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 IJVINGSTONIA: 
 
 CENTRAL AFRICA 
 
 1 . 
 
 2 . 
 
 3. 
 
 4. 
 
 5. 
 
 6 . 
 7. 
 
 NATURE OF PROPOSED MISSION. 
 RELATIONS OF DIFFERENT CHURCHES. 
 OPINION OF DR. LIVINGSTONE. 
 OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. 
 
 REPORT OF GLASGOW MEETING. 
 REPORT OF EDINBURGH MEETING. 
 
 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 MAP. 
 
 EDINBURGH: 
 
 ANDREW ELLIOT, 17 PRINCES STREET. 
 
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 SKETCH MAP 
 
 OF 
 
 LAKE NYASSA 
 
 BY 
 
 E. D. YOUNG, Esq., R.N., 
 
 SHOWING THE POSITION OF THE 
 
 LIVINGSTONIA MISSION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 FREE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND, 
 
 Founded 1875. 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 The Lake extends from 9“ 18' to 14o 41' S. Lat., having a total length of 352 
 English miles, an average breadth of 38 miles, and an average depth of over 100 
 fathoms, with a coast-line of not less than 800 miles. At the north-east end 
 the Livingstone range of mountains extends along the lake for 100 miles, rising 
 from 10,000 to 12,000 feet. 
 
 There are many islands, and numerous rivers, but none are navigable for any 
 great distance.— D. Young, l^lh February 
 
 Lake Nyassa was discovered by Dr. Livingstone in 1859. 
 
 Scale— 27| miles to an inch. 
 
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 ».»A X JOHNSTON CDINeURCH AND LOHOOH 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2018 with funding from 
 Columbia University Libraries 
 
 https://archive.org/details/livingstoniacentOOunse 
 
LIVINGSTONIA 
 
 CENTRAL AFRICA. 
 
 1. NATURE OF PROPOSED MISSION. 
 
 2. RELATIONS OF DIFFERENT CHURCHES. 
 
 3. OPINION OF DR. LIVINGSTONE. 
 
 4. OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. 
 
 5. REPORT OF GLASGOW MEETING. 
 
 0. REPORT OF EDINBURGH MEETING. 
 
 7. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 MAP. 
 
 ‘ Except the Lord build the house, they labour in vain that build it.’ 
 
 EDINBURGH: 
 
 ANDREW ELLIOT, 17 PRINCES STREET. 
 
MURRAY ANT) GIBB, EDINBURGH, 
 PRINTERS TO HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFEICE. 
 
LIVINGSTONIA: CENTRAL AFRICA. 
 
 On tlie south or south-western shores of Lake Nyassa it is 
 in contemplation to found a missionary settlement, and to 
 give to it the name of Livingstone, or Livingstonia. This 
 mission is proposed as the most worthy and useful memorial 
 of Livingstone, and as a meaps of introducing the gospel of 
 Jesus Christ into the dark region of Central Africa. 
 
 In addition to the usual evangelistic and educational 
 work, it will include—Industrial efforts to teach the arts 
 of civilised life to the native people, on a plan similar to 
 that already existing at Lovedale, in South Africa, where 
 the natives paid there, and in the Transkei, during the last 
 two years, for buildings, and towards their support and 
 education in that institution, the sum of £3400. 
 
 It is believed that such a mission or settlement would 
 eventually become a centre of Christianity, commerce, and 
 civilisation. 
 
 The direct and practical benefits of this enterprise to the 
 people of that country it would be difficult to calculate. 
 It would bring the first gleams of light into a region, the 
 darkness of which has remained unbroken for thousands of 
 years, and be one of the most effective checks to the slave 
 trade, by cutting off the supply at its sources. The sum 
 of £10,000 is required to successfully start this mission, 
 and to secure its permanence, an equal sum payable at the 
 option of the givers by instalments over three or five years. 
 
4 
 
 LIVINGSTONIA : CENTRAL AFRICA. 
 
 DETAILS AS TO LOCALITY AND EOUTE. 
 
 The locality of the proposed settlement will he at the southern 
 end of Lake Nyassa, probably on the promontory known as Cape 
 Maclear. At this point the Shire Eiver leaves Nyassa at a dis¬ 
 tance of about 60 miles above the Murchison Cataracts, The 
 distance to the sea is about 400 miles; there is water communica¬ 
 tion for flat-bottomed vessels, drawing from two to three feet, all 
 the way, with the exception of these cataracts, which extend 
 over a distance of between 50 and 60 miles. 
 
 With regard to the nature of the proposed mission.—To plant 
 the gospel of Jesus Christ in that region is the great object 
 aimed at. All other ends are subsidiary, but will be used as 
 helpful to the main end. Therefore, in addition to the ordinary 
 evangelistic or preaching work directly connected with the for¬ 
 mation of such a project, it is intended to establish an industrial 
 institution, in which the arts of civilised life as well as the truths 
 of the gospel would be taught to the people of the region. It is 
 believed also that such a place would speedily grow into a native 
 town, and would become a centre towards which the native 
 population would steadily gravitate. Wherever there is pro¬ 
 tection and security, the African tribes take advantage of it. 
 
 As to the method of carrying out the work.—At first there 
 will be little demand, doubtless, for either educational or industrial 
 teaching. After a time this will arise. The first work to be 
 done by those who go there is to gain a footing in the country, 
 to obtain the confidence of the natives, to become acquainted with 
 the surrounding district, to establish communication on the river, 
 and to acquire a knowledge of the native language. This would 
 be work enough for a year or two. But while this is going on, 
 if there can be secured one or two native interpreters from 
 Cape Town or elsewhere, the teaching of the truths of the 
 gospel can be commenced at once from day to day, as well as on 
 Sundays. 
 
 After a little, also, a small school will be opened, and the work 
 
DETAILS TO LOCALITY AND ROUTE. 
 
 5 
 
 of education in a tentative way would be begun. Slowly the in¬ 
 fluence of this teaching of various kinds will begin to spread ; and 
 though no converts would be seen for some considerable time, 
 yet afterwards, if God blesses the undertaking, and no serious 
 disaster occurs to the mission, these would make their appearance. 
 The work would then have taken root. But it should always be 
 remembered, that progress at first in such directions must be 
 extremely slow. 
 
 With reference to route.—The party will proceed to the Luabo 
 or Kongone mouth of the Zambesi, either by the Bed Sea or 
 vi& the Cape by steamer. They would carry with them two 
 boats, one of them a small steam launch, and another the size 
 of a ship’s cutter. The former would be of iron, built in 
 sections to take to pieces by screws, and similar in construction 
 to that used by Mr. Young in 1867. The boats and goods 
 having been landed at the river mouth, they will proceed to put 
 together the iron boat, and load their goods. They would then 
 hire a number of natives, and with their assistance as paddlers, 
 or otherwise, would proceed up the river. At the lower end of 
 the Murchison Cataracts they would leave one boat, and unscrew 
 the sections of the iron boat, and carry it and the goods by 
 means of porters over the cataracts, then put the boat together 
 again and sail upwards to Lake Nyassa, and commence their 
 work by selecting a suitable spot, either side by side with 
 a native chief or headman who might be willing to receive 
 them, or in any place that is suitable ; then proceed as above 
 described. At first, and for some time to come, no other build¬ 
 ings will be wanted than huts, square or round. The latter can 
 be built by the natives, and the former by them, under the direc¬ 
 tion of Europeans. 
 
 As to the number of the Europeans.—Six at least will be 
 required,—three of them being artisans, and one a doctor, who 
 will act as a medical missionary. 
 
 As to dangers and obstacles.—It is probable that those diffi¬ 
 culties which are most anticipated will not occur, and that others 
 not expected may possibly arise. Amongst the chief are those 
 which will probably spring from the natural obstacles of the 
 country and the climate. 
 
