here for upwards of twenty years, they removed to Field House, near Darlington. There is a small national school. COCKE RH AM (St. Mxchael), a parish, in the union of Lancaster, hundred of Lonsdale, south of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster 5 cantaining 3330 inhabitants, of whom 847 are in the township of Cockerham, 5| miles (N. N. W.) from Gar- stang. Courts leet and baron are held for the manor, and there is a fair for pedlery on Ea^ter-Monday.. The Lancaster and Preston railway passes through the ham- let of Galgate, in the parish, over a viaduct 365 feet in length, 27 feet in width, and 40 feet high, supported on six semicircular arches of :30 feet span ; the whole work is handsomely faced with sandstone. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10. 16. 8. ; net income, £655 ; patron, Lord of the manor. There is an endowment in land, producing £15 per an- num, for which children are taught ; and two national schools are supported. COCKERTNGTON (St. Leonard), a parish, in the union of Louth, Wold division of the hundred of Louth-Eske, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincqlt^j, 4j miles (E. N. E.) from Louth; containing 246 dnha- biftants. It comprises by computation 2000 acres, and contains Cockerington Hall, the seat of Williaria Scrope, Esq., a n,eat mansion, in grounds: tastefully laid lOut. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 1. 5j. ; Tiet income, £163 ; patron. COCK COCK Bishop of Lincoln ; appropriators, Dean and Chapter of Lincoln. The greater portion of the tithes were com- muted for land in 1765, and by the recent act, a com- mutation has been made of the remainder, for a rent- charge of £1T ) the glebe contains 160 acres. The church is a plain edifice, with a tower, and contains the mausoleum of Sir Adrian Scrope, ancestor of the present family of that name. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. An almshouse for six widows was founded and endov>^ed with £W per annum, by Sir A. Scrope. COCKERINGTON (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Louth, Wold division of the hundred of Louth-Eske, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 4 miles (N. E.) from Louth } containing 227 inhabitants, and comprising by computation 1000 acres. The living is a perpetual curacy, annexed to that of Alvingham : the incumbent receives an annual stipend from the Bishop of Lincoln, who holds about 300 acres of land in the parish, allotted in lieu of tithes in 1765. The church, rebuilt in 1841, is situated in the same churchyard as that of Alvingham, and was formerly the chapel to the abbey of that place. A national school has been built for the joint parishes. COCKERMOUTH (j4ll Saints), an unincorporated borough, market-town, and parochial chapelry, and the head of a union, in the parish of Brigham, Allerdale ward above Derwent, W. division of Cumberland, 25 miles (S. W.) from Carlisle, and 305 (N. W. by N.) from London 5 containing 4940 inhabitants. The name is derived from the situation of the place at the mouth of the river Cocker, which here unites with the Derwent. The town was taken by surprise, in 1387, by an army of Scottish borderers, who remained here three days. Mary, Queen of Scots, after her escape from the castle of Dunbar, rested some time at Cockermouth, on her way from Workington to Carlisle, and was also hospi- tably entertained at Hutton Hall, then belonging to the Fletchers. During the civil war of the 17th century, the castle was besieged, in August, 1648, by a body of 500 Cumberland royalists, but was relieved on Septem- ber 29th by Lieut.- Col. Ashton, whom Cromwell had despatched from Lancashire for the purpose. The Castle, formerly the baronial seat of the lords of Allerdale, stands on the edge of a precipitous eminence, on the northern side of the town, opposite the confluence of the two rivers : it was originally of great strength and ex- tent, and is supposed to have been erected by Waldeof, soon after the Conquest, although the remains are not apparently of earlier date than the fourteenth century, and to have been constructed with the materials of an older castle, named Papcastle, a Roman fortress, about a mile and a half distant, on the other side of the Der- went, and the former residence of Waldeof. The only perfect and habitable parts are, the gate-house, with two rooms adjoining, and the court-house at the eastern angle of the area : underneath the ruins of the great tower is a spacious vault, thirty feet square, the roof of which is groined, and supported by an octagonal central pillar, with pilasters at the angles and sides 3 this vault, from being called Mary Kirk, is supposed to have been the chapel, dedicated to St. Mary. On each side of the gateway is a dungeon, capable of containing 50 prisoners, the entrance to which was probably through a small aperture, visible in the corner of the arch. The town is situated in a narrow valley, amid scenery 632 richly diversified with hill and dale, wood and water. The Derwent flows on the northern side of it, and is crossed by a handsome stone bridge of two arches, con- necting the town with the hamlet of Goat, 270 feet in length, and completed in 1822, at an expense to the county of £3000 : on the margin of this river is an agreeable promenade, about a mile in length, terminated at one extremity by lofty well- wooded cliffs, and at the other by the ruins of the castle, and the elevated bowl- ing-green. The river Cocker divides the town into two parts, and is crossed by a bridge of one arch, formerly very narrow, but rebuilt on a wider and improved plan in 1828, at a cost of £2600. The streets have been lighted, but, with the exception of the High-street, which is broad and handsome, are only indifferently paved : there is an ample supply of water from the rivers Derwent and Cocker, from some* other streams that flow through the town, and from pumps attached to most of the dwellings : the houses are in general built of stone, roofed with blue slate, and of respectable appearance. Considerable improvement has lately been effected, particularly in the erection and widening of the bridges, and in the market-place, above the bridge over the Cocker. There is a small subscription library 3 also a parochial library over the grammar school, founded by Dr. Bray and his associates, and containing upwards of 500 volumes, to which Dr. Keene, Bishop of Chester, was a great benefactor. Cockermouth is a place of considerable trading im- portance, enjoying, within a very limited distance, the advantage of three sea-ports. A great trade is carried on in cotton, linen, and woollen articles, for which there are some extensive manufactories 3 also in the tanning and dressing of leather, and the manufacture of hats, stockings, paper, &c. 3 and in the vicinity are coal-mines. The moor, containing about 1200 acres, was inclosed and divided under an act obtained in 1813. The market is on Monday, when a considerable quantity of grain is pitched in the market-place 3 and on Saturday is a market for provisions, &c. Fairs for cattle are held on every alternate Wednesday from the beginning of May till the end of Sept. 3 and there is a great fair for horses and horned-cattle on the 10th of Oct. 5 also two great fairs, or statutes, for hiring servants, on the Mondays at Whitsuntide and Martinmas. The town has no separate jurisdiction : the chief officer is a bailiff, who is chosen at Michaelmas, at the court leet for the manor, from among the burghers, by a jury of burghers, ap- pointed for regulating the affairs of the town 3 he acts as clerk of the market, but exercises no magisterial functions, and has no local authority. In the 23rd of Edward I. the borough returned members to parliament, but from that date till the l6th of Charles I. the elective franchise was suspended 3 it w'as then restored by a resolution of the house of commons, and from that period has been exercised without intermission. The right of voting for the two members was formerly vested in the burgage tenants, about 300 in number, but, by the act of the 2nd of William IV., cap. 45, was extended to the £10 householders of an enlarged district, which for elective purposes was incorporated with the ancient borough : the old borough comprises 3000 acres, and the boundaries of the new contain 9500 : the bailiff is returning officer. The county magistrates exercise juris- diction within the borough, and hold a petty-session COCK COCK every Monday. The steward of the manor holds a court every three weeks^ for the recovery of debts under 40s., and a court leet at Michaelmas and Easter j and, aided by commissioners appointed for the government of the several manors comprised within the honour, he also holds, at Christmas, a court of dimissions in the castle. The Epiphany quarter-session for the county is held here in January 3 and Cockermouth is the principal place of election for the eastern division of the county. The Moot-hall, formerly an old dilapidated structure, inconveniently situated in the market-place, has been rebuilt in a more commodious manner, and on a more eligible site. There is a small house of correction in St. Helen’s street. The LIVING is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £ 13^3 patron, Earl of Lonsdale. The tithes of the chapelry were commuted for land in 1813, and under the recent act, for a rent- charge of £150 3 the glebe contains 5 acres. The old church, or chapel, erected in the reign of Edward III., was taken down, with the excep- tion of the tower, and the present edifice of freestone built by means of a brief, in I7II, and dedicated to All Saints 3 it was enlarged in 1825, towards the expense of which the Incorporated Society contributed £175. There are places of worship for the Society of Friends, Independents, and Wesleyans. The free grammar school was founded in 1676, by Lord Wharton, Sir Richard Graham, and others, the income being £24 per annum. Other schools are supported by subscription, and the poor have the produce of several benefactions that have been left for their benefit. The union of Cockermouth comprises forty- seven parishes or places, and contains a population of 35,676. The hills on each side of the Derwent are interesting to the naturalist, consisting of calcareous stone, almost entirely composed of shells of the genus ammonicB. On the north side of the town is a tumulus, called Toot-hill 3 and one mile westward are the rampart and ditch of a fort, or encampment, trian- gular ill form, and nearly 750 feet in circumference. William Wordsworth, the eminent poet and laureate, was born here in 1770. The honour of Cockermouth confers the title of Baron on the family of Wyndham, Earls of Egremont. COCKERSAND-ABBEY, an extra-parochial liberty, in the hundred of Lonsdale, south of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 7 miles (S. W. by S.) from Lancaster. This place was originally a hermitage, then an hospital, dedicated to St. Mary, for a prior and several infirm brethren 3 it was endowed by William of Lancaster, in the time of Henry III., and was subordinate to the abbey of Leicester, but, about the year 1196, it was<;hanged into an abbey of Preemon- stratensian canons. By favour of the crown it survived, for a short time, the general dissolution, when it con- sisted of twenty-one religious and fifty-seven servants, and was valued at £282. 7* 7. per annum. The prin- cipal relic is an octagonal chapter-house, COCKERTON, a township, in the parish and union of Darlington, S. E. division of Darlington ward, ,S. division of the county of Durham, 1|: mile (N. W. by N.) from Darlington 3 containing 482 inhabitants. The soil, which is loamy, is in general good. Thomas Robinson, Esq., has a handsome residence here. The village is neatly built 3 its inhabitants were formerly employed in the linen manufacture, but the trade has VoL. I. — 633 been removed to Barnsley. Divine service is performed every Wednesday, by permission of the bishop, in the national schoolroom, built in 1825 3 there is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A gold, and several copper coins were found in a large stone jar, in the beck, in 1836. COCKEY, a hamlet, in the chapelry of Ainsworth, parish of Middleton, union of Oldham, hundred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 3j miles (W. by S.) from Bury. In the village of Cockey- Moor is a place of worship for Unitarians. COCKFIELD, a parish, in the union of Teesdale, S. W. division of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Durham, 12 miles (N. W. by W.) from Dar- lington 3 containing, with the township of Woodland, 944 inhabitants. This parish, situated on two hills divided by Hamsterley parish, comprises 441 6a. 20p., whereof 400 acres form a common of uninclosed land 3 the soil is clay, with a substratum of freestone of a most excellent and durable quality, the ancient church of Darlington, which was built with it, being still in high preservation. The great basaltic dyke, bisecting a dyke of earlier formation, runs through the parish 3 and there is coal, of which the mines, though they have been wrought for nearly five centuries, are even now slightly productive. An extension of the Stockton and Darling- ton railway, from St. Helen’s station to Cockfield, is of great convenience for the transport of produce. The living is a discharged rectory, with the vicarage of Stain- drop lately annexed, valued in the king’s books at £9. 18., and in the gift of the Duke of Cleveland : the tithes have been commuted for £220, and the glebe consists of 1 6 acres, with a house. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3^and a school, built by the freeholders, is attended by pay scholars. On Cockfield Fell are traces of ancient intrenchments. This was the birthplace of the ingenious Jeremiah and George Dixon, of former, more particularly, was employed in numerous scientific investigations of importance. COCKFIELD {St, Peter), a parish, in the union of CosFORD, hundred of Babergh, W. division of Suf- folk, 4j miles (N. by W.) from Lavenham 3 containing 951 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £30, and in the patronage of St. John’s College, Cambridge 3 net income, £635. The church has a large and handsome tower. COCKHILL, a hamlet, in the parish of Castle- Cary, hundred of Catsash, E. division of Somerset 3 containing, with the hamlet of Dimmer, 116 inha- bitants. COCKING, a parish, in the union of Midhurst. hundred of Easebourne, rape of Chichester, W. division of Sussex, 2-^ miles (S.) from Midhurst 3 con- taining 464 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from London, through Midhurst, to Chichester, and comprises a portion of the Downs. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13. 6. 8., and in the patronage of the Bishop of Chichester. The church is in the early English style, with some latei additions. In 1730, Stephen Challen bequeathed mes- suages for the education of children 3 but the rental is now only £4 a year. COCKINGTON, a parish, in the union of Newton- Abbot, hundred of Haytor, Paignton and S. divisions of Devon, 2§ miles (W.) from Torbay 3 containing 202 inhabitants. This place is of considerable antiquity, am 4 M COCK C ODD ears to hav e obtained a degree of importance at ah y period 5 in 1297, the inhabitants received the at of a market and a fair, both which have long a discontinued. The living is a perpetual curacy, exed to that of Tor-Mohun 5 impropriator, Rev. ^er Mallock. The church contains an octagonal font . a wooden screen. Queen Elizabeth leased the :ory of Tor-Mohun, and the church of Cockington, to George Cary, who, in I609, erected almshouses here seven persons, with an endowment of £30 per annum. COCKLAW, or Cockley, a township, in the parish 5T. John-Lee, union of Hexham, S. division of Tin^ LE ward and of Northumberland, 4| miles (N. by from Hexham 5 containing 172 inhabitants. It is efly distinguished for its strong old fortress, called 2klaw, or Cockley, Tower, in 1567 the principal seat bhe family of Errington, who derived their name from mall hamlet on the Erring burn, where they were ted in 1372. The township extends from the North le along the eastern side of the burn, and the Roman dling-street passes on the east a small distance from village. The impropriate tithes have been commuted £224. COCKLE PARK, a township, in the parochial cha- ry of Hebburn, union of Morpeth, W. division of >RPETH ward, N. division of Northumberland, liles (N.) from Morpeth 3 containing 53 inhabitants. 3kle Park Tower, now occupied as a farm-house, was It about the year 1460, and was once a stronghold the Ogles, but additions have been made since that e, and there is a tradition that the southern part of 1 building was destroyed by fire some five centuries ce } its situation is exposed, and a very extensive pro- ict may be obtained from it, especially over the sea. is probable, however, that there was a manor-house prior to the erection of the tower, as ‘^William of okperce” was one of the twelve English knights ap- nted in 1241 to sit with twelve Scottish ones, to ke laws for the regulation of the marches between ! two kingdoms ; and the Lawson copy of the aid Ented to Henry III. to knight his eldest son, makes !ockelpke” one of the manors of the Bothal barony, e township comprises about 1300 acres of land, which free from tithe. COCKLEY- CLEY (All Saints), a parish, in the ion of SwAFFHAM, hundred of South Green hoe, division of Norfolk, 3 miles (S. W. by S.) from affham 5 containing 244 inhabitants. It comprises 13a. Ir. lOp., of which 2648 acres are arable, 1631 adow and pasture, and 134 woodland. The living is lischarged rectory, with the vicarage of St. Peter con- idated, valued in the king’s books at £8. 17. 1.^ and the patronage of J. R. Buckworth, Esq. : the tithes /e been commuted for £180, and the glebe comprises T acres. The church is in the decorated English le, with a circular tower. A school is supported by ; patron and rector. There was formerly a church licated to St. Peter, which has been demolished ; and hapel, dedicated to St. Mary, has been converted into 3 parsonage-house. COCKS HUT, a chapelry, in the parish and union of .LESMERE, hundred of Pimhill, N. division of Salop, miles (S. E, by S.) from Ellesmere. This place is uated on the road from Shrewsbury to Chester ; two rs have recently been established for agricultural 634 produce. The living is a perpetual curacy, with a net income of £86, and is in the gift of the Vicar of Elles- mere j the impropriation belongs to the Countess of Bridgewater and others. The chapel is dedicated to St. Helen. A school is supported by subscription. COCKTHORPE (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Walsingham, hundred of North Greenhoe, W. division of Norfolk, 5 miles (E. S. E.) fromWells.3 con- taining 42 inhabitants. It comprises 514a. 3 Ip., nearly all arable. The living is a rectory, with that of Blake- ney, the vicarage of Little Langham, and the perpetual curacy of Glandford united, valued in the king’s books by the title of Baron of Colchester, which is now enjoyed by his son. COLD-ASHBY, county of Northampton. — See Ashby, Cold. — And other places having a similar dis- tinguishing prefix will be found under the proper name. COLDCOATS, a township, in the parish of Ponte- LAND, union and W. division of Castle ward, S. divi- sion of Northumberland, miles (N. W.) from New- castle ; containing 36 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Newcastle to Rothbury, and consists of East, West, South, and Middle Coldcoats, comprising toge- ther about 1020 acres of farm land. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £138. 9- 8., payable to Merton College, Oxford, and the vicarial for £24. 3. 2. VoL. I. — 641 COLDCOTES, a hamlet, in the township of Sea- croft, parish and borough of Leeds, Lower division of the wapentake of Skyrack, W. riding of York ; con- taining 16 inhabitants. COLD-DUNGHILLS, an extra-parochial district, adjoining the parish of St. Clement, borough and union of Ipswich, E. division of Suffolk ; containing 66 inhabitants. COLD-MARTIN, a township, in the parish of Chat- ton, union of Glendale, E. division of Glendale ward, N. division of Northumberland, 1 mile (E. by S.) from Wooler. The vicarial tithes have been com- muted for £16. 12. 7. COLDMEECE, a township, in the parish of Eccles- HALL, union of Stone, N. division of the hundred of PiREHiLL and of the county of Stafford; containing 56 inhabitants COLDRED {St. Pancras), a parish, in the union of Dovor, hundred of Bewsborough, lathe of St. Augus- tine, E. division of Kent, 5 miles (N. W. by N.) from Dovor; containing 157 inhabitants. The living is a vicarage, annexed to that of Sibbertswold, and valued in the king’s books at £6. 2. 6. The church is sur- rounded by a trench, inclosing about two acres, with an artificial mount on the northern side, which tradition ascribes to Ceoldred, King of Mercia, from whom the parish is named, and who fought a battle near this spot, in 694, with Ina, King of the West Saxons : it is, how- ever, probably of Roman origin, various relics of that people having been discovered on the site. COLDREY, an extra-parochial liberty, attached to the parish of Froyle, in the union and hundred of Alton, Alton and N. divisions of the county of South- ampton ; containing 18 inhabitants. COLDWELL, a township, in the parish of Kirk- Whelpington, union of Bellingham, N. E. division of Tindale ward, S. division of Northumberland, 14 miles (W.) from Morpeth ; containing 8 inhabitants. It comprises 355 acres, the property of the Duke of Northumberland. Mention occurs of this place in 1304, w^hen Thomas de Harle is recorded to have given all his lands in Caddewell” to Walter de Shaftow, for his life, at 205. a year; in the 18th of Edward II. it was holden of the crown by a tenth part of a knight’s fee. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £1. 9., and the vicarial for £3. 7. 6. A little to the west is a pediment of a cross, on the line of the old road from Elsden to Newcastle. COLE, a hamlet, in the parish of Pitcomb, union of WiNCANTON, hundred of Bruton, E. division of Som- erset, 2 miles (S. W.) from Bruton ; containing 39 inhabitants. COLE, with West Park, a tything, in the parish, union, and hundred of Malmesbury, Malmesbury and Kingswood, and N. divisions of Wilts, if mile (S. S. E.) from Malmesbury ; containing 40 inhabitants. COLEBROKE {St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Crediton, Crediton and N. divisions of Devon, 4| miles (W.) from Crediton, on the road to Oakhampton ; containing 878 inhabitants. The weaving of serges is carried on by hand-looms in many of the cottages. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £20 ; net income, £200 ; patrons and appro- priators. Dean and Chapter of Exeter. The church is an ancient structure, with a very handsome tower ; in 4 N COLE COLE the north-east angle is a screen of carved oak_, separat- ing a sepulchral chapel, which formerly belonged to the Coplestone family j and projecting from the centre of the south aisle is another chapel, attached to the Hor- well estate 5 many of the ancient seats of richly- carved oak are remaining, but much mutilated. Near Wolm- stone is a well, dedicated to the Virgin Mar}^ There are two charity schools. COLEBROOK-DALE, county of Salop. — S ee arti- ticles on Madeley-Market and Shropshire. COLEBURY, a tything, in the parish of Eling, union of New Forest, hundred of Redbridge, Romsey and S. divisions of the county of Southampton 3 con- taining 341 inhabitants. COLEBY {All Saints), a parish, in the Higher division of the wapentake of Boothby-Grafeo, parts of Kesteven, union and county of Lincoln, 6 miles (S.) from Lincoln 3 containing 4*27 inhabitants. The village is situated on the brow of an oolite escarpment, on the road from Lincoln to Grantham, and command- ing an extensive prospect. Coleby Hall is an interest- ing edifice in the Elizabethan style. The limestone, which throughout the parish lies very near the surface, forms an excellent material for building. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 12. 1.3 net income, £126; patrons, Provost and Fellows of Oriel College, Oxford : the tithes were com- muted for land and a money payment in 1759- The church was originally in the Norman style, now inter- mixed with the early and later English ; the tower, of which the low^er part is Norman, is surmounted by an elegant spire of early English character 3 the south en- trance has a Norman arch of great beauty, and the font is in the same style. Many Roman coins, and great quantities of coarse pottery, among which are fragments of sepulchral urns, have been dug up in various parts of the parish, which is intersected by the Roman Ermin-street. COLEBY, a hamlet, partly in the parish of Burton- upon-Stather, and partly in that of \s ,st H Alton, union of Glandford-Brtgg, N. division of the wapen- take of Manley, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln 3 containing 68 inhabitants. COLEDALE, with Portingscale, a township, in the parish of Crosthwaite, union of Cockermouth, Allerdale ward above Derwent, W. division of Cum- berland, 3 miles (W.) from Keswick 3 containing 262 inhabitants. COLEFORD, a market-town and chapelry, in the parish of Newland, union of Monmouth, hundred of St. Briavell’s, W. division of the county of Glou- cester, 20 miles (W. S. W.) from Gloucester, and 124 (W. by N.) from London 3 containing 2208 inhabitants. This place, which is pleasantly situated on the verge of the county, next Monmouthshire, and bounded on the north and east by the Forest of Dean, obtained the grant of a market from James I. During the parliamentary war, a skirmish took place previously to the siege of Gloucester, between a party of royalists, commanded by Lord Plerbert, and the parliamentary forces under Col. Barrow, in which the market-house was destroyed, and Sir Richard Lawdy, major-general of .South Wales, and several officers, were killed : at a subsequent period, during the same war, the ancient chapel was demolished. The town consists principally of one spacious street, in 642 which is the market-place 3 the houses are in general neat and well built 3 the environs are pleasant, and in some points beautifully picturesque, and in the vicinity are several elegant mansions. Many of the labouring class are employed in extensive iron-works in the neigh- bourhood. There is a pottery for the manufacture of various articles of common ware 3 and sandstone is quarried to a considerable extent, the best of which is used for troughs, mill-stones, 8cc., and that of inferior quality for drains and walls. There is a tramroad to Monmouth, above five miles distant, for the convey- ance of coal and lime : this place lies on the edge of the Forest of Dean coal basin, and some pits have been sunk for coal within its boundary. The market is on Friday 3 and fairs are held on June 20th for wool, and Dec. 5th for cattle and pedlery. The market-house was rebuilt in 1679, towards defraying the expense of which Charles II. contributed £50. The county magi- strates hold a petty-session here for a portion of the Forest division. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £142 3 patron. Bishop of Gloucester and Bris- tol. The chapel, built in the reign of Queen Anne, who contributed £300 towards its erection, and substantially rebuilt of stone in 1821, is dedicated to All Saints 3 it has accommodation for about 1000 persons 3 a new organ was lately erected. There are places of worship for Baptists, Independents, and Wesleyans 3 and a national school has been erected. A sum of £200 was recently bequeathed by Colonel Ollney, the interest to be distributed among the poor at Christmas, in coal and blankets. Vestiges of Offa’s Dyke may be distinctly traced in some parts of the town. COLEFORD, a hamlet, in the parish and hundred of Kilmersdon, E. division of Somerset, 6:| miles (W. by N.) from Frome 3 containing 825 inhabitants. A market was anciently held here, which has been long discontinued, and the fair, which was much frequented, is now almost entirely disused, A coal-mine near the church, the most southerly in the coal basin of the dis- trict, yields chiefly small coal. . This place, with the neighbouring hamlets of Lypeat and Kilmersdon, was constituted a chapelry in 1831, when a chapel was erected : the living is a perpetual curacy, in the patron- age of the Vicar of Kilmersdon; net income, £120. There are places of worship for Wesleyans and Inde- pendents 3 and a school, in connexion with the National Society, was erected by subscription, in 1835. There are some remains of an ancient church, consisting of the chancel, and part of the nave, near the present church 3 and in the village are the ruins of a turret with a stone staircase, and piscina, COLEMORE, a parish, in the union of Peters- field, hundred of Barton-Stacey, Andover and N. divisions, though locally in the hundred of Selborne, Alton (N.) division, of the county of Southampton, 5f miles (S. by W.) from Alton 3 containing 144 inhabitants. This parish, noticed in the Domesday survey and other records under the name of Colmere, is supposed to have derived that appellation from the situation of the greater portion of it, formerly, near the western mere or boun- dary of the ancient forest of Wolmer, where great quan- tities of charcoal were made. It comprises, with the chapelry of Prior’s-Dean, 2800 acres, of which the soil is fertile, the surface is elevated, and the scenery abounds in sylvan beauty. The living is a rectory, with Prior’s- COLE COLE Dean united, valued in the king’s books at £22. 9. 3 patron and incumbent, Rev. John Bury Bourne. The tithes have been commuted for £500, and the glebe consists of about 30 acres, to which there is an excel- lent glebe-house. The chapel of ease at Prior’s-Dean, which is endowed with the great tithes, is romantically situated in a sequestered spot of great beauty, and con- tains several monuments to the Compton and Titch- borne families. In the churchyard is a yew-tree, which, with one exception, is the largest in England. A school at Hawkley, contiguous to Prior’s-Dean, is supported by voluntary contributions. The living of Colemore was held from I6O8 for many years, by the Rev. John Greaves, the astronomer and mathematician, who was a native of this parish 5 and subsequently it was held by the Rev. Dr. Richard Pococke, the celebrated eastern traveller. Fellow of New College, Oxford. COLE-ORTON (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Ashby- DE-LA-Z oucH, hundred of West Goscote, N. division of the county of Leicester, 2 miles (E.) from Ashby 3 containing 60 1 inhabitants. This place is beau- tifully situated on the Ashby and Loughborough road, between the romantic scenery of Charnwood Forest, on one side, and the less diversified country beyond Ashby, towards Staffordshire, on the other. The parish com- prises by measurement 2600 acres, of which the surface is undulated. The village is at the extremity of the forest, and, with the church, and the handsome mansion of the Beaumont family, forms an interesting and pro- minent feature in the landscape. In the park grounds is an epitaph by Wordsworth to Francis Beaumont, the poet, who was born in an extra-parochial district adjoin- ing : the neighbourhood was one of Wordsworth’s fa- vourite places of resort, and much of it has been the subject of his muse ; here also, it is said, he derived ma- terials for the Ecclesiastical Sketches. ^ The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 6. 0^. 5 net income, £267 3 patron. Sir G. H. W. Beaumont, Bart. : the glebe contains about 7 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is a compact structure, in the later English style, with a square embattled tower, sur- mounted by a handsome spire, and was thoroughly re- paired in 1812: the altar-piece is embellished with a fine painting of the angel delivering St. Peter from prison, presented by the late Sir George Beaumont, who also ornamented the south-east window with rich stained glass, brought from Rouen. In an aisle railed off from the rest of the church is an elegant monument of ala- baster, with two reclining figures, to the memory of Sir Flenry and Lady Elizabeth Beaumont, the former of whom died in 1607, and the latter in I6O8 : there is also a tablet, by Chantrey, to the late Sir G. Beaumont and his lady. Thomas, Viscount Beaumont, in 1702, founded a school for children, and an hospital for six widows, which he endowed with the great tithes of Swannington, valued now at about £1Q3 per annum : the school is in connexion with the National Society. COLERIDGE {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Crediton, hundred of North Tawton, South Molton and N. divisions of Devon, 10 miles (W. N. W.) from Crediton 3 containing 677 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the river Taw, abounding with excellent trout, and comprises by computation 3300 acres. About forty persons are employed in the w^eaving of serge by hand-loom. Facility of communication is afforded by a 643 road which, within the last few years, has been formed through the centre of the parish, connecting Bideford with Exeter. A fair is held on the first Monday after the 19th of September, when a few cattle and sheep are exposed for sale. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 8. 9. 3 net income, £142 3 patron. Bishop of Exeter 3 impropriator, Hon. N. Fellowes : the rectorial tithes have been commuted for £200 3 the glebe comprises 1 6 acres. The church is a handsome early English structure, with the exception of the chancel and the east end of the north aisle, which are of the later English style, and were erected by J ohn Evans, supposed to have been lord of the manor, and whose monument, with a recumbent statue, is placed in the latter 3 the east window is embellished with stained glass, in which is a full-length portrait of Edward VI., with the sceptre and a Bible. There is a place of wor- ship for Baptists 3 and a parochial school is supported by subscription. On Trinity Green was an ancient chapel, now converted into a dwelling-house 3 and there are some remains of a Roman encampment, near the Taw. COLERNE {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union and hundred of Chippenham, Chippenham and Caine, and N. divisions of Wilts, 7 miles (W. by S.) from Chippenham 3 containing 1209 inhabitants. This place, formerly called Coldhorn, derives its name from its bleak situation upon the summit of one of the highest hills in the vicinity of Bath. The neighbourhood was the scene of many sanguinary conflicts between the Sax- ons and the Danes. About sixty years ago the village was destroyed by fire, and rebuilt of stone, without much regard to uniformity. The parish comprises by computation 3652 acres : stone of good quality for ordi- nary purposes is abundant, but is not quarried. A small fair for sheep and pigs is held annually. The Great Western railway passes about a mile and a half to the south of the church. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9. 16. 3 net income, £92 3 patron, Warden of New College, Oxford. There is also a sinecure rectory, valued at £16. 11. lOj., and annexed to the wardenship. The church is a hand- some structure, in the later English style, with a stately tow^er. There is a place of worship for Independents 3 and a school is supported by subscription. The late Hon. Mrs. Forrester bequeathed property, which was expended in the purchase of thirty acres of land, for the poor. The ancient Wansdyke touches the parish in two places, constituting the boundary of the county. On Colerne Down is a double intrenchraent, called North wood Camp 3 and in the park is another fortification. Within the last few years a very beautiful Roman tessellated pavement, apparently the floors of several apartments, has been partly discovered in an arable field. There is a spring holding a quantity of lime in solution, the water of which incrusts, and gives the appearance of petrifaction to any thing upon which it falls. COLESBORNE {St. James), a parish, in the union of Cirencester, hundred of Rapsgate, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 7 miles (S. by E.) from Cheltenham 3 containing 256 inhabitants. The parish comprises by measurement 2200 acres, and is situated on a river that has, by recent observation, been ascer- tained to be the Thames, of which the source is wdthin four miles. There are some hills in the parish, whereof 4 N 2 COLE COLE that called Pen Hill, supposed to be the highest in the county, commands an extensive prospect 3 and on the summit of another, of inferior elevation, are the remains of a Norman camp. The plain between these hills was the scene of a sanguinary battle, in an early period of English history. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. I6. lOj 5 patron, and impropriator of two-thirds of the tithes, Henry Elwes, Esq. The great tithes have been commuted for £^4^. 14., and the rectorial for £122. 10. 3 the glebe contains 31 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. A school is sup- ported by Mr, Elwes and the Rev. James Holmes. Raps- gate, a hamlet in the parish, gives name to the hundred. COLESHILL, a hamlet, in the union of Amersham, partly in the parish of Amersham, hundred of Daco- RUM, in a detached portion of the county of Hertford, and partly in the parish of Beaconsfield, hundred of Burnham, county of Buckingham, if mile (S. by W.) from Amersham ; containing 547 inhabitants. This place is situated on elevated ground, celebrated for the extent and variety of the prospects on every side 5 com- manding a view over six counties, adorned with lofty woods and finely diversified by hill and dale. The manor-house occupies the site of an ancient and splendid seat, called Quid Stock,” or Stock Place, which origi- nally belonged to the family of Bohun, Earl of Hereford, Essex, and Northampton, and High Constable of Eng- land, who resided here about the year I860. The ma- nor was afterwards the inheritance of the Wallers, of whom Edmund, the lyric poet, was born here, and re- presented the borough of Amersham in three parlia- ments : near the manor-house is Waller’s oak, said to have been planted by the poet, but evidently of much greater antiquity. The hamlet comprises 1800 acres, of which one-fourth is woodland 3 clay and chalk are found in great abundance, the former of excellent quality for the manufacture of common earthenware, and the latter a suitable manure for the soil. According to tradition^ an ancient chapel once existed, and the truth of the opinion has derived confirmation from the recent dis- covery of the foundations of an old building of that kind, on the estate called Churchfield. COLESHILL (^LL Saints), a parish, in the union of Farringdon, partly in the hundred of Highworth, Cricklade, and Staple, N. division of Wilts, but chiefly in the hundred of Shriven ham, county of Berks, 4 miles (W. S. W.) from Great Farringdon 3 containing 386 inhabitants. The parish derives its name from the elevated situation of the village above the river Cole, which forms its western boundary 3 it comprises 1992a. Ir. 24p., chiefly pasture land. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £17. 11. S. 3 patron and impropriator, Earl of Radnor : the great tithes have been commuted for £400, and the vicarial for £350 3 glebe contains la. 18p., to which there is a glebe-house. The church has, at the west end, an embattled tower with pinnacles, and contains some handsome monuments 3 the east window of the chancel exhibits some fine stained glass, representing the Nativity, presented by the Earl of Radnor, in 1787. Lord Simon Digby, in 1694, gave £500 for teaching children and other charitable purposes 3 in the same year, Offalia Rawlins made a donation of £1003 and in 1705, the Rev. John Pinsent, vicar, gave an estate, now producing about £28 per annum, for apprenticing chil- 644 dren. The funds having increased considerably by a benefaction of the Earl of Radnor, the income now amounts to £73. Coleshill gives the title of Baron to the Earl of Radnor, who has a splendid mansion here, called Coleshill House. COLESHILL (St. Peter and St. Paul), a market- town and parish, in the union of Meriden, Birming- ham division of the hundred of Hemlingford, N. divi- sion of the county of Warwick, 18 miles (N. by W.) from Warwick, and 103 ^ (N. W.) from London 3 con- taining 2172 inhabitants. This place derives its name from its situation on the acclivity and summit of an eminence, rising gradually from the south bank of the river Cole, over which is a neat brick bridge of six arches leading into the town : it consists principally of one long street, from the centre of which a shorter one, of considerable width, diverges towards the church, and affords a convenient area for the market-place, in which is a portico of brick. The houses are in general well built, and several of them are handsome, and of modern date 3 the inhabitants are amply supplied with water from springs, and from the rivers Cole and Blyth, which run through the parish. The Derby Junction railway has two stations here, one on the Hampton line, and the other on the Birmingham line. The market is on Wednesday 3 and there are fairs on the first Mon- day in January for cattle and sheep, on Shrov e-Monday for horses, which is the principal fair, and on May 6th, the first Monday in July, and first Monday after Sept. 25th, all for cattle. The county magistrates meet every fortnight, two headboroughs, two clerks of the market, and two pinners, are chosen at the court of the lord of the manor, held in October. The bishop holds his tri- ennial visitation in August 3 and a court of probate is held half yearly in April and October. Part of the workhouse is appropriated to the confinement of male- factors previously to their committal. The town is the place of election for the northern division of the county. The parish is intersected by the roads from Lichfield to Coventry, and from Birmingham to Atherstone and Nuneaton, and comprises 5272 acres, of which two-thirds are arable land, and the remainder pasture 3 a portion is attached to Coleshill Park, about a quarter of a mile west of the town : the river Tame runs through the place, and forms a boundary on the north, separating it from the parish of Curdworth. The living is a vicar- age, valued in the king’s books at £10. 18. 6^., and in the patronage of the Earl Digby (the impropriator), with a net income of £718 : the tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1779. The church is a spacious structure, in the decorated English style, with a lofty tow^er surmounted by an octagonal spire, crocheted at the angles, part of which was taken down and rebuilt in the same style in 1812 5 it contains an ancient Norman font, with an effigy of St. Peter, and a representation of the Crucifixion rudely sculptured on it. There are places of worship for Independents, Wes- leyans, and Roman Catholics. The free grammar school was founded in the reign of James I., by Lord Digby, who, with some of the parishioners, endowed it with 70 acres of land and several houses 3 the manage- ment is vested in thirteen trustees, of whom Earl Digby nominates three. A school was endowed, in 1694, by Simon, Lord Digby, with £500, which have been vested in the purchase of land, for instructing girls, and ap- COLL COLL prenticing children 5 a new school-house has recently been erected, and under the same trust is an endow- ment for two almshouses, &c. A large building is ap- propriated as a boys’ and an infants’ school. About a mile to the east of the town is Maxstoke Castle, in a high state of preservation, the property of Wm. Dilke, Esq., a descendant of Sir Thos. Dilke^ who purchased it in the 41st of the reign of Elizabeth, from Sir Thomas Egerton, keeper of the great seal 3 the buildings occupy an irregular quadrilateral area, inclosed by an embattled wall, and defended at the angles by octagonal towers. About a mile and a half to the south-east of the castle are the remains of Maxstoke priory, consisting of part of the walls and the entrance gateway ; the conventual buildings have been converted into farm-offices. The castle and the remains of the priory are in the decorated English style, and appear to be coeval with the church. Coleshill gives the title of Viscount to Earl Digby. COLEY, a chapelry, in the township of Hipper- HOLME cum Brighoxjse, parish and union of Halifax, wapentake of Morley, W. riding of York, 3 miles (N. E. by E.) from Halifax. In this chapelry, whereof the surface is mountainous and the scenery romantic, are extensive quarries of stone, in which, and in the various manufactures in the vicinity, the inhabitants are princi- pally employed. There are also coal-mines, in full operation. The living is a perpetual curacy, the net income of which, previously £125, was, in 1841, aug- mented with £12 per annum from the Canonry and Prebend Suspension Fund ; patron, the Vicar of Halifax : there is a good glebe-house. The chapel, originally founded in 1529, was rebuilt in I7II, and again in 181 6, in the later English style 5 it stands on an emi- nence, and has a square tower ornamented with pinnacles, and accommodates 950 persons. There are places of worship for Wesleyans and Independents 5 and a school in connexion with the National Society is about to be erected. At North Owram, the district in which the stone quarries are situated, is a mineral spring. COLKIRK {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Mitford and Launditch, hundred of Launditch, W. division of Norfolk, miles (S.) from Fakenham 5 containing 462 inhabitants. The parish comprises 1487«. 21jo., of which 955 acres are arable, 392 meadow and pasture, and 140 woodland ; the surface is elevated, and the scenery interesting. The living is a discharged rectory, with that of Stibbard annexed, valued in the king’s books at £10, and in the patronage of the Townshend family : the tithes have been commuted for £456. 16. 9., and the glebe comprises 46 acres, with a glebe-house. The church is in the later English style, with a square embattled tower. There is a place of worship for Primitive Methodists 5 and a national school is supported by subscription. The poor have £25 per annum from a house bequeathed by Samuel Collison and another, in 1767 3 also 7 acres of land, let for £7 per annum. COLLIERLY, a township, in the parish and union of Lanchester, W. division of Chester ward, N. division of the county of Durham, 10^ miles (S. W.) from Gateshead 5 containing, with the villages of Dip- ton and Pontop, 853 inhabitants. About sixty years ago this district was nearly all waste and uninclosed land, and very thinly inhabited, but by the recommence- ment of coal-miniiig (formerly carried on to a coRsider- 645 able extent, and employing numerous people) and the formation of a railway, it has acquired its present im- portance and increased population. The township com prises by computation I7OO acres, of which about 500, mostly arable, are the property of the Marquess of Bute : the soil is chiefly clay, and, though cold and inferior, pro- duces good oats 3 and the surface is generally elevated : Pontop Pyke is the highest ground in the district, being upwards of 1000 feet above the level of the sea. The Pontop Pyke colliery was first opened in the year 1743, and the working of it was renewed in 1834 by the Stanhope and Tyne Railway Company, to whom Mr. Edward Smith is the viewer : the railway passes through the district, and conveys the coal to the shipping at Shields. The townships of Collieily, Kyo (contain- ing the populous village of Annfield), Billingside, and part of Greencroft, were formed, in 1842, into a district parish for ecclesiastical purposes, with a population of 2000. A church, dedicated to St. Thomas, was consecrated in 1841 3 it is a neat structure, in the earjjr English style, with a campanile tower and lancet win-^ dows, and was erected at an expense of £700, raised by subscription, aided by a grant of £150 from the Church Building Society, the site being given by Miss Clayton, of London 3 it contains 300 sittings, of which 250 are . free. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £150 3 patron, the Bishop of Durham. There are places of worship for Primitive Methodists and Wesleyans. A Sunday school is held in the church 3 and at Annfield , are several day schools, one of which is aided by a donation of £15 per annum from the Stanhope and i Tyne Company.. COLLIERS-END, a hamlet, in the parish of Stan- DON, union of Ware, hundred of Braughin, county of^ Hertford; containing 233 inhabitants. ^ COLLINGBOURN-DUCIS (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Pewsey, hundred of Elstub and Evert . ley, Everley and Pewsey, and S. divisions of Wilts, 9 miles (S. E.) from Pewsey 3 containing 518 inhabitants. This place was formerly part of the duchy of Lancaster^, from which it acquired the adjunct to its name 3 but\ Henry VIII. alienated it to the Earl of Hertford, after-^ wards Duke of Somerset, and Protector of England, upon whose attainder it reverted to the crown, and was. granted by Queen Elizabeth to Edward, Earl of Hert- ford. The parish is on the road between Andover and Marlborough, and comprises by measurement 3241 acres, of which the soil is generally of a light clayey nature 3 the surface is varied, rising in several parts into hills of considerable elevation, and the village, situated on a level plain, is watered by a small rivulet. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s , books at £16. 6. 8., and in the gift of the Marquess of Ailesbury .: the tithes have been commuted for £532, and Vthe glebe contains about 54 acres, to which there is a glebe- house. COLLINGBOURN-KINGSTONE (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Pewsey, hundred of Kinward- STONE, Everley and Pewsey, and S. divisions of Wilts, 4 miles (N. N. W.) from Ludgershall 3 containing 933 inhabitants. The living is a vicarage, . valued in the king’s books at £15. 7* 3§. 3 net income, £261 3 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Winchester. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and a school for girls is supported by the Marchioness of Ailesbury. COLL Jolin Norris, eminent as a divine and philosopher, was horn at the vicarage-house, in 1567. COLLINGHAM {St. Oswald), a parish, in the Lower division of the wapentake of Skyrack, W. riding of York, mile (S. S. W.) from Wetherby^ contain- ing 3^24 inhabitants. The parish is bounded on the north by the river Wharfe, and contains some beautiful scenery 5 it comprises about 2500 acres, of which 150 acres are woodland, and about two-thirds of the re- mainder arable. Sandstone of excellent quality is found in abundance. Beilby-Grange, in Micklethwaite, the seat of Alexander Browne, Esq., was purchased from Lord Wenlock, in 1841 5 the noble mansion is sur- rounded by an extensive park, and the present owner has added much to its beauty. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, endowed with the rectorial tithes, valued in the king’s books at £3. 11. 5^., and in the gift of Mrs. Wheler, with a net income of £414: the vicarage-house is picturesquely situated. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1814. A school was founded in 1738, and endowed with £34 per annum, from funds arising from a bequest of Lady Elizabeth Hastings. COLLINGHAM, NORTH (All Saints), a parish, in the union, and N. division of the wapentake, of Newark, S. division of the county of Nottingham, 5f miles (N. N. E.) from Newark 5 containing 911 in- habitants. The living is discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 14. 2.5 net income, £92 5 pa- trons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Peter- borough. The church is a very ancient structure, in the Norman style. There is a place of worship for Par- ticular Baptists ; and a school is supported by an en- dowment in land, the rent of which is £39 per annum. COLLINGHAM, SOUTH {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union, and N. division of the wapentake, of Newark, S. division of the county of Nottingham, Similes (N. N. E.) from Newark; containing 7^1 in- habitants. This parish, which is situated on the road from Newark to Gainsborough, and bounded on the west by the river Trent, consists of 2862a. 2r. 25p. ; the surface, though generally flat, acquires a degree of ele- vation towards the east ; the soil is extremely various, comprising almost every variety, from the richest loam to the most sterile heath ; near the village it is sandy, but well adapted to the growth of early vegetables, of which large quantities are raised. Fairs for horses of superior breed, and for sheep and pigs, are held on the 14th of May, Whit-Tuesday, Aug. 2nd, Nov. 1st, and the Monday before the 11th of Dec.; and there is a great market for cheese and live stock on the Wednes- day before the 2nd of October. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14. 1. 10|. ; net income, £426 ; patron. Bishop of Peterborough. The tithes were commuted for land and money payments in 1790. There are two places of worship for Wesleyans ; and a national school is supported by subscription. Here is a lofty tumulus, called Potter’s Hill, where many Roman relics have been found ; and south of this, on the Fosse- road, on the Lincolnshire boundary, is the site of the Crococolana of Antoninus, now occupied by the village of Brough, where coins, termed Brugh pennies, have been ploughed up, and ancient foundations often dis- covered. Human bones, with remains of coffins, have also been turned up in a place called the Chapel Close. 646 C O L M COLLIN GTON {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Bromyard, hundred of Broxash, county of Here- ford, 4| miles (N.) from Bromyard ; containing I6O inhabitants. It is intersected by the road from Brom- yard to Tenbury, and comprises 936 acres. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £2. 18. 10., and in the gift of W. Lacon Childe, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £140. 1. 9., and the glebe contains 42 acres. COLLINGTREE {St. Columbus), a parish, in the union of Hardingstone, hundred of Wymmersley, S. division of the county of Northampton, 3j miles (S.) from Northampton ; containing 232 inhabitants. The parish comprises by admeasurement 646 acVes, of level surface ; the soil is various, part being a strong clay ; near the village, rich grazing land, and in other parts sandy. The village is within two miles of the Blisworth station on the London and Birmingham rail- way ; and the road from Northampton to Stony-Strat- ford intersects the parish. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £16. 10. 5. ; net income, £331 ; patron and incumbent. Rev. Benjamin Hill. The tithes were Commuted for land and a money pay- ment in 1779? the glebe contains about 238 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. There is a place of wor- ship for Wesleyans. COLLITON-ROW, a tything, in the parish of the Holy Trinity, Dorchester, union of Dorchester, hundred of George, Dorchester division of Dorset. It forms a small street, on the south of Gildepath Hill, and by the act of the 2nd of William IV., cap. 45, was incorporated with the borough of Dorchester for elective purposes. COLLOW, a hamlet, in the parish of Legsby, union of Caistor, W. division of the wapentake of Wraggoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln; containing 23 inhabitants. COLLUMPTON. — See Cullompton. COLLY- WESTON {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Stamford, hundred of Willybrook, N. divi- sion of the county of Northamp^n, miles (S. W. by S.) from Stamford ; contaip^jg 434 inhabitants. This place is situated on a very high hill, rising from the river Welland, and is intersected by the Stamford and Kettering road ; it consists of 1321a. 9>r. \6p. There are extensive quarries, the material of which, when ex- posed to the frost, becomes excellent slate, and supplies the neighbourhood for many miles around. An act for inclosing lands was passed in 1841. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 9. 7*. and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for £302. 10., and the glebe contains 50 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. COLM WORTH {St. Denis), a parish, in the hun- dred of Bradford, union and county of Bedford, 5^ miles (W. by S.) from St. Neot’s ; containing 575 inha- bitants, and comprising by measurement 2300 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £18; patron and incumbent. Rev. W. Gery. The tithes were commuted, at the recent inclosure of the parish, for about 450 acres of land, valued at 15^. per acre per annum. The church is a handsome structure, with a lofty .spire, in the early English style. The chancel has an elegant window^ of large dimensions, and contains a handfc^me monument in alabaster, to Sir William Dyer, C O L N C O L N a descendant of Judge Dyer j and in the wall is an ancijbnt brass, with the date 13SQ. A school on the natidinal plan is supported by a bequest of £300 three per cents, by the late Rev. R. S. Hill, rector. COLN {St. Denis), a parish, in the union of North- leach, Upper division of the hundred of Deer hurst, though locally in the hundred of Bradley, E. division of1j;he county of Gloucester, 3 miles (S. W. by S.) from Northleach j containing 200 inhabitants. It is bounded on, the south-west by the river Coin, and on the north- west by the old Roman Fosse-way, and comprises by computation 1800 acres, of which the soil is light and stony, and the surface hilly : stone is quarried for common buildings, and the repair of roads. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 19- 4|. ; net income, £450 j patrons. Master and Fellows of Pembroke College, Oxford. The tithes were commuted for land and corn-rents, in 1797 ; the glebe contains 70 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. A school is partly supported by the rector, and partly by £5. 5. per annum, bequeathed by Dr. Radcliffe. COLN-ST. ALDWIN’S {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Northleach, hundred of Brightwells-Barrow, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 3 miles (N.) from Fairford j containing 428 inhabitants. It is pleasantly situated on an emi- nence, rising gently from the river Coin, and comprises by computation 2000 acres. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 19. 4^. 3 net income, £90 3 patrons and appropriators, Dean and Chapter of Gloucester. The tithes were commuted for land, in 1769. The church is an ancient structure, partly in the Norman and partly in the early English style. Schools are supported by subscription. COLN ROGERS {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Northleach, hundred of Bradley, E. divi- sion of the county of Gloucester, 4 miles (S. W, by S.) from Northleach 3 containing 137 inhabitants. It is bounded on the north-east by the river Coin, and com- prises about 1400 acres, of which the surface is irregular, and the soil in some portions clayey and wet, and in others stony. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 0. 5., and in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of Gloucester : the tithes have been com- muted for £250, and the glebe contains about 40 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. COLN BROOK, a chapelry, and formerly a market- town, partly in the parish of Stan well, hundred of Spelthorne, county of Middlesex, but chiefly in the parishes of Horton, Iver, and Langley-Marish, hundred of Stoke, union of Eton, county of Bucking- ham, 46 miles (S. E. by S.) from Buckingham, and I7 (W. by S.) from London, on the road to Bath 3 contain- ing 1050 inhabitants. This place, which is of great antiquity, is supposed to have been the stdition Ad Pontes of Antoninus ; it derives its name from the river Colne, by which it is separated from Middlesex, and is inter- sected by different branches of that river, over each of which is a small bridge. The town consists principally of one long street, and the houses are in general neatly built, and of respectable appearance. The trade chiefly arises from its situation as a great thoroughfare, which has made it a considerable posting-town 3 and it is about a mile and three-quarters distant from the Great Western railway. The market has long been discontinued, and 647 the market-house and the chapel, which were inconve- niently situated in the narrower part of the town, have been removed by the commissioners of the turnpike- roads, who have rebuilt the chapel, which is now a neat modern edifice, dedicated to St. Mary. Fairs are held on April 5th and May 3rd, for cattle and horses. The government, by charter of Henry VIIL, which was re- newed in the reign of Charles I., is vested in a bailiff and burgesses. The living is a donative 3 net income, £1033 patrons. Trustees of the late George Townsend, Esq., for fellows of Pembroke College, Oxford. There is a place of worship for Baptists 3 and several charitable bequests have been made, the principal of which is one by Thomas Pitt, in the year 1657, of some land, now producing £32 per annum, for distribution among the poor. COLNE {St. Helen), a parish, in the union of St. Ives, hundred of Hurstingstone, county of Hunting- don, 5 miles (N. E.) from St. Ives 3 containing 544 in- habitants. It comprises about 2000 acres, of which the surface is very flat, and the soil one of the finest in the kingdom, land letting for about £3 per acre. The living is annexed, with that of Pidley, to the rectory of Somersham : the tithes have been commuted for £540. The church is in the early English style, with a western tower, and contains some remains of figures and armorial bearings in stained glass. A school is supported by subscription. COLNE, a market-town and chapelry, in the parish of Whalley, union of Burnley, Higher division of the hundred of Blackburn, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 35 miles (S. E.) from Lancaster, and 217 (N. N. W.) from London 3 containing 8615 inabitants. This place is supposed by the geographer of Ravennas to have been a Roman station, the site of which is by Whitaker, the historian of Manchester, referred to Castor Ciiff, a lofty eminence about a mile south of the town, where are still the vestiges of a quadrilateral camp, 120 yards in length, and 110 in breadth, surrounded by a double vallum and fosse. The camp is, by Dr. Whitaker, the historian of the parish of Whalley, considered only as the castra cestiva of the primary station, which, perhaps on better authority, he places in the low grounds beneath the town and near the bank of the Colne water, but of which every vestige has been obliterated by cultivation. Numerous Roman coins have been found at various times, and among them several of Gordianus and other emperors, inclosed in a large silver cup turned up by the plough in I696. The town appears to have arisen with Lancaster, Manchester, and other places in the county, soon after its conquest by Agricola, in the year 79, and derives its name either from the Saxon Colunio, the supposed name of the Roman station, or from the Saxon Culme, coal, with which the neighbourhood abounds : it is situated on an elevated point of land between the river Calder and the Leeds and Liverpool canal 3 the streets are paved, and the inhabitants are amply supplied with water. A subscription library has been established. The woollen- manufacture was carried on here previously to the arrival of the Flemings in England in the time of Edward HI., as appears from the rent-roll of the last Henry de Lacy, lord of the manor in 1311, in which a fulling-mill is returned as being valued at 6s. Sd. per annum 3 and the manufacture of shalloons, calimancoes, and tammies, was also ex- C O L N C O L N tensively carried on, for the sale of which a Piece-hall wa« erected in 1775, a substantial stone building, for many years the principal mart in the district for woollen and worsted goods, but now appropriated to the sale of general merchandise at the fairs only. The cotton ma- nufacture is at present the principal branch of business 5 the chief articles are calico and dimity for the Manches- ter market, both of them being made to a considerable extent. The Leeds and Liverpool canal passes through a tunnel a mile in length, at a small distance from the town, affording a facility of conveyance for the coal, freestone, slate, and lime, with which the neighbouring hills abound, and for the produce of the factories. The market days are Wednesday and Saturday ; on the last Wednesday in every month is a large cattle market ; and the fairs are March 7th, May 13th, for cattle, and 15th for pedlery, Oct. 11th, and December 21st. The town is within the jurisdiction of the county magistrates. An act for the recovery of small debts was passed in 1841. The place comprises by computation 20,000 acres, chiefly pasture and meadow land. The living is a per- petual curacy 3 net income, £1793 patron. Vicar of Whalley. The chapel, dedicated to St. Bartholomew, is a very ancient structure, erected probably soon after the Conquest, and, in the reign of Henry I., given to the priory of Pontefract by Hugh de Val 5 it was sub- stantially repaired, or partly rebuilt, in the reign of Henry VIII., when the only remains preserved of the original edifice were the finely-carved screen at the entrance and on the sides of the choir, and three massive circular columns in the north aisle, one of which, having been undermined by some recent interments, suddenly gave way in 1815, and endangered the whole building, which has since been rendered firm and secure. Christ- church, in the early English style, consecrated on the <30th of June, 1836 3 and St. Thomas’ in Barrowford, also built in 1836, were erected by subscription, liberally ,aided by. the Chester Diocesan Church-Building Society. ^ There are places of worship for Baptists, Independents, ^esleyans, and Methodists of the New Connexion. The grammar school, of very uncertain foundation, is en- dowed with a.bout £16 per annum, for which six boys are taught free, four of them by means of a bequest of £40 from Thomas Blakey, Esq., in 16S7 5 the old school- room was taken down, and on its site a new one erected by subscription, in 1812. Dr. Tillotson, Archbishop of Canterbury, received the rudiments of his education at (the school. A school was founded and endowed with £16 per annum, in 1746, at Laneshaw Bridge, by John Emrnot, Esq. COLNE, EARL’S {St, Andrew), a parish, in the union pf Halstead, Witham division of the hundred of Lexden, N. division of Essex, 3| miles (E. S. E.) from ■ Halstead 3 containing 1385 inhabitants. This parish takes the prefix to its name from the family of De Vere, Earls of Oxford, to whom it belonged at the time of the Domesday survey, and its name, in common with others in the district, from the river Colne, over which is a bridge on the line of the Roman road from Colchester. It is about ten miles in circumference, and consists chiefly of elevated ground 3 the soil is a kind of loam, partially mixed with sand, and though not of great tenacity, is tolerably fertile. A fair is held on March 25th. The living is a vicarage, endowed with a 648 portion of the rectorial tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £8. 10. 10. 3 patron and impropriator of the remainder of the rectorial tithes, H. H. Carwardine, Esq. The great tithes have been commuted for £242. 14. 9., and the vicarial for £670. The church is a handsome ancient edifice, with a massive tower partly of flint, and ornamented with several monuments of the De Veres, which were removed from the church of a Benedictine priory, founded here in the eleventh century by Aubrey de Vere, who became one of the monks : it was dedi- cated to St. Mary and St. John the Evangelist, and was made a cell to the abbey of Abingdon, in Berkshire 3 and at the Dissolution it had a prior and ten monks, with a revenue of £175. 14. 8. There are places of worship for Particular Baptists and the Society of Friends. Cer- tain land was bequeathed, in the reign of Henry VIII., by the Rev. Christopher Swallow, who died in 1^39^ for the support of a grammar school 3 the proceeds amount to £188 per annum. There is also a national school for girls. Thomas Audley, lord chancellor of England in the reign of Henry VIII., was born in the parish. COLNE, ENGAIN {St, Andrew), a parish, in the union of Lexden and Winstree, Witham division of the hundred of Lexden, N. division of Essex, 2f miles (E.) from Halstead 5 containing 685 inhabitants. This parish, which derives the affix to its name from the family of Engain, proprietors of the manor, comprises 2444a. 2r. 5p., whereof about 1896 are arable, 297 pas- ture, 15 hops, and 148 woods and plantations 3 the lands are in general elevated, and the soil is of light quality, consisting of loam, mixed with sand. The river Colne forms the southern boundary, near which passes the Roman road from Colchester. A fair for toys is held on Whit Monday and Tuesday. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 17. 6., and in the gift of the Governors of Christ’s Hospital : the tithes have been commuted for £750, and the glebe com- prises 56 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church, a plain edifice with a good tower of brick, is pleasantly situated 3 the parsonage house is a handsome residence. COLNE, WAKES {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Lexden and Winstree, Witham division of the hundred of Lexden, N. division of Essex, 5^ miles (E. by S.) from Halstead 3 containing 444 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the road from Col- chester to Halstead, derives its distinguishing epithet from one of its former proprietors : it is about eight miles in circumference, and consists generally of low lands 3 the soil is loam of various kinds, intermixed with clay. The Roman road from Colchester passes through the parish, to the southward of which flows the river Colne. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 0. 5., and in the patronage of the Earl of Verulam : the tithes have been commuted for £574, and the glebe contains 18^ acres, to which there is a glebe- house. The church is a plain edifice, with a steeple of wood. COLNE, WHITE {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Halstead, Witham division of the hundred of Lexden, N. division of Essex, 4 miles (E.) from Hal- stead 3 containing 419 inhabitants. It comprises 1467a. 2r. 33p., chiefly arable land, and is bounded on the south by the river Colne 3 the lands are generally ele- vated, and the soil of light quality. The living is a COLS COLT perpetual curacy, or donative ; patron and impropriator, W. E. Hume, Esq. : the impropriate tithes have been commuted for £345, and the perpetual curate’s for £135, and the glebe comprises a quarter of an acre. The church, by the name of Colne mi hlanc, was assigned by Aubrey de Vere, founder of Colne priory, and con- firmed by Aubrey, his son, to the monks at Colne : after the Dissolution it was given to John, Earl of Ox- ford, and became a donative or curacy 3 it is an ancient building, with a square embattled tower, formerly sur- mounted by a spire. There is a small national school. The old Roman road from Colchester passes on the south of the parish. COLNEY {St, Andrew), a parish, in the union of Henstead, hundred of Humbleyard, E. division of Norfolk, miles (W. by S.) from Norwich 3 contain- ing 110 inhabitants. This parish, which is bounded on the north-east by the river Yare, and intersected by the road from Norwich to Hingham, comprises about 900 acres. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 4., and in the gift of J. Scott, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £^19^ and the glebe contains 38 acres. The church, a small edifice, with a circular tower, has recently been repewed 3 the font is richly sculptured. A school is supported by the patron and the rector. COLNEY-HATCH, a hamlet, in the parish of Fryern-Barnet, union of Barnet, Finsbury division of the hundred of Ossulston, county of Middlesex 3 containing 216 inhabitants. COLSTERWORTH {St. John the Baptist), a pa- rish, in the union of Grantham, partly in the wapentake of Beltisloe, but chiefly in the soke of Grantham, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 8 miles (S.) from Grantham 3 containing, with the hamlets of Twy- ford and Woolsthorpe, 1017 inhabitants. The village is situated irr a beautiful valley, through which winds the river Witham, and the parish is remarkable for the salu- brity of the air. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14. 10. 3 net income, £585 3 patron, H. Mirehouse, Esq. The tithes w^ere commuted for land and corn-rents in 1805. The church is a small struc- ture, of early English architecture, with a good tower in the later style, and contains a gallery, erected at the expense of Sir Isaac Newton. There is a place of wor- ship for Wesley ans 3 and a national school was founded and endowed in 1824, by E. Tumor, Esq. Sir Isaac Newton was born at Woolsthorpe, on Christmas-day, 1642, about three months after the death of his father, who was lord of the manor 3 he received the rudiments of his education at the grammar school at Grantham, and was admitted at Trinity College, Cambridge, in I66O. The Roman road called High Dyke, passes through the parish. COLSTON-BASSET {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Bingham, S. division of the wapentake of Bingham and of the county of Nottingham, 10 miles (S. E. by E.) from Nottingham 3 containing 403 inhabit- ants. The parish is situated on the road from Notting- ham to Waltham, and comprises about 2500 acres, the soil of which is chiefly a strong clay 3 the river Smite and the Grantham Canal pass within half a mile. Lime- stone is quarried, and sent, when burnt, in considerable quantities to the surrounding districts. The ancient cross in the village w^as rebuilt in 1831, in commemora- VoL. I. — 649 tion of the coronation of William IV. The living is . a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 7. 6-., and in the patronage of the Crowm 3 net income, £270 3 impro- priator, H. Martin, Esq. The glebe contains about 44 acres, and a good glebe-house has been built by the present incumbent. The church is an ancient and beautiful cruciform structure, in the later English style, standing on a hill at a short distance from the village 3 it contains a remarkably handsome screen of oak. There are places of worship for Roman Catholics and Methodists. COLTISH ALL {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Aylsham, hundred of South Erpingham, E. division of Norfolk, 7 miles (N. N. E.) from Nor- wich 3 containing 897 inhabitants. The parish comprises 1129«. 29p., whereof about 1065 acres are arable, 30 pasture, and 34 woodland, and is situated on the river Bure 3 the road from Norwich to North Walsham runs through the village, the west side of which is in the parish of Great Hautbois. Here is a brewery 3 and a considerable trade is carried on in malt, corn, coal, and timber, for which the river affords facility of conveyance. A fair for pedlery is held on Whit-Monday. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 6., and in the patronage of King’s College, Cambridge : the tithes of this parish, with those upon certain lands in South Ruston and Scottow, have been commuted for £340, and the glebe contains about 27 acres. The church, chiefly in the early style, has a lofty embattled tower 3 the nave is separated from the chancel by a carved screen ; the font is Norman, and the interior contains several neat memorials. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. John Chapman, in I7IS, bequeathed £10 per annum and a house, to which, in 1815, the Rev. Chas. Grape, D.D., added the interest on £360 three per cent, consols., making the income £20. 16., for teaching boys. COLTON {St. Andrew), a parish, in the incorpora- tion and hundred of Forehoe, E. division of Norfolk, 7^ miles (W. by N.) from Norwich 3 containing 282 in- habitants. The parish, which is bounded on the south by a stream tributary to the river Yare, forms part of the manor of Costessey, and comprises 900a. 2r. 29p., whereof about 726 acres are arable, and 169 pasture. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 9. 9^., and in the patronage of the Crown, with a net income of £348 : there are 25^ acres of glebe. The church is in the later English style, with a square embattled tower. The Rev. Henry Rix, in 1726, bequeathed land for the endowment of a school and other charitable purposes, the income of which, with a subsequent gift, amounts to £15. 10. 3 and the poor re- ceive £17. 5. per annum from ten acres of land allotted for fuel, at the inclosure, in 1801. COLTON {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Lichfield, S. division of the hundred of Pirehill, N. division of the county of Stafford, 2 miles (N. by E.) from Rugeley 3 containing 6/2 inhabitants. This parish, which is bounded on the north by the river Blythe, and on the south by the Trent, comprises by computation 3000 acres, and the Grand Trunk canal passes through its south-western part. A fair is held in June, for horses and cattle, and is numerously at- tended. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5 3 net income, £461 3 patron. Rev. C. Landor. The glebe comprises 40 acres. The church is an ancient 4 O C O L U COLV structure, with a square tower j the north aisle was rebuilt about 45 j^ears since. There is a place of wor- ship for Wesley ans 3 also a school founded by contribu- tions in 1763, and. since endowed with £500 by the late John Spencer, Esq. ; and a school for younger children, endowed by the late Mr. Webb, with land producing £5 per annum. COLTON, a township, in the parish of Boltoi^- Percy, W. division of Ainsty wapentake, W. riding of York, 6 ^ miles (S. W.) from York j containing 14^ in- habitants. It comprises about 1120 acres of land, of which the greater portion is arable. The York and North-Midland railway passes through the township, and at a short distance west of the village is the road from York to Tadcaster. A neat mansion here was occupied by the late John Bacon Sawrey Morritt, Esq., the proprietor of Rokeby, in the county, and intimate friend of Sir W^alter Scott. A school was endowed by Mr. Morritt with an annuity of £6, and is further sup- ported by the rector. COLUMB- DAVID, a tything, in the parish and hundred of Hemyock, union of Wellington, Cullomp- toh and N. divisions of Devon, 4f miles (S. S. W.) from Wellington. COLUMB, ST,, MAJOR {St, Columba), a market- town and parish, and the head of a union, in the hun- dred of Pyder, E. division of Cornwall, 32 miles (S. W. by W.) from Launceston, and 245 (W. by S.) from London 5 containing 3146 inhabitants, of whom 1337 are in the town. This place takes its name from an ancient church erected by the founder of Bodmin priory, and dedicated to ^t. Columba, and its adjunct to dis- tinguish it from a smaller town of that name in the same hundred. The town is situated on the summit of ah eminence, supposed to have been occupied as a Danish fortification, and is surrounded by extensive tracts of fine meadow land 3 the streets are roughly paved, and the inhabitants are well supplied with water. A copper-mine, called Wheal Constance, was opened a few years since, in which a fine vein of cobalt has been discovered 3 and there are several stream- works in the parish. The market, granted to Sir John Arundel in 1333, by Edward HI., is on Thursday, for corn and provisions 3 and there is also a market for butchers’ meat only, on Saturday : the market-house is an ancient building. The fairs are on the Thursday after Mid-Lent Sunday, for cattle and sheep, and on the Thursday after Nov. 13th, for sheep only. The county magistrates hold a petty- session for the eastern division of the hundred, on the first Tuesday in every month. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £53. 6. 8., and in the patronage” of E. Walker, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £1500, and the glebe contains 30 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is an ancient and venerable structure, with a lofty square embattled tower, crowned by pinnacles 5 within are several interesting monuments. There are places of wnrship for Bryanites, Independents, and Pri- mitive and Wesleyan Methodists 3 also a Roman Catholic chapel at Llanherne. A school is partly supported by subscription. In 1628, James Jenkins, Esq., gave by will i^200, which have been invested in the purchase of land, producing £73 per annum, for distribution among the poor. The union comprises 16 parishes or places, and contains a population of 16,1 67. The curious 650 Druidical circles, called the Hurlers, are in the neighr bourhood. About two miles to the south-east of the town is a large elliptical encampment, called Castle an Dinas, defended by a double vallum, and having only one entrance 3 the longer diameter of the inner area is 1700 feet, and the shorter 1500 3 within it are two tumuli, one of which is surrounded by a small ditch. It is supposed to have been erected by the Danes, and to have been the residence of one of their chiefs. At the distance of a mile and a half, in the same direction, is a fine cromlech, covered with ivy 3 and three miles to the north-east, on the road to Wade -bridge, are nine upright stones, called the Nine Maidens.” COLUMB, ST., MINOR (St, Colvmb), a parish^ in the union of St. Columb Major, hundred of Pydbr^ E. division of Cornwall, 5^ miles (W. by S.) from St. Columb Major 3 containing I68I inhabitants. The pa- rish comprises 5535 acres, and is bounded on the west by the bays of Towan and Watergate, in which are the Small harbours of New Quay and Porth, on the Bristol Channel : the cliffs on this part of the coast are very lofty, and over them proceeds a narrow path, which descends to a fine sandy beach, stretching to Mawgan Porth, and in the rocks are many curious caverns, formed by the action of the sea. The pilchard fishery is carried on extensively at New Quay, where a harbour has been formed for the vessels employed in that con- cern, in which the principal part of the population is either interested or engaged. Lead*-ore is found in several parts, and three mines have been opened, of which two, at New Quay and Narrow Cliff, are still worked with moderate success 3 but the third, at Wakrr- gate, after a large outlay in the buildings and machinery, has been abandoned. There are also quarries of slate- stone, well adapted for common building purposes, and a quarry of stone, partaking of the properties of granite, which is much valued. A fair for cattle is held on the ^th of June, and is one of the chief cattle fairs in the county. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £117; patron and impropriator. Sir J. B. Y. Buller, Bart. The church is a spacious and ancient structure, with a very lofty tower 3 the roof is of oak. There are places of worship for Wesleyans and Baptists. John Francis Buller gave £5 per annum for teaching children, and, in 1782, John Martyn a like amount. There are considerable remains of Rialton priory, formerly a cell to the priory of Bodmin, built by Thomas Vivian, prior of Bodmin, about the close of the 15th century 3 they consi st of the entrance archways leading into three courts, which are embattled and mantled with ivy. There are also some earthworks, whereof the principal are at Porth Island 3 and several barrows, in one of which, on a farm at Tretharas, five urns containing bones were found a few years since. GOLVESTON (St, Marv), a parish, in the union of SwAEFHAM, hundred of Gri MS HOE, W. division of Nor- folk, fii miles (N. by E.) from Brandon 3 containing 42 inhabitants. It lies near the road from Brandon to Swaffham, and comprises 800 acres, the property of Lord Berners, by whose family the manor has long been held. The living is a discharged rectory, consolidated with the vicarage of Didlington, and valued in the king’s books at £9. 0. 2^. *. the church, which was dependent on that of St. Bartholomew at Ickburgh, was, with the village, long since demolished. C O L W C O L Y GOLWALL (St: James), a parish, in the union of Bedbury,. hundred of Radlow, county of Hereford, miles (N., E. by N.) from Ledbury 3 containing 940 inhabitants. This pariah is supposed to have derived its name from a corruption of Collis FaZZwm,.*^ a fortified hill,” which is descriptive of the situation of the place^ The Herefordshire beacon, an ancient encampment on one of the highest of the Malvern hills, and the lines of the circumvallation of which are still very distinct, is thought to have been formed by the Britons to repel the Romans, and some antiquaries are of opinion that here Garactacus was taken prisoner. Near the place a coronet of gold was discovered in 1650, said by some to have belonged to a British prince 3 the gold alone was wnrtb £1000. The parish is bounded on the north and east by a portion of the county of Worcester, and is tra^ yersed by the two roads from Malvern to Ledbury, the one through Malvern-Wells, and the other through the Wyche 3 it comprises 3458a. 3r. 26p. Limestone is quarried, which, as well as other strata, contains fossil remains 3 and common stone is quarried for roads and buildings. From forty to fifty people are employed in glove- making. The llving^ is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £20. 6. 8., and in the gift of the Bishop of Hereford : the tithes have, been commuted for £480 3 there is an excellent, glebe-house, and the glebe contains 61 1 acres. The church, which has 150 free sittings, is an ancient structure, with a handsome square tower, and contains portions in the early and decorated Eng- lish styles. There is a place of w^orship for a sect called the Plymouth Brethren. Here is a free grammar school, founded in 1612, by Humphry Walwyn, and under the patronage of the Grocers’ Company. COLWELL, with Swinburn, a township, in the parish of Chollerton, union of Hexham, N. E, divi- sion of Tindale ward, S. division of Northumber- land, 8f miles (N. by E.) from Hexham 3 containing 393 inhabitants. Colwell, Great and Little Swinburn, and Whiteside Law are contiguous townships in the parish, situated near the intersection of the Gambo road and the Watling-street, and belonging to Thomas Riddell, Esq., who has an elegant modern mansion on the site of the ancient castle of Great Swinburn. COLWICH {St. Micbaei), a parish, in the S. divi- sion of the hundred of Piredill, union, and N. division of the county, of Stafford, 3 miles (N. W. by N.) from Rugeley 3 containing, with Fradswell chapelry, and the townships of Bishton, Golwich, Moreton, Shugborough, and Wolseley, and part of those of Drointon,. Great and Little Haywood> and Hixon, 2015 inhabitants, of whom 205 are in the township of Colwich. This parish, which is situated on the banks of the Trent, and intersected by the road from London to Liverpool, comprises by measurement 6492 acres : there are two quarries from which .a durable stone is obtained for building. The Staffordshire and Worcestershire canal forms a junction wdth the Grand Trunk canal near Great Haywood, in the parish. A fair for cattle is held at Wolseley, on the Wednesday before Mid-Lent Sunday. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6, 0. 5. 3 patron. Bishop of Lichfield 3 appropriator. Prebendary of Golwich, in Lichfield Cathedral : the great tithes have been commuted for £700, and the vicarial for £500 3 glebe consists of about 6 acres, 4^ of which are in the parish of Stowe. The church is 651 of some antiquity, and contains a monument, to the memory of the celebrated, navigator, George, Lord Anson, who w^as interred in the family cemetery at this place, June 14th, 1762. At Fradswell is an endowed chapel 3 also a place of w orship for Independents, and a Roman Catholic chapel attached to a nunnery. A parochial school was built and endowed by Miss Sparrow. The remains of Haywood Abbey, situated in the parish, have been converted into a farm-house,. COLWICK {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Basford, S. division of the wapentake of Thurgarton and of the county of Nottingham, 2^ miles (E.) from Nottingham 3 containing 109 inhabit- ants, This parish, which is situated on the river Trent, comprises by computation 1235 acres 3 the surface is varied, the soil on the hills is a strong clay, and the re- mainder rich pasture and meadow land. The manor is the property of John Musters, Esq., who has a splendid manor-house here 3 the village is pleasantly situated under a long range of hills on the north bank of the Trent. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 1. 0^.3 net income, £220 3 patron, Mr. Musters. The chureh, which stands embosomed in foliage, contains some ancient monuments of the Byron and Musters families. COLYFORD, a hamlet, in the parish and hundred of CoLYTON, Honiton and S. divisions of Devon, 1 mile (S. S. E.) from Colyton. This place was made a borough before the reign of Edward I., and is still governed by a mayor, who is annually chosen at the court of the lord of the manor. The corporation consists of the mayor and burgesses 3 and the mayor, who holds office for one year, and is constable the next, is possessed of a small field, and has the tolls of a well-attended cattle-fair, held on the first Wednesday after March 12th. The road from Exeter to Weymouth runs through the vil- lage. There are lands still called Chapel Lands, but the existence of the chapel is known only by tradition : the great tithes within the limits of the borough belong tQ the vicar of Colyton. A Roman road passed through the place, the remains of which are sometimes dug up. Sir T. Gates, who discovered the Bermuda Isles, was born here. COLYTON,, or Culljton {St. Andrew), a market- town and parish, in the union of Axminster, hundred of CoLYTQN, Honiton and S. divisions of Devon, 5 miles ( 8 . W.) from Axminster, and 151 (W. S. W.) from Lon- don 3 containing 2451 inhabitants. This place derives its name from the river Coly, on which it is situated, near the confluence of that stream with the Axe. In the reign of Edward HI. it obtained the grant of a weekly market and an annual fair. During the civil war, the royal forces in possession of the town ^yere attacked and defeated by a detachment of the parlia- mentarian army stationed at Lyme. The town is plear santly seated in a fertile vale on the road between Ax- minster and Sidmouth, surrounded by fine pasture land and orchards, and abounding with excellent timber 3 the houses, many of which are very ancient, are in general irregularly built of flint, with thatched roofs 3 the inhabitants are supplied with water frpm two con- duits connected with springs a little south of the town. The principal branch of manufacture is that of paper, which is at present on a reduced scale, there being but one establishment, in which only ten persons are em- 4 0 2 COMB COMB ployed : there is also a tan-yard giving employment to about thirty hands. The market is on Thursday, and there are smaller markets on Tuesday and Saturday. Two small fairs are held under the controul of feoffees, granted by charter of Henry VIII. 3 one on the first Thursday after the 1st of May, and the other on the first Thursday after the 14th of October ; and there is likewise a fair at Colyford on the first Wednesday after the 12th of March. The petty-sessions for the division are held here 3 and two constables and a tythingman are annually appointed at the court leet of the lord of the manor. The parish comprises by computation 8000 acres of land. The living is a vicarage, with the perpetual curacies of Monkton and Shute annexed, valued in the king’s books at £40. 10. 10. 3 patrons and appropria- tors. Dean and Chapter of Exeter. The great tithes have been commuted for £600, and the vicarial for £460, and there is a glebe of about an acre, to which is attached a glebe-house. The church is a spacious and handsome cruciform structure, in the later English style, with a low square embattled tower rising from the cen- tre, Surmounted by a handsome octagonal lantern turret with pierced parapets : the aisles have been widened to include the transepts, and now destroy the cruciform arrangement. In the chancel is a beautiful altar-tomb, with the effigy of the daughter of one of the Courte- nays, Earls of Devon, richly enshrined in tabernacle work 3 and in the angles north and south of the chancel are the sepulchral chapels of the Poles, and of the extinct family of Yonge 3 the Poles’ chapel is separated from the church by an exquisitely carved screen. There are places of worship for Independents, Wesley ans, and Unitarians. A school is supported out of a general fund arising from an endowment in land, by Henry VIII. 3 the land, worth about £300 per annum, was part of the property of Henry Courtenay, Marquess of Exeter, who was executed February 14th, 1539. A Sun- day school is supported partly by an endowment of £200, producing £7. 7 . per annum, given in I8I6 by the Rev. James How. The ruins of Colcombe Castle, formerly the seat of the Courtenays have been con- verted into a farm-house. COLYTON-RAWLEIGH (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of St. Thomas, hundred of East Budleigh, Woodbury ami S. divisions of Devon, 2j miles (N.) from Otterton3 containing 841 inhabitants. This place, according to tradition, derived the adjunct to its name from the great Sir Walter Raleigh, to whom the manor is said to have formerly belonged. It is situ- ated on the river Otter, and intersected by the road from Honiton to Exmouth, and comprises by compu- tation 3500 acres, of which 500 are o^ en downs 3 the soil is generally light and gravelly, am the surface is varied with hill and dale. The living ^s a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £16. 4. 9j net income, £4013 patron and appropriator, the Deal, of Exeter 3 the glebe comprises 45 acres, and the glebe-house is a handsome residence, built by the m^'^ipbent, at an ex- pense of £1200. The church is an ancient structure. There is a place of worship for Baptists 3 and a school is supported by subscription. COMBE, with W”estington, a hamlet, in the parish of Chipping-Campden, union of Shipston-on -Stour, Upper division of the hundred of Kiftsgate, E. division 652 of the county of Gloucester, 1^ mile (w. S. W.) from Chipping-Campden 3 containing 178 inhabitants. It forms a deep valley between the hills which surround Chipping-Campden on the west and south, and was an- ciently a lordship, granted by Hugh, surnamed Keviliock, Earl of Chester, to the abbey of Bordesley. COMBE, a tything, in the parish of Wotton-under- Edge, union of Dursley, Upper division of the hundred of Berkeley, W. division of the county of Glouces- ter, 1 mile (N. E. by E.) from Wotton 3 containing, with Simond’s-Hall, 576 inhabitants. COMBE, a tything, in the parish and hundred of Crewkerne, union of Chard, W. division of Somer- set 3 containing 74 inhabitants. COMBE (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Chard, E. division of the hundred of Kingsbury, W. division of Somerset, 2| miles (N. W.) from Chard 3 containing 1293 inhabitants. It comprises 4203a. Ir. of which about 2007 acres are pasture, meadow, and orchard, 2031 arable, and 52 wood. Fairs are held on June 18th, and on the Wednesday before December 11th. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £15. 4. 4^. 3 patron and appropriator. Dean of Wells. The great tithes have been commuted for £31.5, and the vicarial for £440 3 the glebe contains 13 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church has been recently repaired, and the gallery enlarged. A national school is supported by subscription. COMBE (St. Swithin), a parish, in the union of Hungerford, hundred of Pastrow, Kingsclere and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 6 miles (E. by S.) from Hungerford 3 containing, with the ham- let of East Wick, 203 inhabitants. The parish is situ- ated at the head of a valley, stretching towards Hurst- bourne-Tarrant, and at the south base of Wallborough Hill, belonging to the chain of the north downs 3 it comprises by measurement 2074 acres. The living is a discharged vicarage, endowed with a portion of the recto- rial tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 4. 3 patrons, Dean and Canons of Windsor 3 impropriators, Provost and Fellows of King’s College, Cambridge. The church, which is very ancient, and was formerly much larger, was originally attached to a monastic establishment in the vicinity, the remains whereof have lately been converted into a farm-house. Round the summit of Wallborough Hill are a fosse and mound, marking the site of a Roman or British encampment. COMBE, a tything, in the parish of Enford, union of Pewsey, hundred of Elstub and Everley, Everley and Pewsey, and S. divisions of Wilts, miles (W.) from Ludgershall 5 containing 79 inhabitants. COMBE, ABBAS. — See Abbas-Combe. COMBE, ENGLISH, a parish, in the union of Bath, hundred of Wellow, E. division of Somerset, 3 miles (S. W.) from Bath 3 containing 486 inhabitants. This parish, which comprises by computation 1796 acres, is situated near the Great Western railway, and about two miles from the London and Exeter road, from the river Avon, and the Kennet and Avon navigation : there are several quarries, from which stone is obtained for build- ing and the repair of roads. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9. 3. 11|., and in the gift of the Rev. Charles Radford : the impropriate tithes, belonging to Mrs. Salisbury, have been commuted for £187, and the vicarial for £1703 the glebe contains COMB COMB about 15 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is a very handsome structure, and has recently been repaired at a considerable expense. There are places of worship for Baptists and Lady Huntingdon’s Connexion j and a school is supported by the vicar. Here was formerly a castle, the property of the family of Gurnay, but little more than the fosse which encom- passed it is visible. The ancient road Wansdyke crosses the parish, passing by an eminence called Roundbarrow, or Barrow Hill, which has been erroneously considered of artificial construction. COMBE - FIELDS, or Com be- Abbey, an extra- parochial liberty, in the union of Rugby, Kirby division of the hundred of Knightlow, N. division of the county of Warwick, miles (E.) from Coventry 3 containing 195 inhabitants, and comprising 3656 acres. It is well watered by two branches of the river Sow, which partly bound it on the east and west 3 the Oxford canal winds through the district 3 and it is also intersected by the road from Coventry to Lutterworth. Richard de Cam- villa, in 1150, founded here a Cistercian abbey, which was dedicated to St. Mary, and richly endowed : at the Dissolution it contained about fourteen monks, and was valued at £343. 0. 5. per annum : the site, which was granted by Edward VI. to the Earl of Warwick, is oc- cupied by the manor-house : there are still some vestiges of the cloisters. COMBE-FLOREY (*St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Taunton, hundred of Taunton and Taunton- Dean, W. division of Somerset, 6 miles (N. E. by E.) from Wiveliscornbe 3 containing 304 inhabitants. It comprises by computation I6OO acres : there are quar- ries of sandstone and conglomerate of good quality, for building. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 13. 9., and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for £2^0, and a rent- charge of £44 is paid to an impropriator 3 the glebe comprises 70 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is a neat plain edifice. A parochial school is supported by subscription. COMBE-HAY, a parish, in the union of Bath, hun- dred of Wellow, E. division of Somerset, 3| miles (S. by W.) from Bath 3 containing 239 inhabitants. The parish is delightfully situated in a well- wooded vale, and comprises by measurement 1080 acres 3 the surface in some parts is hilly, and the soil in these is a light stone brash, but in the valleys fertile 3 the district abounds with fine timber, and the scenery is richly embellished. Stone of inferior quality is quarried for building cottages, and for the roads 3 and fullers’ -earth is found in abun- dance. A small brook flows through the parish into the Avon, and the Somersetshire Coal canal also intersects it. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 12. 3^., and in the gift of H. Hanbury Tracey, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £240, and the glebe comprises 38 acres. The church is a neat edifice. There is a place of worship alternately for Baptists and Inde- pendents 3 and a school is supported by a few indivi- duals. Mrs. Leigh bequeathed £200 to the poor, the interest of which is distributed among them. The Roman Fosse- way passes near the place 3 the ditch on each side is here very perfect. COMBE-HILL, with Healy, a township, in the parish of Nether Witton, union of Rothbury, W. division of Morpeth ward, N. division of Northum- 653 berland, 6| miles (S. by E.) from Rothbury 3 contain- ing 36 inhabitants. Combe-hill is the name of a farm- house, which has several conical hillocks, apparently diluvial, between it and the Combe-bridge, which stands across the river Font, where the bank is on one side steep, and dark wdth wood, and on the other has a haugh and rising ground scattered with old thorns, hollies, and natural wood. COMBE, LONG {St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union of Woodstock, hundred of Wootton, county of Oxford, 5 miles (W. by S.) from Woodstock 3 contain- ing 605 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, in the patronage of Lincoln College, Oxford, the impropriators 5 net income, £90. The church is in the early English style, with a square embattled tov^^er, having angular pinnacles surmounted by vanes 3 it contains some inte- resting details, and near the stone steps leading to the rood-loft is a stone pulpit, finely sculptured. It an- ciently occupied a very low situation, but was rebuilt on its present site in 1395. COMBE- MARTIN {St. Peter), a market-town and parish, in the union of Barnstaple, hundred of Braun- TON, Braunton and N. divisions of Devon, 5 miles (E.) from Ilfracombe, and I76 (W. by S.) from London 3 containing 1399 inhabitants. This place derives its name from its situation in a deep valley, and its adjunct from its proprietor at the time of the Conquest. In the reign of Edward I., some mines of lead, containing a considerable portion of silver, were discovered, and 377 men from the Peak in Derbyshire were brought to work them : in the reign of Edward HI. they produced such a quantity of that metal as to assist the king materially in defraying the expense of carrying on the war with France. These mines, after remaining in a neglected state for many years, were re-opened in the reign of Eli- zabeth, and worked with considerable advantage under the direction of Sir Bevis Bulmer. They were unsuc- cessfully explored in 1790 : in 1813 a more profitable attempt was made, which, after four years, however, was discontinued : the works have been since renewed, and the mines are at present in operation. Some iron and copper are also found, and limestone is quarried and burnt for agricultural use to a great extent. There is a variety of geological productions in one of the hills, as well as numerous fossils. The town is situated in a deep romantic glen, extending in a north-west direction, and opening into a small cove on the Bristol Channel, which is capable of being converted into a good harbour, and which formed a convenient port for shipping the mineral produce, and still affords the inhabitants the means of conveying coal and lime to other towns, whence they receive corn and bark in return. The houses, many of which are in ruins, and overgrown with ivy, extend for nearly a mile, in an irregular line, along the side of the vale 3 the surrounding scenery is strikingly magni- ficent. The market has been discontinued 3 but the charter, granted to Nicholas Fitz-Martin by Henry HI., in 1264, is still retained by the exposure of some trifling articles for sale on the market days : the market-house is rapidly falling to decay. Fairs are held on Whit- Monday and Lammas feast 3 and the county magistrates hold a petty-session for the division, on the first Monday in every month, at a small inn. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £39. 8. 9.;, and in the gift of the Rev. Humphrey Toms : the tithes amount to COMB COMB about £400 per annum, and the glebe contains 60 acres, attached to which is a glebe-house. The church is a handsome structure, with a fine tower, and was built about the time of Henry III. 3 the nave is separated from the chancel by a screen. There are places of wor- ship for Wesleyans and Independents. A school was endowed, in 1733, by George Ley, Esq., with land pro- ducing £25 per annum : the premises were rebuilt a few years since, by George Ley, Esq., grandson of the founder. Another school is in union with the National Society. There are three rings of stone on the summit of one of the hills in the parish, called Hangman-Hill, the height of which is 1189 feet. Dr. Thomas Harding, a learned Roman Catholic divine and controversialist, was born here in 1512. COMBE, MONCTON (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Bath, hundred of Bath-Forum, E. divi- sion of Somerset, 3§ miles (S. E. by S.) from Bath ; containing 1107 inhabitants. The manufacture of paper is carried on ; and on Combe Down are extensive quar- ries, where stone was obtained for erecting many of the best houses in Bath : clusters of hexagonal brown crys- tals are found in the cavities of the stone, and in the fissures of the rocks are some fine and curiously frosted stalactites. The living is annexed to the rectory of South Stoke. On the brow of the hill which surmounts the village, and forming a conspicuous feature in the landscape, an elegant chapel, in the decorated English style, with a tower and spire, 90 feet high, has been lately erected by voluntary contributions. A national school is supported by subscription. COMBEINTEIGNHEAD, a parish, in the union of Newton- Abbot, hundred of Wontord, Teignbridge and S. divisions of Devon, 3 miles (E.) from Newton- Bushell j containing. 425 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the navigable river Teign, by which it is bounded on the north. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £32. 2. 8 ^., and in the gift of J. W. Harding and W. Long, Esqrs. : the tithes have been commuted for £350, and the glebe comprises 42 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church contains an ancient wooden screen. The church-house, now occupied by the poor, is of very early foundation. A school was founded by Margaret Burgoyne, in 1783 , with an endowment of £100 stock. COMBERBACH, a township, in the parish of Great Budworth, union of Northwich, hundred of Buck- Eow, N. division of the county of Chester, 3 miles (N. by W.) from Northwich j containing 303 inhabitants. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. COMBERTON (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Chesterton, hundred of Wetherley, county of Cambridge, 5|^ miles (W. S. W.) from Cambridge 3 containing 520 inhabitants. An act for inclosing lands Was passed in 1839. The living, is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 6 . 18. 1 1~., and in the patronage of Jesus’ College, Cambridge : the appropriate tithes, belonging to the Bishop of Ely, have been com- muted for £328. 15., and the vicarial for £104 5 the appropriate glebe consists of 186 acres, and. the vicarial contains nearly 6 acres. COMBERTON, GREAT (St. Michael), a parish, in the union and Upper division of the hundred of Per- shore, Pershore and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, 2f miles (S. by E.) from Pershore 3 con- 654 taining 215 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the river Avon, comprises about 940 acres : there are quarries of oolite, in which are embedded various fossils, and which is used for common purposes 3 and a blue clay is also found. A quay has been constructed at this place. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £103 net income, £254 3 p^^tron and incumbent. Rev. Charles Hubert Parker. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1818. The church is an ancient structure, apparently built at different periods. Schools are supported by subscription. COMBERTON, LITTLE (St. Peter), a parish, in the union and Upper division of the hundred of Per- shore, Pershore and E. divisions of the county of Wort CESTER, 2 miles (S. E. by S.) from Pershore 5 containing 229 inhabitants. The parish comprises by measure- ment 7b 8 acres : there is abundance of gravel, which is dug for the roads, and in the beds are found numerous fossil shells and other remains. The living is a dis- charged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 9 . O. 25.3 net income, £258 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. William Parker. The tithes were commuted for land and a money-payment in 1803. The church is an ancient structure, and has been recently repaired. A school is chiefly supported by the rector. COMB-PYNE, a parish, in the union and hundred of Axminster, Honiton and S. divisions of Devon, 3f miles (E. S. E.) from Colyton 3 containing 143 inhabit- ants. This place was anciently called Comb* Coffin, from the Coffin family 3 its present adjunct is derived from the Pynes, its later possessors. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 8 . 11 . 8. 3 net income, £12/ ; patrons, Messrs. Knight, Cuff, and Edwards. COMB-RAWLEIGH (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Honiton, hundred of Axminster, Honi- ton and S. divisions of Devon, 1^ mile (N. N. W.) from Honiton 3 containing 276 inhabitants. This parish, which is separated from that of Honiton by the river Otter, comprises 1740a. 3r. 2 jo., and is intersected by the old road to Taunton. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 20 . 0 . 10 ., and in the gift of E. Simeon Drewe, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £300, and the glebe comprises 40 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is a handsome structure, in the later English style, and contains a monument to the memory of John Sheldon, Esq., F.R.S., and anatomical professor, who died in 1808. A school is supported by subscription. COMBROOK, a chapelry, in the parish of King-^ TON, union of Stratford-upon-Avon, Kington divi- sion of the hundred of Kington, S. division of the county of Warwick, 2^ miles (W. by N.) from King- ton 3 containing 282 inhabitants, and comprising 1 137 acres. The tithes were commuted for land in 1772. The chapel, dedicated to St. Margaret, has been rebuilt. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and a school, endowed by a late Lord Willoughby, with £5 per annum, is further supported by Lord Willoughby de Broke. In 1763, Lady Tryphena Verney, agreeably to a bequest of £300 by her husband, George Verney, Esq., conveyed an estate for the, maintenance of two scholars at Trinity College, Cambridge, to be chosen from this school, or, in default, out of the grammar school at Warwick. COMP COMP COMBS {St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hun- dred of Stow, W. division of Suffolk, mile (S. by E.) from Stow-Market 5 containing 1064 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the road from Bury-St. Edmund’s to Ipswich, and on the river Orwell, which forms its north-eastern boundary, and is navigable from Ipswich to Stow-Market : it comprises by measurement 2770 acres 5 the soil is generally a strong clay, but near the river light, and inclined to moor 5 the surface is very uneven, rising into hills of considerable elevation 3 the lower grounds afford excellent pasture. A large tannery, which has' been established for more than 150 years, is carried on. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £25. 17- 8 |., and in the gift of the Earl of Ashburnham, with a net income of £511: the glebe comprises 30 acres, and a handsome rectory-house has been built by the Rev. Richard Daniel. The church is in the decorated English style, with a square embattled tower 3 the windows retain some fine portions of ancient stained glass. There is a place of worship for Inde- pendents. COMMON-DALE, a township, in the parish and union of Guisborough, E. division of the liberty of Langbaurgh, N. riding of York, miles (S. E.) from Guisborough 3 containing 79 inhabitants. The name of this place is corrupted from Colman-dale, so called from tColman, Bishop of Lindisfame, who had a hermitage here. It was given to the priory of Guisborough by the founder, and continued with that establishment until the Dissolution, when it passed to the Chaloner family, by whom the lands were afterwards divided and sold. The township is in the district called Cleveland, occupy- ing the south part of the parish, and is a narrow secluded vale, surrounded by high and heathy moors, and com- prises by computation 2630 acres of land, mostly the property of the Viscount Downe. In the township is the hamlet of Skelderskew Grange, which anciently belonged to the priory of Basedale, and which probably derives its name from shell, a rivulet, and skew, wood- ground standing on a hill, terms strongly characteristic of the position of the hamlet. COMP, GREAT, a hamlet, in the parish and hun- dred of Wroth AM, union of Malling, lathe of Ayles- FORD, W. division of Kent, miles (S. E.) from Wrotham. Here was formerly a chapel. COMPSTALL, a village, in the parish and union of Stockport, hundred of Macclesfield, N. division of the county of Chester, 5 miles from Stockport. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in spinning, power- loom weaving, bleaching, and printing, and the remain- der principally at extensive coal-works in the neighbour- hood. Thirty-live years since, Compstall consisted of only a few straggling cottages, but since the establish- ment of the cotton-manufacture, it has been gradually rising to its present thriving condition. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans 5 and two schools are in union with the National Society. COMPTON {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Wantage, hundred of Compton, county of Berks, ;2|: miles (E. S. E.) from East Ilsley 3 containing 544 in- feabitants, and comprising by admeasurement 3600 acres. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £11. 14. 4^.5 net income, £330 3 patron, John Thomas Wasey, Esq. 3 impropriators, Rev. James Best and Messrs. Palmer. 655 COMPTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Ashbourn, hundred of Morleston and Litchurch, though locally in the hundred of Appletree, S. division of the county of Derby, ^ a mile (S. E.) from Ashbourn. A chapel, called Sion Chapel, with six almshouses attached to it, under the direction of the trustees of the Countess of Huntingdon’s College, was built here by John Cooper, who, by deed in 1801, endowed them with £4500 three per cent, reduced annuities, yielding a dividend of about £130 per annum. The premises were repaired in 1824. COMPTON, a tything, in the parish and union of Newent, hundred of Botloe, W. division of the county of Gloucester 3 containing 504 inhabitants. COMPTON, a tything, in the parish of Hen bury, union of Clifton, Upper division of the hundred of Henbury, W. division of the county of Gloucester 3 containing 144 inhabitants. 'COMPTON (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Winchester, hundred of Buddlesgate, Winchester and N. divisions of the countv of Southampton, 2 miles (S. S. W.) from Winchester 3 containing 304 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the London and Southamp- ton road, and comprises by measurement 2099 acres 3 and the Itchen navigation and the London and South- Western railway pass through it. The living is a rec- tory, valued in the king's books at £23. 6 . 8. 3 net income, £329 3 patron. Bishop of Winchester. The church, which is small, has portions in various styles, the Norman predominating, and contains a handsome monument, by Westmacott, to Dr. Huntingford, Bishop of Hereford, and Warden of Winchester College. A nationaT school is supported by subscription. COMPTON, a liberty, in the parish of Tettenhall- Regis, union of Seisdon, N. division of the hundred of Seisdon, S. division of the county of Stafford 3 con- taining 641 inhabitants. COMPTON (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Guildford, First division of the hundred of Godal- ming, W. division of Surrey, 3j miles (S. W. by W.) from Guildford 3 containing 522 inhabitants. It ex- tends to the top of the chalk hill from Guildford to Farnham 3 the soil is chalk, sand, and a little clay. The Hog’s Back runs through the parish, and commands fine views of the surrounding country. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £15. 4. 9^.3 patron and impropriator. Rev. George M. Molyneaux : the tithes have been commuted for £421. 15., and the glebe contains nearly 7 ^ acres, to which there is a glebe- house. The church has a low tower and spire, and a curious chancel, with a groined roof, and a chapel over it 3 these portions are in the early English style, but there are others of decorated character. A school is supported by subscription. Dr. Edward Fulham, who attended Charles II. during his exile, and was the first canon of Windsor appointed after the Restoration, was born here in 1604. COMPTON (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Westbourne, hundred of Westbourne, and Single- ton, rape of Chichester, W. division of Sussex, 10 miles (N. W.) from Chichester 3 containing 274 inhabit- ants. The parish is bounded on the west by the county of Southampton, and the village is situated on one of the roads from Petersfield to Chichester. The living is a vicarage, endowed with a small portion of the rectorial COMP COMP tithes, with Up-Marden annexed, and valued in the king’s books at £13. 6. 8. 3 patron, and impropriator of the remainder of the rectorial tithes, M. R. Langdale, Esq. The great tithes have been commuted for £130, and the vicarial for £131, and the glebe comprises 4 acres. The church is in the early and decorated English styles, and contains some neat monuments to the fami- lies of Peckham and Phipps. Edward Flower, in 15!21, founded a free grammar school, with an endowment of £100, to be laid out in land : Thomas Pelham gave £80, with a rent-charge of £^0, and, in 1528, William Spicer conveyed lands in furtherance of the charity, the total income of which amounts to £28. COMPTON, a tything, in the parish of Enford, union of Pewsey, hundred of Elstub and Everley, Everley and Pewsey, and S. divisions of Wilts 3 con- taining 73 inhabitants. COMPTON-ABBAS, or West Compton (St, Mi- chael), a parish, in the union of Dorchester, hun- dred of Cerne, Totcombe, and Mod bury, Dorchester division of Dorset, 9 miles (W. N. W.) from Dorches- ter 3 containing 91 inhabitants. It derives the adjunct to its name from having once formed part of the pos- sessions of Milton Abbey. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 0. 5.3 net income, £191 3 patron, R. Williams, Esq. COMPTON-ABBAS (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Shaftesbury, hundred of Sixpenny-Hand- LEY, Shaston division of Dorset, 3^ miles (S. by E.) from Shaftesbury 3 containing 439 inhabitants. This parish, which derives its name from the situation of the village in a combe or vale, and its adjunct from its annexation to Shaston Abbey, lies on the road from Shaftesbury to Blandford Forum, and comprises by mea- surement 1300 acres : there are some quarries of green sandstone used for building. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 16. 2^., and in the gift of Sir R. P. Glyn, Bart. : the tithes have been com- muted for £350. The church is a small ancient edifice, with a tower, on the summit of which is a pear-tree in full vigour. COMPTON-ABDALE (St. Oswald), a parish, in the union of Northleach, hundred of Bradley, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 4j miles (W. N. W.) from Northleach 3 containing 260 inhabit- ants. The river Coin runs through the parish, which is well wooded. The living is a perpetual curacy, net income, £78 3 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Bristol. The church is a small ancient building. COMPTON-B ASSET (St, S within), a parish, in the union and hundred of Calne, Chippenham and Caine, and N. divisions of Wilts, 2j miles (E. N. E.) from Caine 3 containing 498 inhabitants. It comprises by estimation 2236 acres 3 the surface is pleasingly varied with hill and dale 3 the soil on the hills is chalky, but in the vale a rich clay. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 6. lOj., and in the gift of the Bishop of Salisbury : the tithes have been commuted for £57^. 16. 6., out of which £12 are paid to the vicar of Caine, and l6s. 6d. to the treasurer of Salisbury Cathedral 3 the glebe comprises 45 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. A school is supported by Mrs. Heneage, and another by Mr. Heneage and the rector. 656 COMPTON-BEAUCHAMP (St. Swithin), a parish, in the union of Farringdon, hundred of Shrivenham, county of Berks, 6| miles (S. by W.) from Great Far- ringdon 3 containing, with the hamlet of Knighton, 157 inhabitants. It is intersected by the Great Western railway, and situated near the Wilts and Berks canal, which passes along its northern border. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 18. 9., and in the patronage of Mrs. Wright : the tithes have been commuted for £338, and the glebe comprises 22j acres, to which there is a glebe-house. A school is supported by subscription,. Here is an extensive double-trenched encampment, thought to be Roman, from the coins dis- covered upon the spot, near which passes the Ikeneld road. COMPTON-BISHOP (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Axbrtdge, hundred of Winterstoke, E. division of Somerset, 2j miles (W. N. W.) from Ax- bridge 3 containing 802 inhabitants. It is intersected by the Bristol and Exeter road and the river Axe, and comprises 1709«. 2r. 9>p . : there is a good supply of ex- cellent limestone in the hills. The village is situated in a hollow, under the southern declivity of the Mendip range, presenting a very picturesque appearance : the village of Cross, in the parish, is a station of the General Post-Office. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £11 3 patron and appropriator. Prebendary of Compton-Bishop, in the Cathedral of Wells: the great tithes have been commuted for £71.2., and the vicarial for £203. 17- 3 the rectorial glebe con- tains 82| acres, and the vicar’s nearly 7 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church has a handsome stone pulpit, and the exterior arch of the porch is in the Norman style : in the churchyard is an ancient cross. A parochial school is supported partly by a be- quest of William Cray, in 1728. A little to the south- west of Compton is a spacious natural cave, entered by a perpendicular shaft 3 and proceeding by a difficult winding passage, a still more extensive cavern opens to the sight : from the roof, which expands into a kind of arch, hung formerly some beautiful specimens of stalac- tites 3 and various incrustations, assuming the most fantastic shapes, lay scattered about, but all have been defaced or removed by visiters. COMPTON-CHAMBERLAIN (St. Michael), a pa- rish, in the union of Wilton, S. division of the hun- dred of Damerham, S. division of Wilts, 8 miles (W.) from Salisbury 3 containing 350 inhabitants. It abounds with green sandstone, used for building. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £133 net income, £99 3 patron and impropriator, J. H. Penruddock, Esq. : the rector is entitled to a rent- charge of £67. 12. out of the tithes of the parish of Tisbury. The church is an ancient cruciform structure, in the decorated English style, with a square embattled tower on the south side, forming in the lower part a porch to the church. Colonel Penruddock, who was executed at Exeter, in 1655, for an attempt to restore Charles II. to the throne, resided in the parish. COMPTON-DANDO (St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Keepesham, E. division of Somerset, 2 miles (E. by N.) from Pensford 3 contain- ing, with part of Woolard hamlet, 359 inhabitants. It is situated on the river Chew, and comprises 1845 acres by measurement : there are some quarries of stone, but COMP COMP of a quality fit only for the roughest buildings and for the roads. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 10. 5.; net income, £180) patron and appropriator, the Bishop of Bath and Wells: the glebe comprises 50 acres, with a house. The church is a handsome structure, in the decorated and later English styles, with a square embattled tower *, at the north-east angle of the building is an enriched buttress, the lowest portion of which is formed of the remains of a Roman altar, displaying in one of its faces a statue of Hercules Pacificator, and in the other, one of Apollo. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A cold spring in the parish is slightly impregnated with iron. The Wansdyke traverses the parish in a north westerly direction. COMPTON-DUNDON (7 acres, to which there is a glebe-house, lately built. The church is a large handsome structure, erected in the reign of Henry YII., and has an embat- tled tower with octagonal pinnacles ; the windows are adorned with stained glass 5 the interior has lately undergone extensive repairs, and contains many monu- ments to the Cottons, and an inscribed tablet to the memory of Prince Henry of Scotland, Lord of Coning- ton, &c. The Rev. James Oram, in i7d9, left £1000 for the endowment of two schools, one being at this place. Sir Robert Cotton, Bart., on making an excava- tion for a pond, found the skeleton of a sea fish, twenty feet long, lying in perfect silt, about six feet below the surface of the ground, and as much above the present level of the fens. CONISBROUGH (St, Peter), a parish, in the union of Doncaster, S. division of the wapentake of Strafforth and Tickhill, W. riding of York, 6| miles (N. E. by E.) from Rotherham j containing 1445 inhabitants. This place, which is situated on the road from Sheffield to Doncaster, is of high antiquity, and has been connected with all the different dynasties by wffiich Britain has been governed : it is stated to have been the seat of a civil jurisdiction, comprising twenty-eight towns, and is famed for the ruin of its ancient and cele- brated Saxon castle, which stands upon a conical hill rising abruptly from the Don, and consists of the body of a strong circular tower encompassed by the ordinary concomitants of strong fortifications. It is first men- tioned as a fortress belonging to Hengist, the Saxon leader, who was defeated here, in 487, by Aurelius Am- brosius, and again in 489, at which period, according to Geoffry of Monmouth, he was made prisoner and sub- sequently beheaded at the northern gate of the citadel, where a tumulus is said to cover his relics : some, how- ever, suppose that the present pile was erected by Earl Warren, to wffiom William the Conqueror gave the manor. In this castle, Richard, Earl of Cambridge, second son of the Duke of York, and grandson of Ed- ward III., was born, who was beheaded for conspiring against Henry V. The round tower, or keep, is almost perfect, the remaining part forming a picturesque ruin : one of the principal scenes in Sir Walter Scott’s romance of Ivanhoe is laid here. The parish comprises about 4000 acres of fertile land, situated in the vale of the Don, and abounds with beautiful scenery : limestone of good quality is quarried to some extent, and the inha- bitants are partly employed in the manufacture of linen checks. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 12. 8|. ; patron. Archbishop of York ^ impropriators, Sackville Lane Fox, Esq., and others. The great tithes have been commuted for 661 £366. 16., and the vicarial for £223. 6., and a rent-charge of £1. J 1. is paid to the archbishop ; the glebe contains 66J acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is of Norman character, combined with the early, deco- rated, and later styles of English architecture, and had formerly a chantry, founded in the fifteenth of Edward II. : there are several monuments, and the mutilated statue of a knight, together with a curious stone, adorned with many hieroglyphics. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans 5 also a school, erected by subscription, in 1812, the income of which, amounting to £7. 10., arises from the rent of the old school premises, and an endowment of £2 a year. CONISCLIFFE (St. Edwin), a parish, in the union of Darlington, S. E. division of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Durham ; containing 422 inhabitants, of whom 244 are in the township of High Coniscliffe, 4 miles (W. by N.) from Darlington on the road to Barnard-Castle. Limestone is burnt into lime at Carlbury, where there are extensive kilns. The vil- lage of High Coniscliffe, in which stands the church, is situated on the north bank of the Tees, occupying an eminence nearly surrounded by quarries. Carlbury, a township in the parish, was the scene of a sharp strug- gle between the royal and parliamentary forces. The living is a vicarage, endowed with a portion of the rec- torial tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £7. 18. 1^. 5 net income, £216 3 patron. Bishop of Durham •, impro- priator of the remainder of the rectorial tithes, P. H. Howard, Esq. The church is a very ancient structure, partly in the Norman and partly in the early English style, with a Norman tower surmounted by a handsome spire. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans j and a school is partly supported by subscription. Bones and cannon-balls are frequently found at Carlbury. CONISCLIFFE, LOW, a township, in the parish of Coniscliffe, union of Darlington, S. E, division of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Dur- ham, 3 miles (W.) from Darlington j containing 134 inhabitants. This place is on the north bank of the Tees, and on the road from Darlington to Carlbury. Thornton Hall, within the township, now a farm-house, was anciently the seat of the Tailbois, the Thornton, the Bowes, and Honeywood families. CONISHOLM (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Louth, Marsh division of the hundred of Louth- Eske, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 8 ^ miles (N. E. by E.) from Louth 3 containing 146 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s iJooks at £9. 13. 6|., and in the gift of the Earl of Ripon : the tithes have been commuted for £180. 2. 6., and the glebe contains 64 acres. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. CONISTON, a township, in the parish of Swine, union of Skirlaugh, Middle division of the wapentake of Holderness, E. riding of York, 5| miles (N. E. by N.) from Hull 3 containing 110 inhabitants. The abbey of Thornton had possessions at this place, styled in Domesday book Coiningseshi, in the 12th century 3 the monastery of Swine held land here at a later period 5 and among other proprietors in former times occurs the family of Cobbe. The township consists of about 600 acres 5 the village is pleasantly situated on the road leading from Hull to Hornsea. The tithes were com- muted for land and, a money payment in I789. -A? C O N O CONS CONISTON, with Kilns ay, a chapelry, in the parish of Bxjrnsall, union of Skipton, E. division of the wapentake of Stainclipfe and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 12 miles (N. by E.) from Skipton 3 containing 17^ inhabitants. The chapelry comprises by compu- tation 5380 acres, a great portion of which is open moorland, affording tolerable pasture. Kilnsay Craggs, a lofty range of limestone rocks rising to the height of 170 feet, presenting a rugged front of more than half a mile in length, and in places overhanging the line of their base nearly forty feet, form a strikingly grand and romantic feature in the scenery of Wharfdale. The chapel, dedicated to St. Mary, is a small neat edifice, in which the incumbent of Burnsall officiates. At the inclosure, 15a. 2?’. 3p. of land were given to the poor in lieu of right of pasture, but it produces only £5 per annum. CONISTON, COLD, a township, in the parish of Gargrave, union of Skipton, E. division of the wapen- take of Staingltffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 7 miles (W. N. W.) from Skipton 3 containing 242 inha- bitants. This place was distinguished during the Border warfare for the intrepid conduct of its inhabitants, who, in an attempt to resist the progress of an army of Scot- tish invaders at a spot called Sweet Gap, on the northern side of Coniston Moor, were nearly all killed in the con- flict which ensued. The township comprises by com- putation 1710 acres, chiefly moorland, affording excel- lent pasture 5 the village is situated on the road to Settle, and the surrounding scenery is pleasingly diver- sified. CONISTON, MONK, with Skelwith, a township, in the parish of Hawkshead, union of Ulverstone, hundred of Lonsdale, north of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 4 miles (W. by N.) from Hawkshead ; containing 470 inhabitants, of whom 259 are in Monk- Coniston. This place consists of various groups of houses and neat cottages, roofed with slate from the adjacent mountains, and beautifully scattered round the head of Coniston Lake, anciently called Thurston Water, which is about six miles in length from north to south, about half a mile in its greatest width, and about twenty-seven fathoms in depth. The lake abounds with char, said to be of finer flavour than the char of other lakes, and at the head, on the margin of the water, is an inn for the accommodation of visiters, w^here post-horses, carriages, and pleasure-boats are always in readiness. The scenery around abounds with every variety of picturesque and romantic grandeur. There is a school in which twenty-four girls are in- structed at the expense of Mrs. Smith. CONISTONE, church, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Ulverstone, hundred of Lonsdale, north of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lan- caster, 6 miles (S. W.) from Ambleside ; containing 1148 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £100 5 patron, T. R. G. Brady 11, Esq. The chapel was rebuilt in 1819, by which means 230 addi- tional sittings were provided. CONOCK, a tything, in the parish of Churton, union of Devices, hundred of Sw'anborodgh, Devizes and N. divisions of Wilts, 4^ miles (N. E. by E.) from East Lavington3 containing I60 inhabitants. CONONLEY, a township, in the parish of Kild- wick, union of Skipton, E. division of the wapentake 662 of S> ^icLiFFE and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 3 mi; J^S.)from Skipton; containing 1159 inhabitants. The iVvvnship formerly constituted a joint township’with that of Farnhill, from which it was separated in 1838j it comprises by computation 1500 acres. The village is pleasantly situated on the western acclivity of Aire- dale, and the surrounding scenery is pleasingly diversi- fied. A lead-mine was opened in 1840, and is very pro- ductive. Tithe rent-charges have been awarded amount- ing to £62. 3., of which £33. 14. 6. are payable to the Dean and Chapter of Christ-Church, Oxford, and £28. 8. 6. to the vicar of the parish. CONSIDE, or CoNSETT, with Knitsley, a town- ship, in the chapelry of Medomsley, parish and union of Lanchester, W. division of Chester ward, N. divi- sion of the county of Durham, 14^ miles (N. W. by W.) from Durham 5 containing 195 inhabitants. This place, anciently Conkesheved, was successively in the possession of various families, and once belonged to the Halls, of whom several had a taste for literary pursuits, espe- cially John Hall, born in 1627, who was a man of very considerable talent, and is commemorated by Antony h Wood. The township comprises 2353 acres, of which 1561 are arable, 520 pasture, and 27^ woodland. Ex- tensive iron- works are carried on at Consett, being a recent revival of the ancient manufacture of which this neighbourhood was the seat, the Romans, and, about two centuries ago, a tolony of Germans, who had set- tled at Shotley-Bridge having worked the mines, the produce of which, known as the Derwent iron, is very superior.^ Coal is also abundant, and, being the out- crop of the Durham coal-field, is probably worked at less expense than in any other part of the kingdom, being produced at Is. 4d. per ton, exclusively of rent. Fire-bricks are also manufactured 3 and besides the coal and iron, a considerable traffic exists in lead, lime, and timber. The Stanhope railway, in connexion with the Pontop and Shields railway, intersects the township. CONSTANTINE (St. Constantine), a parish, in the union of Falmouth, E. division of the hundred of Kerrier, W. division of Cornwall, 5j miles (N. E. by E.) from Helston 3 containing 2042 inhabitants. This parish, which is bounded on the south by the navigable river Hel, and includes a part of the port of Gweek, comprises 8000 acres by computation 3 the soil near the river is rich and fertile, but in the higher parts sterile rock 3 the hills are chiefly of granite. The village is pleasantly situated on an eminence nearly surrounded by tin-works, and commands some delightful views of the river, with its numerous creeks, the banks of wffiich are finely clothed with wood. A copper and tin. mine, called Wheal Vyvyan, is w’orked 3 and large masses of granite are scattered over the surface of the lands, of size sufficient for building bridges. Great quantities of oysters are sent from Merthen, on the river, to Rochester. The petty -sessions for the division are held here. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £19. 3. 10|., and in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of Exeter, who are also appropriators : the tithes have been commuted for £965. 12,, of which £480 are payable to the appropriators, and £485. 12. to the incumbent, who has a glebe of 11 acres. The church, contains an ancient monument, with a brass, to the family of Gervis. There are places of worship for Wes^ leyans and Bryanites 3 and schools are supported by C O O M ' o o K r subscription. On the estate of Mayere, in the parish, is a vast rock of granite, computed to weigh 7^.o^Aons, called the Tolmen, in the shape of an egg, witb^^^iveral excavations on the top, curiously poised uposi two others 5 and at a short distance is another mass, of circular form, resembling a cap. The sites of decayed chapels are discernible at Bonallock and Bucjbckvean 5 and near the church, where formerly stood^a cross, a bag, full of silver coins of Arthur and Canute, was found, about the close of the seventeenth century. COOKBURY (St, John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Hols^orthy, hundred of Black Tqr- RiNGTON, Holsworthy; and N. divisions of Devon, miles (E. N. E.) frobi Holsworthy 5 containing 301 inha- bitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, annexed to the rectory of Milton-Damerell. COOKHAM {Holy Trinity), a parish, and the head of a union, and formerly a market-town, in the hundred of CooKHAivr, county of Berks, miles (K. by E.) from Maidenhead ; containing 367d inhabitants. This parish, which includes the northern portion of the town of Maidenhead, extending from the bridge to Maidenhead Thicket, and eomprehending the whole of that waste, is situated on the river Thames, by which it is bounded on the north and east, and comprises by measurement about 10,000 racres, of which nearly 4000 are arable, more than 1000 grass, 93 orchards, 151 wood, and 884 common. There is a considerable hamlet in the parish, called ! Cookham Dean, about a mile and a half to the west of the village, bordering upon Bisham, and consisting of scattered cottages j it is noted for its orchards, rui|^al scenery, and woodland, and the wildness of its charact/er, in the midst of a highly cultivated neigh- bourhood, rejnders it the more attractive to the lover of nature in hejr simpler form. A bridge has been built across the 'I’hames, which greatly facilitates traffic, and affords ref^d-y access out of Buckinghamshire to the Great We^stem railway. The manufacture of coarse paper is (parried on j and fairs are held on May Idth and Octoper 11th. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’is books at £14. 14. 2.5 net income, £360 3 patron, John Rogers, Esq. 3 impropriators, the Land- owners. Near the entrance into the chancel of the church [is a brass plate to the memory of Sir Edward Stockto n, vicar of the parish, who died in 1534, and is styled ^ ‘ Pylgrym of Jerusalem, and canon professed of the House of ©ur Lady at Guisbro’ in Yorkshire this ’no lon/ger appears, being probably concealed by a pew. Severa)! descendants of Geribral Washington, and Mr. Hookii, the historian of the Roman empire, are interred in thi church. There is an episcopal chapel in that part (6f Maidenhead situated in the parish 3 also places of worship for Independents and Wesley ans. A national school is supported by subscription 3 and two other schools! are chiefly maintained by the clergyman.. An almshouse, belonging to the Salters’ Company, of Lon- don^, Was founded by Mr. James Smith, citizen and salter, Yorieight aged men and their wives. The poor law union , <#fccmkham comprises 7 parishes or places, and contains a. plhpulation of 11,060. COCKLE Y {St, Michael), a parish, in the union anM hundred of Blything, E. division of SiUFFOLK, miles (W. S. W.) from Hales worth 5 containing 324 inblabitants, and comprising by computation 1664 acres. Thjje living is a discharged rectory, united to that of f 663 Huntingfield, and valued in the king’s books at £6. 13.4. The church is chiefly in the later English style, and con- sists of a nave and chancel, with an embattled tower 3 the font is curiously sculptured, and there is a Norman doorway on the north side filled up. A school was founded by Thomas Neale, in 1701. COOLING (St. James), a parish, in the union of Hoo, hundred of Shamwell, lathe of Aylesforu, W. division of Kent, 6 miles (N. by B.) from Rochester 3 containing 144 inhabitants. This parish, originally called Colniges, or Colneges, from, its bleak situation, and at a later period Cowling, contains the remains of a castle built in 1331, formerly of great strength, but long since dismantled 3 they occupy eight acres. The parish, which is bounded on the north by that part of the Thames, named Sea-reach, comprises about 1500 acres of land, whereof the substratum is chalk. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14, and in the^ gifit of J. Alliston, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £570, and the glebe contains about 9 acres. In the church is an ancient tomb of Lord Cobham. COOLING (St, Margaret), a parish, in the union and hundred of Risbridge, W. division of Suffolk, 8 ^ miles (N, N. W.) from Clare 5 containing 882 inha- bitants. There are fairs on July 31st and October 17th. Branches Hall, in the parish, is a large and handsome mansion. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 net income, £100 3 patrons and impropriators, Master and Fellows of Trinity Hall, Cambridge. Wm. Deynes, in the 35th of Elizabeth, bequeathed estates in the parish, the pro- ceeds to be equally divided between the parishes of Cool- ing, Hargrave, Barrow, and Moulton, COOL-PILATE, a towmship, in the parish of Acton, union and hundred of Nantwich, S. division of the county of Chester, 4 miles (S.) from Nantwich 3 con- taining 59 inhabitants. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £45, and the vicarial for £12. 18. 8. COOMBE, a township, in the parish of Presteign, union of Knighton, hundred of Wigmore, county of Hereford, 2| miles (E. S. E>) from Presteign 5 con- taining 121 inhabitants. It consists of 608 acres, and Is intersected by the river Lug, which partly separates it on the north-west from Wales, and is joined here by the brook Endwell. Many vestiges of British encamp- ments are to be seen in the vicinity. COOMBE, a hamlet, in the parish of Huish- .Efiscopi, union of Langport, E. division of the hum dred of Kingsbury, W. division of Somerset 3 con- taining 25 inhabitants. COOMBE, a tything, in the parish of East Meon^ union of Petersfield, hundred of East Meon, Peters- flleld and N. divisions of the county of Southampton 3 containing 44 inhabitants. COOMBE, BISSETT (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Alderbury, hundred of Cawden and Cadworth, Salisbury and Amesbury, and S. divisions of Wilts, 3 miles (S. W.) from Salisbury 3 containing 406 inhabitants. The place derives its name from its situation in one of the narrow bourns, or combes, with which Salisbury Plain is intersected, and its distinguish- ing adjunct from the family to which it formerly belonged : it is on the road from Salisbury to Bliandford and Exe- ter, and. comprises about 2200 acres. The living is: a discharged vicarage, with that of Harnham annexed, valued in the king’s books at £7 i patron. Prebendary C O P F C O P H of Coombe and Harnham in the Cathedral of Salisbury 3 impropriator, Earl of Radnor. The great tithes have been commuted for £370, and the impropriator’s glebe con- tains 130 acres 5 the vicarial tithes have been commuted for £210, of which £50 are for Harnham, and there is a glebe-house. The church is in the later English style. COOMBE-KEYNES {Holy Rood)^ a parish, in the union of Wareham and Purbeck, hundred of Win- frith, Wareham division of Dorset, 6 miles (W. S. W.) from Wareham 5 containing 135 inhabitants. The vil- lage, from numerous old foundations and traces of the sites of gardens, appears to have been originally of greater extent, and is supposed to have dwindled into its present state of a few inconsiderable cottages, from the want of a supply of water. Sandstone of very infe- rior quality is dug on the heath land for fences. The living is a discharged vicarage, with that of Wool an- nexed, valued in the king’s books at £13. 18. 11^., and in the gift of J. Weld, Esq., the impropriator : the great tithes have been commuted for £201. 15., and the vicarial for £110. The church is partly in the early English style, and partly of later date. COOMBS, a parish, in the union and hundred of Steyning, rape of Bramber, W. division of Sussex, 2 miles (S. E. by S.) from Steyning 3 containing 80 in- habitants. It is bounded on the east by the navigable river Adur, and comprises about 1400 acres of arable and pasture land in nearly equal portions. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 0. 2f ., and in the gift of Colonel Wyndham : the tithes have been commuted for £192, and the glebe contains 16|- acres. The church is in the early English style. A parochial school is supported by the officiating clergyman. On the Downs are traces of ancient tumuli. COOMBS-EDGE, a township, in the parish and union of Chapel-en-le-Frith, hundred of High Peak, N. division of the county of Derby, 2:| miles (N. W. by W.) from Buxton 5 containing 328 inhabitants. COPDOCK {St, Peter), a parish, in the incorpora- tion and hundred of Samford, E. division of Suffolk, 3j miles (W. S. W.) from Ipswich 3 containing 299 in- habitants. The living is a discharged rectory, with the vicarage of Washbrook annexed, valued in the king’s books at £9. 12. 8^., and in the gift of Lord Walsingham : the tithes have been commuted for £300, and the glebe comprises 28 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. There is a school, in union with the National Society. Copdock Hall was the property of Lord Chief Justice de Grey. COPFORD, a parish, in the union of Lexden and WiNSTREE, Withani division of the hundred of Lex- den, N. division of Essex, 4 miles (W. S. W.) from Colchester 3 containing 645 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from London to Colchester, and comprises a very irregular area, about thirteen miles in circumference 3 the lands are generally low, in some parts undulated, and the soil is gravelly, though producing fair average crops 3 the general scenery is pleasing, and enlivened with several fine sheets of water. The manor was the property of the Bishops of London from a remote period till the time of the Conquest. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £15. 3. 4., and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for £660, and the glebe comprises 74 acres, to which 664 thei'e is a glebe-house. The church, an ancient struc- ture,' principally of Norman architecture 3 the walls are of imusual thickness, and the chancel is circular at the eastern end. Bonner, Bishop of London, who was lord of i‘he manor, resided for a* considerable time at Copford Hall. > COPGROVE {St. Michael), a parish, in the lower division of the wapentake of ClarO, W. riding of York, 4f miles (B. W. by W.) from Boroughbridge 3 containing 103 inhabitants. It comprises 1000 acres, the surface of which is hilly, and the soil gravelly : a small stream, a tributary to the Ure, passes on the west, and separates the place from the parish of Burtcn-Leonard. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 9. 7-, and in the gift of T. Duncombe, Esq., of Cop- grove Hall ; the tithes have been commuted for £170, and the glebe contains 23 acres, to - which there is a glebe-house. St. Mongah’s Well, in the village, was formerly celebrated for its medicinal properties. COPLE {All Saints), a parish, i in the union of Bedford, hundred of Wixamtree, county of Bedford, 4 miles (E. by S.) from Bedford 5 containing 551 inha- bitants. This parish, which is intersected by the road from Oxford to Cambridge, is bounded bn the north by the navigable river Ouse, and comprises by computation, 2108 acres, whereof 1350 are arable, 580 pasture, and 50 wood. The living is a discharged vibarage, valued in the king’s books at £7 ; net income, £215 3 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Canons of (Christ- Church, Oxford : the glebe consists of 7 acres, to 'which there is a glebe-house. The church is in the later* English style, and contains some ancient brasses. Th^re is an old house, formerly belonging to the family \of Luke, one of whom. Sir S. Luke, employed Butler, 1 the poet, as secretary, and was ridiculed under the character of Hudibras. COPLESTONE, a hamlet, in the pai^i.s^h of Cole- broke, union and hundred of Crediton, Ct?editon and N. divisions of Devon, 4 ^ miles (W. N. W.) j from Cre- diton. The village formerly contained a cmapel, and according to some authorities, a mint and prison, long since destroyed : there are still some remains of an ancient cross. COPMANTHORPE, a chapelry, in the plarish of St. Mary-Bishopshill-Junior, union of YipRK, E. division of Ainsty wapentake, W. riding oB York, 4 miles (S. W. by S.) from York 3 containing 2Sj4 inha- bitants. The chapelry, called in old documents Iremple Copmanthorpe, comprises by measurement 16521 acres, of which 1337 are arable, 236 meadow and pasture, 30 woodland, and 47 common. The York and iNorth- Midland railway passes through the township\, and there is a small station near the hamlet. The tithes have been commuted for £498. 15., of which £430 areJ palpable to the Dean and Chapter of York, and £68. 16. to the vicar of the parish, the former having also a glebe m 25 acres, and the latter a glebe of one acre. The cbaj^el is a small plain building : a faculty was granted, in\ 1Y50, for inclosing a chapelyard for the interment of the\ djead. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans3 and a sc/hool is endowed with £4 per annum. Adjoining the h»mlet is a field, called “ Temple field,” in wffiich, accordinjg to tradition, anciently stood a temple, but of what descVip- tion, or to whom dedicated, there is no record 3 ibut stones, evidently once parts of pillars, and others c uri- C:0 li B CORF The living is a vicarage, valued in the king's books at appropriated to the support of a British and Foreign £ 11 , 11 . 