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AUTHOR: 
 
 COLLAR, WILLIAM COE 
 
 TITLE: 
 
 BEGINNER'S GREEK 
 COMPOSITION ; BASED 
 
 PLACE: 
 
 BOSTON 
 
 DA TE : 
 
 1894 
 
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 
 PRESERVATION DEPARTMENT 
 
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 887*82 
 
 C^Q Collar, William Coe, 1833- 1916 . 
 
 The beginner's Greek composition; based mainlv upon 
 Xenophon's Anabasis, book 1, by William C. Collar and 
 M. Grant Daniell. Boston, Ginn & company, 1894. 
 
 viii, 201 p. illus. 16J*". 
 
 Another copy in Plimpton Library. 1900. 
 
 ^ 1. Greek language— Composition, i. Daniell, Moses Grant, 1836- lOvOj. 
 joint author. 
 
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 © 1893 : 40976 
 
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 THE BEGINNER'S 
 
 GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 BASED MAINLY UPON XENOPHON'S 
 ANABASIS, BOOK I 
 
 BV 
 
 WILLIAM C. COLLAR 
 
 \ \ ^ 
 
 A.vr> 
 
 M. GRANT DANIELL 
 
 BOSTON, U.S.A. 
 GINN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 
 
 1894 
 
* ' -^ 
 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 CorvRir.HT, i8q3 
 By WILLIAM C. COLLAR and M. GRANT DANIELL 
 
 ALL RIGHTS KEbEKVEU 
 
 College admission requirements in writin<r 
 Greel< practically determine the scope and fix 
 the aim of instruction in the schools. Though 
 these requirements vary in degree, they point 
 to the same end — power and knowledge of the 
 language suflScient for translating easy narrative 
 or address into Attic Greek. So far as amount 
 of acquisition can be appro.ximately measured, 
 nothing could be more reasonable and just. 
 By working consciously and definitely toward 
 that goal by the best method, the learner is 
 sure to derive the highest benefit that the study 
 can yield. 
 
 But what is the best method, or at least, a 
 good method ? It is now pretty generally ad- 
 
 1 •' 
 
 :•(; 
 
 390060 
 
IV 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 mitted that it is not one that divides and divorces 
 writing from reading. Assuming that the 
 learner has a good mastery of inflections and 
 such knowledge of simple constructions as is 
 ordinarily acquired in the first year's study, the 
 basis of exercises for beginners should be a 
 Greek text that he has read and studied with 
 care. In this way the learner turns to account 
 not only all that he has consciously ?icquired, 
 but what, on the whole, is of greater import- 
 ance, all that he has unconsciously absorbed. 
 
 The ipsissima verba^ then, of a Greek text 
 constitute the foundation and the model ; the 
 ability to translate connected English into 
 Greek is the goal. The question then arises, 
 shall practice in writing be applied to and ac- 
 company a large area of text, or shall it rest in 
 the elementary stage upon a limited portion of 
 an author ? The editors, as will be seen, have 
 chosen the latter alternative, and have based 
 
 1 f 
 
 L. 
 
 PREFACE. V 
 
 the main part of the exercises upon the first 
 book of Xenophon's Anabasis. 
 
 The method assumes of necessity, and this is 
 conceived to be one of its chief recommend- 
 ations, great familiarity with the original. Such 
 a ready command of the Greek original can 
 neither be required nor expected of more than 
 a limited amount of text. Nor is it essential. 
 Not all of the seven books of Xenophon's 
 Anabasis, for example, afford illustrations of 
 every Greek construction ; but any one book 
 furnishes more than most students master. 
 The case is not the same as in Latin, where 
 a much wider and more various reading pre- 
 cedes and accompanies Latin Composition. 
 
 Another consideration carries with it great 
 weight. Since the power of the student, at the 
 end of his preparatory course, to translate con- 
 nected English of some complexity into Greek 
 is the measure and test, on one side, of his 
 
VI 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 grasp of the language, it should obviously be 
 greatly to his advantage to be practised from 
 the beginning in dealing with simple, but still 
 continuous English. 
 
 This principle of continuity in the exercises, 
 so seemingly necessary, if the student is to catch 
 the essential spirit and style of the Greek, is 
 the distinguishing characteristic of this book. 
 In no part and in no single exercise are the 
 sentences detached and unrelated. The sen- 
 tences for oral translation, though short, simple, 
 and for convenience, numbered, substantially 
 repeat in altered form, the story of the original. 
 
 Finally the young learner must be launched 
 upon waters less familiar and cease to hug a 
 known coast. In other words from reproduc- 
 ing, in a sense, an original that he has seen, he 
 must reproduce an original that he has not 
 seen. The transition would, as yet, be too 
 abrupt to passages based on no Greek text. 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 Vll 
 
 
 The style and vocabulary should not be quite 
 unlike what he has become familiar with. Ac- 
 cordingly the book concludes with longer Eno-. 
 lish passages, which are largely translations 
 from different works of Xenophon, and include 
 a few recent Harvard entrance examination 
 papers, with here and there a note. 
 
 It is hoped that many teachers will welcome 
 the brief notes appended to each exercise call- 
 ing attention to correspondences and differences 
 between Latin and Greek. Here is a consider- 
 able body of material for comparison of words, 
 idioms, and constructions in the two languages. 
 The editors have learned, in their experience, 
 to appreciate the value of such comparative 
 study. They find that it aids the memory in 
 the acquisition of both languages, cultivates 
 habits of observation and reflection, and there- 
 by adds zest to study. These notes are perhaps 
 sufficient, by way of stimulus and suggestion, 
 
Vlll 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 and they are offered in the confident expecta- 
 tion that they will not only prove interesting 
 and useful in themselves, but will also incite 
 the learner to original work in the same direc- 
 tion. 
 
 Boston, July 28, 1893. 
 
 \. 
 
 I 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 The learner is expected to find in the Greek text 
 illustrations of the grammatical principles selected 
 for each exercise. These principles should be 
 thoroughly mastered, examples of each committed 
 to memory, and often reviewed. The method of 
 the book also presumes repeated reviews of the 
 exercises, both oral and written. Among the refer- 
 ences to the grammar one will occasionally be 
 found that does not apply to any sentence in the 
 immediate lesson. Such references should not, 
 however, be neglected. They are always illus- 
 trated in the text on which the exercise is based, 
 and the application is made in subsequent exer- 
 cises. 
 
 It is recommended that the working w-er of the 
 exercises be continued through the whole period 
 of prose reading in the preparatory course. Thus 
 the grammatical principles here illustrated will find 
 daily additional confirmation, and the importance 
 of carefully noting new words, idioms, and forms 
 of expression as they occur, will be impressed 
 upon the mind of the student. 
 
BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 EXERCISE I. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Aifabanis T. 1, i, 2. 
 
 The grammatical references are to the grammars of Goodwin, 
 revised edition, and Hadley-Allen (IL). 
 
 a. Historical Present. 1252 ; H. 828. 
 
 b. Article for Possessive. 949 ; H. 658. 
 
 c. Participle with rvyxai'w. 1586 ; H. 984. 
 
 d. Participle of Attendant Circumstance. 1563, 
 7 ; H. 968. 
 
 In the exercises a superior figure put after a word (e. g. him S) 
 applies to that word alone ; put before a word (e. g. ^fell), 
 applies to two or more immediately following. 
 
 I. Cyrus was son of Dareios. 2. Dareios ^fell 
 sick. 3. Dareios ^ happens to be sick. 4. He 
 wishes his younger son to be with him.^ 5. 
 Parysatis, ^as it happened, was with him. 6. He 
 *sent for Cyrus. 7. Accordingly Cyrus came 
 up from his ^ province. 8. Then ^ both his sons 
 
 4 
 
 were with him. 9. And ' Cyrus had also ' taken 
 along Tissaphernes. 10. Hoplites assembled ^ 
 in the plain. 11. Now Cyrus was general of all 
 the hoplites. 12. But Xenias, as it happened, 
 had two hundred hoplites. 
 
 I. Use the aorist. 2. Zi. irap'uiv Irvyyavf.. 3. 
 
 Omit. 4. What voice.? 5. Use the article. 
 6. roTt. 7. Cf. Kol arparriyhv hi 8. That is, 
 used to assemble; imperfect tense, what voice ? 
 
 He sent for Cyrus: Cyrum arcessivit. Voujiger : minor 
 natu. Kal . . . 8€: itemque. T/iey used to assemble: se 
 conferebant. Iircl y\a-^ivii Aapetos : cum Dareus aegro- 
 taret. 6 irpco-pvTcpos irapwv IrvYxave : maior natu forte 
 aderat. iSs ^Ckov : ratus eum sibi esse amicum. 6ir\i- 
 Ttti : milites gravis armaturae. Translate 3 and 4 into 
 Latin. 
 
BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE II. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. 1,3, 4. 
 
 a. Aorist for English Pluperfect. 1261 ; H. 837. 
 
 b. Optative in Indirect Discourse. 1487 ; H. 932. 
 
 c. Dative with Compound Verbs. 1179 ; H. 775. 
 
 d. Object Clauses with ottcos after Verbs of Striv- 
 
 ing, etc. 1372 ; H. 885. 
 
 I. Cyrus was falsely accused to his brother. 
 
 2. For Tissaphernes was plotting against Cyrus. 
 
 3. Now 1 Cyrus's brother 2 was established on 
 the throne. 4. And he was persuaded ^ by Tis- 
 saphernes. 5. So* he arrested Cyrus. 6. But 
 his mother begged him off, ^with the avowed 
 intention of sending him back to his province. 
 7. For Parysatis loved Cyrus more than Ar- 
 taxerxes.6 8. Artaxerxes had dishonored his 
 brother Cyrus. 9. And Cyrus planned "that he 
 might never again be dishonored. * 10. Cyrus 
 
 ! 
 
 \ i 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 5 
 
 will never 8 be king instead of his brother. 
 II. For 9 he is ^^'m the power of Artaxerxes. 
 
 I. Use the article, putting "Cyrus's" in 
 the attributive position. 2. Follow the text. 
 3. vTTo with genitive. 4. h^ ; be careful about 
 the position 5. Cf. ws dTroKrei/Ji,/. 6. In the 
 same construction with "Cyrus." 7. ^ttw? ; 
 with what mood and tense.? 8. oiTttotc; cf.' 
 /Ai/TTOTc in the text. 9. y6.p, postpositive ; com- 
 pare enim in Latin. 10. Observe the peculiar 
 Greek idiom. 
 
 KaT€<rTT] els TT]v pocTiXcCav : regno potitus est. He was 
 persuaded ^ by Tissaphernes: a Tissapherne ei persuasum 
 est. «)s diroKTcvaiv : hoc consilio ut eum interficeret ; or, 
 dicens se eum interfecturum. Instead of his brother : 'fra- 
 tns loco. €Trl t« dScXcjxjT : in fratris potestate. ^v Svyii- 
 T1L . SI fieri possit. Translate 10 and 11 into Latin. * 
 
 rai 
 
 i1 
 
BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE III. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Auabariis I. 1, 5, 6. 
 
 a. w? and on with Superlative. H. 651. 
 
 b. Final Clauses with Tm, etc. 1365 ; H. 881. 
 
 c. Article with Attributive Phrase. 952, 959 ; H. 
 
 666 c. 
 
 d. wo-Tc with Infinitive expressing Result. 1449 
 
 -50 ; H. 927, 953. 
 
 I. The men from the king came to Cyrus. 
 2. And he so treated them that^ they were 
 friendly to him. 3. They were friendly rather 
 to him than to the king. 4. The barbarians 
 2 with him are competent to wage war. 5. And 
 they are all v/ell disposed to Cyrus. 6. The. 
 Greek force ^is assembling. 7. The king is 
 * wholly unprepared. 8. Cyrus collected^'his 
 force secretly 5 ^^o as to take the king un- 
 prepared. 9. He "has a garrison in the city. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 7 
 
 10. He directs the garrison commanders to take 
 the very best men. 11. Tissaphernes is plot- 
 ting against the Ionian cities. 12. They were 
 originally his. 13. For^ the king gave them 
 to him. 14. But now^ they '^belong to Cyrus. 
 
 I. oVre ; with what mood .? 2. "With him," 
 an attributive phrase limiting "barbarians." 
 3< See Ex. i, 10, and note. 4. Not to be 
 literally translated. 5. Use the participle. 
 6. A purpose clause. 7. See Ex 
 8. vvv. 9. Are of Cyrus. 
 
 2,- note 9. 
 
 They are well disposed to Cyrus: bono erga Cyrum animo 
 sunt. He commands them to take : imperat eis ut compa- 
 rent ; or, eos iubet comparare. <S<rT€ avrJ <j>i\ovs elvai : 
 ut sibi essent amici. Uavol ttoXchlcIv : idonei ad bellum 
 gerendum. 8ti peXrio-Tous : quam optimos. Rather to 
 him than to the king: sibi magis quam regi. 8ti dirapa- 
 o-KtvoTarov: quam maxime imparatum. Translate n and 
 14 into Latin. 
 
8 
 
 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 i 
 
 EXERCISE IV. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis I. 1, i-6. 
 
 1. When Dareios was sick, ^the elder of his 
 two sons was with him, but ^ the younger 2 hap- 
 pened to be in the province of which Dareios 
 
 ^,. 3 had made him satrap^ Accordingly he sent 
 ^ for him, and he went up with ^ Xenias, a Par- 
 v^^rhasian, Svho was commander of three hundred 
 Greek hoplites. 
 
 2. 'On the death of Dareios, Artaxerxes 
 became king. Now when he 3 had arrested 
 his brother, » intending to disgrace him, Pary- 
 satis, their mother, begged Cyrus off. But 
 when he had gone back to his province, he 
 plotted against the king his brother, 8 with the 
 avowed intention of reigning in his stead. 
 
 3. All the barbarians who»( were> with him 
 he so treated that they were well disposed to 
 
 VJi 
 
 
 FOR WRITTEli^ TRANSLATION 9 
 
 \him, and he planned i^o have a Greek force 
 "'11 assemble in the cities, 12 ]„ order that he 
 might make war i3 ^pon Artaxerxes. 
 
 I. Use ikkv and hk in these two clauses, 
 being careful about their position. 2. See 
 Ex. I, note 2. 3. Aorist. 4. Predicate 
 accusative. ^.Having. 6. Express the rela- 
 tive clause by a participle. 7. Recast the 
 phrase before translating. 8. Future parti- 
 ciple; with or without W5 .> 9. Omit. 10. That 
 a Greek foree should asseuihle. 11. Cf. d% 
 TreBi'ov dOpo^^ovTai. 12. See Ex. 3, note 6. 
 13. Dative. 
 
 On the death of Dareios : cum Dareus mortuus esset. 
 In order that he might make luar upon Artaxerxes: ut Ar- 
 taxerxi bellum inferret. Intendin'^r to disi^race : dedeco- 
 randi consilio. In his stead: eius loco, not eius in loco. 
 
10 BEGINA'ER'S GREEK COMPOSITION' 
 
 EXERCISE V. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATTOy. 
 Anabasis I. 1, 7, 8. 
 
 a. Pronominal Article. 981 ; H. 654. 
 
 /'. o)(TT€^ with Indicative. 1449-50 ; H. 927. 
 
 c. Infinitive with Article. 955, i ; H. 959. 
 
 d. Participle in Indirect Discourse. 1588; H.982. 
 
 I. Tissaphernes became aware beforehand ^ 
 that men 2 were revolting to Cyrus. 2. And 
 this was a pretext ^for killing some and banish- 
 ing others. 3. But Cyrus took 1 under his pro- 
 tection 4 those who were banished. 4. And 
 ^he had this pretext 3 for besieging Miletos 
 both by land and by sea. 5. He did not wish^ 
 Tissaphernes to rule over those cities. 6. But 
 he claimed 7 that the king should give them to 
 him. 7. He was the king's brother. 8. The 
 king thought 'that Cyrus was collecting an 
 army ^ because he was at war with Tissapher- 
 
 EOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 1 1 
 
 nes 
 
 10 
 
 9- Consequently 9 he was not displeased 
 1^ at Cyrus's collecting an army, i o. But Cyrus 
 ^Uvas plotting against him. 
 
 I. Expressed in the prefix of the verb. 
 2. Omit, as implied in the Greek participle. 
 3- Cf. Tov ^.Bpolj^uv. 4. T/ie [ones] Jiccing. 
 5. This was a pretext to him. 6. It is assumed 
 that the learner will be able to recall words 
 of very common occurrence. 7. Accusative 
 with infinitive. 8. Use participle agreein^r 
 with -Cyrus." 9. So that. 10. Cf. ahr^^v 
 TToAe/xovVrwi/. 11. Use the verb correspond- 
 ing to ^TTiPovXriV. 
 
 Some . . . others : partim . . . partim. Bv land ami sea : 
 terra manque. I/e was not displeased: non moleste fere- 
 bat. Become aware before iia nd : The prefix irpo- of the 
 Oreek verb becomes prae in Latin, praesentio. Those who 
 luere bamshed : in exsilium actos. Translate 8 into Latin, 
 and mark the difference whether you express the last clause 
 by the mdicative or subjunctive with quod. Translate 10 
 into Latm. What case does insidior take > 
 
 r\ 
 
1 2 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE VI. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis I. 1, 9, 10. 
 
 a. Adverbial Accusative. 1060 ; H. 719. 
 
 b. Predicate Adjective for Adverb. 926 ;H. 619. 
 
 c. Genitive with Adverb of Place. 1148 ; H. 757. 
 //. Two Accusatives after Verbs of Asking, etc. 
 
 1069 ; H. 724. 
 
 I. Klearchos collected another army for 
 Cyrus. 2. This army was collected in the fol- 
 lowing manner. 3. Cyrus ^ became acquainted 
 with Klearchos. 4. And he gave him ^a large 
 sum of money. 5. With this money Klearchos 
 supported his^ soldiers. 6. Now* the Thra- 
 cians ^that lived beyond the Hellespont were 
 at war with Klearchos. 7. But Greeks also 
 lived in the Chersonesos ^that is opposite 
 Abydos. 8. These Greeks willingly ^ contrib- 
 uted money for the support of an army. 9. And 
 
 f 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 13 
 
 thus two armies ^were secretly supported for 
 Cyrus. 10. Aristippos ^happens to be hard 
 pressed by his opponents ^*^in Thessaly. 
 II. And he asks Cyrus for four months' pay. 
 
 I. Cf. rovTo) o-iryyei/o/xcros. 2. Much (iroXvi) 
 money. 3. Use the article only. 4. Se. 5. I'se 
 the participle. 6. Not a relative clause in 
 Greek. 7. Willing. 8. Cf. Tpe<^d/x,€i/oi/ cAaf^arci/. 
 9. See Ex. i, r. 10. Position of this phrase? 
 
 In the following manner : in hunc modum. Were secretly 
 supported: clam alebantur. VVillini^ly : sua sponte. A 
 large sum 0/ money : magnam pecuniam. Translate 11 into 
 Latin. Remember that peto does not take an accusative of 
 tlieperson. ^e^^t-XOVi 0- 3 V *^ ' ''^^ ^€ /. 
 
 /xaxat/>a. 
 
 ik 
 

 14 BEG/NXE/i\S GREEK' COMPOSITION' f 
 
 ^^ * ' ^ n L- > c^ y^ eJuJuu ^^M^ ilo^^^ 
 
 EXERCISK VII. I 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Aiiaha^is T. 1, to, n. 
 
 a. Dative of Possession. 1173; H. 768. 
 
 b. Dative of Appronch. 1175, ii77 ; H. 772. 
 
 c. Genitive with Words of Superiority. 1120; 
 
 H. 749. 
 
 d. Trpiv with Subjunctive and Optative. 147 1, 2 ; 
 
 H. 924. 
 
 I. Aristippos, a guest-friend of Cyrus, was 
 hard pressed by his opponents. 2. So, coming ^ 
 to Cyrus, he asked him for 2 hoplites, peltasts, 
 and two months' pay. 3. '* I will give you 
 what you ask," said^ Cyrus. 4. *'But I beg 
 of you not to come to terms with them yet." 
 5. Aristippos got the better of his oppo- 
 nents) 6. But he did not wish to make peace 
 with them ^ till he should consult with Cyrus. 
 7. 5 And so he secretly maintained a force for 
 
 I 
 
 EOR ORAL TRANSLATIOX 
 
 IS 
 
 Cyrus. 8. Proxenos also^ was Cyrus's" guest- 
 friend. 9. Him Cyrus asked to march into 
 the country of the Pisidians. 10. These were 
 causing trouble to Cyrus's district. 11. And 
 Sokrates also came with as many men as pos- 
 sible. 12. Cyrus requested him to come, 
 ^because, as he said, he was to make war on 
 the Pisidians. 1 3. ^With the aid of Sophainetos 
 he made war on Tissaphernes. 
 
 I. Havi Jig come. 2. See Ex. 6, ^. 3. li^r). 
 4. TTpocrOev . . . TT/otV with optative. 5. /cat'. 
 6. KOLL ', before or after the noun.? 7. What 
 case.? 8. As being about to make uuir. 9. Cf. 
 crvv TOL<s <f>vyd(TL. 
 
 With as many nien as possible: cum militum quam 
 maximo numero. Because, as he said, he urns going to make 
 war: quod bellum illaturus esset. What has become of 
 "as he said" in the Latin? Cf. note in Ex. 5. To make 
 war on any one: alicui bellum inferre. Translate 5 into 
 Latin. *' To march," not infinitive. 
 
I'} 
 
 1 6 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE VIII. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis I. 1, 7-11. 
 
 1. Cyrus ^was secretly plotting against the 
 king his brother, and he found many pretexts 
 2 for collecting troops. Being at war with 
 Tissaphernes, he besieged Miletos ^with the 
 avowed intention of restoring the exiles 
 whom Tissaphernes had banished from that 
 city. 
 
 2. And so the king did not perceive that* 
 Cyrus was raising an army ^for the purpose 
 of warring against him; for the tribute « accru- 
 ing from the cities which 'happened to be ^in 
 the power of Tissaphernes was sent to Arta- 
 xerxes by Cyrus. 
 
 3. Cyrus also gave money to Klearchos, a 
 Lakedaimonian in the Chersonesos, and to 
 Aristippos, a Thessalian, ^vho were his guest- 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 
 
 friends, for the support of sold 
 
 three 
 
 him. 
 
 lers. 
 
 17 
 
 Thus 
 
 armies ^"were secretly supported for 
 
 I. Escaped notice plotting ; see Ex. 6, 9. 
 2. (9/"///^r^//,r//>;^ (infinitive). 3. See Ex. 2,6 
 and note 5. 4. 5ti. 5. Use future participle 
 agreeing with " Cyrus." 6. Use the plural. 
 7. See Ex. i,r. 8. Cf. Ex. 2, note 10. 9. Being, 
 10. Cf. note I. 
 
 Pretexts for collecting troops : praetexta militis cogendi. 
 For the support of soldiers : ad milites alendos. Translate 
 the first sentence of 2 into Latin. Perceive: animadverto. 
 Was raising (to be raising) : cogo. For the purpose, etc. : 
 ad . . . gerendum ; and how else t 
 
11 
 
 1 8 BEGINXER\S GREEK' COMPOSITIOX 
 
 EXERCISE IX. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis I. 3, i, i. 
 
 n. Participle as Noun. 1560 ; H. 966. 
 
 I). Future Conditions (more vivid). 1 403 ; H. 898. 
 
 t. Genitive with Verbs of Ruling, etc. 11 09; 
 
 H. 741. 
 d. Attraction (Incorporation) of Antecedent. 
 
 1037; H. 995. 
 