 Communication will at first be irregular. If all goes well, it 
 will become easy and regular after a while. In regard to climate, 
 fever undoubtedly prevails on the coast, and on the valleys it is 
 
6 
 
 LIVINGSTONIA : CENTRAL AFRICA. 
 
 deadly; on the high lands it will occur to some extent, hut in a 
 much less degree. 
 
 As to natives, except from accident or mistake, all along the 
 route indicated little danger need he apprehended on this ac¬ 
 count. The transport of goods necessary for the settlement will 
 year hy year he gradually lessening. Sugar, flour, and coffee 
 are three of the articles most constantly wanted. In three years 
 they should he able to grow all their wheat; in five or six they 
 might grow as much sugar and coffee as would serve for their 
 own use, and all they would want of the former might he manu¬ 
 factured in a rude way hy themselves, though they had nothing 
 better than wooden rollers and a few pots. If the first few years 
 can be got over without any serious losses, the mission might he 
 regarded as established, and all other difficulties could be easily 
 surmounted if properly dealt with. 
 
 For the results and probable future of this undertaking, if the 
 difficulty mentioned in the previous sentence can he surmounted, 
 and if, by Grod’s blessing and the exercise of every care, success 
 is obtained, these results will be of a very momentous kind. It 
 would be difficult to estimate the effects of such a settlement in 
 a country where at present not a single moral or social influence 
 of a healthy nature exists. The amount of this better influence 
 depends, of course, mainly on God’s blessing on the undertaking; 
 but humanly, on the wisdom, energy, and caution with which 
 the scheme is developed, and also on the material support on 
 which it can reckon at home. It is for this reason that the capital 
 sum named is as large as it is. It is not intended that it should 
 be all expended at first. But the enterprise is not safe unless 
 there is a good reserve in case of disaster. All depends on 
 bringing as much caution and experience as possible to bear on 
 the work; and the result must be left in higher hands, for the 
 project is based on love to God and man. 
 
 In regard to the population on Lake Nyassa, Dr. Livingstone’s 
 published opinion was; ‘ Never before in Africa had we seen 
 anything like the dense population on the shores of the Lake 
 Nyassa. In the southern part there was almost an unbroken 
 chain of villages. On the beach of well-nigh every sandy bay 
 dark crowds were standing gazing at the novel sight of a boat 
 under sail, and wherever we landed we were in a few seconds 
 surrounded by hundreds of men, women, and children.’ 
 
RELATIONS OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 7 
 
 KELATIONS OF THE HIFFEKENT PEESBYTEEIAN 
 CHUECHES IN THIS MOVEMENT. 
 
 One interesting feature of the movement is the participation in 
 it by several divisions of Scottish Presbyterianism. The relations 
 of the Churches in connection with this enterprise may be briefly 
 stated as follows :— 
 
 1. The mission—-which may be called a pioneering expedition 
 —is sent out by the Free and Reformed Presbyterian Churches 
 acting unitedly. 
 
 2. The United Presbyterian Church, having lately entered on 
 important work in Japan and elsewhere, does not at present 
 intend to plant a mission in East Central Africa; but the medical 
 missionary at first attached to the expedition is a member of 
 that Church, and as a token of their hearty good-will, the Mission 
 Board of the United Presbyterian Church generously offers to 
 supply his salary and outfit. 
 
 3. The Established Church of Scotland hopes to plant a mission 
 next year in the same region ; and there is every reason to expect 
 that the two Scottish Missions will from the outset be able to 
 render each other very important aid. In the meantime, a lay 
 member of the Established Church is to proceed to Lake Nyassa 
 along with the mission party, and so prepare the way for the 
 expedition of that Church. 
 
8 
 
 LIVINGSTONIA: CENTRAL AFRICA. 
 
 DK. LIVINGSTONE’S OPINION. 
 
 —•— 
 
 {Extract Letter from Rev. Dr. Wilson, Bombay, to Rev. Dr. Murray 
 Mitchell, of date ?>d J%dy 1874 .) 
 
 I now take it for granted, in tlie view of what has passed in 
 in our Mission Committee at home, and in the last General 
 Assembly, and of what you have communicated to me by letter, 
 that our beloved Church will, without delay, apply herself to the 
 establishment of a Christian Mission in Eastern Africa, now so 
 hallowed to the Christian heart by the devoted ardour, indomi¬ 
 table courage and persevering zeal, and self-denial of our great 
 and good countryman, David Livingstone. When he was my 
 guest in Bombay in October 1865, and this he was on several 
 occasions before the end of that year, I had many conversations 
 with him on this all-important matter. One day I said to him 
 (in substance only our conversation can be reported), ‘What 
 a great and glorious field of enterprise you have opened up 
 to the Churches of Christ! Can you give any practical hints 
 on the way by which that field can be approached ? ’ 
 
 Dr. L. —‘ You have struck at once on the grand difficulty. 
 Zanzibar and Mombas are mere touching points. The coast in 
 general is very unpromising. The great attempt should be made 
 in the direction of the interior.’ 
 
 Dr. W. —‘Now, .supposing the Free Church of Scotland were 
 to think of founding a Mission, where would you recommend it 
 to begin.’ 
 
 Dr. L. —‘ Greatly do I wish the Free Church to come forward. 
 The men it would send would adapt themselves to the work, 
 and stick to it. I Avould recommend the Free Church to com¬ 
 mence operations on the healthy heights near the Lake Nyassa.’ 
 
OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. 
 
 9 
 
 OPINIONS OF THE PKESS. 
 
 -♦- 
 
 {GlasgoiD Herald, 10th June 1874.) 
 
 ‘ Certainly no proposal now before the public half so worthily 
 embodies the idea of Livingstone’s life. All other agencies 
 are more or less indirect, and all of them fail to follow up 
 the life-long efforts of Livingstone. The scene of his life was 
 the African continent; the aim of that life the good of the 
 African race j its inspiration, love to an unfortunate and helpless 
 portion of mankind ; and the hope that sustained him through 
 those unparalleled journeys, through days of weariness and 
 hunger, and nights of appalling lonelmess in African villages, 
 was the belief that his countrymen would not let his work perish 
 when he himself perished, but would take it up and give it new 
 shape with a generous heartiness that would make the uncom¬ 
 pleted labours of his noble life fruitful of blessing to the African 
 continent and to the world. 
 
 ‘ The heaviest burden on Livingstone’s heart was the abiding 
 feeling that he would not live to see the result of his labours, 
 and that, though they might benefit the Africa of the future, 
 they were of little value to the Africa of the present. Of the 
 dawn of a brighter day for her he never lost sight or hope. It 
 was his last order to his followers only to say “ Good morning ” 
 as I they approached the hut where he lay dying; and Lord 
 Houghton interprets the thought of the sick man with the 
 insight of the poet— 
 
 ‘ ‘ He bade them, as they passed the hut, 
 
 To give no warning 
 Of their faithful presence, hut 
 ‘ Good Morning. ’ 
 
 ‘ ‘ To him, may he, through broken sleep 
 And pains abated. 
 
 These words were into senses deep 
 Translated. 
 
 “ Mornings o’er that weird continent 
 Now slowly breaking— 
 
 Europe her sullen self-restraint 
 Forsaking. 
 
10 
 
 LIVINGSTONIA : CENTRAL AFRICA. 
 
 “ ‘ Mornings ’ of sympathy and trust 
 For such as bore 
 
 Their master’s spirit’s sacred crust 
 To England’s shore.” 
 
