The 
 
 Churches of Christ in America 
 
 AND 
 
 International Peace 
 
 Presented by 
 
 Rev. CHARLES S. MACFARLAND, Ph.D. 
 
 Secretary of the 
 
 Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America 
 
 AT THE 
 
 CHURCH PEACE CONFERENCE 
 
 Constance, Germany 
 
 August 2, 1914 
 
 Printed by 
 
 THE CHURCH PEACE UNION 
 
The Churches of Christ in America 
 
 AND 
 
 International Peace 
 
 Presented (in English and German) by 
 
 Rev. CHARLES S. MACFARLAND, Ph.D. 
 Secretary of the 
 
 Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America 
 
 AT THE 
 
 CHURCH PEACE CONFERENCE 
 Constance, Germany 
 
 August 2, 1914 
 
The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ 
 
 in America 
 
 The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America is 
 an officially constituted federation of thirty evangelical denomina¬ 
 tions. It includes 138,000 churches, with 17,000,000 church mem¬ 
 bers. 
 
 CONSTITUENCY 
 
 Its constituent bodies are as follows: 
 
 The Baptist Churches, North 
 
 The National Baptist Convention (colored) 
 
 The Free Baptist Churches 
 The Christian Church 
 The Congregational Churches 
 The Disciples of Christ 
 
 The Friends d 
 
 The German Evangelical Synod 
 The Evangelical Association 
 
 The Evangelical Lutheran Church, General Synod 
 
 The Mennonite Church 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church, South 
 
 The African M. E. Church 
 
 The African M. E. Zion Church 
 
 The Colored M. E. Church in America 
 
 The Methodist Protestant Church 
 
 The Moravian Church 
 
 The Presbyterian Church in the 17. S. A. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church in the U. S. (South) 
 
 The Protestant Episcopal Church (Commissions on Christian 
 Unity and Social Service) 
 
 The Reformed Church in America 
 The Reformed Church in U. S. 
 
 The Reformed Episcopal Church 
 
 The Reformed Presbyterian Church, General Synod 
 
 3 
 
The Seventh Day Baptist Church 
 The United Brethren Chnrch 
 The United Evangelical Chnrch 
 The United Presbyterian Chnrch 
 The Welsh Presbyterian Church 
 
 The preamble to the Constitution reads as follows: “In the 
 providence of God, the time has come when it seems fitting more 
 fully to manifest the essential oneness of the Christian Churches 
 of America, in Jesus Christ as their Divine Lord and Saviour, 
 and to promote the spirit of fellowship, service and co-operation 
 among them.” 
 
 ORGANIZATION 
 
 The Federal Council meets quadrennially and consists of about 
 four hundred qualified delegates officially elected by the various 
 denominational assemblies or other constituted authorities. 
 
 Its Executive Committee consists of about ninety of these 
 delegates and acts for the Council during the Quadrennium be¬ 
 tween its sessions, holding annual meetings. 
 
 The Executive Committee has an Administrative Committee, 
 holding regular monthly meetings, which acts for the Executive 
 Committee between its sessions. 
 
 The national office and its executives, under the Administrative 
 Committee, carry on the continuous work of the Council. 
 
 INTERNATIONAL PEACE AS ONE OF THE OBJECTIVES 
 
 At the preliminary Council in New York in 1905, at which 
 the objects of the proposed federation were set forth, Hon. Chief 
 Justice David J. Brewer struck the note of International Peace 
 in these words: 
 
 “The longing of humanity has been for peace on earth. That was 
 the song of the angels at Bethlehem, and the more that song stirs the 
 hearts of men the nearer will be the glad day. This nation, where the 
 people rule, should ever be strong for peace, for the burden and curse of 
 war rest upon them. The united voice of the Christian Church of America, 
 the united effort of all denominations, would compel the government to 
 take a higher position. Do not turn the peace movement over to the 
 Quakers alone. Let us all catch the sweet echoes of Bethlehem’s song, and, 
 as one, affirm that the time has come when the sword shall be turned 
 into the ploughshare and the spear into the pruning hook. Our country 
 
 4 
 
in many respects has a noble record. The grand declaration of Secretary 
 Hay that American diplomacy is founded on the Golden Rule lifted this 
 nation into a higher position as a world power than the victories at 
 Manilla and Santiago de Cuba. The great triumphal peace between Russia 
 and Japan was largely due to our chief executive. Yet, notwithstanding 
 all this, we cannot be oblivious to the fact that there is much itching for 
 more and larger battleships, and the ‘pride, pomp and circumstance of 
 glorious war’ still make a large appeal to many. We love the power that 
 is material. As against the war spirit I invoke the spirit of the Master. 
 As against the call for battleships I invoke the action of a united Church, 
 and I am sure that a Federation of all the Churches will soon make it 
 plain that as for this nation there must be no longer war nor a getting 
 ready for war.” 
 
