AFRICA A MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS «i HE CAUGK" MY SHOULDER AS HE SPRANG AFRICA I A MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS -BY- MRS. EMMA L. HOGUE Woman’s Foreign Missionary Society OF THE FREE METHODIST CHURCH 1132 Washington Boulevard Chicago 1914 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from Columbia University Libraries https://archive.org/details/africamissionstuOOhogu FOREWORD In the preparation of this study book for Juniors, the second in a series of four (prescribed at the last quadrennial meeting), Mrs. Hogue has given in a simple, concise manner the main facts in regard to Africa. There are twelve chapters in the book, eleven for study and the twelfth is a program for use in mis¬ sionary meetings. The same plan for examinations will be used as the one mapped out in the first book on India. A certificate has been prepared and is given, one for each book, as soon as the book is completed and a satisfactory examination passed. A diploma will be given to those who complete the full course of four books which are to embrace the countries where our mission work is located. Nothing would please the committee in charge of this work more than to know that there was a Junior study class taking this course of study in every so¬ ciety in the denomination. “Every Junior in the church in a study class” should be the slogan. The knowledge gained thereby will lead to greater in¬ terest in the cause of missions. The equipment for service that will come by these united studies will make the Juniors effective workers along missionary lines in the years to come. God grant that in the sending out of this little 13 ] FOREWORD volume many may be so moved upon by tbe Holy Spirit that they may hear the call to the foreign field in answer to heartfelt, united prayer for the coming of the Master’s Kingdom. Lillian Camp Jensen. [ 4 ] CONTENTS Lesson > Page I.—The Country. 9 II.— The Country—Concluded. 13 III. —Early Explorers. 17 IV. —The People. 21 V.—The People—Concluded. 25 VI.— The Government. 29 VII. —Religions of Africa. 33 VIII. —Life and Customs in Africa. 37 IX.—Women and Children of Africa. 41 X.—Early Missionaries in Africa. 45 XI. — Our Church Missionaries. 51 XII. —Program for Public Meeting. 55 [ 0 ] I TO OUR JUNIORS Africa is a country full of interest to the Junior. It took brave men and women—real heroes—to open up this Dark Continent to the light of day, and the Junior loves a hero. The story of Africa is written in blood, and this touches the Junior’s heart with sympathy. The brave men, who spent their lives in open¬ ing Africa to our knowledge, left home and friends, never expecting to see them again. They traveled through the dark, tangled forests. They waded the swamps for days, sometimes to their necks. They met and fought the lion, and other savage beasts. Some found a watery grave in the great rivers they tried to explore. They met great serpents and poisonous insects. They suffered from the intense heat of the sun, and from hunger and thirst. The dread African fever laid some of them low. Then, perhaps worse than all, they suffered at the hands of the savage tribes they sought to help and save. Surely, only one of God’s heroes could endure these things from choice, suffering in the hope of win¬ ning souls for Christ’s kingdom. As our Juniors study the Dark Continent and the lives of those who have given their all for the re¬ demption of these dark people, may they ask from their hearts, “Lord, what wilt thou have me to do toward winning Africa for Thee?” e. l. h. [ 7 ] OUR PRAYER “Take my life and let it be Consecrated, Lord, to thee; Take my moments and my days, Let them flow in ceaseless praise. Take my love, my Lord, I pour At thy feet its treasure store; Take myself, and I will be Ever, only, all for thee.” [81 AFRICA The Country *Suggested Program Singing: “The Light of the World is Jesus” (Gos¬ pel Hymns, No. 626 ). Scripture Lesson: Isaiah 55 . Prayer. Singing: “Throw out the Life Line.” Business: Reading of minutes. Treasurer’s report. Roll call. Reports of committees. Collection. To the Leader:—Have a map of Africa befoi'e the class. REMEMBER, it is largely “through the eye to the heart” of a child. Simplify the questions aud answers to suit the age and needs of your class. Lesson I 1. What has Africa been called? The Dark Continent. *The order of exercises may be varied to suit time, place or occasion. [ 9 ] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS 2. Why is it so called? Because for ages the interior of the country was unknown; because it is the home of a dark-skinned people; and Jesus, the Light of the world, is un¬ known to most of its people. 3. Why was so little known of Africa? White people were afraid to enter the country because of its dense forests, wild jungles, swamps and deserts, and because of the wild beasts and sav¬ age natives. 4. To whom do we owe what we now know of this wonderful country? To the brave explorers and missionaries of whom we shall learn further on. 5. Which part of Africa has been ivell known for ages? The part lying along the Mediterranean and Red Seas. 6 . What is the northeast part of this land called? Egypt. 7. Where have you heard of Egypt? In the Bible and historv. «/ 8 . What can you tell of the boy Joseph in con¬ nection with Egypt? Of Moses? Of a wonderful babe taken by night into Egypt? 9. What separates this well-known part of Africa from the unknown regions south? The Sahara Desert (Sahara means great). 10. How large is this desert? As large as the United States. It is the largest desert in the world. 11. How large is Africa? [101 AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS It contains about 11,800,000 square miles. 12. How is it bounded? By the sea on all sides, except at the Isthmus of Suez on the northeast. 13. How would you go from New York City to Egypt? To Natal, South 'Africa? 14. Where are the highest mountains found in Africa ? In East Africa near the equator. One peak there is 21,000 feet high. 15. What is the country of Abyssinia called? The African Switzerland, because of its many high and beautiful mountain peaks, with its extinct vol¬ canoes, its glaciers and fine scenery. 