 The mere statement of the project gives us a hope that we 
 already discern the first streaks of this African dawn. If the 
 idea is taken up, it will he carried out with our national caution. 
 Small expenditure at first, cautious advances into the country, 
 and, above all, careful selection of the place, are the main features 
 of this proposal. There should be no deluding expectations as 
 to the rapidity of results; no false glamour thrown round the 
 scheme, as if it had but to be started in order to work miracles. 
 It would have a slow growth if it were to have a real and natural 
 growth, instead of a fictitious and mushroom development, last¬ 
 ing only so long as the money lasts. To feel the way gradually, 
 to gain the confidence of the natives, to ascertain the capabilities 
 and healthiness of the surrounding district, would alone occupy 
 a year or two. The selection of the proper site would be a 
 work involving considerable difficulty. It could be begun with 
 half a dozen willing Europeans, two or three educated but practi¬ 
 cal men,—one, at least, with real medical knowledge,—two or 
 three practical artisans. It could gradually gather to itself a little 
 native colony, to whom it would teach the arts of peaceful civilisa¬ 
 tion and carry the message of the gospel. It would not be worth 
 trying to realize this idea unless people in this country began by 
 guaranteeing enough to keep it afloat for the sloAV years of 
 seed-time, during which no such enterprise, sensibly conducted, 
 can expect to show much visible fruit. If it succeeded, it 
 Avould ultimately be carried on at no very great annual expense. 
 Despite all opposition, the natives of Africa steadily gravitate 
 towards any centre where order, good government, safety to life 
 and protection to property, are secured for them. The history 
 of our South African colonies, and even the more recent efforts 
 of Fiji Islanders, in their anxiety to secure the protection of 
 Great Britain, are instances of the trust which these races are 
 ready to place in our hands. 
 
 ‘ Had the idea originated with some theorist or stay-at-home 
 traveller, we should have been disposed to look at it with some 
 suspicion; but its originator has been more than ten years in 
 Africa. He was with Livingstone on the Zambesi in 1862, and 
 he stood beside liim during the last moments of Mrs. Living- 
 
OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. 
 
 11 
 
 stone’s life. His own work is the best guarantee of the feasi¬ 
 bility of his scheme. The little mission colony of Loveclale, of 
 which he is the head, within British territory, but on the borders 
 of Kaffraria, is one of the most remarkable triumphs of mission¬ 
 ary civilisation. In Lovedale there are half-a-dozen white edu¬ 
 cated teachers and half-a-dozen white artisans. They take in 
 241 native boy boarders—students, pupils, and apprentices— 
 and 63 native girls. The education is so good as to attract 32 
 European boarders besides, and there are 47 day scholars. The 
 industrial training includes carpentering, waggon-making, and 
 blacksmith work, bookbmding and printing, telegraph work, and 
 farm work. There are 13 native apprentice blacksmiths and 
 waggon men, and 17 as carpenters and others, and all the rest 
 spend a couple of hours daily at farm work. The Kaffirs are so 
 eager to get^into the institution that they pay £5 a-head for their 
 education, and the working departments nearly sustain them¬ 
 selves. Ten transport waggons, worth £1300, were turned out 
 last year, and 5000 copies of a Kaffir hymn-book were printed. 
 Besides £800 paid by the Kaffirs for their own education, £1500 
 has been contributed by them to establish a similar branch insti¬ 
 tution. The amount of civilising work done by such an institu¬ 
 tion is incalculable, and there is every reason to hope that what 
 has been done in Lovedale could be done in Livingstonia. It is 
 a harder task, because the climate is far hotter, the colonists 
 would be alone, outside the protection of their Government, and, 
 in respect of everything but the material help from the benevo¬ 
 lent in this country, they would have to sink or swim, as Dr. 
 Livingstone did, in virtue of their own qualities of head and 
 heart. No one, in fact, but a brave man, would attempt an en¬ 
 terprise so arduous, requiring such patience, so unexciting in its 
 daily routine, and so momentous in its ultimate results. No one 
 but a wise, strong, and resolute man could carry it to a successful 
 issue. It is not without some danger, but nothing great in Africa 
 or elsewhere was ever done but in contempt of danger.’ 
 
 {Daily Review.) 
 
 ‘ Its appropriateness recommends it at once to every open and 
 intelligent mind, while the more it is canvassed the more it must 
 grow in favour. It is at once practical and practicable. Original 
 in its conception, it would prove enduring in its nature and fruitful 
 of good consequences. Of magnitude sufficient to attract notice, 
 
12 
 
 LIVINGSTONIA: CENTRAL AFRICA. 
 
 and to afford a full outlet for expressing the admiration with 
 which Livingstone is regarded, it would provide an embodiment 
 of his character and aims—vital, renewable, expansive; it would 
 preserve his memory by continuing his labours, and also utilize 
 both by assigning them their fit place as “ full-welling fountain¬ 
 heads of change ”—such change as would be fraught with bless¬ 
 ing to the downtrodden and benighted African; and thus it 
 would build for the hero and martyr, in the eyes of all the world, 
 and in the hearts of the race he so loved and toiled for, a 
 grander monument than, to use Milton’s words, “the labour of 
 an age in piled stones,” or any “ starry-pointing pyramid a 
 monument such as his own true, wise, brave, and loving soul 
 would have desired and rejoiced in. This will probably come 
 out should any selections from his correspondence (particularly 
 with his old, firm, and generous friend Mr. Young of Kelly) 
 ever see the light. 
 
 ‘ The plan consists in the establishment of a missionary settle¬ 
 ment in East Central Africa, if possible in a place associated with 
 Livingstone’s work, which should be a centre not merely for the 
 propagation of gospel truth, but for the teaching of some of those 
 industrial arts, a knowledge of which is essential to the first 
 beginnings of civilised life. And this position or centre it is 
 proposed to call “ Livingstonia.” This is the substance of the 
 suggestion which was thro’wn out lately by Dr. Stewart of 
 Lovedale, South Africa. One feels on the instant that here 
 we have a true and exquisitely befitting idea. It is “just the 
 thing,” one is ready to exclaim upon the bare mention of it. 
 
 ‘ At all events, without a sufficient backing it would not be 
 safe to attempt the establishment of Livingstonia. The sum 
 of £10,000 as a capital sum, and a guarantee of £2000 a year 
 for five years, would, it is said, be the minimum amount re¬ 
 quisite for safety. Otherwise it would be a mere soap-bubble, 
 glancing for a time Avith the iridescent hues of sentiment and 
 romance, and incontinently bursting in the eye of the beholder 
 on the news of the very first disaster. For, however wisely con¬ 
 ducted, it would, like all great enterprises, pass through diffi¬ 
 culties and disasters not a few. For a time, also, the progress 
 made could not be otherwise than slow, and the results obtained 
 comparatively small.’ 
 
OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. 
 
 13 
 
 (Dundee Advertiser.) 
 
 ‘ Any one can see at a glance that this is much nearer the mark 
 than ninety-nine out of a hundred of the schemes to immortalize 
 the Apostle of Africa.’ 
 
 {Daily Telegraph.) 
 
 ‘ A design which is calculated to produce important results for 
 the regeneration of Africa, while it establishes the best of me¬ 
 morials to the illustrious Livingstone.’ 
 
14 
 
 LIVINGSTONIA: CENTRAL AFRICA. 
 
 EEPOET OF MEETING HELD IN GLASGOW, 
 JANUAEY 18, 1875. 
 
 (^Reprinted and Revised from Glasgow Herald and Daily Mail, 
 
 12th Jan. 1875 .) 
 
 A Public Meeting in reference to the establishment of a mis¬ 
 sionary settlement on Lake Nyassa, Central Africa, in connection 
 with the Free and Eeformed Presbyterian Churches, was held on 
 Monday in the Trades’ Hall, Glassford Street. There was a 
 large attendance, the hall being quite filled. Mr. James White, 
 of Overtoun, presided; and among others present were—Eev. 
 Drs. Buchanan, A. MacEwen, Symington, Murray Mitchell, 
 Adam, Candlish, Douglas, Ceo. Jeffrey, E. Jeffrey, Dods, Stewart, 
 Temjileton; Eev. Messrs. M‘Diarmid, Johnstone, Eiddell, Tor¬ 
 rance, Edgar, Kay, M'Crie, Wells, Falconer, Melville, Howie, 
 Eoss, Taylor, Scott, Andrew, Niven; Sir Peter Coats, Dr. H. 
 Miller, Dr. Joshua Paterson, Capt. Wilson, E.N., E. D. Young, 
 E.N.; Messrs. P. Playfair, J. C. White, James Campbell, jun., 
 Alexander Stephen, John Stephen, J. D. Bryce, James Temple¬ 
 ton, Symington, A. A. Ferguson, H. Brown, T. Binnie, H. 
 Brown, Lang, J. E. Stewart, etc. 
 