 At the final organization in Philadelphia in 1908 a Committee 
 on International Relations, of which the Hon. Henry Wade Rogers 
 was the chairman, presented a report which was unanimously 
 adopted as follows:' 
 
 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 
 
 “It is the mission of the Church to extend the Kingdom of God upon 
 the earth, and to maintain the righteousness that exalteth a nation. The 
 morality that ought to govern the conduct of nations is not different from 
 the morality that ought to govern the conduct of individuals. That there 
 are two codes of morality, one for public and the other for private life, 
 one for nations and another for individuals, is a sentiment so utterly false 
 and contrary to Christianity, that it must always receive the indignant 
 denial of the Churches. 
 
 “In recent years a most hopeful and inspiring movement has been 
 under way in many different parts of the world. If successful, as no 
 doubt in the end it will be, International Law will be administered by an 
 International Court and nations, no more than individuals, will be per¬ 
 mitted to settle their disputes by force. When that day comes Inter¬ 
 national Law will be more in harmony than it. now is with the spirit and 
 teachings of our Lord Jesus Christ, by Whom were all the things in 
 heaven and earth created, thrones, dominions, principalities and powers. 
 
 “The time has certainly come when the Christian Churches throughout 
 the length and breadth of Christendom should pronounce anathema upon 
 the heresy of war. 
 
 “If nations are to abolish war then some substitute for war must be 
 found by which states can settle those international differences which can¬ 
 not be adjusted through the channels of diplomacy. There is but one 
 substitute for war and that is the doctrine of arbitration. 
 
 “The problem is a perplexing one. Nations feel compelled to increase 
 their armaments because their neighbors are augmenting theirs and they 
 want to be prepared for emergencies. 
 
 5 
 
“The one practical course which seems open to the friends of peace is 
 to make increased efforts to create a public sentiment throughout, the 
 world in condemnation of the existing conditions as to armaments and of 
 the vast and burdensome expenditures which these conditions involve. The 
 movement for a limitation of armaments must go on, and a way must be 
 found by which the nations can reach some agreement upon the subject. 
 
 “Metternich thought the question of disarmament should be regarded 
 from a moral and material point of view, and he regarded the moral 
 point as granted. The Churches must take it for granted too. They 
 cannot acquiesce without protest in the ever-increasing expenditures for 
 armaments and excuse their silence in a temper of futile fatalism without 
 confessing themselves enemies of progress and reform and unfaithful fol¬ 
 lowers of the Prince of Peace. 
 
 “And while the Churches are particularly interested from a moral 
 point of view in the question of the limitation of armaments, they cannot 
 be uninterested in it from a material point of view. Regarding the matter 
 purely in its material aspects these vast expenditures constitute a gigantic 
 evil, exhausting as they do the resources of nations and imposing enormous 
 debts which retard the true development of States. The annual expend¬ 
 itures for armaments, of the civilized nations of the world, is now esti¬ 
 mated to be somewhere between £400,000,000 and £500,000,000. The cost of 
 a single first-class battleship is about ten million dollars. To maintain 
 and navigate it costs per year nearly a million dollars more. The cost 
 of a single coast defense gun, capable of sinking a ship at a distance of 
 twelve or fifteen miles is not less than seventy thousand dollars, and 
 the cost of firing it is about one thousand dollars, and its life is said 
 to be limited to less than a hundred discharges, when it has to be for the 
 most part reconstructed. 
 