8 . j net income, £482 5 patrons and appro- school for boys and girls. Lord Latimer was buried -priators, Dean and Chapter of Carlisle. The church is here. a neat edifice, supposed to have been built with materials CORBY, GREAT, a township, in the parish of brought from the ruins of the Roman station in the Wetheral, union of Carlisle, Eskdale ward, E. di- neighbourhood. At Halton, in the parish, is a chapel of vision of Cumberland, 6^ miles (E. S. E.) from Car- ease, in the burial-ground of which is a Roman altar 3 lisle; containing 8 O 6 inhabitants. The village is plea- and there is a place of worship for Wesleyans ; also a santly situated on the east bank of the Eden ; and con- school, established in 1824, in connexion with the tiguous to it, on the summit of a precipitous cliff, stands National Society. Ann Radcliffe, in 1699, bequeathed Corby Castle, anciently the seat of the Salkelds, who £10 per annum for apprenticing children; and Dame inherited it from Hubert de Vallibus, Baron of Gilsland, Elizabeth Radcliffe, in I 688 , gave a rent-charge of £ 10 , and from whom it passed by purchase to its present and the Rev. Robert Troutbeck, in ITO 6 , lands produ- possessors, the Howards, a branch of the Norfolk family, cing £30 per annum, to the poor. Numerous coins and The mansion was much modernised and improved in other relics of antiquity have been turned up on the site 1813, and the scenery and walks surrounding it abound of the Roman station ; and in 1735, a large piece of in natural beauties. The Corby viaduct for conveying Roman plate, weighing 148 ounces, was found in an in- the Newcastle and Carlisle railway over Corby, or Dry- closure near the Tyne, which was claimed by the Duke beck, valley, consists of seven arches spanning 40 feet of Somerset, as lord of the manor. Two altars, with each ; the height from the ground is 70 feet, and the Greek inscriptions, were also discovered, of which one, whole length 480 feet, and as a specimen of architecture dedicated to Astarbe, the celebrated goddess of the it is little inferior to Wetheral bridge. A school was Eastern nations, is esteemed one of the greatest curi- endowed, in 17 ^ 0 , with 25 acres of land, yielding about osities in Great Britain ; and, about a; century and a £20 per annum. half since, some bones and teeth of an extraordinary CORBY, LITTLE, a township, in the parish of size were accidentally exposed by the overflowing of the Warwick, union of Bampton, Eskdale ward, E. di- Cor, supposed to be the remains of oxen sacrificed at vision of Cumberland, 5j miles (E. by N.) from Car- an altar. lisle ; containing 283 inhabitants. The village is situ- CORBY (St. John the Evangelist), a market-town ated at the junction of the Eden and Irthing rivers, and parish, in the union of Bourne, wapentake of CORELY {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Beltisloe, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 33 Cleobury-Mortimer, hundred of Stottesden, S. miles (S. by E.)vfrom Lincoln, and 103 (N. by W.) from division of Salop, 4 miles (W. by S.) from Cleobury- London; con|;aining^M^habitants. The parish is on Mortimer; containing 525 inhabitants. The living is a the road frqtn Bourne to Cblsierworth, and comprises discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at by computation 2724 acres, of whiclr more than 1000 £5. 5. 10.; net income, £227 5 patron, R. B. Moore, are old in^losure, 305 w’ood, 270 pasture, and the rest Esq. There is a national school. arable : the town is pleasantly situated in a valley, rest- CORFE, a parish, in the union of Taunton, hun- inr T^^iyocky base, and the lands are richly diversified dred of Taunton and Taunton-Dean, W. division of V hill a^qd dale, interspersed with a good supply of Somerset, 3 miles (S.) from Taunton; containing 279 d oak"^ the soil is in some parts clayey and in inhabitants. Stone is quarried, to be burnt into lime, stony. j/The market, which has nearly fallen into The living is a perpetual curacy, with a net income of Uv ise, on/ Wednesday ; the fairs are on August 6th £66, and is in the gift of Lady Cooper, who owns the and thet Mqiidky before October 10th, for cattle and tithes, which have been commuted for £89. 13. A paro- horses^ Tfie liV|ing is a discharged vicarage, united to ’ chial school is supported, the rectory of Iriiham, and valued in the king’s books at CORFE- CASTLE {St. £5. A^. : the impropriate tithes have been com- Edward the Martyr), an muted ' for £100, ^d the vicarial for £126; the glebe incorporated town and pa- contains 91 acr^. The church is an ancient structure, rish, inthe union of Ware- in the early>^nglish style. The grammar school was ham and Purbeck, possess- founded,^Yi 1669, by Charles Reed, Esq., who endowed ing separate jurisdiction, it wf^'h q, rent- charge of £48. 15. locally in the hundred of — 't;OPBY {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the Corfe - Castle, Wareham union ‘.tering, hundred of Corby, N. division of division of Dorset, 23 miles the <( of Northampton, 2^ miles (S. E.) from (E. S. E.) from Dorchester, Roqk within the parish, on Whitsun-eve and July 4th, for live stock, at the latter of which much linen and woollen cloth, brought from Scotland, is exposed for sale; and a tryst fair, established in 1820, is held on Nov. 24th. 4 Q CORF CORF kept the regalia, and by whose orders twenty-two pri- soners,^ some of whom were among the principal nobility of Poitiers, were starved to death in its dungeons 5 and Edward II., after his deposition in 1327, was removed from Kenilworth to this fortress, where he was detained for a short time prior to his tragical death at Berkeley Castle. Dujing the parliamentary war. Lord Chief Justice Bankes, who then resided in the castle, being with the king at York, Sir Walter Earl and Sir Thomas Trenchard assaulted the place, thinking to obtain easy possession of it for the parliament 5 but it was heroically defended by Lady Bankes and' her daughters, with the assistance only of their domestics, until, on the approach of Charles to Blandford, Captain Lawrence was sent to her assistance, when,, having raised a small guard of her tenantry, she sustained a siege for six weeks, and, with the loss of two men only preserved the castle for the king. In 1645, the castle was again besieged by the parliamentarian forces, under Fairfax, when, by the treachery of Lieutenant- Colonel Pitman, an officer of the garrison, who deserted from the king’s service, it was taken and demolished. The remains of this stupendous edifice are extensive and interesting, and plainly indicate its former prodigious strength ; they occupy the summit of a lofty and steep eminence to the north of the town, with which they are connected by a bridge of four narrow circular arches, crossing a deep ravine, and leading to the principal entrance between two massive circular towers. The walls, which inclose a spacious area divided into four wards, were defended by numerous circular towers at convenient distances^ of which several have declined from the perpendicular line, by the attempts made to undermine them at the siege, and of which, to- gether with the walls, vast fragments have fallen into the vale : at the western angle are the remains of the keep, a massive octagonal tower, and in the inner ward those of the king’s and queen’s towers, between which is part of the chapel, with two pointed windows ; the east end of the king’s tower, which is separated from the main building, is overgrown with ivy, and forms a picturesque feature in these extensive ruins, which, from their ele- vated situation, are conspicuously grand and majestic. The TOWN stands on an eminence^ nearly in the centre of the Isle of Purbeck, and consists principally of two streets diverging from the market-place, in the centre of which is an ancient stone cross 5 the houses are in general built of stone, obtained from the neigh- bouring. quarries, and approached by a flight of steps ^ the inhabitants are well supplied with water. The bridge connecting the castle with the town is called St. Edward’s bridge, and is said to be the spot where Ed- ward, fainting from the loss of blood, fell from his horse and expired. At the entrance from the London road is an ancient stone bridge over the small river Corfe,. by which the town is bounded on the east. The population is chiefly employed in the quarries and clay-pits, for which the isle is celebrated 3 and from the principal of these, called Norden, about a mile from the town, a rail- way has been constructed> to facilitate the communica- tion with Poole harbour, where the clay is shipped for the Staffordshire and other potteries. A few of the female inhabitants are engaged in the knitting of stock- ings. The market, which was held on Thursday, has been for some time discontinued 5 the fairs are on May 12 th and October 29th. Thfe lord of the manor of Qorfe 667 was anciently hereditary lord -lieutenant of the Isle of Purbeck, and had the power of appointing all officers, and determining all actions or suits by his bailiff or de- puty 3 he was also admiral of the isle, and exercised the authority of lord high admiral, in which capacity he was entitled to all wrecks, except in cases where there was a special grant to the contrary, and had power to array the militia 3 but these privileges ceased on the passing of the militia act, in 1757, Mr. Bankes, then lord of the manor, having omitted to enforce his claims. Though a borough by prescription, the town was not incorpo- rated till the 18th of Queen Elizabeth, who invested it with the same powers as were enjoyed by the cinque- ports. Under the existing charter of Charles II., the corporation consists of a mayor, who is elected at the court leet of the lord of the manor, held at Michaelmas, and eight barons, who have previously served the office of mayor 3 the mayor and the late mayor are justices of the peace. The elective franchise was granted in the 14th of Elizabeth, from which time the borough re- turned two members to parliament, till it was disfran- chised by the 2 nd of William IV., cap. 45 : the right of election was vested in the freeholders and in holders of leases determinable on life or lives, paying scot and lot 3 and the mayor was returning officer. The LIVING is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £40. 14. 7. 5 net income, £685 3 patron, William Bankes, Esq, The church is a spacious and ancient structure, partly Norman, and partly in the early English style, with a lofty square embattled tower, crowned by pin- nacles and ornamented with niches, in which are some sculptured decorations of singular design 3 it contains a few old monuments and several altar-tombs of Purbeck marble. The parish is in the centre of a district of con- siderable extent, in which the earliest of the Sunday schools were established, under the auspices of William Morton Pitt, Esq., of Kingston House. Several schools are supported by subscription 3 and there are alms- houses in East-street, for six aged persons, with an en- dowment in land. In making a road near the town, in 1768, two stone coffins, formed of flat stones placed edgeways, and containing a skeleton, w^ere found 3 and in 1753 , an urn containing burnt bones was discovered, with the mouth downwards, near St. Edward’s bridge. About two miles to the east of the town is an eminence called Nine-Barrow Down, whereon are sixteen barrows of various dimensions^ chiefly circular, nine of which are in a straight line 5 eight or ten of them are surrounded by a narrow trench. The eminence commands a beau- tiful view of the bay of Sandwich, the British Channel, and the Isle of Wight. CORFE-MULLEN, a chapelry, in the parish of Sturminster-Marshall, union of Wimborne and Granborne, hundred of Cogdean, Wimborne division of Dorset, 3 miles (S. W. by W.) from Wimborne- Minster 3 containing 758 inhabitants. The chapel is de- dicated to St. Nicholas^ and has been enlarged by the addition of 140 free sittings. There is an annuity of £27 for the support of a school, to which Richard Lock- yer, in 1706 , bequeathed £17 *• it is on the national plan. CORFTON, a chapelry, in the parish of Diddle- Rury,. union of Ludlow, hundred of Munslow, S. divi- sion of Salop, 8j miles (N.) from Ludlow 5 containing 232 inhabitantSi 4 Q 2 CORN CORN CORHAMPTON, a parish, in the union of Drox- FORD, hundred of Meon-Stoke, Droxford and N. divi- sions of the county of Southampton, 15 miles (S. W, by S.) from Alton j containing 181 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the London and Gosport road, and comprises by computation 2500 acres j the scenery is pleasingly varied, and combines several interesting fea- tures. Preshaw, the seat of Walter Long, Esq., is a noble mansion of various styles, situated in an extensive park, commanding several fine views of the surrounding country. The living is a perpetual curacy or donative 5 net income, £39^ patron and impropriator, Wadham Wyndham, Esq. The church is an ancient edifice, ap- parently of early Norman construction, and consists of a nave and chancel. In I669, William Collins gave a school-house, and £450, producing an income of £22. 10., for which eight boys are instructed on the national plan. CORLEY, a parish, in the union of Meriden, Atherstone division of the hundred of Hemlingford, N. division of the county of Warwick, 4 miles (N. N. W.) from Coventry ; containing 288 inhabitants. This place, called in the Norman survey CorweZie, is supposed by Dugdale to have derived its name from the British Coryn,” signifying the top of any thing, in reference to its situation on one of the highest elevations in Eng- land. The parish comprises 1373 acres, the surface of which is hilly, and the soil, though somewhat sandy, is in general good and productive : it is intersected from south-east to north-west by the road between Coventry and Tamworth. The living is a vicarage, endowed with the rectorial tithes 5 net income, £400 j patron, A. F. Gregory, Esq. CORNARD, GREAT {St, Andrew), a parish, in the union of Sudbury, hundred of Babergh, W. divi- sion of Suffolk, l:|mile (S. E.) from Sudbury 5 contain- ing 938 inhabitants. It is bounded on the west by the river Stour, which is here navigable. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9 3 patrons and impropriators. Heirs of the late J. G. Spar- row, Esq. The great tithes have been commuted for £420, and the vicarial for £167 j the glebe contains nearly 10 acres, with a glebe-house. There is a national school. CORNARD, LITTLE (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Sudbury, hundred of Babergh, W. division of Suffolk, 3 miles (S. E.) from Sudbury 3 containing 396 inhabitants. It is bounded on the south-west by the navigable river Stour, and comprises about 1400 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 2. 8^., and in the patronage of Mrs. Green : the tithes have been commuted for £49*2, and there is a glebe of 50 acres 3 the incumbent receives £8 a year out of the tithes of Bures-St. Mary, and the vicar of that place has £ 3 . 5. out of the tithes of Little Cornard parish. CORNBROUGH, a township, in the parish of Sheriff-Hutton, union of Malton, wapentake of Bulmer, N. riding of York, 11 miles (N. by E.) from York 3 containing 63 inhabitants. The township com- prises 920 acres by measurement, divided between arable and pasture. CORN-DEAN, a tything, in the parish and union of Winchcomb, Lower division of the hundred of Kifts- GATE, E. division of the county of Gloucester. 668 CORNELLY (St. Cornelius), a parish, in the union of Truro, W. division of the hundred of Powder and of Cornwall, f of a mile (W. by S.) from Tregoney 3 containing II9 inhabitants, and comprising about 1047 acres. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £47 3 patron, the Vicar of Probus j impropriators, the principal Inhabitants : the glebe contains about 8 acres. It was anciently annexed to Probus, from which it was separated in 1532, the incumbent paying 6s, Sd. annu- ally to the vicar of that parish, as an acknowledgment. A small school is supported by Mrs. Gregor. CORNEY (St, John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Bootle, Allerdale ward above Derwent, W. division of Cumberland, 4 miles (S. E. by S.) from Ravenglass 3 containing 273 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the coast of the Irish Sea, is about three miles in lengthy and two miles in average breadth, and is bounded on the east by a lofty range of fells, stretching on the south to the mountain of Black Comb 3 the surface is boldly varied, and the scenery in many parts strikingly picturesque 3 the higher grounds com- mand diversified prospects, and from Corney Hall, the property of Richard Hobson, Esq., M.D., of Leeds, is an exceedingly fine view of the Irish Sea and numerous interesting objects. On the west of the Hall is a richly- cultivated tract of land, about tw’o miles in breadth, reaching to the margin of the sea, beyond which is seen the Isle of Man, and to the north the reef of rocks called St. Bees heads 5 still further north, in the direc- tion of Solway frith, parts of Scotland are distinctly visible, extending from Kirkcudbright to Wigton bay 3 and towards the south, appear "Walney Island and the mouth of the Duddon, and beyond these, the mouth of Morecambe bay, the interior of which is only hidden by the lower promontory of Black Comb. The lands of Corney Hall are watered by a fine stream, abounding with black trout. The wheat grown here is of good quality, and is either sent to the markets of Broughton, Ulverstone, and Egremont, or shipped at Ravenglass or Duddon. The breed of long-horned cattle was brought to a state of high perfection by the late Mr. Benn and his son, at Middleton Place, in the parish, and year after year obtained the first prizes awarded by the Working- ton Agricultural Society 3 but, in 1816, Dr. Hobson in- troduced the pure short-horned breed, which, from their earlier maturity and greater rapidity of feeding, have become almost exclusively the staple stock of the dis- trict. The mountains afford excellent pasture to a small breed of sheep, which, after four or five years of age, are fed in the low grounds for the butcher, and are unrivalled for delicacy of flavour. On the lands of Corney Hall are several veins of iron-ore of very rich quality, but of limited depth, which were wrought to some extent about 80 years since. A manorial court is held at Middleton Place. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 17. I.3 net income, £140 3 patron, the Earl of Lonsdale. To the north of the village are some extensive ruins, of which the history is unknown, and in the neighbourhood are numerous Druidical re- mains. Mr. Troughton, an eminent philosophical in- strument maker, was a native of the parish. CORNFORTH, a township, in the parish of Bishop’s-Middleham, union of Sedgefield, N. E. division of Stockton ward, S. division of the county of Durham, 6J miles (S. S. E.) from Durham 3 containing CORN CORN 700 inhabitants. It comprises about 1570 acres : coal is obtained, which is shipped on the Tees, and a vast quantity of limestone is quarried from a hill, at the bot- tom of which the village lies^ in a low and warm situa- tion : the houses are disposed in the form of a square, with a green of several acres in the centre. A halrnote court is held once in eighteen months, for the recovery of debts under 406*., at which the bishop’s steward pre- sides. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £108. 6. 6., and the vicarial for £9>S. 10. The late Bishop of Durham gave £50, and the Diocesan Society £20, towards the erection of a national school. Dr. Hutchinson, a learned writer, was born here. An ex- tensive burial-ground was discovered, a few years since, in a field on the summit of the high ground on the south of the village : the graves are made in all direc- tions, and at no great depth in the magnesian limestone 3 in one was found the umbo of a shield, and in another the head of a spear. CORNHILL, a parish, in the union of Berwick- upon-Tweed, county of Durham, but for electoral pur- poses connected with the N. division of Northumber- land, 1^ mile (E. by S.) from Coldstream 3 containing 823 inhabitants. This place comprises about 4430 acres, of which the soil is productive, and chiefly arable, and the scenery of a romantic character. The village, which is pretty and salubrious, is separated from Scot- land by the Tweed 3 Coldstream is the first town over the border, where the river is crossed by a noble stone bridge. There is a good hotel for the sporting gentle- men who resort here to hunt in great numbei’s during the winter months. A fair is held on December 6th, The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Durham, who are the appropri- ators. The church, dedicated to St. Helen, was rebuilt in 1751, when a stone coffin, containing fragments of a human skeleton, and two urns of coarse earthenware, were found 5 it was again partly rebuilt in 1840, at a cost of about £500, and is nearly in the early English style, with a campanile bell-tower, and contains 246 sittings, of which 156 are free. A schoolroom was erected in 1837, for the instruction of the poor, in con- nexion with the Church. The castle here was demo- lished by the Scots in 1385, and again in 1549, when a considerable booty fell into their possession 3 the re- mains are built up in a modern mansion. To the south- east is an encampment of unusual construction 3 and a quarter of a mile westward is another large collection of earth-works, the most remarkable north of the Wall for variety and extent. In a wood is St. Helen’s well, the water of which is serviceable in scorbutic and gravel complaints, but is not much used. CORNSAY, a township, in the parish and union of Lanchester, N. W. division of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Durham, 6J miles (N. E.) from Wolsingham 3 containing 201 inhabitants. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £119. 10. In 1811, Wrn. Russell, Esq., of Brancepeth Castle, gave an endowment of £20 per annum for a schoolmaster, and built and endowed almshouses for six men and six widows. CORNWALL, a maritime county, bounded on the north by the Bristol Channel, on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the English Channel, and on the east by Devonshire. It extends from 49° 57' 30" to 669 50° 55' 30" (N. lat.) and from 4° 10' to 5° 44' (W. Ion.), and contains 1327 square miles, or 849,^80 statute acres : within its limits are 65,574 inhabited houses, 4962 uninhabited, and 9^6 in the course of erection 3 and the population amounts to 341,279, of whom 164,757 are males, and 176,522 females. The part of Britain including this county and a portion of Devonshire, from its shape was called by its ancient British inhabitants KernoUy or, as it is written by the Welsh, Kerniw, signi- fying the horn,” which word was latinized to Car nu- bia or Cornuhia ; and w^hen the Saxons gave the name of Weales to the Britons, they distinguished those who had retired into Kernou, or Cornuhia, by that of Cornweales } and their country was thus called Cornuwall, or Corn- wall, that is, “ Cornish Wales.” At the time of the Roman Conquest, the northern part was inhabited by the Cimbri, the eastern by the Danmonii, and the re- maining portion by the Carnabii, of whom the Danmonii had subdued the two other tribes, and taken possession of their territories 3 but on the completion of the Roman Conquest, the whole became included in the great pro- vince of Britannia Prima, During the aggressions of the Saxons, various acts of hostility occurred between them and the Cornish Britons, and the latter were obliged to invoke the assistance of the Danes, who arrived on this coast in 806. King Egbert, nevertheless, overran the whole territory in 813 3 and the Britons were at length finally reduced by Athelstan, prior to which time they had occupied a great part of Devonshire, and inhabited Exeter in common with the Saxons 3 but they were driven out of that city by Athelstan, after the defeat of Howell, King of Cornwall, near Exeter, and were com- pelled to retire to the west of the river Tamar. Cornwall is within the diocese of Exeter, and province of Canterbury, and forms, together with three parishes in Devonshire, an archdeaconry, comprising the dean- eries of East, Kerrier, Penwith, Powder, Pyder, Trigg- Major, Trigg- Minor, and West, and containing 203 pa- rishes : the Scilly Islands are also in the archdeaconry of Cornwall. The office of rural dean, which in most parts of the kingdom has become nearly nominal, is here an efficient office 3 the rural deans are appointed annu- ally, perform regular visitations to every church within their deanery, and report the state of each at the arch- deacon’s visitations. For Civil purposes the county is divided into the hundreds of East, Kerrier, Lesnewth, Penwith, Powder, Pyder, Stratton, Trigg, and West. It contains the borough and market towns of Bodmin, Fal- mouth, Helston, Launceston, Liskeard, Penryn, St. Ives, and Truro 5 the following market towns, also ancient boroughs, but deprived of their privileges of sending re- presentatives to parliament by the act of the 2nd of William IV., cap. 45, viz.^ Bossiney, Callington, Camel- ford, East Looe, Fowey, Lostwithiel, St. Mawes, Saltash, and Tregoney 5 four decayed boroughs having no mar- kets, deprived in like manner, viz,y Newport, St. Germans, St. Michael, and West Looe ; and twelve market-towns which are not boroughs, viz,^ Camborne, Grampound, Marazion, Padstow, Penzance, Polperro, Redruth, St. Agnes, St. Austell, St. Columb, Stratton, and Wade- bridge. Of the above towns, twelve are sea-ports, viz., Falmouth, Fowey, Looe, Marazion, Padstow, Penryn, Penzance, Polperro, St. Agnes, St. Ives, Truro, and Wadebridge 5 besides which there are the smaller ports of Boscastle, Bude, Charlestown, Gweek, Hayle, Helford,^ CORN CORN Mevagissey, New Quay, Porth, Port-Isaac, Portleven, Portreath or Basset’s Cove, and Trevannance. By the act above named the county was divided into two por- tions, called the Eastern and the Western divisions, each sending two representatives to parliament : the boroughs, Bodmin and Helston continue to return two members each, as also does Penryn, in conjunction with Falmouth, which, prior to the passing of the act, enjoyed no share in the representation : Helston, Launceston, Liskeard, and St. Ives, each now return only one. Cornwall is included in the Western circuit : the Spring and Sum- mer assizes, and the quarter-sessions, are held at Bod- min, where stand the county gaol and house of correc- tion ; and the Easter quarter-sessions at Truro. Cornwall is a royal duchy, settled by act of parliament on the eldest son of the sovereign j and its immediate government is vested in the duke, who has his chancel- lor, attorney-general, solicitor-general, and other officers, and his court of exchequer, with the appointment of sheriffs, &c. The important concerns of the tin-mines are under a separate jurisdiction, the tin-miners being, by ancient privilege confirmed by Edward III., exempt from all other civil jurisdiction than that of the Stannary Courts j except in cases affecting land, life, or limb. At the head of this jurisdiction is the lord- warden of the stannaries, under whom is the vice- warden, whose court, held generally once a month, is a court of equity for all matters relating to the tin- mines and trade, from which no writ of error lies to the courts at Westminster, but there is an appeal to the lord-warden, and from him to the duke and his council. Issues are frequently directed by the vice-warden to be tried in the stannary courts, which are held at the end of every three weeks (except in the stannary of Foymore, in which there is scarcely any business for the court), before the steward of each stannary and a jury, for determining on all civil actions arising within the stannaries, which have reference to the tin-mines ) but the decision of each of these courts is subject to an appeal to the vice- warden, and from him to the superior authorities. Henry VII., on confirming their ancient privileges, decreed that no new laws affecting the miners should be enacted by the duke and his council, without the consent of twenty-four persons, called stannators, six being chosen out of each of the four stannaries, or mining districts, of Foymore, Blackmore, Tywarnhaile, and Penwith and Kerrier : the stannators for Foymore are chosen by the corporation of Lostwithiel, those for Blackmore by the corporation of Launceston, those for Tywarnhaile by the corporation of Truro, and those for Penwith and Kerrier by the cor- poration of Helston ^ they are some of the principal gentlemen of property in the mining districts, and, on assembling, elect a speaker, and their meeting is called a stannary parliament. These parliaments have been convened occasionally by the lord- warden, as the cir- cumstances of the times have required new laws, or the revision of the old ; the last met at Truro, in 175^, and continued by adjournments until Sept. 11th, 1753. The stannary prison is at Lostwithiel, where the ancient records of the stannaries were kept previously to the parliamentary war, when they were burnt. Nearly the whole of the county is remarkable for the inequality of its surface j a large portion consists of uncultivated moors, abounding with tors composed of immense masses of granite, and extending from near 670 Blisland, on the west, to near Northill on the east, and from near Davidstow on the north, to the vicinity of St. Neot’s on the south, about twelve miles in length, and ten in breadth. The high grounds, through which the great roads chiefly pass, present a dreary aspect, especially in the mining district, where the surface has in many places been greatly disfigured by the stream- works of successive ages ; but in several parts there is a pleasing diversity of hill and dale, and some of the valleys are richly varied and beautifully picturesque. The most agreeable scenery is principally found near the southern coast, and also along the course of the Tamar j and Falmouth bay and Mount’s bay are considered equal in beauty to any recesses on the English coast. So salubrious is the Climate^ that Cornwall has long been celebrated for the longevitv of its inhabitants, and the southern coast, especially towards the Land’s End, is, on account of the superior mildness of the air, much resorted to by invalids in the winter season. The pre- vailing Soils are, the black gravelly, the shelfy or slaty, and various loams, differing in colour, texture, and de- gree of fertility. The labours of the farmer are entirely engaged in tillage, to the exclusion of the dairy, one- third of the cultivated lands being constantly under arable crops. The corn crops usually cultivated are wheat, barley, and oats, including the naked oat, called in Cornwall pillis or pilez, a word signifying bald.” The green and root crops consist principally of turnips, ruta baga^ potatoes, in some places the flat-pole or drum-head cabbage, and yellow clover, trefoil, and rye- grass, the last here called eaver. The dry, light, friable, and porous soils of Cornwall, and its moist and mild climate, are particularly favourable to the growth of potatoes, which have here been cultivated to a great ex- tent longer than in any other parts of the kingdom : in the vicinity of Penzance the land produces two crops in the year, and an acre has been known to yield 300 bushels of the early kidney potatoes at the first crop, and 600 bushels of apple potatoes at the second : a large quantity is sent to London, Plymouth, and Portsmouth. The natural meadows are comparatively of small extent, and lie scattered throughout the county : the only pasture lands consist of the wastes, and of the fields of artificial grasses. Many of the valleys are well wooded, particularly in the south-eastern part of the county, and in the vicinitv of Lostwithiel and Bodmin : and there are mf ' extensive plantations at Tregothnan, Clowance, Tehidy, Port Eliot, Carclew, Trelowarren, Boconnock, Heligan, &c. : the principal landowners having of late years directed their attention to planting, chiefly in elevated situations, the face of the country, in the course of twenty or thirty years, will present extensive woodland scenery, both useful and ornamental. Nearly a fourth part of the surface, from 150,000 to 200,000 acres, consists of uninclosed moors, downs, and crofts, as the waste lands are here generally called. Cornwall has been celebrated for the produce of its MINES from a remote period of antiquity. Strabo, Herodotus, and other ancient writers relate that the Phoenicians, and after them the Greeks and the Romans, traded for tin to Cornwall and the Scilly islands, under the name of the islands Cassiterides, from a very early period ; and Diodorus Siculus, who wrote in the reign of Augustus, gives a particular account of the manner in which the tin-ore was dug and prepared by the Bri- CORN CORN tons. At what time the coinage of the tin procured here was established^ is uncertain^ but it was practised so early as the reign of King John. In that of Edward I. it was first ordered, for better securing the payment of the duty to the earl, that all tin should be brought to certain places appointed for that purpose, to be weighed and stamped, or, as it is usually termed coined; and that no tin should be sold until the stamp had been affixed. The term coinage, by which this process has always been designated, appears to have been derived from cutting off a coign, or corner of each block, to ascertain its purity. The average annual quantity raised from these mines in the years 1799, 1800, and 1801, was 16,820 blocks, each weighing about cwt. : in 1811, the quantity produced was only 14,698 blocks, but in 1824 it had increased to 28,310, and in 1831 it was 25,155, the average of the eight years from 1824 to 1831 inclu- sive being 26,647 blocks. The mineral rights of tin in the duchy manors were sold, about eighteen years ago, for a term of years. The tin-ore has always been smelted in the county, at first in blast-furnaces, the buildings for which were called ^^blowing-houses but reverberatory furnaces being introduced early in the last century, the ore has since been smelted in them with pit coal from South Wales, the produce being called common tin.” The blowing-houses have been since used only for smelts ing the diluvial or stream tin, in which charcoal alone is used 5 and the produce is called “ grain tin,” being of purer quality, and bearing a higher price than the com- mon kind. The Copper mines were not extensively worked until the close of the 17th century, since which the quantity of ore raised has been gradually increasing : in 1824, 110,000 tons of ore were obtained, producing 8417 tons of copper, of the value of £743,253 ; in 1826, 128,459 of ore, producing 10,450 of copper, of the value of £755,358 j in the year ending June, 1831, 146,502 of ore, producing 12,218 of copper, of the value of £817,740 j and in 1837, 140,753 of ore, producing 10,823 of copper, of the value of £908,613. The pro- duce of the Lead mines is inconsiderable, and the only one from which silver is extracted is in the parish of Calstock. Much use is made of the various kinds of stone found in the county j and the Cornish slate is a consi- derable article of commerce. Of this, the principal quarries are those on the southern coast, those between Liskeard and the Tamar, those in the parishes of Padstow and Tintagel, and the celebrated quarry of Delabole, or Dennybal, in the parish of St. Teath, the produce of which is held in the highest esteem, and is shipped in large quantities from Port Isaac, about five miles dis- tant, both coastwise and to the continent : the quartz crystals found in this quarry are of great brilliancy. There is a great quantity of stone suitable for building in various parts of the county : it is principally taken from the porphyry dykes, or elvan courses, which tra- verse both the granite and slate strata 3 the granite, or moor -stone, which abounds on the surface of the moors, has of late years been exported for the erection of bridges and other public buildings. Steatite, or soap rock, of a fine soft texture, is found imbedded in the serpentine, near the Lizard, and is the most curious of all the earthy substances found in Cornwall 3 it is of various colours, but the pure white is most esteemed for the porcelain manufacture, for the use of which much 671 of it is exported. An abundance of feldspar clay, re- sulting from the decomposition of granite, is found in the parishes of Roche, St. Stephen, and St. Denis, and is likewise shipped, chiefly at the neighbouring ports of Charlestown and Pentuan, for the manufacture of china and fine earthenware. A yellow sandy clay, which, from its resisting intense heat, is called fire-clay, found near Lelant, is sent to Wales, for laying the bottoms of copper furnaces. In the parish of St. Key erne is a yellow clay used to make moulds for casting metals 3 and near Liskeard is found a clay of a slaty nature, but of a soapy texture, which has fertilizing properties. Among the Cornish ornamental stones may be enume- rated its serpentine or porphyry, marbles, talc, stalac- tites, and the asbestos and small gems : its fossils are of great variety, many of them beautiful in colour, and some clear and transparent, from which they have ob- tained the name of Cornish diamonds. The abundance of Fish on the coast constitutes an im- portant source of trade : the most esteemed species for the table, such as the turbot, dory, piper, sole, red mullet, whiting, &c., are plentiful 3 but the most important of the fisheries are those of mackerel, herrings, and pil- chards, particularly of the last, which is peculiar to this coast, the opposite coast of Britanny, and that of the south of Ireland. After supplying the inhabitants with their winter stock, the great mass of pilchards are salted, after which the oil is pressed out of them, and they are then packed in hogsheads for exportation, prin- cipally to the ports of Italy. The chief stations of the pilchard fisheries at present are Fowey, Looe, Mevagis- sey, St. Mawes, the Coves of the Lizard, and in Mount’s bay, on the south coast 3 and St. Ives and New Quay, on the north coast. Oysters are found in great abun- dance in the creeks of the Hel, and exported to the Medway, where they are laid down to fatten for the London market. There are few branches of Manufacture, except such as relate to the smelting and preparation of the metals 3 the manufacture of carpets is carried on at Truro, and coarse woollen- cloths are made at Truro and Perran- Arworthal 3 there are iron-foundries at Perran wharf and Hale, and manufactories for gunpowder at Kennall Vale, in the parish of St. Stythians, and at Cosawes, in that of St. Gluvias. With regard to the state of the Harbours, the mouths of nearly all the tide rivers on the north coast have been almost choked with sand cast up by the surge, or drifted in by the north-westerly winds. The principal Rivers are, the Tamar, which forms, from the sea up to its source (excepting only for the space of about three miles), the boundary between this county and Devonshire, and is navigable up to New Quay, about 24 miles above Plymouth 5 the Lynher or Lyner, which becomes navigable at Noddetor, or Notter Bridge, and spreads into the Lynher creek, four miles below which it falls into the Tamar 3 the Tide, or Tidi, which becomes navigable two miles above St. Germans’ creek, which forms a junction with the Lynher creek 3 the East Looe river, vfhich is navigable up to Sand-place 3 the Duloe, a tributary of the East Looe, and navigable up to Trelawnwear 3 the Fawy^ which becomes navigable, at high water, at Lostwithiel, three miles below which it joins the Leryn creek, and forms a wide and deep haven, falling into the sea below Fowey 3 the Fal, which about a mile below Tregoney spreads into a wide chan- CORN CORK me of them have been altered^ enlarged, and modern- d. Notwithstanding the abundance and variety of 3 mineral strata, there are few springs possessing neral properties, and those are chiefly chalybeate, le Cornish were formerly much addicted to sports and stimes, especially to the miracle play, wrestling, and rling, of which the practice of wrestling still prevails, trnwall, as before noticed, gives the title of Duke to 2 eldest son of the Sovereign. CORNWELL, a parish, in the union of Chipping- )RTON, hundred of Chadlington, county of Oxford, niles (W.) from Chipping-Norton j containing 97 in- bitants. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in 2 king’s books at £7.4. 2., and in the patronage of the own ; net income, £140. CORN WOOD {St. Michael) ^ a parish, in the union Plympton-St. Mary, hundred of Ermington, Er- ington and Plympton, and S. divisions of Devon ; con- ining, with the village and post-town of Ivy-Bridge, '80 inhabitants. The parish is intersected by the 7er Yealm, and bounded on the north-east by the 'm ; the surface is hilly, and the surrounding scenery agreeably diversified and enlivened by numerous moun- in streams. A- large portion of the land is moor, mprising about 5000 acres, and, for 9 months in the ar, appropriated to the pasture of large quantities of ttle and sheep. Granite is found in abundance, and tensively quarried for building. Cattle fairs are held . the first Monday in May, and the fourth Monday in ptember. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s oks at £33. 4. 7* 3 net income, £405 j patron. Bishop Exeter 5 impropriator. Sir J. L. Rogers. The glebe mprises about 80 acres. The church is in the ancient iglish style, and has three stone stalls and a piscina, lere is a chapel for the district of Ivy-Bridge, at the tremity of the parish. A school on the national plan supported by subscription, aided by an endowment of .0 per annum by the Rev. Duke Yonge, the late vicar, 10 also bequeathed £20 per annum for affording medi- 1 assistance to the poor 3 and two other schools are irtly supported by the vicar. The Rook charity, com- ■ising upwards of 27 acres, produces a rent of £44, bich is distributed among the poor. The aunt of Sir Walter Raleigh resided at Fardd, in the parish. CORN WORTHY {St. Peter), a parish, in the union ^Totnes, hundred of Coleridge, Stanborough and oleridge, and S. divisions of Devon, 4:^ miles (S. E. S.) from Totnesj containing 554 inhabitants. The Irish is situated on the navigable river Dart, and sepa- ted from Ashprington by the river Harborne, which 11s into the Dart. It comprises by estimation I6OO ires 3 the soil is fertile in some parts, in others poor 3 lere are some good pastures, and productive orchards, bout fifty persons are employed in the paper manufac- ire. There are quarries of limestone, which is raised r building purposes, but chiefly for burning into lime, id for the roads. The living is a discharged vicarage, lined in the king’s books at £103 net income, £2103 itron and incumbent. Rev. Charles Barter 3 impro- riators, Edward Holdelet, J. Peete, and H. Tucker, sqrs. The church is a neat structure, in the later nglish style, and contains a monument to Sir Thomas arrison. A school, now conducted on the national an, was founded, in I609, by Elizabeth Harris, and idowed by her with land producing about £25 per VoL. I.— 673 annum. Sir John Peters bequeathed a small sum from the great tithes, to be distributed to poor people 3 and there are some cottages erected on land given for that purpose by Sir Peter Edgecumbe. An ancient priory for seven nuns of the order of St. Augustine, said to have been founded by the ancestors of the family of Edgecumbe, and valued at the Dissolution at £63 per annum, formerly stood here : two of the arched gate- ways still remain. CORPUSTY {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Aylsham, hundred of South Erpingham, E. division of Norfolk, 6 miles (W. N. W.) from Aylsham 3 con- taining 449 inhabitants. The parish is on the road from Norwich to Holt, and comprises by measurement 948 acres 3 the village is situated on the south side of a branch of the river Bure, on which is a flour-mill. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £ 4 . 12. 8“. 3 net income, £623 patron. Bishop of Norwich 3 impropriator, J. R. Ives, Esq., whose tithes have been commuted for £ 256 .^ The church, which stands on an eminence commanding very fine views, is chiefly in the decorated style, and consists of nave and chancel, with a square embattled tower 3 the nave is separated from the chancel by the remains of a carved screen, and there is a handsome sculptured font. The Wesleyans and Primitive Methodists have each a place of worship. CORRIDGE, a township, in the parish of Hart- burn, union of Morpeth, W. division of Morpeth ward, N. division of Northumberland, 11 miles (W. by S.) from Morpeth 3 containing 22 inhabitants. The families of Aynsley, Robson, and Carr have held lands here. The towmship is divided into two farms. East and West, and comprises 329 «. Ir. 19pv of which 67 acres arfe arable, 262 pasture, and the remainder wood- land 3 the river Wansbeck passes on the north. A rent-charge of £24 is paid to the vicar of Hartburn. CORRINGHAM {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Orsett, hundred of Barstable, S. division of Essex, 3 miles (E.) from Horndon-on-the-Hill 3 con- taining 255 inhabitants. The parish is situated between Tilbury Fort and Canvey Island, and bounded on the south by the river Thames : at the time of the Norman survey it belonged to the Bishop of London. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 22 . 13. 4 . ; pa- tron and incumbent. Rev. W. R. Stephenson, whose tithes have been commuted for £830, and whose glebe contains 29 acres. The church, situated on the Green, is an ancient building, with a low tower, surmounted by a shingled spire. CORRINGHAM {St. Lawrence) , a parish, in the union of Gainsborough, wapentake of Corringham, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 4 miles (E. by N.) from Gainsborough, on the road to Louth 3 com- prising the hamlets of Aisby, Dunstall, and Yawthorpe, the township of Little Corringham, and the chapelry of Somerby 3 and containing 564 inhabitants, of whom 189 are in Little Corringham. This parish is in the Norman survey called Coringeham, and is the head of a deanery, the original establishment of which, though not exactly known, must have been prior to the year 1 1 00. Somerby Park is noticed in the survey under the name of Sumerdebi, a Saxon appellation, signifying the habitation or encamp- ment of an army, and supposed to be derived from an ancient Roman camp near the spot, where was also 4 R C O R S C O R T T^y the late Sir Paul Methuen. The manufacture of woollen-cloths was formerly carried on, and in the last century had obtained some degree of celebrity, but it has, since that period, altogether disappeared. The market has been discontinued j but fairs for cattle are held on March 7th and September 4th. A new market- house, which is also a court-house, was built with a view of reviving the market, by P. C. Methuen, Esq., in 1784, in the centre of the town. The Great Western railway runs in the vicinity. The parish comprises 6498a. Sr. 14p., of which more than 2200 acres are arable, nearly 3800 pasture, and 228 woodland ; the peasantry are partly occupied in raising stone from the numerous quarries in this parish and that of Box. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10. 16. 3 patron. Lord Methuen 3 impropriators, the Landowners. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for £299. 10., and the vicar enjoys some peculiar privileges, and possesses an official seal. The church is an ancient structure, with a tower rising from four massive piers and arches in the centre, between the nave and the chancel, and formerly surmounted by a lofty spire, which, being deemed insecure, was taken down in 1812 : the aisles are separated from the nave by low Norman pillars and small arches, of which, within the last few years, two on each side have been thrown into one. In the north aisle is a small chapel, divided from it by a stone screen of handsome design 3 and on the north-western side is the ecclesiastical or consistory court of the incumbent. There are places of worship for Baptists and Independents. At the south-east entrance to the town is a free school, with an almshouse for six aged poor, built and endowed by Lady Margaret Hungerford, in 1668, and both under the superintend- ence of a master, who occupies a handsome lodge adjoin- ing the schoolroom. The first master, appointed by Lady Hungerford, was the Rev. Edward Wells, vicar of the parish, and father of the learned author of Sacred Geography ; and Mr. Hasted, the historian of the county of Kent, who died here in 1812, held the same appoint- ment. A school-house was erected for the parish by the late Paul Cobb Methuen, Esq., in 1816 : a boys’ school on the Lancasterian system is supported by subscription 5 and a girls’ school is maintained at the expense of Lady Methuen. Some valuable lands are vested in trustees for repairing the church, sustaining the poor in’ the parish dwelling, and for the repair of the bridges. Mr. Richard Kirby, of Islington, in 1672, bequeathed his interest in an estate near Dublin, to be distributed among eight poor persons 3 and Lady James’ charity, producing £57. 8. 4. per annum from the three per cents., of which the parish receives two-thirds, is appropriated to the distribution of blankets and coats among the poor. Bishop Tanner states that here was an alien priory, and that William the Conqueror gave the church of this place to the abbey of St. Stephen, at Caen, in Normandy, which, as parcel of the late pos- sessions of that foreign house, was as^signed by Henry VI. to King’s College, Cambridge 3 but he is at a loss to reconcile this fact with the gift of the church and other possessions in this place by Henry II. to the Benedictine monks of Marmonstier, in Tourrain, who had a cell here. During the wars with France, this alien priory was in the. custody of the Bishop and Chapter of Exeter, and was given, in the 1st of Edward 675 IV., towards the endowment of the monastery at Syon, and as parcel thereof was granted by James I. to Philip Moore 3 it was valued at £22. 13. 4. There was also a nunnery, which occupied the present site of the Methuen Arms inn. CORSLEY (St. Margaret) ^ a parish, in the union and hundred of Warminster, Warminster and S. divi- sions of Wilts, 3^ miles (W, N. W.) from Warminster 3 and containing 1621 inhabitants. The parish comprises by measurement 2580 acres : stone for building and road-making is quarried 3 and the w^eaving of cloth employs about thirty persons. Fairs are held on Whit- Tuesday, and the first Monday in August, for cheese, pigs, and toys. The ancient manor-house, in which it is said Sir Walter Raleigh passed much of his time in concealment, is now occupied as a farm-house. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 0. 10. 3 net income, £215, arising chiefly from 98 acres of land, allotted, under an act for inclos- ing the parish, in 1780 3 patron and impropriator. Mar- quess of Bath. A very handsome church has been erected on the site of a former structure, at an expense of £3500, and was opened for divine service on the 22nd of October, 1833. On the summit of Clea Hill are re- mains of a strong intrenchment, to which the Danes are said to have fled from Edindon, where they had been attacked by Alfred, and to have sustained a fortnight’s siege 3 and numerous fossils are found imbedded in the chalk, of which the hill consists. CORSTON (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Keynsham, hundred of Weelow, E. division of Somer- set, S^ miles (W.) from Bath 3 containing 604 inhabit- ants. The river Avon bounds the parish on the north- east, and the Great Western railway intersects it 3 it comprises 1145 acres. Cornua ammonis and various petrified shells abound in the quarries. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6.3. 9 .; net income, £150; patron, Bishop of Bath and Wells 3 impropriator. Col. Gore Langton. CORSTONE, a chapelry, in the parish, union, and hundred of Malmesbury, Malmesbury and Kingswood, and N. divisions of Wilts, 2| miles (S. by W.) from Malmesbury 3 containing 273 inhabitants. The chapel, dedicated to All Saints, exhibits some portions of early English architecture. CORTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Portisham, union of Weymouth, hundred of Uggscombe, Dor- chester division of Dorset, 6 miles (S. W.) from Dor- chester. Here was formerly a chapel, which has long been desecrated, and converted into a barn. CORTON (St. Bartholomew), a parish, in the in- corporation and hundred of Mutford and Lothtng- LAND, E. division of Suffolk, 2 miles (N.) from Lowes- toft 3 containing 442 inhabitants. This parish, which comprises 1149a. Ir. 39p., is situated on the coast of the North Sea, and has doubtless participated in the devastation occasioned by its encroachment upon the land, by which the adjoining parish of Newton has been almost destroyed. From the remains of a church still visible at a place called the Gate, and the ruins and old foundations of houses in other parts, the village of Corton is presumed to have been much more extensive than at present, and probably the resort of fishermen, when the mouth of Yarmouth harbour reached nearly to this place. The living is a discharged vicarage, 4 R 2 C O S B C O S M in the patronage of the Crown ; impropriators, Heirs of Thomas Fowler, Esq. : the great tithes have been com- muted for £242, and the vicarial for £120. The church is partly in ruins, the porch and the walls of the nave being nearly overspread with ivy, but divine service is still performed in the chancel : from its beautiful tower, which is yet perfect, and serves as a landmark for mariners, and from its extensive ruins, there is reason to presume that it was a structure of much magnificence. Coins, fossils, &c., have been found within the base of the cliff, which borders on the sea, on its being under- mined by the tide j and a stratum of oak, several feet thick, and extending in length more than 200 yards, was exposed to the view, after a severe storm, in 1812. About the same time, a part of the pelvis, or haunch bones, of the mammoth, together with other antedi- luvian remains, was found half a mile northward of the place. CORTON, a township, in the parish of Boyton, union of Warminster, hundred of Heytesbxjry, War- minster and S. divisions of Wilts, 2^ miles (S. E. byS.) from Heytesbury ; containing 205 inhabitants. CORTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Cliffe-Pypard, union of Cricklade and Wootton-Basset, hundred of Kingsbridge, Swindon and N. divisions of Wilts, 5 miles (N. E.) from Caine. Here was formerly a chapel. CORTON-DENHAM {St, Andrew), a parish, in the union of Wincanton, hundred of Horethorne, E. division of Somerset, 4 miles (N.) from Sherborne ; containing 480 inhabitants. The parish is romantically situated in a valley at the foot of a range of hills, whereof the highest point is called Beacon Hill, or Corton-Ash Beacon, which rises 655 feet above the level of the sea ; nearly the whole of the lands have been Iield by the ancestors of Lord Portman since about the year 1600. Large quantities of marl of rich quality are obtained, which is used as a good top dressing on high lands ; and at the sides of Corton Hill is an immense mass of building-stone, but the great labour required to work it to a fine surface, on account of its veins of iron, renders it useless. There is a manufactory for dowlas. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 9. 4|., and in the gift of Lord Portman : the tithes have been commuted for £366, and the glebe comprises 32^ acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is a neat structure, and is supposed to have been built in 1541, and the tower, from a date over the entrance door, in 1685. There is a parochial school. Some workmen, in 17^3, discovered a Roman urn in the vicinity, containing coins, in good preservation, of the emperors from Valerian and Gallienus to Probus 3 and there are traces of extensive fortifications about half way under the hill, which are thought to have been connected with South Cadbury Castle, about two miles distant. CORYTON {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Tavistock, hundred of Lifton, Lifton and S. divisions of Devon, 6 |: miles (N. by W.) from Tavistock ; con- taining 374 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 13. 9. j net income, £208 j patron, Sir Robert Newman. COSBY {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Blaby, hundred of Guthlaxton, S. division of the county of Leicester, 7 miles (S. S. W.) from Leicester 5 676 containing, with part of the hamlet of Little Thorpe, 1013 inhabitants. It comprises 2000 acres, consisting of arable and pasture land in about equal portions : the manufacture of stockings is carried on. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £4. 15.5 net income, £138, arising from land allotted under an inclosure act, in I767, in lieu of tithes; patron, J. Pares, Esq. ; impropriators, W. Hubbard, Esq., and others. COSCOMB, a hamlet, in the parish of Didbrook, union of Winch comb, Lower division of the hundred of Kiftsgate, E. division of the county of Gloucester 3 containing 18 inhabitants. COSELEY, an ecclesiastical district, comprising the villages of Coseley and Brierley, with part of the village of Ettingshall, in the parish of Sedgley, union of Dud- ley, N. division of the hundred of Seisdon, S. division of the county of Stafford 3 and containing 6000 inha- bitants. This place is situated in the heart of a district abounding with mines of coal and iron-stone ; and the inhabitants are principally employed in the various branches of the iron trade and other works in the neigh- bourhood, and in the manufacture of nails and screws, which is carried on to a great extent. A new branch of the Birmingham canal has been recently cut from Wol- verhampton, passing through the district. A church, dedicated to Our Blessed Saviour, was erected in 1829, at an expense of £10,537, by grant of the Parliamentary Commissioners, and is a spacious building, in the later English style, with a square embattled tower. The living is a district incumbency, in the patronage of the present Vicar of Sedgley during his life, and afterwards in that of Lord Ward 3 net income, £138. There are places of worship for Particular and General Baptists, Wesleyans, and Unitarians 3 and national schools were erected, in 1833, at an expense of £580. COSFORD, a hamlet, in the parish of Newbold- upon-Avon, union of Rugby, Rugbj^ division of the hundred of Knightlow, N. division of the county of Warwick, 3 miles (N. by W.) from Rugby 3 containing 82 inhabitants. COSGROVE {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of PoTTERSPURY, hundred of Cleley, S. division of the county of Northampton, 2 miles (N. N. E.) from Stony- Stratford 3 containing 7OI inhabitants. The parish is situated on the border of Buckinghamshire, the Buck- ingham canal passing on its southern side and there joining the Grand Junction canal, which enters the county here, by crossing the Ouse near the confluence of the Tow with that river. It consists of 1559«. Ir. S3p., and the road from Northampton to Stony-Strat- ford intersects it. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14. 11. 3., and in the patronage of Mrs. Mansell; net income, £363. In digging for the Grand Junction canal, some skeletons were found here 3 also an earthen pot containing Roman coins, chiefly of the later emperors. There is a mineral spring in the parish. COSMUS, ST., and DAMIAN-in-the-Blean {St. CoSMus AND St. Damian), a parish, and the head of the union of Blean, in the hundred of Whitstable, lathe of St. Augustine, E. division of Kent, 1| mile (N. W. by N.) from Canterbury 3 containing 606 inhabitants. This parish, which includes some lands belonging to the Master of Eastbridge Hospital, and others held under CO ss COST the Dean and Chapter of Canterburj^ all tithe-free^ is intersected by the Canterbury and Whitstable railroad^ and comprises 2260a. Ir. 15p., of which 704 acres are arable, 347 pasture, 657 wood, and 26 hop-grounds. The living is a vicarage, endowed with the rectorial tithes, valued in the king’s books at £10, and in the patronage of the Master of the Hospital : the tithes have been commuted for £537, and the glebe comprises 3 acres. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. Mrs. Legett, in 1827, bequeathed £75 three per cents., the dividends of which are distributed among the poor. The union of Blean comprises 16 parishes or places, and contains a population of 13,745. COSSAL (St. Catherine), a parish, in the union of Basford, S. division of the wapentake of Broxtow, N. division of the county of Nottingham, 6| miles (W. N. W.) from Nottingham 3 containing 334 inhabitants. The Nottingham canal proceeds through this parish to the northward, in a serpentine direction 5 and the river Erewash runs on the west side, separating it from Derbyshire. The living is a perpetual curacy, annexed to the rectory of Wollaton. In the village is an hospital, founded by the ancient family of Willoughby, for four old men and four women. COSSEY, or Costessey (St. Edmund), a parish, in the incorporation and hundred of Forehoe, E. division of Norfolk, 4 miles (N. W. by W.) from Norwich j con- taining 1074 inhabitants. The parish is bounded on the north by the river Wensum, and comprises 3040 acres, of which 1500 are arable, 640 meadow and pasture, 550 woodland, and the remainder common and waste. Cos- sey Hall, the seat of Lord Stafford, lord of the manor, is a spacious quadrangular mansion, erected by Sir Henry Jerningham, Bart., and contains many stately apartments ; it is situated in a well-wooded park, and contiguous to the house is the family chapel, dedicated to St. Augustine, and richly embellished with stained glass. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patron- age of the Trustees of the Great Hospital, Norwich : the tithes have been commuted for £337, and the glebe comprises 60 acres. The church is a handsome struc- ture in the later English style, with a square embattled tow'er, surmounted by a spire. There is a place of worship for Baptists ; and a Roman Catholic chapel, in the early English style, to which a schoolroom is at- tached, was erected in 1841. A national school is supported by subscription. COSSINGTON {Jll Saints), a parish, in the union of Barrow-upon-Soar, hundred of East Goscote, N. division of the county of Leicester, 2 miles (S. E. by E.) from Mountsorrel 5 containing 310 inhabitants. It is bounded by the rivers Soar and Wreak e, and com- prises by computation 1500 acres, about two- thirds of which are arable, and the rest pasture, with the excep- tion of 20 acres of woodland 5 the soil, though various, is fertile and productive, and the surface is elevated, but in some parts flat, and subject to inundation from the rivers. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £17- 7. 6.5 net income, £448; patron and incumbent. Rev. J. Babington. Near the Wreake is a large oblong tumulus, 350 feet long, 120 broad, and 40 high, and very steep, called Shipley Hill, and supposed to be the monument of some Danish king. COSSINGTON (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Bridgwater, hundred of Whitley, W. division of 677 Somerset, 4^ miles (N. E. by E.) from Bridgwater ; containing 248 inhabitants. The village is one of the neatest in the count}^ the cottages being fitted up in a tasteful style, and the gardens ornamentally laid out. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 10.; net income, £254; patron and incumbent, Rev. T. Hobbs. COSTOCK, or Cortlingstock (St. Giles), a pa- rish, in the union of Loughborough, S. division of the wapentake of Rushcliffe and of the county of Nottingham, 6 miles (N. N. E.) from Loughborough ; containing 470 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the road between Nottingham and Leicester, in a valley extending in a direction from east to west, between hills that inclose it on each side, and is watered by a brook which divides it into two nearly equal parts : it com- prises by computation 1500 acres, of which about one- third is wold, and the remainder in nearly equal por- tions arable and pasture land. Limestone is quarried for the uses of agriculture and building, and for the repairs of roads. About thirty persons are employed in stocking- making, and a few women in spotting and running lace. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 13. 4. ; net income, £395 ; patron. Rev. Dr. Sutton. The tithes were commuted for land in I7 60, about 450 acres still remaining subject to tithe ; there is a good glebe-house, with about 200 acres of land. The church, which is supposed to have been built about the year 1300, appears to have lost much of its ancient beauty, having been probably desecrated during the troubles of the seventeenth century ; it is now a plain edifice, the principal ornament of which is an eastern window in the chancel. There is a place of worship for We&ley- ans ; and a school on the national plan was erected in 1840. COSTON (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Melton-Mowbray, hundred of Framland, N. division of the county of Leicester, 3^ miles (S. E.) from Waltham ; containing 147 inhabitants, and comprising by computation 1800 acres. The living is a. rectory, valued in the king’s books at £16. 6. 3., and in the patronage of the Crown ; net income, £360. The church is a handsome structure, in the early and decorated English styles, with a tower surmounted by a handsome spire, in the later English style. COSTON (St. Michael), a parish, in the incorpora- tion and hundred of Forehoe, E. division of Norfolk, 4^ miles (N. W.) from Wymondham ; containing 48 inhabitants. It comprises 345 acres, of which 243 are arable, 90 meadow and pasture, and 9 woodland. The living is a rectory, in the patronage of the Bishop of Norwich : the tithes have been commuted for £93, and the glebe comprises about 8 acres. The church is in the early English style, with a square embattled tower. COSTON-HACKET (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Bromsgrove, Upper division of the hundred of Halfshire, Northfield and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, 6 miles (N. E.) from Bromsgrove ; con- taining 211 inhabitants. The parish comprises 1251 acres of variable land, of which 600 are arable, 460 pasture, I70 woodland, and 21 water. Part of the parish extends over a portion of the range of hills called Bromsgrove Lickey, commanding extensive views of the surrounding counties, and in several places it is orna- mented with large quantities of oak and fir. The Bir- COTG GOTH mingham and Gloucester railway passes through. The living is annexed to the rectory of Northfield : the tithes have been commuted for £244, and the glebe consists of 56 acres. The church is a small edifice, with a bell gable, having some decorated portions in the later English style. There is an excellent Sunday school. Partly here, and partly in the parish of King’s-Norton^ lies Groveley, the residence, beautifully situated, of John Merry, Esq. Charles I. slept at Cofton Hall, now a farm-house, in the parish, on the 14th of May, 1645, the day when Hawksley House was taken. COTCLIFF, an extra-parochial district, in the parish of Leake, union of North-Allerton, wapentake of Allertonshire, N. riding of York, 4 miles (E. by S.) from North-Allerton j containing 15 inhabitants. This place is situated on the east bank of the small river Goldbeck, and consists of an extensive acclivity, ter- minating in a boldly rising cliff, which] is well wooded : the Bishop of Ripon is lord of the manor and owner of the soil. COTE, a ty thing, in the parish of Olveston, union of Thornbury, Lower division of the hundred of Langley and Swinehead, W. division of the county of Gloucester ; containing 17 inhabitants. COTE, with Aston, a hamlet, in the parish and hundred of Bampton, union of Witney, county of Ox- ford, 2 -^ miles (W. by S.) from Bampton 3 containing, 7^7 inhabitants, of whom 204 are in Cote. COTES3 a hamlet, in the parish of Prestwold, union of Loughborough, hundred of East Goscote, N. division of the county of Leicester, 1| mile (N. E. by E.) from Loughborough 3 containing 75 inhabitants. COTES, a township, in the parish of Egcleshall, union of Stone, N. division of the hundred of Pire- HiLL and of the county of Stafford 5 containing 328 inhabitants. The Grand Junction railway passes through it. COTES-DE-VAL, a hamlet, in the parish of Kim- COTE, union of Lutteiiworth, hundred of Guth lax- ton, S. division of the county of Leicester, miles (E. N. E.) from Lutterworth 3 containing 6 inhabitants. COTGRAVE (^LL Saints), a parish, in the union, and S. division of the wapentake, of Bingham, S. division of the county of Nottingham, 6 miles (S. E. by E.) from Nottingham 3 containing, with the hamlet of Strag- glethorpe, 850 inhabitants. The parish comprises 3500a. 2r. 3’5p., exclusively of 10^ acres of roads 3 a portion called the Wold, formerly an uncultivated tract, has been converted into rich arable land 3 the greater part of the surface is flat 3 the soil is partly a tenacious clay, and partly a rich loam, and the high grounds on each side of the village sibound in blue marl, intermixed with layers of red clay. Limestone of the blue lias forma- tion is abimdant, and is quarried for building and the roads, and also for burning into lime, and gypsum is also fbitnd. The Nottingham and Grantham cankl in- tersects the parish. The Court of St. John of Hieru- salem,” which was anciently held at Shelford, under the priot of St. John of Jerusalem, and then styled the " Master and Lieutenant’s Court of Shelford,” is held here, and has a common seal : its jurisdiction extends iOver various parishes for which places all wills are proved in this court, and to the tenants of which char- ters of exemption from toll throughout the king’s do- minions are granted. The living is a rectory, consisting 678 of two consolidated medieties, the first valued in the king’s books at £10. 7- 3^., and the second at £9. 14. 9j. 3 net income, £628 3 patron, Earl Manvers. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1790 3. the glebe consists of 555 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is a handsome structure, in the later English style, with a square embattled tower crowned with pinnacles, and surmounted by a lofty octangular spire 3 the nave is parted from the aisles by slender clustered columns, and lighted by an ele- gant range of clerestory windows.. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and a national school is sup- ported. GOTHAM, a hamlet, in the parish of Reelbv, union of Caistor, E. division of the wapentake of Yar- borough, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 9 miles (N. W. by W.) from Great Grimsby. In the reign of Stephen, Alan Muncels, or Munceaux, built here a Cistercian nunnery, in honour of the Virgin Mary, in which, at the suppression, were a prioress and twelve nuns, whose revenue was estimated at £46 per annum. GOTHAM (St. Michael), a parish, in the union, and S. division of the wapentake, of Newark, S. division of the county of Nottingham, 4 miles (S.) from Newark 3 containing 87 inhabitants. The living is a donative, valued in the king’s books at £7. 18. 3 net income, £35 3 patron, Duke of Portland. The church was partly re- built in 1831. COTHELSTON, a parish, in the union of Taunton, hundred of Taunton and Taunton-Dean, W. division of Somerset, 7 miles (N. W. by N.) from Taunton 3 containing 104 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the road to Bridgwater. Limestone strata of blue lias are found 3 and some indications of copper being ob- served, an attempt at mining was made, but soon dis- continued. Cothelston Hill is 1250 feet above the level of the sea, commanding an extensive view over eleven counties 3 on the summit is a round tower of great antiquity. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £58 3 patron. Vicar of Kingston, to which church it was once a daughter church : the tithes are appropriate to the Dean and Chapter of Bristol, and have been com- muted for a rent-charge of £68. The church contains some interesting monuments to the Stowells, formerly possessors of the manor, which are placed in an aisle now belonging to the family of Esdaile. GOTHERIDGE (St. Leonard), a parish, in the union of Martley, Upper division of the hundred, of Doddingtree, Worcester and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, 3f miles (W.) from Worcester, on the road to Bromyard 3 containing 228 inhabitants. It is bounded on the south by the river Teame, and con- sists of 2162 acres. The living is a perpetual curacy, valued in the king’s books at £5. I6. 8. 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. R. Berkeley. Sir Rowland Berkeley, in 1694, gave a rent-charge of £6 for apprenticing children. COTHERSTON, a township, in the parish of Ro- mald-Kirk, union of Teesdale, wapentake of Gil- ling-West, N. riding of York, 3f miles (N. W. by W.) from Barnard-Castle 3 containing 566 inhabitants. The village is pleasantly situated on the south bank of the Tees, and is celebrated for the making of cheese, similar in quality to Stilton.” There is a manufactory for C 0 TT COTT carpets. Here are the remains of a castle that formerly belonged to the Fitz-Hughs, lords of the manor, but was destroyed in one of the devastating inroads of the Scots. The tithes have been commuted for £108. There are places of worship for the Society of Friends, Indepen- dents, and Wesleyans ; and a national school. COTHILL, a hamlet, in the parish of Marcham, union of Abingdon, hundred of Ock, county of Berks ; containing 45 inhabitants. COTLEIGH, a parish, in the union of Honiton, hundred of Colyion, Honiton and S. divisions of Devon, 3 miles (E. N. E.) from H6niton ; containing 269 inhabitants. It comprises 12 1 6a. 18p., of which 56 1 acres are arable, 625 pasture, and 30 woodland. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9 5 patron and incumbent, Rev. W. Michell : the tithes have been commuted for £200, and the glebe consists of 23 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. COTNESS, a township, in the parish and union of Howden, wapentake of Howdenshire, E. riding of York, 5 miles (S. E.) from Howden ; containing 38 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 240 acres, ex- clusive of about 250 acres on Walling fen: the river Ouse passes on the south. COTON (St, Peter), a parish, in the union of Chesterton, hundred of Wetherley, county of Cam- bridge, 3 miles (W. by N.) from Cambridge j contain- ing 307 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 12. 11. 3 net income, £213; patrons, Master and Fellows of Catherine Hall, Cambridge. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1799. Dr. Andrew Downes, Greek professor at Cambridge, and translator of the Apocry- pha, died here in 1627. COTON, a township, in the parish of Hanbury, union of Burton-uron-Trent, N. division of the hun- dred of Offlow and of the county of Stafford, 6^ miles (S. E. by S.) from Uttoxeter ; containing 72 in- habitants. William Wollaston, author of The Religion of Nature Delineated, was born here in 1650. COTON, with Hopton, a township, in the parish of St. Mary and St. Chad, Stafford, S. division of the hundred of Pi re hill, union, and N. division of the county, of Stafford, 5f miles (E. by S.) from Stone ; containing 464 inhabitants. Here is situated the Staf- fordshire General Lunatic Asylum. COTON-IN-THE-ELMS, a township, in the parish of Lullington, union of Burton-upon-Trent, hun- dred of Repton and Gresley, S. division of the county of Derby, 6^ miles (S. by W.) from Burton ; containing 351 inhabitants. The township comprises 1176a. Ir. S4p. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £230. A school is chiefly supported by the Horton family, who allow the master £30 per annum. COTT AM, with Lea, Ashton, and Ingol, a town- ship, in the parish and union of Preston, hundred of Amotjnderness, N. division of the county of Lancas- ter, 4 miles (W. N. W.) from Preston j containing 7 10 inhabitants. There is a Roman Catholic chapel. COTTAM, a chapelry, in the parish of South Le- vs rton, union of East Retford, North-Clay division of the wapentake of Bassetlaw, N. division of the county of Nottingham, 8 miles (E. by S.) from East Retford ; containing 89 inhabitants, and comprising 625 acres. The chapel is dedicated to the Holy Trinity. 