16. What large African island lies east of Africa ? Madagascar, which is one thousand miles long. The Discovery of High Mountains John Ludwig Krapf and John Rebmann were two of the early explorers and missionaries in Africa, and to these men we owe much of what we know about the interior of this country. They made many trips down the eastern coast and into the interior, telling the gospel story to the heathen. On these inland trips the natives would tell these men of great, high places on top of which lived evil spirits that killed whoever ventured near. But these men were not afraid of evil spirits, and they traveled on, hoping to find these mountains, for such they supposed them to be. They braved hunger, sickness, Ill] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS robbers and wild beasts, but still they pressed on. At last, while on one of these trips Krapf was taken sick and could go no farther. But Rebmann went on until one day, very near the equator, he saw a high mountain reaching way up against the sky, and the top was covered with snow. Afterwards this moun¬ tain was found to be 20,000 feet high. Soon after this Krapf discovered another snow-capped peak called Mt. Kenia. It seems that the natives had tried to get silver from these mountains in years past, and the cold had nipped off their fingers and toes. So “Jack Frost” was the evil spirit of which they had told the missionaries. You see these mountains are near the equator, where it is very hot, and the natives knew nothing about snow or cold. [ 12 ] The Country—Concluded Singing: “Go Tell the World of His Love.” Scripture Lesson: Mark 16. Prayer. Singing: “Hail to the Lord’s Anointed” (Mis¬ sionary Hymns, No. 66). Business: (See Lesson I). Lesson II 1. What four giant rivers in 'Africa? The Nile, Congo, Niger and Zambesi. 2. Which is the longest? The Nile. Its main stream is 4,000 miles long and is second in size to the Mississippi-Missouri. 3. Wliat important fresh water lake in East Africa ? Victoria Nyanza. It covers about 28,000 square miles, and is next in size to Lake Superior. 4. What is the climate of Africa? Tropical; the hottest of the six continents. 5. Which part is in the cool belt? The southern part, which has a delightful climate. 6 . What are the seasons in Africa? Most parts have two seasons, wet and dry. 7. What valuable trees are found in Africa? [ 13 ] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS The cork-oak from which cork is made; the oil- palm, the rubber, the ebony and the mahogany. 8 . What fruits grow in the Mediterranean States? Grapes, olives, figs, etc. 9. What fruit is found in the Sahara Desert? The date. It grows in the oases. 10. What does the Nile valley produce? This part of the country is well watered by the annual overflowing of the Nile River, and produces fine crops of cotton, sugar, rice, wheat and other grains. 11. What are some other products of Africa? Bananas, cassava, coffee and tobacco. 12. What fine bird is raised in South Africa? The ostrich, whose feathers are sold in large quan¬ tities. 13. What minerals are found in Africa? Gold, silver, diamonds, copper, coal, iron and salt. 14. What animals are found? The elephant, camel, lion, rhinoceros, hippopota¬ mus, hyena, buffalo, apes and monkeys, besides many others. 15. For what are the elephant and rhinoceros valued? Great numbers of these animals are hunted and killed for their ivory tusks. * * * The great calabash tree of Africa is one of the largest found on earth. The branches extend hori¬ zontally from the trunk. These and the mangrove [ 14 ] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS trees, whose branches hang low, when intertwined with canes and shrubs, make a forest almost im¬ passable. One of the explorers of Africa says: ‘‘No sunlight or breeze ever penetrates into the dark depths of these forests. The monster trees shut out even a glimpse of the sky.” * * * Africa abounds in serpents of great size, many of which are poisonous. These, and the locusts and mosquitoes, which are found in abundance, make trav¬ eling in the interior both difficult and dangerous. * * * The white ants of Africa are very remarkable for their skill. These insects build huts shaped like a cone, some of which are twelve feet high. These huts sometimes cover a whole plain. When these ants enter a dwelling they devour everything in the way of food, and sometimes kill and eat the people. * * * The richest diamond fields in the world are in the Kimberley district. About $35,000,000 worth of dia¬ monds are taken from these mines each year. The largest diamond ever discovered was found in South Africa in 1905. * * * Dr. Livingstone discovered a great coal vein near Victoria Falls. This vein is now being worked by an English company. 115 ] Early Explorers Singing: “Jesus Shall Reign Where’er the Sun” (Missionary Hymns, No. 41). Scripture Lesson: Isaiah 60. Prayer. Singing: “Speed Away” (Missionary Hymns, No. 49). Business. Lesson III 1 . Who was leader in exploring the west coast of Africa ? Prince Henry of Portugal, who has a place among the world’s bravest explorers. 2. In what year did he start out to explore the country? In 1394, and he made many trips down the coast until he got as far south as Guinea. 3. After Prince Henry’s death whom did Portu¬ gal send out? Bartholomew Diaz, who rounded the continent. 4. What was the southern point named? Cape of Good Hope. 5. Was Prince Henry an explorer only? No; he was anxious to have the Negroes of Africa converted to Christ. [ 17 ] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS 6 . What brave Scotchman started out to explore Africa in 1768? James Bruce. 7. What part of Africa did he explore? He spent five years traveling through Abyssinia; he made many journeys into the interior on the Blue Nile River. 8 . What kind of people did he find? A very savage people who tried to kill him. 9. How did he win their hearts? He cured many who were sick, and treated them all kindly. 10. What famous explorer lost his life in the Niger River? Mungo Park. 11. Who discovered the mouth of the Niger River? Two brothers named Landor. 12. Who discovered the source of the Nile River? Captain Speke found it flowing out of the beauti¬ ful Victoria Lake. 13. What otherbravemenmadegreat discoveries ? John Ludwig Krapf, John Rebmann and Captain Burton. 