 I. ^Cyrils now resolved to march inland. 
 2. And he collected his Greek and barbarian 
 forces.2 3. Then Klearchos came with^ an 
 army. 4. Cyrus directed him to expel the 
 Pisidians from their country. 5. He directed 
 Aristippos to become reconciled with ^ his 
 people. 6. ''Send to me," said^ Cyrus, ''what 
 army you hav^e.'*^ 7. Xenias commanded « those 
 who guarded the citadels. 8. He decided ' to 
 obey Cyrus and come with as many soldiers 
 
 EOR ORAL TRAXSLAriON 
 
 19 
 
 as possible. 9. MP the Greek generals had 
 confidence in Cyrus. 10. For he promised to 
 restore them to their homes. 11. ^\i he is 
 able, he will restore you to your homes. 
 
 I. If seemed best to Cyrus. 2. Omit. 3. Either 
 of two participles may be used. 4. IVwse at 
 home. 5. |(/)>y. 6. Cf. rov% irokiopKovvTaq. 7. Cf. 
 note I. 8. 7r5s. 9. The text has ei with the 
 optative, a quoted sentence after a secondary 
 tense. Use here idv with the subjunctive. 
 
 // seemed best: visum est. To exf^el : ut eiceret. To 
 become reconciled with : redire in gratiam cum. Had confi- 
 dence in Cyrus: Cyro fidem habebant. He luill restore you 
 to your homes : vos domum reducet. He promised to restore 
 them : promisit se eos reducturum. Translate 6 and S 
 into Latin. "What army": what of army. Decide: con- 
 stituo or decerno; or see note i. 
 
 i 
 
20 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE X. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Aiiatm!«i!«, I. 2, 3-5. 
 
 a. Genitive of Source. 1130; H. 750. 
 
 b. Instrumental Dative. 1181; H. 776. 
 
 c. 0J5 with Names of Persons. 1220, 8 ; H. 722, d-. 
 
 d. Position of ovto% with Article. 974: H. 673. 
 
 I. The men^ from the cities ^ arrived at 
 Sardis. 2. Proxenos and Xenias were present 
 with fifty-five hundred men. 3. Sophainetos 
 and Sokrates had about sixteen hundred. 
 
 4. Tissaphernes observed these movements.^ 
 
 5. And he thought that these armies were 
 ^too large to be used against the Pisidians., 
 
 6. *\Vith this idea he proceeded as rapidly as 
 possible to the king. 7. The king, hearing^ 
 from Tissaphernes of the preparation against 
 him,^ was very' angry. 8. Then he ordered 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 21 
 
 an army to be collected ^^ith all speed. 
 9. When Cyrus had heard that his troops were 
 all present in Sardis, he set out. 10. Starting ^ 
 from that city, he marched to the Maeander 
 river. 11. This river was in Lydia, and there 
 was a pontoon bridge upon it. 
 
 I. Omit. 2. Notice in the text three verbs 
 used to express this idea. 3. Larger than as 
 if against. 4. Having thought this. 5. This 
 use of the present participle in English must 
 not be imitated in Greek ; use the aorist. 
 6. Himself; put "against him " in the attrib- 
 utive position. 7. fxaKiara. 8. Not to be 
 translated literally. 
 
 As (jnickly as possible: quam celerrime poterat. He 
 heard from Socrates of the preparation : a Socrate de appa- 
 ratu certior factus est. Starting from Sani is : Sardibus 
 profectus. Armies . . . too targe to l>r used: copias . . 
 maiores quam quae usurparentur. 1 ranslate i and 9 into 
 Latin. 
 
BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 23 
 
 .'itf'Vt 
 
 EXERCISE XI. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. /!, 6, 7. 
 
 a. Predicate Position o( fiiao's. 978; H. 671. 
 /'. Imperfect of Customary Action. 1253, 2; 
 H. 830. 
 Conditional Relative Clauses. General Sup- 
 positions. 1431 ; H. 914, j^. 
 
 (.' 
 
 I. Cyrus crossed 'the Maeander river. 
 2. 1 After one day's march through Phrygia, 
 he came to Kolossai. 3. Kolossai was a large 
 and prosperous city. 4. Thither came Menon 
 with fifteen hundred soldiers. 5. Another city 
 of Phrygia, where Cyrus had a park, was Kelai- 
 nai. 6. At 2 Kelainai were the ^fejfces of the 
 Maeander river. 7. Here Cyrus used to hunt 
 wild animals ^on horseback in his^ park. 
 8. 5 Whenever he exercised his horses, he 
 hunted wild animals. 9. ♦^ Whenever he hunts 
 
 wild animals, he goes^ into this park. 10. The 
 park which I have mentioned was in the middle 
 of the city. 11. And it had the Maeander 
 river flowing through its centre. 
 
 I. Recast the phrase before translating. 
 2. iv. 3. Why is dTTojj^i the genitive used ? 
 4. See Ex. i, note 5.^ 5. A general supposi- 
 tion, past time. 6. A general supposition, 
 present time ; use birorav. 7. epxofiat. 
 
 On horseback: ex equo or vectus equo. IVhenet'er he 
 hunted wild animals : quotiens feras venaretur. To JCo- 
 los sa i : CoXossSiS. At AWainai: Celaenis. trdXis oIkov^jl^vt): 
 urbs incolis frequens. irapdSeio-os (game-park): vivariym. 
 Translate 6 and 10 into Latin. 
 
24 
 
 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 KXERCISE XII. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN' TRANSLATION. 
 Aiiabatiisi, I. *^, 1-7. 
 
 1 . When Cyrus promised the Greek generals 
 not to stop tiin he should arrive among the 
 Pisidians, they decided- to put confidence in 
 him. Accordingly they assembled with ^ such 
 armies as they had. 
 
 2. But Tissaphernes thought that Cyrus was 
 not Agoing to march against the Pisidians, but 
 against the king himself ; and the king, hear- 
 in^^ this from Tissaphernes, ^made his pre- 
 parations in turn. 
 
 3. I have mentioned what forces Cyrus had. 
 With these he started from " Sardis and marched 
 on as rapidly as possible. ^ Whenever he arrived 
 at a large city, he halted for a few ^ days. But 
 ^^when he reached his palace in Kelainai, he 
 remained five days, and hunted wild animals in 
 the park with Klearchos. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 
 
 25 
 
 I. Cf. Ex. 7, note 4. 2. Cf. Ex. 9, note i. 
 3. Cf. ocrov rjv avrw (TTfjaLTevixa. 4. About to 
 march, future infinitive. 5. Cf. Ex. lO, note 5. 
 6. Prepared hhnsclf. 7. c^ordTro.? 8. See Ex. 
 II, note 5. 9. oAtyo9. 10. Not a general, 
 but a particular supposition. 
 
 Hearing this from Tissap/ierties : ubi de his rebus a 
 Tissapherne certior factus est. / /i,j7r metitioticd -what 
 forces Cyrus had : dixi quas copias haberet Cyrus. To 
 arrive at: pervenire ad. Translate the first sentence of 2 
 into Latin. *' That Cyrus was not going to march " : Cyrus 
 not to be about to march. 
 
 dpna.. 
 
26 BEGhViVER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XIII. ^ . 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Aiiaba$ii9, I. 2, 8, q. 
 
 a. vTTo with Dative. 1219, 2; H. 808, 2. 
 
 b. Genitive of Measure. 1094, 5; H. 732, a. 
 
 c. Neuter Plural with Singular Verb. 899, 2 ; 
 
 H. 604. 
 
 I. The source 1 of the river Marsyas is at 
 the foot of the acropolis. 2. ^And near it 
 the Great King'^ had a large palace. 3. This 
 palace, which was built by Xerxes, was fortified. 
 4. At this place the wMdth of the Marsyas was 
 thirty-two feet. 5. And near this river Apollo 
 is said to have ^contended with Marsyas, 
 whom ^he defeated and^feyed.^. 6. The skin 
 of the luckless^ Marsyas he ^Kung ^ip^ in a 
 cave. 7. And for this reason they callecf the 
 river Marsyas. 8. "When Xerxes had been 
 ;, :. , defeated in battle, he built the palace in Kelai- 
 
 FOR ORAL TRAXSLATIOX 
 
 27 
 
 nai. 9. He had been defeated in Greece, and 
 built the palace » during his retreat. 10. Here 
 an enumeration of the Greeks was made. 
 I r. The hoplites all told^ amounted to ^ about 
 eleven thousand. 
 
 I . Plural. 2. Near lohich, Trapd with Dative. 
 3. Cf. Ki^po, a few lines back. 4. Cf. ip^^ovrd 
 ol 5. Having defeated, he flayed. 6. drv^v?. 
 7. Clause with oVc, or participle ; what word 
 should come first in Greek .? 8. When he was 
 retreating, 9. Omit. 10. Cf. i/x^c roi;, Sta- 
 
 At the foot of the Acropolis : sub arce. Ipi^o, tiv£ : certo 
 or contendo, cum aliquo. Whom he defeated and flavc/' 
 cui, cum eum vicisset, pellem detraxit. duovwpciv • se 
 recipere. Translate 7 and 8 into Latin. Why can you 'not 
 say Xerxe victo "i ■> j ^ 
 
 ill; 
 
 m 
 
 
28 BEG/SiVEK'S GREEK COMrOSITJON 
 
 EXERCISE XIV. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. 3, lo, ii. 
 
 a. Cognate Accusative. 1051; H. 715. 
 
 b. Accusative of Extent. 1062; H. 720. 
 
 c\ Predicate Nominative. 907; H. 595, b. 
 d. The Negatives ov and /aiJ. 1607-13; H. 
 1018-25. 
 
 I. Thence he marches on five days' march, 
 twenty-five parasangs. 2 But he stayed four 
 days ati Peltai. 3. Peltai was 2 an inhabited 
 city. 4. Here Xenias ^ celebrated the Lykaia 
 with sacrifices. 5. And the games which he 
 held were viewed by Cyrus. 6. At ^ Kayster 
 Plain the soldiers demanded their wages. 
 7. They often went to Cyrus's quarters. 8. For 
 three months' pay was due them. 9. More than 
 two months' pay^ is due the Greeks. 10. But 
 Cyrus, •^ having no money, can not pay them.' 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 29 
 
 II. Cyrus was troubled, ^ because he had not 
 the money due the soldiers. 12. ^ Evidently 
 he wished to pay the soldiers.^ 13. For i^he 
 always " paid when he had the money. 14. And 
 he spoke hopefully. 
 
 I. Iv. 2. Note the plural subject. 3. Sac- 
 rificed the Lykaia. 5. The subject. 6. Not 
 having. 7. Omit. 8. He was evident wishing. 
 9. Not accusative. 10. Cf. exoi/ra dTroStSo'mt. 
 
 1 1 . act. 
 
 At Peltai : P&ltis. To Fe/tai : PeltSLS. To Cyrus's quar- 
 ters : ad praetorium Cyri. S/>o^e hopefully : spes propo- 
 nebat. F-.'idently he -wished: apparebat eum cupere. 
 a»<|x£\€To : debebatur. Translate 7 into Latin. 
 
 m\ 
 

 I 
 
 30 BEG/NA'EK'S GREBIK COMPOSITJO2V 
 
 EXERC;. / XV. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. 2, 12 - t4. 
 
 //.Apposition. 911; H. 623. 
 If. Infinitive in Indirect Discourse. 1522; H. 946. 
 c. Personal and Impersonal Constructions. 1522, 
 2; H. 944. 
 
 I. While 1 Cyrus was in Kayster Plain, Epy- 
 axa came there. 2. She was said to be the wife 
 of Syennesis. 3. Who was king of the whole 
 country of the Kilikians. 4. She gave Cyrus 
 a good deal of money. 5. And the soldiers 
 received 2 four months' pay. 6. It was said 
 that Epyaxa had a body-guard about her. 
 7. The Kilikian queen -^begged of Cyrus to 
 hokH a review of the army. 8. It is said 
 that Cyrus was willing to display the army to 
 Epyaxa. 9. But he did not hold the review 
 till ^ he came to another city. 10. Epyaxa had 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATIOX 
 
 31 
 
 not yet left Cyrus, but proceeded with him to 
 Thymbrion. 11. There was a spring ^beside 
 the road. 12. Near it Midas, King of the 
 Phrygians, caught the Satyr. 13. He is said to 
 have mixed ^wine with the spring. 14. There- 
 fore this was called Midas's spring. 
 
 I. €0)9. 2. XafiPdvo). 3. Omit. 4. Not €^0). 
 
 5. npiv with the indicative. 6. Why is the accu- 
 sative used here with Trapd} 7. T/ie spring 
 with wine, 
 
 A good deal of money: magna pecunia. Cf. Matt, xxviir, 
 12, "And they gave large money unto the soldiers." Trans- 
 late into Latin Kal cX^y^to Kvpw Sovvai xpifjfjiaTa iroXXd. 
 Translate 7 into Latin. Of Cyrus : accusative, or a with 
 ablative, according as you use rogo or peto. To hold : not 
 infinitive. Hold a review : ostendo. 
 
 I 
 
 r 
 
o- 
 
 BEG/XXEA'\S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 KXERCLSE XVI. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. 3, 8-14. 
 
 1. Cyrus remained twenty days near the 
 Marsyas river, ^ which is about twenty-four 
 feet wide. Here Apollo is said to have de- 
 feated Marsyas. Here also Xerxes, 2 on his 
 retreat from Greece, built a palace. 
 
 2. While 3 Cyrus was marching on through 
 the country, he held two reviews of the army, 
 one* of the Greeks ^and the other of both^ 
 Greeks and barbarians. The review ^ at Tyriaion 
 he held 'because he wished to display his army 
 to Epyaxa. 
 
 3. ^Now she had given him money, and 
 he had paid his soldiers with^ this money. 
 For he owed them more than three months' 
 wages, and ^^was annoyed because ^^ he could 
 not pay them; for it was not in his character 
 
 \ 
 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 
 
 zz 
 
 not to be annoyed when 12 he had no ^^ money 
 for 1* the wages of his soldiers. 
 
 2. When he 
 
 
 4« T^l' /"■€!/ . 
 
 "at Tyriaion" 
 
 m 
 
 rifv 
 the 
 
 I. Of which the width, etc. 
 was 7'etreating. 3 
 8c. 5. Kai. 6. Put 
 
 attributive position. 7. Wishiiig. 8. avrt] 8-^. 
 9. dTTo. Cf. Ex. 6, 5. 10. Use the imperfect. 
 II. oTt. 12. oTTorc with optative ; conditional 
 relative sentence, general supposition. 13. M)/; 
 ov or fiT^? 14. ei5. 
 
 One . . . ///e ofhci- : alter . . . alter. // was not in /its 
 character: non erat ex eius moribus. While Cyrus was 
 marching: dum Cyrus iter facit. Observe that the Latin 
 uses the present of a past act after dum. Because he wished: 
 Mark the difference between quod vellet and quod volebat. 
 How would the former be expressed in Greek ? Translate i 
 into Latin. Near: prope. Width : latitudo. " Which is 
 . . . wide": of which the width is. Feet: the construction is 
 the same as in Greek. Palace : regia. 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 V 
 
34 
 
 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 35 
 
 EXERCISE XVII. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. 3, 15, 16. 
 
 a. Inceptive Aorist. 1260; H. 841. 
 
 b. Ittl with Genitive. 1 2 1 o, i, ^, r ; H. 799, i,a,d. 
 
 c. Kara with Accusative. 1 2 1 1, 2, r ; H. 800, 2, d. 
 
 d. Difference between Aorist and Imperfect. 
 
 1259; H. 829, 836. 
 
 I. It was the custom of ^ the Greeks to be 
 drawn up for battle four deep. 2. And each 
 commander marshalled ^ his own men. 3. Menon 
 and ^ his division took thei|- stand * on the right. 
 4. It is said that Klearchos and ^his men held 
 the left. 5. While ^ the other generals were 
 said to occupy ^ the centre. 6. The barbarians 
 were drawn up ^ by troops and by companies. 
 
 7. And thus arranged they passed in review. 
 
 8. The Greeks, however, did not march by 
 Cyrus and Epyaxa. 9. ^ But they, on the 
 
 
 > 
 
 contrary, rode past the whole Greek ^^Mine. 
 10. "Cyrus rode in his chariot, but Epyaxa in 
 her carriage. 1 1 . The shields of all the Greeks 
 were uncovered ^ as if for battle. 
 
 1. To. 2. The [mm] of hhtiself. 3. The 
 [men] with him. 4. kv Se^ta (sc. x^ipi). 5. The 
 [meii] of him. 6. U. 7. In this exercise are 
 several instances of synonymous English 
 words used for the same Greek word. 8. Cf. 
 Kara y^j/ kox Kara OaXarrav. 9. ovrot 8e. 10. Of 
 the Greeks. 1 1. Put /xeV and U in their appro- 
 priate places. 12. WO-TTCp. 
 
 Four deep: in quaternos. Menon and his division : Menon 
 cum suis. Drawn up by troops and by companies : turma- 
 tim et centuriatim instruct!. To^ ride by in a chariot: 
 curru praetervehi. Translate 4 into Latin in two ways. 
 Left: laevum. 
 
I!' 
 
 36 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XVIII. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. 3, 17, 18. 
 
 a. Constructio Pracgnans. 1225; H. 788. 
 
 b. Omission of Subject. 897, 4; H. 602, c. 
 
 c. Participle denoting Time. 1563, i; H. 968. 
 
 d. Position of the Partitive Genitive. 965; H. 
 
 I. When Cyrus ^had stopped his chariot in 
 front of the Greeks, he sent Pigres to Klearchos. 
 
 2. Now Pigres, a Persian, was his interpreter. 
 
 3. 2 As his custom was, he sent an interpreter 
 to the Greeks. 4. The Greeks ^at his com- 
 mand threw forward their arms with a shout. 
 
 5. And after this they advanced rapidly. 
 
 6. When the trumpet sounded, the whole line 
 advanced. 7. And great ^ was the terror of 
 the Kilikian queen. 8. ^The men in the tents 
 abandoned their arms and fled. 9. It is said 
 
 
 / 
 
 > 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 37 
 
 that the Kilikian queen admired the discipline 
 of the army. 10. And Cyrus is said to have 
 been pleased ^when he saw the terror of the 
 barbarians. 
 
 I. See Ex. 2, rz. 2. Cf. Ex. 17, i. 3. Having 
 been ordered by him. 4. Much. 5. Cf. ot Ik 
 T^s dyopas, K. T. A. 6. Havitig seen. 
 
 As his custom was : sicut ei mos erat. When the trumpet 
 sounded : -cvirti classicum cecinisset. Abandoned their arms 
 and fled: armis relictis fugiebant. Translate 10 into 
 Latin. To have been pleased : use laetor. 
 
 \\\ 
 
 rpd\pt]'i. 
 
38 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XIX. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATIOX. 
 Anab»si>i, I. 2, 19, 20. 
 
 a. Infinitive of Purpose. 1532; H. 951. 
 /'. ws with Participle. 1574; H. 978. 
 c. Adverbial Accusative. 1060; H. 719. 
 
 I. Thence he marches on through Phry- 
 gia four days' march, twenty-five parasangs. 
 2. And remained in Ikonion, a frontier city, two 
 days. 3. From this border city he marched 
 into the country of Lykaonia. 4. Lykaonia 
 was plundered ^on the ground that it was 
 hostile. 5. Cyrus gave it up to the Greeks 
 to plunder. 6. Thence he marched on to 
 Dana by the shortest road. 7. 2 From there 
 he sent Menon with the Kilikian queen to 
 Kdikia. 8. There he put Megaphernes to 
 death -^because he was plotting against him.'* 
 
 (• 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 39 
 
 9. ^ At any rate, he charged him Svith plotting 
 against him. 10. This Megaphernes was a 
 wearer of the royal purple. 11. A certain 
 other nobleman, too J was charged ^ with being 
 hostile to Cyrus. 12. And having been accused 
 by Cyrus, he was executed. 
 
 I. As being hostile ; not accusative. 2. Ex- 
 press ''from there" by one word. 3. As 
 plotting against ; cf . ws noXefxtav ovorav. 4. /fim- 
 sclf. 5. ow, postpositive. What is a com- 
 moner meaning of this particle ? 6. Infinitive, 
 indirect discourse. 7. Ka.i 
 
 TT)v Tttxio-Tiiv 686v : via brevissima. Gave it up . . . to 
 plunder: earn diripiendam permisit. Would the infinitive 
 diripi have the same force as the gerundive ? .-// any rate : 
 utique, or quomodocunque {Jioxvever), res sese habet. 
 Translate 8 into Latin. Why the subjunctive after quod ? 
 Remember that insidior requires the dative. 
 
 i# 
 
 'f 
 
 if 
 
 I i 
 
 "I 
 
Ill 
 
 40 BEGIXXE/^'^ GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XX. 
 
 FOR WRITTKX TRANSI.ATION. 
 AiiHbattir«, I. 3, 15-20. 
 
 I. When Cyrus ^was reviewing his army at 
 Tyriaion, ^the barbarians marched past him, 
 but he in his chariot and the Kilikian queen 
 in her carriage rode along in front of the 
 Greeks. Now the Greeks were drawn up by 
 fours, all with'^ bronze helmets, purple tunics, 
 and greaves, and with their shields uncovered ; 
 and great ^ was the splendor of the array. 
 
 2. ^In order to frighten the barbarians, Cyrus 
 ordered the whole line of the Greeks to 
 charge <^with their weapons advanced ; and 'as 
 they moved forward ^as rapidly as they could, 
 the barbarians were much frightened. Even 
 the Kilikian queen fled, leaving'^ Cyrus behind. 
 The Greeks were pleased ^^when they saw 
 the terror of the barbarians, and came with 
 laughter to their encampment. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRAXSLATIOX 
 
 41 
 
 I. What tense .^ 2. See Ex. 17, note ir. 
 3. Harin}::. 4. Much. 5. A purpose clause ; 
 see Ex. 3, /^ 6. Throwing forward their 
 weapons. 7. Genitive absolute. 8. See Ex. 
 3> (T. 9. See Ex. 10, note 5. 10 
 seen. 
 
 Having 
 
 With their 7vcapons advanced: armis obiectis. Leaving 
 Cyrus bclund: Cyro relicto. Translate the first sentence of 
 2 into Latm. To cliari^c : use procedo. 
 
 To^drrjs, 
 
 m 
 
oV- 
 
 \ 
 
 ^J) \ 
 
 42 \^. 
 
 EGINXER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 (V' 
 
 ■0^ 
 
 \j 
 
 
 0- 
 
 EXERCISE XXI. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasif*, I. 3, 21, 22. 
 
 I 
 
 V 
 
 X 
 
 />.^. 
 
 ^. Dative of Time. 1192^; H. 782. 
 -^b. Genitive Absolute. 1152; H. 970. 
 
 c. Conative Imperfect. 1255; H. 832. 
 
 d. Dative of Advantage and Disadvantage. 1 165 ; 
 
 H. 767. 
 
 I. Then Cyrus wished to invade Kilikia. 
 2. Now ihe heard that the p^i^ss, was a, .very 
 steep carriage road. 3. And infpraCtica'ble for 
 him to enter, because 2 Syennesis ^was guard- 
 ing it. 4. But Syennesis did not stay on the 
 heights. 5. A messenger *told Cyrus ^that 
 Syennesis had gone down to the'^l^ip^^ 6. And 
 Syennesis had indeed^ abandoned' the pass, 
 because ^ he heard that Menon.was in Kihkia. 
 