 The proceedings were opened with prayer by the Eev. Dr. E. 
 T. Jeffrey. 
 
 The Chairman said it was very gratifying to find so very large 
 an attendance at such a time of the day, manifesting the interest 
 taken in the object for which the meeting had been called, 
 (Applause.) It was unnecessary for him to say much in favour 
 of that object. It was one that must commend itself to every 
 Christian mind, and to every one interested in the propagation 
 of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. It was specially w'orthy the con¬ 
 sideration of Scotchmen. It was exceedingly pleasing to find that 
 in the east and in this metropolis in the west the citizens had 
 combined together with unusual alacrity and with great unani¬ 
 mity in resolving to erect a monument of brass to commemorate 
 the name and the fame of David Livingstone; but he was glad 
 that in a country such as this Livingstone’s name was to be 
 commemorated in more than a monument of brass or of bronze— 
 
MEETING IN GLASGOW. 
 
 ]5 
 
 that they were about to erect a living monument commemorating 
 his services to this country and the civilised world. (Applause.) 
 It had been resolved that a mission should be set agoing in 
 Central Africa. Its position was intended to be at the southern 
 part of Lake Nyassa, about 60 miles from Murchison Falls, and 
 about 300 miles from the sea, to which there could be com¬ 
 munication by means of flat boats for almost the whole distance. 
 The population of the district, as stated by Dr. Livingstone 
 himself in one of his memoranda, was very dense, and it was 
 hardly necessary to remark that the men and women comprising 
 it were bound neither by the ties of morality nor of Christianity; 
 that they were essentially slaves, body and soul, dying in 
 hundreds uncared for and unprovided for; and unless the Chris¬ 
 tians in this country, who derived so much from their Christianity, 
 lent a helping hand to open up such districts to the benefits of 
 the Gospel, their name would become an empty sound. It 
 became them, to send a pioneer, at all events, to pave the way 
 for enriching the country with the truths of the Bible. (Ap¬ 
 plause.) The enterjDrise, he added, was started in no sectarian 
 spirit, and the men sent out would be men who could be 
 thoroughly relied upon, and who knew how to use the influences 
 with which they were entrusted. He was glad to think that 
 the scheme had been inaugurated under such good auspices, for 
 from many sources they had found countenance and promise of 
 support to an extent far beyond wliat was originally expected; 
 and he was sure that, as the merits of the undertaking became 
 better known and more widely diffused, the interest of all sections 
 would be evinced, so that it might be carried out with efficiency 
 and, he trusted, paramount success. (Applause.) 
 
 Capt. Wilson, B.N., then addressed the meeting. It was now 
 thirteen years ago, he said, since he first met Dr. Stewart under 
 peculiar circumstances. He then commanded a ship on the East , 
 Coast of Africa, and was lying in the harbour of Mozambique, 
 when an English ship arrived, having on board the steamer built 
 for Dr. Livingstone, in the hope that it might be i)laced on Lake 
 Nyassa. The vessel likewise brought a letter from his Com- 
 mander-in-Chief, directing any man-of-war on the coast to render 
 every assistance. He accordingly took the vessel down to the 
 mouth of the Zambesi, where they met Livingstone in the 
 Pioneer. He thereafter spent two months working in concert 
 with Dr. Livingstone, Dr. Stewart having started on a recon- 
 
16 
 
 LIVINGSTONIA: CENTRAL AFRICA. 
 
 naissance of the country to report as to the suitability of its 
 becoming a mission station. Mr. E. Young, who was to act as 
 the advanced guard of the mission now projected, was then 
 serving under his command; and as he believed him well 
 qualified for the position, he placed him in command of the 
 Pioneer, in which post he remained for two years. He sub¬ 
 sequently went out at the head of the Livingstone Search 
 Expedition, and succeeded in the object for which it was 
 appointed. With reference to the object for which the present 
 meeting had been called, he considered that the mouth of the 
 Zambesi was a very suitable harbour by means of which to 
 013611 up communication with Central Africa. He was for ten 
 years on that station, and he knew the district about Lake 
 Nyassa was the most thickly populated of any part of the 
 African continent. There were obvious reasons why this should 
 be. It was a great fresh-water basin, and consequently well 
 stocked with game, and it also contained a great quantity of 
 fish, which naturally attracted a large population. It was also 
 the great point from which the African slave trade was fed. In 
 several of the slave dhows he had captured, he found the 
 shoulders of the slaves excoriated from carrying ivory, and this 
 trade in ivory was the kernel of the slave trade. These slaves 
 used to come from Portuguese territory, but now they were 
 drawn chiefly from the large population round about Lake 
 Nyassa. In going up the river with Dr. Livingstone they 
 passed through large villages. The people were numerous and 
 extremely hospitable in a rough kind of way, and lived in a 
 rude plenty. They made iron implements and their own 
 cotton cloth, and they understood the use of indigo, and 
 manufactured their own tobacco. All these things showed a 
 certain amount of civilisation, and that they had reached that 
 point when they could be successfully dealt with by Europeans. 
 To ensure success of any kind in Africa, they must both preach 
 and be practical. Whatever they did, he would strongly re¬ 
 commend that those who went out should be double-handed 
 —men who were able to work as well as preach. About the 
 suitability of the site there could be no two opinions. It had 
 a great number of advantages. As he had said, there was 
 direct communication between Lake Nyassa and the sea, and 
 a vessel of 3 or 4 feet draught of water could at certain 
 seasons sail to the Zambesi, and at any season to within 60 
 
MEETING IN GLASGOW. 
 
 17 
 
 miles of the Murchison Falls. There was thus about 300 or 
 350 miles of navigable river, and the whole of the porterage 
 above the Falls was only 36 miles, or, calculating for the 
 meanderings of the route, 70 miles; and that was a small 
 matter compared with the journey of 800 or 1000 miles from 
 Zanzibar to Nyassa. The site fixed on for the mission station 
 was on a peninsula in the Lake—ground belonging to two 
 friendly chiefs—and he did not think a better could have been 
 selected. One thing should be carefully attended to—namely, 
 to maintain communication with the sea. To secure this it 
 would be necessary to have a vessel placed on the lake, of say 
 10 or 15 tons burden. She should be fitted with a sail, with 
 an auxiliary screw for the purpose of being put under steam 
 when necessary. This vessel would be usefully employed in 
 reaching various points with their teachers and artificers; and 
 it would also prevent the possibility of their running out of 
 food, as, if the crop failed in one part, they could remove to 
 another. Then a boat of certain dimensions should be placed 
 on the river, and it would be important to establish an agency 
 at Quilimane. In that way they would be able to keep up 
 communication with Mozambique, as he believed the steamers 
 now called at that port. But even, failing tliat, he did not 
 know any reason why a boat with sufficient scantling should 
 not make the voyage. The distance was only 300 miles, and 
 the weather was always fine except in the hurricane season. 
 With reference to Mr, Young, he was a proved man. He was 
 two years with Dr. Livingstone, and liad he not been a fit man 
 he would not have been there two months. (Applause.) 
 He sincerely believed there was not another man in England 
 who would perform the duty so well In addition, as one 
 resTilt it would break the neck of the slave trade in that dis¬ 
 trict, for the natives would very soon see that it would be to 
 their advantage not to allow it to continue. Speaking as an 
 outsider, but as one who had a deep interest in the African 
 continent, he expressed his confidence in the scheme, and in the 
 men who were to be entrusted with the working of it out. Dr, 
 Stewart was a man who was heart and soul in the work. He 
 had seen him return from the interior of Africa more like a 
 ‘ bag of bones ’ than a man; but the officers under his command, 
 as well as himself, put him down as the practical man they had 
 met upon that station. (Applause.) 
 