14. Name some of these discoveries. Mount Kilimanjaro, Mount Kenia and several large, beautiful lakes. James Bruce Scotland has given us many brave men, but none more brave and true than James Bruce. In 1768 US] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS he started out to explore the almost unknown parts of Africa. He chopped his way through dark forests, waded through swamps to his neck, and sailed on rivers until he came to the interior of Abyssinia. Here he found a cruel and savage tribe of Negroes. They were ruled by a king, said to be a descendant of King Solomon of whom we read in the Bible. These savage people did not know what to think of a white man, and they decided to kill Bruce; but he treated them so kindly, cured the sick among them, and showed such skill in using his gun that they decided to let him live. The king gave him permission to explore their country, so for five years he stayed with them, making many long and danger¬ ous trips into the interior. Afterward Bruce went to England and wrote a book, telling of the people he saw and the wonderful discoveries he had made. He tried to interest the people, but no one believed what he said was true. Some years later other men went out and explored the country, and they found that all Bruce had said and written was true. But forty years had gone since Bruce had told them these things, and he, the man whom they should have honored, was dead. The People Singing: ‘‘Dark Africa” (Missionary Hymns No. 31). Scripture Lesson: Isaiah 61. Prayer. Singing: “Jesus Saves” (Missionary Hymns, No. 30). Business. Lesson IV 1. What is the population of Africa? About 164,000,000. 2. What is Africa called? The land of dark people. 3. Why is it so called? Because two-thirds of the people belong to the Negro, or black race. 4. What are the principal races found in Africa? The Berber, the Negro and the Bantu. 5. Where is the home of the Berbers? North of the Sahara Desert. 6. How much of Africa do they occupy? About one-third. 7. From what country did they come? From Asia. Many of them are Arabs. [ 21 ] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS S. What part of Africa is occupied almost en¬ tirely by the Negro race ? Tlie central part. 9. How many Negroes in Sudan alone? About 40,000,000. 10. Where do we find the Bantu race? In South Africa? 11. Name some of the smaller native tribes. The Pigmies, Bushmen and the Hottentots. 12. Where are these tribes found? The Pigmies, or Dwarfs, in the forests of the Con¬ go ; the Bushmen and the Hottentots in the Kalahari Desert and other portions of Southwest Africa. 13. Which parts of Africa are most thickly popu¬ lated ? Those along the Nile and Niger Rivers, and on the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea and Guinea. 14. From ivhich part of Africa was the greatest number of slaves taken? From the Guinea Coast section. 15. What were David Livingstone’s last icords? The Slave Trade in Africa The great curse of Africa was the slave trade, and this was brought to their shores by the white man. In the seventeenth century Africa became the slave¬ hunting ground of the world. Portugal was the first to begin this awful traffic, but, strange as it may seem, Christian England followed, and soon stood at the head of those who carried on this trade in human beings. [ 22 ] SLAVERY AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS For more than 300 years the slave hunters went through Africa, and millions of black people—men, women and children—were captured and driven in gangs chained together until they reached the coast. There they were put on ships and sent to other coun¬ tries where they were sold to be the white man’s slave. Many of them were sent to America to work on the white man’s plantations. It was to stop this awful curse that David Living¬ stone labored and at last laid down his life in Darkest Africa. His last words were (they are engraved on his tomb in Westminster Abbey), “May God’s rich blessing come down on every one, American, English or Turk, who will help to heal this open sore of the world.” Thank God! The prayer of David Livingstone and of others has been heard, and in all parts of the world the awful slave trade is no longer sanctioned by law. £ [ 23 ] The People—Concluded Singing: ‘‘Send the Light” (Missionary Hymns, No. 61). Scripture Lesson: Luke 10: 25-37. Prayer. Singing: “Tell it Again” (Missionary Hymns, No. 84). Business. Lesson V 1. Describe the Berbers of North Africa. They belong to the white race. Their color varies from very light to quite dark, and their hair is dark. They are a handsome people. 2. What is their principal occupation? Farming and stock-raising. 3. How do they live? In tents, adobe huts, or stone houses. 4. What people inhabit the Great Desert? The Arab or Bedouin tribes. 5. Where is the real home of the typical Negro race? South of Sahara Desert in the middle part of Africa. G. Describe these people. AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS They have black skin, broad, flat noses, black frizzly hair, thick lips and beautiful white teeth. 7. What are some of the characteristics of the true Negro race? Strength, ignorance, laziness, patience and love of music. 8. Are the Negroes in the different parts of Africa alike in looks, habits and intelligence? No; they differ greatly. 9. Describe the Negroes of the Congo Basin. They are very ignorant, know nothing of books. They live in huts, made of branches or grasses, or out of doors, and wear but little clothing. Some of them were cannibals. 10. How do they live? By hunting and fishing and on wild fruits and grains. 11. Describe the Negroes of Sudan. They are more intelligent than the Congo Negroes. Some plant grains and raise cattle. 12. How do the Bantu Negroes differ from the others ? They are not so black; their noses are not so flat nor their lips so thick. They are brave and intelli¬ gent, and very quick and eager to learn better ways of living. 13. How do the tribes of Pigmies, Hottentots and Bushmen compare with the other races? They are not so intelligent as the Bantus and Negroes. 14. To what race do the natives of Madagascar belong? [ 26 ] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS To the Malay race; but there are many mixed races. 