 7. Therefore he did not » try to hinder Cyrus. 
 
 8. 9 Since no one was guarding the pass, the 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 43 
 
 army invaded Kilikia.' 9. Also Tamos i^ hap- 
 pened to be sailing around from Ionia; 10. He 
 had Cyrus's triremes. 11. Both Greeks and 
 barbarians ^^ were pleased to see a well watered 
 plain. 12. The plain was full of wheat and 
 barley from the mountain to the sea. 
 
 % 
 
 
 on. 
 
 I. Ct. ijKove . . . Tafiiov IvovTa. i 
 3. What tense > 4. Said to Cyrus, 5. Cf. 
 oTt AcAotTTws di] ; why optative t 6. h-q. 
 7. Aorist. 8. " Try to hinder " may be ex- 
 pressed in two ways. 9. Express by the 
 genitive absolute ; no one guarding. 10. See 
 
 Ex. I, r. II. Cf. Ex. 18, 10 and note. 
 
 . - 
 
 1 1 
 
 eUrpdXX€iv els : inrumpere in. He heard that the pass 
 7oas: audivit aditum esse. S/uce no one zvas guarding: 
 nullo custodiente. Translate 4 and 5 into Latin.' Be care- 
 ful about the />^<7/-clause. Go down: descendo. Plain: 
 planities. 
 
 \i\ 
 
 ]t 
 
 n 
 
"^ 
 
 44 BEG/.VXEK'S GRKKK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XXII. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION'. \^ . 
 Anabasis, I. 2, 25»-.25. -^ 
 
 i7. Dative of Degree. 1184; H. 781. 
 
 /'. 8ia with Genitive. 1206, i; H. 795, i. 
 
 f. Accusative of Specification. 1058; H. 718. 
 
 t/. Genitive with Comparatives. ri53; H. 755. 
 
 I. There ^ is in Kilikia a city, Tarsus by 
 name. 2. At that time it was a large and 
 flourishing city, full of provisions. 3. And 
 through this city flowed a river three plethra^ 
 in width. 4. The city had been abandoned by 
 the inhabitants for a place upon the mountains. 
 5. The tavern-keepers, however,'^ did not go 
 up to the mountains. 6. But they stayed in 
 their taverns. 7. Epyaxa went down into the 
 plain ten days ^before Syennesis. 8. And it 
 was said that she arrived in ^ Tarsus five days 
 
 EOA' ORAL TRANSLATION 45 
 
 before Cyrus. 9. Two companies of Menon's 
 army were cut to pieces in the mountains. 
 10. Or else« they were unable to find their 
 way. II. 7 At any rate, one hundred hoplites 
 perished. 1 2. Some say they were cut to pieces 
 because they were plundering. 13. Others, 
 because they were left behind by the rest of 
 the army. 
 
 I. The expletive "there" is not expressed 
 in Greek or in Latin. 2. See Ex. 13, a. 
 3. iiivTou postpositive ; recall the other post- 
 positives that have occurred. 4. Cf. -nporkpa. 
 Kvpov. 5. ////,;; why.? 6. Omit. 7. See 
 Ex. 19, note 5. 
 
 A city Tarsus by name: urbs nomine Tarsi, or urbs cui 
 nomen erat Tarsis. /// width : latitudine or in latitudi- 
 nem. Five^ days before Cyrus : quinque ante Cyrum die- 
 bus, ^v Tp v^^€p^oXTl twv opoiv : in transeundis montibus. 
 ^ome . . . ot/iers: alii . . . alii. Translate 3 into Latin. 
 
 
46 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XXIII. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. 3, 26-27. 
 
 a. 8ia with Accusative. 1206, 2; H. 795, 2. 
 
 b. Subject of Infinitive omitted. 895, 2; H. 940. 
 
 c. fitra with Accusative. 12 12, 3 (/?); H. 801, 3, a. 
 
 d. Infinitive as Object (not in Indirect Discourse). 
 
 1519; H. 948. 
 
 I . ^ Menon gave up the palace ^ in Tarsus to 
 his army to plunder. 2. The soldiers were 
 angry on account of the loss of their comrades. 
 3. Syennesis was summoned to Cyrus. 4. But 
 he was unwilling to come ^into the power of 
 Cyrus. 5. For he said that Cyrus was * superior 
 to him. 6. But when his ^ wife ^ tried to per- 
 suade him, he said he would go. 7. After 
 that, having received pledges, he went to 
 Cyrus. 8. On account of the pledges, Cyrus 
 and Syennesis became acquainted with each 
 
 m 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 47 
 
 other. 9. And Cyrus gives him a golden 
 necklace. 10. Which is regarded 'at court 
 as 8 a valuable present. 11. Cyrus » promised 
 not to plunder the country of Syennesis. 
 
 I. See Ex. 19, a, and 5. 2. Cf. ra h avTrJ. 
 3. Into hands to Cyrus. \. Better than himself . 
 5. The. 6. Express by one word. 7. Near 
 8. Omit. 9. Cf. Ex. 9, 10. 
 
 the king. 
 
 f«Td TavTtt : post haec. At court: apud regem. To 
 receive pledges : fidem accipere. Promised not to plunder : 
 promisit se non direpturum [esse]. 8id tov 6X€0pov : 
 propter cladem. irpiv tj -yvvTi avrov eir6i<r€ : priusquam si 
 persuasisset uxor. Translate i into Latin. " To plunder": 
 io be plundered, but not infinitive. 
 
 ^ 
 
 > il* 
 
 1; > 
 
 1 >i 
 
48 
 
 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XXIV. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION". 
 Anabasis, I. 2, 21-27. 
 
 1. Syennesis, the king of Kilikia,^ wishing 
 to prevent Cyrus ^from entering his country, 
 seized^ the pass over* the mountains. But a 
 messenger ^ came and told him that Menon ^had 
 already led his army through the pass, and 
 ^was marching on through the plain towards 
 Tarsus. 
 
 2. Therefore he abandoned the heights, 
 and Cyrus went up ^without hindrance, and 
 the next day came down into the plain. At 
 Tarsus Cyrus became acquainted with Syen- 
 nesis, ^who gave him a large sum of money, 
 and he, on the other hand, gave him many 
 valuable gifts. 
 
 FOR IVRITTEN TRANSLATJOX 
 
 49 
 
 3. Now Epyaxa had persuaded Syennesis to 
 meet Cyrus, i« though at first he was unwillin- 
 to put hmiself into his power. "" 
 
 I. cm dans, 2. To enter, 3. Aa/>t/?c{,/o>. 
 ^. Through, s- Came saying 6. Cf. AeAoiTr^, 
 ^irf. 7. Use the present. 8. No one himkring. 
 9. See Ex. 4, note i. The student should 
 remember that ^iv and Se are seldom both 
 translated into English, but are very common 
 m Greek. 10. Atjirst not being luilling. 
 
 Wishing to prevent Cyrus from enterin^r : cum vellet 
 Cyrum prohibere ne inrumperet. To persuade one to do a 
 tfung: ahem persuadere ut with subjunctive. 
 
 11 
 
 Hi 
 
 'ill 
 
 • I 
 
 ! 
 
50 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 \/l 
 
 EXERCISE XXV. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. 3, i, 2. 
 
 a. pi with Dative. 12 lo, 2, r ; H. 799, 2, c. 
 
 b. Subject of Infinitive omitted. 895,2; H. 940. 
 
 c. Infinitive after Verbs of Hindrance, etc. ^ 1 5^9, "^^ 
 
 1615; H. 963, 1029. luCCoi/^ £i/6*<l /^Xi,t^kr 
 
 d. Position of the Genitive of Pronouns with the 
 
 Article. 960, 977; H. 673, b. 
 
 I. **We refuse^ to go forward.^ 2. For we 
 suspect that we are being led against the king. 
 
 3. And we were not hired for this purpose. 
 
 4. Klearchos cannot'^ compel us to go. 5. We 
 shall stone him, if he tries.* " 6. ^ Such things 
 the soldiers said to each other. 7. Klearchos 
 ^ tried to compel them to advance. 8. But 'he 
 came near being stoned to death. 9. Then an 
 assembly of his^ soldiers was summoned by 
 him. 10. They assembled and for a short 
 
 EOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 SI 
 
 time stood in silence, ii. And they were 
 surprised because he ^ stood and wept a long 
 time. 12. When they saw him weeping, they 
 didn't 10 stone him lo^ny more. 13. After a 
 while Klearchos spoke as follows. 
 
 I. Say not 2. Use an adverbial phrase. 
 3. Use the future. 4. rreipdofxai. What kind 
 of conditional sentence .? 5. roiavra. 6. See 
 Ex. 21, r. ^. Bya little he escaped, etc. 8. Not 
 0.VT0V. 9. Standing wept. 10. ''Not ... any 
 more" * " 
 
 OVK ItL. 
 
 We refuse to go : negamus nos ituros [esse]. Observe 
 that the Latin expresses the subject of the infinitive. To 
 stone a person : lapides in aliquem conicere. I/e came verv 
 near being stoned to death : baud multum afuit quin lapidi- 
 bus obrueretur. What is this literally, afuit being imper- 
 sonal.? Translate 2 into I >atin. 
 
 '-! 
 
I 
 
 52 BEG/XiVEK'S GREEK' COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XXVI. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anaba^iis T. .'), 3, 4. 
 
 a. Prohibitions. 1346; H. 874. 
 '' b. /xcTa with Genitive. 1212, \^b\ H. 801, i. 
 
 c. Implied Indirect Discourse. 1502, 1369 ; 
 
 H. 937- 
 
 d. The Passive of Verbs taking two Accusatives. 
 
 1239; H- 724. <^' 
 
 FOR ORAL TRAXSLATION 
 
 53 
 
 J t 
 
 I. "Do not be surprised because I wept. 
 
 2. I was distress^f at the existing state of 
 
 things. 3. ^An exile from my native land, I 
 
 -< /M1^ became Cyrus's guest-friend. 4. And I ^was 
 
 U ^ well treated by him. 5. When he gave me 
 
 ten thousand darics, I, ^pi^ni ' tneril' on you. 
 
 6. '^ With your help I drove the Thracians out 
 
 of the Chersonesos. 7. Eqc the Greeks ^who 
 
 ' Jh^ed there were being mbbed of their land. 
 
 8. Then Cyrus summoned me. 9. And I took 
 
 the field to aid him ^if j could. 10. I wished 
 to aid him ^in return for the money I had 
 received from him. 11. And now you refuse' 
 to accompany me." 
 
 I. Fleeing. 
 
 2. Mark the idiom. 3. With 
 you. 4. Participle. Notice how often the Greek 
 participle corresponds to a relative clause in 
 English, and conversely. 5. This clause is 
 implied indirect discourse. The direct form 
 would be eai/ SuVw/xai. 6. Cf. ave" wi/. 7. See 
 Ex. 25, note i. 
 
 To be distressed, take it hard: moleste ferre. An exile 
 from my native land: patria expulsus. / spent them on 
 you : in vestrum commodum impendebam. To aid him 
 if I eoiild: ut eum iuvarem, si possem. Translate ro 
 into Latin. /,/ return for : pro. The relative pronoun mav 
 not be omitted as in English. 
 
 I ' 
 
 II 
 
 • i 
 
54 BEGIIVNEirS GREEK' COMPOSITION' 
 
 EXERCISE XXVII. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 AuabaMiii I. 3, 5, 6. 
 
 <i. ai/ with Infinitive. 1308; H. 964. 
 
 b. Emphatic Negation. 1619; H. 1030. 
 
 c. Genitive of Separation. 1117, 1140; H. 748. 
 
 d. Conditional Relative Sentences: Future, more 
 
 vivid. 1434 ; H. 916. 
 
 I. "I am distressed because you do not wish 
 to accompany me. 2. But I will not ^ desert /j^ ^ <^'^" 
 you ori pTrove false to you. 3. ^if i wish to 
 enjoy the friendship of Cyrus, ^ I must of course 
 desert you. 4. But ^ if I go with you, I must 
 prove false to him. 5. And nobody ever said 
 that I ^proved false to the Greeks. 6. With 
 you I will suffer ^whatever is necessary. 
 7. ^Wherever you go, I will go. 8. I think 
 I should be in honor, ^if I should go with you. 
 9. Since you are to me equally ^ fatherland 
 
 EOI? ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 55 
 
 and friends and companions, I will accompany 
 you. 10. Without friends and companions ^n 
 should of course not be able to repel my foes. 
 II. Whether you will be my friends I know 
 not." 
 
 I. Neither . . . nor, oiTrc . . . ouVe. 2. A 
 present supposition. 3. Necessi^' [/>] to me. 
 4. A future supposition. 5. What mood.? 
 6. Conditional relative clause, like "if any- 
 thing shall ^be^ necessary." 7. See note 6. 
 8. Cf. oTTor ai/w, which is equal to "if I shall 
 be anywhere." 9. Ko.i 10. This clause in the 
 direct form represents ^v eW of the text. 
 
 I will suffer 7vhatevcr is necSssary : quidquid opus erit 
 patiar. Wherever you go : ubicumque ibitis. Without 
 frtends and companions : si ab amicis sociisque destitutus 
 Sim. cus Cfiov ouv lovTOs . . . oiiro, ttjv yv«,it,v c"x€T€ : me 
 iturum esse persuasum habete. cl 8£Kaia uoiri<ra, oOk 
 ol8a : baud scio an iuste facturus sim. Translate 11 into 
 Latin. 
 
 I ! \ 
 
56 fi£G/XX£A''S GREEK COMPOSITIOX 
 
 EXERCISE XXVIII. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRAXSLATIOX, 
 
 Aualmsis I. 3, i-6. 
 
 1 . When Klearchos found out that he could 
 not conipcf his men^ to advance, he collected ^ 
 an assembly, and spoke as follows : 
 
 2. '♦ Eellow-soldiers, do not wonder that I 
 wished to accompany Cyrus, for he was my ^ 
 n-iiest-friend, and had honored me *in many 
 ways, and of course I wanted to aid him in 
 return for the benefits I had received from 
 him. But when I found out that you ° would 
 not ^o forward, I was distressed, and even«^ 
 shed tears. 
 
 3. '* However," I must ^ go wMth you, for I led 
 you into the countr)' of the barbarians, and 
 now I will not desert you; and no one shall 
 ever say that I preferred the friendship of 
 Cvrus. Now don't stone me any more.*" 
 
 FOR WRITTEX TRAXSLATIOX 57 
 
 I. Xot ofj'Spc? or avOpojTTOL. 2. Use the parti- 
 ciple. 3. See Ex. 7, note 8. 4. Cf. ra iXXa, 
 
 5. Remember that Cl,xl is future in sense. 
 
 6. KOL. 7. fx.ivToi. 8. See Ex. 27, note 3. 
 9- "Not any more," /xj^kcVi ; why not oI^k tn ? 
 
 tVhe„A'/earc/ios found out that he could not: Clearchus 
 
 cum intellexisset se non posse. That vou uwuld not .r^ 
 
 /onvard :vos non ituros [esse]. .\-..:., don t stone me anv 
 
 more: nol.te iam in me lapides conicere. Translate i 
 
 into Latin and compare it with the Greek. Au. vtblv : contio 
 
 Kpavos 
 
58 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XXIX. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis I. 3, 7, 8. 
 
 a. 7rp6^ with Accusative. 1216, 3; H. 805, 3. 
 /;. cTTt with Accusative. 12 10, 3; H. 799, 3. 
 c: Tenses in Indirect Discourse. 1483; H- ^SS-S- 
 y. Trapd with Genlffve, Dative" and Accusative. 
 1213, 1221; H. 802, 790. 
 
 I . Klearchos ^ said that he would not march 
 to the king. 2,^ And when his soldiers heard 
 that,2 they approved. 3. For they thought 
 that Cyrus ^was marching against his brother. 
 4. And they did not wish to go Mnto the 
 interior. 5. Cyrus thought that men from 
 Xenias and Pasioa.^ would go with him. 6. But 
 when they encaiYipe'cr near Klearchos, he was 
 ^4ni{byed. 7. So he sent for Klearchos, and 
 Klearchos sent a messenger to him unknown 
 to the soldiers. 8. '* Be of good courage, 
 
 EOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 59 
 
 Cyrus,^ Hox I will go with you. 9. And these 
 thmgs will be settled satisfactorily.' 10. spor 
 myself, I do not wish to go to you. 11. But 
 do you 9 continue to send for me." 
 
 I. Ri:fnsed to march; cf. Ex. 25, i and note i. 
 2. T/icse \things\ 3. What would be the tense 
 of the direct form 1 4. Expressed in the 
 prefix of the verb. 5. The vocative is very 
 often preceded by J. 6. Cf. o5. Karacrr^cro- 
 
 P^^vuiv rovTi^v. 7. Adverbial phrase. 8. c'yoye. 
 9. Present tense. 
 
 IC/earckos said that he would not march against the hinr • 
 Clearchus negavit se ad regem iter facturum. ir/L 
 kncnun to the soldiers : militibus inscientibus. />V of ^ood 
 
 coufage 
 
 bono animo es 
 Approve: laudo. 
 
 Translate 2 and 3 into Latin. 
 
I vi^ " 
 
 60 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XXX. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. 3, 9. 10. 
 
 a. Partitive Genitive. 1088 ; H. 729 e. 
 h. Participle with avvoila.. 1590; H. 982 a. 
 
 c. Object Clauses after Verbs of Fearing. 1378; 
 
 H. 887. 
 
 d. Indirect Discourse with on and <os. 1487^ ^' 
 
 930-2. 
 
 I . To another assembly came ^ any one of 
 the soldiers that wished 2. And Klearchos 
 2 made the following address. 3. "Our rela- 
 tions to Cyrus are in just the same position 
 as his 3 to us. 4. Since we are no longer his 
 soldiers, evidently we shall no longer receive 
 pay from him. 5. However, I think we have 
 wronged him. 6. ^Are not you conscious of 
 having deceived him .^ 7. P know that H 
 have deceived him. 8. So that when he 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 61 
 
 sends for me, I am unwilling to go to him. 
 9. And besides, I am afraid that he will send 
 for me again.^ 10. ^Of necessity, then, I must 
 go to him. II. And he will ^punish me for^ 
 the wrongs I have done him." 
 
 I. The [onel wishing of the soldiers. 2. Said 
 these things. 3. Use the genitive of alro^, 
 there being no possessive pronoun of the 
 third person in prose. 4. a> /x^'. 5. Since 
 the second " I " is not expressed in Greek, 
 the emphasis comes on the first; lycoyt.' 
 6. voXlv. 7. Necessity wili be to 7ne; Cf. Ex. 
 27> 3- 8. Liflict pimishment upon me (dative) 
 of those things in which I have wronged hivi. 
 
 Any one 0/ the soldiers that wiJied: cuicunque ex mili- 
 tibus hbebat. Our relations : res nostrae. Are in just 
 t/ie same position : eodem omnino modo st habent. oCrcas 
 €X€i: ita sehabet. orilvoiSa ^navT«: mihi conscius sum. 
 TO H€y H^Yt<rTOv al<rxvv6t«vos : maxime quia me pudet. 
 1 ranslate 7 into Latin. Deceive : fallo. 
 
 N 
 
62 
 
 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XXXI. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 
 AiiabaHis I. 3, 11-13. 
 
 a. Reflexive Pronouns. 993; H. 683. 
 h. o(TTL<i in Indirect Questions. 1013, 1600 ; 
 H. 700, lOI I, l7. 
 
 c. Future Participle denoting Purpose. 1563, 4; 
 
 H. 969, c. 
 
 d. Genitive with Verbs of Mental Action, etc. 
 
 1102; H. 742. 
 
 I. ^Do not neglect yourselves. 2. But con- 
 sider what you must do next.^ 3. As long 
 as we sleep, we are neglecting ourselves. 
 4. We must ^ consider, therefore, how we shall 
 '^make the safest retreat. 5. Without provi- 
 sions ^ neither general nor private is of any 
 account. 6. Now you all see that Cyrus has^ 
 a large force. 7. For you are encamped not 
 far from him. 8. And he is a dangerous enemy 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 63 
 
 to any one with whom he is at war. 9. ^ j h^ve 
 told you what I think. 10. And now it seems 
 to be time for you to tell what you ^ think. 
 II. Some told what they thought, and some 
 were prompted by Cyrus. 
 
 I. See Ex. 26, a. 2. Fro7n these \thmgs\ 
 3. This may be expressed in two ways, both 
 illustrated in the text. 4. Go away most 
 safely. 5. See Ex. 27, /;. 6. Participle in 
 indirect discourse. 7. er/.^/ca. 8. Emphatic, 
 and therefore to be expressed. 
 
 As hmg as: quamdiu. What you must do next: quid 
 deinceps vobis agendum sit. Ka0fi<r0ai : considere. 
 ^X^POS : inimicus. 7roX€Vios : hostis. oJpa Ka0€ii8€iv • tern- 
 pus dormiendi. Do not: nolite. Kal 
 Translate i, 3 and 6 into Latin. 
 
 -yap 
 
 €IV 
 
 nam etiam. 
 
64 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XXXII. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION. 
 AnabaHis I. 3, 7-1.^. 
 
 1. Klearchos refusecP to go to Cyrus, but 
 sent a messenger to him ^to tell him that 
 everything^ ** would turn out satisfactorily. 
 Then he ^called an assembly of his soldiers, 
 and said that, since they refused ^ to follow 
 Cyrus, they were no longer his soldiers, nor 
 was he any longer their paymaster. 
 
 2. *' So that it is time," said he, ''for us to 
 consider what we must do. ' Stand up and 
 tell what you think is best. We have deceived 
 Cyrus, and I think that he is no longer our 
 friend. He thinks that he has been wronged 
 by us, and I am afraid ^that he will be a 
 dangerous enemy." 
 
 3. " Well," ^ said some one, prompted by 
 Klearchos, *' I think that Cyrus is a most valu- 
 able friend, and that the difficulty in going 
 away without his knowledge is very great." 
 
 EOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 
 
 65 
 
 I. See Ex. 29, note i. 2. See Ex 31, c 
 3. All thhigs. 4. Always ask yourself this 
 question when dealing with indirect discourse • 
 What would be the tense in the direct form ? 
 5. Brought together. 6. Optative. 7. Havi?i- 
 stood up, tell. 8. See Ex. 30, .. 9. dAAc£. ' 
 
 us existimat se a nobis iniuria adfectum esse. / .. 
 afraid that he wJ/t he: vereor ne sit v,,/ 
 /■/>//• Tn ,.,Kof vcicor ne sit. Scut a messenger to 
 
 tell. In what ways may " to tell " be expressed in Latin } 
 
 -J 1 
 
 oirX^TT/j. 
 
 1 
 
66 
 
 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XXXIII. 
 
 FOR URAL TRANSLATION. 
 
 ( 
 
 Anabasis I. .3, 14. 15- 
 
 •, V 
 
 f> 
 
 a. participle with t^Bavta. 1586; H. 984. 
 
 iwt tx^- ' *^ Virbals in tcW 1594-7; H- 9^^~9i- 
 
 ] \^ .,. ?Kjc^ 'Hie "Negative />tr/. 1 6 1 o - 1 1 ; H . 1019,^ 
 «>^^ * ■ r, ^/. Two Accusatives after Verbs of Asking. 1069; 
 
 I. One in particular pretended that he ^ was 
 in a hurry to go back. 2. And so he proposed 
 to choose another general. 3. For Klearchos 
 was not willing to take command. 4. If Cyrus 
 2 is not willing to give us transports, we shall 
 ask him for a guide. 5. But we must^ have a 
 J , • guide *to lead us away. 6. And we must pre- 
 
 occupy the heights in order that Cyrus may not 
 ^get the start of us in seizing them. 7. Let 
 no one of the Kilikians preoccupy the heights. 
 8. That they ♦^must not do. 9. The Greeks 
 
 /•VR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 67 
 
 Will follow ' Whatever guide you may choose. 
 10. But there are many reasons why 8 we 
 ought to obey Klearchos. 
 