 B 
 
18 
 
 LIVINGSTONIA: CENTRAL AFRICA. 
 
 Mr. E. D. Young was next introduced. He lia'd little to say, 
 lie remarked, except to tell the meeting what he hoped to do. 
 He was going to Africa simply because it was his duty, and 
 because his heart was there. He had always been convinced 
 that the work could be done, and it was a glorious, a righteous 
 cause. (Applause.) The scheme was projected long ago by Dr. 
 Livingstone. He tried to get a boat placed on Lake Nyassa, 
 but there was a mountain ridge to get over, 50 or 60 miles in 
 length, and one part of the vessel weighed 4^ tons, and it would 
 have taken 200 men two years to make a road to take it across. 
 His opinion was that the boat to be built should be a much 
 smaller craft, and that it should be constructed so that each man 
 should be able to shoulder his load and march. Once get a boat 
 on Nyassa, and they would command the whole lake. With 
 regard to the slave trade, which prevailed to so terrible an extent 
 in that region, he asked one of the chiefs why it was carried on. 
 ‘ What would we do for calico 1 ’ was the reply he got. This, 
 he believed, was the true explanation—the people wanted dress; 
 and a very small portion sufficed. A lady’s full dress consisted 
 of only two yards ; and in the Nyassa basin any woman in the 
 country could be bought for that amount of cloth. The conse¬ 
 quence was that they were sold in thousands; but not one in 
 three ever reached the coast. He had seen a poor woman unable 
 to carry her load and her child. She was forced to carry her load, 
 and her child was taken from her and brained against the nearest 
 tree. Then, in capturing the slaves, whole villages were sur¬ 
 rounded. Those of the inhabitants who were able to march 
 were carried off; the rest Avere slaughtered, that they might not 
 escape and alarm the country. The scenes Avere utterly heart¬ 
 rending and revolting; and any Englishman who thought he 
 could go out and do something towards the suppression of such 
 a system and did not, Avas a coAvard, and not worthy the name 
 of Englishman. (Applause.) As to getting there, he had been 
 there already, and he could go again. With the experience he 
 had had, he might next time do better. (Eenewed applause.) 
 He hoped, at least, to do a greater and grander work for 
 the country. The two chiefs on the southern end of the 
 lake were friendly to Englishmen. When there last, Marenga, 
 one of these chiefs, wished to make him a present. He said 
 he would give him one bullock, four goats, or two of his 
 wives. (Laughter.) He had forty wives, and he said he could 
 
MEETING IN GLASGOW. 
 
 19 
 
 easily spare two; but be (Mr. Young) preferred the bullock. 
 (Eenewed laughter.) He stated this to show the social condi¬ 
 tion of the people. This gave some idea of the state of the 
 people ; but they were very honest and teachable in the districts 
 beyond the frontier. These were the people among whom he 
 was going, and he hoped to be in Glasgow two or three years 
 hence to tell how the mission had prospered. 
 
 Dr. Murray Mitchell moved the first resolution, viz. ;— 
 ‘ That this meeting expresses cordial satisfaction at the proposal 
 to establish a missionary settlement of an evangelistic, educational, 
 and industrial character on Lake Nyassa, to be called “ Living- 
 stonia,” under the management of the Foreign Missions Com¬ 
 mittees of the Free and Eeformed Presbyterian Churches, and its 
 satisfaction at the prospect that at length the light of the Gospel 
 of Jesus Christ is to be carried into the darkness of Central 
 Africa.’ In supporting the motion. Dr. Murray Mitchell mentioned 
 that the scheme now launched had received the careful considera¬ 
 tion of the Foreign Mission Committee of the Free Church; and 
 having had occasion to communicate with Dr. Wilson, of Bombay, 
 he was struck with the coincidence between his views and those 
 of Dr. Stewart. Dr. Wilson further said in his letter, that when 
 Dr. Livingstone was his guest at Bombay in 1865, he brought 
 the subject before him, and Dr. Livingstone then said that he 
 greatly desired to see the Free Church go forward to this work, 
 and the site he recommended for the mission was the heights in 
 the neighbourhood of Lake Nyassa. 
 
 Eev. John Kay, of the Eeformed Presbyterian Church, 
 seconded the motion, which was unanimously carried. 
 
 Mr. Jas. Campbell next moved—‘ That, since the heaviest 
 expense must be chiefly incurred at the outset, and during the 
 earlier years of its existence, in order to place such a mission on 
 a secure and permanent basis for the future, an effort should be 
 made to raise an aggregate sum of £10,000.’ He was happy to 
 say that about half the sum required was already subscribed. 
 
 Mr. P. Playfair seconded the motion, which was carried nem. 
 con. 
 
 The Chairman afterwards announced that the following 
 subscriptions had been promised :— 
 
 Mr. J a mes Young of Kelly, . . . £1000 
 
 Mr. Jas. Stevenson, Glasgow, . . . 1000 
 
 Mr. W. MacKinnon of Balnakill, . . 500 
 
20 
 
 LIVINGSTONIA: CENTRAL AFRICA. 
 
 Mr, P, MacKinnon, . 
 
 Mr. Geo. Martin of Auchendennan, 
 Mr. Jas. White of Overtoun, 
 
 Dr. Joshua Paterson, 
 
 Dr. Hugh Miller, 
 
 £500 
 
 500 
 
 500 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 Dr. Buchanan subsequently nominated a committee for rais¬ 
 ing subscriptions, viz. : Messrs. James Young of Kelly, James 
 White, James Stevenson, W. MacKinnon, P. MacKinnon, Geo. 
 Martin, P. Playfair, Dr. Joshua Paterson, Dr. Hugh Miller, Eev, 
 Dr. Buchanan, Kev. James Wells, Eev. E. Howie, and others. 
 In doing so, he said he had no doubt the expression of opinion 
 that came from the gentleman at the end of the hall was an 
 indication of a desire which pervaded the community that this 
 great enterprise should be adequately supported and vigorously 
 carried out. Although the Free and Eeformed Presbyterian 
 Churches were specially named in connection with this mission, the 
 other Churches were surely not debarred from placing themselves 
 alongside those who had been the first to come to the front. The 
 field was ample—there was elbow-room for all on the vast 
 African Continent, (Applause.) 
 
 The motion was seconded by Dr. Symington, and adopted. 
 
 Dr. Stewart proposed a vote of thanks to Mr. White (chair¬ 
 man), Capt. Wilson, and Mr. Young. In doing so, he referred 
 in hopeful terms to the proposed mission, and related some 
 incidents of his experience in Africa. No eulogium was necessary 
 on the name of David Livingstone, The present meeting, and 
 the object of it, were proof enough of the interest felt. And if 
 God should bless the present effort, great good would result. 
 This was the only condition necessary to success ; for without it, 
 money, men, experience, and determination would be all in vain. 
 Deferring to Mr. Young, he said he had known him for a long 
 time, and he believed he was the most suitable man in the 
 country to undertake the superintendence of the station. He 
 was doing so at a pecuniary sacrifice; and he was leaving a situation 
 which most men would try to keep. He had not sought this 
 work—the work had sought him ; and he had every confidence 
 in Mr. Young as leader of the expedition, from his experience 
 and his character as a Christian and a brave man, (Applause.) 
 
 The benediction was afterwards pronounced by Eev. Dr. 
 MacEwen, and the proceedings terminated. 
 
MEETING IN EDINBURGH. 
 
 21 
 
 EEPOET OF MEETING HELD IN EDINBUEGH, 
 FEBEUAEY 19, 1875. 
 