15. Describe these people. They are short and have straight black hair and yellow skin; their noses are large and sharp. 16. What is their occupation? Farming, cattle-raising and trading. Their prin¬ cipal food is rice. [27] The Government Singing: “Crown Him” (Missionary Hymns, No. 5). Scripture Lesson: Rev. 7:1-4, 9-17. Prayer. Singing: “Work for tlie Night is Coming”( Mis¬ sionary Hymns, No. 54). Business. Lesson VI 1. Is all Africa governed alike? No; there are many kinds of government. 2. Wliat nations govern different parts of Africa ? France, Great Britain, Germany, Portugal, Italy, Spain and Turkey. 3. Why is A frica controlled by so many nations ? *See note. 4. How much of Africa is owned by the Boer Republics? About 108,000 square miles. 5. How are the people of Northern Africa rilled? By monarchs, except where ruled by other nations. 6. How do these monarchs rule? They make the laws and enforce them, and hold their office for life. [29] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS 7. What nation controls Egypt? Great Britain. 8. How are the countries in Middle Africa ruled ? By the nations of Europe that control them. 9. What is the government of South Africa? It is either a limited monarchy or a republic. 10. What is the government of Cape Colony? It is self-governing, under British control. 11. Who govern the Colony of Natal? The British. 12. How are the savage and Pagan tribes ruled? They are ruled by chiefs, who have unlimited power over life and property. *The Scramble for Africa Fifty years ago Africa was looked upon as the poorest of the continents—a land of burning sand, worthless rocks and forests, with no rivers running from the center to the coasts. Only as the brave ex¬ plorer or missionary has braved hardship and some¬ times death have we come to know the truth about Africa. Now we know of its rich mines of gold and silver and diamonds, and of its fertile soil, and Africa is considered of great worth, as we shall see. In November, 1884, a number of great men—em¬ perors, kings and presidents—met in Berlin, Ger¬ many, to distribute Africa among their different powers. Each one wanted a good slice. The division was made according to the claim of those first ex¬ ploring, to the wishes of the chiefs of the countries, etc., and in a very short time Africa was divided. In [ 30 ] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS fact the division was made so quickly that the pro¬ ceeding has been called the “Scramble for Africa.” This is how Africa came to be controlled by so many different nations. [31] Religions of Africa Singing: ‘'The Comforter has Come” (Missionary Hymns, No. 32). Scripture Lesson: Komans 10. Prayer. .Singing: “He was not Willing That Any Should Perish” (Missionary Hymns, No. 25). Business. Lesson VII 1. What are the three principal religions of Africa ? Mohammedan, Pagan and Christian. 2. How many Mohammedans in Africa? About 59,000,000. 3. * Where are they mostly found? In Egypt and all northern Africa, though they are scattered all through Africa. 4. By whom was Mohammedanism founded? By a man named Mohammed, who was born in Arabia 570 years after Christ. *Be sure to have a map of Africa before the class and point out Mohammedan, Pagan and Christian. Africa. Explain how much work is yet to be done before Dark Africa is saved for Christ. [ 33 ] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS 5. What does Mohammedanism teach? That there is only one God, and that Mohammed is his prophet and is greater than Christ. G. What is the sacred hoolc of the Mohamme¬ dans ? The Koran, written by Mohammed. This is their Bible. 7. What are the five duties of Mohammedans ? To pray five times a day; to fast from sunrise to sunset every day during the month Ramazan; to make a pilgrimage to the sacred city of Mecca, if possible; to give alms to the poor; and to often repeat the creed: “There is no God but one God, and Mohammed is the prophet of God.” 8. How do Mohammedans treat women? The Mohammedan believes a woman is no better than an animal. She is man’s slave and is not allowed to eat with him. She is kept in a zenana (dark room) much of the time; she must wear a veil, for if a man, except a near relative, should see her face, she would be punished. 9. How many Pagan or heathen in Africa? About 110,000,000, nearly twice as many as there are Mohammedans. 10. In what part of Africa do they live? In middle Africa, south of Sudan, with parts of Sudan itself, to the Orange River. 11. What do these heathen worship? The sun, fire, animals, or images; but most of all spirits. 12. What is their belief about spirits? They believe that spirits are everywhere—in [34] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS plants, trees, rivers, mountains, fish, birds, animals, etc., and that these spirits have power to do them good or evil. 13. To whom do the Pagans go when sickness or trouble comes ? They call the medicine man, for they believe he can get the spirits to help them. 14. What do the heathen wear about their necks to keep evil spirits away f A fetish or charm. 15. Of what are these charms made? They are usually made of a mixture of human bones, a lion’s or leopard’s tooth, snakes’ teeth, leaves, or anything they think will please the spirits. 16. In which part of Africa are the largest num¬ ber of Christians found? In South Africa, from the Cape of Good Hope to North Trausvaal. 17. About how many are there? About 3,500,000, while Christian mission stations are now found in many other parts of Africa. The Witch Doctor The heathen have a great fear of evil spirits which they think are in everything. They believe that the spirits of the dead come back to earth to help or harm them. Because of this they prepare food, some favor¬ ite dish, aud place it on the graves of their dead in order to get their good will. If any one is sick or gets injured or dies, it is thought that an evil spirit, or witch, dwelling in some other person has caused the trouble. So they call the fetish priest or witch [ 35 ] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS doctor, and lie gives the person or persons suspected of having a witch poison-water to drink. If they hap¬ pen to live, because the poison is made too weak, then the witch doctor declares them innocent; but most of the victims die from the poison. Even now, though it is forbidden by the govern¬ ment, more deaths are caused b} 7 the poison cup in Central and West Africa every year than from war and disease combined. Just think! Two-thirds of all Africa’s people are now in heathen darkness. They know not God nor the Christ who is mighty to save them from their sins. Let us hurry to send them the gospel. *!