679 '' COTTAM, a chapelry, in the parish of Langtoft, union of Driffield, wapentake of Dickering, E. riding of the county of York, 5f miles (N. N. tV.) from Great Driffield ; containing 41 inhabitants. The chapelry comprises 2600 acres, of which 1800 are arable, meadow, pasture, and sheep-walks, and 800 rabbit warren. The living is a perpetual curacy, annexed to the vicarage of Langtoft : the chapel is a small and very plain edifice. COTTENHAM (All Saints), a parish, in the union and hundred of Chesterton, locally in Northstow hun- dred, county of Cambridge, 6f miles (N.) from Cam- bridge 5 containing 1833 inhabitants. This place was the residence of the monks sent here by Gebffrey, Abbot of Crowland, and who first established a regular course of academical education at Cambridge. The village was nearly destroyed by an accidental fire, in 1676, which consumed rhore than two-thirds of the buildings. The parish comprises by measurement 7037 acres. The Adventurers’ land, chiefly inclosed from the old riveir Ouse and the common adjoining. Was sometimes subject to inundation, but, in consequence of late improvements, this has been in a great measure prevented ; and acts for inclosing lands, and for draining certain feh lands and low grounds in the parish were passed in 1842. The dairies, which are numerous, are famed for producing excellent cheese. A branch of the old Ouse passes near the village, and meets the river Cam below Streatham. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £36. 15., and in the gift of the Bishop of Ely : the tithes have been commuted for £765, and the glebe comprises 133 acres. The church is a handsome structure, in the later English style. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists. A school was founded, in 1703, by Mrs. Catharine Pepys, who gave a house, and £l00 to purchase land, and it has several other small endow- ments. This is the birthplace of Archbishop Tehison, who died in 1715. Charles Christopher Pepys, the late lord high chancellor, was raised to the peerage by the title of Baron Cottenham, Jan. I6th|^ 1836. COTTERED (St. Mary), a parash, in the union "^of Buntingford, hundred of Odsey, county of HERt- FORD, 3 miles (iV^.) from Buntingford; containing 46^ inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 1755 acres; and is intersected by a cross-road between Baldock and Buntingford. The living is a rectory, with that df Broadfield annexed, valued in the king’s books at £20. 8. 6|. ; net income, £348 3 patroti W. BroWn, Esq. : the tithes were commuted for 315 acres of land; under an inclosure act, in 1806, and there are 10 acres of ancient glebe, with a glebe-hoiise. The church con- sists of a nave and chancel, in the later English style, but has, by various alterations, been deprived of its general unity of design ; the interior contains a beautiful marble font, and is thought to be one of the neatest in the county. Schools in union with the National Society were built by Mr. Henry Soames, in 1829, and endowed with a rent-charge of £40. COTTERSTOCK (St, Andrew), a parish, in the union of Oundle, hundred of Willybrook,N. division of the county of Northampton, 2 miles (N. N. E.) from Oundle 3 containing 204 inhabitants. The parish is situ- ated on the left bank of the river Nene, and consists of 675a. 2r. 6p. The living is a discharged vicarage; with that of Glapthorn united 3 net income, £91 ; patroti and impropriator, Earl of Westmorland : the tithes were C O T T COTT commuted for land and a money payment in 1813. The church, with its tower, is an interesting edifice, exhibit- ing portions in every style of English architecture, and some remains of stained glass in the fine tracery of the windows : it anciently had a college for a provost, twelve chaplains, and two clerks, founded in 1336, by John Gifford, a canon in the cathedral of York 3 three stone stalls still remain in the chancel. In 1658, Clement Bellamy bequeathed land, producing about £20 per annum, for two exhibitions to scholars at Cambridge, and for apprenticing children, of which this parish is entitled to a fourth share. COTTESBACH (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Lutterworth, hundred of Guthlaxton, S. division of the county of Leicester, mile (S. by W.) from Lutterworth 3 containing 82 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the Banbury and Lutterworth road, and intersected by the Midland-Counties’ railway 3 it is bounded on the west by the Watling- street, and on the north-west by the little river Swift, and comprises by computation 1220 acres, which consist principally of rich pasture land, ornamented with oak, ash, and elm trees. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 6. 8. 3 net income, £106 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. R. Marriott : the glebe consists of about 25 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is in the decorated style. There is a school, partly supported by the incumbent. Several Roman antiquities were disco- vered in the vicinity of the Watling-street a few years ago, comprising spear-heads, urns, beads, clasps, skulls, &c. : in one part of the parish the springs have the quality of petrifying whatever falls into them. Dr. Edward Wells, author of the well-known Geography of the Old and New Testaments, and several other works, was rector of the parish for many years. COTTESBROOK {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Brixworth, hundred of Guiesborough, S. division of the county of Northampton, 8f miles (N. N. W.) from Northampton 3 containing 252 inhabit- ants. The parish is situated on the road from North- ampton to Leicester and Lutterworth, and comprises 2780a. 2 r. 28p. 3 the surface is diversified with hill and dale 3 the soil is generally clayey, and the lands, chiefly meadow and pasture, are watered by a brook which is one of the sources of the river Nene. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £26. 0. 10., and in the gift of Sir James Hay Langham, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for £646. 12., and the glebe con- sists of about 2 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is admired for its architecture, which is in the decorated style. An hospital for two widowers and six widows was founded by Sir James Langham, in 1651, and endowed with land, now producing £53 per annum. A cell of Praemonstratensian canons existed here, foun- dations of which have been dug up, the site appearing to have been surrounded by a moat. COTTESFOPtD {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Bicester, hundred of Ploughley, county of Oxford, 6 miles (N.) from Bicester 3 containing 187 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 4. 3 net income, £344 3 patrons, Provost and Fellows of Eton College. COTTESMORE {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Oakham, hundred of Alstoe, county of Rut- land, 4^: miles (N. N. E.) from Oakham 3 containing, 680 with the chapelry of Barrow, 670 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the road from the great north road to Oakham, and comprises 3379a. 20p. 3 the surface is mostly flat, except on the west side, where it forms a hill of considerable elevation 3 the soil is in general a light clay, and in some parts a reddish loam, resting on red sandstone, or on limestone rock. The district is intersected by the Oakham canal. The living is a rec- tory, valued in the king's books at £25. 16. 3.3 net income, £893 3 patron. Lord Barham. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1799 j the glebe comprises 785a. Sr. 29p., to which there is a glebe- house. At the hamlet of Burrow, in the parish, a very neat chapel of ease has been built by the Rev. H. W. Nevile 3 and schools on the national plan are supported by Lord Barham, the Earl of Lonsdale, and the clergy- man. Richard Westbrook Baker, Esq., of agricultural celebrity, and who was presented with a valuable service of plate in 1841, as a testimonial of respect, by eleven hundred subscribers, has his residence in the parish. COTTINGHAM {St. Mary Magdalene), a parish, in the union of Kettering, hundred of Corby, N. division of the county of Northampton, 2 miles (S. W. by W.) from Rockingham 3 containing, with the town- ship of Middleton, 1033 inhabitants. The parish, bounded on the north by the river Welland, which divides it from Leicestershire, comprises by measurement 3487 acres, whereof about 3156 are arable and pasture, and about 331 w^oodland : the road from Rockingham to Market- Harborough crosses it. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £23. 7. 3^. 3 net income, £426 3 patrons, Principal and Fellows of Brasenose College, Oxford. The Wesley ans have a place of worship 3 and schools are partly supported by endow^ment. In an ancient record it is stated that a house for leprous per- sons existed here in the time of Henry HI. A very massive ring of pure gold was found, in 1841, on the borders of Rockingham Forest, in the parish, apparently of great antiquity, and in good preservation 3 it is in- scribed in Saxon characters with legends supposed to be of talismanic character, and was probably worn as an amulet. COTTINGHAM {St. Mary the Virgin), a parish, and formerly a market-town, in the union of Scul- coates, Hunsley-Beacon division of the wapentake of Harthill, E. riding of the county of York, 4^ miles (N. W.) from Hull 3 containing 2618 inhabitants. This place is of considerable antiquity, and was known as of some importance when Domesday book was compiled. Leland, in his Collectanea, states that William d’Estote- ville, or Stuteville, sheriff of Yorkshire, entertained King John here, and obtained from that monarch, in the year 1200, permission to hold a market and fair, and to embattle and fortify his residence. This noble mansion, called Baynard Castle, continued for ages a distinguished monument of feudal grandeur 3 it was in the possession, successively, of the Stutevilles, the Bigods, and de Wakes, but in 1541 was destroyed by fire: it is stated, on credible authority, that Henry Vlll. being at the time at Hull, and learning that the lady of Lord de Wake, the then owner of the castle, was remarkable for her beauty, sent to apprise her lord of his intention to dine with him on the following day 3 but Lord de Wake apprehending that the object of the king was the dis- honour of his wife, directed his steward, on the night C O T T C O T T <0X1 which the intimation was received^ to set fire to the castle, which was accordingly burnt to the ground, and the royal visit thus prevented. On the death of Lord de Wake without male issue, the lordship of Cotting- ham, with 4460 acres, came to the Duke of Richmond, the Earl of Westmorland, Lord Powis, and Lord Sarum, since which time the estate has been divided into four manors, whereof three have descended to the Haworths, of Hull-Bank House, in the parish, who also possess other estates at Newland and Hull-Bank. In the 15th of Edward II., Thomas, Lord de Wake, began to establish here a monastery for Augustine canons, which, about the year 1324, was removed to the extra- parochial liberty of Newton, or Howdenprice : its re- venue at the Dissolution was estimated at £178. 0. 10. : there are no remains. The parish comprises 9495«. 3r. 8p., of which 4562 acres are arable, 4536 meadow and pasture, 144 wood, and 251 garden land, a large portion of the last being appropriated to the cultivation of vegetables and other horticultural produce for the market at Hull, which place is also, in a great measure, supplied with milk and butter from this neighbourhood. A great part of the parish is a level plain, lying between the wolds and the river Hull, which forms its eastern boundary, and separates it from the parishes of Sutton and W'^aghen, and about 2000 acres are upon the declivity of the hills, lying im- mediately upon limestone rock : there is a great diversity of soil, from a light gravel to a strong tenacious clay. On the bank of the river is the seat of Benjamin Haworth, Esq., approached by a noble avenue of elms, and within a mile of the high road from Hull to Beverley. The village is large, and very agreeably situated at the eastern foot of the wolds, and contains several highly respectable dwelling-houses : there are two breweries, and a carpet manufactory ^ and the Tweeddale Patent-Tile Company have lately erected very extensive works in a field, the property of Mr. Haworth, for the manufacture of bricks and tiles by steam, em- ploying between fifty and sixty hands, and supplying draining tiles in great quantity to all parts of the country : the river Hull affords easy conveyance ^or agricultural produce, coal, lime, &c. The market and one of the fairs have been discontinued, but a fair is held on the festival of St. Martin. The LIVING is a vicarage, with the perpetual curacy of Skidby annexed, valued in the king’s books at £106. 13. 4., and in the patronage of the Crown 3 net income, £124 3 appropriator, the Bishop of Chester : the tithes have been commuted for £968. 14. 10., and the glebe consists of 54 acres. The church is a spacious and handsome edifice, built in 1272, with a light and beautiful tower rising from the centre, and contains several elegant monuments, particularly those of the family of Burton, and in the chancel is an ancient tomb- stone to the memory of the founder, Nicholas de Stute- ville 3 a neat Grecian monument to the memory of the late Benjamin B. Haworth has recently been erected. A small church was built, by subscription, at Newland, in 1833. There are places of worship for Independents, Primitive Methodists, and Wesleyans. A free school is principally supported from a bequest of land, now pro- ducing about £45 per annum, by Mr. Mark Kirby, in 171^ ^ and another school is endowed with the interest of £100, bequeathed by Mr. Joseph Meadley. The VoL. I.— 681 national school was erected by the aid of a grant of £100 from the lords of the treasury, and £20 from the society in London. There are various minor bene- factions for the poor, including a dole of £10, left by Mr. Robert Mills, for distribution at Christmas. The experiment of allotting small portions of land to poor families, with a view to assist their industry and relieve parishes of the burthen of poor-rates, was successfully adopted here in 1819, when the parish officers took a piece of land of 12 acres, which they divided into twenty equal parts, and sublet : by the culture of fruit and vegetables for the Hull market, many of the tenants made £20 a year, most became owners of cows and pigs, and all had comfortable homes 3 and it is calcu- lated that £200 per annum were saved to the parish by a system which, from its happy results in this instance, invites a more extensive and general adoption. There are some remains of the ramparts and ditches of Baynard Castle. Adjoining the ancient road, called Keldgate, are some intermitting springs, which sometimes flow copiously after remaining quiescent for several years. COTTINGWITH, EAST, a chapelry, in the parish of Aughton union of Pocklington, Holme-Beacon division of the wapentake of Harthill, E. riding of York, 8^ miles (S. W. by W.) from Pocklington 3 con- taining 308 inhabitants. It is situated on the left bank of the river Derwent, and comprises by computation 1140 acres of land, which were inclosed in 1773, at which time the tithes were commuted for allotments and a yearly modus. The chapel, rebuilt about 60 years since, is a neat edifice, with a tower, on which is a spherical cupola. There are places of worship for Wes- leyans and the Society of Friends 3 and the poor have 18 acres of land, let for £28 per annum. COTTINGWITH, WEST, a township, in the parish of Thorganby, union of York, wapentake of Ouse and Derwent, E. riding of York, 9f miles (S. E.) from York 3 containing 201 inhabitants. This place is situ- ated on the Derwent, and forms the northern portion of the long and straggling village of Thorganby. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, under an act of inclosure, in 1810. — See Thorganby. COTTLES, with Little Chalfield, an extra-paro- chial liberty, in the union and hundred of Bradford, Westbury and N. divisions, and Trowbridge and Brad- ford subdivisions, of Wilts, S~ miles (W.) from Melk- sham 3 containing 41 inhabitants. COTTON, a township, in the parish of Sandbach, union of Congleton, hundred of Northwich, S. divi- sion of the county of Chester, 2|- miles (E. byN.) from Middlewich 3 containing 101 inhabitants. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £25. 5. COTTON, a township, in the parish and union of Wem, Whitchurch division of the hundred of North Bradford, N. division of Salop 3 containing 439 inha- bitants. COTTON, a chapelry, in the parish of Alveton, union of Cheadle, S. division of the hundred of Tot- monslow, N. division of the county of Stafford), 5^ miles (N. E.) from Cheadle 3 containing 519 inhabitants. It abounds with excellent limestone, of which extensive quarries are worked by the Trent and Mersey Canal Company. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net in- come, £44 3 patron, Thomas Gilbert, Esq. 3 impropria- tor, John Bill, Esq. The chapel was built in 1795, at 4 S C O U G C O U L the expense of the late Thomas Gilbert, Esq., who en- dowed it, and left the payment of the repairs a perpetual charge upon his property. COTTON (St, Andrew), a parish, in the union and hundred of Hartismere, W. division of Suffolk, 6 miles (N. N. E.) from Stow-Market j containing 545 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 1925 acres, of which the surface is in general fiat, and the soil heavy. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £15. 10. 2^. j patron and incumbent. Rev. Peter Eade : the tithes have been commuted for £480, and the glebe consists of 18^ acres, to which there is a glebe-house, much improved by the present incumbent. The church is a handsome structure, in the decorated style, with an embattled tower 3 there is a fine south porch and entrance 3 the nave is lighted by clerestory windows. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. COTTON, county of York. — S ee Cottam. COTTON, or Coulton, a township, in the parish of Hovingham, union of Helmsley, wapentake of Rye- dale, N. riding of York, 8 miles (S. by E.) from Helmsley 3 containing 158 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 990 acres of land : the village is situ- ated to the east of the high road from Helmsley to Easingwould. There was anciently a chapel, but no traces of it now remain. COTTON, ABBOTS, a township, in the parish of Christleton, union of Great Boughton, Lower divi- sion of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, 4 miles (E. by N.) from Chester 3 containing 15 inhabitants, and comprising by measure- ment 212 acres. COTTON, EDMUNDS, a township, in the parish of Christleton, union of Great Boughton, Lower divi- sion of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, 4j miles (E. by S.) from Chester 3 containing 77 inhabitants. This place derives its name from Edmund de Cotton, to whom it formerly belonged 3 it comprises by measurement 560 acres. COTTON-END, a hamlet, in the township of East- COTTS, parish of Cardington, hundred of Wixamtree, union and county of Bedford 3 containing 508 inhabit- ants. COTTON-FAR, a hamlet, in the parish and union of Hardingstone, hundred of Wymersley, S. division of the county of Northampton, ^ a mile (S.) from Northampton 3 containing 279 inhabitants. An hos- pital dedicated to St. Leonard, for a master and leprous brethren and sisters, is stated to have been founded here by William the Conqueror, and was under the superin- tendence of the mayor and burgesses of Northampton : its revenue, in the 26th of Henry VIII., was estimated at £12. 6. 8. COUGHTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Walford, union of Ross, hundred of Greytree, county of Here- ford, 2f miles (S. by E.) from Ross. Here was formerly a chapel, now in ruins. COUGHTON (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Alcester, Alcester division of the hundred of Bar- LiCHWAY, S. division of the county of Warwick, 2 miles (N. by W.) from Alcester 3 containing, with the hamlet of Sambourn, 955 inhabitants. It lies in the western part of the county, on the border of Worcester- shire, which bounds it on the west, and comprises 4079 acres 3 the river Arrow flows from north to south, and 682 roads from Birmingham and Bromsgrove to Alcester unite within its limits. The living is a discharged vicar- age, valued in the king’s books at £9. 10. 7^. j net income, £161 3 patron and impropriator, Sir W. Throck- morton, Bart. : the tithes were commuted for land in 1773. The church has been repaired, and 158 additional sittings have been provided. There is a place of worship for Roman Catholics. COULDSMOUTH, with Thompson’s - Walls, a township, in the parish of Kirk-Newton, union of Glendale, W. division of Glendale ward, N. divi- sion of Northumberland, 7| miles (W. by N.) from Wooler 3 containing 38 inhabitants. The township is a mountainous district, extending to the boundary of Scotland, half a mile east of Yetholm. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £56. I7. 6., and the vicarial for £17- 17. COULSDON (St. John the Evangelist), a parish, in the union of Croydon, First division of the hundred of Wallington, E. division of Surrey, 5 miles (S. by W.) from Croydon 3 containing 1041 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the road from London to Brighton, occupies an elevated position, and commands extensive and varied prospects ; it contains about 3400 acres, exclusively of 550 of down land, and the Brighton railway passes a little to the west. The living is a rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £21. 16. 5^., and in the gift of the Archbishop of Canterbury : the tithes have been commuted for £858, and the glebe comprises 80|- acres. The church, consisting of a nave, chancel, and side aisles, with a tower and spire, has been thoroughly repaired and stuccoed, and is a very pleas- ing object. A school is chiefly supported by the rector. The Roman road out of Sussex passed through the parish : on Farthing Downs are dykes which seem to have been thrown up as a barricade, and on the high part of the downs are several small barrows. COULSTON, EAST (St. Thomas a Becket), a pa- rish, in the union of Westbury and Whorw^elsdown, hundred of Whorwelsdown, Whorwelsdown and N. divisions of Wilts, 8 miles (S. W.) from Devizes 3 con- taining 105 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 864 acres, of which 276 are arable, 362 pasture, I68 down, and 9 woodland. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 14. 2., and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for £175. 5., and the glebe consists of 31 acres, to which there is a glebe- house. COULSTON, WEST, a tything, in the parish of Edington, union of Westbury and Whorwelsdown, hundred of Whorwelsdown, Whorwelsdown and N. divisions of Wilts 3 containing 144 inhabitants. COULTON (Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Ulverstone, hundred of Lonsdale, north of the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster 3 con- taining, with the chapelries of Haverthwaite and Rus- land, and the parochial chapelry of Finsthwaite, 1983 inhabitants. East Coulton is 5| miles (N. N. E.), and West Coulton 5 (N. by E.) from Ulverstone. This parish is bounded on the east and south by the lake Windermere, and the river Leven, which issues from it, and on the west by the lake Coniston and the river Crake, which, with the Leven, falls into Morecambe bay : the road from Ulverstone to Kendal runs through the southern part of the parish, within the limits of C O U N C O U 11 which, at Backbarrow, extensive cotton-works are carried on 5 there are also iron-works, and works for the pre- paration of acid, and gunpowder. The living is a per- petual curacy j net income, £84 ; patrons and appro- priators, the Landowners, who pay their quotas for the minister’s stipend. There is a meeting- house for the Society of Friends j and a parochial school is endowed with 50 acres of land given by Adam Sandys, Esq._, besides a small bequest from Bartholomew Pennington. COULTON, or Colton, a township, in the parish of Hovingham, union of Malton, wapentake of Rye- dale, N. riding of York j containing 158 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 990 acres of land : the village is situated to the south of Hovingham wood. Here was anciently a chapel, but no traces of it now remain. COUND {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Atcham, hundred of Condover, S. division of Salop, 6^ miles (S. E. by S.) from Shrewsbury j containing, with the chapelry of Cressage, 808 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the road from Shrewsbury to Wor- cester, and bounded on the north-east by the navigable river Severn j it abounds with richly diversified and wildly romantic scenery, and comprises by computation 5071 acres, of which 1543 belong to Cressage ; the sur- face is slightly undulated. There are two quarries, from which is obtained a species of white freestone, recently used in rebuilding the chapel at Cressage. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £33, and in the patronage of Mrs. Frances Thursby : the tithes have been commuted for £619, and the glebe consists of 93 acres, with a glebe-house. The church is in the later English style, and contains monuments to the memory of the Cresset, Fowler, Dod, Wilde, and Lang- ley families 3 the pulpit is a handsome specimen of ancient carved oak. Dr. Edward Cresset, Bishop of LlandafF, who had been rector of this parish, and pos- sessed the principal property in it, lies buried here. COUNDON, a township, in the parish of St. An- drew-Auckland, union of Auckland, N. W. division of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Dur- ham, 2 miles (E. by S.) from Bishop-Auckland 5 con- taining 475 inhabitants, when the census was taken in 1831, but now increased to 990, in consequence of the extended w^orking of its coal-mines. A new church and parsonage-house have been erected, and the living en- dowed by the Bishop of Durham, and a district as- signed, comprising the townships of Coundon, Windle- ston, and Westerton. There is also a school in union with the National Society. COUNDON, a hamlet, in the parish of the Holy Trinity, Coventry, union of Meriden, Kirby division of the hundred of Knightlow, N. division of the county of Warwick; containing 181 inhabitants, and comprising 1000 acres. An act for inclosing waste lands was passed in 1841. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £245. COUNDON- GRANGE, a township, in the parish of St. Andrew-Auckland, union of Auckland, S. E. division of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Durham, 1 ^ mile (E. S. E.) from Bishop-Auckland; containing 313 inhabitants. This place is situated on an eminence, and commands an extensive view of Wear- dale : the river Gaunless passes to the west of the ham- let. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £93. 12. 9. 683 COUNTESS-THORP, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Blaby, hundred of Guthlaxton, S. division of the county of Leicester, 6 miles (S.) from Leices- ter; containing 815 inhabitants. It comprises 1200 acres of land, the soil of which is chiefly a strong clay : the manufacture of stockings is carried on. The chapel, dedicated to St. Andrew, was rebuilt in 1841, when 212 sittings were added. COUNTHORPE, a hamlet, in the parish of Bytham- Castle, union of Bourne, wapentake of Beltisloe, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 3j miles (S.) from Corby ; containing 85 inhabitants. COUNTISBURY {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Barnstaple, hundred of Sherwell, Braunton and N. divisions of Devon, 15^ miles (E. by N.) from Ilfracombe; containing 185 inhabitants, and comprising 2940 acres. This parish, which is situated on the shore of the Bristol Channel, and near the junc- tion of the counties of Devon and Somerset, is bounded for some miles on the south and west by the small, but rapid, river Lyn. The spring tides here rise to the height of 30 feet. The surrounding scenery is of bold and rugged character, softened occasionally by wood- land and pastures. Stone of good quality is abundant, and is quarried for the use of the immediate neighbour- hood. The living is a perpetual curacy, annexed to that of Linton : the tithes have been commuted for £105, and the glebe comprises 14 acres. COUPE and LENCHES, with New-Hallhey and Hall-Carr, a township, in the parish of Bury, union of Haslingden, Higher division of the hundred of Black- burn, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 4j miles (S. S. E.) from Haslingden; containing 1716 inhabit- ants. The tithes have been commuted for two rent- charges of £2. 12. 6., payable respectively to the rectors of Bury and Prestwick cum Oldham. COUPLAND, a township, in the parish of Kirk- Newton, union of Glendale, W. division of Glen- dale ward, county of Northumberland, 4| miles (N. W.) from Wooler; containing 109 inhabitants. This place anciently gave name to its possessors, from whom it passed to the Muschampes, and subsequently to the Wallaces. In 1619, George Wallace built the Castle here, and his descendant, Ralph Wallace, disposed of the estate to Admiral Sir Chaloner Ogle ; and Nathaniel Ogle, Esq., in I8O6, sold it to Matthew Culley, Esq., the present proprietor. The township is bounded on the east by the river Till, and on the south-west by the Glen, and comprises about 800 acres, mostly arable land, with 70 acres of plantation ; the surface is level, and the soil of a light gravelly quality. Coupland Castle, enlarged, in 1820, from a peel-house, of which the walls have been preserved, is the seat of Mr. Culley, whose father was one of the most eminent and suc- cessful farmers in the kingdom. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £106. 10., and the vicarial for £40. 10. COURAGE, a tything, in the parish of Chieveley, union of Newbury, hundred of Faircross, county of Berks, 4^ miles (N. N. E.) from Newbury; containing 277 inhabitants. The vicarial tithes have been com- muted for £342. COURT, a tything, in the parish of Portbury, union of Bedminster, hundred of Portbury, E. division of Somerset ; containing 59 inhabitants. 4 S 2 COVE COVE COURTEENHALL (St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in the union of Hardingstone, hundred of Wymersley, S. division of the county of North- ampton, 5^ miles (S.) from Northampton j containing 143 inhabitants. This place is situated between the two roads from Northampton to London, one by Newport- Pagnell and the other by Stony- Stratford, and is within a mile of the Roade station of the London and Bir- mingham railway : the Grand Junction canal passes within two miles. The number of acres is 1314. There is a quarry of limestone, used for building and draining. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 10. 10., and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for £300, and the glebe comprises 60 acres, to which is attached a glebe-house. The church, supposed to have been built about the year 1587, is a neat structure, having some fine arches in the later English style j on the north side is a handsome monument, representing in full length Sir Samuel Jones, the former possessor of the estate, who provided the church with a set of bells. A free grammar school for boys was founded, in 1680, by Sir Samuel, who be- queathed £500 for the erection of a school-house, and a rent-charge of £80 for the master, and another of £20 for the usher. The same benefactor likewise bequeathed £500 for repairing the church. COURTWAY, a hamlet, in the parish of Spaxton, union of Bridgwater, hundred of Cannington, W. division of Somerset 5 containing 31 inhabitants. COVE, a tything, in the parish of Yateley, hun- dred of Crondall, Odiham and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 9 miles (E. N. E.) from Odi- ham 5 containing 433 inhabitants. It is within three- quarters of a mile of the Farnborough station of the London and Southampton railway. COVE, CHAPEL, a chapelry, in Pitt Quarter of the parish of Tiverton, union and hundred of Tiver- ton, Cullompton and N. divisions of Devon, 5 miles (N.) from Tiverton. The chapel is dedicated to St. John the Baptist. COVE, NORTH (St. Botolph), a parish, in the union and hundred of Wangford, E. division of the county of Suffolk, 3 miles (E. by S.) from Beccles 3 containing 219 inhabitants. This place is situated on the road from Beccles to Lowestoft, and comprises by computation 2000 acres : the navigable river Waveney separates it, on the north, from the county of Norfolk. The living is a discharged rectory, with that of Willing- ham annexed, valued in the king’s books at £10, and in the patronage of the Crown 3 net income, £353 : there are about 5 roods of glebe. The church is in the later English style, and has an embattled tower, and a rich Norman doorway at the southern entrance 3 the font is curiously sculptured. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans 3 also a national school. COVE, SOUTH (St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union and hundred of Blything, E. division of Suf- folk, 3 miles (N.) from Southwold 3 containing 194 inhabitants, and comprising 1172 acres. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 2. 11 ., and in the gift of Sir Thomas S. Gooch, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for £267. 10. 3 there is a glebe-house, and the glebe comprises 13 acres. The church, an ancient edifice, has some remains of Norman architecture. 684 COVEHITHE.- — See North Hales. COVEN, a liberty, in the parish of Brewood, union of Penkridge, E. division of the hundred of Cuttle- stone, S. division of the county of Stafford, 2 miles (E. S. E.) from Brewood 3 containing 650 inhabitants. The StatFordshire and ^Worcestershire canal, and the Grand Junction railway, pass through the liberty. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans 3 also a national school. COVENEY (St. Peter), a parish, in the hundred of South Witchford, union and Isle of Ely, county of Cambridge, 6 miles (W. N. W.) from Ely 3 contain- ing, with the chapelry of Manea and the hamlet of Wardy-Hill, 1505 inhabitants. It stands on an emi- nence overlooking the fens. The manor anciently be- longed to the monks of Ely, and having been for some time wrongfully withheld from them, was recovered by Bishop Nigell before the year II69 : among subsequent owners, occur the families of Lisle, Scrope, and Robin- son. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5, and in the gift of Lord Rokeby, with a net income of £809 : the tithes have been commuted for £227. 14. 3 and there is a glebe of 30 acres. The church is an an- cient edifice, with a thatched roof. There is a national school supported by subscription 3 and about £50 per annum, the amount of various bequests, are distributed among the poor on St. Thomas’s-day. Great numbers of oak, and a few other trees, have been discovered buried at various depths below the surface, and some almost petrified are found in various places. COVENHAM (St. Bartholomew), commonly called Cawthorpe, a parish, in the union of Louth, wapen- take of Ludborough, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 6 miles (N. N. E.) from Louth 3 containing 277 inhabitants. It comprises 1434a. Ir. 9,8p., and is watered at its eastern extremity by the river Ludd, from which a canal runs to Tetney Haven, at the mouth of the Humber. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £17. 12. 8. 3 net income, £287 j patrons. Heirs of Sapsford Harold, Esq., for one turn, and of the Rev. C. D. Holland, for two turns. The tithes of this parish, and those of Covenham-St. Mary, were commuted for corn-rents, under an inclosure act, in 17933 the glebe consists of about 62 acres in this parish, and 2^ in that of Grainthorpe. The church contains a curious octagonal font, much admired by antiquaries 3 and an effigy in metal stands in the chancel, of John Skypwyth, knight, who was interred here in July, 1415. There are places of worship for Primitive Methodists and Wesleyans. COVENHAM (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Louth, wapentake of Ludborough, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 5 ^ miles (N. N. E.) from Louth 3 containing 169 inhabitants, and comprising 973a. Ir. 26p. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10, and in the patronage of the Crown 3 net income, £197. The church is an ancient edifice, with a tower. In 1842, two schoolrooms, with a house for the master, were built by subscription on a plot of ground, the gift of the Rev. H. B. Benson, for the education, on the national system, of the children of the parishes of Yarborough, Utterby, Fotherby, Little Grimsby, and Covenham St. Mary and St. Bartholomew. Here was formerly a cell belonging to the monastery of St, Cari- lephus, in the diocese of Mains. COVE COVE COVENTRY, an ancient city, in the N. division of the county of Warwick, 10 miles (N. E.) from Warwick, 18 (S E.) from Birmingham, and 91 (N. N. W.) from Lon- don, on the road to Holy- head 5 containing, with the hamlets of Radford, Whit- ley, and Keresley, 31,430 inhabitants. In ancient re- cords this place is called Coventre also Conventrey^ probably from the foundation of a convent, of which St. Osberg was abbess in the year 1016, when it was burnt by Canute, King of Denmark, and Edric the traitor, who, having invaded Mercia, destroyed many towns in Warwickshire. On the site of this convent, Leofric, Earl of Mercia, and his countess Godiva, about the be- ginning of the reign of Edward the Confessor, erected a monastery, which they munificently endowed, and de- corated with such a profusion of costly ornaments, that, according to William of Malmsbury, the walls were covered with gold and silver. About this time, Leofric, at the intercession of his countess, granted the citizens a charter conferring various privileges and immunities, which is commemorated in the south window of Trinity church, by portraits of the earl and countess, with a poetical legend. Leofric died in 1 057, and was interred in the monastery which he had founded. Shortly after the Norman Conquest, the lordship of Coventry became vested in the earls of Chester, of whom Ralph, the third earl of that name, married Lucia, grand-daughter of Leofric. Their son Ralph, having espoused the cause of the Empress Matilda, his castle of Coventry was occupied by the forces of Stephen : the earl besieged it, but the king came in person to its relief, and repulsed him after an obstinate conflict. In 1141, Robert Marmion, the inveterate enemy of the Earl of Chester, took possession of this monastery, from which he expelled the monks, fortified the church, and cut deep trenches in the adjoining fields, concealing them only with a slight cover- ing : on the earl’s approach to dislodge him, Marmion drew out his forces, but forgetting the exact situation of the trenches, his horse fell with him to the ground, and in this situation his head was severed from his body by a private soldier. In the reign of Henry III. the twelve noblemen and prelates elected to decide upon the terms by which such as had forfeited their estates during the baronial war might be again admitted to enjoy them, met here j and their decree is called the Dictum de Kenih worth, ^Yom its having been published in the king’s camp at Kenilworth, during bis siege of the castle, in 1^66. In 1355 was commenced the erection of the city walls, which were of great height and thickness, and subsequently extended to three miles in circuit 5 they were strength- ened with thirty-two towers, and contained twelve principal gates, each defended by a portcullis. In 1397> Richard II. appointed this town for the decision, by single combat, of the quarrel between the Dukes of Hereford and Norfolk ; and magnificent preparations were made on Gosford Green for this encounter, which, however, was prevented by the banishment of the com- batants, a measure which ultimately caused the deposi- tion of the king. In 1404, the Duke of Hereford, who 685 had become Duke of Lancaster, by the death of his father, John of Gaunt, on his return from exile, having succeeded to the crown by the title of Henry IV., held a parliament here in the great chamber of the priory j which, from the exclusion of all lawyers, was called Parliamentum Indoctorum. In 1411, the Prince of Wales, afterwards Henry V., was arrested at the priory by John Horneby, mayor of the city, probably for some tumultuous excess, the particulars of which are not re- corded. In 1459, Henry VI. held a parliament in the chapter-house of the priory, which, from the number of attainders passed against the Duke of York and others, was, by the Yorkists, called Parliamentum Diaholicum ; the acts made in it were annulled by the succeeding parliament. In 1467, Edward IV. and his queen kept the festival of Christmas at Coventry } and two years after, Earl Rivers and his son, who had both been seized by a party of the northern rebels at Grafton, were beheaded on Gosford Green, to the east of the city. In the war between the houses of York and Lan- caster, Richard, Earl of Warwick, marched with all his ordnance and warlike stores into this city, where he remained for a short time, during which Edward IV., on his route from Leicester, attempted to force an entrance ; but, being repulsed, he passed on to Warwick, and thence to London; and having gained the battle of Barnet, in which the Earl of Warwick was slain, and that near Tewkesbury shortly after, he returned to Coventry, and deprived the citizens of their charter, for the re- storation of which they were compelled to pay a fine of 500 marks. In 1474, Edward IV. and his queen kept the festival of St. George here; and subsequently, in 1485, Henry VII., on his route from Bosworth Field, was re- ceived here with every demonstration of congratulation and respect. In the early part of the sixteenth century, Coventry became the theatre of religious persecution : the Bishop of Chester, coming to examine persons accused of heresy, condemned seven to the stake, which sentence was exe- cuted in the little park. In 1554, Mr. Hopkins, sheriff for the city, was confined in the Fleet prison, on a charge of heresy, but was ' liberated after great intercession, and fled the kingdom ; and iix the following year Mr. Laurence Saunders, Robert GTo^ver, A.M., and Cornelius Bongey, were burnt for their religious tenets. In 1565, Queen Elizabeth visited the city and in 1569, Mary, Queen of Scots, on her removal from Tutbury Castle for greater security, was for some time at the Bull Inn, in the custody of the Earls of Shrewsbury and Huntingdon^ In 1607, the city suffered considerable damage from an inundation, which entered 257 houses, washing away furniture and property of various kinds : the flood rose to the height of three yards, and, after remaining for three or four hours, suddenly subsided ; clusters of white snails were afterwards found in the houses and in the trees, supposed to have collected prior to the influx of the water, which, though observed at the distance of nearly a mile from the town, was so instantaneous in its approach, as to preclude all means of precaution. King James, attended by a large retinue of the nobility, visited the city in I6I7, on which occasion a cup of pure gold, weighing 45 ounces, and containing £100, was presented to him by the corporation, which his majesty ordered to be preserved with the royal plate for the heirs of the crown. During the parliamentary war, Charles I., COVE COVE having erected his standard at Nottingham in 1641, and taken the city of Leicester, sent orders to the mayor and sheriffs of Coventry to attend him at that place j but the majority of the citizens embraced the cause of the parliament, and a party having obtained possession of the magazine in Spon Tower, which the Earl of North- ampton had directed the aldermen to secure for the royalists, kept it for Lord Brooke, who removed it to Warwick Castle. The parliamentarian party in the city, being reinforced with 400 men from Birmingham, held it against the king, who sent a herald to demand entrance, which being refused, some cannon were planted in the great park and on Stivichall Hill, which played upon the town, but without effect. Finding the citizens resolved to defend their gates, and learning that Lord Brooke was approaching with his army from London, the king drew off his forces, and the city was now regularly garrisoned by the parliament, and further preparations made for its defence : the women were employed to fill up the quarries in the park, that they might not afford any shelter to the royal troops j and for this purpose they assembled in companies, by beat of drum, and marched in military array, with mattocks and spades, headed by an amazon who carried an Herculean club on her shoulder. On the restoration of Charles IL, that monarch was proclaimed by the mayor and aldermen, attended by a vast concourse of the inhabitants, with the most triumphant acclamation : the greatest rejoicings took place, and the public conduits of the city were made to flow with wine : a deputation was sent to present to him a basin and ewer, and. 50 pieces of gold, and to restore all the king’s lands. In the year 166^, the Earl of Northampton, with a large retinue of the neigh- bouring gentry, and a detachment of the county troops, was sent with a commission from the king to make a breach in the walls, as a punishment to the inhabitants for shutting their gates against his father 3 but the earl so far exceeded the limits of his commission as to leave only a few fragments of them remaining : of the gates, which were only dismantled, there are some yet standing, of which the Bastille, Swanswell, and Cook>street gates are the most entire. The CITY is pleasantly situated on a gentle eminence, bounded on the north-east by the river Sherbourne and the Radford brook, which, running from north to south, unite within the town. Till of late, the houses w^ere generally in the style of the fifteenth century, built of timber frame-work and brick, with the upper stories projecting, and presenting a dark and sombre appear- ance, and the streets were narrow and but partially paved 3 but the town has undergone great improvement, the more ancient parts having been taken down and rebuilt in a modern style. The suburbs have, within the last few years, been greatly extended 3 several new streets have been formed, and ranges of handsome houses erected 3 and the whole is well paved, and lighted with gas : the inhabitants are amply supplied with water from conduits made by the corporation, and by water-works. The environs are pleasant, abounding with interesting scenery, and with some agreeable pro- menades. The public library, established in 1791, has a proprietary of about 200 members, and is well regu- lated by a committee : the theatre, a neat and conve- niently arranged building, is opened occasionally ; and assemblies and concerts take place periodically at St. 686 Mary’s and Drapers’ halls. The barracks, erected in 1792, on the site of the old Bull inn, (where Henry VII. slept on his route from the victory of Bosworth Field,) are a handsome range of building, fronted with stone, and ornamented with the royal arms over the principal gateway 3 the establishment is for a field officer and fifteen subalterns, and comprises a riding house, an hospital, and stabling for 188 horses. The making of caps was the principal trade of the town prior to the year 1436, when the manufacture of woollen and broad cloth was introduced, and continued to flourish till the end of the sixteenth century : at this time Coventry was celebrated for a superior blue dye, which from the permanence of its colour, obtained the appellation of Coventry true blue.” About the beginning of the eighteenth century, striped and mixed tammies, camlets, shalloons, and calimancoes, were manufactured to a considerable extent, to which succeeded the throwing of silk, the weaving of gauze, broad silks, and ribbon, and the manufacture of watches. The weaving of ribbon at present forms the staple trade : a vast supply is furnished weekly to the wholesale houses in London, and to every part of the united kingdom, by means of commercial agents, and large quantities are exported. In 1808 there were 2819 silk and ribbon looms in the city alone, exclusively of those in the adjacent villages 5 but since that time the number has considerably in- creased, affording employment to nearly 16,000 persons in the city and suburbs 3 and from the introduction of the French looms and machinery, an infinite variety in the pattern, and an elegance in the texture, have been attained, which give a distinguished superiority to the ribbon manufactured here. The manufacture of watches, for which Coventry was so long celebrated, has of late undergone great improvement 3 and many gold watches of superior construction are supplied to the first houses in that branch of trade. The situation of the town is peculiarly advantageous for trade, being central to the ports of London, Liverpool, Bristol, and Hull, and having by means of the Oxford and Coventry canals, which form a junction at a short distance to the north, a direct communication with the manufacturing districts of Lancashire and Yorkshire. On the south side of the town is a first-class station of the London and Birming- ham railway. The market, which is on Friday, is held in various parts of the town 3 for corn, in the Cross- cheaping, now a spacious area enlarged by the removal of a middle range of old houses, by which it was divided, and in which was the ancient cross, one of the most beautiful in the kingdom, built by Sir William Holies, Knt., in 1544, and taken down in 1771 ? for cattle, in Bishop-street 3 for pigs, in Cook-street 3 and for butter, eggs, and poultry, in an area behind the mayor’s parlour, or police-office, where a market-house has been erected. Fairs for three days each commence April 2 1st, Aug. 16th, and Oct. 21st, for cattle and merchandise ; to these fairs are attached courts of pie- powder, and the corporation is entitled to the same tolls as are taken at Smithfield market, in London. The great show-fair takes place on the Friday after Corpus Christi-day, and continues for eight days, on the first of which the commemoration of Lady Godiva’s procession is occasionally revived, by a representative obtained for that purpose. This ceremony has its origin in a tradition that the citizens having been greatly op- COVE COVE Corporation Seal, pressed by the severe exactions imposed upon them by Leofric, his countess undertook to intercede for their relief, but was apparently frustrated in her suit by a promise of exemption only upon the condition of her riding naked through the city on horseback : it is further recorded in the traditionary legends of the city, that, having obtained her husband’s permission, and trusting for concealment to the length of her hair, and to the discretion of the inhabitants, who were ordered, upon pain of death, to shut themselves up in their houses, she performed the task, and obtained for the city a charter of freedom from servitude, evil customs, and exactions.” The tradition also records that a tailor, who disobeyed the injunction, was instantly struck blind ; and a figure, called Peeping Tom, carved in wood, and placed in an opening at the corner of a house in High-street, is still preserved in memory of this event, which has become closely interwoven with the history of the place, though not invented till the time of Charles II. Ranulph, Earl of Chester, in the reign of Henry II., granted a charter to the inhabitants, confirming their possessions in free burgage as they held them in the time of his father and an- cestors, with liberty to elect a bailiff, and to have a portmote, or town court of record, in which the bailiff should preside for the trial of all pleas amongst them- selves 3 bestowing on them, also, all such freedoms as the burgesses of Lincoln enjoyed. This charter was con- firmed by the reigning sovereign, but in a subsequent charter, granted by Edward HI., Coventry, with a con- siderable district around it, was termed a city, and liberty was given to elect a mayor and two bailiffs, who presided in the portmote, which was from that time called the court of the mayor and bailiffs, and continued to exer- cise the same jurisdiction down to the year 1842, when an act was passed re-annexing the city to Warwickshire. Henry VI. made the bailiffs sheriffs also, and converted the city into a county, separating it from the county of Warwick, and conferring many other privileges. Under the last charter, that of James I., the corporation con- sisted of a mayor, 10 aldermen, a council of 31, a recorder, two sheriffs and bailiffs, a coroner, stew^ard (always a barrister), two chamberlains, two wardens, a town-clerk, sword-bearer, mace-bearer, and subordinate officers. By the act of the 5th and 6th of William IV., cap. T6, the government is now vested in a mayor, 10 aldermen, and 30 councillors, and the council appoint a sheriff. The city is divided into 5 wards, instead of 10 as formerly, and comprises 13 fraternities, or trading companies, the numbers of which, with the exception of the Drapers’ company, who still retain their hall, have been greatly reduced. There are 19 justices of the peace, and a police force, consisting of a superintendent, inspector, sergeant, and 16 constables. The freedom is obtained by a servitude of seven years to any branch of trade within the city and liberties. Among the privi- leges enjoyed by the freemen is that of depasturing cattle upon the Lammas Grounds,” a tract of about 687 1000 acres, appropriated to that use from Lammas to Candlemas by especial grant. The city first exercised the elective franchise in the 26th of Edward L, but there were partial intermissions until the 31st of Henry VI., since which time it has regularly returned two members to parliament. The right of election was formerly vested in the freemen, in number about 3000 3 but, by the act of the 2nd of William IV., cap. 45, the non- resident freemen, except wdthin seven miles, were dis- franchised, and the privilege was extended to £10 house- holders within the city : the mayor is returning officer. The boundaries of the city were defined by the act above mentioned, passed in the year 1842, for re-annex- ing Coventry to the county of Warwick, and abolishing* the distinction of '^county of the city,” conferred by Henry VI. The corporation formerly held quarterly courts of session, at which the recorder presided, and they had power to try capital offenders 3 but the courts of quarter-sessions are now held here by the magistrates of the county, and the assizes by the judges of the Mid- land circuit, for the Coventry division,” which com- prises the greater part of North Warwickshire. The city magistrates attend at the police-office every day except Tuesday. The County Hall is a neat modern building faced with stone, and ornamented with pillars of the Tuscan order, rising from a rustic basement, and supporting a handsome cornice in the centre of the front. Adjoining is the gaoler’s house, a neat brick edifice 3 and behind it are the prison and bridewell, which were rebuilt a few years since, at an expense of £16,000. St. Mary’s Hall, ap- propriated to the larger meetings and civic entertain- ments of the corporation, is a beautiful and magnificent structure, in the later English style, originally built by the master and wardens of the Trinity Guild, in the four- teenth century, and subsequently enlarged and beauti- fied for the use of the corporation. The exterior, with its richly decorated windows, and elaborately groined archway, has an imposing grandeur of effect 5 the interior, which is replete with the richest ornaments of the decorated style, comprises a splendid banquet- hall, adorned with w^ell-painted portraits of several of the sovereigns who have been entertained within its w^alls 3 the windows, of which the tracery is gracefully elegant, are ornamented with painted glass : at the upper end is a fine piece of tapestry, elegantly worked in compartments 5 and on the north side is a small recess, with a beautiful oriel window, of which the ori- ginal carved roof is still entire ; the council -chamber is fitted up in the ancient style, and retains, among its ornaments, many relics of feudal grandeur. The Drapers’ Hall, nearly adjoining, is an elegant structure, containing a fine suite of rooms, designed and executed under the superintendence of Messrs. Rickman and Hutchinson, of Birmingham, and opened in 1832. Coventry, until recently, formed a diocese jointly with Lichfield, of which the seat was fixed in this city from 1102 till 1188, when it was removed to Lichfield : the diocese comprehended the whole counties of Derby and Stafford (excepting the parishes of Broom and Clent in the latter), the greater part of Warwickshire, and nearly half of the county of Salop, and comprised 557 parishes. By the act of the 6th and 7th of William IV., cap. 77) it was separated from Lichfield, and, with the rest of the county of Warwick, united to the dio- cese of Worcester. Of the Cathedral, once a sumptuous COVE and magnificent structure, formerly the Benedictine monastery founded by Leofric, of which, at the Disso- lution, the revenue was £731. 19. 5., only the slightest vestiges are discernible, in the base of one of the towers, upon which a dwelling-house has been erected, and some indistinct remains of what are supposed to have been the conventual buildings. The city comprises the PARISHES of St. Michael, the Holy Trinity, and St. John the Baptist, the last having been constituted a parish by act of parliament in 1734. The parish of St. Michael contains about 2700 acres. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £26. 15. 5., and in the patronage of the Crown, with a net income of £472 : the impropriation belongs to the Corporation. The church is a splendid structure, principally in the later English style, with a lofty tower of fpur stages, pannelled and ornamented with niches in which were sculptured figures, and surmounted by a lofty and finely-proportioned octagonal spire, the whole height being, from the base of the tower, 300 feet, exactly equal to the length of the church : this beautiful and richly-decorated steeple was begun in 1373, and finished in 1395. The interior of the church is finely arranged, and derives great beauty from the loftiness of its eleva- tion, and the delicacy of the piers which support the roof 3 the clerestory windows of the nave form a noble range of large dimensions, and are ornamented with some fragments of ancient stained glassy the chancel, which is of earlier date, was formerly a chapel, erected in 1133, to which the nave and aisles were subsequently added j it deviates from a straight line, and forms an angle with the line of the nave, which sensibly offends the eye. Several chantries were anciently founded in this and the other churches by different persons, and endowed for the maintenance of one or more priests. An additional church, called Christ Church, in the decorated English style, with a tower and spire, was erected in 1832, at an expense of £9702, defrayed partly by sub- scription, and partly by a grant from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The parish of the Holy Trinity com- prises 17710^- 2r. 16/). of land. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10, with a net income of £396 3 it is in the patronage of the Crown, and the im- propriation belongs to the Corporation. The church, which is of earlier date than the more recent part of St. Michael’s, is a venerable cruciform structure, in the later English style, with a well-proportioned tower rising from the intersection, and surmounted by a hand- some octagonal spire : the proportions of the interior are more massive than those of St. Michael’s 3 and though less elaborate in its details, this church pre- serves throughout a consistent unity of design : the oak roof is pannelled and decorated with gilded mouldings 3 the pulpit, which is of stone, has been recently restored, and is a beautiful specimen of enriched sculpture, in the later style. The first stone of another church dedi- cated to St. Peter, and to which a district has been assigned, was laid on the 7th Sept. 1840 5 the design is in the later English style, and the building contains 1354 sittings, 695 of which are free : net income of the incumbent, £150. The living of St. Johns is a rectory not in charge, in the patronage of the Corporation, and is always annexed to the head-mastership of the free school, and includes also a lectureship for the second master 3 net income, £83. The church, for- 688 COVE merly a chapel, erected in honour of our Saviour, uporg ground given by Isabel, queen-mother of Edward III.,, is an interesting structure, quadrangular in the lower part and cruciform in the upper 3 from the centre rises; a square embattled tower, with circular turrets at the angles, and supported on four finely-clustered piers and arches of singular beauty 3 the interior is characterised by a simple grandeur of style. To the south of the city was the monastery of the Grey friars, the brethren of which were famous for their skill in the representation of religious dramas : it was originally founded in 1234, and the church was built in 1358, for which Edward the Black Prince granted the friars permission to take stone from the quarries in his park at Cheylesmere. The monastery was destroyed at the Dissolution 3 and all that remained of the church was the very beautiful steeple, consisting of an octagonal tower, with a pierced parapet, from which rises a lofty and finely proportioned octagonal spire. To this a body has been recently an- nexed by subscription among the inhabitants, aided by a grant from the Parliamentary Commissioners ; and the design being in harmony with the character of the steeple, the whole forms an interesting architectural fea- ture in the town. The church was consecrated in 1832, and dedicated to our Blessed Saviour. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £179 5 patron. Vicar of St. Michael’s. There are places of worship for Baptists, the Society of Friends, Independents, Wesleyans, Unita- rians, and Roman Catholics. The Free Grammar school was founded in the reign of Henry VHI. by John Hales, Esq., who, at his death in the 15th of Elizabeth, endowed it with lands at that time of the value of 200 marks, but which now produce an annual income of £900 3 it is under the management of the trustees of the church charities, by whom the masters are appointed. There are three exhibitions of £10 each, and two of £3 each, per annum, to either of the Universities 3 two fellowships in St. John’s College, Oxford 3 and one fellowship in Catherine Hall, Cam- bridge, belonging to this establishment. The school- room is the remaining part of a church that anciently belonged to the hospital of St. John, founded in the reign of Henry II., the revenue of which, at the Dissolu- tion, was £83. 3. 8. : , it is a spacious room, lighted with window^s in the decorated style, with rich tracery, and fitted up with the ancient carved seats removed from the choir of the church belonging to the monastery of the White friars : the western end, taken down to widen the street, has been rebuilt in an appropriate style, and ornamented with two turrets. SirMTlliam Dugdale, the celebrated antiquary, and Archbishop Seeker, received the rudiments of their education at this school. The Bablake Blue-coat school, now in union with the National Society, occupies one side of the quadrangle of the Bab- lake hospital, and was founded, in 1566, by Mr. Thomas Wheatley, ironmonger, and mayor of the city, in conse- quence of an accidental acquisition of wealth, by the delivery of barrels of cochineal and ingots of silver in mistake for steel gads, which he sent his agent to pur- chase in Spain 3 the original endowment, increased by subsequent benefactions, produces £938 per annum. A school, conducted on the national plan, is endowed for 50 girls 3 the national central school, supported by sub- scription, is a large handsome building of brick, in the antique style 3 another school, situated in Cow-lane, has COVE COVE an endowment in land, given by Mr. W. Baker, and augmented by subsequent benefactions 5 and there are also a Lancasterian school, and several others. Bond's hospital was founded in 1506, by Mr. Thomas Bond, draper, who endowed it with lands for the maintenance of ten poor men and one woman : the number of pen- sioners, in consequence of the improvement of the in- come, has been increased to forty-six, fifteen of whom are resident. The building, occupying one side of the Bablake quadrangle, is an ancient edifice of timber frame-work, in the Elizabethan style ; it has lately un- dergone great improvement, under the superintendence of Mr. Rickman, and the entire building is now restored to its original character. The Grey friars' hospital, so called from its proximity to the monastery of that order, was founded, in 15^9, by Mr. William Ford, who en- dowed it for five aged men and one woman 5 but, from the increased amount of the income, there are at present 34 poor persons in the establishment. The buildings, which form a long and narrow quadrangular area, almost darkened by the projection of the upper stories, are in the style of domestic architecture prevailing in the reign of Elizabeth ; the timber frame- work, richly carved, and decorated with cornices and canopies over the central windows and doorways, is as perfect as when first erected, and these beautiful almshouses are deservedly admired as the most entire and elegant speci- men of the kind in the kingdom. The house of industry occupies the site, and includes the remains, of an ancient monastery of Carmelites^ founded, in 1342, by Sir John Pulteney, lord mayor of London, the clear revenue of which, at the Dissolution,^ was £7. 13. 8. : part of the arched cloisters, beautifully groined, also the refectory and dormitory, are still remaining, with the beautiful entrance gateway, richly groined and ornamented with three canopied niches in front ; to these remains has been added a large and handsome brick building, well adapted to the purpose. The management of this esta- blishment, which is also a comfortable asylum for the aged poor, is vested in a body of guardians, under a local act, which extends over the parishes of St. John the Baptist and St. Michael, and part of that of the Holy Trinity, the whole union containing a population of 27^070. The trustees of the church and general charities have at their disposal funds to the amount of £3000 per annum, for distribution among the poor : the principal charity, that of Sir Thomas White, has arisen chiefly from his donation of £1400 in the reign of Henry VIII., exclusively of considerable sums to be lent for nine years to apprentices of good character, on the expiration of their indentures 3 in this loan natives of Leicester, Northampton, Nottingham, and Warwick, participate. At Allesley, about a mile distant, is a petrifying spring, not much used. Walter of Coventry, a Benedictine monk and eminent early historian 5 William Macclesfield, created Cardinal by Pope Bene- dict XL; John Bird, Bishop of Chester, who was de- prived of his see in the reign of Mary ; Humphrey Wanley, the antiquary; and NehemiahGrew, the botanist, were natives of this city ; and Dr. Philemon Holland, the translator of Camden’s Britannia, resided here for the greater part of his life, and, dying in 1636, was buried in the church of the Holy Trinity. Coventry gives the title of Earl, created in 1697 ^ to the family of that name. VoL. I . — 689 COVERHAM (Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union * of Leyburn, wapentake of Hang- West, N. riding of York, 12 miles (W.) from Bedale, and 1^ (S. W.) from Middleham ; containing 1254 inhabitants. This place was once distinguished for its abbey, which was founded at Swainby, in the parish of Pickhall, near the southern point of Richmondshire, prior to 1189, by Helewisia, daughter and heiress of Ranulph de Glanville, lord chief justice of England, and was removed hither in 1214 by the son of that lady, Ralph Fitz- Robert, Lord of Mid- dleham. The institution was of considerable celebrity, and received various endowments from families of rank, possessing, among other lands, nearly the whole of the valley of Coverham ; and at the Dissolution its revenue was returned at £207. 14. 8. The situation of the priory was highly appropriate for the purposes of the foundation, and from the spot is obtained a view of the outline of Whernside and Penhill, which is very majestic, but it does not appear that the buildings were ever magnificent; the remains, situated on the north side of the Cover, consist principally of some shattered arches of the nave, and carved stones, and the gateway, a very picturesque structure, is yet entire. The estate of Coverham Abbey passed from the family of Bainbridge, and went thence to the Atkinsons, originally of Newstead (1584), in the parish of East Witton, and w^ho were .connected with the Bainbridges by both having married into the family of Askwith, of Newstead : from the Atkinsons it passed to the Listers, the present possessors. Out of the ruins of the abbey a great part of the materials was obtained for erecting the elegant mansion of Thos. Lister, Esq., near the entrance to whose garden are two full-sized statues in hauberks, which were placed in their present position in 1812, and probably represent the early patrons of the establishment. The parish extends over a space of forty superficial miles, and is divided into the High dale and Low dale ; the former containing 12,480 acres, and including the townships of Gammersgill, Swineside, Arkleside, Black- rake, Bradley, Coverhead, Pickle, and Woodale, and the village of Horsehouse, which gives name to a chapelry that consists of the preceding townships ; and the latter comprising 9640 acres, and including, besides Cam- bridge, East Scrafton, Carlton, Melmerby, and West Scrafton, the hamlet of Coverham Abbey, in the vicinity of which stand the ancient church and mill of the monks, and which, with Agglethorpe Hall and its de- pendencies, forms the township of Coverham, with 1090 acres of rich land. The river Cover, which confers its name upon the district, is a rapid stream, abounding with trout, and the dale through which it runs is sup- posed to have been the birthplace of Dr. Myles Cover- dale, Bishop of Exeter, born in Yorkshire in 1488, and who, in 1535, published the first edition of the Bible ever printed in English. Both coal and lead are found in the parish. Coverham feast is on the 8th and 9th of November, and extends through the whole of the dale. The living is a perpetual curacy, endowed with the tithes of Arkleside, Blackrake, Coverhead, Pickle, Swineside, and Woodale, and in the patronage of the Tomlinson family, and incumbency of the Rev. G. C. Tomlinson, F.S.A., chaplain to Dr. Tomlinson, Bishop of Gibraltar ; net income, £180. The church, which is thought to have been built in the 12th century, is a neat edifice, consisting of a nave, chancel, and south aisle, with a C O W B CO WD tower, and contains in the windows some remains of painted glass of great beauty : in the churchyard, which comprises less than a couple of acres, is a spot where neither the church can be seen nor the bells heard, which is occasioned by a very sudden descent on the south-east side, towards the bottom in which the abbey stands, while the noise of the stream propelling the mill-wheel, shuts out the sound of the bells. There are schools for the instruction of the children of the poor. COVERHEAD, a hamlet, in thechapelry of Horse- house, parish of Coverham, union of Leyburn, wapen- take of Hang-West, N. riding of York, 4 miles (S. W.) from Horsehouse. This bleak and remote hamlet, also called Coverhill and Slape Gill, contains only one inha- bited house, but is remarkable as having been the last acquired possession of the monks of Coverham, and was let by them at £3 per annum ; it is now the property of Mr. Alcock, and the tithes belong to the incumbent of the parish. There were formerly several dwellings, in- cluding one known by the name of Hunter’s Hall. COVINGTON {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Thrapston, hundred of Leightonstone, county of Huntingdon, 3:^ miles (W. N. W.) from Kimbolton, on the road to Higham-Ferrars ; containing 14^ inhabit- ants. It is situated on the road from Higham-Ferrars to Kimbolton. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 1. 8.; net income, £1665 patron, Earl Fitz william. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, in 1801. COW ARNE, LITTLE, a parish, in the union of Bromyard, hundred of Broxash, county of Hereford, 3 miles (S. W. by W.) from Bromyard 5 containing 187 inhabitants, and consisting of 674 acres. The living is annexed to the rectory of Ullingswick : the tithes have been commuted for £135, and the glebe consists of about 25 acres. COWARNE, MUCH (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Bromyard, hundred of Broxash, county of Hereford, 5 miles (S. S. W.) from Bromyard 3 con- taining 557 inhabitants. A small stream, a branch of the river Froome, flows from north to south through this parish, which comprises by measurement 3550 acres •, the soil is clayey, and the surface flat, in the midst of which is a spot of rising ground, called Greatfield, abounding in gravel, sand, and stones, all set in regular layers, which formation is supposed to be of diluvial origin. The road between Hereford and Bromyard in- tersects the parish. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £14. 19. 7« 3 net income, £280 ; patron. Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol. The site of the glebe-house and the ground attached consist of 2a. 37*. The church, having been almost totally de- stroyed in January, 1840, through the steeple being struck by lightning, has been rebuilt : in the chancel, which is the only part of the church saved from the conflagration, is the figure of a knight-errant, and a monument, containing a recumbent effigy of a lady of the name of Reede, with four small figures kneeling by her side, over which is a curious Latin inscription. COWBIT (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Spalding, wapentake of Elloe, parts of Holland, county of Lincoln, 3| miles (S. by E.) from Spalding 5 containing 664 inhabitants. The road from Spalding to Peterborough through Crowland passes through the village, and the navigable river Welland runs parallel 690 with the road on the west. A small pleasure fair is held in June. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £460 ; patrons, certain Feoffees : the tithes were com- muted for land, in 1800 5 the glebe consists of 350 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church was, with the cemetery, consecrated in 1486, by Bishop Russell, and was, previously to that year, a chantry to the abbey of Spalding, at which period it seems that Cowbit was made a separate parish. Major-General Dyson, owner of the estate of Peakill, in the parish, has lately erected two elegant tablets in the chancel, one in memory of his father, James Dyson, Esq., for many years solicitor to the Admiralty and Navy 3 and has also presented for the use of the church an excellent organ, and a beautiful window, which is over the altar- table. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. In 1712, Joseph Andrew endowed a school with £12. 10. per annum, arising from land, and he also left, with some others, lands producing about £33 per annum, for the poor. COWDEN {St, Mary Magdalene), a parish, in the union of Seven-Oaks, hundred of Somerden, lathe of Sutton-at-Hone, ,W. division of Kent, 9 miles (W.) from Tonbridge- Wells ; containing 695 inhabitants. One of the four principal heads of the Medway, which rises at Gravelly Hill, in Sussex, directs its course east- ward along the southern side of this parish, and sepa- rates it from the county of Sussex. Iron-ore is found. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 18. Ilf., and in the gift and incumbency of the Rev. T. Harvey : the tithes have been commuted for £544, and the glebe consists of 4 acres. The church is a small building, with a handsome spire 5 a north aisle has recently been added to it, and 134 additional sit- tings have been provided. COWDON, or Golden, GREAT and LITTLE, a parish, in the union of Skirlaugh, partly in the Middle, but chiefly in the N., division of the wapentake of Hol- DERNESS, E. riding of York, 3f miles (S. by E.) from Hornsea ; containing 151 inhabitants, of whom 19 are in Little Cowdon. Great Cowdon is stated in Domesday book as a berewick, belonging, in the Confessor’s time, to St. John of Beverley; and the manor was in the possession of the Archbishop of York at an early period subsequent to the Conquest. At Little Cowdon was a parochial chapel dedicated to St. John the Evangelist, anciently given to the monks of St. Martin, Albemarle, who conveyed it in the 18th of Richard II. to the con- vent of Kirkstall ; the patronage before this time had been exercised by the knightly family of Despencer. The parish is commonly considered a township, some- times called Cowdons-Ambo, partly in the parish of Aldbrough, but chiefly in that of Mappleton : it com- prises by measurement 1503 acres, of which about 800 are in Great Cowdon ; one-fourth is pasture, and the remainder arable. The village of the latter place is situated at the very edge of the cliffs, on the German Ocean, and is occupied by a few farmers and persons employed in obtaining gravel from the cliffs. The chapel, with a portion of the village, suffered from the devasta- tions of the sea, and was swept away about half a cen- tury since ; the living, however, exists, and is a dis- charged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £2. 13.4., and in the gift of the Crown ; it is annexed to Ald- brough. Some time since the incumbent received £3000 in satisfaction of his claim to tithes. C O W E C O W F COWES, EAST, a parochial district, in the parish of Whippingham, liberty of East Medina, Isle of Wight and S. divisions of the county of Southampton, 5 miles (N.) from Newport 5 containing 880 inhabitants. The village is situated on the eastern side of the mouth of the river Medina, by which it is separated from West Cowes, and owes its origin to a fort or blockhouse, erected in the reign of Henry VIII., for the defence of the harbour, but of which no vestiges are now discern- ible. Until of late here was an establishment of the Customs, which has been removed to West Cowes, and the buildings are now occupied as a station for the men employed in the preventive service. Ship-building is carried on to a considerable extent 5 and good building- stone is obtained in several parts of the vicinity, particu- larly at Osborne Park, where it is raised in large quanti- ties, and used in the erection of the Southampton docks. The neighbourhood abounds with interesting features and finely-varied scenery 5 and on the brow of a hill near the village is East Cowes Castle, a handsome struc- ture, consisting of one square and two circular embattled towers, erected by the late eminent architect, Mr. Nash, for his own residence, and commanding a fine sea view. The church, dedicated to St. James, of which the first stone was laid by her present Majesty, when Princess Victoria, who was also present at its consecration, in 1831, was erected at an expense of £3000, raised by subscription, towards which Her Majesty and the Duchess of Kent contributed liberally, and which was also aided by a grant of £375 from the funds of the In- corporated Society 5 it is a handsome edifice, in the Norman style, and contains 668 sittings, of which 370 are free. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patron- age of the rector of Whippingham, with a net income of £120. There is a place of worship for Independents; and a national school is supported by subscription, and is in connexion with the Diocesan Board at Winchester. At Barton was formerly an oratory of Augustine monks, founded by John de Insula, in 1282, the beautiful re- mains of which have been converted into a farm-house. COWES, WEST, a sea-port and chapelry, in the N. division of the parish of Northwood, liberty of West Medina, Isle of Wight incorporation and divi- sion of the county of Southampton, 5 miles (N.) from Newport, and 86 (S. W.) from London ; containing 4107 inhabitants. This place owes its origin to the erection of a small castle on the western bank of the river Medina, commanding the entrance of the harbour ; the fortress, which was built in 1539^ by Henry VIII., is a small edifice with a semicircular battery mounting eight pieces of heavy ordnance, and contains accommodation for a captain and a company of artillery. From the excellence of the harbour, in which ships may find shelter in stormy weather, and from which they may sail out either to the east or west, as the wind may serve, Cowes has become a populous and flourishing town ; and from its advan- tageous situation for ship-building, several private yards have been established, in which men of war have been built for the royal navy. The town is romantically situ- ated on the acclivity of an eminence rising from the mouth of the river by which it is separated from East Cowes : the streets are narrow, and the houses in general inelegant, but, rising above each other from the margin of the river to the summit of the eminence on which they are built, they have a pleasing and picturesque 691 appearance from the opposite bank, and are seen with peculiar advantage from the sea, of which they command interesting and extensive views. The excellence of its beach, the pleasantness of its situation, and the salubrity of the air, have rendered it a fashionable place for sea- bathing, for which purpose several respectable lodging- houses have been erected, and numerous bathing- machines are ranged on the beach, to the west of the castle. The parade, terminated at one extremity by the castle, and at the other by the Marine hotel, forms an interesting and favourite promenade. The Royal Yacht Club, consisting of about 1 60 noblemen and gentlemen, established here for many years, celebrate their regatta annually in August, on which occasion more than 200 yachts and other vessels are assembled, forming a spec- tacle truly splendid and magnificent. The club-house, situated on the parade, is a handsome building, with a spacious viranda in front, commanding a fine view- of the sea, and having also in front an inclosure, within which are several pieces of cannon, and a semaphore, with apparatus for the display of signals to the vessels in the roadstead, belonging respectively to the several members of the squadron. An extensive trade is carried on in provisions and other articles for the supply of the shipping : the principal exports of the island are wheat, flour, malt, barley, wool, and salt, large quantities of which are shipped for France, Spain, Portugal, and the Mediterranean shores. Packets sail six times daily to Southampton, Ryde, and Portsmouth, and passage-boats to Newport. A market-house was erected in 1816, and the market is well supplied with meat, fish, and vege- tables, and a fair is held on the Thursday in Whitsun- week. The town is partly in the jurisdiction of the borough of Newport, and partly in that of the county ; the upper part of the market-house is appropriated as the town-hall. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £256 ; patron. Vicar of Carisbrooke. The chapel, erected in the year 1657, and consecrated in the year 1662, is on the summit of the hill on which the town is situated : in 1811 it was enlarged and improved at an expense of £3000, by the late George Ward, Esq., who added the tower at the w^est end, the lower part of which, opening into the church, forms the seat and the mausoleum of that family, and contains an elegant monument to the late Mrs. Ward ; and it was further enlarged in 1832. A district church, erected on the west cliff, at the ex- pense of Mrs. Goodwin, at a cost of £5000, including endowment, and dedicated to the Holy Trinity, was con- secrated in 1832 : it is a handsome building of white brick, ornamented with stone in the later English style, with an embattled tower crowned with pinnacles ; the interior is lighted by a handsome range of lofty windows, enriched with tracery, and embellished with an east window of stained glass, and with other appropriate details ; it contains 800 sittings, of which 350 are free. The living is a perpetual curacy in the patronage of Mrs. Goodwin ; net income, £85. There are places of worship for Independents and Wesleyans, and a hand- some Roman Catholic chapel. A national school has been built, and a dispensary for the sick established. COWFOLD, a parish, in the union of Cuckfield, hundred of Windham and Ewhurst, rape of Bramber, W. division of Sussex, 7 miles (S. S. E.) from Horsham ; containing 943 inhabitants. The parish is on the road 4 T 2 COWL COWL from London, by way of Horsham, to Brighton, and comprises by measurement nearly 3000 acres, of which the soil is chiefly a stiff clay, though in some parts of a lighter quality. The village is pleasantly situated, and a market for corn is held every alternate Wednesday. The living is a vicarage, endow^ed with the rectorial tithes, valued in the king’s books at £10. 6. 8., and in the patronage of the Bishop of Chichester : the tithes have been commuted for £580, and the glebe comprises 33 acres. The church is a handsome structure, in the early and later English styles, with a low square em- battled tower ; in the nave is a magnificent monument of brass to the memory of Thomas Nelond, prior of Lewes, who died in 1433. A national school is sup- ported by subscription. COWGROVE, or Kinson, a tything, in the parish of WiMBORNE - Minster, union of Wimborne and Cranborne, hundred of Badbury, Wimborne division of Dorset, 2 miles (W.) from Wimborne 3 containing 752 inhabitants. COWHONEYBOURNE, county of Gloucester.— See Honeybourne, Cow. COWICK, a chapelry, in the parish and union of St. Thomas the Apostle, Exeter, hundred of Won- ford, Wonford and S. divisions of Devon, 1 mile (S. W. by S.) from Exeter. The chapel is dedicated to St. Thomas a Becket. A Benedictine monastery, a cell to the abbey of Bee, in Normandy, was established here by William, son of Balwine, in the time of Henry II., but there are not any remains of it. COWICK, a township, in the parish of Snaith, union of Goole, Lower division of the wapentake of OsGOLDCROSS, W. riding of York, ^ a mile (S. E. by E.) from Snaith 5 containing 882 inhabitants. The town- ship comprises by computation 8970 acres, and includes East and West Cowick, and the hamlets of Newbridge and Greenland. Cowick and Snaith have a peculiar jurisdiction, which extends over several neighbouring places. Cowick Hall, a seat of Viscount Downe, is a large and handsome mansion, seated in an extensive park. At West Cowick is an Independent meeting- house 5 and a school on the national plan is partly sup- ported by a yearly gift of £6. 6. from the township. COWLAM, a parish, in the union of Driffield, wapentake of Buckrose, E. riding of York, 2 miles (N. E.) from Sledmere 3 containing 44 inhabitants. This place, which appears to have been formerly either a large village or town of some importance, is the pro- perty of the Rev. T. F. F. Bowes, to whose brother. General Bowes, killed at the head of his brigade in Spain, after being severely wounded at the storming of Badajos, a monument was voted by parliament, and erected in the Cathedral of St. Paul, London. The parish comprises by computation 2200 acres, of which about 30Q are pasture, and 100 woodland 3 the surface is very irregular, and intersected with deep valleys of romantic character 5 the soil is chalky, with some por- tions containing flints, but generally producing good crops. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 11.3 . 5 net income, £30 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. T. F. F. Bowes. The church con- tains a curious ancient font. COWLEY, a hamlet, in the parish of Preston- Bisset, union, hundred, and county of Buckingham 3 containing 31 inhabitants. 692 COWLEY, a hamlet, in the parish of Dronfield, union of Chesterfield, hundred of Scarsdale, N. division of the county of Derby, l|:mile (W. S. W.) from Dronfield- Here is a sulphureous spring. COWLEY {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Cheltenham, hundred of Rapsgate, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 5 miles (S. byE.) from Chelten- ham 3 containing 317 inhabitants. It comprises by com- putation 1846 acres, of which about 200 are pasture, 100 woodland, and the rest arable. The living is a rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 1. 10^., and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been com- muted for £300, and the glebe consists of 73 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. A school is partly sup- ported by the clergyman and the proprietor of the estate. COWLEY {St. Lawrence), a parish, in the union of Uxbridge, hundred of Elthorne, county of Mid- dlesex, 1^ mile (S. by E.) from Uxbridge, near the Great Western railway 3 containing 392 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11, and in the gift of I. Hilliard, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £197, and the glebe consists of 12 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. Barnard Dog- nall, in I76I, bequeathed four acres of land, producing £10 per annum, for the parish clerk, on condition of his keeping the church clean, and the churchyard in good order. A school is endowed with £5 per annum. COWLEY {St. James), a parish, in the union of Headington, hundred of Bullington,' county of Ox- ford, 2| miles (S. E. by E.) from Oxford 3 containing 606 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy 5 net in- come, £64 5 patrons and appropriators. Dean and Canons of Christ-Church, Oxford. There is a school in union with the National Society. Part of the parish is called Temple Cowley, from some lands having been given by Matilda, in the reign of Stephen, to the Knights Tem- plars, who had a preceptory here, which was afterwards removed to Sandford. To the north of Cowley Marsh are some remains of an ancient hospital, dedicated to St. Bartholomew, thought by Tanner to have been founded by Henry I., when he built his palace at Beau- mont : being of royal foundation, it was granted by Edward HI. to Oriel College, as a retreat for the students in time of pestilence. COWLEY, a township, in the parish of Gnosall, union of Newport, W. division of the hundred of Cut- tlestone, S. division of the county of Stafford, 5 miles (E.) from Newport. COWLING, county of Suffolk. — See Cooling. COWLING, with Burrel, a township, in the parish of Bedale, union of Leybourn, wapentake of Hang- East, N. riding of York, miles (W. by S.) from Bedale 3 containing 138 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 463 acres of land. Cowling Hall is the property of Sir John Croft, Bart. - COWLING, a township, in the parish of Kildwick, union of Skipton, E. division of the wapentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 7 miles (S. S. W.) from Skipton 3 containing 2458 inhabitants. This township, which is situated on the confines of Lancashire, and on the road from Keighley to Colne, comprises by computation 5140 acres, chiefly high moor land, affording tolerable pasturage : good building-stone is quarried, a portion of which was used for the con- C O W P C O W T struction of the Liverpool docks. Carr Head is the noble mansion of W. B. Wainman, Esq., commanding extensive views of the surrounding country. A church is about to be erected, from designs by Chantrell towards which the Ripon Diocesan Society have granted £^00. There are places of worship for Baptists, Primitive Methodists, Wesleyans, and Independents 5 and a na- tional school is supported by subscription. COWPEN or Coopen, a township, in the chapelry of Horton, union of Tynemouth, E. division of Castle ward, S. division of Northumberland, 8 miles (E. S. E.) from Morpeth ; containing 2464 inhabitants. This place, which is called in old records Cupum, Cvpin, Copun, or Couperum, comprises about 1553 acres, and extends nearly two miles along the southern bank of the Blyth, which is navigable here. The canons of Brink- burn and the monks of Tynemouth had salt-mines in the township, the latter being also owners of much of the land, and there were formerly several other salt-works near the river, but they have all long since disappeared. A colliery upon a large scale is worked by Messrs. Carr and Jobling, who have taken the royalty of the coal in nearly the whole township, with some of the adjoining royalties j it is of a good description for steam-engines, and is sold under the name of ‘‘ Sidney's Hartley,” the latter word implying a furnace coal, in contradistinction to Wallsend,” used for household purposes. The coal is shipped by means of a railway at the port of Blyth, principally for the French trade and for the London market 3 and another railway is in contemplation to communicate with the Tyne. That portion of the Bed- lington iron-works in which engines are constructed, is in this township, adjoining the south-side of the river, where numerous hands are employed : there are also four corn-mills, two of which are worked by steam 3 and at Cowpen quay is a large ship-building yard. The village lies about a mile west of the port of Blyth, on the highway between that place and Newcastle, and about a quarter of a mile from the Blyth river 3 it con- tains several good houses, all of modern date except the Hall, at present in the occupation of a farmer 3 about 120 years ago it was nearly destroyed by fire, but has been partially rebuilt. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £295, payable in moieties to the Duke of Northumberland and M. J. F. Sidney, Esq., and the vicarial for £36, payable to the vicar of Woodhorn. There are places of worship for Burghers, Methodists of the New Connexion, Primitive Methodists, and Roman Catholics, of whom the last have a neat chapel, with a residence for the officiating clergyman, erected a few years since at the expense of Mr. Sidney. A Sunday school, in connexion with the Established Church, has been established by the incumbent of the parish, the Rev. R. Kennicott. COWPEN-BEWLEY, a township, in the parish of Billingham, union of .Stockton-upon-Tees, N. E. division of Stockton ward, S. division of the county of Durham, 4^ miles (N. E. by N.) from Stockton 5 con- taining 196 inhabitants. It lies to the north-east of Billingham towards the marshes, and comprises by com- putation 2590 acres, including the large farm of Salt- holme : the lands are the property of the Dean and Chapter of Durham. In Cowpen* marsh, a pasture of from 400 to 500 acres, are several large earthen mounds, HOW covered with herbage, the remains of the old salt- 693 works that were carried on in this angle of the county, all along the Tees- marsh : the abbot of Guisborough had his salt-works on the opposite coast. The tithes have been commuted for £173. 3., of which £143. 3. are payable to the Dean of Durham, and £30 to the vicar of the parish. COWSBY, a parish, in the union of Thirsk, wapen- take of Birdforth, N. riding of York, 6 ;^ miles (N. N. E.) from Thirsk 3 containing 108 inhabitants. The parish comprises WQpa. Ir. 30p., of which about 510 acres are arable, 429 meadow and pasture, and 134 moor 3 the surface is beautifully diversified with hill and dale, and richly clothed in many parts with wood. George Loyd, Esq., lord of the manor, and proprietor of the lands, has an excellent mansion here. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 11. 0|., and in the patronage of Mr. Loyd : the tithes have been commuted for £125, and the glebe comprises 19 acres. Here is an hospital for four parishioners, endowed with £10 per annum, and sup- posed to have been founded by Lord Crewe. COWSHUISH, a tything, comprising the hamlet of Toulton, in the parish of Kingston, union of Taun- ton, hundred of Taunton and Taunton-Dean, W. division of Somerset, 5| miles (N. W. by N.) from Taunton. COWTHORN, a township, in the parish of Mid- dleton, Pickering lythe and union, N. riding of York, 5 miles (N. N. W.) from Pickering 3 containing 20 inhabitants. The soil is light and sandy, and the substratum in some parts limestone 3 the scenery is bold, with fine and extensive views from the higher grounds. Good stone is quarried for building purposes. Thomas Mitchelson, Esq., is lord of the manor, and exclusive proprietor of the township. There are some Roman antiquities. COWTHORP {St, Michael), a parish, in the Upper division of the wapentake of Claro, W. riding of York, 3j miles (N. E. by N.) from Wetherby 3 containing 115 inhabitants. It is situated on the river Nidd, about a mile from the road between Boroughbridge and We- therby. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 15. 10. 3 net income, £130 3 patron, R. F. Wilson, Esq. The church is an ancient structure, consisting of a nave and chancel, in the latter of which is a monumental brass, whereon are the effigies of a man and woman, bearing between them a model of a church, and supposed to be Brian Rowcliff, a baron of the exchequer, and his lady, the founders of the building. Near the manor-house stands a gigantic oak-tree, one of the largest in England 3 it measures 60 feet in girth, and, when entire, its branches are said to have over- spread an acre of ground : twenty-four persons have sate down within its hollow trunk. COWTON, EAST {St, Mary),b. parish, in the union of North-Allerton, wapentake of Gilling-East, N. riding of York, 7 miles (N. E. by E,) from Catterick, and 8 (N. W. by N.) from North-Allerton, which is the post-town 3 containing 454 inhabitants. It comprises 3144a. 3r., of which 1743 acres are arable, and the re- mainder meadow and pasture ; the surface is low, but undulated, with many commanding prospects 3 the soil is clay, partially gravelly, with beds of sand. A station on the Great Northern railway has been established at the place. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued C O X H C O X W in the king’s books at £4. 6. 10 ^. ; the patronage is at- tached conditionally to the Mastership of Kirkby-Ravens- worth Hospital, or otherwise belongs to the Wardens and Hospitallers. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £270, and the vicarial for £213. 6. 8. j the glebe consists of ^ an acre. The church is a small edifice. There is a place of worship for Primitive Methodists. A free school, founded by the Dakyn family, in 1556, has an annuity of about £24, arising from the estates bequeathed to the above-mentioned hospital 5 and in connexion with this school is another, for girls, which is supported partly by Lady Arabella Arden and other subscribers, and partly by payments from the children. Both schools are under the direc- tion of the National Society. COWTON, NORTH, a township, in the parish of Gilling, union of Richmond, wapentake of Gilling- East, N. riding of York, 6^ miles (N. E.) from Catter- ick ^ containing 273 inhabitants. This place is on the road from Richmond to Stockton, and comprises by computation 1290 acres of fertile land. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £84, and the vicarial for £10. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans^ also a small school. COWTON, SOUTH, a chapelry, in the parish of Gilling, union of North-Allerton, wapentake of Gilling-East, N. riding of York, 5 j miles (N. E. by E.) from Catterick ; containing 425 inhabitants, of which 152 are in the township. On Cuton Moor,” situated between this place and East Cowton, was fought the famous battle of the Standard, in which the English de- feated the Scots, with the loss of 10,000 men : the spot is still called Standard Hill. The place comprises 21 18ct. 2r. 18p. of rather poor but well-cultivated land, and is intersected by the road leading from Richmond to Dar- lington, near which is the hamlet 3 the Great North of England railway passes on the east at a distance of about two miles : there is a beautiful view from Astley hill of the Hambleton range, extending all the way to the sea. Pepper Hall, the seat of the Hon. Richard Pepper Arden, is a handsome mansion, to which are attached fine and extensive pleasure-grounds. The liv- ing is a perpetual curacy in the patronage of the Vicar of Gilling, with a net income of £39 5 impropriator, John Webb, Esq. The chapel is dedicated to St. Mary. COXFORD, a hamlet, in the parish of East Rud- HAM, union of Docking, hundred of Gallow, W. divi- sion of Norfolk, 5 J miles (W.) from Fakenham. Wil- liam Chene founded a priory at Rudham, in the reign of Stephen, which was subsequently removed to this place. Among other grants, the prior obtained license, in the 11th of Henry HI., to hold a fair on the festival of the Translation of St. Thomas the Martyr 3 and in the 3rd and 15th of Edward I. a free market on Mon- day, and a fair on the eve and day of St. Matthew the Apostle, were bestowed. The boundary wall of the priory inclosed about 30 acres 3 and an arch and some other portions are still standing. The annual revenue, in 1428, amounted to £222. 12. 8. 3 but at the Disso- lution it was only estimated at £153. 7. 1. COXHALL, with Buckton, a township, in the pa- rish of Bucknill, union of Knighton, hundred of WiGMORE, county of Hereford, 3 f miles (E. by N.) from Knighton 3 containing II6 inhabitants. It is situ- ated on the borders of Shropshire, and contains 1236 694 acres of a moderately productive soil. Here are traces of an ancient circular camp. COXHOE, a township, in the parish of Kelloe, S. division of Easington ward, union and N. division of the county of Durham, 5 j miles (S. E. by S.) from Durham, on the road to Stockton-on-Tees 3 containing 3904 inhabitants. The soil of the township is generally a strong clay. The village has lately increased consider- ably in consequence of the enlarged working of its collieries, of which the following five are in operation, viz., the Clarence-Hetton, the West Hetton, the Crow- trees, the Bowburn, and Coxhoe : the coal is shipped at Stockton, to which port it is conveyed by the Cla- rence railway. There are two limestone quarries, and a good seam of clay, used in the manufacture of brown earthenware 3 and a small foundry employs some hands. A church is in progress of erection 3 and there are places of worship for Wesleyans and Primitive Metho- dists, to which Sunday schools are attached 5 another school is aided by an annual contribution of £5 from the vicar. COXLEY, a tything,in the parish of St. Cuthbert, city and union of Wells, hundred of Wells-Forum, E. division of Somerset 3 containing 27^ inhabitants. COXLODGE, a township, in the parish of Gosforth, union and W. division of Castle ward, S. division of Northumberland, 2 miles (N.) from Newcastle 3 con- taining 924 inhabitants. The township comprises 800a. Ir. I4p., of which 69 1 acres are arable, IO6 meadow and pasture, and 2^ wood 3 the surface is rather level, but rising gradually from the south towards the north 3 the soil is a strong clay, and though much of it requires good draining to render it more productive, yet grows fair crops of wheat 3 and the views embrace in the dis- tance the Simonside and Cheviot hills. From the openness of the country to the west and north, and the extent of town moor on the south, the air is very salu- brious, and is considered the best in the neighbourhood of Newcastle. An excellent seam of coal has been in work here for fifty years past, and is now carried on by Matthew Bell, Esq., M. P., and Messrs. Brandling, the lessees, under the firm of the Owners of Coxlodge Colliery there are two pits of the depth of 90 fathoms, in which about 360 persons are employed 3 the coal is of a good household quality, and is sold as Riddell’s Wallsend Thomas Riddell, Esq. is the proprietor of the royalty. There is a railway for conveying the coal to the river Tyne 3 and the great north road passes on the east of the township. The Newcastle races are run on the adjoining moor, which, with the Leazes, contains 1600 acres 3 and in 1800 the grand stand was erected on the verge of the estate. There is a windmill-pump in the township, for raising water to supply a reservoir on the town moor near Newcastle. Coxlodge House is the property of John Anderson, Esq. 3 Roseworth House, that of John Carr, Esq. ; Coxlodge Cottage, the resi- dence of Samuel Hedley, Esq. 3 and Stand House, of Christopher Fenwick, Esq. The tithes have been com- muted for £188. 2 . 8., of which £85. 9. 9. are payable to the Bishop of Carlisle, a similar sum to the Dean and Chapter, and £17. 3. 2. to the vicar of Newcastle. The great dyke that divides the coal-field runs through the township from east to west. COXWELL, GREAT (St. Giles), a parish, in the union and hundred of Farringdon, county of Berks, cox w C R A D miles (S. W.) from Great Farringdon ; containing 351 nhabitants. This parish comprises by admeasurement 426 acres ; the surface has a gentle acclivity, and the oil varies greatly on the north and west sides of the dll; it is chiefly a strong clay, in some parts poor and )oggy, and on the south and east a rich loam. Lime- tone of a soft nature, in which numerous fossils are mbedded, is plentiful ; and on Badbury Hill is a yellow- sh sandstone, hard enough for sharpening scythes. The dllage is pleasantly situated on the southern acclivity of he hill. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in he king’s books at £7* 7. H.; net income, £211; )atron, Bishop ' of Salisbury ; impropriator, Earl of ladnor. The Rev. John Pynsent, in 1705, bequeathed and producing about £20 per annum, for apprenticing children ; and there is a curious bequest from the Earl )f Radnor, in 1771^ charging his lands with an annuity and is said to have been erected so early as 700; the chancel was rebuilt in 1777, by the Earl of Fauconberg : there is some stained glass in the windows, and within are many handsome monuments of the Belasyse family. A chapel of ease was built at the village of Yearsley, in 1839, at the cost of George Wombwell, Esq., of New- brough Park, the lord of the manor. A free grammar school was founded, in 1603, by Sir John Harte, aider- man of London, who endowed it with £36. 13. 4. per annum ; and an hospital for ten poor men was founded, in 1696, by Thomas, Earl of Fauconberg, the endow- ment of which consists of a rent-charge of £59. There are also several other charities, consisting of a yearly rent-charge of £16 out of the manor of Sigston, left by the Earl of Fauconberg ; £24, received annually as the rent of land in the parish of Husthwaite, bequeathed by one of the same family ; £10 a year as the produce of )f £45, to be applied to the apprenticing of children of 7 acres of land called Park Nook ; and the interest of Coleshill and this parish, so often as the vicar of Coles- bill should be absent from the parish more than 60 days in any one year, and should accept any other preferment with the cure of souls. There are the remains of a religious establishment in the parish, formerly built by the abbots of Beaulieu, to whom the manor was granted by King John, in 1205, now a farm-house : the barn is 148 feet long, and 40 feet wdde, the roof supported on two ranges of timber pillars resting upon stone pedes- tals ; the walls are 4 feet thick, and of excellent masonry. On Badbury Hill is an ancient circular encampment, supposed to be Danish. COXWELL, LITTLE, a chapelry, in the parish, union, and hundred, of Farringdon, county of Berks, I5 mile (S.) from Great Farringdon; containing 315 inhabitants, and comprising 842a. 3r. 13p. The chapel is dedicated to St. Mary. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1801. The remains of a camp, apparently in the form of a square, are visi- ble here, the double ditch on the western side being nearly entire ; and there are also, in an inclosed field of about fourteen acres, 273 pits, called Cole’s Pits, exca- vated in the sand and varying in depth, supposed to have been the habitations or hiding-places of the an- cient Britons. COXWOLD (St Michael), a parish, partly in the union of Easingwould, and partly in that of Helms- I.EY, wapentake of Birdeorth, N. riding of York ; containing 1076 inhabitants, of whom 325 are in the township of Coxwold, 6 miles (N.) from Easingwould. The parish comprises the townships of Angram -Grange, Birdforth, Byland cum Membris, Coxwold, Newbrough, Oulston, Thornton cum Baxby, Wildon- Grange, and Yearsley, which are described under their respective heads, and consists of 12,025a. 2p. of fertile land, whereof about 3005 acres are arabl^ 7919 grass land, and 1099 wood, water, common, &c.^ of the above the township of Coxwold contains 1369«. Ir. 2 Ip. The village is- pleasantly situated on an eminence amidst beautiful scenery of hill and dale, and woodland, and about 6 miles to the east of the Great North of England railway : there is a large cattle and sheep fair on the 25th of A.ugust, and races are held on the Monday after Michaelmas-day. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £351 ; patrons and impropriators. Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge. The church is a small ancient structure, with an octagonal tower, 695 £25, secured on the tolls of the York and North- Allerton turnpike-roads. Sterne wrote his Tristram Shandy and some other works at Shandy Hall, in the village, where he resided about seven years. CRAB -WALL, with Blacon, a township, in the parish of the Holy Trinity, Chester, union of Great Boughton, Higher division of the hundred of Wir- rall, S. division of the county of Chester, 2| miles (N. W. by N.) from Chester ; containing 6l inhabitants. Crab- Wall Hall, a handsome castellated mansion, was recently built by Samuel Farmer, Esq. CRACKENTHORPE, a township, in the parish of Bongate, or St. Michael, Appleby, East ward and union, county of Westmorland, 2^ miles (N. W.) from Appleby ; containing 104 inhabitants. At a place called Chapel-hill are the ruins of a chapel, dedicated to St. Giles. On the road from this place to Kirkby-Thore, and to the southward of the ancient Roman road, are traces of a quadrilateral camp ; and further on is a small outwork, named Maiden-hold. CRACOE, a township, in the parish of Burnsall, union of Skipton, E. division of the wapentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York, 6 miles (N.) from Skipton; containing 153 inhabitants. It comprises by computation 1300 acres of pasture and moorland, divided among various proprietors, of whom the Duke of Devonshire is lord of the manor : abund- ance of good limestone and freestone is obtained in the mountainous parts. The tithes have been commuted for £97. 2. 6., payable to the rector of both medieties of ' Burnsall. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. CRADLEY (St. James), a parish, in the union of Bromyard, hundred of Radlow, county of Hereford, 3j miles (W. by N.) from Great Malvern ; containing 1504 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the borders of Worcestershire, which bounds it on the north, east, and south ; it is intersected by the road from Worcester to Hereford, and comprises by measurement 5970 acres, of which 1008 are woodland, and about 70 hop-grounds. A small stream, running from south to north, divides the district into two nearly equal portions. At Ridgway Cross are quarries of sandstone, the material of which is excellent for buildings ; and there are also quarries of limestone and of Ludlow rock. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £18, and in the gift of the Bishop’of Hereford: the tithes have been commuted for £1022, and the glebe comprises 110 acres, attached C R A I CRAM to which is an excellent glebe-honse. The chnrch is a plain edifice, with a low tower. There is a' place of worship for Lady Huntingdon’s Connexion. The free school for boys was founded in the reign of James I., and endowed with £24 per annum from a parish estate 5 and there is also a girls’ school. Several interesting fossils are found among the strata, including asaphus caudatus, the orthoceratites and the encrinites. CRADLEY, a chapelry, in the parish of Hales- OwEN, union of Stourbridge, Lower division of the hundred of Halfshire, Stourbridge and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, 1 mile (N. W. by N.) from Hales-Owen 5 containing 2686 inhabitants. This place is situated on the river Stour, by which it is separated on the north and north-west from the county of Stafford ; and on the east it is bounded by a portion of Shropshire 3 it consists of 724 acres, and is intersected by the road between Stourbridge and Hales-Owen : the surface is hilly, and the vicinity abounds with diversified and highly picturesque scenery. The manufacture of nails, traces, gun-barrels, and various other articles in iron, is carried on to a considerable extent 3 and there are mines of coal in the township, but from the unfavour- able inclination of the strata, none are worked. The Dudley canal passes at the distance of about two miles. There is a remarkable salt spring about a mile from the village, and an attempt was made to introduce the manufacture of salt, but without success 3 the water was subsequently analysed, and found to be strongly impreg- nated with sulphate of soda, magnesia, and other mineral substances 3 and warm and cold baths were erected on the spot, now called Cradley Spa, and, from the beauty of its situation, much frequented. The living is a per- petual curacy 5 net income, £1163 patrons and impro- priators, certain Trustees. The chapel was erected about the year 1789, and is situated on the brow of a hill commanding an agreeable prospect. There are places of worship for Baptists, Wesleyans, and Unita- rians 3 and a national school is supported. In a large wood, called Cradley Park, are vestiges of a moat, which formerly surrounded some ancient building. CRADLEY, WEST, a township, in the parish of Cradley, union of Bromyard, hundred of Radlow, county of Hereford, 7 miles (N. by E.) from Ledbury. Here is an endowed school. CRAFTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Wing, union of Leighton-Buzzard, hundred of Cottesloe, county of Buckingham 3 containing 83 inhabitants. CRAIKE, or Crayke {St. Cuthbebt), a parish, in the union of Easingwould, S. W. division of Stockton ward, county of Durham, though locally in the wapen- take of Bulmer, N. riding of York (in which it is in- cluded for election purposes), 3 miles (E. hy N.) from Easingwould 3 containing 579 inhabitants. Egfrid, King of Northumbria, in 685, gave this place, with land ex- tending three miles round it, to St. Cuthbert : a mo- nastery is mentioned by Simeon of Durham as existing here, at the time of the Danish invasion in 883, when the bones of St. Cuthbert were brought to Craike, villam vocahulo Crecam, for refuge. Etha, a hermit, lived here at an earlier period, and is noticed as a famous saint, by the same authority. The parish comprises by measure- ment 2/56 acres, about three-fifths of which are arable, and the remainder pasture, with the exception of 10 acres of plantation. Above the village, on an eminence, 696 stand the ruins of Craike Castle, probably built by Bishop Pudsey in Stephen’s reign, now converted into a farm- house : the estate, which was in the hands of the bishops of Lind i star ne first, and of Durham after the removal of the see, from the time of St. Cuthbert to the prelacy of Bishop Van Mildert, was sold by the latter, by virtue of an act of parliament. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10, and in the patronage of the Bishop of Ripon : the tithes have been commuted for £678, and the glebe comprises 52 acres, to which there is a good residence. The church is a neat edifice of the fifteenth century, with a tower. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. The ruined castle is a pictu- resque object to the country around, commanding a view, which is only bounded by the horizon of the plain of York, and extending to the wolds of the East riding, and the hills of Craven on either side. CRAKEHALL, a township, in the parish and union of Bedale, w^apentake of Hang-East, N. riding of York, mile (N. W. by W.) from Bedale 3 containing, with Rands-Grange, 576 inhabitants. The village forms a spacious quadrangle, inclosing an extensive and plea- sant green, ornamented with stately trees ; on which stands a district church, built by subscription, in 1839, at the cost of £1000, of which sum £300 were con- tributed by the Church Building and Ripon Diocesan Societies : the district assigned includes Crakehall, Langthorne, and East Brompton. There are places of worship for Baptists and Wesleyans. CRAKEHILL, with Elmer, a towmship, in the parish of Topcliffe, union of Thirsk, wapentake of Birdforth, N. riding of York, 6^ miles (N. N. E.) from Boroughbridge 5 containing 93 inhabitants. In this township are about 300 acres of land : the river Swale passes on the west at a short distance from the hamlet. CRAKEMARSH, a township, in the parish and union of Uttoxeter, S. division of the hundred of Totmonslow, N. division of the county of Stafford, 2;^ miles (N. by E.) from Uttoxeter. CRAMBE (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Malton, wapentake of Bulmer, N. riding of York 3 containing, with the townships of Barton-le-Willows, Crambe, and Whitwell-on-the-Hill, 6 10 inhabitants, of whom 191 are in the township of Crambe, 1 mile (S. E.) from Whitwell. The parish is bounded by the river Derwent on the east, and situated one mile from the York and Scarborough turnpike-road, and comprises 4000 acres, of which the portions of arable, and of mea- dow and woodland, are nearly equal ; the soil is generally rich, the surface undulated, and the scenery very pleas- ing and picturesque. Stone is quarried for building purposes and burning into lime. The river is crossed by a stone bridge of three arches. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9. 1 . 8. 3 net income, £1803 patron and appropriator. Archbishop of York. The church is an ancient structure with a square tower, and containing a handsome font. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and a parochial school, built by Colonel Cholmley, is partly supported by Mrs. Cholmley. There is a chalybeate spring, but of weak power. CRAMLINGTON, a parochial chapelry, in the union of Tynemouth, E. division of Castle ward, S. division of Northumberland, 5 miles (N. W.) from Earsdon3 C R A N C R A N containing 2657 inhabitants. It comprises by measure- ment 3357 acres, of which 2640 are arable, 6OO pasture, and 110 woodland 3 the surface presents the appearance of a ridge, having a descent both to the north and south 3 the soil is strong, and for the most part wet, unless where drained, owing to a bed of blue clay, from 30 to 110 feet in depth, lying immediately beneath. The views are very extensive : to the south and west are seen the churches and buildings of Newcastle, and the valley of the Tyne 5 on the east the ports of Seaton Sluice and Blyth, and the sea 3 and to the north the Simonside hills 5 and on a clear day the Cheviots, dis- tant 50 miles, may be distinguished, although im- perfectly. Arcot House, the seat of G, S. Storey, Esq., and the mansion of Edward Potter, Esq., colliery viewer and managing partner at Cramlington colliery, are among the principal residences. The chapelry is inter- sected by the Newcastle and Bedlington road, and the great north road passes to the west, within one mile of the village, which is situated on a pleasant slope, and has gradually risen to its present improved state from the period of opening the adjacent coal-mines, the pro- duce whereof is conveyed by a private railway to the river Tyne, near Howden Pans. From the Cramlington colliery, first opened in 1824, the original and well- known ‘^West Hartley” coal is procured, which is un- rivalled for the use of steam-engines, and is exported in large quantities to distant parts of Europe and Asia : from the West Cramlington, which was commenced in 1838, Buddie’s West Hartley” is obtained, of the same quality, and used for the same purposes as the original West Hartley 3” and both, which are in full operation, employ about 1200 hands. Excellent freestone, also, is in abundance. The living is a perpetual curacy, with a net income of £66, and in the gift of Sir M. W. Ridley, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for £635, of which £266. 13. 4. are payable to the Bishop of Carlisle, a similar sum to the Dean and Chapter, and £102 to Sir M. W. Ridley, as impropriator. The chapel, dedicated to St. Nicholas, is a long rectangular building, and was enlarged about 50 years since, at a cost of £400, almost entirely defrayed by Sir M. W. Ridley, G. S. Storey, Esq., and Mansfelt De Cardonnel Lawson, Esq., who, in 1835, sold his estate here to the present proprietor, Thomas Taylor, Esq. : it is about to be rebuilt. There are places of worship for Primitive Methodists and Wesleyans. In the black shale which usually forms the roof of each seam of coal in the mines, shells of the class unto are frequently met with, while palrri(Ey ferncB, and equisetcE are not uncommon : the water from the mines holds in solution carbonate of iron. CRANAGE, a township, in the parish of Sandbach, union of Congleton, hundred of Northwich, S. divi- sion of the county of Chester, 3f miles (E. N. E.) from Middlewich 3 containing 512 inhabitants. In the reign of Henry VI. a bridge of stone was erected across the river Dane at this place, at the expense of Sir John Nedham, but a few years ago it gave place to the present structure, which is built of wood, from a design by Mr. Harrison, of Chester. Thomas Hall, Esq., erected two schoolrooms, one of which he endowed with £10, and the other with £4, per annum. CRANBORNE (St. Bartholomew), a market-town and parish, in the union of Wim borne and Cran- BORNE, chiefly in the hundred of Cranborne, but VoL. I.-— 697 partly in that of Monckton-up-Wimborne, Wlmborne division of Dorset, 30 miles (N. E. by E.) from Dor- chester, and 92 (W. S. W.) from London 3 containing 2551 inhabitants, and comprising the tythings of Alder- holt, Blagdon, Boveridge, Holwell, Monckton-up-Wim- borne with Oakley, and Verwood. This place, which is of great antiquity, derives its name from the Saxon Gren, a crane, and Burn, a river, either from the tortu- ous windings of a stream, which, rising in the parish, falls into the Stour, or from the number of cranes that frequented its banks. In 980, Ailward de Meaw founded here a Benedictine monastery, dedicated to St. Bartho- lomew ; but, in 1102, the abbot retired with his brethren to Tewkesbury, where Robert Fitz-Hamon had founded a magnificent abbey, to which the original establishment " became a cell. The old manor-house, being embattled, was called the Castle, and was the occasional residence of the king, when he came to hunt in Cranborne Chace, an extensive tract reaching almost to Salisbury : the chace courts were regularly held in it, in which was a room, called the dungeon, for the confinement of of- fenders against the chace laws. The town is pleasantly situated at the north-eastern extremity of the county, in the centre of a fine open expanse of champaign land ; the houses are in general neat and well-built, and the in- habitants are amply supplied with water. Ribbon- weaving formerly flourished here, but has declined, and the majority of the labouring class are employed in agriculture. The market is on Thursday 3 and fairs are held on Axig. 24th and Dec. 6th, for cheese and sheep. The town is within the jurisdiction of the county magis- trates, and is divided into the liberties of the ty thing, the priory, and the borough, for which a constable, tythingman, and bailiff, are appointed respectively. The parish is the largest in the county, and comprises 13,052a. Sp., whereof 5006 acres are arable, 2094 pas- ture, 1347 woodlands, and 4604 common and heath 5 the soil is chiefly chalk, gravel, and clay, of which last a species found at Crendall is used for making earthen- ware. The LIVING is a discharged vicarage, with the chapels of Verwood and Boveridge, valued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 4.3 net income, £151 3 patron and im- propriator, Marquess of Salisbury. The church, for- merly the conventual church of the priory, is an ancient structure, partly Norman, and partly in the early Eng- lish style, with a large and handsome tower in the later style, and a highly enriched Norman arch at the north- ern entrance 3 the pulpit is of oak, richly carved, and supported on a pedestal of stone 3 there are some remains of stained glass in the large window of the south aisle, representing the Virgin Mary and the heads of some of the saints, and in the chancel are monuments to the Hooper and Stillingfleet families. The chapel of Ver- wood was erected in 1829, and that at Boveridge has been rebuilt. The first stone of a handsome chapel, connected with the Establishment, was laid in Sept. 1841, at Alder wood, in the parish: the building has been completed at the expense of the Marquess of Salis- bury. There is a school in union with the National Society. An almshouse was founded and endowed, in 1661, by Thomas Hooper, Esq., for three single persons, which number is now increased to fiv^e. On Castle Hill, to the south of the town, is a circular fortification, con- sisting of two deep trenches and ramparts, and including an area of six acres, in which is a well 3 and in the en- 4 U C K A iN C K A N viroris are numerous barrows, of which some have been opened and found to contain urns with bones. The learned Bishop Stillingfleet was born here in 1635. Cranborne gives the title of Viscount to the Marquess of Salisbury. CRANBROOKE {St. Dunstan), a market-town and parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Cranbrooke, Lower division of the lathe of Scray, W. division of Kent, 7 miles (E.) from Lamberhurst, and 48 (S. E. by E.) from London 5 containing 3996 in- habitants. This place, anciently Cranebroke, derives its name from its situation on a brook called the Crane. When the manufacture of woollen-cloth was introduced into England by Edward III., it was principally carried on in the Weald of Kent, and Cranbrooke, situated in the centre of that district, became, and continued to be for centuries, a very flourishing town, and the chief seat of the clothing trade, by the removal of which into the counties of Gloucester and Somerset, within the last sixty years, its trading importance has been almost an- nihilated. The TOWN consists chiefly of one wide street, extending three-quarters of a mile in length, from which a smaller street branches off at right angles 5 it is indif- ferently paved, but contains some well-built houses, and is lighted with gas, and amply supplied with water. The trade is now^ principally in hops and corn, which is carried on to a considerable extent 3 and there is a small manufactory for making hop-bagging, sacking, 8ic. The market is on Wednesday, and there is also a cattle market on alternate Wednesdays. The market-house, a neat octagonal building, supported on double columns at the angles, and surmounted by a cupola, was erected by the late William Coleman, Esq., a great benefactor to the town. The fairs are on May 30th and Sept. 29th, for horses and cattle, the latter being also the great hop fair. The LIVING is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £19. 19. 4^. patron, the Archbishop j appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Canterbury. The great tithes have been commuted for £994, and the vicarial for £64. 16. 5. ; the appropriate glebe consists of 52 acres, and there is one acre of vicarial glebe, with a house. The church is a spacious handsome structure, in the later English style, with a square embattled tower : in the year 1725, one of the columns giving way, a part of the church fell down 5 it w^as repaired at an expense of £2000. A church has been erected in the hamlet of Milkhouse-street, by subscription, aided by a grant from the commissioners, and endowed with more than £1000 5 it was consecrated in Sept. 1838, and the living is a per- petual curacy, in the patronage of Trustees. There are places of worship for Particular Baptists, Huntingtoni- ans, Independents, Wesleyans, and Unitarians. The free grammar school was founded, in 1574, by Simon Lynch, Esq., and endowed by Queen Elizabeth with land, producing at present about £140 per annum, which has been augmented by benefactions to £300 per annum. A writing school was founded, in 1573, by Alexander Dence, who endowed it with a house for the master, a schoolroom, and the interest of £l60. There is a na- tional school, towards the erection of which the Society .granted £130 5 and an infants’ school, in connexion with the church in Milkhouse-street, has been erected by subscription, on a site granted by the Earl Corn- wallis. The poor law union of Cranbrooke comprises 6 parishes, and contains a population of 13,163. In 698 Milkhouse-street are the remains of an ancient chapel, dedicated to the Holy Trinity. There are several mineral springs in the vicinity, the properties of which are si- milar to those of Tonbridge-Wells. Sir Richard Baker, author of the English Chronicles, was born in the parish, about the year 1568, at Sissinghurst Castle, which was used as a receptacle for French prisoners during the late war 3 and William Huntington, founder of the sect called Huntingtonians, and who died in 1813, was born at a place in the parish named “The Four Wents.” CRANFIELD {St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in the union of Ampthill, hundred of Redbornestoke, county of Bedford, 7 miles (W. N. W.) from Ampthill ; containing 1371 inhabitants. It comprises by measure- ment 3933 acres, of which the soil is generally light, and in parts clayey : some persons are employed in the lace manufacture. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £33. 2. I.5 net income, £3765 patron and incumbent. Rev. J. Beard. The tithes were commuted for 69*2 acres of land, under an inclosure act, in 1837. The church is a handsome structure, in the early and decorated English styles. There are places of worship for Baptists and Wesleyans 5 and a school, endowed with £20, arising from land, is con- ducted on the national system. A chalybeate spring rises in the parish. Cranfield gives the inferior title of Baron to the Duke of Dorset. CRANFORD {St. Dunstan), a parish, in the union of Staines, hundred of Elthorne, county of Middle- sex, 2^ miles (N. VV. by W.) from Hounslow j contain- ing 370 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the river Colne, over which is a bridge at the village, which from that circumstance takes the name of Cranford- Bridge ; it comprises by measurement 721 acres, whereof about 323 are arable. The Great Western railway passes about three-quarters of a mile to the north of the church. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £16, and in the patronage of the Countess of Berkeley : the tithes have been commuted for £250, and the glebe comprises 13 acres. The church was built previously to the time of Henry VIII., and contains portions of different styles. CRANFORD {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Kettering, hundred of Huxloe, N. division of the county of Northampton, miles (E. by S.) from Kettering ; containing 257 inhabitants. It is bounded on the south by Cranford- St. John, and consists of 1089 acres. Lace-making is carried on by females. Good limestone abounds. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 9. 7. 5 net income, £150 ; patron and incumbent, the Rev. Sir G. Robinson, Bart. This benefice was consolidated with that of the adjoining parish of Cranford- St. John, by an order in council, of the 21st of Aug. 1841 : the tithes have been commuted for land, under an inclosure act, and the glebe contains about 100 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church has been lately repaired and beautified at the expense of the rector. CRANFORD {St. John), a parish, in the union of Kettering, hundred of Huxloe, N. division of the county of Northampton, 4 miles (E. S. E.) from Ket- tering; containing 341 inhabitants. This parish is in- tersected by the road from Kettering to Thrapston, and the navigable river Nene runs within two miles of its eastern boundary : it comprises 1149 acres. Good lime- C R.A^N C R A N stone is abundant. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £1^3 net income, £198. The church has been lately thoroughly repaired and beauti- fied at the expense of the rector. CRANHAM {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Romford, hundred of Chafford, S. division of Essex, 4 miles (S. E. by E.) from Romford 3 containing 280 in- habitants. This parish, which was formerly known by the names of Bishop’s-Ockingdon and Cravenhara, com- prises 18/5a. 22p., whereof upwards of 1000 acres are arable, 647 meadow and pasture, and 91 woodland; the surface rises towards the north : the soil is stiff and clayey in some parts, and in others of lighter quality. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 13. 4*, and in the patronage of St. John’s College, Oxford : the tithes have been commuted for £560 ; and the glebe comprises 36 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is an ancient edifice, containing some old monuments. There is a small school in union with the National Society. CRANHAM (St, James), a parish, in the union of Stroud, hundred of Rapsgate, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 2^ miles (N. E. by E.) from Painswick ; containing 428 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 1823 acres. A few persons are em- ployed in the manufacture of earthenware ; and there are quarries of stone of good quality for building, and also for paving. The road from Cheltenham to Bath passes by the north-west, and that from Cheltenham to Stroud on the south, of the parish. The living is a dis- charged rectory, consolidated with that of Brimpsfield, and valued in the king’s books at £6. 6. 8. : the tithes of Cranham have been commuted for £l62. The church is a neat ancient structure. There is a place of worship for Baptists ; and a parochial school is supported by subscription. CRANLEY (St, Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Hambledon, Second division of the hundred of Black- heath, W. division of Surrey, 8 miles (S. W.) from Guildford, on the road to Brighton ; containing 1357 inhabitants. The parish comprises about 8000 acres, of which 4500 are arable, upwards of 500 meadow and pasture, and 3000 in about equal portions of woodland and waste : the village extends for more than a mile over the common. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £20. 18. ij. ; net income, £1195; patron, F. Sapte, Esq. The church is a large and handsome edifice, in the ancient ^English style, having a richly ornamented chapel, inclosed with curious and elegant lattice work, at the termination of each aisle. There is a parochial school. At Vatchery are foundations, en- compassed by a moat, of the ancient baronial residence of the lords of Shire ; and near it is a large reservoir df water, comprising about 70 acres, for supplying the Wey and Arun Junction canal, which passes through the parish. Cranley gives the title of Viscount to. the Earl of Onslow. CRANMORE, EAST (St, James), a parish, in the union of Shepton-Mallet, hundred of Frome, E. divi- sion of Somerset, 4;^ miles (E.) from Shepton-Mallet ; containing 66 inhabitants. The living is annexed to the vicarage of Doulting ; impropriator, J. M. Paget, Esq. : the vicarial tithes have been commuted for £71. 4. 6. The district which now comprises East and West Cranmore, was, exempted from all suit and service 699 to the hundred courts, and raised into a liberty by Henry I. The inhabitants bury at West Cranmore. CRANMORE, WEST (St. Bartholomew) , a parish, in the union of Shepton-Mallet, hundred of Wells- Forum, E. division of Somerset, 3j miles (E.) from SheptonrMallet ; containing 319 inhabitants. It is situ- ated on the road from Wells to Frome, and comprises 1S67«. lip. : there are quarries of good freestone. The living is annexed to the vicarage of Doulting ; impro- priator, R. C. Strode, Esq. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for £145, and the glebe comprises nearly 53 acres : a rent- charge of £1.5. is paid to the impropriator. The church is a handsome structure, in the later English style. A national school is supported by subseription. CRANOE (St, Michael), a parish, in the union of Market-PIarborough, hundred of Gartree, S. divi- sion of the county of Leicester, 6 miles (N. N. E.) from Harborough; containing 137 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 16. 8.; net income, £181 ; patron, Earl of Cardigan. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, in 1825. CRANSFORD (St, Peter), a parish, in the union and hundred of Plomesgate, E. division of Suffolk, 3 miles (E. N. E.) from' Framlingham ; containing 303 inhabitants, and comprising by computation 1000 acres. The living is a discharged vicarage, vgilued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 4.; and in the patronage of Mrs. Chevallier : the tithes have been commuted for £330, and the glebe consists of 44. acres. There is a school in union with the National Society. CRANSLEY (St, Andrew), a parish, in the union of Kettering, hundred of Orlingbury, N. division of the county of Northampton, 3 miles (W. S. W.) from Kettering ; containing, with the hamlet of Little Crans- ley, 319 inhabitants, and consisting of 2046a. Ir. 24p. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 5. ; net income, £78 ; patron and impro- priator, J.^ C. Rose, Esq. The glebe contains about 40 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is a handsome structure, beautifully situated in the midst of rich woodland scenery; the tower has crocketed pinna- cles, and is surmounted with a spire ; the interior con- tains monuments and tablets to the Rose family, and also to the family of Sir J. Robinson, lords of the manor. A school was founded, in 1824, by the Rev. G. Ander- son, vicar, who erected an. appropriate building, and endowed it with a rent-charge of £25. CRANTOCK (St. Cadock), a parish, in the union of St. Columb Major, hundred of Pyder, W. division of Cornwall, 1 mile (S. W.) from New Quay ; contain- ing 450 inhabitants. Thfs parish comprises by measure- ment 2465 acres, and is bounded on the north by the Bristol Channel : it has a small harbour at the mouth of the river Gannel, which runs through the parish, where a number of vessels discharge their cargoes of coal ; and sand, coal, slates, and various articles of mer- chandize are carried in barges about three miles up the river. The living is a perpetual cui'acy; net income, £78; patron and impropriator. Sir J. B. Y. Buller, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for £380, and the glebe consists, of 33 acres. The church is very an- cient, and has a chancel unusually large in proportion to the nave ; the arches and the principal parts of the tower are built of sandstone ; the font bears the date of 4 U 2 C R A S C R A T 1474. In the time of Edward the Confessor, the place was made collegiate for secular canons, who continued till the Dissolution, when the revenue of £89. 15. 8. was divided amongst the dean, nine prebendaries, and four vicars-choral. There is a stone coffin in the churchyard, which covers an area of three acres : when- ever the ground in the vicinity is dug up for founda- tions, or any excavation made, an immense number of human skeletons are found. There are two places of worship for Wesleyans. CRANWELL (St, Andrew), a parish, in the union of Sleaford, hundred of Flaxwell, parts of Keste- YEN, county of Lincoln, 4 miles (N. W.) from Sleaford j containing 230 inhabitants. This parish is situated about half a mile west of the great north road, and comprises by computation 2506a. Sr. SOp., nearly all arable. The wide extent of fiat ground to the west and north, formerly covered with heath, and the open level of rich land to the east, before sprinkled with fen, are now well cultivated. The surface in some parts towards the south is undulated, and the soil in general through- out the parish a stiff clay, surrounded by heathy land. There are several quarries of stone of the oolite forma- tion, with which most of the houses in the neighbour- hood are built. The living is a discharged vicarage 5 net income, £1995 patron. Bishop of Lincoln; impro- priator, Sir J. E. Thorold, Bart. The glebe, which is chiefly in the parish of North Ranceby, contains about 230 acres. The church is a small structure, with heavy Norman pillars and arches. CRANWICH {St. Mary) , a parish, in the union of Thetford, hundred of Grimshoe, W. division of Nor- folk, 6 miles (N.) from Brandon ; containing 108 inha- bitants. The parish comprises 1800 acres, of which 1000 are arable, 400 meadow and pasture, 100 woodland, and 200 heath. The living is a discharged rectory, with the vicarage of Methwold annexed, valued in the king’s books at £8. 9. 7. 5 net income, £450 ; patron. Lord Berners. The tithes have been commuted for £180, and there is a glebe-house, with 19^ acres of land. The original church was a very ancient structure, supposed to have been erected by Harold, one of whose freemen held a moiety of this place in the time of Edward the Confes- sor; the present structure is chiefly in the early English style, with a circular tower, and contains, in the chancel, a piscina, and some monuments to the Partridge family. A small school is supported. CRANWORTH {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Mitford and Latjnditch, hundred of Mitford, W. division of Norfolk, 2 miles (S. S. E.) from Shipdham ; containing 340 inhabitants. The parish is bounded on the south by a tributary to the river Yare, and com- prises 1127 acres, of which 809 are arable, 279 pasture, and 5 woodland. The living is a rectory, with that of Letton consolidated, valued in the king’s books at £5. 18. 65., and in the gift of T. T. Gurdon, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £214. 8., and the glebe comprises 28 acres, with a handsome rectory-house. The church is in the early and later English styles, with a square tower surmounted by a neat spire ; there are several monuments to the Gurdon family. A school is. supported by subscription. About 11 acres of land are let to the poor by the rector, in small allotments. CRASSWALL, a chapelry, in the parish of Clodock, union of Dore, hundred of Ewyaslacy, county of 700 PIereford, 5 miles (S. E.) from Hay; containing 3/4 inhabitants. This place comprises by measurement 5116 acres, of which 4007 are inclosed land, consisting of arable and pasturage, with a small portion of wood, and the remaining parts are mountain and common, afford- ing pasturage for sheep and cattle : it is situated on the borders of Brecknockshire, among the Black mountains, and near the source of the Munnow river. There is a quarry of fine stone in the neighbourhood. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £47 5 patron. Vicar of Clodock. The chapel is dedicated to St. Mary. About the close of the reign of King John, a monastery was founded here, probably by Walton de Lacy, for a prior and ten religious of the order of Grand mont, in Normandy : at the seizure of alien priories it was valued at 40s. per annum, and granted, in the 2nd of Edward IV., to God’s House, now Christ’s College, Cambridge. CRASTER, a township, in the parish of Embleton, union of Alnwick, S. division of Bambrough ward, N. division of Northumberland, 6^ miles (N. E.) from Alnwick ; containing 247 inhabitants. In 1272 the manor was held by William de Craucestr’, by the service of half a knight’s fee, and it has continued in his family to the present time; his descendants in the 14th cen- tury altered their name to Craster. Craster Tower, the seat of Thomas Wood Craster, Esq., is surrounded with plantations, and commands fine land and sea views. The village, which is called Craster Sea-Houses, is situated on the coast of the North Sea. CRATFIELD {St. Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Blything, E. division of Suffolk, 7 miles (W. S. W.) from Hales worth ; containing 720 inhabit- ants, and comprising by measurement 1735 acres. The living is a discharged vicarage, with that of Laxfield annexed, valued in the king’s books at £5.7. il.., and in the gift of the Rev. E. Holland : the impropriate tithes, belonging to the Hudson family, have been commuted for £403, and the vicarial for £115 ; there is a glebe-house, with about 6 acres of land. The church, which is chiefly in the later English style, consists of nave, chancel, and side aisles, with an embattled tower ; the font has some curious sculptures, representing Scriptural sub- jects. There is a place of worship for Independents. A national school was endowed with £9. 6. 8. per annum, under the will of Mrs. Mary Leman, dated 1805 ; and there are town lands, which let for about £200 per annum, applied .to the repairs of the church, and to general purposes. CRATHORNE {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Stokesley, W. division of the liberty of Lang- baurgh, N. riding of the county of York, 4 miles (S. S. E.) from Yarm ; containing 304 inhabitants. This place, which, is in the district called Cleveland, and situated on the western side of the vale of the river Leven, anciently belonged to the Crathorne family, who were settled here for many generations, and of whom Sir William Crathorne, Knt., died in the early part of the 14th century. The parish comprises about 2450 acres, of which 1722 are arable, and in good cultivation, 500 meadow and pasture, and 200 woodland and planta- tions : the surface is generally level ; the scenery en- riched with wood, and in many situations very pleasing; and the soil near the village, and on the . banks of the Leven, which here abounds in trout, is a gravelly loam, but in most other parts a poor clay. Good white free- CRAW CRAW stone, used for building purposes, is obtained from the bed of the river. The village, which is neatly built, is situated on the road to Thirsk : many of the inhabit- ants were formerly em|)loyed in the linen manufacture, which was carried on to a considerable extent, and there was also a spacious bleach-ground in the parish. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 10 . 11 . 10 |., and in the patronage of Mrs. Tasburgh, with a net income of £205. The church is a small an- cient structure, in the chancel of which is the recumbent effigy of a knight, supposed to be that of Sir William Crathorne. There is a Roman Catholic chapel, origin- ally founded by the Crathorne family, and rebuilt about 1825. Thomas Baxter, in 1769 ^ gave the interest of £74 for the education of children, and which now aids a parochial school supported by subscription. The Rev. Ralph Grenside, the rector, exclusively supports a Sunday school. Near the village is a chalybeate spring. CRAWCROOK, a township, in the parish of Ryton, union of Gateshead, W. division of Chester ward, N. division of the county of Durham, 7 miles (W.) from Newcastle-on-Tyne j containing 290 inhabitants. This place was formerly, in part, the property of the Horsleys, of Horsley, in Northumberland, from whom it pas.sed by marriage, in the l 6 th century, to the family of Carnaby, who sold it in small parcels to various persons : the remaining portion was once part of the possessions of the Hospital of St. Giles of Kepyer, and on the Dissolution, was transferred to the Cockburnes, from whom it descended to the families of Heath, Watson, and others. The township is intersected by the railway from Newcastle to Carlisle, and bounded on the north by the river Tyne, from which the land gradually rises, commanding pleasing view’s, and being for the most part undulated j the soil is of good quality, producing turnips and excellent barley, for which latter the district is celebrated. A coal mine was opened in 1820, but is not in operation j and there are two water corn-mills. Craw crook townfields, consisting of 700 acres, were divided by act of parliament in 1794. The tithes have been commuted for £236. The Wesleyans and Presbyterians have places of worship here j and there are schools for boys and girls, the master of which has £30, and the mistress £20, per annum, each with a house and garden, Mr. Simpson having left the interest of £1000 to the institution : a new school-house for the boys was erected in 1840. CRAWFORD-TARRANT (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Blandford, hundred of Badbury, Wim- borne division of Dorset, 4 miles (S. E. by E.) from Blandford-Forum 3 containing, with Preston, 67 inha- bitants, and comprising about 1000 acres. The living is a donative 3 net income, £50 5 patron and impropria- tor, J. S. W. S. E. Drax, Esq. Richard Poor, succes- sively Bishop of Chichester, Salisbury, and Durham, founded, about 1230, an abbey of Cistercian nuns, in honour of the blessed Virgin and All Saints : at the Dissolution its revenue was estimated at £239. 11. 10 . CRAWLEY, a township, in the parish of Egling- ham, union of Alnwick, N. division of Cociuetdale ward and of Northumberland, 9 :|-miles (W. N. W.) from Alnwick 5 containing 20 inhabitants. It was anciently called Crawlawe, from Caer-law, a fortified hill. Craw- ley Tower, a Roman structure, stands on an eminence 701 near an old and strong intrenchment, which is thought to be the Alauna Amnis of Richard of Cirencester, though some place this station at Alnwick, and others at Glan- ton : it commands a fine view of the vale of Whitting- ham, with the river Breamish, from its source to Horton Castle 3 and there are the remains of no less than seven British and Saxon fortifications within four miles round the spot. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £6. 10 ., and the vicarial for 65. 6d, CRAWLEY, a hamlet, in the parish and union of Witney, hundred of Bampton, county of Oxford, 1|- mile (N. W. by N.) from Witney 3 containing 252 inha- bitants, of whom a few are employed in the manufacture of blankets. It comprises 1116 acres, of which 504 are arable, 76 pasture, 410 woodland, and the remainder waste. The tithes have been commuted for £205. CRAWLEY (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of New Winchester, hundred of Buddlesgate, Win- chester and N. divisions of the county of South- ampton, 4 miles (E.) from Stockbridge 3 containing, with the chapelry of Hunton, 483 inhabitants, of whom 372 are in that portion of the parish exclusively of the cha- pelry. It comprises about 3490 acres, of which 2803 are arable, 420 meadow and down, and 257 wood. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £35. 13. 4., and in the gift of the Bishop of Winchester ; the tithes have been commuted for £657. 10., and the glebe comprises 10 acres. The church has been re- paired at an expense of £ 270 , towards which the Bishop of the diocese contributed £50, the rector £200, and the parishioners £ 20 . There is a school on the national plan. A silver coin, of the reign of Elizabeth, was dug up in 1839. CRAWLEY (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of East Grinstead, hundred of Butting- hill, rape of Lewes, E. division of Sussex, 9 ^ miles (N. by W.) from Cuckfield 3 containing 449 inhabitants. The parish comprises 769of. 2 r., of which 185 acres are arable, 119 pasture, 129 plantations, and 318 waste. It is a post town, situated on the road from London to Brighton, and consists of one wide street, in which stands a remarkably fine old elm-tree of immense girth : the houses on the west side of the village are in the parish of Ifield. Fairs for horned-cattle are held on May 8 th and September 29 th. The living is a dis- charged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £ 6 . 15., and in the gift of Col. Clitherow : the tithes have been commuted for £86. 