 - ^ - 
 
 A Public Meeting in reference to the establishment of a mis¬ 
 sionary settlement on Lake Nyassa, Central Africa, in connection 
 with the Free and Eeformed Presbyterian Churches, was held 
 yesterday in the Queen Street Hall. There was a large attend¬ 
 ance. Lord Moncreilf presided. There were amongst those 
 present, the Eev. Drs. Murray Mitchell, Andrew Thomson, Mac- 
 Gill, Duff, Goold, Stewart (from Africa), Macdonald, M‘Lauchlan, 
 Blaikie, and Macrae of Hamck •, Eev. Messrs. Sandeman, J. H. 
 Wilson, MacPhail, Eobert Balfour, George Philip, M'Ewen, P. 
 Barclay, Kelman, Cusin, Main, Cullen, John Small (Bombay), 
 Glendinning, Alex. Mackenzie, and Eyrie; Mr. Miller of Leithen, 
 Mr. Macfie of Dreghorn, Lieut.-Col. Davidson, Mr. John Mac¬ 
 kenzie, Mr. George Meldrum, Dr. Minto, Dr. Pringle, Professor 
 Balfour, Mr. Thomas Eobertson, Dr. Benjamin Bell, Mr. Malcolm 
 of Burnfoot, Mr. Charles Cowan, Dr. Graham, Mr. J. W. 
 Urquhart, Councillor Maclaren, Mr. Thomas Clark, Mr. David 
 Dickson, Mr. J. Brown Douglas, Mr. T. G. Murray, Sheriff N. 
 C. Campbell, etc. 
 
 Lord Moncreiff, who was received with applause, stated that 
 apologies for absence had been received from Lord Polwarth, 
 Mr. John Cowan of Beeslack, and Eev. Mr. Whyte. He then 
 said—Ladies and gentlemen, I have obeyed with great pleasure 
 the request that was made to me to preside over this very im¬ 
 portant and interesting meeting. In doing so I have rather 
 deviated from my ordinary practice, but I thought this was an 
 extraordinary and unusually interesting occasion. (Applause.) 
 My reasons for doing so were two—'in the first place, the deep 
 reverence and admiration which I feel for the memory of that 
 distinguished, energetic, and most faithful man, David Living¬ 
 stone. (Applause.) It seemed to me that it was a fitting thing 
 that his countrymen—and he was a countryman of ours, and we 
 are all proud of him—should take steps for the purpose of com¬ 
 memorating the memory of so important and great a servant of 
 
22 
 
 LIVINGSTONIA : CENTRAL AFRICA. 
 
 his race j a man who so nobly defied difficulties which few men 
 would even have endeavoured to surmount, and who, I venture 
 to say, not only here, but in that country which he loved so 
 well, and which he so faithfully served, has left a memory that 
 will be perpetuated to many generations. (Applause.) I once 
 had the pleasure of spending an evening in the company of that 
 remarkable man. It was before he became as distinguished as 
 he afterwards was; it was after his return from his first journey 
 in Africa, and before he started upon his second and more 
 renowned expedition ; but I was greatly struck with the strong, 
 manly, noble simplicity of the man, his manifest fearlessness, his 
 great devotion, his single eye to the great work that he believed 
 to be before him, and the undaunted courage with which he 
 looked forward to his further labours. The impression he made 
 on my mind on that occasion I have never forgotten ; and when 
 I came to read the last memorial of his labours—I mean those 
 two most interesting and absorbing volumes that have been 
 published since his death—his reputation in my eyes has risen 
 even higher than it then was. I think I never read a more 
 striking record of a great man’s life and a good man’s death ; for 
 he had nothing of what I may call the more vulgar attributes of 
 even great and energetic men in such positions. He was coura¬ 
 geous—nothing daunted him ; he was kindly—nothing was too 
 humble for him to sympathize with; he was devoted to his 
 Master’s cause, yet without affectation, without morbid senti¬ 
 ment ; and in his own strong, clear, manly way he has painted 
 a picture in that diary of the race among whom he spent his best 
 days, and for whom his great efforts were exerted, which, I 
 think, points the finger to future efforts for the regeneration of 
 a too-long-oppressed portion of humanity, and ought to inspire 
 every philanthropist, not only with the desire but with the 
 strong hope of at last loosing the fetters of the slave. I came 
 here to listen, not to speak, and the few words I have said on 
 the memory of Livingstone come from my heart; but I under¬ 
 stand the proposal which you are asked to support is that, in 
 memory of that great traveller, and in carrying out the views he 
 had so sincerely and earnestly at heart, some men of like mind 
 with him should go out to a portion of that land with which he 
 was familiar, for the noble j^urpose not only of carrying evan¬ 
 gelical truth among the heathen of those parts, but of doing, 
 what no one can fail to sympathize with—founding a settlement, 
 
MEETING IN EDINBURGH. 
 
 23 
 
 which perchance may be a beginning, though but a small be¬ 
 ginning, of the extinction of that abominable traffic which is so 
 vividly depicted in Livingstone’s pages, and which is the curse 
 of that otherwise glorious land. I understand that on Lake 
 Nyassa, about 15 degrees south of the Equator, and at the 
 source of the Shire Eiver—if my geography is right—it is 
 proposed to establish a missionary station; and some gentlemen, 
 as I have already mentioned, not unaccustomed to the country, 
 not unfamiliar with the people, who are acquainted with the 
 climate and social usages which prevail there, are willing to give 
 their services for the noble object of establishing an evangelical 
 mission on the banks of Lake Nyassa, with a view to assist not 
 merely in bringing the natives there to a knowledge of the truth, 
 but also in putting down the nefarious traffic in human flesh 
 which has so disgraced that country. I rejoice that I should 
 have been allowed to-day to preside over a meeting for so noble 
 a purpose. I shall not detain you longer; but I only wish to 
 say, in conclusion, that this mission seems entirely in unison 
 with the spirit of Christian truth. We have heard a good deal 
 in late days of a new civilisation which thinks it is superior to 
 the old traditions of revelation, and which would invite the 
 people of this country, and I suppose the people of other 
 countries, to go back from our modern notions to what prevailed 
 in sentiment some 2000 years ago—to the principles of the old 
 heathen philosophers. I am not going to enlarge upon such a 
 topic at the present moment; but I would say this—that I do 
 not know any time, in any country, when one single slave 
 obtained his liberty from the preaching of such doctrines as 
 these. (Applause.) Evangelical truth and personal freedom 
 have gone hand in hand for the last two thousand years. 
 (Applause.) Wherever the former is preached, the fetters fall 
 from the limbs of the slave j therefore I hail here the prognostic 
 of great events, and I am perfectly certain that if ever the slave 
 trade in Africa is to be destroyed, it will be when the light of 
 evangelical truth dawns on that country. (Applause.) I have 
 now to call upon Captain Wilson, RN., to address the meeting. 
 
 Captain Wilson (of the Naval Squadron on the East Coast of 
 Africa for the suppression of the slave trade) said there could 
 not be a better site for a mission than the one proposed. Dr. 
 Livingstone had loved the Lake Nyassa, in whose district his 
 life was chiefly passed. He had wished to place a vessel on the 
 
24 
 
 LIVINGSTONIA: CENTRAL AFRICA. 
 
 Lake as a stronghold for missions and for the sujipression of the 
 slave trade. The reason why Lake Nyassa was preferable to 
 others, was that it was situated in a populous and fertile country, 
 and from the lake to the sea there was a navigable river of 300 
 or 400 miles. No other river offered the same facilities for 
 transport, and transport was the chief difficulty in getting into 
 the interior. Beasts of burden were the only other means of 
 transport, and they died quickly. A mission’s success depended 
 on a safe and certain transport to the sea. In this case they 
 proposed to establish the communication by a steamer on the 
 lake and a boat on the river. The steamer would be useful in 
 tapping the coast line of about 600 miles for food. Besides this, 
 the moral influence of a steamboat on the lake would he im¬ 
 mense. It would he an argument that the Africans would 
 understand and appreciate. They could comprehend the 
 superiority of people who came to them with power to put 
 such a thing as a steamer on the lake. The boat on the river 
 would he a sailing boat. There was always a good breeze up 
 the river, and of course the tide would carry it down. There 
 Avere at one place falls on the river that interfered with the 
 navigation, hut this difficulty would he got over by the aid of a 
 friendly hand of natives who had formerly been in the service of 
 Dr. Livingstone, and who would carry the boats past the rapids. 
 It was a great thing to make a start in this direction, but those 
 who had the influence should endeavour also to get the Portu¬ 
 guese Government to open the Zambesi Eiver, the natural outlet 
 from Central Africa eastwards for trade. The duties were just 
 now prohibitive. If this route were opened, steamers would find 
 their way up the river, and a good deal Avould be done to stoj) 
 the slave trade. The good that would be done by the mission 
 on Lake Nyassa would be vast indeed, besides the Christianizing 
 of the people. The presence of the steam-launch going from end 
 to end of the lake would have a good effect on the African chiefs, 
 who, aware of the evils of the trade, would give it up with some 
 encouragement. The very sight of the British flag, well kn own 
 amongst them to be inimical to slavery, Avould have the desired 
 effect. It would be more effectual on the lake than a squadron 
 of cruisers on the coast. (Applause.) 
 