* “IT IS THE WHOLE BUSINESS OF THE WHOLE CHURCH TO GIVE THE WHOLE GOS¬ PEL TO THE WHOLE WORLD.” * * * Crocodile Worship Not many years ago a tribe of Negroes on the west coast of Africa worshiped crocodiles. Once every five years a great festival was held, and at that time the king and priests required the mothers to sacrifice their babes and little children to the croco¬ diles. Great crowds gathered by .the river side, and at a signal from the priests the mothers with break¬ ing hearts, threw their little babes to the cruel monsters lined along the shore waiting for their meal. How dreadful! Yet these mothers were willing to suffer in order, as they supposed, to please their gods. We are glad that this custom has been stopped by the British government. [ 36 ] \ Life and Customs in Africa Singing: “Take my Life and Let It Be’ 7 (Free Methodist Hymnal, No. 330). Scripture Lesson: Luke 4:16-22. Prayer. Singing: “Wonderful Words of Life. 77 Business. Lesson VIII 1. In ivhat kind of a house does the native Afri¬ can live ? In a hut. 2. Of what is this hut usually made? It is made of poles stuck in the ground close to¬ gether. Then these poles are covered with bamboo strips or long grass and smeared over with mud. The roof is made of poles, thatched with long heavy grass or leaves. 3. What kind of windows in these huts? There are no windows, just a low open hole for a doorway, which lets in what light and air they have. 4. How are the huts furnished? There is very little furniture; some sleeping mats made of woven grass, some cooking pots, gourds for holding water or palm wine, a hoe and a basket or two. [371 AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS 5. What is the principal food of the natives? Fruits and vegetables, wild game and fish, while in some places they eat the large ants, gnats and lo¬ custs. Palm oil is used for fat in cooking. 6. How is the food cooked? A hole is scooped out in the earth floor of the hut, around which stones are placed, and the cooking pot is placed on the stones. There is no chimney, so the hut fills with smoke when there is a fire. 7. What do the natives like to drink ? Palm wine and native beer, and in places where cows are kept they drink milk. 8. Are the native drinks intoxicating? l T es, and very often the people get drunk and fight. 9. How do the natives dress? Among the heathen very little clothing is Avorn, just a loin-cloth made of bark or grass, and for spe¬ cial occasions a loin-cloth made of beads or the skin of an animal. 10. What is the marriage custom among the heathen? A man buys his wife of her father, giving him cattle, sheep or goats. 11. How many wives may a man have? As many as he can pay for. 12. How does a man treat his family? He thinks he is their superior in every way. The wives and children are his slaves and are not allowed to eat with him. 13. How are the old people treated? In some places, when too old to work, the father or mother is carried out into the field or woods [ 38 ] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS and there left to starve or die alone, or may be eaten by wild beasts. Ornaments The Africans are very fond of ornaments. They wear huge copper rings in holes made in their lips, noses and ears. Then they wear more rings on their arms and ankles. They also wear necklaces made of beads and the teeth of animals. Sometimes a war¬ rior wears a necklace made of human teeth, taken from the poor victims he has killed. In some parts of Africa they have a fashion of tatooing the forehead, cheeks, chest or arms, and use red ochre for coloring. These tatooed people look very wild and fierce, which is what they like. 139] Women and Children of Africa Singing: “Rescue the Perishing” (Gospel Hymns, No. 592). Scripture Lesson : Luke 15:1-7. Prayer. Singing: “There were Ninety and Nine” (Gospel Hymns, No. 570). Business. Lesson IX 1. How does an 'African treat his wife? She is his slave and must obey him in everything. 2. Wliat wicked custom spoils the home life in Africa ? Polygamy. A man may have several wives and families, so pays little attention to any of them. 3. What is the custom regarding marriage ? A woman must wait until some man buys her of her father, brother, or male relative. 4. How young is a girl warned? Among some tribes a girl is married when eight or ten years of age. 5. How does an African woman usually begin her day’s work? She rises very early and pounds out corn in a mortar, then prepares the meal for the family. [41] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS 6. Where does she spend the day? She goes out into the field or garden and works hard all day. 7. What is that on her back? Her baby is strapped on her back, and this load grows very heavy before night. 8. Where do we see her at evening? Bringing in a load of wood on her back or a jar of water on her head. Perhaps she is fishing in a stream, and if she catches any fish she cooks them for her husband’s supper. 9. What part does she and the children have? Whatever he leaves after eating all he wants. 10. What one thing can bring comfort and cheer to these women? The religion of Jesus, which makes men kind to their wives and children. 11. What can we do to help? We can send out missionaries to teach them the gospel. 12. Arc the little black children cared for as white children are? No; they have no cradles except their mother’s or sister’s back. Their bed is a straw mat. No one kisses or pets them. 13. What do these little children wear? Some have no clothes. Others wear a string of beads around their necks, a medicine charm on their necks or wrists to keep evil spirits away, and a cloth around their loins. 