 I. Why should not "he" be expressed.? 
 2. Shall not 7insh. 3. ^^. 4. Whoever shall 
 lead. 5. Cf. (f>Odaio(TL Kara\a/36vTeq. 6. Use 
 the verbal. 7. The guide (dative) whomei'er. 
 8. ^ On accoinU of tohich. 9. The verbal of 
 Tv^iOoi is TreicTTeov. 
 
 Pretertdedthat he uuu in a hurry: simulabat se prope- 
 rare. ovk ePovX.ro : nolebat. ./ guUc to lead us a Jay : 
 ducem qui nos abducat. That thev must not do : hoc fa- 
 cere non debent ; or hoc eis non faciendum est. Jfhate^'er 
 guuie you may choose: quemcumque ducem elegeritis 
 my: quam ob rem. Translate 4 into Latin. Use the 
 present subjunctive imthe first part to denote what may hap- 
 pen Translate 10 into Latin. Be careful about the mood 
 in the last part. 
 
 
68 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XXXIV. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. 3, i6, 17. 
 
 a. Assimilation of Mood. i439; H- 9^9' ^• 
 
 Ik Dative of Accompaniment. 1189-90; H.774. 
 
 c. Assimilation (Attraction) of the Relative. 
 
 1031; H. 994. 
 il. Conditional Relative Sentences : Future, less 
 
 vivid. 1428, 1436; H. 912, 917. 
 
 I. iRe who bids us ask Cyrus for trans- 
 ports is foolish. 2. For Cyrus is not Agoing 
 to make his expedition back again. 3. Another 
 pointed out the folly of ^ the o*ne who asked for 
 a guide. 4. * Just as if Cyrus would give a trust- 
 worthy^ guide. 5. He was afraid to go on 
 board the boats that Cyrus ^ might give. 6. I, 
 too, should be afraid to follow the guide that 
 Cyrus might give. 7. Now it is not possible 
 to ('•o away 'if Cyrus is unwilling. 8. And 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 69 
 
 we cannot Sget off without his knowing it. 
 9. If we take his transports ^what hinder^ his 
 
 sinking us, transports and all ? 10. Or leadino- 
 ift . 1 . ..- t> 
 
 us 
 
 10 
 
 out of } 
 
 to a place it will be impossible to get 
 
 I. The [oue] hiddijig, 2. Future tense. 
 3.^ See note i. 4. Cf. ^^^^^ . . . Kiyjov Troto- 
 ^eVov. 5. TTL^r6<i. 6. Potential optative with 
 av. 7. Genitive absolute. 8. Gohii^ off, escape 
 the notice of him. 9. Cf. rt' KcoAi'a '. .". [^/xS?] 
 /ceAcveti/. 10. Whence it will not i>e possible to 
 go out. 
 
 Justus ifCyms zoo uU give : quasi Cyrus daturus esset. 
 
 IV/iat httiders his siu/:i;ig? quid impedit quo minus de- 
 
 mergat? Get off ivithoiit his hno-wino- if: digredientes 
 
 eum latere, airais rais rpi^p^ori : cum ipsis triremibus. 
 
 Translate i into Latin, beginning " stultus." 
 
 [ 
 
70 BEGIXAER'S GREEK COMPOSiriON 
 
 EXERCISE XXXV. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Analmsis, I. 3, iS, 19. 
 
 a. Participle expressing Condition. 1563, 5 ; 
 
 H. 969, d. 
 h. Dative with Compound Verbs. ii79;H. 775. 
 
 c. xP"^ofiat with Dative and Cognate Accusative. 
 
 1 183; H. 777, a. 
 
 d. Tenses of the Dependent Moods (not in 
 
 Indirect Discourse). 1271-8; H. 851. 
 
 I. ^This man recommended that suitable 
 persons 2 ^ should go to Cyrus. 2. And these, 
 *vvhen they went, asked Cyrus ^what use he 
 wished^ to make of them. 3. We should fol- 
 low, if the undertaking were similar to ^the 
 former one. 4. For (ireeks formerly went 
 inland* with Cyrus. 5. And we do not wish 
 to be more cowardly than they. 6. But if the 
 undertaking: be toilsome, he must^ ^^\\\\\ us 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 n 
 
 over "the best way he can. 7. Or if the 
 undertaking appear dangerous, we must 10 pre- 
 vail on him to let us off. 8. If we should be 
 won over, we should be friendly to Cyrus. 
 9- If we go off in friendship, we shall go off 
 in safety. 10. 12 When we have heard what 
 Cyrus may say, we will deliberate. 
 
 I. // seemed best to this [man]. 2. Omit. 
 3. ^Infinitive. 4. Having gone. 5. Cf. rC . . . 
 XPW^^f- 6. Indirect question after secondary 
 tense. 7. Cf. t^s Trp6(T0ev. 8. See Ex. 29, 
 note 4. 9. avay K-q. 10. Persuade. 11. rj 
 BvvaTov fj.d\L(TTa. 12. Havi7ig heard. 
 
 tC povXcTtti TiVtv XP^o-eai : quam ob rem nostra uti 
 veht opera. This ??ian recommended: huic visum est. 
 Suitable persons : idonei. Deliberate : consilium capere.' 
 Translate i and 10 into Latin. Remember that " when we 
 have heard " would be " when we shall have heard." 
 
72 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XXXVI. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRAXSLATIOX. 
 
 Anabasis, I. 3, 14- "> 
 
 ^\ 
 
 1. ^My proposal is, if Klearchos does not 
 wish to lead us back, to ask Cyrus for boats, 
 in order that we may sail away as quickly as 
 possible to Greece. Eor if we have boats, we 
 can 2 get away safely. But if we cannot prevail 
 upon Cyrus to give us boats, what prevents his 
 o-iving us a guide, who will lead us through ^a 
 country that is friendly .^ 
 
 2. If we do not follow Cyrus, where ^ shall 
 we buy provisions.? Eor the market, ^you 
 know, is in his army. And if Cyrus should 
 give us a guide, I should be afraid to follow 
 him. Evidently ^ there are ' many reasons why 
 Klearchos will not « assume this command, but 
 he will obey whomever we may choose. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLA TION 73 
 
 I. Cf. Ex. 35, I, and note i. 2. Future. 
 
 3. Put the adjective in the predicate position* 
 
 4. oVov 5. 8^. 6. Cf. Ex. 30, 4. 7. Many 
 Vtlwigs-] on account of which. 8. Cf. o-rpar7;yf 
 <Tovra. . . . (TTpar-qylav. 
 
 Prez'ail upon one to : alicui persuadere ut. Translate 
 the first sentence of 2 into Latin, but do not use the present 
 indicative ; also the third sentence of 2. ^ 
 
 I 
 
 ^Kos (dfiipopeOs). 
 
74 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XXXVII. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. .3, 20, 21. 
 
 a. Genitive of Time. 1136; H. 759. 
 
 /;. Verbals in -t6^. 776, i, 2; H. 475. 
 
 c. Article with Distributive Force. 95 1 ; H. 657, c. 
 
 d. Future Infinitive after Verbs of Promising. 
 
 1286; H. 948, a, 
 
 I . The deputies asked Cyrus ^ the questions 
 that the army had agreed upon. 2. And he 
 replied that he wished 2 to go to the Euphrates 
 river. 3. 1 or Abrocomas, his personal enemy, 
 was there. 4. Now the Euphrates was twelve 
 stages off. 5. ^If Abrocomas should be there, 
 he would punish him. 6. The soldiers had 
 a suspicion that Abrocomas was^ not there. 
 7. Nevertheless they decided to follow. 8. For 
 Cyrus '^promised that he would lead them to 
 the river. 9. And, ^as they demanded addi- 
 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 75 
 
 tional pay, he gave them fifty per cent, more 
 than they had before. 10. This 'amounted 
 to a daric and a half a month to « each man. 
 II. That the Euphrates was thirteen stages 
 off, nobody heard, at least openly. 
 
 ^ I. Recast this before trying to put it into 
 Greek. 2. Not imperfect or aorist ; why.? 
 3- Future supposition, less vivid form. 4. Cf. 
 vTrtcrxvcirai . . . hU^,^, 5. Xo them demand- 
 ifig, etc. 6. Notice the attraction of the rela- 
 tive. 7. See Ex. 13, u. g. The soldier, 
 
 TJ^idXiov . . . o^J TrpdT6pov l<|,€pov : dimidio maius sti- 
 pendium quam id quod prius accipiebant. tov ut,v6s • 
 singulis mensibus. To demand additional pav : auctum 
 
 Puntsh, poenam sumere. Translate 2 into Latin. Also c; 
 do not use the imperfect subjunctive ; why not } 
 
o ■ 
 
 76 BEGIXXER'S GREEK' COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XXXVIII. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anaba!«i!i, T. 4, 1-3. 
 
 ^.Causal Sentences. 1505; H. 925. 
 
 ^. Dative of Instrument. 1181; H. 776. 
 
 r! Genitive with Verbs of Ruling, etc. 11 09; 
 
 H. 741. 
 d. Uses of the Middle Voice. 1242, i, 2, 3 ; 
 
 H. 811 -14. 
 
 I. Issus is a frontier city of Kilikia, situated 
 on the sea-coast. 2. To this city Cyrus marched 
 from the Pyramus river. 3. Thither came and 
 cast^ 'anffiir sk'ty" ^tiips7^4. Pythagoras was 
 admiral over^ the thirty-five ships from Pelo- 
 ponnosps. 5. And Tamos, an Egyptian, had 
 been^feesieging ^^eto^^with twenty ships. 
 
 jwea hi 
 
 6. Which now fbn^\Ved' him from Ephesos to 
 Issus. 7. Miletos was besieged, since it had 
 been friendly to Tissaphernes. 8. And Tissa- 
 
 EOR ORAL TRANSLATION 77 
 
 phernes, ^you remember, haa made war upon 
 Cyrus. 9. Four hundred Greek mercenaries, 
 havmg revolted from Abrocomas, came to 
 Cyrus. 10. And Cheirisophos, summoned by 
 Cyrus, commanded seven hundred hoplites. 
 
 I. cV.' with dative ; cf. l^\ rC>. »,e<i., o^i board 
 the ships. 2. Express by a common particle. 
 
 Situated on the sea-coast: ad mare sita. Ls sequor followed 
 by the same case as ?.o^a. ^ <rvv..oX.Vc Kvp ' .p6s alrdv 
 adversus hunc cum Cyro bellum Resserat Jnl^A^I ' 
 st^pendiarii. .apd Kvp<, : apud C^rlZ H^^l^^^^^ 
 
 tes gravis armaturae. Translate . and lo'^bto L^^^" 
 Command : duco. i-aiin. 
 
li 
 
 78 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XXXIX. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. 4, 4, 5. 
 
 a. Position of dfi<f>6T€pos. 976; H. 673, a. 
 
 b. Implied Indirect Discourse. 1502; H. 937. 
 r. Agreement of Verb with Predicate Noun. 
 
 904; H. 610. 
 d. Dependent Clauses in Indirect Discourse. 
 1497, I, 2; H. 931-2. 
 
 I. Syennesis was guarding the inner wall. 
 2. And Abrocomas was said to hold the outer 
 one,i that toward Syria. 3. ^ The space between 
 the inner wall and the river is a stade. 4. And 
 the width of the Karsos river is one plethrum. 
 5. ^The whole distance between the walls is 
 three stades. 6. At both the gates guards 
 had been stationed.* 7. Cyrus put ashore his^ 
 hoplites, that they might overpower the enemy. 
 8. For he thought ^ that Abrocomas would be 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 79 
 
 guarding the pass. 9. 7 But he, « hearing that 
 Cyrus was near, had retreated. 10. However 
 Cyrus did not think that he would march out 
 of Syria. 11. But presently » he heard 10 that 
 he was retreating through Phoinikia. 
 
 I. Omit. 2. The middle of. 3. Cf. note 2. 
 4. TtVt. 5. The. 6. o?o/xat. 7. h U. 8. Cf 
 cVei rjKovo-e Y^vpov ovra. 9. avrUa. 10 Cf 
 
 note 8. 
 
 Tint *"" '"uu!"- • ' • T° ^^ t^" f "^^^°^^ '• [--^tellum] cite- 
 rius . . ultenus. ^^pos uXcOpov : latitudine or in atitu 
 
 ate 7 and 10 into Latin. AV/;v.7/.- se recipere. However ■ 
 what IS the proper position of autem } ' 
 
8o BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XL. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis I. 3, 20 — 4, 5. 
 
 1. A river, ^ Pyramos by name, flows through 
 Kilikia. This river is fifteen parasangs distant 
 from Issus, ^a frontier city of Kilikia, large 
 and prosperous. There Cyrus stayed three 
 days. And Pythagoras, a Lakedaimonian, came 
 there with thirty-five ships. Cheirisophos also 
 was on board the fleet ^ with seven hundred 
 hoplites. 
 
 2. Cyrus thought that ^if he should land 
 troops, some^ ^on the hither side of the Syrian 
 wall and some^ ^on the further side, he would 
 be able to overpower the enemy and get by the 
 pass. Then " he proposed to march on to the 
 Euphrates river, twelve stages off, where he 
 heard that Abrocomas was. But if Abrocomas 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLA T/ON 
 
 81 
 
 Should not be there, they would then « consider 
 the situation. 
 
 I- See Ex. 15, a. 2. S/u/>s. 3. Dependent 
 Clause m indirect discourse. 4 Cf Ex 5 a 
 
 emte tn reference fo these things. 
 
 Cyrus thorcghnhat if he should laud troops, etc • Cvrus 
 pu avu s. copias exposuisset. .l'.« Kal ^^ \ dtra uft a! 
 
 e^hpai. 
 
 {•i 
 
82 BEGIiV.VER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XLI. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Auabasis, I. 4, 6, 7. 
 
 a. The Future Optative. 1287; H. 855, a, 
 
 b. Genitive of Value. 1133, 1134; H. 753,/ 
 
 c. Present with force of Perfect. 1256; H. 827. 
 
 d. Participle denoting Cause. 1563,2; H. 969, ^. 
 
 I. At Myrandos two Greek generals left 
 Cyrus's expedition and sailed away. 2. The 
 names of these commanders were Xenias and 
 Pasion, the one an Arkadian, the other a Mega- 
 rian. 3. They, as it seemed, were piqued because 
 Klearchos kept their ^ soldiers. 4. Now these 
 soldiers had gone over to him. 5. For they 
 thought 2 he was going back to Greece. 6. And 
 Cyrus allowed Klearchos to keep them. 7. A 
 report spread abroad that these generals ^ had 
 sailed away. 8. They had put * their valuable 
 property on board a transport. 9. ^ Most people 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATIOX 
 
 83 
 
 thought that they were cowards. 10. And they 
 wished that Cyrus would capture them. 11 But 
 he did not pursue them. 12. ^ We pity them 
 It they are taken by Cyrus. 
 
 I. Their oum. 2. vo/x^ta). 3. Aorist. 4. The 
 \things-\ worth much. 5. They seemed to most 
 to be cowards, 6. Cf. e.>.ro a^ro^, A^^c^^^.ac. 
 • 7. The direct form of ^ktu^ov d dXuxrotvro. 
 Change the optative to the same tense of the 
 indicative. What other change is necessary? 
 
 that hey roere cowards : plerisque videbantur esse i^navi 
 
 seret. Translate 5 and 12 into Latin. Is "are taken ^ a 
 real present .? ^" * 
 
84 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XLII. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. 4, 8, 9. 
 
 a. Predicate Accusative. 1077; H. 726. 
 
 b. Genitive of Separation. 11 17; H. 748. 
 
 c. Two Accusatives. 1073-4; H. 725, ^. 
 
 //. Subject and Agent of the Passive. 1234-6; 
 H. 818, a. 
 
 I . Cyrus knew ^ whither Xenias and Pasion 
 had gone. 2. And his triremes could catch 
 their transport. 3. But he let 2 them escape. 
 4. ''By the gods," said he, "no one shall say 
 3 that I pursued them. 5. Let them be well 
 assured ^that I shall not arrest them." 6. And 
 Cyrus '*was not wont to use any one ^so long 
 as he was with him. 7. And then treat him 
 ill, ^when he wanted to go away. 8. The 
 Greeks were somewhat^ dispirited in refer- 
 ence to the expedition. 9. But on account of 
 
 If 
 
 fOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 85 
 
 Cyrus s magnanimity 'towards Xenias and 
 Pasion, they followed with greater spirit 
 10. After this they came to rivers full of large 
 and tame fish. n. Now the Syrians regard 
 fishes as gods. 12. Nor do they allow « any 
 one to injure the doves. 
 
 i.^ Indirect discourse after secondary tense 
 2. e(ia>. 3. Indirect discourse after primary 
 tense. 4. Imperfect; see Ex. 11, /;. 5 Note 
 carefully the dependence of this clause, and 
 see Ex. II, c. 6. Expressed in the compara- 
 tive. 7. Cf. iT^pX e>e. 8. Omit "any one." 
 
 f re knew .ohither they had gone : intellexit quo ivissent 
 Somewhat dnpir^ted: animo minus alacri. L auouT^f 
 Cyruis magnanimity toraards them : propter Cvri erriln; 
 -tutem. Translate 8 and .0 into IJJ T^^l'^nZ 
 etus. //{///;r.- noceo, with dative. 
 
 L'lil 
 
86 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XLIII. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Aiiabasisi, I. 4, 10-12. 
 
 a. Tenses of the Participle. 1288; H. 856. 
 
 b. Genitive with Verbs of Ruling, etc. 1109; 
 
 H. 741. 
 
 c. Genitive with Verbs of Depriving. 1118 ; 
 
 H. 748, a. 
 
 d. Indirect Discourse witK on and w?. 1481; 
 
 H. 930-3- 
 
 I . Belesys, ^ who had been ruler of Syria, had 
 a large park there.^ 2. This park Cyrus laid 
 waste. 3. And ^a report spread abroad that 
 he * would burn down the palace. 4. Thapsakos 
 is situated on the Euphrates river. 5. At that 
 very place Cyrus told the Greek generals that 
 he * should march against the king. 6. ^The 
 soldiers also were told this by the generals. 
 7 The generals ^sent for the soldiers and 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 87 
 
 ' tried to persuade them to follow. 8. But thev 
 said that the generals knew ^the facts before 
 9. And they were angry with them. 10 How* 
 ever they said they ^ would follow, if some one 
 would give them money. 1 1 . Those « who went 
 inland with Cyrus before received 10 money. 
 
 .": ^^''\f^f\!^-^^ng ruled. 2. Put this word 
 tirst. 3 cf. Lx.41, 7. 4. Future indicative 
 in the direct form. 5. This was said to the 
 soldiers 6. Participle and verb, instead of 
 two verbs. 7. See Ex. 21, .. ^. These \thiugs\ 
 9. Cf. note I. 10. \ai,p6.vu., "" ^ 
 
 • 
 
 6 Svpfas ap^as ; qui Syriae oraefupraf c ^ ^ 
 
 s.t.s persuadebant ut sequerentur. .1/,,, J .e" fa/e/e" 
 If some one : s. quis. Translate 5 and ,0 into Lat n 
 
 ■r 
 t 111 
 
Jifl 
 
 88 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XLIV. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION. 
 Anaba!«is, I. 4, (i - 12. 
 
 1. After Xenias and Pasion ^had deserted 
 Cyrus, he called the generals together and 
 said that they had not ^ got beyond his reach, 
 because he could catch them with his triremes. 
 Now they were sailing away in a transport. 
 But he said that he should not pursue them, 
 3 lest some one might say ■* that as long as ^ a 
 man was with him he used him, but when he 
 wanted to go away, he arrested him and treated 
 
 him ill. 
 
 2. Nor did he deprive them ^ of their wives 
 and children, whom " he had under guard in 
 Tralles. So they got back their wives and 
 children on account of their former good ser- 
 vices to Cyrus. After this the army marched 
 on twelve stages, sixty-five parasangs, to the 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 89 
 
 Euphrates river, which was four stades in 
 
 ^L^r^^'^'-\ -•«'^«^^^V-- 3. Negative 
 purpose ; ;., with optative. 4. Observe that 
 the following clauses put the statements of 
 the text m the indirect form, fn sucli cases 
 when the subjunctive is changed to the 
 optative, aV IS dropped ; eV«Sa^ becomes eW 
 5- Any one. 6. See Ex. 43, c 7. Note the 
 gender. , 
 
 AV did he deprive them of their ,oires and children • ne 
 
 gere. Translate the first sentence into Latin 4fter ■ Zif 
 qua. wuh per.ec. indicative, or cun, .i^-^,^J:t 
 

 90 BEGIXXER'S GREEK' COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XLV. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anaba»i« I. 4, 13, 14- 
 
 a. irptv with the Infinitive. 1469-71; H. 955. 
 />. Genitive of Material. 1085, 4; H. 729,/. 
 c. Temporal Particles, "Until" and -Before." 
 
 1463-5; H. 920-4. 
 t/. Conditional Relative Sentences : Future, more 
 
 vivid. 1434; H. 916. 
 
 I. When we arrive in Babylon, I will give 
 each man five minae of silver. 2. Awd pay in 
 full till you ^get back to Ionia. 3. I know not 
 whether you will follow me or not. 4. Cyrus 
 promised to give them money before it was 
 clear ^ whether they would go or not. 5 . ^ What 
 reply did the Greeks give to Cyrus ? 6. They 
 said 2 they would go, if he would do what* he 
 promised. 7. What did Menon bid his men 
 do.? 8. He said that they ought to cross the 
 
 EOR ORAL IRAASLATIOA- 
 
 91 
 
 river. 9. -If," said he, -you cross the river 
 before it is evident whether the rest will cross 
 or not, Cyrus will honor you. 10. But you 
 must obey me, Mf you wish to be honored by 
 Cyrus." -^ 
 
 1. Come to Ionia again. 2. See Ex. 32, 
 note 4. 3. IV/iat (not 5 ri) did the Greeks 
 reply i 4. 5 n. 5. Present supposition. 
 
 When ive arrive in Babylou : ubi primum Babylonem 
 
 venerimus. IVketJur you ..U I foil 0,0 mc or not : utrum me 
 
 sequamini necne. ,rplv SfjXov ctvat : priusquam constaret. 
 
 you must obey me: vos oportet mihi parere. Translate 5. 7, 
 
 and 8 into Latm. Recast 5 as in note 3. Ought: oportere 
 
 Greek Warriors prep.\ring for Baitle. 
 
92 BEG/X^VER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XLVI. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis I. 4, 15, 16. 
 
 a. Prohibitions. 1346: H. 866, 2. 
 
 b. Genitive of the Infinitive. 1547^ H- 959- 
 
 c. Genitive with Various Verbs. 1099; H. 738-9. 
 
 d. Object Clauses after Verbs of Striving, etc. 
 
 1372; H. 885. 
 
 I. If you begin the crossing, Cyrus will be 
 grateful to you. 2. And he will repay you, 
 1 because you are more zealous than the others. 
 3. If you vote to cross the river, I also^ shall 
 be grateful to you. 4. ^If the others should 
 vote *in the negative, we should all go back 
 again. 5. But you would seem to Cyrus to be 
 the most faithful. 6. And whatever we wish, 
 we shall receive from him. 7. Let us then 
 cross the river, before the others vote. 8. And 
 when^ Cyrus learns that we have crossed, he 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATIOX 
 
 93 
 
 will be pleased. 9. And I know that he will 
 see to it that we get whatever we wish. 10. ^ If 
 he does not do this, no longer think him Cyrus. 
 