14., and the glebe contains nearly 29 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is partly in the decorated and partly in the later English style 3 a gallery was erected in 1827. There is a paro- chial school near the village, erected in 1831, at a cost of £300. CRAWLEY, HUSBORN, county of Bedford. — See Husborn-Crawley. CRAWLEY, NORTH (St, Firm in), a parish, in the union of Newport-Pagnell, hundred of Newport, county of Buckingham, 3^ miles (E. by N.) from New- port-Pagnell 3 containing 865 inhabitants. The manor is the property of the Lowndes family, to whom it was conveyed about the year 1710 , and the advowson after- wards in 1723 . The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £27. 10 ., and in the patronage of Wil- liam Selby Lowndes, Esq. : the tithes were commuted for land in 1780 . The church has been enlarged by the CRAY CRAY addition of 106 free sittings. A monastery, dedicated to St. Firmin, is mentioned in Domesday book as having been founded here before the time of Edward the Confessor, and was in existence after the Con- quest. CRAY {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Bromley, hundred of Ruxley, lathe of Sutton-at- Hone, W. division of Kent, 2 miles (S. by W.) from Foot’s-Cray 3 containing 997 inhabitants. The district of the Crays, so called from the river Cray, which runs through it, is reckoned one of the most beautiful tracts in Kent, and produces a vast quantity of birch : it com- prehends four parishes, distinguished by their prefixes, of which St. Mary’s w'as the most considerable, and had the privilege of a market in the reign of Edward 1. 5 but the market-house having been destroyed by a tempest in 1703, the market has not since been held. The living is annexed to the vicarage of Orpington : the church contains several ancient brasses and some me- morials of the Mannings. A school was established in 1710 j and Sir Thomas Dyke, in 1816, erected another, which is on the national system, and is endowed with a farm at Edenbridge, bequeathed, in 1715, by Catherine Withens. CRAY, FOOT’S {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Bromley, hundred of Ruxley, lathe of Sutton-at- Hone, W. division of Kent, miles (S. E.) from London ; containing 358 inhabitants. This place pro- bably derived its name from Fot or Vot, its proprietor in the time of Edward the Confessor, and from the river Cray, which runs by the eastern end of the village, there turns an extensive paper-mill, and then directs its course towards North Cray. The parish comprises by measure- ment 798 acres, of which about 380 are arable, 300 meadow and pasture, and 66 woodland. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8.3. 4., and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for £264, and the glebe comprises 2 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is a small plain building, supposed to be of high antiquity. A national school was established in 1815, to which the Rev. Francis Wollaston left £200 five per cents. 3 and Benjamin Harence, Esq., in 1817, gave a portion of land whereon a school-house had been previously erected. CRAY, NORTH {St. James), a parish, in the union of Bromley, hundred of Ruxley, lathe of Sutton-at- Hone, W. division of Kent, 1 mile (N.by E.) from Foot’s- Cray 3 containing 517 inhabitants. The parish is si- tuated on the road from London to Maidstone, and comprises about 1444 acres 3 it is pleasingly diversified with villas and well cultivated domains, of which North Cray Place and Mount Mascall are the principal. In 1723, a subterraneous fire broke out, and the inhabit- ants for several days afterwards employed themselves with waggons in conveying water from Bexley, for the purpose of quenching the flames. A small fancy fair is held on the 29th May. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 9. 9|., and in the gift of Lord Bexley : the tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of £392, and the glebe comprises 48 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church, a small build- ing, is said to have been formerly the chapel of a monastery which stood on the site of the present North Cray Place. Ip 177d, Mrs. Hetherington bequeathed 702 £100 for a school. The Rev. W. Hetherington gave five almshouses and a sum of money for repairs, on which the dividends now amount to £13. 6. 2. per annum 3 two of the houses are occupied by the schoolmaster and the parish clerk, and the others by industrious poor persons. CRA.Y, ST. PAUL’S {St. Paulinus), a parish, in the union of Bromley, hundred of Ruxley, lathe of Sutton-at-Hone, W. division of Kent, 1 mile (S.) from Foot’s-Cray 3 conttiining 564 inhabitants. This place is situated on the small stream of the Cray, which, here turns a paper-mill, employing about 30 men and 40 women : the parish comprises about I7OO acres., The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 13. 4., and in the gift of Viscount Sydney : the tithes have been commuted for £486, and the glebe contains upwards of 12 acres, with a glebe-house. The church has some interesting specimens of architecture, and is supposed to have been built about the middle of the 13th century, and its vestry, part of the walls of which are of Roman brick, to have been anciently a chapel. There is a place of worship for Wesley ans. In a wood near Paul’s Cray Common is a strong chalybeate spring, formerly of some repute in the neighbourhood, but now almost entirely disused 3 its waters resemble those of Tonbridge- Wells. Lord Wynford resides at the seat called Leesons, in the parish, which is delightfully situated on the border of the common, commanding fine and extensive views over the country towards Essex. CRAYFORD {St. Paulinus), a parish (formerly a market-town), in the union of Dartford, hundred of Lessness, lathe of Sutton-at-Hone, W. division of Kent, 13 miles (E. by S.) from London 3 containing, with the hamlets of Northend and Slade- Green, 2408 inhabitants. This place is so called from Creccanford, an ancient ford on the river Creccan, now Cray. In the immediate vicinity some antiquaries have placed the Roman station Noviomagus, near w^hich a great battle was fought, in 457, between Hengist the Saxon and the British king Vortimer, which ended in the secure estab- lishment of the kingdom of Kent under the rule of the former. The parish comprises by measurement 2458 acres 3 the surface is varied with hill and dale 3 the soil in general is gravel, resting in some parts on strata of loam, beneath which is chalk. The river Cray flows through the parish in two separate branches, and the meadows in its vicinity are occasionally subject to inun- dation : upon its banks are several extensive establish- ments for printing calico, silk, and chalis, and a very large flour-mill. The village consists of an irregularly formed street, branching off from the London and Dart- ford road. One of the archbishops of Canterbury, who formerly had possessions here, procured a weekly market on Tuesday, and a fair on our Lady’s Nativity 3 the market has long been disused, but a fair is still held on the 8th of September. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £35. 13. 4., and in the gift of Thomas Austin, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £850, and the glebe comprises nearly 57 acres, to which there is a house. The church, which stands on an eminence at the upper end of the village, is a plain structure, adorned with an elegant altar-piece. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists 3 and a na- tional school is endowed with the interest of £180 three per cents. In the parish are many ancient caves, of which C R E A C R E D some are from fifteen to twenty fathoms deep, increasing in circumference from the mouth downwards, and con- taining several large apartments, supported by pillars of chalk : it is conjectured that they were used as places of security for the families and moveable goods of the Saxons, during their wars wuth the Britons. The manor- house, which was built and occupied by Sir Cloudesley Shovel, is now tenanted by a farmer. CREACOMBE {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of South Molton, hundred of Witheridge, South Molton and N. divisions of Devon, miles (S. E. by E.) from South Molton ; containing 58 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 18. 9., and in the gift of the Rev. W. Karslake : the tithes have been commuted for £44. 11. 6., and the glebe consists of 100 acres. CREAKE, NORTH {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Docking, hundred of Brothercross, W. divi- sion of Norfolk, 3 miles (S. E. by S.) from Burnham- Westgate^ containing 648 inhabitants. It comprises 3601a. Ir. 17p*» of which 3179 acres are arable, 1^26 pasture and meadow, and 69 woodland : the road from Fakenham to Burnham runs through the village. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £33. 6. 8., and in the gift of Earl Spencer and the Bishop of Norwich, alternately : the tithes have been commuted for £1025, and the glebe consists of 187 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church, which is in the decorated and later English styles, con- sists of a nave, chancel, and north aisle, with a square embattled tower ; on the south side of the chancel are three stone stalls, with a piscina of elegant workman- ship, and opposite is an altar-tomb, under a decorated canopy ; the font is very ancient, and on the floor of the nave is a fine brass memorial of a priest. There are places of worship for Wesleyans and Primitive Metho- dists ; also a national school, endowed with £10 per annum, by the late Mr. Herod. At Lingerscroft, between Creake and Burnham, Sir Robert de Narford, in 1206, founded a church, and subsequently a chapel and hos- pital, dedicated, in 1221, to St. Bartholomew, in which he placed a master, four chaplains, and thirteen poor lay brethren : this foundation soon afterw’ards acquired the distinction of a priory of Augustine canons, and, in the 15th of Henry HI., was elevated into an abbey : that monarch also confirmed the grant of a fair previously made, changing the period to the eve and festival of St. Thomas the Martyr ; and in the 14th of Edward I., the abbot claimed the right of holding four fairs annually at Creake. In consequence of the death of the abbot, and there being no convent to elect another, the abbey was dissolved, and its possessions were granted, in the 22nd of Henry YH., to the Countess of Richmond, by whom they were given to Christ’s College, Cambridge : remains of the choir and abbey still exist, and exhibit some very 'fine arches CREAKE, SOUTH {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Docking, hundred of Brothercross, W. di- vision of Norfolk, 4 miles (S. S. E.) from Burnham- West gate; containing 940 inhabitants. The place com- prises 4090a. 30p., of which nearly 3078 acres are arable, 273 pasture and meadow, 39 woodland, and 700 com- mon, used as a sheep-walk : the Fakenham road runs through the village. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £22, and in the gift of 703 the family of Townshend, the impropriators : the great tithes have been commuted for £675, and the vicarial for £440 ; the vicarial glebe contains 3 roods, to which there is a glebe-house. The church contains portions of the early, decorated, and later English styles, with a square tower. There is a place of worship for Independents. The sum of £100 per annum, derived from land, is partly applied to the relief of the poor, and partly in support of a national school, also aided by subscription. In the neighbourhood is a Saxon fortification, the way leading from which is called Blood-gate, from a dreadful slaughter made there in a battle between the Saxons and the Danes. CREATON, GREAT {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Brixworth, hundred of Guilsborough, S. division of the county of Northampton, 7i miles (N. N. W.) from Northampton ; containing 505 inhabit- ants. The parish is intersected by the road from North- ampton to Welford, and comprises 938 acres ; the soil is partly red sand, and partly loam, alternated with clay. Several of the population are employed in spinning, and in the making of lace. The village is built round a pleasant green, on the north side of a hill, at a short distance from the public road. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 1. 8., and in the gift of the Rev. E. T. Beynon : the tithes were commuted in 1782, for 148a. 3r. 37p. of land, now valued at £260 per annum. The church is situated on an eminence. There is a place of worship for Independents. In 1825, six cottages, for the accommodation of aged widows, were built on the green by the Rev. Thomas Jones, 40 years curate of the parish. There are some remains of Holmby House, where Charles I. suffered imprisonment. CREATON, LITTLE, a hamlet, in the parish of Spratton, union of Brixworth, hundred of Spelhoe, S. division of the county of Northampton, 7|- miles (N. N. W.) from Northampton ; containing 77 inhabit- ants, and comprising 333 acres. It is situated in the northern part of the parish, and close to the village of Great Creaton. CREDENHILL {St. Mary), a parish, in the hun- dred of Grimsworth, union and county of Hereford, 5 miles (N. W. by W.) from Hereford ; containing 192 inhabitants. The road from Hereford to Kington runs through the parish, which comprises by measurement 1215 acres; about 517 are arable, 500 meadow and pasture, and 170 woodland. The scenery is picturesque and beautiful ; the soil is a rich sandy loam, and the prevailing kinds of timber are elm and oak : there is a quarry of excellent stone on Creden Hill, not now in operation, but the material of which was formerly used for building castles and churches. The living is a dis- charged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £17. 19. 4., and in the gift and incumbency of the Rev. John Eckley, whose tithes have been commuted for £354, and, who has a glebe of 27 acres, with a house. The church is a strong ancient structure, in the later English style. On -the summit of a steep and lofty hill, the declivity of which is well wooded, are the remains of an almost in- accessible camp, having an outer and an inner trench, inclosing an area of about 50 acres, and supposed to have been constructed by the Romans, for the de- fence of their adjacent station at Kenchester, the Magna Castra of Antoninus : the view from it is one of the most extensive and beautiful in the county. C R E D C R E D CREDITON {Holy Cross), a market-town and parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of Cre- DiTON, and extending also into that of WestBudleigh, Crediton and N. divisions of Devon 3 comprising the tythingsof Cannon-Fee, Crediton, Knowle, Rudge, Town, Uford, Uton, and Woodland 5 and containing 6947 inhabitants, of whom *2245 are in the borough and tything of Crediton, 8 miles (N. W.) from Exeter, and 180 (W. by S.) from London. This place, which takes its name from its situation near the river Creedy, was for many years the seat of a diocese, of which a colle- giate church, founded here in 905, and dedicated to the Holy Cross, became the cathedral. In the reign of Canute, Levinus, Bishop of Crediton, prevailed upon that monarch, with ' whom he had great influence, to annex the see of St. Germans to that of Crediton, the united see having been removed to Exeter by Edward the Confessor, in 1049. A chapter, consisting of a dean and twelve prebendaries, continued to be maintained in the old collegiate church, under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Exeter, the revenue of which, at the Dissolu- tion, was £33^. 17. 6. : the church, with some lands belonging to it, was granted to twelve of the inhabitants, who were incorporated as governors thereof in the reign of Edward VI. In the reign of Edward I. this borough sent members to a parliament held at Carlisle 3 and, in 1310, Bishop Stapleton obtained for it a grant of a weekly market and three annual fairs. Towards the middle of the sixteenth century, the opponents of the Reformation assembled their troops at Crediton, but were compelled to withdraw by Sir Peter Carew, who was sent against them with a superior force. In 1644, Charles I. reviewed his soldiery at this town, which was subsequently held by the army under Sir Thomas Fair- fax. In 1743, a fire destroyed a considerable part of it 3 a similar calamity occurred in 17^9 3 and in 1840, a fire broke out in the eastern portion of the town, by which 22 houses were consumed. Crediton is pleasantly situated in a vale near the Creedy, which unites with the river Exe, between this place and Exeter : it is divided into two parts, east and west, of which the former, containing the church, is the more ancient, and the latter the more extensive 3 these have been connected by a line of road recently con- structed, and the town now consists chiefly of one main street, nearly a mile in length, containing low cottages at each extremity, with a few well-built houses in the centre. A new market-place has been erected in North- street, by J. W. Buller, Esq., lord of the manor, and many improvements have been made within the last few years, under an act obtained in 1836. Assemblies and concerts take place occasionally, during the winter, in a good assembly-room, conveniently fitted up. The fown has long been celebrated for the manufacture of serge, chiefly for exportation, but the business has much de- clined, and the principal trade is now in making coarse linen cloth, called brin. The market, which is w’ell attended, is on Saturday 5 and on the Saturday pre- ceding the last Wednesday in April is a large market for cattle, in which more than 1000 head are frequently sold. Fairs for cattle are held, in the eastern division of the town, on May 11th and Sept. 21st, and on St. Lawrence's Green, in the western division, on the 21st of Aug., if it happen on Tuesday or Wednesday, if not, it is postponed till the following Tuesday : this 704 latter fair continues for three days. The town is within the jurisdiction of the county magistrates, who hold a petty-sessioii every month 3 and its local affairs are under the superintendence of a portreeve, bailiff, and constables, chosen annually by a jury at the court leet of the lord of the manor. The parish is ten miles in length from east to west, and about four miles in extreme breadth, and comprises by recent measurement 12,000 acres. The soil in the northern and central portions is a rich red loam, well adapted for grain, with some excellent pasture, and in the southern portion of a clayey nature, coarse, and alternated with copse and brake 3 the surface is hilly, and richly wooded : the elm grows profusely in the hedge-rows, and the scenery, enlivened with the streams of the Creedy and Exe, is finely varied. At Posberry is a quarry of trap-stone, of excellent quality for building and road-making. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £30, with a net income of £425, and in the patronage of the twelve Governors, by whom the church is kept in repair, and to whom the impro- priation belongs, and who also elect a chaplain to assist the vicar : the great tithes have been commuted for £1770. The church, rebuilt in the reign of Henry YII., is a spacious and magnificent cruciform structure, in the later English style, with a square embattled tower rising from the centre : the nave is separated from the aisles by massive columns, with ornamented capitals, sup- porting arches of the decorated English style, and is lighted by an elegant range of clerestory windows, with enriched and flowing tracery 3 the original roof of oak, richly carved and ornamented with transverse ribs and bosses at the intersection, is now concealed by a flat plain ceiling 3 on the south side of the choir are three stone sedilia, an ancient piscina of a highly interesting character is still remaining, and there are many ancient monuments, altar-tombs, and brasses. There are places of worship for Baptists, Independents, Wesley ans, and Unitarians. The grammar school was founded and en- dowed by Edward VI., and further endowed by Queen Elizabeth, who by her charter vested the patronage in the twelve governors of the church, directing them to elect four boys, under the name of Queen Elizabeth’s Grammar Scholars, to each of whom 40«. are annually given : there are three exhibitions, of £6. 13. 4. each, to either of the universities, tenable for five years, belong- ing to the school. The Blue- coat school, founded about the year 1730, by subscription, and since endowed with various benefactions, was united with an English school in 1814, and placed under one master, in a house erected, in 1806, by the trustees of Sir John Hayward’s charity : the annual income of these united schools is £116. 12. A mathematical school was established, in 1794, by Mr. Samuel Dunn, who endowed it with £600 stock, now in the four per cents. 3 and there is also a school in union with the National Society. Almshouses with small endowments were founded by Mr. Humphrey Sparway, in 1557, and by Mr. John Davie, in 1620. The poor law union of Crediton comprises 29 parishes or places, and contains a population of 22,076. Near the church are some slight remains of the episcopal palace 3 and some part of a chapel dedicated to St. Lawrence, once connected with one of the prebends of the collegiate church, has been formed into cottages : in the Dean’s street is an ancient building, said to have C R E E C R E E formed part of the dean’s honse, in a portion of which, supposed to have been the refectory, the old ceiling is still preserved. At Yeo is the gable of a barn, formerly a chapel, the east window of which is in good preserva- tion 5 and on the hill above Posberry is a triple intrcnch- ment of great antiquity. Winifred, Archbishop of Mentz, and legate under several of the popes, who was emi- nently successful in promulgating the doctrines of Christianity among the Mercians, and suffered martyr- dom in the year 354, was a native of this place. CREECH, or Creke (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Taunton, hundred of Andersfield, W. division of Somerset, 3^ miles (E. N. E.) from Taunton j containing 1296 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the river Tone, and intersected by the road from Plymouth to Bath, comprises by measurement 2218a. 2r. 13p. : there are quarries of stone of a reddish hue, of good quality for building and other purposes. The tide flows up to the Half Locks, on the Coal Har- bour estate, where a very extensive traffic in salt, &c., was formerly carried on. The village has been much improved by the formation of the Bridgwater and Taunton canal, which is here crossed by a well-built bridge of brick. A new cut from this canal has been formed, under an act obtained in 1834, terminating at Chard, and communicating with the canal and coal wharfs near the bridge ; it is carried over the river Tone by a handsome and extensive aqueduct, which crosses the lower road and moor, near the parish of Ruishton. The line of the Great Western railway passes under the aqueduct of the Chard canal. The living is a vicarage, endowed with a portion of the rectorial tithes, and valued in the king’s books at £16. 18. 9. ; patron. Rev. H. Creswell j impropriators of the remainder of the rectorial tithes, Mrs. Dyer and Rev. Miles Formby. The tithes have been commuted for £383, and the glebe comprises 7^ acres. The church, a spacious and hand- some edifice, with a tower, is pleasantly situated on an eminence above the Tone. There is a place of worship for Baptists. Here was anciently a monastery of the Cluniac order, part of which is still perfect, and forms a substantial dwelling-house. CREECH, EAST,a tything,in the parish of Church- Knowle, union of Wareham and Purbeck, hundred of Hasilor, Wareham division of Dorset, miles (S.) from W areham 3 containing 1 83 inhabitants. It is about a mile north-west of the parochial church. CREED {St. Creed), a parish, in the union of St. Austell, W. division of the hundred of Powder and of the county of Cornwall 3 including nearly the whole of the town of Grampound, and containing 758 inhabit- ants, of whom 265 are in that portion exclusive of Grarftpound. The parish is situated on the river Fal, by which it is bounded on the west, and contains by com- putation 2550 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 6. 8.3 net income, £3513 patron, C. H. T. Hawkins, Esq. Besides the parochial church, there is a small chapel of ease at Grampound, in a ruinous condition. On the estate of Nantellon are vestiges of two ancient intrenchments, each inclosing about one acre. CREED, a tything, in the parish of Bosham, union of West Bourne, hundred of Bosham, rape of Chi- chester, W. division of Sussex 3 containing 64 in- habitants. VoL. I.— 705 CREEKSEA, or Crixeth {All Saints) , a parish, in the union of Maldon, hundred of Dengie, S. divi- sion of Essex, 2 miles (N. W. by W.) from Burnham 3 containing 199 inhabitants. This parish, which is of small extent, is bounded on the north by the river Crouch, over which is a ferry to Wallasea island, from the south side of the parish, where the marshes are pro- tected from inundation by strong embankments nine feet in height. Near the mouth of the river is a creek flowing from the sea, from which circumstance the place is supposed to have derived its name. The living is a discharged rectory, to which the vicarage of Althorne was united in 1811, valued in the king’s books at £9. 8 . 10. 3 net income, £336,* patron, J. Robinson, Esq. The church is a neat plain edifice. CREETING {AlL' Saints), a parish, in the union and hundred of Bosmere and Claydon, E. division of Suffolk, l| mile (N.) from Needham-Market 3 contain- ing 286 inhabitants. The road from Ipswich to Norwich runs through the parish on the north-east, and the Stow-Market and Ipswich navigation pafsses along its south-western boundary. The living is a discharged rectory, with which the rectories of Greeting St. Mary and St. Olave are consolidated, valued in the king’s books at £10. 0. 5. The church, which stood within thirty yards of that of St. Mary’s, and in the same churchyard, was pulled down by faculty upon condition of two full services being performed in the latter, the only church now standing in the three consolidated parishes. CREETING {St, Mary), a parish, in the union and hundred of Bosmere and Claydon, E. division of Suffolk, 1| mile (N. N. E.) from Needham-Market 3 containing 196 inhabitants. The road from Ipswich to Norwich, and the Stow-Market and Ipswich navigation, run through the parish. The living is a discharged rectory, consolidated with those of Greeting St. Olave and All Saints, valued in the king’s books at £7. 14. 2., and in the patronage of Eton College : the tithes have been commuted for £750, and the glebe comprises 62 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church was enlarged, when that of All Saints was taken down 5 the entrance on the south is through a Norman doorway, and the font is of Caen stone, curiously sculptured. About 42 acres of town-land are applied to the use of the poor, to whom Mrs. Uvedale, the lady of Rear-Admiral Uve- dale, who is buried here, left, in 1814, £300. Here was formerly a cell to the abbey of Bernay, in Normandy, the revenue of which, at the suppression of alien esta- blishments, was applied towards the endowment of Eton College. CREETING {St, Olave), a parish, in the union and hundred of Bosmere and Claydon, E. division of Suffolk, 2| miles (N. N. E.) from Needham-Market 3 containing 30 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, consolidated with those of Greeting St. Mary and All Saints, and valued in the king’s books at £4. 17. : the church has been long since demolished. Robert, Earl of Morton, gave the manor to the abbey of Grestein, in Normandy, and it was under the care of some monks of that abbey. CREETING {St. Peter), or West Greeting, a parish, in the union and hundred of Stow, W. division of Suffolk, 2 miles (N. by W.) from Needham-Market 5 containing 213 inhabitants. It is bounded on the south 4X GEES GRES by the Stov/-Market and Ipswich navigation, and com- prises 1335a. 3r. Sip. The living is a discharged rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 2. 6.^ patron and incumbent, Rev. Edward Paske, whose tithes have been commuted for £400, and whose glebe comprises 6 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is in the early English style, and has an embattled tower. CREETON {St, Peter), a parish, in the union of Bourne, wapentake of Beltisloe, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 3f miles (S. by E.) from Corby j containing 64 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 15. 10., and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for £138, and the glebe contains 31 acres, to which there is a glebe-house ; a* rent-charge of £26 is paid to the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln, and another of £9. 12. 6. to the rector of Little Bytham. CREIGHTON, a township, in the parish and union of Uttoxeter, S. division of the hundred of Totmons- Low, N. division of the county of Stafford, 2 miles (N. by W.) from Uttoxeter. CRENDAL, a hamlet, in the parish and hundred of Cranborne, union of Wimborne and Cranborne, Wimborne division of Dorset, 2 miles (E.) from Cran- borne. Potters’-clay is dug here, and a considerable quantity of earthenware made. CRENDON, LONG (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Thame, hundred of Ashenden, county of Buckingham, 2j miles (N. by W.) from Thames con- taining 1656 inhabitants, of whom a few are employed in the manufacture of needles. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £134 5 patron, Lord Churchill. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1824. The church is a spacious edifice, with a tower rising from the centre. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists. Sir John Dormer, Knt., who was buried in the church, bequeathed a rent-charge of £26, which is distributed among the poor. Walter GifFard, Earl of Buckingham, and his countess, in 1162, built and endowed the abbey of Nuttley for regular canons of the order of St. Augustine : it was dedicated to the Virgin Mary and St. John the Baptist, and, at the Dis- solution, possessed a revenue valued at £495. 18. 5. : the remains have been converted into a farm-house. CRESLOW (Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Aylesbury, hundred of Cottesloe, county of Buck- ingham, 5f miles (N.) from Aylesbury ; containing 7 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £3 : the church is dilapidated, and the inhabitants attend divine service at Whitchurch. There are remains, chiefly consisting of an embattled tower, of the ancient mansion of Creclow House, in which there is a crypt : it was long in the possession of the Lords de Clifford. Silver and copper Roman coins have been found. CRESSAGE, a chapelry, in the parish of Cound, union of Atcham, hundred of Condover, S. division of Salop, 3| miles (N. W. by N.) from Much Wenlock 5 containing 297 inhabitants, and comprising by computa- tion 1543 acres. The tithes have been commuted for £208. 15. 10., and there are 23 acres of glebe. The old chapel has been recently taken down, and another built, in a more convenient situation, of white freestone ob- tained in the neighbourhood. A national school is 706 supported by subscription. Near Cressage are the remains of an ancient oak, supposed to have sheltered Christian missionaries previously to the building of churches ; it was then called Chrest ach (Christ’s oak), from which the name of Cressage is said to be de- rived. CRESSING (Jll Saints), a parish, in the union of Braintree, hundred of With am, N. division of Essex, 3 miles (S. E.) from Braintree 5 containing 560 inhabit- ants. This parish, anciently included within that of Witham, comprises by measurement 2365a. 31p. ; the soil is generally heavy, but fertile, and in some parts are indications of iron-ore. The living is a discharged vicar- age, valued in the king’s books at £7. 15. 5. ; patron. Vicar of Witham ; appropriator. Bishop of London. The great tithes have been commuted for £343, and the vicarial for £287, and the glebe comprises 2| acres. The church contains an alabaster monument to the memory of several members of the Neville family. Crossing Temple, anciently a preceptory of the Knights Templars, was given by King Stephen, with the advowson of the church, in perpetual alms to that order : on its dissolu- tion these possessions passed to the Knights Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem, and reverted to the crown at the general suppression. CRESSINGHAM, GREAT (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Swaffham, hundred of South Green- hoe, W. division of Norfolk, 12 miles (N. N. E.) from Brandon 3 containing 476 inhabitants. This parish de- rives its name from a small river or creek, called by the Saxons Grecca : it comprises 2426a. 2r. 27p. The living is a discharged rectory, with the curacy of St. George’s and the rectory of Bodney united, and is valued in the king’s books at £17. 18. 1., and in the patronage of the Crown ; the tithes have been commuted for £502. 10., and the glebe consists of 52| acres, to wdiich there is a glebe-house 5 the rector has also a rent* charge of £21 from the parish of Ashill. The church is a handsome structure in the early and later English styles, with a well-proportioned tower at the west end ; the chancel contains a piscina of elegant design, and some sepul- chral brasses. A parochial school was erected in 1840, and is chiefly supported by the rector. At the inclosure in 1801, 35 acres were allotted to the poor, for fuel. About a mile from the village, in a field called Stone Close, is the site of an ancient parochial chapel, dedi- cated to St. George, where the rector holds a fair for horses and toys on the first Wednesday and Thursday in August. William Barlow, Bishop of Chichester, and George Mountaine, Archbishop of York, were rectors of the parish in 1525 and 1602, respectively. CRESSINGHAM, LITTLE (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Swaffham, hundred of South G^een- HOE, W. division of Norfolk, 3 miles (W.) from V^at- ton ; containing 244 inhabitants. It is situated on the declivities of a rich valley, and comprises by computa- tion 1810 acres, of which 1350 are arable, 200 pasture, and about 230 woodland. Clermont Lodge, a neat man- sion, stands on an eminence encompassed by a beautiful park. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 12. 6. 3 net income, £284 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. Thomas Baker : the glebe contains 27 acres. The church was formerly a handsome struc- ture, in the early and decorated English styles, with a lofty tower, of which only the chancel and part of the CRET CREW nave are remaining : on the south side of the chancel is a piscina of elegant design, and there are several monuments to the Clermont family, who were lords of the manor. There is a school, endowed, in 1809^ by Wm. Farrer, with £300 j and at the inclosure, in 1777 } about 10 acres were allotted to the poor. CRESS WELL, a township, in the parish ofELMTON, union of Worksop, hundred of Scarsdale, N. division of the county of Derby ; containing 222 inhabitants. CRESSWELL, an ecclesiastical district, in the union of Morpeth, E. division of Morpeth ward, N. division of Northumberland ; containing, in its township, 253 inhabitants. This place has its name from a spring of fresh water at the east end of the village, the strand of which affords growth ' to water-cresses. The district comprises the townships of Cresswell and Ellington, the former of which was a possession of the Criswell family previous to the reign of King John : the surface is generally level ; and there is a good freestone quarry. The old tower and mansion-house of the Cresswells front the sea, and have in view the fine beach and sands of Druridge bay ; the tower is 2l| feet long, and 16| feet wide, within, and consists of a strong room vaulted with stone, on the ground floor, and two rooms above, approached by a circular stone staircase. The new mansion, Cresswell Hall, the seat of A. J. Baker Cress- well, Esq., is a magnificent structure, erected in 1822, at great cost, from a design by Shaw, and finished both externally and internally in the most splendid style j the rooms are spacious and of elegant form, and the arrangements and fittings-up within are as appropriate as the appearance of the mansion without is handsome : it is surrounded with fine plantations. The village lies east and west, upon a slope fronting the sea j it has been rebuilt and greatly beautified by Mr. Cressw^ell, and is chiefly tenanted by fishermen. The district was separated from Woodhorn, for ecclesiastical purposes, in 1836 ; the living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of Mr. Cresswell, with a net income of £100, and a parsonage-house, with an acre of glebe. The church, de- dicated to St. Bartholomew, and consecrated Oct. 22d, 1836, is in the Norman style, with windows of richly- painted glass, and contains 240 sittings, of which 84 are free : the site of the edifice was presented by Mr. Cress- well, by whom the expense of its erection, and of that of the parsonage-house, amounting to more than £5000, was wholly defrayed. A boys’ school at Ellington is supported by the patron, and a girls’ school at Cresswell by his lady : in both are about 80 children. CRESSWELL, an extra- parochial liberty, in the S. division of the hundred of Pjrehill, N. division of the county of Stafford, 3 miles (S. W. by S.) from Cheadle ; containing 16 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, a sinecure, in the joint patronage of the Rev. Edward Whitby, the incumbent, and George Whitby, Esq. 3 net income, £20. There is no church. A place of worship has been built for Roman Catholics. CRESSY HALL, a chapelry, in the parish of Sur- FLEET, union of Spalding, wapentake of Kirton, parts of Holland, county of Lincoln, 6J miles (N. N. W.) from Spalding. CRETINGHAM {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Plomesgate, hundred of Looes, E. division of Suffolk, 8 miles (N. N. W.) from Woodbridge ; contain- ing 411 inhabitants, and comprising by admeasurement 707 1600 acres. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9. 10. 10., and in the patronage of the Crown 3 net income, £142 3 impropriator, T. Chenery, Esq. : there is a glebe-house, with about 23 acres of land. The church contains portions in the early and later English styles, and has, in the chancel, memo- rials of the Cornwallis family. Here was formerly a chapel, dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene. CREWE, a township, in the parish of Farndon, union of Great Boughton, Higher division of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, 6 J miles (N. W.) from Malpas 5 containing 67 inhabitants. It is bounded on the west by the river Dee. CREWE, a township, in the parish of Barthomley, union and hundred of Nantwich, S. division of the county of Chester, 4| miles (S. W. by S.) from Sand- bach 3 containing 396 inhabitants. The tithes have been commuted for £140, of which £110 are payable to the impropriator, and £30 to the rector of the parish. A school was founded in 17^9, pursuant to the will of Thomas Leadbeater, Esq., who bequeathed £30 for the erection of a house, and £120 for the maintenance of a master. Here is a station of the Grand Junction rail- way, from which, near Crewe Hall, diverges the Chester and Crewe railway, taking a west-north-west direction to Chester, where it unites with the Birkenhead line. The Manchester and Birmingham railway also branches off here. CREWKERNE {St. Bartholomew), a market-town and parish, in the union of Chard, hundred of Crew- kerne, W. division of Somerset, 10 miles (S. W. by S.) from Jlchester, and 132 (W. S. W.) from London 5 com- prising the tythings of Clapton, Coombe, Easthams, Furland, Hewish, Laymore, and Woolminstone, and containing 4414 inhabitants. This place, being a royal manor, anciently enjoyed many privileges, and in the reign of Henry II. was exempt from taxation. The town is pleasantly situated in a fertile valley, watered by branches of the rivers Parret ahd Axe, and sheltered by hills richly planted : it consists of five principal streets, diverging from a spacious market-place, in the centre of which is a large and commodious market-house 5 the houses are in general well built and of handsome ap- pearance, and the inhabitants are amply supplied with water. Sail-cloth, stockings, and dowlas, are manufac- tured. The market, which is well supplied with corn, is on Saturday 3 and the fair is on the 4th of September, for horses, bullocks, linen-drapery, cheese, and toys. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £1583 patrons. Dean and Chapter of Winchester 3 impropriator, J. Hussey, Esq. The church is a spacious cruciform structure, in the decorated English style, with a lofty and highly enriched tower rising from the intersection, crowned with battlements and ornamented with angular turrets 3 the interior is finely arranged, the windows are large, and filled with rich tracery, and the piers and arches which support the tower are lofty and of graceful elevation. There are places of worship for Particular Baptists and Unitarians. The free grammar school was founded in 1449, by John de Combe, Precentor of the Cathedral of Exeter, who endowed it with land, now producing £300 per annum : it has four exhibitions, of £5 per annum each, to any college at Oxford, founded by the Rev. William Owsley, who gave a rent-charge 4X2 C R I C C R I C of £20. There are two other schools, endowed with £9. 12. per annum, and two almshouses, one of which, for twelve aged men and women, was, in 1707? endowed with a rent-charge of £29, by Mrs. Mary Davis. CRICH (St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Bel- PER, partly in the hundred of Morleston and Lit- CHURCH, partly in that of Scarsdale, and partly in that of Wirksworth, N. and S. divisions of the county of Derby ^ containing, with the township of Wessington and the hamlet of Tansley, 3698 inhabitants, of whom 2619 are in the township of Crich, 5 miles (W. by S.) from Alfreton. This is a place of some antiquity, and coins of Adrian and Diocletian have been found in an adjacent lead-mine, from which circumstance it is con- jectured that lead was obtained here by the Romans. It is situated on an eminence commanding extensive prospects, on the road from Alfreton to Wirksworth, and near the river Derwent, which runs on its western boundary. The parish comprises about 3400 acres, the substratum of which has long been a source of consider- able wealth : its valuable lead-mines, several of which are now in operation, produce a metah of the finest qua- lity, and appear to have been wrought continuously since the time of the Norman survey, at which period Leuric had a lead-mine at Cric.” The manor of Wakebridge in the parish, which formerly belonged to Darley Abbey, still enjoys the privilege of exemption from king’s duty on lead-ore, the mine of which is considered the richest in the county. Here are also limestone and gritstone quarries, the stone of the latter of which has been in demand for the use of the North-Midland railway, and is applied to building and other purposes. The village a short time since was inconsiderable, but rose into im- portance from the establishment of a cotton- manufactory at Frichly, in 1793, and in 1810 received the grant of a market, which, however, was discontinued on the de- cline of the factory. The chief employment is frame- work knitting 5 and there are also manufactories for the spinning of candle-wicks, and one for bobbin-turning. Cattle-fairs are held on the 6th April and 11th October. The Cromford canal passes along the western side of the parish, and, through a tunnel on the south, joins the Nottingham canal ^ the North-Midland railroad runs through the eastern part, and a branch has been laid down to a limestone quarry at the top of the village, for the purpose of conveying the stone to twelve kilns lately built. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 10. 10.; net income, £98; patron and impropriator. Sir W. W. Dixie, Bart. : the tithes were commuted for land in 177fi. The church is a fine structure, with a tower surmounted by a spire, and con- tains several ancient monuments of the Dixie family ; it is beautifully situated, commanding a splendid and ex- tensive prospect. Among the old monuments is one supposed to be that of Sir W. de Wakebridge, who fought in the Holy Land. A church has recently been built in the hamlet of Tansley ; and there are places of worship for Wesleyans, Independents, and Baptists. About one mile north of the village is Crich Cliff, a lofty hill, upon which an observatory was erected in 1789. CRICK, a hamlet, in the parish of Caerwent, union and division of Chepstow, hundred of Caldicot, county of Monmouth, 4 miles (S. W. by W.) from Chepstow ; containing 148 inhabitants. The road leading from this village to Caerwent was a Roman way. The village con- 708 tains a house, now a farm-house, where Charles I. was concealed for some time. CRICK {St, Margaret), a parish, in the union of Rugby, hundred of Guilsborough, S. division of the county of Northampton, 6 § miles (N. by E.) from Daventry ; containing IOO6 inhabitants. This place was visited by the army of Fairfax, which rested here on the night previous to the battle of Naseby, when the church and rectory-house were unroofed and otherwise damaged. The parish, which is situated on the borders of Warwick- shire, and intersected by the road from Northampton to Coventry, comprises by measurement 3271 acres; the surface is rather hilly, and the soil various, in some parts clayey, in others gravelly and sandy. The manu- facture of worsted stockings was formerly carried on to some extent, but has been discontinued. Coarse lime is found and uSed for flags, and occasionally for building. A nameless rivulet, which flows into the Avon near Dovebridge, has its source within the parish ; and the Grand Union canal, connecting Leicester with the Grand Junction canal, passes through a tunnel 1524 yards in length. The Crick station on the line of the London and Birmingham railway is within two miles. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £32. 13. l|. ; net income, £890 ; patrons, the President and Fellows of St. John’s College, Oxford : the tithes were commuted for 560 acres of land in 1776. The church is a spacious and handsome structure, in the decorated English style, with a square embattled tower ; the east window of the chancel, which has been lately restored, is a very beautiful specimen of flowing tracery ; the stained glass, with which all the windows were em- bellished, was destroyed by the soldiers of Fairfax. There are places of worship for Independents and Wes- leyans ; and the parochial school has an endowment of £10 per annum from Mr. William Henfray, the interest of £100 three and a half per cents, by Mr. G. Judkins, and the residue of the rents of certain lands bequeathed by Mr. Richard Drayson, in 1806, reserving £15 per annum for the purchase of a cow, to be divided among the poor on the day before Christmas-day. The old Roman Watling* street skirts the western boundary of the parish, where Roman antiquities have been found ; and there are several tumuli in various parts. Arch- bishop Laud was rector of the parish for seven years. CRICKET {St, Tnoi^/As), a parish, in the union of Chard, hundred of South Petherton, W. division of Somerset, 3 miles (E.) from Chard; containing 78 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the Exeter and London road, in a district of much natural beauty ; and the handsome seat and extensive domain of Viscountess Bridport, relict of Admiral Viscount Bridport, form an interesting feature in the surrounding scenery. A fair is held on Whit Monday and Tuesday for cattle. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 17. 6., and in the gift of Lord Bridport : the tithes have been commuted for £92, and the glebe com- prises 30 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. CRICKET-MALHERBIE {St, Mary Magdalene), a parish, in the union of Chard, hundred of Abdick and Bulstone, W. division of Somerset, 2j miles (S.) from Ilminster; containing 36 inhabitants. The parish stands on elevated ground, and comprises by computa- tion 520 acres : the Creech and Chard canal passes at the distance of a mile. The living is a discharged rec- C R I C GRIG tory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 6. 3. j net in- come, £77 3 patron, Stephen Pitt, Esq. : the glebe consists of about 20 acres. CRICKLADE, a borough and market-town, in the •union of Cricklade and Wootton-Basset, hundred of Highworth, Cricklade, and Staple, Cricklade and N. divisions of Wilts, 48 miles (N. by W.) from Salis- bury, and 83 (W. byN.) from London 3 containing 2128 inhabitants. This place, which is of great antiquity, is by some supposed to have derived its name from the British Cerigwdld, signifying a country abounding with stones 3 and by others from the Saxon Crcecca, a brook, and Loediarij to empty, the small rivers Churn and Rey here discharging themselves into the river Isis. It is thought by Dr. Stukeley to have been a Roman station, from its position on the Roman road which connected Corinium, now Cirencester, with Spiruje, now Speen. About the year 905, Ethelwald, opposing the election of Edward the Elder to the throne, collected a large body of troops, consisting principally of East ^Angles, and ad- vanced to this place on a predatory excursion, from which he retreated with his plunder before Edward, who was marching to attack him, had reached the town. In 1016, the town was plundered by Canute the Dane, since which it has not been distinguished by any event of historical importance. The town is situated in a level tract of country, on the south bank of the Isis, which has its source in the vicinity 3 it consists princi- pally of one long street, and is paved from the fund called the Cricklade Way lands, varying from £150 to £1/0 per annum, arising from an early bequest. Water- works have recently been constructed and pipes laid down in the main street, by a spirited individual, afford- ing an ample supply. The market is on Saturday 3 there is also an extensive market for corn and cattle on the third Tuesday in every month 5 and a pleasure fair is held on the 23rd of September. The Thames and Severn canal runs to the north of the town, and is con- nected with the Wilts and Berks line by the North Wilts canal, which passes the town to the south-west. The county magistrates hold a meeting on the first Saturday in every month,* and a bailiff and other officers are ap- pointed by a jury at the court leet of the lord of the manor, who holds a court every third week for the re- covery of debts under 405. Cricklade is a borough by prescription, and exercised the elective franchise from the reign of Edward I., but with various intermissions, till that of Henry VI., since which time it has uninter- ruptedly continued to return two members to parlia- ment : in consequence of notorious bribery, the franchise was, in 1782, extended to the adjoining divisions of Highworth, Cricklade and Staple, Kingsbridge, and Malmesbury. The polling-places are Cricklade, Brink- worth, and Swindon. Cricklade comprises the parishes of St. Samson and St. Mary, the former containing 1642, and the latter 486 inhabitants, and consisting together of nearly 8000 acres, about two-thirds of which are arable 3 the soil is generally a rich loam, producing fine crops, and the sur- face is mostly flat. The living of St. Samson s is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £18, 11. 10|. f net income, £460 3 patrons. Dean and Chapter of Salis- bury, who are also appropriators of the rectory, of which the Rev. T. Heberden is lessee. The church is a spa- cious and ancient cruciform structure, with a handsome 709 square embattled tower, rising from the intersection, crowned by a pierced parapet and pinnacles, and highly ornamented with niches and pedestals : the south porch was formerly a chapel, built by the Hungerford family 3 and towards the east is another porch, with large bat- tlements, having in the centre the figure of a lion cou- chant. The interior is of corresponding character ; the piers and arches that support the tower are lofty and of graceful elevation. A stone cross, which once stood in the principal street, was removed into the churchyard, when the old town-hall was taken down. The living of St. Marys is a discharged rectory, valued at £4. 14. 0^. 3 net income, £83 3 patron, Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol. The church is a very ancient structure 3 the chancel is separated from the nave by a circular Norman arch, and the interior contains many vestiges of its original character. In the churchyard is a handsome stone cross of one shaft on a flight of steps 3 the head is richly ornamented with small sculptured figures in canopied niches. There are places of worship for Inde- pendents and Wesleyans. Near St. Sampson’s church- yard is a building erected in 1652, by Robert Jenner, goldsmith, of London, for the purpose of a school, which for many years was used as a poor-house, and has lately been restored to its original purpose. Among the seve- ral charitable bequests is one of a hundred acres of land granted by Charles I., out of the forest of Braydon, now producing about £125 per annum, of which one- half is given to decayed tradespeople, and the other, in equal portions, applied to the apprenticing of children, and distributed among the poor. A benefaction called Dunches’ charity, consisting of lands worth £30 a year, is also, by the will of the don.or, appropriated to eight decayed tradespeople not receiving parochial aid. The union comprises fourteen parish«^s or places,and contains a population of 13,165. In the^ parish of St. Mary are the remains of the priory of St. John the Baptist, founded in the reign of Henry III., now converted into a private residence. There was also an hospital, dedicated to the same patron, the revenue of which, at the Dissolution, was £4. 10. 7. : some land belonging to it, in the parish of St. Sampson, is stiU called the Spital. CRIDLING-STUBBS, a township, in the parish of WoMERSLEY, Union of Preston (under Gilbert’s act). Lower division of the wapentake of Osgqldcross, W. riding of York, 4f miles (E.) from Pontefract 3 con- taining 159 inhabitants. It is chiefly of the same lime- stone bed as Womersley township, and comprises by computation about 900 acres. CRIGGLESTONE, a township, in the chapelry of Chapelthorpe, parish of Great Sandall, union of Wakefield, Lower division of the wapentake of Ag- BRiGG, W. riding of York, 3f miles (S.) from Wakefield 3 containing 1479 inhabitants. This township lies on the Wakefield and Manchester road, in a picturesque and fertile district, and comprises 2950 acres of profitable land : it abounds in coal, which is shipped to supply the London market. Messrs. Pope and Co. of London, in 1843, opened an excellent coal-pit here, at an outlay of £30,000 to effect the winning.” Kettlethorpe Hall, an ancient family mansion, is pleasantly situated in a tastefully embellished demesne 3 Chapelthorpe Hall is a comfortable residence, and Woolley-Moor House com- mands beautiful and extensive views. There are several villages in the township, whereof the principal is that of C RI T C R O F Chapelthorpe, so called from the chapel, a neat edifice, of which the living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Vicar of Sandall. The annual sum of £19. 13., arising from bequests, is appropriated to the support of a Sunday school, and the relief of the poor, who have also an interest in the liberal bequest made by Alderman Scholey to the poor of the parish. CRIMPLESHAM (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Downham, hundred of Clackclose, W. division of Norfolk, 2 miles (E.) from Downham-Market j con- taining 358 inhabitants. This parish comprises l658a. Ir. 7p., whereof 1058 acres are arable, 488 pasture, and 59 woodland. Crimplesham Hall is a handsome man- sion, in the grounds of which was formerly a church. The living is a discharged perpetual curacy, valued in the king’s books at £8 ; net income, £90 3 patron and appropriator. Bishop of Ely : the tithes have been com- muted for £525. 1. 8., and the glebe contains 58 acres. The church is an ancient structure, in the early and decorated English styles, with a square tower 3 the north and south entrances are in the Norman style. A national school is supported. At the inclosure, in 1806, twelve acres were allotted to the poor, the proceeds of which, amounting to £23 per annum, are distributed in coal. CRINGLEFORD (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Henstead, hundred of Humbleyard, E. divi- sion of Norfolk, 3 miles (S. W. by W.) from Norwich 3 containing 19I inhabitants. This parish comprises about 1200 acres, chiefly arable, and derives its name from an ancient gravelly ford, wdiich has, been superseded by a stone bridge over the river Yare, separating the liberties of Norwich from the county. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £205 5 patrons and impropriators, the Trustees of St. Giles’ Hospital, Norwich. The church is in the later English style, with a square em- battled tower. Within the parish was once a free cha- pel, dedicated to St. Ethelred, to which pilgrims used to resort in great numbers. CRIPTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Winterbourn- Came, union of Dorchester, hundred of Culliford- Tree, Dorchester division of Dorset, 3^ miles (S. by E.) from Dorchester 3 containing 17 inhabitants. CRITCHILL, or Crichel, Long (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Wimborne and Cranborne, hundred of Knowlton, Wimborne division of Dorset, 6 | miles (W. S. W.) from Cranborne 3 containing 120 inhabitants. This parish, which received its distinguish- ing appellation from its greater length in comparison with the adjoining parish of More-Critchill, is divided into two tythings, called Critchill-Gouis and Critchill- Lucy, so named from their ancient lords : it comprises by admeasurement 1034 acres. The living is a rectory, united in 1774 to that of More-Critchill, and valued in the king’s books at £12. 13. 8|. 3 the glebe consists of 110 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church has a good tower at the west end, with a massive but- tress on its north side. There is a school in union with the National Society. Some vestiges of a Roman road may be traced. CRITCHILL, MORE (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Wimborne and Cranborne, hundred of Bad- BURY, Wimborne division of Dorset, 6 miles (N. by W.) from Wimborne 3 containing, with the hamlet of Mans- wood, 316 inhabitants, and comprising by adrneasure- 710 ment 1649 acres. The living is a rectory, with that of Long Critchill united, valued in the king’s books at £10. 9. 7- net income, £371 j patron, Henry Sturt, Esq. The church is a small ancient structure, having at the west end an embattled tower, with a porch of modern erection, and has been lately beautified with a western window in the later English style, and otherwise much improved at the expense of the patron : it had a chantry, well endowed with land by John de Bridport, in the 2nd of Edward III., for a chaplain to pray daily for his soul. There is a national school. Traces of the Roman road from Badbury Rings to Old Sarum may be seen in the parish. CRIXETH, county Essex. — See Creeksea. CROBOROUGH, with Blackwood, a township, in the parish of Horton, union of Leek, N. division of the hundred of Totmonslow and of the county of Stafford, 5j miles (W.) from Leek 3 containing 526 inhabitants. CROCK-STREET, a hamlet, in the parishes of II- MiNSTER and Donyatt, hundred of Abdick and Bul- stone, union of Chard, W. division of Somerset, 3 miles (W. S. W.) from Ilminster 3 containing 54 inha- bitants. A considerable quantity of coarse earthenware is made. CROCKER-HILL, a hamlet, in the parish of Box- grove, union of West Hampnett, hundred of Box and Stockbridge, rape of Chichester, W. division of Sussex 3 containing 52 inhabitants. CROCKERN-WELL, a hamlet, partly in the parish of Bishop-Cheriton, and partly in that of Drews- teignton, hundred of Wonford, Crockern-Well and S. divisions of Devon, 7 miles (S. W.) from Crediton. It abounds with beautiful scenery. Here was formerly a chapel, of which there are no remains. CROCKERNE-PILL, a hamlet, in the parish of Easton-in-Gordano, union of Bedminster, hundred of PoRTBURY, E. division of Somerset, 5^ miles (N. W.) from Bristol 3 containing 1748 inhabitants. This ham- let, which had its rise in the seventeenth century, is situated on the banks of the Avon, near the junction of that river with the Severn, and is chiefly inhabited by mariners, engaged in piloting vessels to and from Bristol, and down the channel, under the regulations of the company of merchant adventurers of Bristol. CROFORD, a tything, in the parish of Wivelis- combe, union of Wellington, W. division of the hun- dred of Kingsbury and of Somerset ; containing, with the tything of Nunnington, 455 inhabitants. CROFT (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Leominster, hundred of Wolphy, county of Here- ford, 5^ miles (N. N. W.) from Leominster 3 contain- ing, with the township of Newton, 144 inhabitants, and consisting of 1064 acres. The living is a discharged rectory, with the vicarage of Yarpole annexed, valued in the king’s books at £7. 11. 3., and in the patronage of Mrs. Davis, with a net income of £283 : the tithes of Croft have been commuted for £120, and there is a glebe of 7l| acres. At Castle Parke, on an eminence to the north-west of the village, is Croft Ambery, an ancient British camp, with a double ditch and rampart. CROFT, with Southworth, a township, in the parish of Winwick, union of Warrington, hundred of West Derby, S. division of the county of Lancas- ter, 4 miles (E. S. E.) from Newton-in-Mackerfield 3 CROP CROP containing 1155 inhabitants. A cbnrch in the later English style, with a tower and spire, was erected in 1833, at an expense of £^414 5 and there is a Roman Catholic chapel. CROFT, a parish, in the union of Blaby, hundred of Sparkenhoe, S. division of the county of Leices- ter, 6:^ miles (E. by N.) from Hinckley 5 containing 321 inhabitants. The parish comprises by computation 1000 acres : the soil is various, to the north of the vil- lage light, with some good pasture land near the bor- ders of a brook which flows through the parish, and on the south of the village a stiffish clay. There is a large quarry, supplying an excellent material for build- ing and for the repairing of roads ; and about one-fourth of the population is employed in frame-work knitting. The village is situated on a granite rock rising from the edge of the brook, and continuing in a ridge north- ward, until it terminates in a remarkable conical hill, covered with verdure, and conspicuous for many miles round. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 3. 4.; net income, £582 5 patron and incumbent, Rev. Robert Thos. Adnutt. A portion of the tithes have been commuted for land, and the re- mainder for a rent-charge of £70. 8. 5 the glebe com- prises 250 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. CROFT {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Spilsby, Marsh division of the wapentake of Candle- shoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, if mile (N. N. E.) from Wainfleet 5 containing 649 inhabitants. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £23. 7. 3^. net income, £388 5 patron and impropria- tor, Lord Monson. There is a trifling bequest for the poor. CROFT (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Darlington, wapentake of GillinG-East, N. riding of York 5 containing 744 inhabitants, of whom 422 are in the township of Croft, 3| miles (S.) from Darlington. The parish comprises the townships of Croft, Dalton- upon-Tees, part of Great Smeaton, and part of Staple- ton 5 and consists by measurement of 6384 acres, of which 5032 are in tillage, and 1352 meadow and pas- ture. This place has been latterly much resorted to for the benefit of its sulphureous springs, which are simi- lar to those of Harrogate. The spa is in the township of Croft, about four miles from Darlington, and on the property of Sir William Chaytor, Bart., late of Witton Castle : it was first brought into notice in 1668, and so early as 1713 the water had acquired such fame that it was sold in London in sealed bottles at an exorbitant price. In 1808 the present proprietor erected a capa- cious hotel, with suitable conveiiiencies, and a number of lodging-houses for the accommodation of visiters 5 and over the spring a splendid suite of baths have been built, which were thrown open to the public in 1829. One gallon of the water contains, of muriate of lime, 9 grs. ; carbonate of lime, 42 grs. j sulphate of mag- nesia, 74 grs. 3 sulphate of lime, 28 grs. 5 and carbonate of iron, 1 gr. The air of Croft is remarkably pure, the surrounding country is pleasant, and the views on the banks of the Tees are delightful, commanding a pros- pect over an extensive tract in the highest possible state of cultivation : the whole of the township belongs to Sir William Chaytor, who is at present erecting an elegant mansion-house here. The village is neatly built, and situated on the river, over which is a hand- 711 some stone bridge of seven arches, about 200 yards dis- tant from the spa j it is 414 feet in length, and from the bed of the river to the top of the iron-railing 59 feet high 3 and was completed by Henry Welch, Esq,, C. E., in 1839. At about a quarter of a mile below the village, the Great North of England railway crosses the Tees, and enters the county of York over a splendid oblique viaduct of four arches, at an angle of 45®, and 54 feet above the level of the river, and runs through the parish for about two miles 3 the station is only about one hundred yards from the village, although locally in the parish of Hur worth. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 8. 4., and in the patronage of the Crown 3 net income, £825. The church is an ancient edifice, and exhibits specimens of various styles of English architecture 3 it contains an altar-tomb to a member of the Milbank family, and another to one of that of Clervaux, the ancestors of Sir William Chaytor. A school has a small endowment. Burnet, the author of the Theory of the Earth, was born here in 1635. CROFTON, a township, in the parish of Thursby, union of Wigton, Cumberland ward, and E. division of Cumberland, 3:1 miles (E. N. E.) from Wigton 3 containing 80 inhabitants. It is situated on the river W^ampool, and near the road from Wigton to Carlisle and the railway from Carlisle to Maryport. CROFTON, in the parish of Orpington, union of Bromley, hundred of Ruxley, lathe of Sutton-at- Hone, W. division of Kent, 3^ miles (S. by W.) from Foot’s- Cray. This is said to have been once a parish, and the village to have been destroyed by fire. CROFTON, a district incumbency, in the parish and hundred of Titchfield, union of Fareham, Fare- ham and S. divisions of the county of Southampton, 2§ miles (S. W. by W.) from Fareham 3 containing 809 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Vicar of Titchfield : the chapel, dedi- cated to the Holy Rood, is a very ancient edifice, lately thoroughly repaired. A school, in connexion with the National Society, was built in 1839:, at the expense of the Rev. David Haynes. CROFTON, with Wolfh all, a tything, in the parish of Great Bedwin, union of Hungerford, hundred of Kinwardstone, Marlborough and Ramsbury, and S. divisions of Wilts 3 containing ISO inhabitants. CROFTON (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Preston (under Gilbert’s act). Lower division of the wapentake of Agbrigg, W. riding of York, 3f miles (E. S. E.) from Wakefield 3 containing 389 inhabitants. This parish is in the honour of Pontefract, and com- prises about 970 acres of fertile land, including the hamlet of Birkwood : the roads from Doncaster and Pontefract to Wakefield form a junction here. Coal- mines were extensively wrought for several years, but have been discontinued for some time, though much coal yet remains. The village is pleasant and well built, and has an ever-flowing fountain in the centre. At Oakenshaw, in the parish, the North-Midland rail- way is carried over the Barnsley canal by a viaduct of five segmental arches of 60 feet span each, and at the height of 60 feet above the level of the water 3 the whole is constructed of brickwork with stone quoins. Here, also, one of the most extensive cuttings in the whole line was made through rock, shale, and bind, the greatest depth being 50 feet, and the quantity of earth C R O M C R O M removed, amounting to 600,000 cubic yards, most of which was used to form the Oakenshaw embankment. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10. 0. and in the patronage of the Crown, in right of the duchy of Lancaster ^ net income, £334. The church is a small cruciform structure, in the later Eng- lish style, with a low central tower. The original church stood on low swampy ground, nearly a mile from the present site : the only remains of it are the names of Church Field” given to a field of the glebe land, and “ Church Hill” to the particular spot where it stood. Dr. Richard Fleming, founder of Lincoln College, Ox- ford, was a native of this place j the remains of his arms, carved in stone, still appear over the entrance of the porch of the present edifice. CROGLIN (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Penrith, Leath ward, E. division of Cumberland, 5 miles (N. N. E.) from Kirk-Oswald; containing 336 inhabitants. The parish derives its name from the river Croglin, by which it is bounded on the south ‘ the surface is very uneven, rising in some places into eminences of mountainous elevation, whereof the highest is Croglin Fell. The substrata are chiefly limestone, and freestone of a reddish colour, which are quarried, with some porphyry 3 and veins of coal are likewise found. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8 5 net income, £223 3 patron, the Rev. John Jackson. A school, built by sub- scription in 1724, and conducted on the national plan, is endowed with the interest of £50, given in 1723 by the Rev. J. Hunter, rector, and an allotment of 24 acres, appropriated on the inclosure, and yielding about £14 per annum. CROKEHAM, a hamlet, in the parish of Thatcham, union of Newbury, hundred of Faircross, county of Berks, 4 | miles (S. E.) from Newbury. Here was formerly a chapel, which has been demolished. CROMER (St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, and formerly a market-town, in the union of Erping- HAM, hundred of North Erpingham, E. division of Norfolk, 21 miles (N.) from Norwich, and 130 (N. N. E.) from London 3 containing 1240 inhabitants. This place, originally of much greater extent, included the town of Shipden, which with its church and a considerable number of houses forming another parish, was destroyed by an inundation of the sea, in the reign of Henry IV. Of the numerous ravages of the ocean the last occurred in 1837, when a large portion of the cliffs and houses, with part of the jetty, was washed away: in 1838, on the eastern side, a groin of about 150 yards in length, running out from the cliff to the north, was laid down, which, aided by a sea wall there erected, it is expected will prevent the recurrence of a similar catastrophe from that quarter 3 and the security of the cliffs immediately below the town has been provided for, by a breast-work of stone and flint, with winding approaches, to the beach and jetty. The town is situated on a high cliff, on the north-eastern coast of Norfolk, commanding a fine view of Cromer bay, which, from its dangerous navigation, is by seamen called the Devil’s Throat 3 ” it was formerly inhabited only by a few fishermen, but, from the excellence of its beach, the salubrity of its air, and the beauty of its scenery, it has become a bathing- "^ace of some celebrity 3 many of the houses are badly built and of mean appearance, but those near the sea 712 are commodious and pleasant, and there are several respectable lodging-houses and inns for visiters. There are a circulating library and a subscription news-room 3 and a regatta is occasionally celebrated. x\ttempts have often been made to construct a pier, but the works have invariably been carried away by the sea : the jetty of wood, about 70 yards long, erected in 1822, forms an attractive promenade, as well as the fine beach at low water, which, on account of the firmness of the sand, and its smooth surface, affords also an excellent drive for several miles. Cromer is within the limits of the jurisdiction of the port of Cley : vessels of from 60 to 100 tons’ burthen discharge their cargoes of coal and timber on the beach, and there are IS large vessels and 20 herring-boats belonging to the place, besides about 40 boats, employed in the taking of lobsters and crabs, which are abundant, and of superior flavour. A fair, chiefly for toys, is held on Whit-Monday. The county magistrates hold a meeting every alternate Monday. The LIVING is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9. 4. 9. 5 patron and appropriator. Bishop of Ely. The church was built in the reign of Henry IV., and was in ruins from the time of Cromwell till about 50 years ago, when it was newly roofed and repaired 3 it is a handsome structure of freestone and flint, in the later English style, with a lofty square embattled tower 3 and the western entrance, the north porches, and the chancel, though much dilapidated, are fine specimens. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A free grammar school was endowed in 1505 by Sir Bar- tholomew Read, and further by the Goldsmiths’ Com- pany in 1821 5 but no application having been made for classical instruction, it was remodelled by the com- pany on the national plan. A girls’ school is sup- ported by Mrs. Burbeck. Roger Bacon, a mariner of Cromer, is said to have discovered Iceland in the reign of Henry IV. CROMFORD, a chapelry, in the parish and hundred of Wirksworth, union of Bakewell, S. division of the county of Derby, 1 mile (N. by E.) from Matlock 3 containing 1407 inhabitants. This place, which is pleasantly situated on the river Derwent, was an incon- siderable village prior to the year 177b, when Sir Richard Arkwright, having purchased the manor, erected mills, which were the first ever put in motion by water, and established a cotton-manufactory of large extent. Since this period it has greatly increased, and is now a flourishing place, consisting chiefly of neat and com- modious dwellings for the persons engaged in the fac- tories, of which many are built round an open space in which a small customary market is held on Saturday, and others chiefly in detached situations. The cotton manufacture affords employment to more than 1000 persons 5 there are a manufactory for hats, one for ginghams, on a small scale, and a paper-manufactory 3 and a great quantity of lapis calaminaris is exported annually. In the neighbourhood are extensive mines of lead and calamine, and quarries of marble and lime- stone. The Cromford canal communicates with the Erewash canal near Langley bridge, and commodious wharfs and warehouses have been constructed on its banks. The Cromford and High Peak railway, for the conveyance of minerals and merchandise, commences at this place, and pursues its course to the Peak Forest canal, near Whaley bridge 3 the whole line is thirty- CRON C R O O three miles, in which it attains a rise of 990 feet above the level of the Cromford canal; it was opened in 1830. The chapel, a small neat building in the Grecian style, begun by Sir Richard Arkwright, in 1794, and com- pleted by his son, Richard Arkwright, Esq., who en- dowed it with £50 per annum, was consecrated in 1797. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £96 ; patrons, the family of Arkwright ; appropriator. Dean of Lincoln, whose tithes have been commuted for £90, and the vicarial for £11. The Wesleyans have a place of worship. Two schools are supported, for the in- struction of children employed in the factory ; and almshouses for six widows were founded, in 1651, by Mary Talbot. CROMHALL {St. Andrew), a parish, in the union of Thornbxjry, Upper division of the hundred of Berkeley, W. division of the county of Gloucester, miles (N. W. by W.) from Wickwar ; containing, with the tything of Cromhall-Lygon, 732 inhabitants. The parish^ is situated on the road from Wotton-under- Edge to Bristol, and derives the name Abbotts, affixed to one of its tythings, from its having belonged to the abbot and convent of St. Augustine in Bristol, to whom it was given by Lord Berkeley, in 1 148. The parish comprises by measurement 2500 acres ; the high lands abound with excellent limestone, of which a great quan- tity is burnt into lime ; and a coal-mine has been opened within the last few years, but the veins being on the edge of the coal basin are broken, and the produce is small and slaty. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £16. 9. 2., and in the gift of Oriel Col- lege, Oxford : the tithes have been commuted for £452, and the glebe comprises 85 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church, with the exception of the tower, which is of earlier date, and placed on the north side, is a handsome structure, in the later English style. There are some remains of a cell on Abbotside Hill. CROMPTON, a township, in the parish of Oldham- cum-Prestwtch, union of Oldham, hundred of Sal- ford, S. division of the county of Lancaster, miles (S. E.) from Rochdale; containing, with the villages of Shaw, High Crompton, and Cowlishaw, 6729 inhabit- ants, who are chiefly employed in the spinning and ma- nufacturing of cotton, but extensively also in collieries and stone quarries. The situation is bleak, and the soil poor, affording little encouragement for agriculture. The ancient mansion of Compton Hall has fallen into decay. A free chapel at Shaw, of great antiquity, after having been twice enlarged, was rebuilt in the latter part of the last century. CROMWELL {St. Giles), a parish, in the union of Southwell, N. division of the wapentake of Thur- GARTON, S. division of the county of Nottingham, miles (N.) from Newark ; containing 203 inhabitants, and comprising about 1400 acres. The living is a rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £13. 2. 3^. ; net income, £420 ; patron, Duke of Newcastle. The tithes were commuted for land in 1773 ; the glebe consists of 240 acres, to which there is a good glebe-house. A sn ’dl school for girls is chiefly supported by the lady of the ector. CRONDALL {All Saints), anciently Crunde- Halle, a parish, in the union of Hartley- Wintney, hundred of Crondall, Odiham and N. divisions of VoL. L— 713 the county of Southampton, miles (W. N. W.) from Earnham ; containing, with the tythings of Crondall, Crookham, Dippenhall, Ewshott, and Swanthrope, 2199 inhabitants, of whom 423 are in the township of Cron- dall. The parish comprises by computation nearly 10,000 acres, situated midway between Earnham and Odiham, and of which 4612 are arable, 740 pasture and meadow, 904 woodland, and 3650 common. Almost every variety of soil is to be found, from barren shingly gravel and sand, to rich alluvial mould, productive marls, and dry clays on a chalk substratum, yielding abundant crops of corn, clover, turnips, &c., and hops almost rivalling the productions of the celebrated “ Hart- ground” at Earnham. In some spots chalk, or marl stones, are dug, adapted for rough buildings ; and a stratum of fine chalk runs diagonally through the southern end of the parish. A rivulet has its source in the village, and, flowing through the parish, forms a tributary to the river Loddon ; and the London and South-Western railway and the Basingstoke canal cross the parish. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £22. 5. ; net income, £441; pa- trons and impropriators. Master and Brethren of the Hospital of St. Cross, Winchester, who have leased the great tithes to the Marquess of Winchester. The church is of great antiquity, the nave being of early and the chancel of later Norman, with zig-zag mouldings ; it contains several monuments, some with Saxon inscrip- tions, and others with figures in brass, and is said to have suffered much during the wars of the common- wealth. A district church, in the early English style, built by subscription, has lately been consecrated ; and there are places of worship for Independents, Ranters, and Bryanites. The late Henry Maxwell, Esq., of Ewshott House, the principal residence in the parish, presented a building for a school, in connexion with the Establishment, and bequeathed a sum of £1250 for the maintenance of a master. A national school has been erected. At the north-eastern extremity of the parish is Caesar’s Camp, a spot of singular and commanding position ; the earthworks are of considerable extent, with deep ditches, and in the centre is a spring. CRONTON, a township, in the parish and union of Prescot, hundred of West Derby, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 3f miles (S. S. E.) from Prescot; containing 402 inhabitants. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £105, payable to King’s Col- lege, Cambridge, and the vicarial for £52. 10. CROOK, with Billy-Row, a township, in the pa- rish of Brancepeth, union of Auckland, N. W. divi- sion of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Durham, 5^ miles (N. W. by N.) from Bishop-Auck- land ; containing 538 inhabitants. The township com- prises by computation 4310 acres. Crook is a scattered village, situated on the road between Willington and Wolsingham, and partly extending into the adjoining township of Helmington Row. Coal is worked. A branch of the Clarence railroad, from Eerry Hill up- wards, affords an easy communication with the coast ; and the Bishop- Auckland and Weardale railw^ay ter- minates here, after a course of eight miles, from the Stockton and Darlington line. The Incorporated So- ciety, in 1841, granted £50 in aid of the expense of building a chapel, containing 306 free sittings. The tithes have been commuted for £68. I6. 8. 4 Y C R O O CROP CROOK, a chapelry, in the parish, union, and ward of Kendal, county of Westmorland, 4f miles (W. N. W.) from Kendal j containing 257 inhabitants. The place is of considerable extent, and the population is chiefly employed in the woollen-manufacture, in the hamlet of Crook-Mill, where also the turning of bob- bins is carried on. In the mountainous part of the district is a vein of lead, containing barytes, similar to that used in the manufacture of Wedgwood’s jasper vases. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £57 j patrons. Proprietors of Land. The chapel, an ancient building with a tower, stands in the centre of the chapelry ; and the Society of Friends have a meet- ing-house and burial-ground near How. CROOKDx\KE, a hamlet, in the township and pa- rish of Bromfield, union of Wigton, Allerdale ward below Derwent, W. division of Cumberland, 6^ miles (S. W.) from Wigton 3 containing 191 inhabitants. CROOKDEAN, a township, in the parish of Kirk- Whelpington, union of Bellingham, N. E. division of Tindale ward, S. division of Northumberland, 22 miles (N. W. by N.) from Newcastle-upon-Tyne j con- taining 9 inhabitants. It belonged to the families of Umfreville, Strother, Swinburne, Fenwick, and Harle, of whom the first-named had, in 1324, a messuage and two caracutes of land in Crokden,” which were held by one-eighth of a knight’s fee. The township is situated on the south side of the river Wansbeck, and comprises 355 acres, the property of the Duke of Northumberland. The river runs against a bed of coal, from four to eight inches thick, remarkable only for its brilliant lustre and the regular cubical arrangement of its parts : a search has been made for lead, but without success. CROOKHAM, a tything, in the parish of Thatcham, union of New- bury, hundred of Reading, county of Berks, 5 miles (E.) from Newbury. It contains 2000 acres, and is ornamented with several handsome resi- dences. CROOKHAM, or Crecum, a township, in the parish of Ford, union, and W. division of the ward, of Glen- dale, N. division of Northumberland, 4^ miles (E. by S.) from Coldstream. It is on the road from Wooler to Coldstream, and comprises about 1800 acres mostly arable land, and the soil of which is extremely fertile. Pallinburn Flouse is a handsome mansion, commanding very extensive views : the village consists principally of one street. A chapel was built in 1841, at a cost of about £400, on a site given by Sir Henry Askew, Knt. There is a place of worship for Presbyterians. Attached to the chapel is a school. CROOKHAM, a tything, in the parish and hundred of Crondall, union of Hartley-Wintney, Odiham and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 4 miles (N. E. by E.) from Odiham ; containing 728 inha- bitants. A district church in the early English style has lately been erected, containing 412 sittings, of w^hich 220 are free, the Incorporated Society having granted, in 1841, £190 in aid of the expense. CROOKHOUSE, a township, in ^the parish of Kirk-Newton, union of Glendale, W. division of Glendale ward, N. division of Northumberland, 7 miles (W. N. W.) from Wooler 3 containing 18 inhabit- ants. It is situated east of the river Beaumont, and on the road between Wooler and Jedburgh. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for £10. 10. 714 CROOM, a hamlet, in the parish of Sledmere, union of Driffield, wapentake of Buckrose, E. riding of the county of York, 8^ miles (N. W.) from Great Driffield ; containing 31 inhabitants. CROOME-D’ABITOT {St. Mary Magdalene), a parish, in the union of Upton-on-Severn, Lower divi- sion of the hundred of Oswaldslow, Upton and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, 4 miles (W. by S.) from Pershore 3 containing 119 inhabitants. The parish comprises 1148 acres, about half of which is attached to Croome Park. The living is rectory, with that of Pirton united, valued in the king’s books at. £7 j net income, £488 3 patron, Earl of Coventry. The church, rebuilt in 17^3, is a neat edifice, in the later English style. CROOME, EARLS {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Upton-on-Severn, Lower division of the hundred of Osw^aldslow, Upton and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, 2 miles (N. E. by E.) from Upton 3 containing 194 inhabitants. This parish is partly bounded on the north-west by the river Severn, and intersected from north to south by the road from Worcester to Gloucester, and comprises by measure- ment 1138 acres: limestone is quarried for manure. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 8. 1^. 3 patron and incumbent, Rev. Charles Dunne, whose tithes have been commuted for £235, and whose glebe comprises 5 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is an old building, in the Norman style ; the tower was rebuilt in 1632, when the church was enlarged by subscription. CROOME-HILL {St. ik/jiiy), a parish, in the union of Upton-on-Severn, Lower division of the hundred of Oswaldslow, Upton and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, 3;^ miles (E.) from Upton 3 containing 201 inhabitants. The parish consists of 977 acres 3 the surface is elevated, and the soil of full average produc- tiveness. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 10. 5., and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been commuted for £115, and the glebe contains nearly 6l acres, to which there is a glebe- house. CROPREDY {St. Mary), a parish, in the union, and chiefly in the hundred of Banbury, but partly in the hundred of Bloxham, county of Oxford, and partly in the Burton-Dasset division of the hundred of Kington, S. division of the county of Warwick, 4 miles (N. by^ E.) from Banbury^ 3 comprising the chapel- ries of Claydon, Wardington, and Mollington, and the township of Bourton, and containing 27^7 inhabitants. This place is memorable as the scene of an engagement that occurred, in 1644, between the forces of the royal army and those of the parliamentarian, near the bridge, of which some portions still remain, consisting of rudely pointed arches and projecting piers. The parish is situated on the river Cherwell, and comprises by com- putation 7000 acres 3 the soil is chiefly a rich loam, producing abundant crops, and there is a considerable portion of meadow and pasture land. The Oxford canal passes through the parish. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £26. 10. 10.3 net income, £5923 patron and appro- priator. Bishop of Oxford. The tithes for the greater portion have been commuted for land, under various acts of inclosure. The church is in the early and CROP C R O S decorated English styles, and contains monuments to the families of Danvers, Loveday, Gt)stelow, and Taylor. There are chapels of ease at Claydon, Mollington, and Wardington j and places of worship for Independents and Wesleyans 5 also a school in union with the National Society 5 a school at Williamscolt, endowed with £15 per annum, by John Loveday, Esq. j and one at Great Bourton, endowed with £22, a rent-charge on lands belonging to Sir Egerton Leigh and others. Wal- ter Calcott founded a free school, and endowed it with an annuity of £13. In Great Bourton are the remains of an interesting chapel, in the early English style, now used as the schoolroom. CROPSTON, a township, in the parish of Thur- CASTON, union of Barrow-upon-Soar, hundred of West Goscote, N. division of the county of Leicester, 3:| miles (S. W. by S.) from Mountsorrel 5 containing 111 inhabitants. CROPTHORN (St, Michael), a parish, in the union of Pershore, Middle division of the hundred of OswALDSLOw, Pershore and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, 3 miles (W. N. W.) from Evesham 5 containing, with the hamlets of Charlton and Netherton, 732 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the river Avon, which bounds it on the north, and intersected by the road from Evesham to Pershore, and comprises by measurement 3735 acres, of which 1465 are in the por- tion exclusively of Netherton and Charlton : there are quarries of blue limestone, which is used for paving floors and for burning into lime. The living is a vicar- age, valued in the king’s books at £14. I7. 3^., and in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Worcester : the tithes were commuted for land and money pay- ments, under inclosure acts, in 1776 and 1779 5 the glebe comprises 250 acres, valued at £380. The church, with the exception of the tow.er, was rebuilt in the reign of Henry VIII. Mrs. Mary Holland, in 1735, bequeathed £50 for the erection, and £200 for the en- dowment, of a school. CROPTON, a chapelry, , in the parish of Middle- ton, union and lythe of Pickering, N. riding of York, 4^ miles (N. W. by N.) from Pickerings containing 335 inhabitants. The township comprises by computa- tion 3824 acres, of which about 2000 are open moor- land : the village adjoins Cawthorn, on the eastern acclivities of the dale of the small river Seven. Excel- lent limestone is obtained, and is burnt into lime for building and agricultural purposes. The tithes were commuted for land in 1765. There is a chapel of eases also a place of worship for Wesleyans s and an estate, producing about £23 per annum, is appropriated to the support of a school. There are various tumuli, thought to be British, and a high mount called Cropton Castle s and at Cawthorn, within two miles, are vestiges of a Roman camp. CROPWELL, BISHOP (St, Giles), a parish, in the union, and S. division of the wapentake, of Bingham, S. division of the county of Nottingham, 4 miles (S. W.) from Bingham s containing 533 inhabitants. The parish comprises by measurement 1550 acres : there are quarries of blue lias, which is used for build- ing, and for burning into lime 3 and also several beds of gypsum, of which great quantities are sent into different parts of the country to be made into plaster for flooring. Facility of conveyance is afforded by the Nottingham 715 and Grantham canal, which runs through the parish. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5. 3. 4. ; net income, £172 ; late patrons and appropriators. Prebendaries of Oxton in the Collegiate Church of Southwell. The church is a handsome edifice, with a lofty square embattled tower. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. The old Fosse-road intersects the parish. CROPWELL-BUTLER, a chapelry, in the parish of Tythby, union and S. division of the wapentake of Bingham, S. division of the county of Nottingham, 8 :|: miles (E. S. E.) from Nottingham 5 containing 678 inhabitants. This place was anciently called Crophill- Botiller, from a circular hill situated between it and Bishop-Cropwell, and from its early possessors, the Botillers, or Butlers, of Warrington, in Lancashire. The chapelry comprises 1800 acres, of which 30 were allotted, at the inclosure in 1788, to the incumbent, in commutation of tithes. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. CROSBY, a township, in the parish of Cross- Can- NONBY, union of Cockermoijth, Allerdale ward below Derwent, W. division of the county of Cumber- land, 3 miles (N. W. by W.) from Maryport ; contain- ing 272 inhabitants. There is a school, endowed by John Nicholson with £10 per annum. CROSBY, a township, in the union of Glandford- Brigg, partly in the parish of Flixborough, N. division, but chiefly in the parish of Bottesford, E. division of the wapentake of Manley, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 8 J miles (N. W. by W.) from Glandford-Brigg 3 containing 199 inhabitants. CROSBY, a township, in the parish of Leake, union of North-Allerton, wapentake of Allertonshire, N. riding of York, 5|- miles (N. by W.) from Thirsk 5 containing 37 inhabitants. It comprises by computa- tion 1430 acres of land, of a generally fertile soil, and formed part of the estate of the late Peter Consett, Esq. The hamlet, consisting of only a few houses, is situated on the Cod beck, and on the road from Knayton to North-Allerton. CROSBY-GARRETT (St. Andrew), a parish, in East ward and union, county of Westmorland, 6J miles (W. by S.) from Brough 3 containing 274 inha- bitants, of whom 202 are in the township of Crosby- Garrett. This parish, which comprises the townships of Crosby-Garrett and Little Musgrave, separated by the intervening chapelry of Soulby, is bounded on the north-east by the river Eden, and on the south-west by a lofty verdant hill, called Crosby Fell. The village is beautifully situated at the foot of the Fell, in a deep and romantic valley, abounding with pleasing and pic- turesque scenery. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £19. 4. 4-|. 3 net income^ £1223 patron, William Crawford, Esq., lord of the manor. The church, which is seated on an eminence overlooking the village, is a spacious and venerable structure, containing portions of the Norman style. A small school has an endowment of about £8 per annum. CROSBY, GREAT, a chapelry, in the parish of Sefton, union and hundred of West Derby, S. divi- sion of the county of Lancaster, 7 miles (N. by W.) from Liverpool 3 containing 1946 inhabitants. This place is pleasantly situated on the coast, and is much 4 Y2 C R O S C R O S resorted to for bathing. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £119; patron, Rector of Sefton. The chapel was rebuilt in 1774. There is also a Roman Catholic chapel. A grammar school was founded in l6lS, by James Harrison, a native of the place, mer- chant of London, with an endowment of £50 a year ; the school-house is a good building of freestone, and the school is under the direction of the Merchant Taylors’ Company, London. There is likewise a school for girls, founded under the will of Catherine Halsall, with an endowment of £‘-25 per annum. CROSBY, HIGH, a township, in the parish of Crosby-i3pon-Eden, union of Carlisle, Eskdale ward, E. division of Cumberland, miles (N. E. by E.) from Carlisle 3 containing 146 inhabitants. This township is beautifully situated, and the air is remark- ably salubrious. CROSBY, LITTLE, a township, in the parish of Sefton, union and hundred of West Derby, S. divi- sion of the county of Lancaster, 7f miles (N. by W.) from Liverpool 3 containing 394 inhabitants. There is a Roman Catholic chapel. At Harkirk, in the town- ship, a number of Saxon and other ancient coins was discovered in I61 1. CROSBY, LOW, a township, in the parish of Crosby-upon-Eden, union of Carlisle, Eskdale ward, E. division of Cumberland, 3| miles (N. E. by E.) from Carlisle 3 containing 133 inhabitants. The village is pleasantly situated on the line of the military road from Newcastle to Carlisle. CROSBY- RAVENS WORTH (St, Lawrence) y a parish, in West ward and union, county of Westmor- land, 4 miles (N. by E.) from Orton 3 containing, with the townships of Mauld’s-Meaburn, Reagill, and part of Birbeck -Fells, 909 inhabitants, of whom 323 are in the township of Crosby-Ravensworth. The parish com- prises 8942«. 3r. \9p., and is celebrated for its breed of hogs 3 the hams are noted for their peculiarly fine flavour. Limestone is quarried extensively. The village is situated in a fertile valley, watered by the rivers Bir- beck and Lyvennet, which latter has its source at a place called Black Dub, where Charles II. halted, with his Scottish army. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 13. 4.3 net income, £1503 patron, Hon. F. G. Howard 3 impropriator, Earl of Lonsdale : the glebe consists of 28 acres, to which is attached a glebe-house. The church, a handsome struc- ture with a square tower, was rebuilt in 1814 : near it stands the ancient manorial mansion, a tower building embosomed in trees, and formerly moated. A school was founded and endowed by the Rev. William Willan, in 1630 : the schoolroom was rebuilt, in 1784, by William Dent, Esq., who, with others, raised the in- come to £30 per annum. Another school is partly sup- ported by an endowment of £25 per annum, accruing from land 3 and a third for females is endowed with £6 per annum. On the eastern side of Black Dub, and a little higher up, is a heap of stones, called Penhurrock, probably a tumulus raised by the Britons. CROSBY-UPON-EDEN (St. John), a parish, in the union of Carlisle, Eskdale ward, E. division of Cumberland, 4 miles (N. E. by E.) from Carlisle 3 con- taining 403 inhabitants. This place is supposed to have derived its name from an ancient cross, to which, in the time of Henry I., the inhabitants resorted for prayer, 716 previously to the erection of the present church on its site. The parish is finely situated on the river Eden, by which it is bounded on the south for nearly three miles, and is intersected by the military road from New- castle to Carlisle 3 the southern portion forms part of the beautiful and fertile vale of Eden, and towards the north the surface rises to a considerable elevation, com- manding extensive and richly varied prospects. Free- stone of a reddish colour, and of a fine compact texture, is obtained in the neighbouring quarries. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £3. II. 5^. 3 net income, £1065 patron and appropriator, the Bishop of Carlisle. The church, situated in the village of Low Crosby, is a small ancient edifice. An additional church has been erected 3 and a national school, built in 1806, is supported by subscription. In the northern part of the parish the sites of the Roman wall, built by Severus, and the ditch, by Adrian, are plainly discernible, CROSCOMBE (St. Marv), a parish (formerly a market-town), in the union of Shepton-Mallet, hun- dred of Whitestone, E. division of Somerset, 3 miles (S. E.) from Wells 3 containing 804 inhabitants. The parish comprises by admeasurement 1436 acres, and is watered by a small river, which in its course turns several mills, whereof two are for grinding corn, one for winding silk, and another used as a stocking manu- factory. A market, granted by Edward I., was formerly held 3 it has been long discontinued, but there is a fair on Lady- day. The living is a dicharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 6. 10|., and in the patron- age of five Trustees : the tithes have been commuted for £200, and the glebe comprises 15 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church is beautifully situated, and is a handsome edifice in the later English style, the tower of which is surmounted by a good spire 5 the pews are of carved oak. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists, near which stands an ancient cross, fourteen feet high. In the vicinity are vestiges of a Roman encampment, called Masbury Castle. CROSS, a tything, in the parish of Portbury, union of Bedminster, hundred of Portbury, E. divi- sion of Somerset 5 containing 9S inhabitants. CROSS, ST. — See Winchester. CROSSLAND, NORTH and SOUTH, in the parish of Almondbury, union of Huddersfield, Upper divi- sion of the wapentake of Agbrigg, W. riding of York, 3 miles (S. W.) from Huddersfield 3 containing 2826 inhabitants. The scenery in this neighbourhood is beautifully varied, consisting, to a great extent, of hill and dale, and the soil is rich and fertile. The chapelry of South Crossland comprises by measurement 1840 acres, of which about 250 are arable, 1100 meadow and pasture, 290 woodland, and 192 common : stone of excellent quality is extensively quarried. Crossland Hall and Healey House, each a good residence, are situ- ated here. The manufacture of woollen-cloth is carried on to a considerable extent. The chapel, lately made a district church, was erected in 1828, in the English style, with lancet windows, and a tower, at the expense of £2321, granted by the Commissioners for Building Additional Churches 5 it contains 650 sittings, of which 300 are free. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the Vicar of Almondbury, with a net income of £150. A rent-charge of £3 was given by Godfrey C R O S C R O U Beaumont, towards the support of a school 5 and in 1749, Sir John L. Kaye, Bart,, gave land for the erec- tion of a schoolroom, which has since been rebuilt. A national school was erected in 1835. CROSSTONE, a chapelry, in the parish and union of Halifax, wapentake of Morley, W. riding of York, 11^ miles (W.) from Halifax; containing 11,685 inha- bitants. This place, which derives its name from an ancient cross, now fallen to decay, comprises the two townships of Stansfield and Langfield, and is intersected by the Manchester and Leeds railway ; the surface is mountainous, and the scenery romantic. The popu- lation is partly employed in the cotton and worsted manufactures. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the Vicar of Halifax, with a net income of £150 : the chapel, or district church, was rebuilt in the early English style in 1836, at a cost of £3000, defrayed by the Church Commissioners, and contains 1030 sittings, of which 430 are free, and 405 appropriated to different farms. CROSS-WAY-HAND, an extra-parochial district, in the union of Oundle, hundred of Willybrook, N. division of the county of Northampton, 4 miles (N. W.) from Oundle ; containing 8 inhabitants. CROSTHWAITE {St. Kentigehn), a parish, in the union of Cockermouth, Allerdale ward below Der- went, W'’. division of Cumberland, ~ a mile (N. by W.) from Keswick ; containing 4759 inhabitants, and com- prising the townships of Borrowdale, Braithwaite, Cole- dale, Newlands, Thornthwaite, St. John’s- Castlerigg with Wythburn, Keswick, and Underskiddaw. This parish, which is very extensive, produces copper and lead ores, with plumbago, or black-lead, and abounds with interesting objects, noticed in the article on Kes- wick. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £50. 8. 11^.; net income, £312; patron. Bishop of Carlisle; impropriators. Sir John B. Walsh, Bart., and others. The church, an ancient fabric, was roofed with slate in 1812, having been previously covered with lead. Adjoining the churchyard is a free school, founded and endowed prior to 157 1, and having an income of about £100 per annum ; and in another school girls are taught on the national system. Near the head of the Lake are two saline springs, formerly in great repute among the inhabitants. CROSTHWAITE, a parochial chapelry, in the parish of Heversham, union and ward of Kendal, county of Westmorland, 4 miles (W. S. W.) from Kendal ; con- taining, with the constablewick of Lyth, 717 inhabitants. This extensive chapelry is bounded on the south-west by the mountainous ridge called Lyth Fell, or Whit- barrow Scar. The village of Churchton is small, but neatly built, and is situated in a picturesque and fertile vale. The manufacture of paper is carried on to a moderate extent, and there are a malting establishment and a corn- mill : in the hamlet of Raw are several lime- kilns ; and at Pool-bank is a manufactory of w^ooden hoops. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £113. The chapel, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and rebuilt in 1813, at the expense of the landholders, is beautifully situated near the village of Churchton. George Cocke, in 1665, bequeathed £60 for a school; the endowment arising from the bequest, augmented by the interest of £300, bequeathed by Tobias Atkinson, in 18 17 , and £13, out of the general fund, amounts to 717 £37 per annum. In Lyth Moss several large trees have been discovered beneath the surface. CROSTON {St. Michael), a parish, and formerly a market-town, partly in the unions of Ormskirk, Chorley and Preston, in the hundred of Leyland, N. division of the county of Lancaster ; containing, with the townships of Bispham, Bretherton, Croston, Mawdesley, and Ulnes-Walton, 3939 inhabitants ; but, including Tarleton, and Hesketh with Becconsall, 6369 inhabitants, of whom 1456 are in the township of Cros- ton, 6^ miles (W.) from Chorley. This place anciently formed one of the most extensive and valuable benefices in the county ; and for many ages the limits of the parish remained unaltered, but, at various periods since, it has been divided by authority of parliament into six independent parishes, viz., Croston, Hoole (separated in 1642), Chorley and RufFord, detached in 1793, and Tarleton, and Hesketh with Becconsall, in 1821. The market has fallen into disuse ; but there is a cattle fair on the Monday before Shrove-Tuesday. The living comprises a rectory and a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £31. 11. 10^.; patron, S. Master, Esq. The rectorial tithes have been commuted for £521 ; a rent- charge of £838 is paid to the rector of Chorley, one of £190 to the rector of RulFord, and one of £20 to the rector and vicar of Croston; the glebe contains 232 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church stands in a valley upon the margin of the river Yarrow, and was rebuilt in 1743, at an expense of £1834, de- frayed by a brief. An additional church has been erected at Bretherton. The Rev. James Hiet, in I66O, built a school-house in the churchyard, and endowed it with £400 ; and a school of industry was established in 1802, to which Elizabeth Master, in 1809, bequeathed £200. There is also a national school. CROSTWICK {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of St. Faith’s, hundred of Taverham, E. division of Norfolk, 5 miles (N. N. E.) from Norwich ; containing 147 inhabitants. It comprises 690a. 3r. 7p-, of which 600 acres are arable, and 30 common. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £2. 17. 6., and in the gift of the Bishop of Norwich : the tithes have been commuted for £190, and the glebe comprises 4 acres. CROSTWIGHT {All Saints), a parish, in the Tun- stead and Happing incorporation, hundred of Tun- stead, E. division of Norfolk, 3§ miles (E. by S.) from North Walsham; containing 69 inhabitants. It comprises about 740 acres, of which 481 are arable. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 6. 8., and in the gift of M. Shephard, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £150, and the glebe comprises 12 acres. Near the Hall, considerable remains are to be seen of the ancient manor-house, occupied by a branch of the Walpole family, of which the heiress married an ancestor of Lord Choimondeley, by whom the estate was sold about thirty-five years since. CROUCH-END, a hamlet, in the parish of Hornsey, union of Edmonton, Finsbury division of the hundred of OssuLSTONE, county of Middlesex, 5 miles (N. by W.) from London. This agreeable hamlet is situated on the road from London to the village of Hornsey, in a neigh- bourhood embellished with beautiful scenery, and con- sisting of the rich pasture and meadow land for which the northern environs of the metropolis are remarkable. CROW CROW CROUGHTON, a township, in the parish of St. Oswald, Chester, union of Great Boijghton, Higher division of the hundred of WiiIrall, S. division of the county of Chester, 4| miles (N. by E.) from Chester 5 containing 27 inhabitants. The Ellesmere canal passes through the township. CROUGHTON {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Brackley, hundred of King’s- Sutton, S. division of the county of Northampton, 4 miles (S. W.) from Brackley; containing 472 inhabitants. This place, w^hich forms the most southerly parish in the county, and is bounded on the south by a part of Oxfordshire, com- prises by admeasurement 2200 acres, whereof about 100 are pasture, and the rest arable, with the exception of 30 acres of plantation. It is crossed from east to west by the road between Buckingham and Deddington. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £15. 3. 6 |. ; net income, £324 ; patron. Viscount Ash- brook. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1807. Hr. John Friend, the learned author of a History of Physic, was born here in 1675. CROWAN {St. Crewenne), a parish, in the union of Helston, E. division of the hundred of Penwith, W. division of Cornw^all, 6 miles (N. by W.) from Helston; containing 4638 inhabitants. The parish con- tains several copper-mines, of which the principal, called Binner Downs, affords employment to 780 persons. Clowance, the seat of Sir John St. Aubyn, Bart., is in the parish. A fair for cattle is held at the village of Penge. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £11. 9. 2. ; patroti and impropriator. Sir John St. Aubyn. The great tithes have been commuted for £490, and the vicarial for £470, and the glebe contains 40 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church was beautified in 1832, when I90 additional sittings were provided ; it contains several handsome monuments of the St. Aubyn family. There are places of worship for Wesleyans and Bryanites. A spacious schoolroom was erected at an expense of £1000, by Sir John St. Aubyn, by whom the school, which is on the Lancasterian plan, is supported ; and a school for girls is partly maintained by subscription. From Crowan Beacon, a heap of stones of a conical form, and probably a cairn, are fine views of the surrounding country. Near the farms of Tregear and Drym are slight remains of an encampment ; at Burneston are vestiges of an ancient chapel; and on the Barton of Boletto is a singular spot, called Hangman’s Barrow. CROWBOROUGH. — See Croborough. CROWCOMBE {Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union of Williton, hundred of Williton and Free- manners, W. division of Somerset, 10 miles (N. W. by N.) from Taunton ; containing, with the hamlet of Flax- pool, 673 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the road from Taunton to Minehead, comprises by mea- surement 3063 acres ; the surface is finely varied, and the hills command an extensive view of the greater por- tion of Somersetshire, the Bristol Channel, and the Welsh coast. Some veins of copper have been found in the sides of the Quantock hills, and in the churchyard ; and coal is supposed to exist in the western portion of the parish. Stone is quarried for building, and for burning into lime. The place was formerly of greater importance than it is at present ; it was a borough, and the inhabitants being incorporated, enjoyed various pri- 718 vileges : a portreeve is still annually chosen at the court leet of the lord of the manor. At the entrance of the vil- lage is an ancient cross, in good preservation. A weekly market was granted in the reign of Henry III., and three annual fairs were once held ; but the market has been long discontinued, and of the fairs, only one is held, on the 31st of October. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £32. 14. 4^. ; patron, Robert Har- vey, Esq. The church is an ancient edifice, built of hewn stone, having a tower formerly surmounted by an octagonal spire, which was struck down by lightning in 1723, and was repaired at a cost of £231 : the interior was neatly fitted up in 1534, with well carved oak; and the north aisle, a handsome addition to the original structure, was built by the Carews, to whom .there are several fine monuments. Fragments of a cross are visible in the churchyard, and opposite to the church are the remains of another. Thomas Carew, in 1733, founded and endowed a school, of which the income amounts to £41 ; and there is another, supported by a bequest of the Rev. Dr. James, in 171d, with which land was purchased, now yielding about £12 annually : they are on the national system. In the vicinity of the court- house is a spring which ebbs and flows with the tide. Near the village is some land called the Field of Battle, where an engagement is said to have taken place during Monmouth’s rebellion. CROWELL {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Thame, hundred of Lewknor, county of Oxford, 5 miles (E. S. E.) from Tetsworth ; containing I69 inhabit- ants. It is situated at the foot of the Chiltern hills, and comprises about 800 acres, of which three-fourths are arable, and the remainder woodland ; the soil on the hill is chalky, and on the low lands light. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £7. 9. 9^., and in the patronage of Baroness Wenman : the tithes have been commuted for £240, and the glebe consists of 9^ acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The Roman Ikeneld- street passes through the parish. CROWFIELD, a chapelry, in the parish of Cod- denham, union and hundred of Bosmere and Claydon, E. division of Suffolk, 6 miles (E. N. E.) from Needham- Market ; containing 385 inhabitants. It is situated near the road from Ipswich to Debenham. The living is annexed to the vicarage of Coddenham ; impropria- tor, Sir W. F. F. Middleton, Bart. The chapel is dedi- cated to All Saints. A school is supported by the Hon. Lady Middleton. CROWHURST {St. George), a parish, in the union of Godstone, First division of the hundred of Tand- RIDGE, E. division of Surrey, 4 miles (S. E.) from God- stone ; containing 350 inhabitants. It is crossed by the Dovor railway, and comprises by computation 2000 acres, of which 1 1 50 are arable, and 780 meadow and pasture. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £65 ; patron and impropriator, George Rush, Esq., whose tithes have been commuted for £261, f., and who has a glebe of nearly 2 acres. The church is in the early style, with a tower and spire ; in the interior are several ancient brasses to the Gaynsfords and others ; the windows contain remains of stained glass. A school is supported by subscription. According to tradition, Henry VIII., on his way to Anna Boleyn at Hever Castle, visited Crowhurst-place, formerly the seat of the Gayns- fords, an old mansion surrounded by a moat. CROW CROW CROWHURST {St. George), a parish, in the union of Battle, hundred of Baldslow, rape of Hastings, E. division of Sussex, miles (S.) from Battle ; containing 326 inhabitants. This parish is finely situated, and beautifully diversified with hill and dale : about 70 acres are planted with hops. The chief substrata are lime- stone, sandstone, and iron-stone, which last is abundant, and was formerly wrought extensively, and smelted in several large furnaces erected for the purpose : there are also some powder-mills in the parish. The village is in a picturesque valley, in which also the church forms a pleasing feature. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10, and in the gift of T. Papillon, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £253, and the glebe comprises 24 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church, of which the nave was rebuilt in 1794, is a handsome structure, in the early and decorated English styles, with a square embattled tower : in the churchyard is a fine yew-tree, measuring 27 feet in girth, at a height of four feet from the ground. A school is chiefly supported by the rector and curate. Near the church are some interesting remains of an ancient religious house, of which the chapel is still in tolerable preservation. CROWLAND,or Croyland (St. Bartholomew and St. Guthlac), a parish, and formerly a market-town, in the union of Peterborough, wapentake of Elloe, parts of Holland, county of Lincoln, 8 miles (N. by E.) from Peterborough, and 89 (N.) from London j con- taining 2973 inhabitants. During the heptarchy this place was the retreat of St. Guthlac, who, in the reign of Cenred, eighth king of Mercia, retired from the persecu- tion of the pagan Britons into a hermitage, near which Ethelbald, in 716, founded* a Benedictine monastery to the honour of St. Mary, St. Bartholomew, and St. Guthlac, and endowed it with a considerable sum of money, and with the whole island of Croyland, formed by the four waters of Shepishea on the east, Nena on the west, Southea on the south, and Asendyk on the north, with a portion of the adjoining marshes, and with the fishery of the Nene and Welland.” This monastery, which, from the marshy nature of the soil, was built upon a foundation of piles, having been destroyed by the Danes in 870, was rebuilt by King Edred, in the year 948 : in 1091 it was by an accidental fire reduced to a heap of ruins, from which, under the influence of its abbot, who granted a plenary indulgence to such as should contribute to its restoration, it was again rebuilt, in 1112, but was destroyed by a like cause, about forty years afterwards ; it was a third time restored, with in- creased splendour, and continued to flourish till the Dissolution, when its revenue was £1217. 5. 11. The conventual buildings, which, from neglect, were gradually falling to decay, were almost entirely demolished during the parliamentary war, when the monastery was occu- pied as a garrison : the remains are highly interesting, consisting chiefly of the western piers of the eastern portion, in the Norman style, and of part of the nave and aisles of the abbey church, in which the south piers and arches, and part of the clerestory, are remaining, the western portion of which is partly Norman, and partly in the early and later English styles : the north aisle of the nave has been restored, and is now used as the parish church. The TOWN, which is accessible only by artificial roads, 719 consists of four principal streets, separated by water- courses, and communicating with each other by means of an ancient triangular stone bridge of singular con- struction, erected in the reign of Edward II., and con- sisting of one principal and finely groined arch, from which diverge three pointed arches over the streams Welland, Nene, and Catwaterj it is in the decorated English style, and on one side is a mutilated figure of Ethelbald, in a sitting posture, holding a globe in the right hand. The market has been removed to Thorney, in the county of Cambridge , but a fair is held, com- mencing on the festival of St. Bartholomew, and con- tinuing for tw’^elve days. The parish comprises about 13,000 acres of arable and pasture land, in nearly equal portions, a part of which is what is here called wash land,” on account of its liability to be flooded after con- tinual rains : the parish includes part of Deeping-fen, and a large estate named Postland, comprehending 6000 acres, the property of the Marquess of Exeter. The soil, under the influence of an efficient system of irri- gation, has been greatly improved, and much of the land, formerly unprofitable, from the morasses with which it was overspread, has been converted into rich pastures and fruitful corn-fields. A great number of geese and wild fowl are sent to the neighbouring markets, and an extensive fishery is carried on, for the privilege of which £300 per annum, formerly paid to the abbot, are now received by the crown. The living is a rectory not in charge 3 net income, £115 3 patrons, alternately, T. O. Hunter and James Whitsed, Esqrs. The church, though consisting only of the north aisle of the nave of the abbey church, is a commodious and very handsome edifice, chiefly in the later English style, with a low massive tower : the west front, which is highly enriched, is ornamented with several statues of kings and abbots, including those of St. Guthlac and St. Bartholomew, and of King Ethelbald, the first of whom was interred in a small stone building near the abbey, probably his abode while leading the life of an anchorite, from which circumstance, perhaps, originated its modern names Anchorage House” and ‘^Anchor Church House.’ The interior contains an ancient font, divided into com- partments, a cylindrical stoup, and some well executed screen-work 3 the roof is finely groined, and the win- dows are large, and decorated with elegant tracery. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. Between the river Welland and the marshes is a causeway, on which, at the distance of two miles from the town, is St. Guthlac’s pyramid 3 and in the neighbourhood are many stone crosses. CROWLE {St. Oswald), a parish, and formerly a market-town, in the union of Thorne, W. division of the wapentake of Manley, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 35 miles (N. N. W.) from Lincoln, and 164 (N. by W.) from London 3 containing, with the chapelry of Eastoft and hamlet of Ealand, 2544 inhabitants. The town is situated at the north-western extremity of the Isle of Axholme, near the river Don, and within a mile of the Stainforth and Keadby canal, which passes it on the north. The weekly market has been discon- tinued 3 but, from March till the end of May, a market for sheep and cattle is held on alternate Mondays, and there are fairs on the last Monday in May, and Novem- ber 22nd, for cattle, flax, and hemp. The county magis- trates hold a petty- session for the division 3 and con- CROW C R O X stables are appointed at the court leet of the lord of the manor. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £14. 10. 5 net income, £777 j patron and in- cumbent, Rev. G. Egremont ; impropriator, R. S. John- son, Esq. The church is a very ancient structure, of which the original character is concealed by repeated alterations and repairs. There are places of worship for Independents and Wesleyans 5 and a school has an endowment in land, producing £42 per annum. In 1747, the body of a woman was found in an erect posi- tion in the peat moor, near the town, which appeared to have been there for several centuries. CROWLE {St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Droitwich, partly in the Upper division of the hun- dred of Halfshire, but chiefly in the Middle division of that of OswALDSLOW, Worcester and W. divisions of the county of Worcester, 5 miles (E.) from Worces- ter^ containing 526 inhabitants. This place is situated in a district abounding with picturesque scenery 5 the approach from Worcester is by a beautiful range of hills, forming an amphitheatre, and commanding exten- sive prospects. The parish comprises l690a. 2r. 25jo., of which the soil is a strong rich clay : on the south side are extensive quarries of blue lias, which burns into excellent lime. The rivulet Bow skirts the parish on the east, and falls into the Avon near Fershore. About 100 persons are employed in the manufacture of gloves. The Worcester and Birmingham canal passes within a mile, and the Spetchley station of the Gloucester and Birmingham railroad is within two miles. Crowle Court, the interior of which shows it to have been a religious house, is a very ancient edifice, surrounded by a deep moat. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at£l 6 5 net income, £3065 patron, Samuel Crane, Esq. 3 impropriator. Geo. Earley, Esq. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment in 1806 3 the glebe consists of about ISO acres, to which there is a glebe-house. A parochial school is sup- ported. CROWLEY, a township, in the parish of Great Budworth, union of Runcorn, hundred of Bucklow, N. division of the county of Chester, 6f miles (N.) from Northwich 3 containing 175 inhabitants. CROWMARSH-BATTLE, a hamlet, in the parish of Bensington, union of Wallingford, hundred of Ewelme, county of Oxford 3 containing 93 inhabit- ants. CROWMARSH-GIFFORD {St. Mary Magdalene), a parish, in the union and parliamentary borough of Wallingford, hundred of Langtree, county of Ox- ford, ^ a mile (E.) from Wallingford 3 containing 330 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 6. 0|. 3 net income, £187 5 patrons. Trus- tees of Dr. Barrington, late Bishop of Durham. The church is a small Norman edifice, with two circular windows at the west end. A school is supported from the rates, and another partly by the rector. In the parish are some remains of ancient fortifications, sup- posed to have been raised by Stephen, either in 1139, when he besieged the Empress Matilda in Wallingford Castle, or in 1153, when he laid siege to that town. CROWNTHORPE {St. James), a parish, in the in- corporation and hundred of Forehoe, E. division of Norfolk, 2 miles (N. W. by W.) from Wymondham 3 containing 111 inhabitants. It comprises 685 acres, of 720 which 462 are arable, 154 pasture, and 68 wood 3 the common land was inclosed in 1777- The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £4. 12. 6., and in the gift of Lord Wodehouse : the tithes have been commuted for £145, and the glebe contains 16 acres. CROW^'TON, a township, in the parish of Weaver- ham, union of Northwich, Second division of the hundred of Eddisbury, S. division of the county of Chester, 5j miles (W. by N.) from Northwich 3 con- taining 454 inhabitants. CROXALL {St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Tamworth, partly in the N. division of the hundred of Offlow and of the county of Stafford, and partly in the hundred of Repton and Gresley, S. division of the county of Derby”, 7| miles (N.) from Tamworth 3 containing, with the township of Catton, in Derby, and that of Oakley, in Stafford, 258 inhabit- ants, and comprising by computation 319^ acres. The Birmingham and Derby Junction railway crosses the Thame and Trent near their junction in the parish, by a viaduct a quarter of a mile in length, supported on piles driven fifteen feet below the bed of those rivers, at an expense of £14,000. The living is a vicarage, endowed with part of the rectorial tithes, valued in the king's books at £5, and in the patronage of the Crown 3 net income, £489 5 impropriators of the remainder of the rectorial tithes, the jf’amily of Princeps. There is a school in union with the National Society. CROXBY {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Caistor, S. division of the wapentake of Walshcroft, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 5^ miles (E. S. E.) from Caistor 3 containing 106 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the road between Caistor and Louth, and comprises about 1500 acres 3 the soil is heathy on the hills, by which the surface is diversified, and there are some fine plantations. In the western portion of the parish is a large sheet of water, abounding with carp, tench, eels, and perch. The living is a discharged rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £6. 4. 2., and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithes have been com- muted for £310, and the glebe comprises 12 acres. CROXDALE, a chapelry, in the parish of St. Os- wald, Durham, union of Durham, S. division of Eas- INGTON ward, N. division of the county of Durham, 3^ miles (S. by W.) from Durham ; containing 262 in- habitants. The manor came into the possession of the Salvin family prior to 1474, and has ever since continued in their hands. Here flows a small rivulet called Crox- dale beck, the channel of which is a romantic dell of great depth and narrowness. A cross erected at this place gave name to the adjoining lands. The living is a perpetual curacy, endowed with the rectorial tithes 3 net income, £120 5 patrons. Dean and Chapter of Durham. The chapel, dedicated to the Holy Cross, is now a dis- trict church for parts of the parishes of St. Oswald and Merrington. There is a private Roman Catholic chapel at the Hall. CROXDEN {St. Giles), a parish, in the union of Uttoxeter, S. division of the hundred of Totmons- Low, N. division of the county of Stafford, 4 miles (E. S. E.) from Cheadle 3 containing, with part of Calton chapelry, 293 inhabitants. It comprises by admeasure- ment 2588 acres, of which 1638 are grass land, 480 ara- ble, 270 woods and plantations, and 200 common. The C R O X C R O Y living is a perpetual curacy ; net income £92 5 patron, Earl of Macclesfield. Gervase, Lord Pierrepoint, in 1715, bequeathed a rent-charge of £5 for education 5 and there is a school in union with the National Society. Bertram de Verdun, in II76, gave the monks of Aulney, an Normandy, a piece of land at Chotes, or Chotene (probably Cotton), to build a Cistercian abbey, which three years afterwards was removed to Croxden, where he and his family were buried 5 it was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, and at the general Dissolution had an abbot and twelve religious, whose revenue was valued at £103. 6. 7. The remains of this once stately and sump- tuous edifice exhibit good specimens of the early English style. CROXTETH-PARK, an extra-parochial liberty, in the union and hundred of West Derby, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 4 miles (W. N. W.) from Prescot. The tithes have been commuted for £152, of which £147 are payable to the rector, and £5 to the vicar, of the parish of Walton-on-the-Hill. CROXTON (St. James), a parish, in the union of Caxton and Arrington, hundred of Longstow, county of Cambridge, 3| miles (W. N. W.) from Caxton j con- taining 264 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the road from Cambridge to Oxford, and its general appear- ance is flat j it comprises by computation 2000 acres, and the soil is clayey and cold, but produces good crops of wheat. Croxton Park contains 150 acres of land, with a handsome residence. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14. 8. 6|. 5 net income, £185 ; patron, Samuel Newton, Esq. The tithes were commuted for land in 1811 ; the glebe comprises 347 acres, including 310 given at the allotment, and there is a glebe-house. The church, the interior of which is elegantly fitted up, has been extensively repaired by the patron, who partly supports a school. Edward Leeds, founder of the celebrated Leeds family, was buried here : he was vice-chancellor of Cambridge university, and master of Clare Hall, about the year 1540. CROXTON, a township, in the parish of Middle- wiCH, union and hundred of Northwich, S. division of the county of Chester, 1 mile (N. N. W.) from Mid- dle wich 5 containing 48 inhabitants. The Grand Trunk canal passes in the vicinity. CROXTON (St. John the Evangelist}, a parish, in the union of Glandford-Brigg, E. division of the wapentake of Yarborough, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 7 miles (N. E. by E.) from Glandford- Brigg j containing 105 inhabitants. It comprises 1476a. Ir. Ip., of wdiich about 1194 acres are arable, 179 mea- dow and pasture, and 103 woodland. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 14. 2., and in the patronage of the Crown, with a net income of £358 : the tithes were commuted for land in I8O9. Upon a lofty eminence, about half a mile westward of the village, are the remains of a large in- trenchment, called Yarborough Camp, supposed, from the discovery of coins, to be a Roman work. CROXTON, a chapelry, in the parish of Fulmo- DESTON, union of Walsingham, hundred of Gallow, W. division of Norfolk, 4 miles (E. by N.) from Fakenham ; containing 68 inhabitants. The chapel is dedicated to St. John the Baptist. CROXTON (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Thetford, hundred of Grimshoe, W. division of Nor- VoL. I.—721 FOLK, 2 miles (N.) from Thetford 5 containing 330 inha- bitants. There is an extensive rabbit warren. The liv- ing is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 13. 4. 5 net income, £98 j patrons and impro- priators, Master and Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. The tithes were commuted for land in 1813 3 the glebe consists of 32 acres. The church is in the decorated style 3 the lower part of the tower is cir- cular, and the upper part octagonal 3 the south aisle was removed more than half a century since. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. CROXTON, a township, in the parish of Eccles- HALL, union of Stone, N. division of the hundred of Pirehill and of the county of Stafford, Sf miles (N. W, by W.) from Eccleshall 3 containing 887 inhabit- ants. Tithe rent-charges have been awarded, amounting to £371. 16. 3., of which £157. 9. 6. are payable to the prebendar)?^ of High Offley, and £212. 12. to the pre- bendary, and £1. 14. 9. to the vicar, of Eccleshall. CROXTON-KEYRIAL (St. John), a parish, in the union of Grantham, hundred of Framland, N. division of the county of Leicester, 7 miles (S. W.) from Grant- ham 3 containing 650 inhabitants. It is the property of the Duke of Rutland, of whose mansion there are some remains, situated in a park in which races are celebrated at Easter. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 14. 7* f net income, £206 3 patron and impropriator, Duke of Rutland : the tithes were commuted for land in 1766;„ The church is a very handsome structure, in the later English style, with a tower rising from the centre. William Smith, in 17 H> bequeathed land, producing a rent of £11. 8., for which children are taught. W. Rymington left an estate, now worth £120 per annum, to the poor of this and three other parishes 3 G. Ashburne, a rent-charge of £15 to poor parishioners 3 and Anna Parnham, £300 for the poor, and £200 for the free school. Croxton Abbey was founded in 1162, by William Porcarius de Linus, for Praemonstratensian canons, whose revenue at the Disso- lution was valued at £458. 19. H. : one of the abbots was physician to King John, whose bowels were interred in the church. CROXTON, SOUTH (St. John the Baptist), a parish, in the union of Barrow-upon-Soar, hundred of East Goscote, N. division of the county of Leicester, 9 j miles (N. E. by E.) from Leicester 3 containing 297 inhabitants. It comprises 1400 acres, of which about 400 are arable, and 10 woodland. The living is a dis- charged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £8. 3. 4. 3 net income, £130 3 patron, Duke of Rutland. There is a school in union with the National Society. CROYDON (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Caxton and Arrington, hundred of Armingford, county of Cambridge, 6 miles (S. by E.) from Caxton ; containing 441 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Royston to Huntingdon, and comprises by mea- surement 2711 acres. The living is a discharged vicar- ^e, endowed with part of the rectorial tithes, with the rectory of Clapton consolidated, and valued in the king’s books at £7. 9. 7.3 patron, and impropriator of the remainder of the rectorial tithes, J. F. Gape, Esq. The tithes have been commuted for £531, and there is a glebe-house, with 10 acres of land. Some remains are visible of the mansion of the Downing family, many members of which were buried in a vault under the 4 Z CRO Y C R O Y church. Sir George Downing, Bart., of Gamlingay, was the founder of Downing College, Cambridge, for which he left nearly 1800 acres of land in this parish. CROYDON {St, John the Baptist), b, market-town athd parish, and the head of a union, in the First division of the hundred of Walltngton, E. division of Surrey, 9^ miles (S.) from London j containing, with part of Norwood, 16,712 inhabitants. This place, called by Camden Graded en, and in ancient records Croindene and Croiden, derives its present name from Croie, chalk, and Dune, a hill, denoting its situation on the summit of an extensive basin of chalk. By some antiquaries it has been identified with the Noviomagus of Antonine j and the Roman road, from Arundel to London, which passed through that station, may still be traced on Broad Green, near the present town. At the time of the Conquest it was given to Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, whose successors had for several centuries a residence here, which is said to have been originally a royal palace. During the war between -Henry III. and the barons, in 1264, the citizens of London, who had taken up arms against their sovereign, after having been driven from the field at Lewes, retreated to this town, where they endeavoured to make a stand 5 but part of the royal army, then stationed at Tonbridge, marched hither, and attacked and defeated them with great slaughter. The archiepiscopal palace, which, in 1278, was in its original state, built chiefly of timber, was enlarged by Archbishop Stafford, and subsequently improved by his successors in the see, of whom Archbishop Parker, in 1573, had the honour of entertaining Queen Elizabeth and her court for several days in this palace ; which, having afterwards fallen into a state of dilapidation, was alien- ated from the see by act of parliament, and sold in I78O : the gardens have been converted into bleaching- grounds, the proprietor of which occupies the remains of the palace. With the produce of the sale, and other funds, was purchased, in 1807, for about £25,000, Ad- dington Park, three miles and a half from Croydon, with a noble mansion, built by the late Alderman Trecothick, on the site of an ancient edifice said to have been a hunting-seat belonging to Henry VHI. : this mansion has been rebuilt by Dr. Howley, and is now the residence of the archbishops. The parish is pleasantly situated on the border of Banstead Downs, and within its limits are two of the three sources of the river Wandle, a stream abounding with excellent trout. The town consists principally of one long street, and is paved, lighted with gas, and watched, under the direction of commissioners appointed by an act passed in the 10th of George IV., for its general improvement : the houses are mostly substantial and well built, and many of them are handsome and of modern erection ; the inhabitants are plentifully sup- plied with water. In the vicinity are several mansions^ with parks and pleasure-grounds^ numerous detached residences, and rsinges of neat dwellingSi inhabited by highly respectable families •, the salubHty of the air, and its convenient distance from the metVOpolis rendering this place a chosen retreat for merchants and retired tradesmen. There is a theatre 5 and a Literary and Scientific Institution was established in 1838; The barracks, which were erected im 1794, form a neat range of building, containing accommodation for three troops of cavalry, with an hospital^ infirmary; and- all the re- 722 quisite stables, shops, &c. Within the distance of a mile east of the town is Addiscombe House, formerly the residence of the first Lord Liverpool, which, in 1809, was purchased by the Honourable the East India Com- pany, for the establishment of their military college; previously formed at Woolwich -Common, for the educa- tion of cadets for the engineers and artillery, but since 1825 open 'to the reception of cadets for the whole mili- tary service of the company, with the exception of the cavalry : there are generally from 120 to 150 students^ and under the auspices of the court of directors, the establishment has obtained a rank equal to that of any military institution in the kingdom. The buildings which have been at various times added to the original mansion, for the completion of the college, have cost^the proprietors more than £40,000^ The trade is principally in corn : the calico-printing and bleaching, which were formerly carried on exten- sively, have materially declined. A large brewery has been established more than a century ; and there are others of more recent date. A railway ^or the convey- ance of coal, lime, and other produce from the Thames at Wandsworth to Croydon, called the Surrey Iron railway, was commenced under an act obtained in 1801, authorising the company to raise a capital of £35,000, subsequently extended to £50,000, and afterwards to £60,000, for which it was completed and opened in 1805. The length of the line, including a branch of a mile and a half to Carshalton, is nine miles and a half j it is worked by horses. An act was obtained in 1803, for joining the Croydon railway with the Mer.stham and Godstone line, of which eight miles and a half only were completed, the company being unable to raise the whole of the capital of £30,000 granted by the act for its construction ; another act was procured in 1806, for raising new shares, or a loan, but the work was not accomplished, and the company was dissolved in 1839, and the whole of the line as far as it extended, was pur- chased by the London and Brighton Railway Company. The London and Croydon railway, which W'as opened on June 5th, 1839, has its first station contiguous to that of the Greenwich^ railway, near London Bridge, and pursues the line of that railway for nearly a mile and a half of its course : it then diverges from it by a viaduct, and pursues its course to New Cross; Sydenham, Penge, and Norwood, and thence to this town. The Croydon station and dep6t, formerly the premises of the canal company, which property was purchased for the forma- tion of the railway along the bed of the original canal; is a spacious establishment, covering nearly five acres of ground: The whole cost of the line amounted, in 1840, to £615,160, averaging, for the; expense of its construc- tion, about £70,000 per mile. The Brighton line of railway turns off from the terminus at Croydon, and passes on the east side^of the town, in a- southerly direc- tion towards Sussex. The market is on Saturday : fairs are held on July 6th for cattle, and’ Oct. 2nd for horses> cattle, sheep; and pigs p at the latter, which is also a pleasure-fair, a great quantity of walhutS is sold, X he town is within the jurisdiction of the county magis-- trates, of whom those acting for the division hold a petty-session every Saturday 5 and a head constable, two petty constables, andi two headboroughs; are ap- pointed at the court leet of the Archbishop of Canter- bury, who is lord of the manor. There is a court of C R 0 Y C R U D requests, for the recovery of debts under £5, every alter- nate week. The summer assizes for the county are held here and at Guildford alternately 3 and Croydon is the principal place of election for the eastern division of the county. The town- hall, a neat stone edifice, sur- mounted by a cupola, wa& erected in 1807, at an expense of £10,000, defrayed by the sale of waste lands belong- ing to the parish. The prison was erected by subscrip- tion among the inhabitants, on the site of the old town- hall, and is a large and substantial building, of which the lower part, containing several rooms, is used as the town gaol, and for the confinement of prisoners during the assizes, and the upper .part let for warehouses. Near the town-hall is a convenient market-house for butter and poultry. The parish comprises about 2000 acres, the larger portion of which is arable land. The living is a dis- charged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £21. 18. 9., and in the patronage of the Archbishop ; net in- come, £587 j impropriator, A. Caldcleugh, Esq. The church, begun by Archbishop Courteney, and completed by Archbishop Chichely, is a spacious and elegant struc- ture of freestone and flint, in the later English style, having a lofty square embattled tower with crocheted pinnacles. In it are deposited the remains of Arch- bishops Grindall, Sheldon, Potter, and Herring, and there are some very fine monuments, of which that of Archbishop Sheldon, bearing his effigy in episcopal robes, exceeds all in the beauty of its workmanship : there are likewise some ancient brasses : its finely-painted windows were wantonly destroyed during the common- wealth. Two new churches have been lately erected, partly by a grant of £300 from Queen Anne’s Bounty, and partly by a loan of £7000 from the Parliamentary Commissioners ; one, on Croydon common, dedicated to St. James, is a handsome edifice, in the later English style, with a small campanile tower, and contains 1200 sittings, of which 400 are free ; the other at Beulah Hill, Norwood, dedicated to All Saints’, is in the same style, and contains 1005 sittings, of which 632 are free. The livings are perpetual curacies, in the patronage of the Vicar 5 net income of All Saints’, £285 5 of St. James’, £185. A chapel of ease, dedicated to St. John, was erected at Shirley, in 1836, containing 250 sittings, 170 pf which are free. There are places of worship for Baptists, the Society of Friends, Independents, and Wes- leyans. The free school was founded and endowed in 1714, by Archbishop Tenison, and has an income of £130 per annum 5 schoolrooms were erected in 1792, at an expense of nearly £.1000, on a piece of land adjoining the old school-house, which, having become unfit for the purpose, wus let. The Society of Friends have a large establishment, removed to this place, ip 1825, from Clerkenwell, where it had existed for more than a cen- tury, for the maintenance and education of 150 boys and girls. A free school, originally founded and endowed by Archbishop Whitgift, in conjunction with the hospital of the Holy Trinity, is now used as a national school 5 and there is another in union with that society 5 also a British school, at the north end of the town. A school of industry for girls is kept in the chapel belonging to the old archiepiscopal palace 5 and another at Croydon common, and a school at Shirley, are chiefly supported by subscription. The hospital of the Holy Trinity was founded and 723 endowed by Archbishop Whitgift, in 1596, for a warden, schoolmaster, chaplain, and any number above 30, and not exceeding 40, of poor brothers and sisters, not less than 60 years of age, of the parishes of Croydon and Lambeth, who were to be a body corporate and have a common seal • it is under the inspection of the Arch- bishop of Canterbury 5 the income, originally not more than £200, has increased to £2000 per annum, and there are 34 brothers and sisters now in the hospital. The building, occupying three sides of a quadrangle, in which is a small chapel, is a handsome specimen of the domestic style prevailing at the time of its erection. Davy’s almshouses, for seven aged men and women, were founded, in 1447, by Elias Davy, citizen, London, who endowed them with land, now producing about £180 per annum : the premises were rebuilt about 70 years since. The Little Almshouses, containing originally nine rooms, were erected principally with money given by the Earl of Bristol, in consideration of land inclosed on Norwood common ; they have been enlarged by the addition of fifteen apartments, at the expense of the parish, for the poor. In 1656, Archbishop Laud gave £300, which Sum having been invested in the purchase of a farm and in the funds, produces £62 per annum, applied to the apprenticing of children. Henry Smith, Esq., of London, in 1627, left lands and houses yielding an income of £213, of which about £150 are distributed among the inmates of the Little Almshouses ^ and there are various other charitable bequests for the relief of the poor. The union of Croydon contains 11 parishes or places, and contains a population of 27,721. On a hill towards Addington is a cluster of 25 tumuli, one of which is 40 feet in diameter 3 they appear to have been opened, and, according to Salmon, to have contained urns. And on Thunderfield common is a circular en- campment, including an area of two acres, surrounded by a double moat. At Duppas Hill, it is said, a tourna- ment took place in 1186, when William, only son or John, the 7th Earl Warren, lost his life. In 1719, a gold coin of the Emperor Domitian was found at White- horse farm, in the parish, where also, within the last few years, a gold coin of Lselius Caesar, in good preserva- tion, and several others, were discovered 5 and in digging for a foundation in the town, in 1791, two gold coins of Valentinian, and a brass coin of Trajan, were found. CROYLANH- — See Crowland. CRUCKTON, a township, in the parish of Pontes- BURY, union of Atcham, hundred of Ford, county of Salop, 4 miles (S. W.*by S.) from Shrewsbury; con- taining 155 inhabitants. A church, dedicated to St. Thomas, being a chapel of ease to the second portion of the rectory of Pontesbury, was built by subscription in 1840, at an expense of £900 ; it is in the early English style, and contains 280 sittings, of which 160 are free. CRUDWELL {All Saints), a parish, in the union and hundred of Malmesbury, Malmesbury and Kings- wood, and N. divisions of Wilts, 6 miles (E.) from Tetbury ; containing, with the hamlets of Chedglow, Chel worth, Eastcourt, and Murcott, 681 inhabitants. It comprises 4782a. 2r. 3p., of which about 2266 acres are arable, 2314 pasture, and 128 wood. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £17. 5. 2^. ; net income, £487; patrons. Dean and Chapter of Salisbury. The church is a large and handsome edifice, in the Nor- man style ; on one side of the nave the columns are 4 Z 2 C R U W CUBE short and massive,, and on the other lofty and light. A school is endowed with land worth £18 per annum, and is further supported by the rector. Near this place runs the old Fosse- way to Cirencester. CRUMPSALL, a township, in the parish and union of Manchester, hundred of Salford, S. division of the county of Lancaster, miles (N. by W.) from Manchester 5 containing 2745 inhabitants. This place comprises 649«. Ir. 27p., nearly the whole of which is pasture land. The village” comprehends the township of Crumpsall, with a portion of Cheetham and Higher Broughton, and is commonly known by the name of Cheetham Hill. An episcopal chapel, dedicated to St. Mark, was erected in 1794, at the expense of the Rev. Charles Ethelstone, grandfather to the present incum- bent. In 1785, two cottages were erected for a school, and are now let for £22 per annum, £13 of which are paid in support of St. Mark’s charity school. Humphrey Chetham, founder of Manchester College, or Blue-coat Hospital, was born here in 1580 3 and Crumpsall Hall was formerly the residence of the ancestors of the Duke of Norfolk’s family. CRUNDALE (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of East Ashford, hundred of Wye, Upper division of the lathe of ScRAY, E. division of Kent, 9 miles (S. W. by S.) from Canterbury 3 containing 278 inhabitants. It is partly bounded by the river Stour on the west, and com- prises 1572a. 36p., of which about 980 acres are arable, 180 pasture, 250 wood, and 150 rough downs. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £11. 10. 10., and in the gift of Sir Edmund Filmer, Bart. : the tithes have been commuted for £37 L 9. 6., and a rent-charge of £23. 10. is paid to an impropriator3 the glebe consists of about 18 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The Rev. Richard Forster, in 1728, be- queathed a house and land, now producing £5. 16. per annum, which sum is paid to a natioi.. school, chiefly supported by subscription. At Crundale Green consi- derable remains of a Roman sepulchre were discovered in 1703, in which were- several skeletons, urns, and other vessels, both of earthenware and glass, with some coins, &c., supposed to have existed in the second cen- tury. CRUTCH, an fextra-parochial district, in the Upper division of the hundred of Halfshire, Droitwich and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, 2 miles (N.) from Droitwich 3 containing 9 inhabitants. CRUWYS-MORCHARD (Holy Cross), a parish, in the union of Tiverton, hundred of Witheridge, Cul- lompton and N. divisions of Devon, 5J miles (W.) from Tiverton ; containing 67 0 inhabitants. This place takes its name from the ancient family of Cruwys, whose seat, Morchard House, near the church, was originally built in 1199, and is now inhabited by their descendant, the Rev. G. S. Cruwys. The parish is situated on the new road from Tiverton to Barnstaple, and comprises by computation nearly 6000 acres. The living is a rec- tory, valued in the king’s books at £21. 