 “But the practical question for this body is what can the Churches do 
 to aid the movement for the abolition of war? In answering that question 
 it is necessary to remember that the world is governed by public opinion. 
 Those who manage affairs of government do not lead public opinion. They 
 follow and obey it. In no country is public opinion so powerful as in 
 the United States. And the public opinion of this country will exert more 
 influence, probably, than that of any other one country, in shaping the 
 opinions of this century and therefore the conduct of the nations of the 
 world. Every great reform is to be worked out by educating public opin¬ 
 ion. The answer to the question we have propounded is simple. Let the 
 Churches educate public opinion. The greatest moral influence in the coun¬ 
 try should be the pulpit. The abolition of war, like slavery, and polygamy, 
 and intemperance, is a great moral question. It is not a question to be left 
 solely to Peace Societies, to Chambers of Commerce, and to Peace Confer¬ 
 ences. The Churches should exert their influence through the pulpit and 
 through the religious press to awaken the public conscience and create a 
 universal demand for the abolition of war, for a limitation of armaments, 
 and for an International Court of Arbitral Justice. The responsibility rests 
 upon the pew as well as upon the pulpit. Every Church member in his 
 place must do his part in the great work. He should be an agent in creat- 
 
 6 
 
ing in liis own particular sphere of influence a right public opinion on this 
 subject. The Churches may well adopt the practice now observed in Great 
 Britain and in some parts of Continental Europe and observe the Sunday 
 before Christmas as Peace Sunday, and thereby inculcate the great lessons 
 of peace on earth and good will to men. 
 
 “In considering what may be done to aid the cause of peace mention 
 must be made of the service which can be rendered through the »reat 
 societies of young people which many of the denominations have estab¬ 
 lished for the purpose of training the young men and women in the way 
 of duty and of Christian service, and with the view of making them 
 loyal and efficient members of the Church of Christ. If the Churches are 
 to labor more earnestly for peace these young people’s societies should 
 do the same. They may become among the most powerful agencies in 
 existence for the development of the movement for the abolition of war, 
 and through them the youth of the nation may be trained in a better 
 understanding of the general interests of humanity and in a more correct 
 conception of the relations of the nations to each other. Connected with 
 the Churches represented in this Council are the Young People’s Society 
 of Christian Endeavor, the Epworth League, the Baptist Young People’s 
 Union of America, the United Society of Free Baptist Young People, the 
 Luther League of America, the Brotherhood of St. Andrew, the Brother¬ 
 hood of Andrew and Philip, and the Young People’s Christian Union of 
 the Church of the United Brethren in Christ. The Young People’s Society 
 of Christian Endeavor has its societies in Canada, Australia, Great Britain, 
 China, India and Japan, as well as in all missionary lands. 
 
 “These organizations may well be advised that the Churches desire their 
 co-operation in bringing about the abolition of war and in securing the 
 settlement of international differences through arbitration. Their atten¬ 
 tion may well be directed to the desirability of recognizing the 18th of 
 May as a Peace Day. That day, as the anniversary of the opening of 
 the Hague Conference, is coming to be recognized in this country and in 
 Europe. It is observed by the Chautauqua Circles all over the land. In 
 1907 it was observed in the schools of ten States on the recommendation 
 of the Superintendents of Public Instruction. Its observance has been 
 recommended by the National Commissioner of Education. The president 
 of the National Educational Association in 1907 made a like recom¬ 
 mendation in his annual address. The reasons which justify the observ¬ 
 ance of the day by the schools apply with equal force and, perhaps, with 
 greater force to its observance by the Young People’s Societies. 
 
 “It is also desirable that the attention of the Young Men’s Christian 
 Associations should be directed to the importance of this subject and their 
 co-operation enlisted in the movement. There are about eight thousand of 
 these associations in the world, of which about two thousand are in this 
 country, with a membership of about five hundred thousand. These asso¬ 
 ciations have an International Committee with headquarters in New Zork. 
 There is also a World’s Committee with headquarters in Geneva, Switzer¬ 
 land. The latter committee is composed of members representing America, 
 Australia, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, Great Britain, France, 
 
 7 
 
Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Spain, South 
 Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, Japan, and India. These associations should 
 be requested in all countries in which they exist to recognize Hague Day 
 and at other times and in such manner as they may determine to em¬ 
 phasize among their members the wrongfulness and folly of war and the 
 rightfulness and wisdom of International Arbitration.” 
 
 We recommend the adoption of the following resolution: 
 
 “Resolved, That the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in 
 America, assembled in the City of Philadelphia and representing more 
 than seventeen millions of communicants in the Evangelical Churches of 
 America, makes the following declarations: 
 
 “1. It declares its conviction that war is evil and that Christian 
 nations should determine by obligatory arbitration the international dif¬ 
 ferences which cannot be settled by diplomacy. For Christian States in the 
 Twentieth Century to refuse to arbitrate and to insist on war will be to 
 bring reproach on the Christian name. 
 
 “2. It favors the creation of the International Court of Arbitral Jus¬ 
 tice proposed by the Second Hague Conference, and hopes that the Govern¬ 
 ment of the United States will promote its establishment and that at the 
 earliest possible day. 
 