 The Kev. Horace Waller (editor of the ‘ Last Journals of Dr. 
 Livingstone ’) tried to represent the feelings of Livingstone as he 
 wandered in Africa in regard to slavery. He thought it was a 
 
MEETING IN EDINBURGH. 
 
 25 
 
 noble thing to see a memorial to David Livingstone taking this 
 form. No other memorial would have been in accordance with 
 the feelings of the great traveller. No better tribute could be 
 paid to his memory than by following out the work he began. 
 He pointed out the wisdom of the proposal. Acts of civilisation 
 must go before evangelization in such countries. The languages 
 of the people must be learnt, and the force of a Christian example 
 must be shown before the preaching of the lips could be effectual. 
 He read extracts from a letter of Livingstone, to show that he 
 had advocated the reaching of the inland country by the rivers 
 rather than by any other way. Along the caravan route the 
 distress of the journey was so great that the Arab slave-dealers 
 were willing to allow their slave gangs to melt away to the ex¬ 
 tent of one half, if they could save the rest for the market. Scenes 
 occurred of the most horrible description. There was but one 
 way to uproot this slavery. Nothing but English influence would 
 put a stop to it. David Livingstone was dead. He foresaw long 
 ago that he should fall in Africa, but his death had given an 
 impetus which was significant in the highest degree. The cloak 
 of David Livingstone had fallen on the whole of Christian 
 England. All eyes were fixed on Africa, where his steps marked 
 a noble purpose, and there was a wish to follow in them. He 
 rejoiced at this unusual crowding together of godly men to make 
 a united effort to help poor Africa. The large-heartedness which 
 dwelt in David Livingstone had made him conscious, he had 
 written in one of his letters, of but one feeling of respect and 
 love for both parties (the Church of England and the Free Church) 
 in regard to their African work. There was room enough and to 
 spare, he had written, for all who wished to promote Christ’s 
 kingdom in this region. They had, he showed, men represent¬ 
 ing them in Africa loved and respected by the natives. Mr. 
 Waller added, in regard to the slave trade, that before Living¬ 
 stone died, the trade had had a blow at its roots which had led 
 the upas tree to wither away on the coast. But the interior 
 slave trade yet flourished. What the effect of a body of 
 Englishmen on the Lake Nyassa would be, he left them to 
 imagine from the statements of what the presence of a single man 
 —David Livingstone—had had on the slave-traders. Nothing 
 was now talked of so much along the Arab caravan routes as the 
 action of the Englishmen on the coast. When they saw English¬ 
 men on the lake, under the English flag, he had no doubt that a 
 
26 
 
 LIVINGSTONIA: CENTRAL AFRICA. 
 
 moral influence would be exerted upon them greater than could 
 be contemplated. He pointed to the assurance always expressed 
 by Dr. Livingstone that things would come right at last in regard 
 to Africa, and urged on the meeting to make this cause their 
 own, and raise up this most noble of all memorials to his memory 
 —a temple of peace and religion in Africa, in which the name of 
 the Lord would be heard in reverence and prayer. (Applause.) 
 
 Mr. E. D. Young, R.N. (of the Livingstone Search Expedition), 
 said he was about to set out to Lake Nyassa for the Committee 
 of the Free Church, and hof»ed to be back in two or three years 
 to report on the work which Avas done. He believed that 
 half-a-dozen resolute Englishmen on Lake Nyassa would almost 
 put down the slave trade. He was going out at the invitation 
 of the Free Church to help to put down this trade. He hoped 
 his action, when he came back, would be approved of by 
 Christian men. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Goold moved—‘ That this meeting express its cordial 
 satisfaction at the proposal to establish a missionary settlement 
 of an evangelical, educational, and industrial character on Lake 
 Nyassa, to be called Livingstonia.’ In supporting the resolution. 
 Dr. Goold said he had long been possessed by the conviction that in 
 all his travels Dr. Livingstone had in view the finding of a suitable 
 place for the establishment of a mission for the elevation of the 
 Africans—a place with a salubrious climate and of easy access to 
 our civilisation; and it was delightful now to find that the object 
 on which his heart was set was likely to be realized. The work 
 they proposed to carry out was of a threefold character—evan¬ 
 gelical, educational, and industrial; and though he by no means 
 deprecated the erection of a monument to the memory of Living¬ 
 stone, he rejoiced more in this scheme, as being not merely a per¬ 
 petuation of his name, but a continuation of his work. 
 
 Colonel Davidson cordially seconded the motion ; and it was 
 passed with the greatest unanimity. 
 
 Dr. Mac Gill then moved—‘ That, as heavy expenses must be 
 incurred at the outset for the right equipment of the expedition, 
 this meeting heartily approves of the effort that is noiv being 
 made to raise without delay a sum of £10,000.’ In urging on the 
 meeting the adoption of the resolution, Dr. MacGill said it surely 
 would not be a difficult matter to raise in Scotland the sum that 
 was desired, while the effort that it would require would be a 
 great means of promoting those feelings amongst the different 
 
MEETING IN EDINBURGH. 
 
 27 
 
 Churches which would greatly facilitate that union which was so 
 desirable. He rejoiced to know that two Churches had already 
 come forward conspicuously in this work—the Free Church and 
 the Reformed Presbyterian Church; and on the part of the 
 Church which he represented, he might say that a young man 
 who had been trained with a view to a missionary life, had dedi¬ 
 cated himself to the work in Central Africa. (Applause.) He 
 would go out under the superintendence of the Free Church, though 
 supported by his ovti Church ; and on the return of Mr. Young, at 
 the end of two years or more, it would be a matter for consideration 
 whether they would commence a mission on their own part, or 
 continue to assist in the undertaking now proposed. (Applause.) 
 
 Mr. Miller of Leithen seconded the motion with the greatest 
 pleasure. They had come to the practical point in this matter— 
 the furnishing of the sinews of war. They had noble men going 
 out whom they would surely furnish with all things needful. 
 The sum wanted—£10,000—to equip this mission might seem a 
 large one to some, but not too large for such a country as this to 
 provide. (Applause.) 
 
 The resolution was unanimously passed. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Duff moved—‘ That, with the view of aiding the 
 committees charged with the responsibility of carrying out the 
 projected mission, and procuring the means needful for its accom¬ 
 plishment, the following committee be appointed.’ [Here fol¬ 
 lowed a long list of influential names, with Mr. John Cowan of 
 Beeslack as convener.] Dr. Dulf went on to say that he would 
 not at all despair of raising a much larger sum. We were, he 
 thought, in the age of luxurious selfishness, and spending on self 
 what should be used for the spread of Christ’s kingdom. He 
 urged the divine command to go and proclaim the gospel to Africa, 
 and a blessing would attend the effort. He did not think they 
 should dwell upon the difficulties of reaching Central Africa. He 
 thought it the duty of every mission established round the coast 
 to turn inland, so that they might join altogether in Central 
 Africa in a glorious thanksgiving to the praise and glory of God 
 over a Christianized African Continent. 
 