14. How do these children amuse themselves ? When very young the boys and girls play together, [421 CHILDREN IN AFRICA NATIVE HUT AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS but after a little the boys think they are braver and better than girls, so will not play with them. 15. Did you ever see ivhite boys who acted that way ? 16. What are some of the boys’ enjoyments? Hunting with bows and arrows, setting traps for rabbits and other game, playing hand-ball and hide- and-seek. 17. What do we find the little girls doing? As soon as they are old enough they work in the garden—weeding, hoeing and planting. They help their mothers to cook, pound out grain and carry wood and water. * * * The children of Africa live in constant fear of evil spirits, which they think live in the trees, leaves, shadows—in everything—and this fear keeps them from being happy. If a certain kind of snake should cross their path it means death. If they meet a wild dog called Mbula it means that something terrible will happen to them. So no wonder these children look sad and troubled. The boys and girls who have never been in terror of evil spirits and witches can hardly understand how happy these children of Africa are when they learn of Jesus who saves them from sin and from this awful fear of evil spirits. In all our mission schools these children study the Bible and learn to sing hymns. What sweet voices they have, and how they enjoy it all! And how glad it makes the hearts of the missionaries who have sacrificed so much to carry them the good news of a Savior’s love. [433 Early Missionaries in Africa Singing: “When I Survey the Wondrous Cross” (Missionary Hymns, No. 70). Scripture Lesson: Isaiah 35. Prayer. Singing: “Crown Him, Crown Him” (Missionary Hymns, No. 5). Business. Lesson X 1. What church sent out the first missionary to Africa ? The Moravian Church. 2. What Missionary Society sent out the first missionary to Africa? The London Missionary Society sent out Dr. Van der Kemp, who labored until 1811, when he died while on his way to Madagascar in a convict ship. 3. Who did the London Missionary Society send out in 1816 ? Robert Moffat, a young Scotchman nineteen years old. 4. To what part of Africa did he go ? To South Africa. 5. What cruel, savage chief became a Christian and teas Moffat’s friend? [ 45 ] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS ’Africaner. 6. How many years did Mr. Moffat and his wife, Mary, labor in Africa? More than fifty years, returning to England only once during that time. 7. What do we know of their family ? They reared nine children, seven of whom became missionaries. 8. What young Scotchman did Mr. Moffat in¬ fluence to become a missionary? David Livingstone. 9. What did Livingstone become? The world’s greatest missionary. 10. Who became his wife? Robert Moffat’s daughter. 11. How many years did he labor in Africa? Over thirty years. 12. How long was Livingstone once lost in the forests of Africa ? About two years. 13. What brave man from America went oat to find him? Henry M. Stanley, and he found Livingstone at a little town called Ujiji, almost dead from fever and hunger. 14. Would Livingstone go back home with Stan¬ ley? No, he felt that his? work for Africa was not fin¬ ished, and he went on until he could do no more. 15. Where did he die? At Ilala. When he became too sick to go on, he asked his native friends to build him a hut to die 146 ] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS in. They did so, and the next morning, May 1, 1873, they found him kneeling beside his bed, dead. 16. Where was Livingstone buried? His loving black friends carried his body to Zanzibar, a nine months’ journey, and from there it was taken by boat to England and buried in West¬ minster Abbey. 17. What did Stanley do after Livingstone’s death? He went to Africa and traced the Congo River to the sea, the work Livingstone was trying to do at the time of his death. ^Africaner Near the Orange River where young Moffat went to begin his mission work there lived a cruel, savage chief whom everybody feared. His name was Afri¬ caner. When Mr. Moffat came to his kraal, or hut, Africaner would not come out to see him. After about an hour Africaner came out, and when he saw that Moffat was very young and kind looking he seemed pleased, and called some women to build a hut for the missionary. In half an hour it was done, and there was Mr. Moffat’s home for several months. Here he began to teach the i>eople of Jesus, and it was not long before Africaner gave his heart to God. Now we see the robber and murderer as gentle as a little child. He, too, began to preach to the people. He comforted those in trouble and re¬ lieved the widow and fatherless. He was Mr. Mof¬ fat’s friend and helper. The lion had become a lamb. [ 47 ] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS One who had known of all of Africaner’s cruelties said after he had become a Christian, “O God, what can¬ not thy grace accomplish!” When Africaner came to die he called his people around him and said, “I feel that I love God, and that he has done much for me of which I am totally unworthy. My former life is stained with blood, but Jesus Christ has pardoned me, and I am going to heaven.” This one soul saved more than repaid the mis¬ sionary for all his trials and hardships in carrying the gospel to that people. No wonder “there is joy in heaven over one sinner that repenteth.” David Livingstone David Livingstone—the greatest missionary and explorer in the world! I hope all the Juniors will read the wonderful story of his life and labors in Africa, for we can tell only a little about it here. He was born in the village of Blantyre, near the beauti¬ ful Clyde River in Scotland, March 19, 1813. His parents were devoted Christians, but poor people, so when David was only ten years of age he had to go to work in a cotton mill. David was very fond of books, so he studied Latin during his spare moments and attended night school. When twelve years of age he gave his heart to God, and from that time planned to spend his life in working for Him. At nineteen years of age he had saved enough money to attend Glasgow University, where he spent four years in the study of theology and medicine. As he had decided to be a missionary he went home as soon as [ 48 ] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS he received his diploma. Early one morning we see the family gathered for worship, while David reads, “I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills, from whence cometh my help. My help cometh from the Lord, which made heaven and earth. . . . The Lord shall preserve thy going out and thy coming in from this time forth, and even for evermore.” After a prayer by David he and his father walked six miles to Glasgow, where the son took ship for the Dark Continent. We cannot know of all he passed through w T hile exploring that vast wilderness—the first European to make his way across the country from east to w^est —but he accomplished great things for God. As he started out he said, “I shall open up a path to the interior of Africa or perish.” At one time a great lion sprang upon him crushing his shoulder. At an¬ other time w^e see him attacked by robbers and nearly killed. Then one day his devoted wife, Mary, died, and they laid her to rest beneath a baobab tree, while with breaking heart he presses on. What have w T e to show for the life of David Liv¬ ingstone and other brave men and women who have given their lives to save the dark people of Africa? There is a chain of missions reaching from the east to the w r est coast, as John Ludwig Krapf and others said there would be. There are railroads where once was a trackless path. There are churches where the men, women and children gather to hear the gospel preached. There are schools where boys and girls are taught useful trades. At Blantyre, Africa, there stands a large church not far from the spot where [ 49 ] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS Livingstone, in 1861, first wrenched the slave-sticks from the necks of a captive gang of slaves. At Liv- ingstonia (named for Dr. Livingstone) there is a school for the special education of the boys who were once slaves. Light is coming to Africa; but there is so much yet to be done. So many dark lives have never been touched, and pleading hands are stretched out for our help. “Shall we whose souls are lighted With wisdom from on high, Shall we to those benighted The lamp of life deny?’’ [ 50 ] Our Church Missionaries Singing: “Cast Thy Bread Upon the Waters” (Missionary Hymns, No. 67). Scripture Lesson: Eccles. 11:1-4, 6. Prayer. Singing: “Let all the Children Rally” (Mission¬ ary Hymns, No. 86). Business. Lesson XI 1. When did the Free Methodists begin mission¬ ary work in Africa? In the spring of 1885. 2. Who were the first missionaries to go out ? G. Harry Agnew, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Shemeld and Rev. and Mrs. W. W. Kelley. 3. Where did they start their mission work ? At Inhambane and at Estcourt, Southeast Africa. 4. Who were the next to go out? Rev. and Mrs. A. D. Noyes and Mary E. Car¬ penter went to Liberia, West Coast, in September of the same year. 5. Who teas our first missionary martyr? Miss Carpenter. This noble young woman died of African fever six weeks after landing in Africa. 151 ] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS 6. How many mission stations have we now in Africa f We have eight regular stations and seventy-eight out stations. Mission work is carried on at all of these stations. 7. Where is our Girls’ Home f At Fair View, Natal. 8. How many village and day schools have we? We have forty-two schools with 722 scholars. 9. In what part of Africa is our mission work? In Southeast Africa. 10. How many missionaries have we on the field now (1914)? About thirty; some others are home on furlough. 11. How many native pastors and teachers have we? Over seventy. 12. W 7 hat are our Juniors doing for Africa? They are supporting two missionaries on the field and several native children. Besides this they are supporting the children of all our missionaries who are on the field. 13. How much money did our Juniors raise for foreign missions last year (1913) ? They raised and sent in $2,447.60. Africa To-day One hundred years ago Africa was only a coast line; its interior was all unknown—a land of dark¬ ness and misery. Now we have a chain of missions from east to west, and missions in the north and [ 52 ] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS south. In all these missions boys and girls are taught of Christ and are being trained to live good and useful lives. Even now some of these young people are going out from the mission schools to tell the gospel story to far away heathen tribes. They are real foreign missionaries. And you, Juniors, by your prayers and money, are helping along this good work. Let us “Haste, oh haste! and spread the tidings Wide to earth’s remotest strand; Let no brother’s bitter chidings Rise against us—when we stand In the judgment— From some far forgotten land."* 1633 Lesson XII l Missionary Program* Singing: “From Greenland’s Icy Mountains.” Responsive Reading: Psalm 96. Leader .—O sing unto the Lord a new song: sing unto the Lord, all the earth. Congregation .—Sing unto the Lord, bless his name; show forth his salvation from day to day. L .—Declare his glory among the heathen, his won¬ ders among all people. C .—For the Lord is great, and greatly to be praised: he is to be feared above all gods. L .—For all the gods of the nations are idols: but the Lord made the heavens. C .—Honor and majesty are before him: strength and beauty are in his sanctuary. L .—Give unto the Lord, O ve kindreds of the people, give unto the Lord glory and strength. C .—Give unto the Lord the glory due unto his name: bring an offering, and come into his courts. L .—O worship the Lord in the beauty of holiness; fear before him, all the earth. ♦This program may be varied to suit the occasion and the need. 155 ] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS C .—Say among the heathen that the Lord reign- eth; the world also shall be established that it shall not be moved: he shall judge the people righteously. L .—Let the heavens rejoice, and let the earth be glad; let the sea roar, and the fulness thereof. G .—Let the field be joyful, and all that is there¬ in; then shall all the trees of the wood rejoice L .