 “3. It is opposed to increase of armaments and deplores the failure of 
 the Hague Conferences to come to an agreement upon this all-important 
 subject. 
 
 “4. It has learned with much satisfaction that the Government of 
 the United States has recently entered into treaties of arbitration with 
 some of the nations and it trusts that without unnecessary delay other 
 treaties of arbitration may be made with other States. It regrets that 
 it seemed to the contracting powers to be desirable to limit, the existence 
 of these treaties to five years and to restrict the subjects to be arbitrated 
 to the somewhat narrow limits which the treaties define.” 
 
 We also recommend the adoption of the following resolution: 
 
 “Resolved, That the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in 
 America makes the following recommendation to the Evangelical Churches 
 of America represented in this body: 
 
 “ ‘That the Churches throughout, the United States, adopting the 
 recommendation originally made by the British Peace Society to the 
 Churches of Great Britain, observe in each year the Sunday before Christ¬ 
 mas as Peace Sunday.’ 
 
 “And that the above action is taken in the hope that in all the 
 world Christian Churches of whatever name will observe the same day as 
 Peace Sunday.” 
 
 We also recommend the adoption of the following resolution: 
 
 “Resolved, That the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in 
 America recommend to the various societies of young people connected with 
 the Evangelical denominations represented in this body that they in each 
 year recognize as Hague Day the 18th of May, and have on that day in all 
 their chapters as far as possible a consideration of the subject of peace.” 
 
 8 
 
RELATIONS WITH THE CHURCHES IN EUROPE 
 
 In the summer of 1911 I was commissioned by the Federal 
 Council to confer with representatives of the Councils of Churches 
 in the British and German Empires, holding several conferences 
 with Mr. J. Allen Baker, M.P., in London; Dr. F. A. Spiecker 
 and Herr Licentiate F. Siegmund-Schultze in Berlin; with Rev. 
 F. B. Meyer, Honorary Secretary of the Free Church Council of 
 Great Britain; and other representatives of the churches in Europe. 
 
 One of the plans considered was the one which we more than 
 fulfill here in Constance, that of a Conference of the Churches of 
 Europe and America. 
 
 THE FEDERAL COUNCIL COMMISSION ON PEACE 
 
 AND ARBITRATION 
 
 The work of the Federal Council is largely carried on through 
 commissions, and in 1911 a special commission was appointed on 
 International Peace and Arbitration. 
 
 At the Second Quadrennial Council this Commission reported 
 as follows, its recommendations all being adopted unanimously: 
 
 REPORT OF THE COMMISSION ON PEACE AND 
 ARBITRATION IN 1912 
 
 THE CHURCH AND THE NEW INTERNATIONALISM 
 
 The Federal Council has, from its inception, evinced great sympathy 
 with the rapidly growing movement for the substitution of judicial 
 methods for war in the settlement of disputes between nations. At its 
 national gathering it has passed strong resolutions, and in times of crisis 
 its executive committee has both passed resolutions and used its influence 
 at Washington in favor of international peace. The Council has recognized 
 from the beginning that a religion which teaches that all men have the 
 same Father and are therefore of one blood is impelled to protest unceas¬ 
 ingly against an institution which in almost every instance contradicts this 
 fundamental teaching of the gospel. It has also recognized and emphasized 
 from the beginning that membership in the Kingdom of Christ bound 
 men together in the strongest unity of all, and that war among Christians 
 was a violation of this unity and destructive of the very Kingdom to 
 which they belonged. In war, men are tearing down the home of their 
 own souls. 
 
 Believing, then, that war, as a means of settlement of international 
 disputes is anti-Christian in its very nature, the Federal Council has always 
 insisted that leadership in the cause of international arbitration sho*ld be 
 
 9 
 
assumed by the churches. It has saved the churches of America from the 
 imputation so frequently cast upon the European churches, that in the 
 face of the most horrible atrocities it has been silent. It has saved the 
 churches of America from the taunt so frequently heard in Europe, and 
 recently echoed by Lord Balfour: “On trifles the Church is eloquent, but 
 on great moral issues she says nothing.” It has prevented the question 
 being asked in America that has recently been asked throughout Germany. 
 When, two years ago, rumors of war between France and Germany and 
 England and Germany reached that stage that one uncautious or unwise 
 move would have plunged these nations into catastrophic battle, an hundred 
 thousand members of the Social Democratic party—mostly workingmen— 
 met in the great square in Berlin and emphatically protested not only 
 against war, but against, war talk. Immediately all over Europe arose the 
 question: “Splendid, but where were the churches?” The Federal Council 
 has always been first in America to speak, and it has left no room for 
 such scornful words to be heard in our great land. 
 