 2. Kai put before 
 Note the change 
 
 I . As being more zealous. 
 the word it emphasizes. 3 
 of form in this conditional sentence. 4. Ex- 
 pressed in the prefix of the verb. 5. eVetSar. 
 6. Future supposition. 
 
 To begin the crosshiE^: initium facere traiciendi. To be 
 grateful: gratiam habere. iJirws h\ Kal {,^6is k^ik liraivia-ert 
 k\io\ n€X^cr€t : verum ut vos etiam me laudetis, mihi curae 
 erit. A'o longer think : nolite iam habere. Translate i. 8, 
 and 10 into Latin. In i " begin " may be future or future 
 perfect. In 8 " learns ": shall have heard. 
 
94 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XLVII. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. 4, 17-19- 
 
 a. w? with Participle. 1574; ^- 97^- 
 
 b. Partitive Genitive. 1085, 7; H. 729, e, 
 
 c. Genitive with words of Fulness and Want. 
 
 1112, 1140; H. 753, t\ 
 
 I. The soldiers of Menon Mndulged high 
 hopes. 2. And 2 of course they wished Cyrus 
 to be successful. 3. Then Cyrus, having sent 
 presents to Menon, crossed the river himself. 
 4. And all the Greeks followed him. 5. The 
 river wet no one of them above the breast.^ 
 6. Never * had the river been passable on foot 
 except then. 7. Now this seemed providen- 
 tial. 8. Clearly the river made way for Cyrus, 
 ^because he was to be king. 9. Why, ^one 
 might ask,' did not Cyrus use boats } 10. Because 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 95 
 
 they had all been burned by Abrokomas. 
 II. Near the Araxes river were villages full 
 of corn and wine. 12. Here they waited three 
 days, s gathering supplies. 
 
 I. Were in great hopes. 2. St;. 3. Plural. 
 4. Use the aorist. 5. As about to he king. 
 
 7. cpwrao). 8. Participle ; 
 
 6. See Ex. 51, d. 
 not the aorist. 
 
 Inditlx^cd high hopes: magnam in spem veniebant. 
 6iTvx6w : felix sum. No one of them : nemo ex iis. cl ^\ 
 t6t€ : praeterquam illo tempore. This seemed pro-oideutial: 
 divinitus accidisse hoc visum est. Translate 4 and 9 into 
 Latin. In 4 observe the different syntax of "him " in Greek 
 and Latin. Near : prope. 
 
 II 
 
 hi 
 
96 
 
 BEGJXNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XLVIII. 
 
 FOR WKITTEX TRANSLATION. 
 Aiia1>aKiH I. 4, 13-19. 
 
 1. 1 During the halt at Thapsakos, Menon 
 persuaded his men to cross the Euphrates 
 river, before it was evident whether ^ the rest 
 of the Greeks would cross or not. He told 
 them '"^that •* if they did so^ they would be 
 honored by Cyrus more than the others, and 
 that Cyrus would employ them, as being most 
 zealous, for garrison duties and captaincies. 
 
 2. Now Cyrus knew how to requite a favor, 
 if any one did, and '^ those who were most faith- 
 ful to him received from him ^whatever they 
 wanted. Accordingly, when he heard ^that 
 Menon's army had crossed, he was pleased, 
 and said ^that he would take care that they 
 also should be pleased. 
 
 i 
 
 EOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 
 
 97 
 
 I. While fhcy icwrc sfayh/jr. 2. T/ic other 
 Greeks. 3. See Ex. 32, note 4. 4. In chang- 
 ing from subjunctive to optative, 16lv becomes 
 ei. 5. This. 6. The {ernes'] being most faith- 
 ful. 7. What kind of a clause is this .? 8. Cf. 
 
 Ex. 39, 9. (). (;f, ^^^,,5 ^ i7r(UV€(T€T€ fl€\rj(T€l. 
 
 Persuaded his men to cross : militibus persuasit ut trans- 
 irent. If they did so : si hoc fecissent. He Jcnew Jww t, 
 requite a favor : gratiam referre sciebat. Halt: maneo 
 Or not: necne. Translate the first sentence of i into 
 Latin. Recast the first clause and remember that dum is 
 followed by the present of a past act 
 
 TreXrao-TT^s. 
 
 1 
 
k 
 
 98 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XLIX. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis I. 5, 1-3- 
 
 a. ov in Apodosis; fi-^ in Protasis. 1383, i ; 
 
 H. 1018-21. 
 If. Present and Past General Suppositions. 1393, 
 
 I, 2; 143^. I. 2; H. 894, 914, ^• 
 c. Pluperfect with Meaning of the Imperfect. 
 1263; H. 849,^. 
 
 I. In this region the ground is ^ covered 
 with wormwood. 2. And all the ground is 
 level like the sea. 3. All the shrubbery and 
 reeds are fragrant.^ 4. Sometimes the soldiers 
 give chase to the wild asses and gazelles. 
 5. Now these asses, ^if one pursues them, run 
 forward and then* stand still.* 6. And ^when 
 the horses draw near, they do the same thing 
 again.* 7. So Hhey cannot be taken ^ unless 
 the horsemen relieve one another. 8. Their 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 99 
 
 flesh is tenderer than venison. 9. ^ Qne could 
 not catch a bustard, unless he started it up 
 suddenly. 10. Ostriches do not fly, but use 
 their wings like sails. 
 
 I. Full of. 2. Neuter plural. 3. Notice the 
 change from the past general supposition of 
 the text to the present. 4. Omit. 5. // is 
 not possible to take them. 6. Cf. 7^5 h\ i^ixiha.^ 
 ov Ti?, K.T.X. and note change of time. 
 
 Covered icith worvnvood : absinthio plenum. Sometimes 
 gavecliase to: nonnumquam consectabantur. Run forward 
 and tJicn stand still : procurrunt et deinde subsistunt. 
 They cannot be taken : nulla est eas capiendi ratio ; or 
 non potest eas capi. Translate i, 6, and 7 into Latin. 
 In 6 "and when": quotienscumque. ir\T|<ridS« : appro- 
 pinquo. 
 
 ' n 
 
 4 
 
I oo BEGINNER'S . GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE L. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anaba»ii!« I. <», 4-6. 
 
 a. Genitive of Price. 1133; H. 746. 
 
 b. Dative of Possession. 11 73: H. 768. 
 
 c. Accusative of Specification. 1058; H. 718. 
 
 d. Participle denoting Manner. 1563, 3; H. 969, ^7. 
 
 I. The Maskas river is a plethrum ^ in width. 
 2. And it encircles a town 2 by the name of 
 Korsote. 3. ^On their march through the 
 desert, they kept the Euphrates on the right. 
 
 4. No one of the soldiers died of starvation. 
 
 5. Because they ^had procured supplies at 
 Korsote. 6. But they could not buy grain 
 except ^at a very high price. 7. A capithe of 
 wheat flour was worth four sigli. 8. And they 
 couW buy a quart of barley meal for fifteen 
 obols. 9' So they ♦^had to get along with* eat- 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 loi 
 
 ing meat. 10. On account of the lack^ of 
 fodder they lost many of the pack-animals. 
 
 I. The genitive or the adjective may be 
 used. 2. Recast the phrase before translating. 
 3. Marching desert stiv^cs, 4. Aorist. 5. Trept 
 TrAetWoi;. 6. Use Yor;. 7. Omit. 8. 
 
 XP^;- 
 
 aTTopia. 
 
 dirwXcTo vciro Xi^ov : fame peribat. kirio-iria-avro : ciba- 
 ria parabant. Eor fi/hcu obols : obolis quindecim. Wo- 
 Syyiov : iumentum. xopros : pabulum. airopLa : penuria. 
 Translate 4 and 10 into Latin. In 4 " of the soldiers " is 
 not to be turned by the genitive. 
 
 <r<f>(v5ovi/}T7is. 
 
102 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LI. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. 5, 7, 8. 
 
 a. Implied ProUsis. 1413; H. 903. 
 
 /;. Antecedent omitted. 1026, 1029; H. 996, 998. 
 
 c. Partitive Genitive with Verb. 1097, i ; H. 736. 
 
 d. Potential Optative and Indicative with av. 
 
 1327 ~8» 1335-6; H. 872, 903. 
 
 1 . 1 Some of these marches were very long. 
 2. 2 Whenever they wished to reach water, they 
 made long marches. 3. 2 Whenever the mud 
 appeared hard to get through, Cyrus halted. 
 4. And once in particular Glus and Pigres 
 were ordered to take a part of the army and 
 help 3 extricate the wagons. 5. Once the army 
 seemed to Cyrus to work slowly. 6. And so 
 he ordered the noblest Persians * in his retinue 
 to help extricate the wagons. 7. nVhenever 
 he ordered these to jump into the mud, ^one 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 103 
 
 might 
 
 see an instance of good discipline. 
 8. One might have supposed ^ they were run- 
 ning for victory. 9. 'When they jumped 
 into the mud, they threw off their cloaks. 
 10. 2 Whenever they jumped into the mud, 
 they threw off their cloaks. 
 
 I. Zi.r]v ov<i. 2. General supposition. 3. Ex- 
 pressed in the prefix of the verb. 4. About 
 him. 5. It was [possible] to see. 6. Accu- 
 sative with infinitive. 7. Particular supposi- 
 tion. 
 
 oiroTc irpos v8wp PovXoiro SiareXeo-ai : quotiens ad aquam 
 iter peragere volebat. oirov ervxev €Ka<rTOs Io-ttikws : quo 
 loco quisque forte stabat. 0dTTOv r^ a>s ns av wcto : cele- 
 rius opinione ; or celerius quam putares. tovs ircpl avirdv : 
 quos secum habebat. o-vvcKpipdJciv rds dfid|as : adiu- 
 yare in plaustris extrahendis. Translate i into Latin, 
 imitating the Greek idiom ; also 6 in two ways, using first 
 impero, then iubeo. 
 
 i 
 
I04 BEGIXXER'S GREEK' COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LIT. 
 
 YOK WRITTEN' TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis I. 5, \.'%. 
 
 1. The army of Cyrus, marching through 
 Arabia, ^ passed over a level plain ^that was 
 full of wild animals of all sorts, which the sol- 
 diers sometimes hunted. ^ Whenever they gave 
 chase to the wild asses, they were obliged^ 
 ^to take position at intervals and relieve one 
 another; for since the asses ran *^ so much 
 faster than the horses, a single" horse soon 
 gave out. 
 
 2. Between^ Korsote and Pylai the whole 
 country was barren, and many of the pack- 
 animals died of starvation. In fact, grain was 
 so scarce^ that a capithe of wheat-flour or 
 barley-meal was worth four sigli. Therefore 
 the soldiers ate meat. The inhabitants of this 
 region bought their food at Babylon. 
 
 FOR IVRITTEX TRAXSLATIOX ,05 
 
 3. Xenophon relates an instance i*^ of dis 
 ciplme which he witnessed. On one occasion 
 Cyrus ordered his noblest attendants to leap 
 into the mud and "help hasten on the wagons 
 and they stripped off their purple tunics^ and 
 m they jumped. 
 
 I. trapip-^o^i. 2. Omit -'that was." 3 Gen- 
 eral supposition. 4. Usexp^. 5.Cf.&„.r^„„ 
 . . . bm6cxo,i€voi. 6. Too-o.Vw. 7. clt. 8. acraiv 
 witli genitive. 9. o-^ino,. .o.^cpo,. ii. Three 
 words expressed by the Greek verb. 
 
 .S.W, AWsor^ ami ryhi: inter Corsoten et Pylas 
 Aa^,lhe ,s u.or,AMr sr,/i : capi.he qua.tuor siglos vale ' 
 8.a&x<i^.v« Tot, Vx.„.s: alii equites alios recemfbus 
 
 r'^u"ve™^- "'^"^'^'^ '"^ '-' '-" — r^f "^ 
 
io6 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION- 
 
 EXERCISE LIII. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis I. 5, 9, 10. 
 
 a. Dative of Degree. 1184; H. 781. 
 
 b. Accusative of Extent. 1062; H. 720. 
 
 c. Genitive with Words of Touching. 1099 ; 
 
 H. 738. 
 
 d. h?i\6^ ci/xt with Participle in Indirect Discourse. 
 
 1589; H. 981. 
 
 I. ^An attentive observer might see that 
 Cyrus was hurrying all the way. 2. ^ It was 
 evident that he did not delay ^ except where he 
 * gathered supplies. 3. ^The^^ quicker he goes 
 the^ more unprepared will he find" the king. 
 4. If he should delay, the king would collect a 
 large army. 5. The greater the number of 
 people the stronger is the king's power. 
 6. While ^ the longer the roads are the weaker 
 is his power. 7. At Charmande they crossed 
 the river on floats to purchase supplies. 8. Now 
 
 i- 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 107 
 
 these floats are made of skins filled with hay. 
 9. The skins were sewed up ^sq that the 
 water did not touch the hay. 10. After cross- 
 ing they got wine and millet. 11. For millet. 
 is very abundant in this country. 
 
 I. To the [onel applying the mind it was 
 [possitde] to see. 2. Use first the personal 
 construction, then the impersonal. 3. IVhere 
 not. 4.. iirtaLTL^OfxaL. 5. ocrwai/, K.r.A. 6. " The 
 
 . . .the" : 0(7(j) . . . TOa-OVTiO. 7. XafJL^dvOi, 
 
 8. Be ; put the usual correlative in the pre- 
 ceding sentence. 9. What particle is more 
 common than w? to express result } 
 
 It was evident that he did not delay : constabat eum non 
 cunctan. So-w . . . too-ovtu, : quanto . . . tanto. irpoo-c- 
 X€iv Tov vovv : animum advertere. dirapoo-Ktvao-Tos : im- 
 paratus. Svva^is : potentia. Translate 3 and 5 into Latin 
 
lo8 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LIV. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Aiiabusi!*, I. 5, tr, 12. 
 
 a. Dative of Time. 1192; H. 782. 
 
 b. Dative of Means. 1181; H. 776. 
 
 c. Genitive with Words of Missin^ij. 1099 ; H. 748. 
 //. Dative with Intransitive Verbs. 1159-60; 
 
 H. 764, 2. 
 
 I. At that place a soldier of Menon's and 
 one of Klearchos's quarreled. 2. Klearchos 
 decided that ^ Menon's man was in the wrong. 
 3. The man told Menon ^that Klearchos ^had 
 beaten him. 4. On the same day Klearchos 
 was riding back from the ford through Menon's 
 army. 5. Here **a man was splitting logs with 
 an axe. 6. And he ^hurled his axe at Klear- 
 chos. 7. And many of the soldiers ^ threw 
 stones at him. 8. Some^ of them missed him, 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 109 
 
 ^to be sure. 9. But ^he narrowly escaped 
 being stoned to death. 10. And all the men 
 raised 10 a loud shout. 11. For they were 
 exceedingly angry with him. 
 
 I. TJic {inmi] of Menon. 2. What con- 
 structions are possible ? See Ex. 65, c. 
 3. Aorist. 4. Tts. 5. Hurkd at Klearchos 
 (genitive) with the axe. 6. Cf. note 5. 7. hioi. 
 8. /x€V; its position.? 9. See Ex. 25, 8. 
 10. Made. 
 
 T]] avT^ Tifi^pa- : eodem die. T/iey tcnve exceedingly angry 
 with him : graviter ei irascebantur. Observe that the con- 
 struction is the same as in Greek. KpCvu : iudico. dSLKco : 
 iniuste ago. irXiryds CfiPdWo) : verbera infligo. Translate 
 2 and 3 into Latin. In 2 is sibi or ei to be used ? 
 
no BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 exp:rcise lv. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis*, I. 5, 13, 14. 
 
 a. Dative of Cause. 1181; H. 776. 
 
 b. tucTTe with Infinitive. 1449-50; H. 953. 
 
 c. Participle with Ti;y;^av(D. 1586; H. 984. 
 
 d. Genitive with Verbs of P'ulness and Want. 
 
 1112 ; H. 743. 
 
 I . Thereupon ^ Klearchos took refuge in ^ 
 his tent. 2. And then he summoned the hop- 
 lites to arms. 3. With these and the horse- 
 men that he had he frightened Menon, and 
 his 2 soldiers too. 4. So that they ^did not 
 know what to do. 5. ^Just at that time Pro- 
 xenos happened to be coming up. 6. And 
 a division of hoplites was following him. 
 7. These soldiers he ordered to halt under 
 arms ^between the two parties. 8. Then, 
 addressing Klearchos as a friend, he said : 
 9. "O Klearchos, ^don't do that." 10. Now 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 III 
 
 Klearchos ^had come near being stoned to 
 death. 11. And he thought that Proxenos 
 9 was making light of his troubles. 12. So 
 he told him to ^^get out of the way. 
 
 I. ivravOa, 2. /n/(?, motion being implied. 
 3. Cf. avToi/ MeVwi/a. 4. Were perplexed at the 
 affair, 5. IvOa. 8tj. 6. The Greek idiom is 
 different. 7. See Ex. 26, d-. 8. Wanted little 
 to be stoned. Cf. also Ex. 25, 8. 9. Spoke tamely 
 (of) his treatment, i o. See note 6. 
 
 KaTa<t>ev7a> : confugio. Ilappctied to he coming up : forte 
 accedebat. dTropoOvrcs tw irpaYfiari : incerti quid age- 
 rent. Trpocos Xc'-yciv to irdOos : leniter de casu loqui. 
 evraCda : deinde. o-kt]vt] : tabernaculum. irapa-yy^XXo) : 
 voco. Translate i, 2, and 3 into Latin. 
 
 % 
 
112 BEG/XA'ER\S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LVI. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. 5, 9-14. 
 
 1 . On the whole, ^ it was evident that Cyrus 
 thought that, ^ if he ^ made a rapid advance, he 
 would take the king "^off his guard. "■ If," said 
 he, " I proceed slowly, a large army will be 
 assembling for the king." 
 
 2. The skins that they used as coverings 
 were filled with hay, and ^the edges brought 
 together and sewed up. With these the sol- 
 diers made floats, ^on which they carried" 
 supplies across the river from the town of 
 Charmande. 
 
 3. When the soldiers had been called to 
 arms, they stood with^ their shields against 
 their knees; while the horsemen, ^who were 
 mostly Thracians, advanced against Menon's 
 army, and frightened them so that they ^^ knew 
 not what to do. 
 
 FOR IVRITVEX TRAASLA //OX 
 
 1^3 
 
 
 I. See Ex. 53, note 2. 2. Cyrus's thought 
 was " If I make ... I shall take." 3. Ad- 
 vanced quick/ v. 4. Unprepared. 5. Omit "the 
 edges." 6. Cf. cVi TO vTwi/. 7. " Carry across," 
 Sta^t/3a^(o. 8. Ha7'ing put. 9. Ofio/iom the 
 most were, 10. See Ex. 55, note 4. 
 
 TO <rvnirav : ad summam. 8td raxcwv : celeriter. W- 
 pav Tov Ei<}>pdTou : ultra Euphratem. With tlwir shields 
 against their knees : scutis ad genua positis. do-iriS : scu- 
 turn. 'y6vv : genu. What to do : quid agerent. Translate 
 3 into Latin. 
 
 Kvrifudes. 
 
 

 114 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LVII. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. 5, 15 — 6, i. 
 
 a. Dative of Respect. 1182; H. 780. 
 
 b. Tenses in Indirect Discourse. 1481-9; H. 
 
 852-6. 
 
 c. Future Perfect as emphatic Future. 1266 ; 
 
 H. 850, a. 
 
 d. Participle denoting Attendant Circumstance. 
 
 i563» 7; H. 969. 
 
 I. These generals did not know what they 
 ^were doing. 2. And Cyrus told them that 
 2 they did not know what they were doing. 
 3. If they ^get to fighting with each other, 
 Cyrus will be instantly slain. 4. "If," said 
 he, " I should be slain, you would be slain not 
 long* after me." 5. Klearchos, thinking that 
 the barbarians whom he saw would be more 
 hostile, came to himself. 6. ^ As they advanced, 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 115 
 
 they saw the trail of about two thousand horses. 
 7. ^Everything useful was burned by them ^as 
 they advanced. 8. Orontas had formerly been 
 at war with Cyrus. 9. But although recon- 
 ciled, he now plotted against him. 10. By 
 birth he was related to the noblest Persians. 
 
 I. Not the imperfect. 2. Observe that this 
 is the indirect form of ovk iVre 5 n Trotetrc. 
 See Ex. 30, ./., and Ex. 39, d. 3. /,;/// batt/e. 
 4. Afiic/i. 5. Not genitive absolute. 6. 1/ 
 there was anything useful it was, etc. 
 
 You knoro not ivJiat you are doiug : nescitis quid agatis. 
 KiX^v <rvvATrT€iv : proelium committere. -ymi irpoo-^Kwv 
 Pa<riX€i : genere regi cognatus. ^v taurco c^c'vcto : ad se 
 rediit. Translate 2 and 3 into Latin. Is "get" a real 
 present ? 
 
ii6 BEGJNNER'S GREEK COMFOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LVIII. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. G, 2-4- 
 
 a. Distinction between outo? and o8e. 1005 ; 
 
 H. 696. 
 
 b. Adverb for Attributive Adjective. 952 ; 
 
 H. 641, a. 
 
 c. Infinitive with tov after Verb of Hindrance. 
 
 1549; H. 963. 
 
 I . "If you would give me one thousand 
 horsemen, I would waylay those barbarians. 
 2. Some^ of them I will kill and some^ I 
 will take alive. 3. And I will prevent them 
 from attacking us.^ 4. And from reporting to 
 the king that^ they have seen your army." 
 5. ^This is what Orontas said to Cyrus. 6. But 
 to the king he wrote a letter saying^ that he 
 was coming to him. 7. "Tell your cavalry," 
 said he, " to receive me as a friend." 8. Now 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 "7 
 
 the man to whom he gave this letter gave it^ 
 to Cyrus. 9. Orontas was immediately arrested. 
 10. And seven of ^Cyrus's staff were sum- 
 moned to his'^ tent. 11. And the Greek hop- 
 lites were ordered to stand under arms around 
 the tent. 
 
 I. See Ex. 5, ^. 2. Dative. 3. on. 4. ravra 
 Brj. 5. Omit. 6. T/ie [me/i] about Cyrus. 
 7.. Not kavTov. 
 
 I will prevent tJicvi from aitackiui^ us : prohibebo ne 
 nos adgrediantur. Wrote a letter saying that he was comi'ig: 
 epistulam scripsit se venturum. 6co-0ai, rd oirXa : armati 
 consistere. IvcSpcvo) : insidior. Some . . . others: alii . . . 
 alii. Translate i and 2 into Latin. In i what would the 
 imperfect subjunctive mean.'' 
 
Ii8 BEGTNXER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LIX. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. 0, 5, 6. 
 