—Before the Lord: for he cometh, for he com- eth to judge the earth: he shall judge the world with righteousness, and the people with his truth. Prayer. Singing: “The Comforter has Come” (Missionary Hymns, No. 32). Recitation; Light for Africa Once Africa sat in the darkness, Too blind to unfasten her doors; Not knowing the strength that was in her, Not knowing the wealth of her stores. In lands where the Master was honored A tender compassion was stirred, And many the lives that were given To open those doors to the Word. To-day there is entrance; wide open The doors now invitingly stand, And science and commerce are bearing Their torches across the Dark Land. And Christ, the Redeemer of nations, Is bidding us rise in his might, And carry to Africa’s children The gospel of blessing and light. [ 56 ] — Selected. AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS Give a short sketch of the opening of Africa by the white man. Singing: “Rescue the Perishing.” Recitation: The Little Lad The people followed Christ one day A long way from the town, Till, tired and faint, he bade them stay And on the grass sit down; And there came a little lad With loaves and fishes small, And gave to Jesus what he had, Enough to feed them all. For when the Master blessed and brake, The loaves grew large and fair; The food was sweet for his dear sake To those who feasted there. And as amid the crowd the boy Beheld his gifts increase, He had a new and deeper joy In Christ’s own smile of peace. And when the thousands he had fed Were going home again, Twelve baskets full of fish and bread Were gathered on the plain! And surely at his mother’s side, That night the tale was told, How Jesus blessed and multiplied His gifts a thousandfold. And still Christ takes the children’s store Of loving gift and deed, And uses them for evermore To help the great world’s need; [ 57 ] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS And whoso makes one sad heart glad, Or speaks one healing word, Shall gather, like the little lad, A wonderful reward. —Mary Bowles Jarvis. Recitation: The Story of Old ’Tis a beautiful story the Bible has told, And happy the children who know The way that leads up to that city of gold And the door Jesus opened below. But what of the children who never have known Of this way to the happy land? Who are bowing to idols of wood and of stone Which in heathen temples stand? They tell me of homes so sad and so drear Far over the ocean-wave; No welcome is found for a daughter there, Not a flower for a baby’s grave. Yet Jesus has left the same blessing for them Which rests on my own little head : Isn’t somebody going to tell them of him. And all my dear Savior has said? Yes, yes; we must tell that sweet story of old Till all the poor heathen shall know Jesus calls little children like lambs to his fold, And shows them the way they must go. Give a short account of David Livingstone’s work in Africa. Singing: “All Hail the Power of Jesus’ name.” 158 ] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS Recitation: Mites Only a few little pennies— Shall I offer them unto my Lord? When thousands of dollars are needed To scatter abroad His blest Word? But God took the few little pennies And sent them with blessing and love, To purchase his own blessed Bible, Which tells men of heaven above. It was placed in the hands of a woman, Who lived in a dark heathen land, And it led her to turn from her idols, And follow the Savior’s command. Only my heart—’tis so childish— Will he want to bother with me, While wise men of learning and culture Are coming and bending the knee? But the heart—Oh, the Lord is so anxious For childlike, pure hearts to be given, And says, in His own blessed Bible, “Of such is the kingdom of heaven.” Only a small bit of service— Will this be of use to my King? When lives are in sacrifice needed, The world to his footstool to bring;— But the service, so small and so simple, He blessed with his power from above, Until through its influence, many Had yielded their lives to his love. He who took the five loaves and two fishes And with them the multitude fed, Can take the small mites that we offer, And use them to send living Bread. — Selected. [ 59 ] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS Singing: “I Gave My Life for Thee.” Collection. Recitation: Our Heroes They went by command of no earthly king, They followed no captain here; Yet an order clear as a trumpet call, Fell on each listening ear. “Lord, what wilt thou have me to do?” they prayed, And swiftly the answer came, “Go seek thy brothers on Afric’s shore, They perish in darkness, their need is sore; Go tell them of Jesus’ name. “Go tell of the Father’s wondrous love, How he gave his only Son; How the Savior left his home above To ransom them every one. Tell of his wondrous life on earth, Of the tender words he spake; Tell that he rose from the dead and the fight did win, And their sleeping souls will wake.” O! gladly they followed their King’s behest, Fearlessly crossed the sea. Yet they little dreamed that in Afric’s land So brief would their labor be. But the summons came from the King they loved, And they knew His will was best. They laid down the task they had just begun; They put off the armor so late put on, And peacefully sank to rest. Calmly they sleep by the Congo’s stream, Mid those they yearned to save; [ 60 ] AFRICA—MISSION STUDY FOR JUNIORS Yet a voice still speaks to the black man’s heart, As he stands by the white man’s grave, Telling of patient toil and care, And of tender sympathy; Leading their thoughts, through the human love, To the Father of black and white, above, To the Savior of bond and free. Were they not heroes? These men I sing, So tender, so true, and brave; O! who will finish the task they left To rest in the peaceful grave? Ah! we know the heroes will never fail, Till the heathen are gathered home; Till the Afric joins in the glorious song, Till the whole wide earth shall to Christ belong, Till the Kingdom of God is come. — Selected. Missionary Pledge (In concert) Because my heart is in this work, I promise to pray every day for the salvation of the heathen. I promise to give what I can to send them the gospel. I promise, if God calls me, to go myself and carry them the gospel. Singing: “We’ll Girdle the Globe with Salva¬ tion” (Missionary Hymns, No. 47). [ 61 ] I I