11. 8. 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. G. S. Cruwys, whose tithes have been commuted for £524, and whose glebe comprises 150 acres, with a glebe-house. The church was struck by lightning in 1689, which rent the steeple and melted the bells 3 it contains a finely carved oak screen, and some ancient monuments to the Anerays, and one to the memory of the Rev. Edmund Granger. In the 724 churchyard is the burial-ground of the Cruwys family, the area of which is bounded by fir trees, marking out the site of the old family chapel, destroyed by Crom- well’s soldiers : large pieces of alabaster, fragments of broken monuments, have been dug up on the spot. CRUX-EASTON (St, Michael), a parish, in the union of Kingsclere, hundred of Pastrow, Kingsclere and N. divisions of the county of Southampton, 7 miles (S. S. W.) from Newbury 3 containing 102 inhabitants. The parish comprises by measurement 994 acres, of which 696 are arable, and about 200 woodland : the road from Andover to Newbury passes through the village. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £12. 12. 6. 3 net income, £1803 patron, James Bagge, Esq. : there is a glebe-house, with about 23 acres of land. The church was repaired about a century since by casing the old walls. There is a chapel of ease, called New Chapel 3 and a school is supported by the Earl of Carnarvon, In the neighbourhood are remains of several encampments. Here was the celebrated grotto constructed by the nine daughters of Edward Lisle, Esq., and commemorated by Pope 3 it has been suffered to go to ruin, the shell only remaining. CUBBERLEY (St. Giles), a parish, in the union of Cheltenham, partly in the hundred of Bradley, but chiefly in that of Rapsgate, E. division of the county of Gloucester, 4^ miles (S. by E.) from Cheltenham 3 containing 231 inhabitants. This place during the par- liamentary war afforded an asylum for one night to Charles II., who, travelling in disguise after the battle of Worcester, slept at the parsonage-house the evening before he effected his escape. The parish, which is situated within a quarter of a mile of the new road from Cheltenham to Cirencester, comprises by measurement 3421 acres : stone of inferior quality is quarried. The principal source of the river Thames, called the Seven- Springs, is in the parish : the stream turns a mill within half a mile from the spot whence it issues. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £10., and in the gift of Henry Elwes, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £470, and the glebe comprises 17^ acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church, said to have been rebuilt in 1330, by Sir Thomas de Berkeley, is a handsome structure in the decorated English style, and contains several ancient and interesting monumentS3 the statue of Sir Thomas is still remaining in a niche in the south aisle 3 against the north wall, under a recess, is the figure of a knight in bold relief 3 and there are also the effigies of a crukader, and of a lady in the dress of the fourteenth century. There is a place of worship for Baptists. CUBBINGTON (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Warwick, Kenilworth division of the hundred of Knightlow, S. division of the county of Warwick, 5 miles (N. E. by E.) from Warwick 5 containing 830 inhabitants. It is bounded on the south, and partly on the east, by the river Leame, and intersected by the road from Warwick to Rugby, and comprises 1858 acres of rich and productive land. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £6. 6. 8. 3 net income, £207 3 patron and impropriator. Lord Leigh. The church has been recently enlarged. A national school was established in 1821 3 and a bequest by John Glover, in 1762, of £250, for educating children, and one by Hannah Murcott, in 1775, of £100, for the C U C K C U C K establishment of a school, are applied towards its sup- port. CUBERT (St. Cuthbert), a parish, in the union of St. Colu'mb Major, W. division of the hundred of Pyder and of the county of Cornwall, 10 miles (N. E.) from Truro ; containing 368 inhabitants. It is situated on the shore of the Bristol Channel, and comprises by admeasurement 2440 acres : along the coast are several curious caverns, and a very large sand-bank, between 200 and 300 feet high 5 and there is a well, called Holy Well, on the beach, much resorted to for children dis- eased or weak in their limbs. A small cattle fair is held on the 3rd of June. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8. 6. 8., and in the gift of Charles Hosken, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £178, and the glebe consists of 20 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. The remains of two encamp- ments, supposed to be Danish, may be traced. CUB LEY (St. Andrew), a parish, in the hundred of Appletree, S. division of the county of Derby, 6 miles (S. by W.) from Ashbourn 5 containing 425 in- habitants. The living is a rectory, with that of Marston- Montgomery annexed, valued in the king’s books at £13. 16. 3., and in the gift of the Earl of Chesterfield : the tithes have been commuted for £380, and the glebe comprises acres, to which there is a glebe-house. A school is supported by the landowner and the rector. A fair is held on November 30th. CUBLINGTON (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Aylesbury, hundred of Cottlesloe, county of Buckingham, 6f miles (N. by E.) from Aylesbury j containing 290 inhabitants. It comprises 1200 acres, chiefly pasture land. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. I6. 3. j net inuome, £289 j patrons. Rector and Fellows of Lincoln College, Oxford. The tithes were commuted for land and a money pay- ment, in 1769. CUBY (St. Keby), a parish, in the union of Truro, W. division of the hundred of Powder, and of the county of Cornwall, adjoining the town of Tregoney, and containing I6l inhabitants. The parish is situated on the road from St. Austell to St. Mawes, and is bounded by the river Fal 5 it comprises 2000 acres, all arable, except about 8 acres of coppice. The living is a vicarage, annexed to the rectory of Tregoney cum St. James, valued together in the king’s books at £10. 4. 2. The church, with the exception of the porch and tower, was rebuilt in 1828; the interior is exceedingly neat, and contains a font curiously sculptured. CUCKFIELD (Holy Trinity), a market-town and parish, and the head of a union, in the hundred of But- TiNGHiLL, rape of Lewes, E. division of Sussex, 25 miles (N. E. by E.) from Chichester, and 38 (S.) from London, on the road to Brighton ; containing 3444 in- habitants. This place is situated on a pleasant eminence, nearly in the centre of the county : the pathways in the town are laid with bricks of a very firm and durable quality, formed of red clay, which is found within the distance of four miles, where also are strata of pipe- clay of peculiar whiteness : sandstone also is found in the parish. The London and Brighton railway, after being carried across the valley of the Ouse by a stately viaduct of 37 arches, passes within a mile and a half of the town, and for its further progress a bridge and embank- 725 ments have been constructed at Vale Pool. The market is on Friday ; and fairs are held on Whit-Thursday, and Sept. I6th, for horses and cattle. The county magis- trates hold petty- sessions for the division on alternate Mondays ; and the town is a polling-place for the eastern division of the county. Cuckfield Place is an ancient mansion, erected in the latter part of the sixteenth cen- tury. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £20. 14. 2. ; net income, £414 3 patron. Bishop of Chichester ; impropriators, the Landowners. The church is a large and handsome structure, in the deco- rated English style, with a square tower surmounted by a spire covered with shingles, which, from its elevated situation, has been frequently injured by lightning. There are places of worship for Independents and Uni- tarians. The free grammar school was founded in 1528, and endowed by Edward Fuller, Esq., of London, and the Rev. William Spencer, of Balcomb, with the manor of Redstone, in the parish of Reigate, and other estates ; the income is £28 per annum. Lady Dorothy Shirley erected the house, which adjoins the churchyard 3 also a gallery in the church for the scholars. There is a school in union with the National Society, for the instruction of the children of the poor. The poor law union of Cuckfield comprises 15. parishes or places, and contains a population of 17,132. CUCKLINGTON (St. Lawrence), a parish (for- merly a market-town), in the union of Wincanton, hundred of Norton-Ferris, E. division of Somerset, 2f miles (E. by S.) from Wincanton; containing 339 inhabitants. The manor anciently belonged to Henry de Ortiaco or L’Orti, to whom Edward I., in the 32nd of his reign, granted a market on Tuesday, and a fair on the eve, day, and morrow, of the festival of All Saints, and for seven successive days, both of which have been long discontinued. The living is a rectory, with that of Stoke-Trister united, valued in the king’s books at £12. 19. 4^., and in the gift of William Phelips, Esq., lord of the manor : the tithes of the two parishes have been commuted for £594.. %, and the glebe com- prises 99i acres. CUCKNEY, or Norton.-Cuckney (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Worksop, Hatfield division of the wapentake of Bassetlaw, N. division of the county of Nottingham, 5^ miles (S. S. W.) from Worksop ; containing 1697 inhabitants, of whom 625 are in the township of Norton-Cuckney.. The parish is watered by the river Poulter, and comprises 5284a. 3r. 2 Ip., of good land, all inclosed, and consisting of extensive pastures and some plantations : the township contains 1095 acres. The village is of considerable extent, and there are some worsted and cotton mills, which give employ- ment to a large number of children from the Foundling Hospital, in London. There is also a mill for polishing marble. A market and a fair were formerly held, but both have been long discontinued. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £9. 8. 6|. 3 patron, Earl Manvers 3 impropriators, Duke of Portland and others. The great tithes have been commuted for £726. 18., and the vicarial for £212. 5. 3 the glebe contains 19 acres, to which there is a glebe- house. The church is a large ancient structure with a handsome tower, and was thoroughly repaired and repewed in 1831. A school is supported by sub- scription. CUDH CUDDESDEN {All Saints), a parish, in the nnion of Headington, hundred of Bullington, county of Oxford, 6 ^ miles (E. S. E.) from Oxford 3 containing, ■with the chapelries of Denton and Wheatley, and the hamlet of Chippinghurst, 1483 inhabitants, of whom 305 are in the township of Cuddesden. This place has been for many years distinguished as one of the episco- pal residences of the bishops of Oxford. According to Wood’s Athence, a i)alace was built here in 1635, by Bishop Bancroft, at an expense of £3500, exclusively of a large grant of timber from Shotover Forest by Charles I. ; and this edifice was burnt down by Colonel Legge, in 1644, from an apprehension that it might be con- verted into ,a garrison by the parliamentarians, and was rebuilt in 1679, by Bishop Fell. The living consists of a vicarage and rectory, annexed to the bishopric, and valued in the king’s books at £17. 0. 5. : the great tithes have been commuted for £315, and the glebe contains nearly 30 acres. The church is a spacious and handsome cruciform structure, chiefly Norman, with some later portions 3 the west entrance to the nave is a fine specimen of the Norman style, and the arch under the tower is highly enriched with zig-zag mouldings and other details 5 there are some interesting monuments to Bishop Bancroft, who was interred near the south wall of the chancel, and to Bishops Moss and Jackson. A school is partly supported by the Bishop of Oxford. OUDDINGTON {St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union and hundred of Aylesbury, county of Bucking- ham, 5j miles (W. S. W.) from Aylesbury ; containing 626 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the river Teme, by which it is bounded on the north-west, and according to computation comprises 1240 acres, whereof the greater portion is arable, and the remainder ex- cellent pasture land : stone of good quality for building is extensively quarried. The living is annexed to the vicarage of Haddenham : the appropriate tithes have been commuted for £275, and the vicarial for £180 ; the appropriate glebe consists of nearly 16 acres, and the vicarial of 14 acres. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists. CUDDINGTON, a township, in the parish of Mal- PAs, union of Wrexham, Higher division of the hun- dred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester, 25 miles (W. by S.) from Malpas ^ containing 240 in^ habitants. The tithes have been commuted for £163. CUDDINGTON, a township, in the parish of Wa- VERHAM, union of Northwich, Second division of the hundred of Eddisbury, S. division of the county of Chester, 4f miles (W. by S.) from Northwich 3 con- taining 253 inhabitants. A school for girls is supported by subscription. CUDDINGTON {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Epsom, Second division of the hundred of Cop- thorne and Effingham, W. division of Surrey, f of a mile (N. N. E.) from Ewell 3 containing 158 inhabit- ants. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £7. 12 . 3j. : the tithes have been commuted for £381. 15. The church has been demolished. The celebrated palace called Nonsuch, built by Henry VIII., was situated in the parish. — See Ewell. CUDH AM {St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in the union of Bromley, hundred of Ruxley, lathe of Sutton-at-Hone, W. division of Kent, 7 miles (S. E, 726 C U E R by S.) from Bromley 3 containing 776 inhabitants. The parish comprises about 500 acres, whereof the soil is in general poor, and abounds with large flints 3 it contains many extensive woods, the most considerable of which is that called Cudham-Lodge Wood. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £13. 2. 2., and has a net income of £190 3 the patronage and impropriation belong to the Crown. A grant for a weekly market to be held here, was made by Henry III. CUDWORTH {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Chard, hundred of South Petherton, W. division of Somerset, 3 miles (S. S. E.) from Ilminster 3 con- taining 155 inhabitants. It comprises 436 acres of arable land, 520 pasture, and 98 wood 3 the prevailing timber is elm and Scottish fir 3 the surface is rather hilly, and the soil rests upon chalk 3 limestone is quar- ried. The Creech and Chard canal passes within two miles. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patron- age of the Prebendary of Cudworth, in the Cathedral of Wells, who is also impropriator 3 net income, £63 : the great tithes have been commuted for £ 200 , and the glebe contains 32 acres. The church is in the later English style. CUDWORTH, a township, in the parish of Roys- TON, wapentake of Staincross, W. riding of York, 4 miles (N. E. by E.) from Barnsley 3 containing 552 inhabitants. Mention of this place first occurs in the chartularies of Nostal and Bretton, both which monastic establishments possessed lands here 3 and among the families that have been connected with the spot as landed proprietors, occur those of Stapleton andJobson, which were of considerable note. Lands, too, here and in some neighbouring manors, were included in the endowment of the Savoy Hospital, founded by Henry VII. The township comprises by computation I 68 O acres of land, and contains the villages of Upper and Lower Cudworth. There is a place of worship for Wes- leyans. A school was endowed with a bequest from William Poppleton, in 1747, of £50 for the erection of a schoolroom, and! £300 to support the master. There are some small benefactions for the poor. CUERDALE, a township, in the parish and Lower division of the hundred of Blackburn, union of Pres- ton, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 3f miles (E.) from Preston 3 containing 106 inhabitants. It lies near the river Ribble. CUERDEN, a township, in the parish and hundred of Leyland, union of Chorley, N. division of the county of Lancaster, 5 miles (N. N. W.) from Chorley 3 containing 573 inhabitants. Petty-sessions for the divi- sion are held on Monday, once in five weeks. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for £55, and the impropriate for £29. 12 . 4. A school is endowed with land, of the annual value of £ 6 , and is further sup- ported by £7 a year from Lostock Hall estate, and £5 from Crooke’s bequest. CUERDLEY, a township, in the parish of Prescot, union of Warrington, hundred of West Derby, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 4| miles (W. by S.) from Warrington 3 containing 22 1 inhabitants. The im- propriate tithes have been commuted for £128, payable to King’s College, Cambridge, and the vicarial for £81. 11 . 6 . There is a school, endowed with a house and a quarter of an acre of land. C U L H CULL GtJGLEY, a ty tiling, in the parish and union of Newent, hundred of Botloe, W. division of the county of Gloucester, 8 miles (W. N. W.) from Gloucester j containing 490 inhabitants. CULBONE, or Kilner {St. Culbone), a parish, in the union of Williton, hundred of Carhampton, W. division of Somerset, 4 miles (W. by N.) from Por- lock ; containing 34 inhabitants. This parish, which is bounded on the north by the Bristol Channel, and ex- hibits the most romantic scenery, comprises by com- putation 1502 acres : the village, from the steepness of the surrounding hills, was, until within the last few years, scarcely approachable, except on foot. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £3. 18. ll|., and in the gift of the Earl of Lovelace: the tithes have been commuted for £35, and the glebe comprises 32 acres, to which there is a glebe-house. CULCHETH, a township^ in the parish of Win- wick, union of Leigh, hundred of West Derby, S; division of the county of Lancaster, 5^ miles (E.) from Newton-in-Mackerfield 5 containing 2193 inhabitants. The tithes have been commuted for £415, of which £345 are payable to the impropriator, and £70 to the rector. In 1727, Henry Johnson bequeathed £612. 6. for educating children ; and there are also two small bequests of £10 each, made in 1691 and 1702. GULFORD {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Thingoe, hundred of Blackbourn, W. division of Suffolk, 4f miles (N. N. W.) from Bury-St. Edmunds ; containing 352 inhabitants. The parish is bounded on the south by the river Lark, which is here navigable for small craft from Lynn to Bury, and comprises by com- putation ^209 acres 5 the surface is undulated, and the scenery diversified 5 the soil is generally light and sandy, but clay is found in some parts, and also a strong earth, well adapted for making white bricks. Culford Hall, the seat of R. B. De Beauvoir, Esq., lord of the manor, is an elegant mansion, situated in a spacious park. The living is a discharged rectory, consolidated with.those of Timworth and Ingham> valued in the king’s books at £8. Two schools are supported by Mr. De Beauvoir and the rector. Lord Cornwallis, who for his brilliant achievements as commander - in - chief in India, was created a marquess in 1792, and to whom, after his death, the parliament voted a monument in St. Paul’s Cathedral, was born here. CULGAITH, a chapelry, in the parish of Rirkland, union of Penrith, LsAn’H ward, E. division of Cum- berland, 7 miles (E.) of Penrith ; containing 36 1 in- habitants. It comprises 2697^^^. 2r. 26p., the whole arable, except 150 acres of woodland. From theCrow- dundle quarries is raised red freestone of excellent quality for building, of which blocks of immense size are obtained for pillars and other uses. The living is a perpetual curacy ; net income, £75 f patron, Vicar of Kirkland ; impropriator, Rev. R. Rice. The chapel is dedicated to All Saints. A school is endowed with land. CULHAM {St. Paul), a parish, in the union of Abingdon, hundred of Dorchester, county of Oxford, 1 mile (S. 8 . E.) from Abingdon; containing 494 in- habitants. This place,, which is nearly surrounded by the river Isis, was formerly the occasional retreat of the abbots of Abingdon, and in the ancient manor-house, now occupied as a farm-house,. i» a room still called the 727 Abbot’s chamber. The living is a vicarage not in charge; net income, £100; patron and appropriator. Bishop of Oxford. Here are two schools supported by subscription. CULLERCOATS, a township, in the. parish and union of Tynemouth, E. division of Castle ward, S. division of the county of Northumberland, 2 miles (N. by W.) from Tynemouth ; containing. 738 inhabit- ants. This place is a small sea-port, artificially con- structed, inhabited chiefly by fishermen, and remarkable for being, perhaps, the smallest township and manor in England, not extending further than the village and a plot of adjoining ground, and the whole of the land, ex- clusive of that covered by houses, not exceeding seven acres ; it is a mesne manor, the property of the Rev. Mr. Huddlestone, and is included in the parliamentary bo- rough of Tynemouth. In the bathing season the village is much frequented, the beach being firm sand, and suitable accommodation being afforded by lodging- houses for visiters. A school is supported by subscrip- tion, and the building is used on Sundays as a place of worship by dissenters : there is a small burial-ground belonging to the Society of Friends. CULLING WORTH, a hamlet, in the township of Bingley eum Micklethwaite, parish of Bingley, union of Keighley, Upper division of the wapentake of Skyrack, W. riding of York, 7 miles; (N. W.) from: Bradford. The lands have been inclosed, and afford good crops of corn and excellent pasturage : stone, also, is quarried for building. The village is pleasantly situated on an eminence commanding fine views of the vale below, and is chiefly inhabited by persons em- ployed in the worsted- spinning and Heald yarn manu- facture, for which there are large mills,, established in 1810, by Messrs. George Townend and Brothers. Near Cold-spring House, the seat of William Craven, Esq., is a remarkably fine spring of water. There are places of worship for Baptists, Wesleyans, and Primitive Methodists ; and a school is endowed with £10 per annum, under the inclosure act. At Spring-head is a Roman encampment. CULLOMin?ON {St. Andrew), a market-town and parish, in the union of Tiverton, hundred of Hay- ridge, Cullompton and N. divisions of Devon, 12 miles (N. E. by N.) from Exeter, and I66 (W. by S.) from London containing 3909 inhabitants. This place, which derives its name from its situation, on the river Culme, or Colurab, was held in royal demesne during the heptarchy ; and a collegiate church was founded here; at a very early period, by one of the Saxon monarchs, which was annexed by William the Conqueror to the abbey of Battle, in Sussex. In 1278 the inhabit- ants obtained the grant of a market from Edward I., which was confirmed by his successor in 1317:, with the addition of an annual fair. The town is pleasantly situated in an extensive vale, surrounded by a large tract of level country, and consists of one principal street, roughly paved, from which some smaller streets diverge ; the inhabitants are amply supplied with water, and the environs abound with pleasant walks. It suffered severely by an alarming fire that broke out July 8th, 1839, from the roof of a thatched tenement on the western side of the main street ; 132 houses and cot- tages w'ere reduced to ashes, including the whole of New-street. The chief articles of mianufacture are CULM C U M B broad and narrow woollen -cloth, kerseymere, and serge, which afford employment to several hundred persons : on a stream between the river and the town are two flour-mills, a paper-mill, and a mill for spinning yarn 3 and there are other manufacturing establishments, and also four tanneries. The Bristol and Exeter railway passes through the place. The market is on Saturday ; the fairs are on the first Wednesdays in May and No- vember, which are large marts for bullocks and sheep. The county magistrates hold a petty - session here monthly for the division. Three high constables are chosen for the hundred, of whom one acts for this and the adjoining parish of Kentisbeare 3 and six petty constables are annually appointed by the parishioners, three for the town, and three for the rest of the parish. The parish comprises about 9000 acres 5 the surface is greatly diversified with hill and dale, and the lower lands are subject to occasional inundation from the river Columb 3 the soil comprehends almost every variety. The LIVING is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £47. 4. 2.5 net income, £351 3 patron, R. B. De Beauvoir, Esq. 3 impropriators. Proprietors of estates. The church is an elegant and spacious structure, in the later English style, with a lofty square tower, strength- ened by highly enriched buttresses, and crowned with pierced battlements and crocheted pinnacles : opening into the south aisle is a beautiful chapel, erected in 1528, in the richest style of that period, by Mr. John Lane, whose remains are deposited in it : the roofs of the nave and aisle of the church are of oak, finely carved and decorated with gilding. There are places of wor- ship for Baptists, Bryanites, the Society of Friends, In- dependents, Wesleyans, and Unitarians 3 also a national school. A fund of nearly £70 per annum, arising from land bought with a donation from George Spicer, Esq., in 1624, is appropriated to the apprenticing of children 3 and £54. 10. per annum, arising from land purchased with a donation from John and Henry Hill, Esqrs., are given in clothing to aged men. There are also several other charitable benefactions, by means of which £1 00 are annually distributed among the poor. At Langford-Barton are the remains of an ancient chapel. CULM-DAVEY, a hamlet, in the parish and hun- dred of Hemyock, union of Wellington, Cullompton and N. divisions of Devon. Here is a chapel of ease to the rectory of Hemyock. CULMINGTON {All Saints) ^ a parish, in the union of Ludlow, hundred of Munslow, S. division of Salop, 5| miles (N. by W.) from Ludlow 3 containing 541 inhabitants, and comprising by computation 3500 acres. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £18. 9. 2. 3 net income, £605 3 patron and incumbent. Rev. W. Johnstone. A school is supported by B. Hounders, Esq. CULMSTOCK {All Saints), a parish, in the union of Wellington, hundred of Hemyock, Cullompton and N. divisions of Devon, 7 miles (N. E.) from Cul- lompton 3 containing 1446 inhabitants, of whom several are employed in the woollen manufacture. Fairs for cattle are held on the 21st of May, and on the Wed- nesday after the 29th of September. The living is a discharged vicarage, in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Exeter, the appropriators, and valued in the king’s books at £16 : the great tithes have been com- 738 muted for £320, and the vicarial for £355 3 the glebe contains 4;^ acres, to which there is a glebe-house. The church contains a handsome stone screen, with a doorway enriched and canopied with foliage, and was enlarged in 1824. There are meeting-houses for Baptists, the Society of Friends, and Wesleyans. A school is partly supported by the vicar, and partly by subscription 3 and another is in union with the National Society. CULPHO {St. Botolph), a parish, in the union of WooDBRiDGE, hundred of Carlford, E. division of Suffolk, 3^ miles (W. by N.) from Woodbridge3 con- taining 70 inhabitants. The living is a discharged per- petual curacy, valued in the king’s books at £5. 7. 11. 5 net income, £55 3 patron and impropriator, T. T. Gurdon, Esq., whose tithes have been commuted for £15. CULVERLANDS, a tything, in the parish, union (under Gilbert’s Act), and hundred of Farnham, W. division of Surrey, 1- mile (8. S. E.) from Farnham 3 containing, with Tilford, 509 inhabitants. CULVERLEY, an extra-parochial district, adjacent to the parish and liberty of Dibden, union of New Forest, Southampton and Southern divisions of the county of Southampton 3 containing 46 inhabitants. CULVERTHORPE, a chapelry, in the parish of Haydor, union of Sleaford, wapentake of Asward- hurn, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 5^ miles (S. W. by W.) from Sleaford 3 containing 139 inhabit- ants. The chapel is dedicated to St. Bartholomew. CULWORTH {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Brackley, hundred of King’s Sutton, S. division of the county of Northampton, 7f miles (N. E.) from Banbury 3 containing 713 inhabitants. It is situated near the borders of Oxfordshire, and comprises 2214 acres of a rich and productive soil. The living consists of a rectory and vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £10, and in the gift of S. Spence, Esq. : the rectorial tithes have been commuted for £509, and the vicarial for £191 5 the rectorial glebe contains nearly 24 acres, and there is a glebe-house. A school-house, built by Mrs. Danvers, was endowed, in 1795, with an annuity of £65, by Martha and Frances Rich 3 it is in union with the National Society. CUMBERLAND, the extreme north-western county of England, occupying a maritime situation, bounded on the east by Northumberland and Durham 3 on the south-east by Westmorland and Lancashire, from the former of which it is partly separated by Ulswater and the river Eamont, and from the latter by the river Duddon 3 on the west by the Irish Sea 3 and on the north by Scotland, from which it is divided by the Solway Firth and the rivers Sark, Liddell, and Kers- hope. It extends from 54° 12' to 55° 10' (N. Lat.) and from 2° 19' to 3° 37' (W. Lon.), and contains 1478 square miles, or 945,930 statute acres : within its limits are 34,574 inhabited houses, 2386 uninhabited, and 200 in the course of erection 3 and the population amounts to 178,038, of whom 86,293 are males, and 91,746 females. This county, in Saxon orthography Cumhra-land, sig- nifying the land of the Cumbrians,” derives its name from having been occupied, after the settlement of the Saxons in Britain, by a remnant of the ancient Britons, styled Cumhri, or Cymry : it was also designated Caer- C U M B C U M B leyl-schire, or Caerlielleshirej from its chief town Caerleyl, aow Carlisle. At the time of the Roman invasion, it tvas, according to Whitaker, inhabited by the Volantii, ar Voluntii, a ‘^people of the forests,” and the Sis- tu7itii, tribes of the Brigantes, whose territory was not subjugated by the Romans until the reign of the Emperor Vespasian. In the division of the island by the victorious Romans, Cumberland was chiefly included in the great province of Maxima Ccesariensis, which was separated from that of Valentia by the fortified wall crossing the northern part of the county. During the heptarchy it formed part of the kingdom of Northumbria, composed of the two smaller states of Bernicia and Deira. About the middle of the tenth cen- tury, it was ceded to the Scots, together with the greater part of Bernicia 5 and from that period it was sometimes under the dominion of their monarchs, and sometimes under that of the English sovereigns, till the year 1237, when it was finally annexed to the crown of England by Henry III. Its border situation has caused it to be the subject of many remarkable transactions, and the scene of numerous interesting historical events ; and even after the Scottish dominion over the northern counties of England had finally ceased, the feuds be- tween the two kingdoms raged with unabated violence for more than three centuries, during which this county was seldom long exempted from the horrors of'invasion, or the cruelties and depredations of border warfare. Life and property could only be preserved by a most vigilant system of watch and ward, and the construc- tion of numerous fortresses : almost every gentleman’s residence, particularly on the sea- side, or near the bor- der, had its fortified tower, sufficiently capacious to afford refuge to the inhabitants of the domain 5 and in some parishes the church towers were so constructed as to serve for this object. The border service and laws were instituted in the reign of Edward I. ; the former for the purpose of keeping a strict watch, establishing beacons, and regulating the musters in time of war ; and the latter for the punishment of private rapine and murders committed by individuals of either nation on those of the other, in time of peace. A Lord Warden of the Marches, whose authority was partly civil and partly military, was appointed on each side of the borders 5 the first English Lord Warden having been nominated in 1296 . The English borders were divided into three districts, called Marches, namely, the Eastern, Middle, and Western, Cumberland being included in the last. The wardens held courts, but ofFenders were frequently executed without trial. The union of the two king- doms, under James YL of Scotland and I. of England, having put an end to the devastating inroads and san- guinary retaliations which defile the border annals, that monarch took active measures for ensuring the peace of that harassed district 5 and to abolish as much as pos- sible the distinction between the two kingdoms, he ordered that the counties of England and Scotland which had been called the Borders should be styled the Middle Shires, and thus described them in his proclama- tion. He soon after banished the Graemes, or Grahams, a numerous clan, occupying what was called “ the de- bateable ground,” near the river Esk, who had long been an annoyance both to their own countrymen and the in- habitants of Cumberland. Notwithstanding these pre- cautionary measures, outrages and robberies continued VoL. I . — 729 to be perpetrated on the borders for some time after James’ accession to the English throne, which caused him to issue several special commissions, under which various beneficial regulations were adopted. All per- sons, ‘^saving noblemen and gentlemen unsuspected of felony or theft, and not being broken clans,” in the counties lately called the Borders, were forbidden to wear any armour, or weapons offensive or defensive, or to keep any horse above the value of 60s., on pain of imprisonment. Slough-dogs, or blood-hounds, for pur- suing the offenders through the mosses, sloughs, or bogs (who thus acquired the name of moss-troopers), were ordered to be kept at the charge of the inhabitants of certain districts j and the laws were enforced against them with the utmost severity^ : nevertheless, they were not finally extirpated until the reign of Queen Anne. Cumberland is chiefly in the archdeaconry and dio- cese of Carlisle, in which it comprises the deaneries of Carlisle, Penrith, and Wigton 3 but the ward of Al- lerdale above Derwent is in the deanery of Copeland, archdeaconry of Richmond, and diocese of Chester 3 and the parish of Alston-Moor is in the diocese of Durham : the entire county is in the province of York, and contains 104 parishes. By the act of the 6 th and 7 th of William IV., cap. 77, it is proposed to place the county wholly in the diocese of Carlisle. For purposes of civil jurisdiction it is divided into five wards (a term peculiar to the border counties), respectively denomi- nated Allerdale above Derwent, Allerdale below Derwent, Cumberland, Eskdale, and Leath. It comprises the city and inland port of Carlisle 3 the ancient borough and market-town of Cockermouth 3 the sea-port, market- town, and newly-enfranchised borough of Whitehaven 3 the market and sea-port towns of Maryport, Raven- glass, and Workington ; the small but thriving sea-port of Harrington 5 and the market-towns of Alston-Moor, Aspatria, Bootle, Brampton, Egremont, Hesket-New- market, Keswick, Kirk-Oswald, Longtown, Penrith, and Wigton. By the act of the 2 nd of William IV., cap. 45 , the county sends four representatives to parliament, and for that purpose is divided into two portions, called the Eastern and Western divisions, the former composed of the wards of Cumberland, Eskdale, and Leath 3 and the latter of those of Allerdale above and below Derwent. Carlisle and Cockermouth each return two members 3 and Whitehaven, by the late act, is invested with the privilege of sending one. Cumberland is included in the Northern Circuit : the assizes and the Easter and Mid- summer quarter-sessions are held at Carlisle, where stands the common gaol and house of correction 3 the Epiphany sessions, at Cockermouth 3 and the Michael- mas^ sessions, at Penrith. The SURFACE of the county is beautifully diversified with level plains and swelling eminences, deep seques- tered vales and lofty mountains, open heathy commons and irregular inclosures, in some parts richly decorated with tufted groves and thriving plantations, and the whole enlivened with almost innumerable streams and extensive lakes. The mountainous and the level dis- tricts form its marked natural divisions: the latter occupy chiefly the northern and western parts, and though well cultivated and fertile, do not afford any interesting scenery, except along the courses of the several rivers : the mountainous lands, between which and the plains there are generally lower ranges of 5 A C U M B C U M B smooth hills, commonly denominated may be di- vided into two extensive districts, equally incapable of agricultural improvement, but differing considerably in character. The entire eastern and north-eastern sides of the county, bordering on Durham and Northumberland, form the highest part of the mountainous chain that runs through the centre of the island from Staffordshire to Linlithgow, and are chiefly comprised under the desig- nations of Cross Fell, Hartside Fell, Geltsdale Forest, and Spadeadam Waste, amongst which, Cross Fell rises pre-eminently to the height of 2902 feet, and, though steep on its western side, has a very gentle de- clivity eastward. These mountains, to the south-east, are separated by the level tracts bordering on the rivers Eden, Eamont, Petterill, and Caldew, from those occu- pying the southern part of the county, which are among the most elevated in Britain, and present a great variety of grand and picturesque forms, their sides being steep and rugged, and in some places ornamented with woods 3 while the deep vales, mostly rich and in a high state of cultivation, and in many parts well wooded, contain, in numerous instances, lakes of considerable extent ; the whole forming some of the most romantic and pic- turesque scenery in the kingdom, deservedly eulogized in the descriptive tours of several ingenious writers, and comprehending a pleasing variety of subjects for the most successful efforts of the pencil. The most valuable of the minerals are coal and lead 3 in addition to which the county produces the singular mineral substance called wad, or black-lead, slate, copper, iron, and lapis calaminaris. The coal district is supposed to occupy an extent of about 100 square miles : the principal collieries on the coast are at Whitehaven and Workington, which supply by far the chief portion of the coal imported into Ireland. The singular species called ‘^cannel coal” is procured in different parts, par- ticularly in the parishes of Caldbeck and Bolton. The most important lead- mines are those at Alston-Moor, which were discovered and first worked by Francis, first Earl of Derwentwater 3 and on the attainder of the third earl, were, together with the manor and his other estates, forfeited to the crown, and appropriated to the endowment of Greenwich Hospital. The ore con- tains a proportion of silver, averaging from, eight to ten oz. per ton : copper-ore has sometimes been found in the same vein with the lead, and this metal was for- merly exported from the county in large quantities, being likewise found at Caldbeck, Melmerby, and Hes- ket : it is also in the lead-mines that the lapis calamU naris is found. Iron-ore of a rich quality is procured in the mines of Whitehaven, and exported to the works in South Wales : there are iron-mines at Crowgarth, in the parish of Cleator, and at Bigrigg, in that of Egremont 5 and on the sea-shore, near Harrington, iron-stone is collected, and a few hundred tons annually sent to Ul- verstone. The celebrated mine of wad,” or black-lead, at the head of Borrowdale, is described in the account of that place. The limestone near the sea- coast is burned in great quantities for exportation, particularly at Over- end, near Hensingham, and at Distington, from each of which places about 350,000 bushels are annually sent to Scotland. At Allhallows, Brigham, Cleator, Hodbarrow- in-Millom, Ireby, Plumbland, Sebergham, Uldale, &c., are lime- works for inland consumption 3 and the barony of Gilsland is supplied from the parishes of Castle- rso Carrock, Denton, and Farlara. The gypsum, or ala- baster, is more especially abundant in the parishes of Wetheral, St. Cuthbert (Carlisle), and St. Bees, on the sea-coast, about a mile from Whitehaven, whence 500 or 600 tons are annually exported to Dublin, Glasgow, and Liverpool, where it is principally used in the composi- tion of stucco. Of the freestones,, which abound and are worked in most parts of the county, there are two quarries producing some of an excellent quality, both red and white, in the neighbourhood of Whitehaven, whence much of their produce is shipped for Ireland, Scotland, and the Isle of Man. At Negill and Barn- gill, near the same port, are export quarries of grind- stones 3 and in the townships of Bassenthwaite, Borrow- dale, Buttermere, Cockermouth, and Ulpha, are quarries of excellent blue slate 3 that obtained in Borrowdale is of the best quality. Numerous mineral substances of minor importance, and a great variety of spars and metallic fossils, are likewise found 3 and divers extra- neous fossils, also, are discovered imbedded in the lime- stone strata in several places. The Manufactures are various. That of calico and ginghams, at present the principal, was first established at Dalston, and soon extended to Carlisle and Penrith, at all which places there are large cotton-works : the printing of cotton, which is nearly of equal magnitude, is carried on at Carlisle, and has been the means of greatly increasing the population. At Cleator, Egre- mont, and Whitehaven, sail-cloth is manufactured ; and at Keswick, coarse woollen cloths and blankets. Coarse earthenware is made at Dearham and Whitehaven, and bottles at the Ginns, near that town 3 and there are iron-foundries at Carlisle, Dalston, and Seaton, near W^orkington 3 paper-mills at Cockermouth, Egremont, and Kirk-Oswald 3 and several yards for ship-building at Maryport, Whitehaven, and Workington, besides every kind of manufacture necessary for the shipping. The fisheries, too, are of some importance : there are herring fisheries at Allonby, Maryport, and Whitehaven, the last on a very extensive scale 3 and a great quantity of cod is taken on this coast. In the Esk, Eden, and Derwent are valuable salmon fisheries, the produce of which is sent from Carlisle and Bowness to London, to which place the char taken in the lakes is also for- warded, after being potted at Keswick. The pearls, still occasionally found in the muscles of the Irt, were once highly esteemed. The two principal Rivers are the Eden and the Derwent, the former of which, after being aug- mented in different parts of its course by the Eamont, Irthing, Caldew, and Petterill, empties itself into the Solway Firth, and in its lower reaches was made navi- gable up to Carlisle bridge, to which the tide ascends, a distance of somewhat more than ten miles, under the authority of an act of the 8 th of George 1 . 3 but the passage was so much impeded by shoals as to render it a very imperfect line of navigation, and its use is now almost wholly superseded by that of the Carlisle canal, which was constructed under an act obtained in 1819 , and, commencing at Carlisle, communicates with the Solway Firth at Fisher s Cross, near Bowness. There are also the Esk, the Liddell, the Levon or Line, and a, vast number of smaller streams. The Newcastle and. Carlisle railway was begun under the authority of an act obtained in 1829, and opened June 18th, 1838 3 it ex- tends for sixty-one miles from the canal basin at Carlisle C U M B C U M B to Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and was commenced with a capita] of £400,000, subsequently augmented to £950,000. The Maryport and Carlisle railway, for the conveyance of coal is ^8 miles in length, extending from the harbour of Maryport, and connecting it with the Newcastle railway at Carlisle 5 the original capital was £180,000, since augmented to £240,000. The REMAINS of distant ages are numerous and inte- resting. There is even a considerable number of the rude memorials of the aboriginal inhabitants, the largest and most complete of which is the circle of stones vulgarly called Long Meg and her Daughters,” in the parish of Addingham. About a mile and a half south- east of Keswick is a smaller circle, having an oblong inclosure on the east side ^ another, named the Grey Yawd,” is in the parish of Cumwhitton, and a third, at a place designated Swinside, near Millora, with part of another near it 5 and kistvaens, and rude weapons and tools of the ancient British inhabitants, have been found in various places, especially in the south-western part of the county, near the sea-coast. Cumberland is thought to have contained several British cities, of which Carlisle is enumerated by Richard of Cirencester as one ; and it was formerly crossed by a great trackway, probably of British construction, that extended from the banks of the Earnout through Carlisle, nearly in the line of the present turnpike-road. The Maiden-way,” from Kirby- Thore to Bewcastle, which seems to have been another British road, may still be traced across the moors in the eastern and north-eastern extremities of the county, in its course into Scotland. The celebrated Roman wall, constructed by the Emperor Severus, nearly in the line of a vallum of earth previously raised by Adrian, to check the incursions of the northern barbarians, crossed the northern portion of the county, and may yet be traced in different parts of its course, particularly near Burdos- wald, Lanercost priory, and within about a mile of its termination on the shore of the Solway Firth. Of the stations that were placed along the line of this barrier, the first that occurs in following its course westward from the border of Northumberland is that at Burdos- wald, which, from the numerous inscriptions and other relics, appears to have been the one called in the Notitia Awboglana, occupied by the Cohors Prima (Elia Dacorum, and the remains of which evince its former extent and importance. The next is at Castlesteads, or Cambeck Fort, six miles and a quarter further, which is supposed to have been the Petriana of the Notitia 5 three miles beyond is Watchcross, conjectured to have been the Roman Aballaha ; the next was that of Congaveta, at Stanwix, just opposite Carlisle 3 at Burgh-on-the-Sands, about four miles and a half further, was the station Axelodunum, on the site of which urns, altars, and in- scriptions have frequently been founds at Drumburgh are evident remains of another station, probably Gabro- centum ; and the last remains of the wall point to a spot supposed to be the site of the station Tunnocelum, the last on this line of defence. Of the stationes per lineam vain, placed so as to afford support to the garrisons of those on the wall, Cumberland contained six, whereof that of Ellenborough, the name of which is doubtful, was one of the most important : on its site the greatest number of Roman antiquities has been found. At Papcastle, near Cockermouth, was another, supposed to have been called Djerventio ,• at Old Carlisle 731 was one more considerable, of which there are extensive remains, as also of that at Old Penrith, or Plumpton- w^all, the Voreda of Antonine and Richard of Cirences- ter ; at Moresby was one, thought to have been Arbeia ; and the sixth was the station Bremetenracum, the site of which has not been ascertained. There are likewise re- mains of two advanced stations on the north side of the wall, one at Bewcastle, and the other at Netherby, on the Esk. Carlisle was the Luguballium of the Romans 3 and, from the great number of military stations, no county in England, except Northumberland, has pro- duced so many Roman altars and inscribed stones as Cumberland, besides a profusion of miscellaneous Roman antiquities. The principal Homan road across the county, which has been designated the larger road of Severus,” ran nearly parallel with the wall, a little to the south of it, and is yet visible from Willowford across the Irthing to Walbours, a little beyond which place, after being for some distance very conspicuous, all trace of it is lost for some miles until near Watchcross, where it re-ap- pears, but is soon after finally lost. Both the British trackways above mentioned were subsequently important Roman roads, especially the first, which passed by the stations at Plumpton-w^all and Carlisle, and crossed the Roman wall at Stanwix, whence it proceeded by Long- towm and Solway Moss into Dumfries-shire ; from Long- town a branch diverges north-eastward, towards the station at Netherby, and thence to a Roman post at the junction of the Esk and Liddell, and onward to that of Castle- Over, in Dumfries-shire. No few^er than three Roman roads diverged from the station at Ellenborough, one along the coast towards Bowness, another to Pap- castle, and the third north-eastward to the station at Old Carlisle, which it passed to the left, proceeding in a direct line tow^ards Carlisle cathedral. A Roman road that connected the stations at Ambleside and Plump- ton-wall, is still visible in various places, especially near the Whitbarrow camp, which was a post of some com sequence between the two Roman towns : at this point terminates a road from the station at Brougham, in Westmorland. Another Roman road, formed of pebbles and freestone, extends from the parish of Egremont through those of Cleator, Arlochden, and Lamplugh, towards Cockermouth. Prior to the Reformation, there were eleven Religious Houses, besides two collegiate establishments and two hospitals, within the limits of the county : of :these, there yet remain the churches of the monasteries of St. Bees, Carlisle (now the cathedral), and Lanercost, part of that of Holme-Cultram, and various ruined buildings of Calder Abbey, the priories of St. Bees, Carlisle, and Wetheral, and the nunnery of Seaton. The remains of the abbey church of Holme-Cultram, and of Lanercost priory, exhibit specimens of the earliest English archi- tecture, having the pointed arch united with the massive Norman pillar 5 those of Seaton nunnery have lancet- shaped windows and slender pillars. The ancient castles, owing to the border situation, are remarkably numerous 5 but most of them are now either in ruins or in a state of considerable dilapidation. Independently of these, few of the ancient mansions present any remarkable feature, except the large square tower of three or four stories attached to most of them, intended to afford refuge for the family on any sudden predatory inroad of the Scots* 5 A - .^ C U M B C U M W The most remarkable Mineral wafer is the sulphureous spring at Gilsland, celebrated for the cure of cutaneous disorders, and long resorted to on account of its valuable properties : besides a considerable portion of sulphur, its waters contain a small quantity of sea salt, and a slight admixture of earthy particles. There is also a strong sulphureous spring in the township of Biglands, in the parish of Aikton 5 and a saline spring at Stanger, two miles north of Lorton, which nearly resembles the Cheltenham water, turning white on the infusion of spirit of hartshorn, and precipitating particles, chiefly saline, on the application of oil of tartar. There are likewise many other mineral springs, but their proper- ties have not been accurately ascertained. Cumberland gives the title of Duke to the King of Hanover, fifth son of King George III., who was created Earl of Ar- magh, and Duke of Cumberland and Tiviotdale, in the year 1799. CUMBERWORTH (^t. Helen), a parish, in the union of Spilsby, Marsh division of the hundred of Calcew^orth, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, miles (S. E. by E.) from Alford j containing 183 in- habitants, and comprising 1228a. 3 Ip. The living is a discharged rectory, united in 1733 to the rectory of Anderby, and valued in the king’s books at £10. 10. 2^. 3 patrons. Master and Fellows of Magdalen College, Cam- bridge. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, in 1819; the glebe comprises 215 acres. The church was rebuilt at the expense of the incumbent, the Rev. John Lodge, and opened for divine service in 1839 ; it is a handsome structure, in the decorated English style. Here is a place of worship for Wesleyans 5 and a school is partly supported by the rector. CUMBERWORTH, a chapelry, partly in the parish of High Hoyland, and partly in that of Silkstone, wapentake of Staincross, W. riding of York, 8 miles (W.) from Barnsley; containing I867 inhabitants. This chapelry, which is divided into Upper and Lower, com- prises 2360 acres, principally the property of T. Went- worth Beaumont, Esq . the population is chiefly agri- cultural, but partly employed in the woollen and fancy manufactures. The villages of Upper and Lower Cum- berworth are both of considerable antiquity, and in the former is the chapel of St. Nicholas, an ancient building situated on a high hill. The living is a donative, in the patronage of Mr. Beaumont. The tithes, which were commuted for 40 acres of land, in 1800, at the inclosure of the commons, formerly belonged to the ancestors of the patron, the Wentworths, of Bretton Park, who were lords of the manor, and obtained a grant of the donative in consideration of their endowing the living with the tithes of the township ; they afterwards augmented the benefice by inclosing 34 acres of land from the waste. In Upper Cumberworth is a capacious building used as a day and Sunday school; there is a house for the master. CUMBERWORTH-HALF, a township, partly in the parish of Emley, Lower division of Agbrigg wapen- take, and partly in the parish of Kirk-Burton, union of Huddersfield, Upper division of Agbrigg wapen- take, W. riding of York ; containing 1480 inhabitants* The township includes part of the hamlets of Skelman- thorpe and Scissett, and comprises by computation 800 acres. 732 ' CUMDEVOCK, a township, in the parish of Dal- ston, union of Carlisle, Cumberland ward, and E. division of the county of Cumberland, 6 miles (S. S. W.) from Carlisle ; containing 36 1 inhabitants. CUMMERSDALE, a township, in the parish of St. Mary, liberty and union of Carlisle, E. division of Cumberland, miles (S. by W.) from Carlisle; con- taining 620 inhabitants. CUMNER {St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Abingdon, hundred of Hormer, county of Berks; comprising the tythings of Bradley, Chawley, Henwood, Hillend, Stroud, Swinford, and Whitley, the liberty of Chilsweil, and the township of Cumner ; and containing 1058 inhabitants, of whom 608 are in the township of Cumner, 5:|: miles (N. N. W.) from Abingdon. This was anciently one of the appendages to the abbey of Abingdon, whose abbots had a residence here called Cumner Hall, now in ruins, which is noted as the place of the murder of the Countess of Leicester, by the direc- tion of her husband, the favourite of Queen Elizabeth ; and many of the scenes of Sir Walter Scott’s Kenilworth are connected with this locality. The parish comprises 6637a. 2r. 38p. ; the surface is very elevated, and the greater portion consists of the hills of Cumner and Wytham, which have an elevation of nearly 300 feet above the level of the river Thames, which bounds the parish for nearly three miles ; the soil is various, in some parts clayey, in others sandy, alternated with stone brash. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £24. 17-^ and in the gift of the Earl of Abingdon : the tithes were commuted for land and money payments, in 1795 and 1814. The church is an ancient structure, containing some interesting monu- ments, among which are those of two abbots of Abing- don, and a monument to Anthony Foster, a retainer of the Earl of Leicester, by whom the Countess was murdered. A mineral spring here was formerly much frequented for its reputed virtues, but is now disused. CUMREW, a parish, in the union of Brampton, Eskdale ward, E. division of Cumberland, 7 miles (S. by E.) from Bramptofi ; comprising the townships of Cumrew Inside and Outside, the former containing 112 , and the latter 71 , inhabitants. The parish is bounded on the east by the river Gelt, and com- prises 2694a. 2r. lOp., of which about 950 acres are arable, and the rest, with the exception of 30 acres of wood, high moorland pasture inclosed about 35 years ago ; the soil on the level grounds is a good loamy earth, and in the western district, which is mountainous, there is good limestone. The living is a perpetual cu- racy ; net income, £81 ; patrons and appropriators. Dean and Chapter of Carlisle. The tithes have been commuted for £89. 13. 4., and the glebe comprises 17^ acres. There are several cairns, one of which, Carduneth, on the summit of a hill, is of immense size ; and near the river are the ruins of a large castle, formerly belonging to the Dacres. CUMWHINTON, a township, in the parish of Wetheral, union of Carlisle, Cumberland ward, E. division of the county of Cumberland, 4 miles (S. E. by E.) from Carlisle ; containing 339 inhabitants. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. CUMWHITTON {St, Mary), a parish, in the union of Brampton, Eskdale ward, E. division of Cumber- land ; comprising the townships of Cumwhitton, CURB CURE Moorthwaite, and Northsceugh j and containing 533 inhabitants, of whom 242 are in the township of Cum- whitton, 9 miles (E. S. E.) from Carlisle. The parish comprises 5400a. 2r. 29p., the whole of which is arable, with the exception of about 140 acres of meadow, the ground occupied by a few Scottish firs and larches, and the plantations on the banks of the Eden. The living is a perpetual curacy j net income, £1023 patron, in- cumbent, and impropriator. Rev. W. Ford. The church is in the Norman style, and consists of a nave, chancel, and north aisle 5 the ancient lancet windows have been displaced for others of larger dimensions 5 a tower was built in 1810. A school on the national plan has been established. On an eminence called King Harry” is a Druidical temple, the stones of which, 90 in number, are placed in a circular position 3 and the lines of ancient intrenchments may be traced on the common. CUNDALL (St, Mary and All Saints), a parish, comprising the townships of Cundall wdth Leckby, and Norton-le-Clay, in the wapentake of Hallikeld, and the township of Fawdington in that of Birdforth, N. riding of York 5 and containing 387 inhabitants, of whom 188 are in Cundall with Leckby, 5 miles (N. N. E.) from Boroughbridge. The parish is on the banks of the river Swale, and comprises by computation 3480 acres, of which the soil is gravelly 3 the scenery is pleasingly diversified with wood and water. The hamlet of Cun- dall is on the western side of the river, and about five miles distant from the Sessay station of the Great North of England railway. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £3. 6 . 8 ., and in the pa- tronage of W. Heathcote, Esq., the impropriator, and has a net income, recently augmented to £96 : the church is an old and dilapidated building, fast falling into ruins. A small chapel of ease was erected in 1839, by subscription, at Norton-le-Clay. A school, on the national plan, is supported by the proceeds of the parish poor lands, by subscription, and a small en- dowment. CUNSALL, a township, in the parish of Cheddle- TON, union of Cheadle, N. division of the hundred of Totmonslow and of the county of Stafford, 3f miles (N. N. W.) from Cheadle 3 containing 190 inhabitants. Two schools are supported by Mr. Leigh. CUNSCOUGH, a district, in the parish of Halsale, union of Ormskirk, hundred of West Derby, S. divi- sion of the county of Lancaster, 4 miles (S. by E.) from Ormskirk 3 containing, with Melling, 607 in- habitants. CUPERNHAM, a tything, in that part of the parish of Romsey styled Romsey Extra, union of Romsey, hundred of King’s- Sombourn, Romsey and S. divi- sions of the county of Southampton, 1 mile (N. E.) from Romsey. CURBRIDGE, a hamlet, in the parish and union of Witney, hundred of Bampton, county of Oxford, miles (W. S. W.) from Witney 3 containing 387 inhabit- ants. The hamlet comprises 2907 acres, of which 1941 are arable and 955 pasture. The tithes have been com- muted for £685, and there is a glebe of 124§ acres. There are six almshouses, endowed with £110 per annum. CURDRIDGE, a tything, in the parish and hundred of Bishop’s-Waltham, union of Droxford, Droxford and N. divisions of the county of Southampton 3 con- taining 397 inhabitants. CURDWORTH (St, Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Aston, Birmingharu division of the hundred of Hemlingford, N. division of the county of War- wick, 8 miles (N. E. by E.) from Birmingham 3 contain- ing 693 inhabitants. The parish, which includes the hamlet of Minworth, is bounded on the south by the river Tame, and intersected by the road from Bir- mingham toTamworth, and the old road from Coventry to Lichfield ; it comprises by computation 3170 acres, of which 1620 are * in the township of Curdworth, and 1550 in Minworth, into which the parish is divided by a portion of Sutton- Coldfield, which intervenes between them. The surface of the land is generally level, and the soil chiefly suited to the growth of turnips and bar- ley 3 around the village and towards the river are rich meadow and pasture grounds. The Birmingham and Fazeley canal passes through the parish, and the Bir- mingham and Derby Junction railway proceeds, for about half a mile, through Minworth. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £5, and in the patronage of the Rev. W. Wakefield, the present incumbent, and others, with a net income of £289 3 impropriators. Rev. W. Wakefield and C. B. Adderley, Esq. The tithes (with the exception of those for the manor of D unton, about 500 acres, which still pays great and small tithes to the Vicar of Curdworth) were com- muted for land under an inclosure act passed in the year 1791. The church is an ancient structure, in the later English style, with a square tower 3 a noble Saxon arch separates the chancel from the body of the edifice : the well-known Dr. Sacheverel was married in this church. There is a place of worship for Wes- leyans, and at Minworth is one for Independents. A battle was fought here between the parliamentarians and Charles I. CURL AND (All Saints), a parish, in the union of Taunton, hundred of Abdick and Bulstone, W. divi- sion of Somerset, 5|- miles (S. E. by E.) from Taunton ; containing 228 inhabitants. The living is annexed to the rectory of Curry-Mallet : the tithes have been com- muted for £84, and the glebe contains 12 acres. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 also a school for CURBAR, a township, in the parish and union of girls, endowed by Mrs. Anne Shepherd. Bakewell, hundred of High Peak, N. division of the CURRY, EAST, a tything, in the parish of Stoke county of Derby, ij mile (E. by S.) from Stoney-Mid- St. Gregory, union of Taunton, hundred of North dleton 3 containing 412 inhabitants. It is situated on the eastern bank of the river Derwent. CURBOROUGH, with Elmhurst, a township, in the parish of St. Chad, Lichfield, unioa of Lies- 733 J , — rw 7 ^ ^ *** M,* ^ Vi/ W V/ A JLJ. habitants. CURRY-LOAD, a tything, in the parish of Stoke S™™; oonWnbg 184 i„. y a marKet-town, in the union of Langport, hun- C U R R C U T C dred of Abdick and Bulstone, W. division of Somer- set, 6 miles (N. N.. W.) from Ilrainster^ contaiuing 630 inhabitants. The manor, in the time of Edward II., belonged to Hugh Poyntz, to whom that monarch granted a weekly market, and a fair on the eve, day, and morrow of the festival of All Saints ; and who, in the 18th of that reign, was summoned to parliament by the title of Lord Poyntz, baron of Curry-Mallet. In the second year of Edward III. this place was an- nexed to the duchy of Cornwall, by the same act of parliament which vested the duchy in the eldest son of the king, and it has ever since continued to form a part of it. The parish abounds with lias stone, which is extensively quarried for lime, and also for building and the Chard canal passes through the place. The living is a rectory, with that of Curland annexed, valued in the king’s books at £24. 1. 3., and in the patronage of the Crown, in right of the duchy of Cornwall j net income, £39^. The church is a handsome structure, in the later English st}de. CURRY, NORTH (iSt. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in the union of Taunton, hundred of North Curry, W. division of Somerset, 7 miles (E. by N.) from Taunton j comprising the ty things of North Curry, Knapp, Lillesdon, and Wrantage ; and containing 202S inhabitants, of whom 950 are in the tything of North Curry. This place appears to have been not unknown to the Romans, an urn containing a quantity of silver coins of that people having been discovered in 1748 : it was subsequently held by the Saxon kings, and retained in demesne by the Conqueror. King John granted it a market, which was formerly held on Wednesday, but has been long discontinued. The parish comprises by admeasurement 5500 acres, of which about 1600 are arable, 90 woodland, and the rest pasture ; the navi- gable river Tone passes in the vicinity. Newport, in the parish, anciently possessed the privileges and officers of a corporate town, and is still called a borough : it had also a chapel. The living is a discharged vicarage, with that of West Hatch annexed, in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Wells, valued in tbe king’s books at £2\ •, impropriator, C. Holcombe Dare, Esq. The great tithes have been commuted for £650, and the vicarial for £220 j the glebe consists of 2\ acres, to which there is a glebe-house. There are places of wor- ship for Particular Baptists and Wesley ans. CURRY-RIVELL {St. Andrew) ^ a parish, in the union of Langport, hundred of Abdlck and Bulstone, W. division of Somerset, 2 miles (W. S. W.) from Lang- port 3 comprising the ty things of Hambridge and Port- field, and part of those of Burton-Pynsent and Week, the hamlet of Langport-Westover, and Westmoor, an extra- parochial place 3 and containing 1660 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the river Parret, and is inter- sected by the road from Barnstaple to London 5 it com- prises 4001 acres by measurement, and contains several quarries of blue limestone and white lias, in which bi- valve shells of different sorts are frequently found. Fairs for cattle and sheep are held on the last Wed- nesday in February, the Monday next after Lammas, and the 5th of August. The living is a vicarage, with Weston, endowed with the rectorial tithes of the latter, and valued in the king’s books at £13. 16. 0|. 5 pa- tron and impropriator, W. Speke, Esq. The vicarial tithes have been commuted for £310, and the rectorial 734 for £200 3 the glebe comprises only the site and gardens of the ancient vicarage-house. The 'church is an old edifice, in the early English style. A school is sup- ported by subscription. The mansion of Burton-Pyn- sent, once the property and residence of the celebrated Earl of Chatham, who enjoyed the title of Viscount Pitt, of Burton-Pynsent, has been taken down. CURY ‘{St. Ninian), a. parish, in the union of Helston, W. division of Kerrier hundred and of Cornwall, 4|- miles (S. S. E.) from Helston 3 contain- ing 541 inhabitants. It is situated on the shore of Mount’s bay. The living is a vicarage, annexed, with those of Germoe and Gunwalloe, to the vicarage of Bre- age : the great tithes have been commuted for £279, and the vicarial for £190. The church has a fine Norman arch over the south door. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans 3 and a national school is supported by subscription. In a field on the estate of Trevessec was discovered, a few years since, an earthen vessel con- taining several hundred copper coins of various Roman emperors. CUSOP {St. Mary), a parish, in the union of Hay, hundred of Ewyaslacy, county of Hereford, 2 miles (E. S. E.) from Hay 5 containing 223 inhabitants. On the west and south the parish is bounded by a portion of Wales, the river Wye separating it in the former, and the river Dulas in the latter, direction : it comprises 2294 acres, and is intersected by the road from Hereford to Hay. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 19. 7-, and in the gift of the Earl of Oxford : the tithes have been commuted for £210. CUSTHORPE, a hamlet, in the parish of West- Acre, union and hundred of Freebridge-Lynn, S. division of the hundred of Grenhoe, W. division of Norfolk, miles (N. W.) from SwafFham. Here are the ruins of n chapel, dedicated to St. Thomas k Becket, and supposed to have been founded by the monks of West-Acre priory, who received permission to hold a fair on the 7th of July : connected with it was a house, the residence of a custos and one or two monks, who were engaged in serving the chapel. CUTCOMBE (St. John), a parish, in the union of WiLLiTON, hundred of Carhampton, W. division of Somerset, 5:^ miles (S. W. by S.) from Dunster, on the road from Minehead to Exeter 3 containing 843 inha- bitants. The surface is strikingly diversified, rising in some parts into hills of mountainous elevation 3 and on the summit of Dunkery, one of the highest mountains in the western counties, and I696 feet above the level of the sea, are the remains of several large hearths belonging to the beacons formerly erected on this ele- vated spot to alarm the country in times of civil discord or foreign invasion. Limestone is extensively quarried for building and burning into lime 3 and iron-ore, which is wrought in the adjoining parish, is supposed to exist here. Fairs are held at Wheddon Cross, on the 22nd, and at Luckwall Bridge on the 29th, of September. The living is a vicarage, endowed with part of the rectorial tithes, with that of Luxborough annexed, and valued in the king’s books at £14. 0. 7-§. 3 it is in the patronage of the Crown. The impropriate tithes have been com- muted for £114. 14. 6., and the vicarial for £295 3 the glebe comprises about 1:^ acre. There is a place of wor- ship for Wesleyans. A parochial school has an endow- ment of £35 per annum, arising from a bequest of C W M C C W M Y Richard Els worth, in 1/^9 5 and commodious school- rooms, with a residence for the master and mistress, have been erected. CUTSDEAN, a chapelry, in the parish of Bredon, union of Winchcomb, Upper division of the hundred of OswALDSLow, Blockley and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, 7 miles (W. by S.) from Moreton-in- the-Marsh ; containing 172 inhabitants. It forms a de- tached portion of the parish, entirely surrounded by the county of Gloucester. A schoolmistress receives £7* lb. per annum, left by a member of the Tracey family. CUTTHORPE, a hamlet, in the parish of Bramp- ton, union of Chesterfield, hundred of Scarsdale, N. division of the county of Derby 3 containing 333 inhabitants. CUXHAM (Holy Rood), a parish, in the union of Henley, hundred of Ewelme, county of Oxford, 5 miles (S. S. W.) from Tetsworth^ containing ^22 in- habitants. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £9. 10. 5. 5 net income, £275 5 patrons. War- den and Fellows of Merton College, Oxford. The tithes have been commuted for £182 3 there is a good glebe- house, and the glebe contains nearly 24^ acres. CUXTON (St, Michael), a parish, in the union of North Aylesford, hundred of Shamwell, lathe of Aylesford, W. division of Kent, 3 miles (W. S. W.) from Rochester 3 containing 37 b inhabitants. This parish comprises 1500 acres : the river Medway, which has a wharf here, passes within a quarter of a mile. The chalk pits in the neighbourhood supply the material for lime, and bricks are made to a limited extent. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s books at £14. 15. 5., and in the gift of the Bishop of Rochester : the tithes payable to the incumbent have been commuted for £380. I6., with a glebe of 28jacreS3 a rent- charge of £32. 1. is paid to an impropriator, and one of £43. 5. to the Dean and Chapter of Rochester. CUXWOLD (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union of Caistor, wapentake of Bradley-Haverstoe, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 4 miles (E.) from Caistor 3 containing 62 inhabitants. The living is a dis- charged rectory, valued in the king’s books at £5. 7. b., and in the gift of H. Thorold, Esq. : the tithes have been commuted for £314. I7. 8., and the glebe comprises one acre and a quarter. CWMCARVAN, a parish, in the union of Mon- mouth, division of Trellick, hundred of Raglan, county of Monmouth, 5 miles (S, S. W.) from Mon- mouth 3 containing 315 inhabitants. The parish occu- pies a position in the eastern part of the county, and contains 2908 acres, of which 939 are arable, 1498 pas- ture and meadow, and 394 w^oodland, the remainder consisting of roads and wastes : the surface exhibits con- siderable varieties of elevation, some parts being boldly undulated, and others tolerably level 3 and from Cwm- carvan hill the views are extensive and pleasing. A battle was fought here between Henry V. and Owen Glyndwr, in which the latter was defeated. The living is annexed to the rectory of Mitchel-Troy : a rent- charge of £193 has been awarded as a commutation for the tithes, of which sum £20 are payable to the Bishop of LlandafF 3 and there is a glebe of 10 acres, with a small house. The church is an ancient structure, con- taining a pulpit elaborately carved. CWMYOY (St. Michael), a parish, in the union of Abergavenny, partly in the hundred of Ewyaslacy, county of Hereford, and partly in the division and hundred of Abergavenny, county of Monmouth, 8 miles (N. by W.) from Abergavenny 5 containing, with the hamlets of Bwlch-Trewyn and Toothog, 718 in- habitants, of whom 219 are in Hereford, and 499 in Monmouth. Soon after the year 1108, a priory, dedi- cated to St. John the Baptist, and afterwards known by the name of Llanthony Abbey, was founded here by Hugh Lacy, for canons regular of the order of St. Augustine, many of whom, by reason of the privations and hardships which they sustained in this place, re- moved, first to the episcopal palace at Hereford, and afterwards, in 1136, to Hyde, near Gloucester, leaving a few of their brethren at the original settlement at Llanthony, whose revenue, in the 26th of Henry VIIL, was estimated at about £100. The parish is about eight miles in length, and one mile in breadth, form- ing a rich and fertile valley, inclosed on both sides by lofty hills, which extend from one extremity of the parish to the other, and watered by a rivulet called the Honddu, along the bank of which is the road to Aber- gavenny : nearly in the centre of this picturesque vale are the ruins of Llanthony Abbey, consisting of the gateway, and part of the conventual building. The living is a perpetual curacy 3 net income, £68 5 patron, R. Pov/ell, Esq. 3 impropriator, W. S. Landor, Esq. The chapel of Llanthony, a plain edifice, is situated close to the beautiful^ ruins of the abbey. There are places of worship for* Welsh: jBaptists 3 and a school is snpp(t»t?ed ♦fe3^*^uhs(Jr^tloIi./ * At the extreme part of the Black mountain is a fine specimen of a Roman encaiyipjiJ^'t END OF VOL. 1. gilbert & rivington, printers, ST. John’s square, London.