 ^7. Causal Relative. 1461; H. 910. 
 
 b. Infinitive of Purpose. 1532; H. 951. 
 
 c. Trpoq with Genitive, 12 16, i, a -, H. 805, i, a. 
 
 d. Partitive Genitive with Superlative. 1088 ; 
 
 H. 755» ^'• 
 
 I. Klearchos was invited within ^because 
 he was honored most of the Greeks. 2. ^At 
 least it seemed so to Cyrus. 3. How the trial 
 of Orontas was conducted was no secret. 
 4. Cyrus wished to do what was just in the 
 sight of gods and men. 5. And therefore he 
 consulted with his friends. 6. He said that 
 his father had given Orontas to him to be his ^ 
 vassal. 7. But after the king's death,^ Arta- 
 xerxes ordered Orontas to make war on Cyrus. 
 8. At that time he held the citadel in Sardis. 
 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 119 
 
 9. But ^he deemed it best to cease fighting^ 
 against Cyrus. 10. Accordingly they ^ex- 
 changed pledges. 
 
 I. Who. 2. To Cyrus at least {yX) he seemed. 
 3. To h 17)1. 4. Oo.vixro's. 5. It seemed best to hhn. 
 6. The war, 7. The Greek idiom is quite 
 different. 
 
 H010: quo facto, irpos Ocuv : apud deos. vTrifJKOov etvai 
 l|xot : meo sub imperio esse. 7'o cease JJi^/iti/ii;^: desinere 
 pugnare. Kpio-is: iudicium. diroppriTov : arcanum. Trans- 
 late 3 and 7 into Latin. Was conducted : use facio. The 
 mood of the Greek verb is not here a guide for the Latin. 
 
 Kfidvos. 
 
I20 BEGliVNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 m 
 
 EXERCISE LX. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION. 
 Aiiabasiii, I. 5, 15 — 6, 6. 
 
 1. About two thousand of the king's cavalry, 
 as it was conjectured from their tracks, went 
 on before, burning the provender and what- 
 ever ^ else was valuable. 
 
 2. Now Orontas, ^one of the noblest Per- 
 sians in Cyrus's retinue, offered,^ * if Cyrus 
 would give him a thousand horsemen, to cap- 
 ture or kill these horsemen, and prevent them 
 ^from announcing to the king the approach^ 
 of Cyrus's army. 
 
 3. 'And at the same time he sent a letter 
 to the king saying^ ^that he would lead the 
 thousand to him. The messenger took the 
 letter and gave it to Cyrus, who immediately 
 arrested Orontas ^^with the avowed intention 
 of doinsT with ^^ him ^^ whatever should seem to 
 be right. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 
 
 121 
 
 I. If anything. 2. Being among the noblest 
 of the Persians about Cyrus. 3. vma-xveofiaL ; 
 cf. Ex. 37, note 4. 4. See Ex. 32, note 4. 
 5. Cf. Tov Kuiuv. 6. €<f>oSo^. 7. ufxa 8e. 8. Omit. 
 9. Cf. oTt tJ^oi. I o. See Ex. 2, note 5. 11. ircpi, 
 ■ 12. In the direct form 6 tl av Bokyj. 
 
 Whatever else was 7'aliiahle : si quid aliud erat utile, ct 
 avTw SoiTj : si sibi traderet. Translate the first sentence of 
 3 into Latin. 
 
 /cd vSi's. 
 
122 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LXI. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 AnabasiH, I. 6, 7, 8. 
 
 a. Dative with Impersonals. 1161. 
 
 b. Interrogative Particles. 1603; H. 1015. 
 
 c. -n-cpt with Accusative. 1214,3; H. 803, 3. 
 
 d. Participle denoting Concession. 1563, 6 ; 
 
 H. 969, e, 
 
 I. Cyrus asked Orontas Mf there was ^any 
 wrong that he had done him. 2. " Do you not 
 confess," said he, '^^that you have not been 
 wronged by me.?" 3- And Orontas replied 
 that he had not been wronged by Cyrus * at all. 
 4. And that he had injured Cyrus's country 
 ^as much as he could. 5. Then Cyrus said 
 Did you not repent ^of having wronged 
 
 (( 
 
 me.?" 6. "I must^ admit it," said Orontas. 
 7. " Although you admit this, ^is it not evident 
 that you are still unjust to^ me? 8. When 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 123 
 
 you said you were sorry, you seemed so^^ to 
 me. 9. If you were sorry, why did you plot 
 against me the third time?" 10. i^To this 
 Orontas ^^made no reply. 
 
 * 
 
 I. Indirect question. The direct form is in 
 the text. 2. WIiatc7'er he had wronged {2lQ,x\^\) 
 him. 3. What construction follows "confess"? 
 4. "Not at all" : ovUv. 5. Whatever. 6. Use 
 the participle. 7. dmyKTy. 8. Are you not 
 evident being, Qtc. g. irepL 10. Omit. ii.Trpos 
 Tavra. 12. J^t^/ied nothing, 
 
 aSiK4<a Tivd : iniuriam facio alicui. |i€Ta)i€X€iv tivC : 
 aliquem paenitere. Do you not repent of having wronged 
 me ? nonne te paenitet iniuriam mihi fecisse "> Made no 
 reply : nihil respondit. Not . . . at all : nihiL ojioXo-yc'w : 
 confiteor. Translate 2 and 3 into Latin. 
 
124 B£G/XX£I^'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE EXIT. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. O, 9- it. 
 
 a. Genitive of the Part taken hold of. iioo; 
 
 H. 738, ii. 
 
 b. cVt with Dative denoting Purpose. 1210, 2, r; 
 
 H. 799, 2, t\ 
 
 c. l-ri with Accusative denoting Place. 1 2 1 o, 3, a ; 
 
 H. 799, 3, ij. 
 
 I. Klcarchos was the first ^ to declare his 
 opinion. 2. " Put this man out of the way as 
 soon as possible." 3. And all the others 
 agreed to this opinion. 4. After that Cyrus 
 bade them take Orontas by the girdle -in 
 token that he was to die. 5. Then he was led 
 out to execution. 6. Nevertheless*^ all the 
 Persians did him reverence, '^ although he was 
 being led to death. 7. Those to w^hom it was 
 appointed put him out of the way. 8. *'Nor 
 
 FOR ORAL TRAXSLATIOX 
 
 125 
 
 does anybody know^ how he ♦^ was put to death. 
 9. It is said by some that he w^as buried' 
 alive. 10. ^ Some say one thing, others another. 
 II. But no man knoweth of his sepulchre unto^ 
 this day. 
 
 I. KlcarcJws first {?i6]^Q.\:\v^t)dechircd. 2. For 
 death. 3. oii.iii<i. 4. Use the participle. 5. Double 
 the negative, olUv . . . ohhd^, 6. Died. 7. l9a7rTa). 
 8. Others say other \things\ 9. d^. 
 
 Put this tnan out of the uHiy : hunc virum e medio tol- 
 lite. By the girdle : zondi. €iri GavaTa) : ad mortem. Xor 
 does anybody kuo7i.> ho'o he died : nee quisquam quomodo 
 interisset cognovit. Some say one thin^^^ others another: 
 alii alia dicunt. d'iro<i>aivft> : declaro. -yvwuTi : sententia. 
 Turn I into Latin. Observe liiat the Latin idiom is the 
 same as the (ireok. 
 
126 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LXIII. 
 
 POR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 AiiHbasiis, I. 7, 1-3. 
 
 a. Genitive of Cause. 1126; H. 744. 
 
 h. Assimilation and Attraction. 1031 — 8; H. 
 
 994, 995- 
 
 c. Future Participle denoting Intention. 1563,4; 
 
 H. 969, c. 
 
 d. oTTw? with Future Indicative in Commands, 
 
 etc. 1352 -3; H. 886. 
 
 I. The king will come with a large army 
 ^ ready to fight. 2. -Klearchos will lead the 
 right wing of Cyrus's army. 3. While Cyrus 
 will marshal his own men. 4. ^The next 
 morning it was reported by deserters thaf* the 
 king was approaching.^ 5. Thereupon Cyrus 
 •^in person consulted with the Greek generals. 
 6. **You/' said he, "are braver and mightier 
 than many barbarians. 7. And for this reason 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 127 
 
 1 have taken you as allies." 8. Then he con- 
 gratulated them on the freedom which they 
 enjoyed." 9. And said that he would prefer 
 that ^to everything he had. 10. ** See to it," 
 said he, "that you are worthy of this freedom." 
 
 I. About to fight. 2. Use \i.kv in 2 and Ik 
 in 3. 3. At the same time ivith the coming day, 
 4. on. 5. Trp6(T€LfjLL. 6. Himself. 7. Had ac- 
 quired. 8. Instead of all \thi7igs'\ udiich he had, 
 
 TOWS lauTov : suos. a|i.a tij cttiovo-ti T)|X€p9i : prima luce 
 postridie. vjids ev8ai)jLov£l^b> : vos beatos iudico. on Tijv 
 cXcvOcpiav e\oi|iT)v civ dv0* wv \yjA irdvTwv : me libertatem 
 omnibus quae possideo anteferre. oirws ouv eVco-Oc dvSpes 
 d^ioi : quam ob rem date operam ut viri digni sitis. els 
 TT]v €iriov(rav TJp.cpav : in posterum diem. Translate 1 and 
 
 2 into Latin. 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
 128 BEG/iVXEk''S GREEK COMPOSITION' 
 
 KXERCISK LXIV. 
 
 FOR WRITTEX TRANSLATION. 
 
 Anabasis, I. <{, 7 — 7, 3. 
 
 1. Orontas had never been wronged by Cyrus 
 ^at all, but he had revolted to the Mysians, and 
 injured Cyrus ^all he could; but afterwards, 
 when he ^came to know his power, he repented 
 and persuaded Cyrus ^to exchange pledges 
 with him. 
 
 2. All this Orontas confessed, ^and besides, 
 when^ asked if he could now be friendly to 
 Cyrus and hostile to his brother, he said that 
 not even if he should become so,^ should he 
 ever seem so ^ to Cyrus at least. 
 
 3. Upon this Orontas "was delivered over 
 to Artapates, the most faithful of the sceptre- 
 bearers, and no one afterwards ever saw him 
 either alive or dead. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 129 
 
 I. /// ?wtJiing. 2. Wliatcirr lie was able. 
 3. Inceptive aorist. 4. To irjrc p/aigcs to him 
 and receive {thev{\ from him. 5. Trp^? S' Irt. 
 6. Omit. 7. TrapaSiSMfxi. 
 
 To rez'olt: deficere. rots irapovo-i : iis qui aderant. 
 ou8 €l 7cvo£,iT]v, <roi V d(v iroT€ €ti Soeaifii : etiam si sim, 
 tibi quidem numquam posthac videar. Upon tliis : de- 
 mde. Ami no one: nee quisquam. E7'cr: umquam. 
 Iranslate 3 into Latin putting "servants" for "sceptre- 
 bearers." Turn eit/ur . . . or by nee . . . nee. Here the 
 Greek and the Latin agree. 
 
 dapeiKds. 
 
I30 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LXV. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. t, 4-6. 
 
 a. Participle as Noun. 1560; H. 966. 
 
 b. Future Conditions, less vivid. 1408; H. 900. 
 
 c. Construction after </>t//ai', Cotov, Acyw. 1523 ; 
 
 H. 946, b. 
 
 d. Dative of Agent with Verbals in -t€os. 1188; 
 
 H. 769, b, 
 
 I. Cyrus knew into what sort of a contest 
 they were going. 2. He told the Greeks that the 
 barbarians advanced with a loud ^ shout. 3. " ^ It 
 seems to me," said he, "that you are coura- 
 geous men. 4. I, ^for my part, am ashamed 
 of the men* ^in my father's realm. 5. For 
 you will find these men to be very cowardly.^ 
 6. I promise to make you objects of envy to 
 7 your friends at home. 7. If you should wish 
 to go home, you would be envied. 8. Many 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 131 
 
 of you, as I think, will prefer life^ with me 
 to that 8 at home." 9. Now Cyrus ^ made 
 many promises ^^ because he was in danger. 
 10. ^^ Whoever of them wished went home. 
 
 I. Much. 2. Use the personal construc- 
 tion. 3. y-k, 4. Causal dative. 
 
 bein 
 
 rr • 
 
 to* 
 
 5. Supply 
 6. SciAo?. 7. The [ones]. 8. T/ie 
 [/hwo^s], 9. Proniiscd ma?iy \thhigs\ 10. On 
 account of the beins. 1 1 . The \pnes\ wishing. 
 
 With a lotui shout: magno cum clamore. lam ashamed 
 of the men : hominum me pudet. tois oI'koi : iis qui domi 
 sunt. 5m t6 dvai : quod erat. Whoever of them wished: 
 quicumque voluerunt. ol'KaSc dm^vai : domum abire. 
 oios : quahs. dycuv ; certamen. Translate i and 2 into 
 Latui. iJe careful about the mood of " were going." 
 
s^ssmmBmam 
 
 132 BEGINXEK'S GREEK COMPOS/ T/OX 
 
 KXI'LRCISE LXVI. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRAXSLATIOX. 
 Anabasis, I. 7, 7-10, 
 
 a. Indirect Questions. 1479; ^- 930- 
 
 /'. Indirect Reriexives. 987; H, 683, a, 6S5. 
 
 i. Questions of Appeal (Deliberative). 135S; 
 
 H. 866, 3. 
 tL Object Clauses with Verbs of Fear. 1378, 
 
 1364; H. 887. 
 
 I. Wc must^ conquer -in order to make our 
 friends masters of the country. 2. What shall 
 I irive to the Greeks, '"* if we are successful } 
 3. Cyrus did not fear that he should not have 
 ■* enouirh to irive to his friends. 4. To each of 
 the soldiers he said he would give a golden 
 crown. 5. "And what shall we have," said 
 the generals, "if we are victorious.'" 6. They 
 demanded to know what they should have. 
 7. Thev feared that he would not satisfy their 
 
 EOR ORAL TRAXSLATIOiV 133 
 
 expectations. 8. O Cyrus, ^do not fight ^in 
 person, but take post in the rear of the line ' 
 9- Do you think, O Cyrus, that you will get'« 
 this without fighting.? 10. "XV by Zeus" 
 said Cyrus. ' 
 
 I. ^". 2. A purpose clause with ^o-k<^^ 
 3. If it turns out wc//. 4. muitez'cr Ac 7nhr,,t 
 give 5. See Ex. 26, ... 6. u^ro,. 7. <^c{AaW. 
 8. lake. 9. See Ex. 42, 4. 
 
 ^.> that he sI>ouU not Jun-e cnou^.j, ,, ,,,,,, ^- 
 metuit ut (ne non) quod daret haberet. dHav.( sine 
 
 fnTl'V " "V^°"^^' ' = ^" Procinctu. TransMafe 4 and 8 
 into Lauii. '• 1 o take post "; cqpsisto. 
 
mmm 
 
 134 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LXVII. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 AniiI>ai«iH, I. 7, 11-14- 
 
 11. Dative of Time. 1192; H. 782. 
 
 b. Accusative of Extent. 1062; H. 720. 
 
 c. Genitive of Comparison. 1120; H. 749. 
 
 d. vTTo with Genitive of Agent. 1219,/^; H. 808, i , /;. 
 
 I . Artagerses commanded six thousand horse- 
 men. 2. These he marshalled before the king 
 himself. 3. But Uhose who marched from Phoi- 
 nikia came too late for the battle. 4. Many 
 deserted from the great king to Cyrus before 
 the battle. 5. By these deserters the number 
 of the enemy was reported to Cyrus. 6. And 
 there were said to be also two hundred scythe- 
 bearing chariots in the great king's army. 
 7. And after the battle ^the same story was 
 told. S. The whole army of Cyrus was drawn 
 
 EOR ORAL TRAArSLATION 
 
 135 
 
 up m line. 9. 3 it ^as said tha^ there were 
 eight hundred thousand men. 10. And thus 
 they marched three parasangs. 1 1 . For Cyrus 
 thought that 4 the battle ^vould take place on 
 that day. 12. But neither on that day nor on 
 the next ^ did the battle take place. 
 
 I. The [ones] /lac'ing marc/ied. 2. The same 
 [t/ungs] were reported. 3. Use the personal 
 construction. 4. Not or.. 5. Would be. 6. Wc- 
 
 ^po TTjs |iaxT,s : ante proelium. iraptvcvovTo iv tti udv«. 
 proeho interfuerunt. 7V^e sa.u- story was fold: eadem 
 nuntiabantur. Marshal: instruo. Translate 2, 9, and i r 
 into Latin Be careful about the position of enim, and about 
 the thai-clause. 
 
1^,6 />'/:g/a'A7':a'\s greek compositiox 
 
 EXERCISE LXVIII. 
 
 FOR WRITTKX TRANSLATION. 
 
 Anabasis, I. 7, 4-'4- 
 
 1. Gaulitcs, who ^happened to be present, 
 said that Cyrus made many promises ^ which 
 he would not be able to fulfil, even if he remem- 
 bered them.'*^ 
 
 2. But Cyrus declared* that he desired to 
 fulfil '^all his promises, and would be able ^to 
 do so, -if he conquered his brother. ''For 
 then," said he, "all my father's realm will be 
 mine,^ and I shall have ' enough to give to my 
 
 friends." 
 
 3. "And if the Greeks demand to know 
 what they shall have, in case of success, tell 
 them that I will give to each of the soldiers a 
 golden crown, and to each of the generals and 
 captains a province ^to rule over." 
 
 '"'''sWngfofl, 0. c. 
 
 FOR WK/TTEAr TKANSI.ATIOX 137 
 
 I. See Ex. 1, .. ,. See Ex. 39, .1. 3. Omit. 
 4. .W/,/. 5. As many [Mngs] as he fromisc.L 
 ^- T„,„c. 7. Cf.Ex.66,3. 8. See Ex. 19,,,. 
 
 Cyrus ,„„.,c ,,,.„,y f.r„„,i„, : ^ pollicitus est 
 
 ad;';at. f.ZT'^^r- r"''T-'-''' "'"-"""^ '-" 
 
 =^ 
 
 ddpara. 
 
 i 
 
138 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LXIX. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. 7» 15-20. 
 
 a. Attributive Participle. 1559; H. 965. 
 
 b. Genitive with Adverbs. 1200, 1220; H. 756-8. 
 
 c. Future Indicative in Protasis. 1405; H. 899. 
 
 d. Genitive of Measure. 1093, 1094,5; H. 728, 
 
 729, d. 
 
 I. The Median Wall extends as far as the 
 ditch. 2. Between the wall and the canal Hhat 
 flows from the Tigris river is a narrow way. 
 
 3. This pass is about twenty-three feet wide. 
 
 4. Here Cyrus gave the Ambrakiot soothsayer 
 ten talents. 5. " If," said the soothsayer, ''the 
 king does not retreat within five days, he will 
 not retreat at all." 6. Now they had not seen 
 the king when the five days had passed. 
 7. But 2 it became evident that the king was 
 retreating. 8. For there were many tracks of 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 139 
 
 men and horses. 9. So that 2 it was said that 
 he had given up the idea of fighting. 10. If 
 the kmg has given up the idea of fi^htino- 
 there is no need ^ of keeping the men in line" 
 
 I. Use participle, 
 struction is better. 3. 
 
 ^ei. 
 
 The personal con- 
 
 vHfi^ TTis Td4>pov : usque ad fossam. ^rt^^ tov trora- 
 Hov Kal r,s Td^pov : inter fluvium et fossam dvr* Wa- 
 res : pro munitione. Not ...at all: omnino non. L- 
 YvcaKcvat tov ^dx6or0at : consilium pugnandi abiecis^e 
 SootHsayer: haruspex. Relreat: recedo. ^ /W praetereo 
 Translate 5 and 6 into Latin. Do not turn "does retreat" 
 by the present indicative. 
 
 : I 
 
I40 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LXX. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Aiiaba^iA, I. 8, 1-5. 
 
 a. Dative of Approach. 1175; H. 772. 
 
 b. Article for Possessiv^e. 949; H. 658. 
 
 c. fXiXXii) with Infinitive. 1254; H. 846. 
 
 //. Dative of Accompaniment. 1189; H. 774. 
 
 I. It was about full-market time when the 
 army halted. 2. Cyrus had intended to halt at 
 the station, which was near. 3. There Pategyas 
 ^rode up at full speed with his horse in a 
 sweat to report to Cyrus. 4. And cries out : 
 *' The king has prepared himself for battle. 
 
 5. And is advancing with a large force." 
 
 6. The soldiers heard him shouting this^ in 
 Persian and in Greek. 7. '^Then it was that 
 Cyrus jumped down from his chariot and 
 mounted^ his horse. 8. And all took their 
 
 EOR ORAL TRANSLATION 141 
 
 places in line in great haste. 9. For they 
 feared o that the king would fall upon then, 
 whiles m disorder. 10. Proxenos ^ was next to 
 Klearchos.« n. Near the river Klearchos fell 
 m with some ^ Paphlagonian horsemen. 
 
 i^. v,reAawo>. 2. Put first in the sentence. 
 
 3. c.^a 8r;. 4. /F,;// ;// upon. 5. <^o;geVa^. 
 
 oee Ex. 30, c 6 Omif *, r-f , / 
 
 8. Genitive. '' ^'^ '^"'^""''• 
 
 JSpovvTt T.J IW„^ : equo sudante. dvagaWv M riv 
 
 alicui. ■Tp»«pxo^ai : advenio. 4m,rtxT<, : adorior ara 
 
 KTos : .nordmatus. Translate 4, 5, and 9 into Latin. "Them" 
 
 = themselves. 
 
 ii 
 
142 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LXXI. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. 8, 6 - lo. 
 
 a. Dative of Degree. 1184; H. 781. 
 
 b. ok with Participle. 1574; H. 978. 
 
 c. KaTo. with Distributive force. 12 11, 2, c; 
 
 H. 800, 2, </. 
 
 I. Cyrus had about six hundred horsemen 
 fully ^ armed. 2. All had breastplates, greaves, 
 and helmets. 3. But Cyrus is said ^to have 
 had on his head a tiara ^ * instead of a helmet. 
 4. So that his head was unprotected when he 
 took his position for the battle. 5. In the 
 afternoon the enemy appeared. 6. First a 
 mass of dust, and sometime later a kind of 
 blackness. 7. After this ^ there was a glimmer 
 of bronze. 8. And then the whole army ^came 
 into full view. 9. All the barbarians were 
 arranged nation by nation in solid ^ squares. 
 
 EOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 143 
 
 10. They had a great many scythe-armed chari- 
 iots, as I have said before. 1 1 . The design of 
 the scythe-armed chariots was ^ to cut through 
 the ranks of the Greeks. 
 
 I. Express by a prefix. 2. Aorist infinitive. 
 3. Tidpa. 4. dvTi. 5. Some bronze glimmered. 
 6. Was in sight. 7. Full of men. %. As about 
 to cut throughi 
 
 ^iXtjv Ix«v itjv Kc<t»aX^v: capite nudo. KaTa<|)aWis : 
 in conspectu. Kard t^vr^ : per gentes. Iv irXawrfw • ag- 
 mine quadrate. S<rov : circiter. 4|oirXCtonai : me'armo. 
 KaeCo-TTiiii : consisto. Translate i and 4 into Latin. 
 
 t6^v. 
 
144 B£G/XA'EJ^'S GREEK COMrOHITJON 
 
 EXERCISE LXXII. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. 7, 15 — 8, lo. 
 
 1. ^Ten days before, Silanos told Cyrus that 
 the king ^ would not fight within ten days ; and 
 accordingly Cyrus promised to give him three 
 thousand darics, ^if he should prove to have 
 spoken the truth. Now Silanos was a sooth- 
 sayer, and of course he told the truth. 
 
 2. So Cyrus thought that the king had given 
 up the idea of fighting, and many of the soldiers 
 put their arms on wagons or pack-animals, and 
 all were marching rather carelessly, when sud- 
 denly^ it was announced by Pategyas that the 
 king was approaching * in battle array. 
 