 The Rev. Thomas Main seconded the motion, which was 
 unanimously carried. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Stewart (from Africa) spoke of the practica¬ 
 bility of the mission, which he thought was vouched for by the 
 fact that two men, who had already spoken, were willing to take 
 
28 
 
 LIVimSTONIA: CENTRAL AFRICA. 
 
 tlieir lives in their hands and try it. Then, as to the desirability, 
 he thought no Christian man could doubt it. Their object was 
 to plant the gospel of Christ in a dark region—hell’s empire, 
 great and grim. People at home believed the horrors of the 
 slave trade were exaggerated, but that was not true. The worst 
 that had been spoken or written was not the worst that had been 
 perpetrated. They would exert no other force than moral force 
 in dealing with the slave trade, but they believed it would be 
 effectual. They would have difficulties and disasters, but their 
 object was a worthy one, and he believed the mission would 
 succeed. He prayed Clod to protect and defend those who went 
 out in this work, and that assistance would be sent out by all the 
 Churches to do Christ’s work in this vast region. He thanked 
 Captain Wilson and Mr. Waller for coming down to aid in this 
 meeting. (Applause.) 
 
 The Eev. Dr. Macrae, Hawick, proposed a vote of thanks to 
 the Eight Honourable Chairman, and said in doing so—I may 
 be allowed to express my gratification at being present at this 
 meeting, in listening to the interesting addresses of the noble 
 Chairman and the succeeding speakers, and especially to the 
 speeches of the friends and followers of Livingstone, from whom 
 I myself derived important information some months ago, when 
 engaged in prosecuting inquiries as convener of the Established 
 Church, charged with the promotion of a mission to the same 
 region. I cannot doubt that their appearance here, and the ex¬ 
 pression of their experience as to the condition and capabilities 
 of the natives of East and Central Africa, taken in connection 
 with the last and ever-memorable work of the great traveller, 
 which Mr. Waller has been enabled to make public property, 'will 
 give a great impulse to a movement which may now be regarded 
 as national—the combined action of our Churches at home for 
 the deliverance of those peoples from the horrors of the inland 
 slavery, and from their other and many miseries, and their intro¬ 
 duction into the benefits and brotherhood of Christian and 
 civilised nations. I trust the divine presence and blessing will 
 accompany the mission on whose account we are now assembled, 
 and that, under the experienced conduct of Mr. Young, it will 
 be safely established at its destination that it will be followed 
 in due course by the mission of the Established Church, and that 
 thus kindred lights will spring up in the lands now wrapt in 
 universal darkness. May we not hope that from such small 
 
MEETING IN EDINBURGH. 
 
 29 
 
 beginnings Christian settlements and communities will arise, to 
 become in turn nurseries of an expanding Christian civilisation, 
 in which the ‘ down man ’ of Livingstone will be raised to free¬ 
 dom and security, and the magnificent resources of those lands 
 be laid open to the commerce of the world 1 
 
 The Eev. Dr. Murray Mitchell pronounced the benediction, 
 and the meeting separated. 
 
30 
 
 S UBSCRIPTIONS. 
 (^Interim List.') 
 
 Glasgow and the West. . 
 
 James Young of Kelly,. 
 
 James Stevenson, Glasgow, .... 
 
 W. MacKinnon of Balnakill, .... 
 
 George Martin of Auchendennan, 
 
 P. MacKinnon of Rosemount, ... 
 
 James White of Overtoun,. 
 
 Dr. Joshua Paterson,. 
 
 Dr. Hugh Miller,. 
 
 James Campbell, Jun.,. 
 
 Alex. Stephen,. 
 
 John Bell,. 
 
 Wm. Strang,. 
 
 Archd. Crombie,. 
 
 Patrick Playfair,. 
 
 Dr. Anderson Kirkwood,. 
 
 Lady Cunningham Fairlie, .... 
 
 Dr. Harry Rainy,. 
 
 Rev. R. C. Smith,. 
 
 John Robertson,. 
 
 J. D. Bryce,. 
 
 J. H. Robertson,. 
 
 J. B. Mirrlees,. 
 
 T. Binnie,. 
 
 David Maclean,. 
 
 M. Fairley,.^ . 
 
 Jas. S. Napier,. 
 
 James Arthur,. 
 
 Edward Caird,. 
 
 Wm. Maclaren & Sons,. 
 
 Bailie Collins,. 
 
 Misses Smollett,. 
 
 Rev. John F. Jaffray,. 
 
 John Cowan (Dildawn),. 
 
 Hugh aud Mrs. Alexander, .... 
 
 Wm. Miller,. 
 
 Messrs. Blackie & Sons,. 
 
 John Muir,. 
 
 . £1000 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 . 1000 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 . 500 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 . 500 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 . 500 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 . 500 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 . 100 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 . 100 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 . 100 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 . 100 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 . 100 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 . 100 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 . 100 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 . 100 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 . 100 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 . 100 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 . 100 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 . 100 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 . 100 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 50 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 50 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 50 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 50 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 50 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 50 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 50 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 50 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 50 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 50 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 50 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 50 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 50 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 50 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 35 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 30 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 30 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 30 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
SUBSCRIPTIONS. 
 
 31 
 
 J. R. Stewart, . 
 
 J. R. Miller,. 
 
 H. K. Wood,. 
 
 James Roberton,. 
 
 Rev. Robert Howie,. 
 
 James Gray,. 
 
 John M‘Clure,. 
 
 Mrs. W. Gray,. 
 
 Andrew Symington,. 
 
 Mrs. Wm. Campbell,. 
 
 James Stewart,. 
 
 J. Macgregor,. 
 
 David Drummond,. 
 
 Mrs. Macdonald, ....... 
 
 Alex. A. Ferguson,. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Geo. C. M. Douglas,. 
 
 Duncan Turner,. 
 
 James Ferguson,. 
 
 Mrs. Ewing,. 
 
 James Keyden, Sen.,. 
 
 T. Keay,. 
 
 Rev. W. H. Carslaw,. 
 
 Walter Duncan,.. . 
 
 Wm. Ferrie,. 
 
 Other Subscriptions,. 
 
 A few of these Sums are payable by Instalments 
 
 £25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 21 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 20 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 20 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 20 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 20 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 20 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 20 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 20 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 20 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 15 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 74 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 Edinburgh. 
 
 R. A. Macfie of Dreghorn,. 
 
 . £200 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 John Cowan and Miss Cowan of Beeslack, . 
 
 . 150 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 John Miller of Leithen,. 
 
 . 150 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Hercules Scott and Mrs. Scott of Broth erton, . 
 
 . 100 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 George Cowan of Valleyfieid,. 
 
 50 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Rev. Dr. Duff,. 
 
 50 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 John. Melrose,. 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Lord POLWARTH,. 
 
 20 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 James Mylne, . . . . . 
 
 20 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 William Tait,. 
 
 20 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Stair Kerr,. 
 
 20 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 David Shaw,. 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Other Subscriptions,. 
 
 51 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 Aberdeen. 
 
 
 
 
 William Henderson of Devanha, .... 
 
 . £200 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 George Thomson, Jun.,. 
 
 . 100 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Francis Edmonds,. 
 
 75 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
32 
 
 SUBSCRIPTIONS. 
 
 Dundee. 
 
 A. D. Grimond, .£250 0 0 
 
 Miss Symers, . 100 0 0 
 
 TV. 0. Dalglish, . 100 0 0 
 
 T. A. Smieton, . 50 0 0 
 
 Bailie Eobertson, . 50 0 0 
 
 Provost Cox, . . . . . . . . . 30 0 0 
 
 Mrs. Mackie, . 25 0 0 
 
 London. 
 
 Dr. Campbell, ..£100 0 0 
 
 Duncan Macneill,. 100 0 0 
 
 Misses Smith, 7 Stafford Terrace,. 100 0 0 
 
 Dr. and Mrs. Cooper, Bournemoutb, ...... 100 0 0 
 
1