 3. Then there was great confusion. The 
 generals and soldiers armed themselves in all ^ 
 haste and took their positions, each in^ his 
 appointed ^ place. The Greeks were stationed 
 
 FOR WRITIEN TRAXSLA7WN 145 
 
 Ter ht ?"' ^^- --t to them, and 
 atter hmi Cyrus with his Persians. 
 
 I. On the elamth day from that day. ^ In 
 what two ways may this be rendered.? 
 3. ^^at^vrf,. 4. Not to be translated literally 
 5. Much. 6. Into. 7. Omit. 
 
 gent us. JIuy took then- positions each tn Jus appontted 
 
 note on Ex. 69. It was announced " ; use renuntio. " In 
 battle array : prepared for battle. 
 
 Ofikire^KT-f^'i. 
 
146 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LXXIII. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. 8, 11 -15. 
 
 a. Dative of Agent. 1186; H. 769. 
 
 b. Dative of Respect. 1182; H. 780. 
 
 c. CO? with Infinitive. 1456; H. 1054,/. 
 
 d. Perfect as vivid Future. 1264; H. 848. 
 
 I. The Greeks did not ^have to endure the 
 shouting of the barbarians. 2. For they did 
 not shout 2 3 at all, but advanced in silence. 
 
 3. If Klearchos leads his force against the 
 centre of the enemy, * our whole work is done. 
 
 4. But certainly^ he will remain near the river. 
 
 5. For he does not wish to be surrounded by 
 the enemy. 6. And he is afraid that the 
 enemy ^will surround him, if he draws off the 
 right wing from the river. 7. "I will take 
 care," said he, ''that it 'shall be all right." 
 8. The barbarians are far^ superior in num- 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 147 
 
 
 bers9 to the Greeks.i^ 9. At this juncture 
 Cyrus rode along so as to take a survey of 
 both armies. 10. There Xenophon met him, 
 and asked him " if the omens were favorable. ' 
 
 I. UseamyKTy. 2. <^%yo/Aat. i. In. ^. All 
 has been dofie by 11s. 5. y^t^Wot. 6. Not the 
 future. 7. Subjunctive. 8. iroXv. 9. Singu- 
 lar. 10. Genitive. n. Cf. ^r n irapayyc'AAoi. 
 
 ^-Hi : cum silentio. udve* tJ^iiv ircirotriTai : omnia a 
 nobis perfecta erunt. dircKptvaro on aixiJ ,it«'Xoi 8ir«s 
 KoXws €xoi ^ respondit curae sibi futurum ut res bene se 
 haberet. ^jp^To et ti irapaYYAXoi: quaerebat num quid 
 imperaret. diro<nrd« : abstraho. kvkX6« : circumeo 
 Translate 6 into Latin. Draws off: not present indicative. 
 
14S BEC/XXEK'S GREEK COMPOSITIOiV 
 
 EXERCISE LXXIV. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis I. 8, 16-20. 
 
 a. TrptV with Infinitive. 1470 -i; H. 955. 
 /'. Partitive Apposition. 914; H. 624, d. 
 c. Mood and Tense in Indirect Questions. 1481 ; 
 
 H. 932. 
 //. Conditional Relative: General Supposition, 
 
 Past Time. 1431^ 2; H. 914, ^ (2). 
 
 I. Cyrus heard the watchword passing along. 
 2. "Who £:ave out the watchword.^" asked he, 
 "and what is it .^ " 3. After Klearchos told 
 him what the watchword was, he said that he 
 accepted it. 4. Before the Greeks moved for- 
 ward ^to meet the foe, they sang the paean. 
 5. The two lines were now three or four 
 stades apart.'- 6. The Greeks did not advance 
 silently, but shouted. 7. And whenever the 
 chariots rushed through the lines, the men 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATIOX 
 
 149 
 
 opened ranks. 8. Some of the men opened 
 ranks, and some were frightened ^out of their 
 wits. 9. -^But not a single one even of these 
 suffered any harm at all. 10. Except that a 
 certain one on the left was shot with an arrow. 
 
 I. To go against i^^]:). 2. From each other. 
 3. Expressed in the prefix of the verb. 4. Use 
 negatives freely. 
 
 Xot a single one e7'en of these suffered anv harm at all: 
 nemo unus etiam ex his quidquam omnino passus est. 
 fiejore the Greeks nio7'ed for^oard : priusquam Graeci pro- 
 cederent. o-vv0Tj|ia : tessera. Translate 3 into Latin. 
 
150 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LXXV. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis, I. 8, 21-25. 
 
 a. CIS denoting Purpose. 1207, d \ H. 796, c. 
 
 b. avTos as a Reflexive Pronoun. ^92 ; H. 684, a. 
 
 c. avTos as an Intensive Pronoun. 989; H. 680. 
 
 d. Infinitive depending on a Preposition. 1546; 
 
 H. 958- 
 
 I. Cyrus was glad ^when the Greeks de- 
 feated 2 the force that v^ras opposite them. 
 2. At that time ^his attendants saluted him 
 as king. 3. But not even then* did he pursue 
 the enemy. 4. ^ Because ^ he was watching to 
 see what the king would do. 5. Now the bar- 
 barian commanders think they are in the safest 
 position in the centre of 'their own force. 
 6. And also, if they ^ issue any order, the army 
 hears it in half the time. 7. If their force is 
 on both sides of them, they are safe. 8. If 
 
 FOR ORAL TRAASLATION 
 
 151 
 
 their force should be on both sides of them, 
 they would be safe. 9. But Cyrus was afraid 
 that the king would get in his rear. 10. For 
 he had wheeled as if for the purpose of encir- 
 cling him. II. He slew Artagerses, the com- 
 mander of the six thousand, with his own hand. 
 12. The six hundred having started in pursuit, 
 only his table companions were left about him. 
 
 I. The Greeks having defeated. 2. The 
 [/oree] opposite them. 3. The [me/i] about him. 
 4. Thus. 5. Use participle. 6. "He was 
 watching to see " : express by one word. 
 7. Themselves. 8. Order anything. 
 
 ov8* ws : ne sic quidem. {To see\ what the king would 
 do: quid rex facturus esset. 4v der<(>aX€<rTdTa. : in tutis- 
 simo. Ti(i(<r€i XP<iv« : tempore dimidio breviore. Safe: 
 tutus. On both sides : ab utraque parte. Translate 5 and 
 8 into Latin. Now : autem. In 8 do not use the imperfect 
 subjunctive. 
 
152 BEG/NiVER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LXXVI. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis I. 8, 11-25. 
 
 1. When Cyrus said that the barbarians 
 advanced with a loud shout, he was deceived. 
 For Mt was the Greeks who shouted when 
 they went into the battle, while the barbarians, 
 in this battle ^at least, came forward as silently 
 as they could. 
 
 2. The Greeks always sing a paean ^ before 
 * raising the war-cry, and then, shouting eAcAcv 
 to Enyalios, they charge the enemy. Some- 
 times also they beat their spears against their 
 shields ^to frighten the horses. 
 
 3. Now the barbarians, seeing the Greeks 
 approaching, and hearing their shouts, were 
 friirhtcned out of their wits, and turned and 
 fled 3 before a weapon was thrown. Then the 
 Greeks pursued them with all their might. 
 
 FOR WRITTEX TRAXSLATIOX 
 
 153 
 
 I. Express the emphasis by the position of 
 the emphatic word : also add h). 2. yk. 3. Cf. 
 itpiv To'^ev/xa e^iKmo-^ai. 4. (lAaAa^w. 5. Use 
 the participle that denotes purpose. 
 
 r.nf ''?''?' T"'^'-''/'''^^''' ^"^"tomaxime silentio pote- 
 rant. To fnghten the horses: ut terrorem equis incute- 
 
 i^\ '"'^'"^ "^'"'""'^ ^°*^^ ^'^rWyyx^. Shouts: clamor 
 Weapon : t^Xnr^, 7h ro:o : conicio. '' Seeing '': ,./,.,.X 
 sa7a. Translate the first sentence of 3 into La'tin. 
 
 Xt7"<*»'. 
 
154 BEGJAWER'S GREEK' COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LXXVII. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabasis I. 8, 26 — 9, 4- 
 
 n. Infinitive with Adjectives. 1526; H. 952. 
 
 /'. Accusative of Specification. 1058; H. 718. 
 
 c. Participle in Indirect Discourse. 1494; H. 982. 
 
 d. Infinitive in Indirect Discourse. 1 495 ; H. 946. 
 
 I. Discerning the crowd about the king, 
 Cyrus could 1 not restrain himself. 2. But 
 rushed upon him, and struck him in the breast. 
 3. Ktesias, the surgeon, dressed the king's 
 wound. 4. And he can tell how many of the 
 king's attendants were slain. 5. Eight of the 
 noblest of 2 Cyrus's suite, while fighting ^in 
 his defence, were slain. 6. Artapates, when 
 he saw that Cyrus was dead, drew his sword 
 and killed himself. 7.- Those who were Mnti- 
 mately acquainted with Cyrus say that he was 
 worthy to rule. 8. And that even in his boy- 
 
 FOR ORAL TRAXSLATION 155 
 
 hood he was best of all in everything 9 At 
 the court of the king he neither saw nor heard 
 anything base. 10. Some are honored by the 
 kmg, and some are dishonored. 
 
 I. Z>/V/. 2. The {vie,i\ about Cyrus. 3. Use 
 VTrep. 4. Cf. eV Tret'/oa yeveaOai. 
 
 ^ Cou/^/ not restrain himself: se non continuit. 67r<i«rot 
 r«v a^4,l pacr^Xca : quot ex iis qui circa regem erant. 
 ^ttciSt ircuTcuKora tlSc Kvpov : postquam Cyrum cecidisse 
 vidit. 6T1 irais «v : cum puer adhuc esset. cttiAos • den- 
 sum agmen. Attendanls : comites. Translate r and 4 into 
 l^atin. In i begin the sentence with "Cyrus." In x be 
 careful about the mood of the dependent sentence 
 
156 
 
 BEGIXXER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LXXVIII. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anabatiis, I. 9, 5-12. 
 
 a. Genitive with Adjectives. 1139-42; H. 753. 
 /;. General Suppositions. 1393, i, 2; H. 894, i, 2. 
 
 c, liri with Genitive denoting Time. 
 H. 799, I, c. 
 
 1 2 10, I, b \ 
 
 I . Cyrus ^ had the reputation of being very 
 well trained in archery. 2. Ag:iinst wild animals 
 he was venturesome. 3. Once a bear rushed 
 upon him and dragged him off his horse. 
 4. But he grappled with the bear and slew 
 it. 5. And he still has the scars *^of the 
 wounds he then received. 6. Cyrus deemed it 
 of the utmost importance to obey his elders. 
 7. 3 If he made any promise to any one, he 
 never * proved false. 8. ^ If he makes a promise 
 to any one, he never proves false. 9. ^ If he 
 once became friendly to any one, he never 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 157 
 
 abandoned him. 10. Consequently many of 
 the men of our time entrusted their property 
 and even their persons to him. 11. The 
 Milesians preferred ^ Tissaphernes to Cyrus. 
 
 I. Seemed to he. 2. Of what [things'] he 
 then suffered. 3. Past general supposition. 
 4. Which negative .? 5. Present general sup- 
 position. 6. Cf. Y.vpov . . . di/rl TiacTa4>epvov<s. 
 
 irpos Td Br]pia <|)iXoKiv8uv6TaTos : contra feras ad peri- 
 cula subeunda promptissimus. irepl vkiUrrov iroicwreat : 
 plurimi facere. €i: tui {>Tr6<rxoiT6 ti : si cui aliquid polli- 
 cebatur. Kvpov ttXovTO dvrl Ti<r<ra4>6pvous : Cyrum Tis- 
 sapherni praetulerunt. tA ^v €ira0€v, <5v : volnera acce- 
 pit, quorum. ^rcvSofiai : fidem fallo. Translate 7 into 
 Latin. 
 
158 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LXXIX. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Anaba.si!4 I. 9, 13-20. 
 
 a. Adjective as Noun. 932; H. 621. 
 /;. Participle denoting Condition. 1563, 5 ; 
 H. 969, d. 
 
 c. Neuter Adjective as Cognate Accusative. 
 
 1054; H. 716. 
 
 d. Indicative for Optative in General Supposi- 
 
 tions. 1395, 1432; H. 894, c. 
 
 I. One would say that under ^ the govern- 
 ment of Cyrus the good were ^in a high state 
 of prosperity. 2. ^One might go in safety 
 wherever he pleased, -"^if he did no wrong. 
 3. But ^bad men were often seen deprived of 
 feet, hands, or eyes. 4. The brave in war were 
 preeminently honored by Cyrus. 5. Whenever 
 he saw any one brave in war, he honored him. 
 6. Therefore it was possible to see a great 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 159 
 
 number s of men willing to incur danger for 
 Cyrus. 7. 6 It was not on account of their 
 monthly pay that generals and captains served 
 him. 8. But because they found it to be more 
 profitable not ' to demand pay. 9. If any one 
 proved to be a skilful steward, he never went « 
 unrewarded. 10. Cyrus never envied » any one 
 whom he saw getting gain openly. 
 
 I. ///. 2. Most prosperous. 3. Express in 
 two ways. 4. The bad. 5. Abundance. 6. Ex- 
 press the emphasis by the position of the 
 phrase. 7. What negative goes with the infi- 
 nitive.? 8. Was. 9. Whomever. 
 
 One would say: dicas. ^7^x0 7rop€V€<r0ai : licebat iter 
 facere. iroSdiv o-Ttpofic'vous : pedibus privates, to Kara 
 ftfiva Kc'pSos : menstruum stipendium. €ts {as rei^ayds) 81- 
 Kaioo-vvTiv : quod attinet ad iustitiam. ohttc <|)aiv€<reai . . . 
 d^ovv : ut videretur aequum iudicare. Prosperous : h^^,. 
 tus. Translate i and 3 into Latin. 
 
i6o BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LXXX. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION. 
 Analmrtirt I. 8, 26 — 9, 20. 
 
 1 . Ut is agreed by all ^ who were intimately 
 acquainted with Cyrus that he was the most 
 worthy to rule of all the Persians since Cyrus 
 the elder. For he was wise and modest, and 
 he had learned "^ in his youth that a ruler must 
 know* also how to obey.^ 
 
 2. When he became satrap of Lydia and 
 Phrygia, he soon showed himself to be faithful 
 to all ^who served him well. Consequently 
 many preferred him to Tissaphernes, with 
 whom he was at war. 
 
 3. But if any persons" wronged him in any 
 way, he made it of great importance to punish 
 these ^with the utmost severity, for he fre- 
 quently deprived them of their feet, hands or 
 eyes, and sometimes put them to death. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 161 
 
 I. Use the personal construction, recasting 
 the sentence. 2. See Ex. 77, note 4. 3. W 
 sttll a boy. 4. o?8a. 5. Be ruled. 6. Use 
 
 participle. 7. Omit. 8. Most imsparhi^lv of 
 all. ^ ""-^ -^ 
 
 KaXcos ua0apx«v : Cyro recte parere ; or Cyri dicto rect^ 
 audientes esse. d4>a8.VTaTa xdvT«v „^ea. . seve- 
 nssime animadvertere [in eosj. Translate the first sen- 
 tence of 2 into Latin. 
 
 inrodi^fxaTa. 
 
i62 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LXXXI. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Auabasii) I. 9, 21-28. 
 
 a. Infinitive with the Article as Subject. 1542; 
 
 ^- 959- 
 
 b. Genitive with Verbs signifying to Taste, etc. 
 
 1102; H. 742. 
 
 c. Infinitive with the Article as Dative of Respect. 
 
 1547; H. 959. 
 
 I. Cyrus Uised to distribute gifts to his 
 friends, whenever 2 he saw that they needed ^ 
 them. 2. About personal adornments, he said 
 that he could not use* all that were sent to 
 him. 3. But he did wish to see his friends 
 well dressed. 4. It is not at all surprising 
 5 that he thought friends well dressed were the 
 best ornament for him. 5. And his^^surpass- 
 ing others in the desire to oblige is 'particu- 
 larly admirable. 6. Whenever he sent wine to 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 163 
 
 his friends, he ^ requested them to drink it with 
 those whom they loved best. 7. Whenever he 
 was pleased with his wine, he wished his friends 
 to have a taste of it. 8. And he did not even 
 wish horses to go hungry. 9. For he often 
 sent around fodder for them, when he was able 
 to provide it. 10. Certainly no one was loved 
 by more persons ^ than Cyrus was.^ 
 
 2. ore. 
 
 I. What tense expresses this idea.? 
 3. Use participle. 4. xpao/xat. 5. The think- 
 ^//^-,etc. 6.77/.'. 7. Cf.^5AAo.dyacrr<£. 8. Cf. 
 deirai aou. 9. Omit. 
 
 rh ircputvai t«Sv 4>£X«v : quod superabat amicos. dva- 
 <rTa : admiranda. //. mjucsted thev, : eos rogabat. tovtLv 
 Y^vo-ao-eai : haec gustare. airis <i»aa,v J.to 8aa-0ai : ami- 
 
 ^avv ,rr] : ubicunque pabulum admodum rarum erat. 
 Certatnly: profecto. Translate i and 10 into Latin 
 
i64 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LXXXII. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 AnabasiA I. 9, 20 — 10, 4- 
 
 a. Genitive with Verbs of Obtaining, etc. 1099; 
 
 H. 739- 
 /;. Infinitive with av for Optative with 5.v. 1494; 
 
 H. 964, a. 
 
 c. Participle denoting Attendant Circumstance. 
 
 1563. 7^ H. 969. 
 
 d. Infinitive as Object (not in Indirect Discourse). 
 
 1519; H. 948. 
 
 I. Orontas is said to have tried to desert 
 from Cyrus to the king. 2. But no one else,i 
 either 2 Greek or 2 barbarian, ever^ deserted him. 
 3. For these all thought that they would be 
 honored more by Cyrus than by the king. 
 4 "If we are brave," said they, "we shall 
 obtain fitting honor." 5- - If we shoukPprove 
 ourselves brave, we should obtam honor. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 165 
 
 6. Ariaios did not particularly love Cyrus, and 
 ^the following is a proof of it. ;. When 
 Cyrus fell, Ariaios fled with his whole army 
 8. While 6 all his faithful friends died fighting 
 over "his dead body. 9. Then the king ordered 
 Cyrus's head and right hand to be cut off. 
 10. And after that he marched to Cyrus's 
 camp and plundered it. 
 
 I. Other. 
 
 2. oure . . . ovTf.. 3. ttotc. 4. Be- 
 comc. 5. TovTo or roSe ? 6. hL 7. Him having 
 fallen. 
 
 T€K(iT]piov TovTov Kttl ToSc : cuius Fci hoc quoquc argu- 
 mentum est. Wtp Kvpov : pro Cyro. diroTe'iivo) : abs- 
 cido. dirijei and dirfj\0€ : transfugiebat. Kal ovtos 8^ • 
 atque hie profecto. Translate 3 and 9 into Latin. That 
 they zvoiild be honored ; use fore ut, etc. 
 
l66 B£G/AA£A'^S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LXXXIII. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Aim1m!*lH 1. lO, 5-10. 
 
 a. Alternative Questions. 1606; H. 1017. 
 /;. Genitive Absolute. 1152, 1568; H. 970. 
 c. Interrogative Subjunctive represented by Opta- 
 tive. 1490^ H- 93-' 2 (2). 
 
 I. The Greeks, having defeated the force ^ 
 opposite them, '-started in pursuit. 2. But 
 Klearchos deliberated ^ as to whether he should 
 pursue the enemy or go back to the camp. 
 3, ''■* Shall I pursue or go back.?" 4- The 
 king also deliberated ^as to whether he should 
 ^face about or move forward. 5. For many of 
 his men had deserted to the Greeks in the battle. 
 6. ^As Tissaphernes was advancing along the 
 river, the Greeks shot at his men. 7. Here 
 he 'got the worst of it, ^and did not kill any 
 Greek at all. 8. But, having met the king at 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 167 
 
 the Greek camp, he marched along with him 
 9. Now the Greeks feared that they might be 
 cut off on both sides. 10. So they ^ wheeled 
 round and put the river in their rear. 
 
 to, 
 
 I. Omit. 2. WaitpursHing. 3. Omit- as 
 4. Interrogative (deliberative) subjunc- 
 tive. 5. (rTp{(f>u). 6. Genitive absolute. 7. Cf 
 f^dov- txiov. 8. Avr {olhi ) did he kill no Greek, 
 9. Folded haek the wino- 
 
 o " 
 
 IVhet/ur he should pursue or go back : utrum insequere- 
 tur an abiret. On both sides: ex utraque parte. Put the 
 ruu ^n the.r rear: a tergo flumen reliquerunt. .Is rh 
 Trpoo-e^v : ultenus. A ucV^ouv : mitterentne. Siao^dvTcc • 
 
 9 inlo^L^atin.'"''" ''" ^^•" ^"^"^^"'°- ^'^^^'^'^ 5 and 
 
1 68 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 \ \ 
 
 EXRRCISK LXXXIV. 
 
 FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 
 Analmsis I. lO, 1 1 - ly. 
 
 a. Adverbial Accusative. 1060; H. 719. 
 /;. Optative in Causal Sentences. 1506; H. 925, /^ 
 c. Genitive with Verbs of Fulness and Want. 
 1112; H. 743. 
 
 I The Greeks halted at a certain village, 
 beyond which was a hill. 2. This hill was 
 covered not with infantry but with cavalry. 
 3. There the royal ensign was seen. 4. ^ So 
 that the Greeks knew that the king's army had 
 rallied there.^ 5. But finally the enemy aban- 
 doned the hill, some one way and some another. 
 6. Then Lykios was sent to*^ ascertain Hhe 
 situation beyond the hill. 7- During all^ this 
 time Cyrus nowhere appeared. 8. And Klear- 
 chos wondered that he heard nothing Mrom 
 him 9. He had fallen in the battle, but the 
 
 POR ORAL TRANSLATION 
 
 169 
 
 Greeks d.d not know it.« ,o. For they had 
 gone ,n pursuit of the left wing of thT bar 
 banan army. ,,. w,,,., they ctme baek to 
 
 •2. For the king had plundered the wa-^ons in 
 vvh.ch were the barley and wine. 
 
 I. .oVre with indicative. .. „«„c, , 
 
 iva. 
 
 ce. 
 
 nihil audiret. /■„//.. sT oXe" T'' "°:i"°' 
 quae e.an. sup.a coUe™. r^^; /aL^trrrir = 
 
1 
 
 .X 
 
 ,:l 
 
 I 
 
 170 BEGINNEJ^'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LXXXV. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION. 
 AimbHsiiS I. 9, 21 — 10, 19. 
 
 1. The troops of Artaxerxes ^got into the 
 camp of Cyrus and ^ began to plunder it ^ with- 
 out resistance. Even the women in Cyrus's train 
 *fell into their power, except that one, a Mile- 
 sian, after being captured, escaped to the 
 Greeks who had been left in the camp no 
 guard the baggage. 
 
 2. While Artaxerxes was thus stripping the 
 Cyreian camp, Tissaphernes fell in with him, 
 after having charged through ^ between the 
 Greek peltasts and the river. At this time 
 7 there was a distance of about thirty stades 
 between him and Klearchos, ^so far had ^the 
 latter advanced in pursuit of the Persian fugi- 
 
 lives. 
 
 3. I'' Apprised, however, that the king's troops 
 had been victorious on the left and centre, and 
 
 I'OR IVRITTEX TRANSLATION 171 
 
 l^vere masters of the camp, but not yet know- 
 ne /lad /eamed etc tt ^^ ' *x 
 
 * ♦ 
 
; 
 
 I- 
 
 172 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LXXXVI. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION. 
 KleareIio8 encourages the Greeks. 
 
 Note. — In this and the following exercises, the references 
 
 are to the Anabasis. 
 
 a. Expressions of a Wish. 1507,1511; H. 870-1. 
 
 b. Suppositions contrary to Fact. 1397 ; H. 895. 
 
 c. Exhortations and Prohibitions. 1344-46 ; H. 
 
 866, I, 2. 
 
 Several of the necessary words and constructions 
 occur in II. I, 4 and 12 ; HI. 2, 6. 
 
 When the messenger had spoken, Klearchos 
 stood up and said: ''^To be sure, it is not the 
 part of a wise man to desire that which is 
 impossible ; still,^ would that Artaxerxes had 
 died instead of Cyrus. ^ In that case we should 
 now be as* happy as^ the great king himself. 
 But although Cyrus is dead, it is possible for 
 us to get back in safety to Hellas, if we prove « 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 173 
 
 ourselves brave men. Therefore be not down- 
 hearted, fellow-soldiers, but « cheer up May 
 the gods save you and me from all perils, and 
 may you see your wives and children, whom 
 you left behind. But what^ to do now ? Let 
 us announce to Ariaios that we are victorious, 
 and so, were Cyrus alive, we would make him 
 kmg. But Ariaios shall be king, if he comes 
 to us, for It belongs to the victor to rule" 
 When they had heard those words both generals 
 and soldiers, 10 as was natural, were much less 
 despondent. 
 
 I. ^fv. 2. hi. 3. our o>s, representing a pro- 
 tasis = "if hehaddied." 4. coV^c^. 5. Kai. 
 6. Don't try to think of a word for "prove." 
 Translate the thought. 7. HI. 2, 18. 8. I. 
 
 3> 8. 9. See Ex. 66, c. 10. II. 
 
 •» 19- 
 
i 
 
 174 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LXXXVII. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION. 
 The Speech of Theopompos. 
 
 Study the uses of /xi;, \i.r\ ov, and ov [vq in the 
 Grammar. Study also the uses of /xiy in I. 
 3, 10 ; I. 4, 18 ; II. I, 12 ; II. 3» 10 ; II. 4, 
 17 ; III. 5, II. Of [ly] ov in I. 7i 7 '■> ^^' 3> 
 II. Oi ov firj in II. 2, 12. 
 
 "Do not think, messengers of the great 
 king, that we will deliver up our arms, unless 
 we wish to rob ourselves of the only good 
 things which we have. If we keep these, 
 surely the king will not be able to prevent^ 
 our'marching through his plains and cities, and 
 carrying off what we wish, so that we may not 
 return home empty-handed.^ Does he intend, 
 as you say, to break up the bridges, so that we 
 may not cross the rivers ? Then we will seize 
 his boats ; for I do not fear, fellow-soldiers. 
 
 P-OR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 175 
 
 that we may not be able to do this, to injure 
 him m other ways, and to escape beyond his 
 reach, if not to get off by stealth, as Xenias 
 and Pasion did. Therefore, my friends, let us 
 send these messengers off with this answer : 
 *Say to your king that we will not deliver 
 up our arms, and that, brave men as we pro- 
 fess 3 to be, we should be ashamed not to keen 
 them.' " ^ 
 
 I. See Ex. 58, c. 2. kci/oV 
 
 3. eV^O/JLOL. 
 
 adXiriy^, 
 
176 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISK LXXXVIII. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION. 
 The Greeks in Peri»l*^x'*.v. 
 
 a. Interrogative Words. 1600, 1603-6; H. 278, 
 
 1015, 1017. 
 
 b. Indirect Questions and Quotations, 1476, 
 
 1479-86; H. 930,/: 
 
 It has been related in the preceding narra- 
 tive^ that Cyrus was killed, though the Greeks 
 had defeated- the force opposed to them. Now 
 what they should do, they did not know. 
 They had learned -^the nature of the country 
 between the Tigris and the canal; for after 
 the battle Klearchos had sent for one of the 
 deserters * from the great king and asked him 
 whether there were villages full of provisions, 
 and whether they could cross the rivers. The 
 man on being questioned answered that he 
 thought the undertaking would be impracti- 
 
 EOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 177 
 
 cable.5 Then Proxenos said, for he happened 
 to be present, that he had heard that the enemy 
 had no boats, so as to prevent « their crossing. 
 '^But where' shall ivc get boats.?" asked 
 Xenophon. -sghall we not have to swim « 
 the rivers .? But, by Zeus, unless ^^ I am mis- 
 taken,Ji the.re are sonie of us who 1=^ don't know 
 how to swim." Thereupon all laughed,^^ but 
 poori* Proxenos ^^hung his head, for he per- 
 ceived that he had talked nonsense.^^ 
 
 I. n. I, I. 2. I. 10, 5. 3. Of what 
 sort. 4. J. 7, 2. 5. I. 2, 21. 6. I. 3, 16. 
 7. Whence. 8. Willit not he necessary i ^. viw. 
 10. ci,j,yj. II. 1.8,11. 12. Grnno/. 13. yt- 
 Aaw. 14. SciAo?. 15. Was despondent, ^Ov^iisi, 
 16. I. 3, 17. 
 
I 
 
 178 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE LXXXIX. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION. 
 Episthenes and the Tliraoian Lad. 
 
 Novyi there was a certain Olynthian, who, 
 seeing a handsome boy carrying a shield and 
 a spear, ran up to Xenophon and begged ^ him 
 to save the youth. " For," said he, " I love 
 beautiful boys, and Seuthes is about to put 
 him to death, unless you rescue him." So^ 
 Xenophon went to Seuthes and begged him 
 not to slay the boy, for the sake of the Olyn- 
 thian. Thereupon Seuthes asked, '' * Should 
 you, Episthenes," for that was the name of the 
 Olynthian, ''be willing to die for this boy.?" 
 At once Episthenes stretched out his neck^ and 
 said, " Strike, if the boy bids you, and will ^be 
 grateful." Then Seuthes turned to the boy 
 and said, " Shall I smite him, instead of you ? " 
 The boy, however, would not suffer " that, but 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 179 
 
 implored him not^ to kill either.^ Where- 
 upon Episthenes embraced » the boy and said, 
 " Seuthes, you will have to fight with me for 
 this boy, for I will not ^'^let him go." But 
 Seuthes laughed, and suffered the boy to live. 
 
 I. U. 2. The same word means 7va7it, 
 desire, 3. Kixi 4. On interrogative particles 
 see Ex. 88,... 5. 1.5,8. 6. 1.4,15. 7. 1. 
 4, 9- Use the imperfect indicative. 8. ^r)U- 
 
 ^iit-i}' (From Mykenai.) 
 
i8o BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 exercisp: xc. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION. 
 A Midnight MhicIi. 
 
 About midnight Seuthes came with the 
 cavalry and Might infantry; and when he had 
 2 handed over the guides, the heavy infantry 
 led and the light troops followed. As soon as 
 3 day dawned, Seuthes rode up to the front* 
 and praised the Greek custom ; for many times, 
 he said, he himself, while marching with a 
 few, got separated'^ with his cavalry from the 
 infantry. ''But now," said he, "we ^find our- 
 selves at dawn all together,' just as we ought 
 to be. But do you wait here, and I will ^look 
 about and come back." So saying he took a 
 certain path over a mountain and rode off. As 
 soon as he reached deep^ snow,!^ ^e looked to 
 see if there were foot-prints of men leading 
 forward or in the opposite direction. When 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION i8l 
 
 he saw that the way was untrodden," he came 
 back quickly and said, -Friends, all will be 
 well, if God wills, for we shall isf^ji ^^^^ 
 the men at unawares. But I will lead the 
 horse, m order that, if we see any one, he may 
 not escape and i^give the enemy warning." 
 
 I. Peltasts. 2. II. I, ,8. 3. // ^,,as day. 
 4. I. 3, I. 5. II. 2, 12. 6. Are. 7. I. 10, 
 13. 8. o-KcVro/xai. 9. Much. 10. ;(tai„, ^. 
 II. arpt^v9. 12. Recall the idiom with \av- 
 Oavio. 13. arjfmivw, properly ma/^e sign to. 
 
 (ME 
 
 l^0oy. 
 
i« 
 
 182 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XCI. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION. 
 Seut1ie« with the Greeks surprises some Villages. 
 
 After this the general went off and Timasion 
 
 with him, having about forty of the Greek 
 
 horsemen. Then Xenophon ^ passed along the 
 
 word for those iip^ to thirty ^years of age to 
 
 come forward from all the companies, and with 
 
 these he himself set out ^with speed, while 
 
 Kleanor led the other Hellenes. When they 
 
 had reached the villages, Seuthes, with about 
 
 thirty troopers, rode up and said: '*Well,^ 
 
 Xenophon, this is just as you said. The men 
 
 are taken; but my cavalry have ridden off in 
 
 pursuit, ^one one way another another, and 
 
 I am afraid that the enemy will assemble and 
 
 do them some harm. Some of us must remain 
 
 in the villages, for they are full of men." 
 
 "Well, I will take th'e heights with the men 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 183 
 
 Whom I have," said Xenophon. <* And do you 
 order Kleanor to extend his line through the 
 plam along by the villages." When they had 
 done this, slaves- and cattle in great numbers 
 were taken, and ten thousand sheep.s Then 
 
 I. Trapcyyuaw. 2. d<i. 
 
 3. TO 6T09. 
 
 4- 1.5>9- 
 
 5. oAAa. 6. Another in another way. 7. J* 
 "^^ ^T' 8. Trpo/Sara. 
 
 dpe'iravri<p6pos. 
 
l84 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XCII. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANS LATIOX. 
 Xt>iiopli«>nS I)efen«*«?. 
 
 "There is nothing which a man may not 
 expect,^ since I am blamed-' by you because I 
 have done you good. I had already set out 
 for home, but I turned back, not, ^ Heaven 
 knows, because I learned that you were pros- 
 pering,* but to help you, if in any way I could, 
 because I heard that you were in ^sore straits. 
 Afterwards Seuthes here sent me many mes- 
 sengers, and made me many promises, if I 
 would persuade you to go to him. *I will give 
 you, O Xenophon,' said he, * my daughter, and 
 if you have a daughter, I will buy*^ her in 
 Thracian fashion.'- His daughter I did not 
 marr\',^ as you well know, '^ although I have no 
 wife.' What did I do .^ I led you to a place 
 from which I thought you could cross most 
 
 I 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION i8c 
 
 easily into Asia. This I thought was the best 
 thmg for you, and I knew you desired it But 
 when Aristarchos came with triremes and pre- 
 vented your sailing across,^ I assembled you 
 in order that we might take counsel what it 
 was necessary to do." 
 
 I. Trpoa-BoKaw. 2 . airtav €^o). 3, I. 4, 8 4 Cf 
 
 ^•9» 'o. 5. 1.3, 13. 6, jj 3*;^ • :^ J- 
 
 2, 15. 8. ya/xe'oi. 9. What better way to turn 
 this than by a clause? 10. Express by the 
 prefix of the verb. 1 1. The subjunctive would 
 be necessary in Latin. Would the indicative 
 be right in Greek? 
 
 9 
 
1 86 BEGINXER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XCIII. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION. 
 Xeiiophoirs V*eie\\ve.— ((Continued.) 
 
 " How, therefore, have I done wrong in lead- 
 ing you where it seemed best to all of you to 
 come? II pray you, do not think I have 
 deceived 2 you and kept what is yours. I sup- 
 pose if Seuthes had given me anything, he 
 would have given it ^for this purpose, that by 
 giving me less, it might not be necessary for 
 him to give you more. If, therefore, you think 
 this has been done, it is possible to make this 
 arrangement* useless ^ to both of us, if you 
 will 6 demand back from him the money due ^ 
 you. For it is evident that, if I have anything 
 from him, he will demand it back ; and he 
 would demand it justly. But that you may 
 wonder more, I swear ^ to you that I have not 
 even received what the other generals have. 
 
 FOR WRITTKX TRAXSLATION 187 
 
 • 
 
 'But are you not ashamed,' some one mi-ht 
 say, -to have been so deceived?' Fellow 
 soldiers, "would that I had not been so deceived 
 by hm, whom I thought a friend to you and to 
 me. -^ 
 
 T. Omit. 2 J 1 c ->r->, XT 
 
 . • -• '• J» 5- 3- 1. 3, I. 4. Noun 
 
 trom TT^arrco. 5. fj^drato^. 6. I. 2, i i 
 7- Omit and change the form of expression. 
 «• if. 2, 9. 9. By what mood is such a wish 
 expressed referring to the past and hence 
 mcapable of being realized.? 
 
 ii't^vrj. 
 
1 88 BEGJNNEK'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XCIV. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION. 
 
 Sauibaulas and liKs ugly Friend. 
 
 After this, Cyrus, observing ^ that one of his 
 captains had as his guest and ^ companion at 
 table an ^exceedingly ugly-looking man, called 
 the captain to him by name and spoke to him 
 thus : " Sambaulas, do you take that young 
 man who sits next to you, about with you, 
 * according to the Greek custom, because he is 
 so handsome?" "^ Yes, by Zeus," said Sam- 
 baulas ; ''^at any rate I am pleased "with his 
 conversation, and even with looking at him." 
 They who were in the tent, upon hearing this 
 remark, looked at the man, and when they saw 
 that he was exceedingly ugly, all began to 
 laugh ; and one of them said, *'^In the name 
 of all the gods, Sambaulas, by what service^ 
 has this man so attached ^^ himself to you?" 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 189 
 
 He said, " Friends, I will tell you. Whenever 
 I have called upon him, either by night or by 
 day, he never said he had no leisure ^^ ; he never 
 obeyed lazily, 12 but i->ith the utmost despatch 
 Whenever I ordered him to do anything, I 
 never saw him execute it "without activity, 
 and he has made all the men in his tent like 
 himself." 
 
 I. 1.2,4. 2. 11.5,27. 3. "Exceedingly" 
 expressed by the prefix in h-nkpa,<T^o^. 4. Kara. 
 5-J-7»9- 6. yow, postpositive. -]. Beifigivith 
 him, o-woi.. 8. I. 6, 6. 9. cpyov. 10. amp- 
 raco. II. J. 6, 9. ,2. ^6.^v. 13. Literally 
 rimmng, I. 5, 2. 14. Express by the adverb 
 
i 
 
 190 BEG/NAE/y:\S GREEK' COMPOSITION' 
 
 EXERCISE XCV. 
 
 FOR WRITTKN TRAXSLATION. 
 Bnryins: a Man Alive. 
 
 "I will tell you," said Xenophon, "what the 
 circumstance^ was, for it is at least 2 worth 
 while to hear it. A man was left behind on 
 account ^of not being able to go on. I saw 
 that the man was one of us, and I compelled ^ 
 you (turning^ to the soldier) to carry him, so 
 that he might not perish ^ ; for, as I think, the 
 enemy were ' close at our heels. After I had 
 sent you forward I overtook^ you. You had 
 laid the man down and were ditrj^ing:^ a hole, 
 as if to bury^'^ him. Thereupon I stopped 
 and praised you. While some of us were 
 standing by, the man yawned. ^^ 'Why,^^ ^^g 
 man is alive! ' ^"^ cried out the bystanders. ' Let 
 him be alive as much as he pleases,' you replied, 
 • I, at any rate, won't carry him any longer.' 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLA TION 
 
 IQI 
 
 Then I struck you, for you seemed to me to 
 know that he was alive." -But didn't the 
 man die.?" asked the soldier. -»Yes by 
 Zeus," answered Xenophon, - we shall all' die 
 but for that reason must we be buried alive.?'' 
 
 I. The same word in Greek means affair 
 thing, 2. ^tos. 3. Use the infinitive with 
 the article. 4. a.ayKa^a>. 5. What voice? 
 ^- J- 2, 25. 7. Don't try to think of a word 
 for ''close," nor for "heels." 8. The same 
 word means catch in J. 8, 20. 9. The same 
 word means guarry\x. I. 5, 5. 10. Compound 
 the last word referred to with K«rci. i , . ^^^^^, 
 12. <UAa. 13. amKpa^o>. ,4. „,,,'. Cf. also 
 I. 4» 8. 
 
192 BEG/XXER'S GREEK' COMPOS! T/OX 
 
 EXERCISE XCVI. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION. 
 
 C'yru» visit!* hi«> (Grandfather. 
 
 [Hanard Knirance Examination, 1887.] 
 
 UntiP he was twelve years old Cyrus was 
 educated*^ among the Persians and followed 
 the more simple ^ mode of life which was pre- 
 scribed* by the Persian customs. But after- 
 wards he went to his grandfather Astyages, 
 king of the Medes. And he was amazed when 
 he first saw his grandfather decked^ with 
 purple tunics and necklaces '' and bracelets,^ 
 which were customary with the Medes ; still, 
 when his grandfather decked him with a beauti- 
 ful robe,*^ "child as he was, and ambitious,® he 
 was srreatlv deli£:hted. When his mother asked 
 him whether his father or his trrandfather 
 seemed to him more beautiful, he replied that 
 
 EOR WRITTEX TRAXSLATIOX 193 
 
 his father was by far the most beautiful man 
 of all the Persians, but of all the Aledes whom 
 he had seen in the streets '-^ and in the palace 
 his grandfather seemed to be the most beauti- 
 ful. 
 
 I. The same word means as far as in I. 7, 
 15- 2. I. 9, 2. 3. The same word means 
 
 /{/^t'in 1. I, r. 4. 1.6, 
 
 10. 5. I. 9, 23. 6. 1. 
 
 2, 27. 7. drc with participle. 8. The same 
 word means >///^//^./ in I. 4, 7. 9. The same 
 word means roat/. 
 
 ^fKiov. 
 
194 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOS! 77 ON 
 
 EXERCISE XCVII. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION. 
 £vent(« in the Korinthian War. 
 
 [Harvard Entrance Examination, iS8g.] 
 
 After this the rest of the army was dis- 
 missed ^ to their various ^ cities, and Agesilaos 
 ^sailed away homewards. *In consequence of 
 this the Athenians, ^setting out from Korinth, 
 and the Lakedaimonians ^ began hostilities. 
 And most of the Korinthians, seeing their 
 own country ravaged," while the other allies of 
 the Athenians were at peace, became desirous 
 of peace themselves. But the other Korinthi- 
 ans with the Athenians and the Argives, learn- 
 ing that Korinth was in danger ^of joining the 
 Spartans again, devised a most impious deed, 
 that they might dispose of those who ^were 
 inclined to peace. They chose ^^ the last day 
 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 195 
 
 of a festival, on which they thought that they 
 should find" a greater number in the market- 
 place, and put to death many of the best 
 citizens, even slaughtering 12 some who had 
 taken refuge at the altars in the market-place. 
 
 I- r. 3, 19. 2. Omit. 3. I. 3, 14. 4 I 
 3,11. 5. r. I, 9. 6. TToAc^cV 7. S^oV 
 5. AaK(oi.t^o>. 9. rpeVto, perfect passive pkrti- 
 ciple. 10. irpoaip^io. ir. The common word 
 lor catc/i, seize. 12. o-^arrco. 
 
196 BEG/.WVEJi'S GREEK COMPOSITION- 
 
 EXERCISE XCVIII. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION. 
 
 How the Lakedaiiiiuiiians treateii IMiarnabazos. 
 
 [Harvard Entrance Examination, 1890.] 
 
 Pharnabazos was satrap of Phrygia. He had 
 long been the friend and ally of the Lakedai- 
 monians, and had never said nor done anything 
 treacherous^ against them. He made their 
 fleet strong 2 by providing^ money, and on land 
 fought "^on their side. But they were not 
 grateful'* to him ^although he was so friendly; 
 for they burned down all the beautiful houses 
 and parks which his father had left him "that 
 he might take ^pleasure in them; and some- 
 times^ they fell in with his slaves and slew 
 them. Agesilaos also marched into his country, 
 burned some cities and plundered ^^ others. All 
 this was done while the Lakedaimonians and 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 197 
 
 Pharnabazos were allies. At length the satrap, 
 since he could no longer enjoy" his own prop- 
 erty, was compelled to go to war with those 
 who had wronged him ; for said he : -I have 
 not now a meaP2 in my own country, unless, 
 like the beasts, I ^^pjck up i^vhat you leave." ' 
 
 I. SiTrAdo?. 2. I. 5, 9. 3. ,rap€xa>. 4. ]Vith 
 them. 5. 1.4,15. 6. Express " although he 
 was " in one word. 7. c'</,' oh. 8. e/.c^pa.Vo/mt. 
 9" ^' 5f 2. 10. TTopOio) = depopulor. 11. I. 
 3> 5- 12. BuTTvov. 13. The same word in 
 Greek means ro/Ar/. 14. What sort of a con- 
 ditional sentence } 
 
198 B£GAVA'£A"S GKEEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XCIX. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATIOX. 
 Agresi1au«i gfives away tlif (laughter of Spitliridate!^. 
 
 [Harvard Entrance Kxamination, 1S92.J 
 
 Agesilaos had long desirecU to 2 make the 
 Paphlagonians revolt from the great king. So 
 he was greatly pleased when Spithridates had 
 persuaded them to do this, and he wished to 
 ^do him a service. Now this Spithridates had 
 a beautiful daughter, and was himself one of 
 the noblest "* of the Persians. Agesilaos, there- 
 fore, sent for the king of the Paphlagonians, 
 and asked him whether^ he would marry ^ the 
 girl. 7 And he answered that he would ^with 
 pleasure do whatever the Spartan thought best. 
 So Agesilaos promised to man a trireme and 
 to send the girl to Paphlagonia in it by sea. 
 Then he marched away in order that he might 
 
 FOR WRITTEy TRANSLATIOX 199 
 
 reach Dascyleium before it was winter ^ ; for 
 he wished to encamp there in the palace and 
 park which belonged to Pharnabazos. 
 
 i.^ I. 9, 12. 2. '' Make revolt ": d<f>{o-rr„xL. 
 3.^ evepyerew. 4. tuyci/>;9. 5. I. 8, 15. 6. ya- 
 /^eV 7. Trats. 8. G/ar//v. 9. x«/>twV = hiems. 
 
 (' 
 
 OTrXlTT^S, 
 
200 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE C. 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION. 
 The I>eath of Cyrus. 
 
 [Harvard Entrance Examination, 1893.] 
 
 When Cyrus had routed the six thousand 
 posted in front of the king, his cavalry ^rushed 
 on to the pursuit.^ Thus Cyrus himself was 
 left with only a few friends about him. At 
 this crisis^ he caught sight of the king not 
 *far away. If Cyrus had ^ restrained himself, 
 he might have won the victory and have slain 
 the king; but crying out that he saw his 
 brother, he rode at him and wounded ^ him in 
 the body. Ktesias, the king's physician," who 
 wrote about t+ie battle, speaks of this, and also 
 says^ that somebody hit Cyrus with a javelin^ 
 under the eye. Then the followers of the king 
 and Cyrus fought with each other until many 
 
 FOR WRITTEN TRANSLA TION 
 
 201 
 
 \\ 
 
 were killed. Nobody knows who killed Cyrus; 
 but he was found dead after the battle, and all 
 his friends lay round him. 
 
 I. opfxdo). 2. Use a form of Shokh). 3. kul- 
 /00s, o. 4. TToAv- d7rc;(o). 5. avi^o/xai. 6. Ti- 
 TputaKu). 7. larpo's. 8. Omit in the Greek. 
 9. TraA.Toi'. 
 
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