 APPOINTMENT OF THE COMMISSION 
 
 Believing as it did, that the Church should lead in the movement for 
 bringing nations under the same great Christian principles that govern the 
 relations of individuals in the Kingdom of Christ; believing that there 
 cannot be a. double standard of ethics in the Republic of God, one for men 
 and another for groups of men, and believing that the peace movement had 
 assumed a place of chief importance in the great reform movements of 
 the day, the officers had for some time been preparing for the organizing 
 of a permanent Commission on Peace and Arbitration, modelled on the 
 successful Commission on the Church and Social Service. When the 
 President of the United States submitted practically unlimited treaties 
 of arbitration with Great Britain and France to the United States, the 
 opportune time came to create this Commission. On October 17, 1911, it 
 was appointed with the following members: 
 
 Rev. Junius B. Remensnyder, D.D., Chairman; Hon. Samuel B. Capen, 
 LL.D.; James M. Farrar, D.D.; Rt. Rev. David H. Greer, D.D.; Bishop 
 Edwin H. Hughes, D.D; Charles E. Jefferson, D.D.; J. H. Jowett, D.D.; 
 Chancellor J. H. Kirkland, LL.D.; Bishop W. R. Lambuth, D.D.; Hon. 
 William M. Lanning; Rev. Frederick Lynch, D.D.; Rev. G. A. Miller; Mr. 
 Frank Morrison; Mr. John A. Patten; Hon. Henry Kirke Porter, M.C.; 
 Bishop William A. Quayle, D.D.; Henry Wade Rogers, LL.D.; Rev. L. E. 
 Sellers; Mr. L. H. Severance; Albert K. Smiley, LL.D.; Benjamin F. 
 Trueblood, LL.D.; Bishop Alexander Walters, D.D.; Mr. James Wood. 
 
 These members constitute the Commission at the present time, with 
 the exception of Judge Lanning, whose death we record with sorrow and 
 whose service would have added greatly to the effectiveness of the Com¬ 
 mission. 
 
 They were duly appointed by the President of the Council, Bishop 
 Hendrix, upon recommendation of the Executive Committee, to serve until 
 this Quadrennial Council could take action appointing such a body as one 
 of the permament Commissions of the Council. 
 
 10 
 
These men responded heartily to the call for immediate work, and in 
 co-operation with the agencies of the Carnegie Endowment for International 
 Peace, soon succeeded in reaching every church in the United States with 
 resolutions and with appeals to the United States Senate. That half of 
 that conservative body was persuaded to take the radical step of voting 
 for an unqualified treaty was largely due, we have reasons to believe, to 
 the work of this Commission. There is no doubt that had it not been 
 for political jealousies, and the active opposition of Mr. Roosevelt to un¬ 
 limited treaties, the treaties would have been ratified by a large majority, 
 instead of having been emasculated because of one deciding vote. Of 
 one thing we are sure, the churches of the United States desired the 
 treaties. They flooded Congress with petitions and personal letters. 
 
 The treaties were not ratified, but the special work of the Commission 
 has secured great and permanent results. It has awakened thousands of 
 ministers of all denominations to the importance of the Peace Movement. 
 The Commission secured thousands of sermons on arbitration, and the 
 establishment of a permanent Supreme Court, of Nations. Mrs. Elmer 
 Black, of her own initiative, and at her own personal expense, secured 
 several thousand sermons at the same time on her “Unity Sunday.” The 
 New York Peace Society also addressed all the churches. With both Mrs. 
 Black and the New York Peace Society, the Commission worked in heartiest 
 and active co-operation. It is increasingly evident to the Commission, from 
 its correspondence and from reports in the press, that because of these 
 efforts the clergy of the land have been aroused to a lasting interest in 
 international good-will. 
 
 ORGANIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT 
 
 Immediately following this, at a meeting of the Commission called 
 May 13, 1912, by the National Officers of the Federal Council, the Coun¬ 
 cil’s Secretary, Dr. Macfarland, made the announcement that Mrs. Black 
 had expressed great pleasure with the work done under purely voluntary 
 organization, and that through Mr. Lynch of the Commission, she offered 
 $5,000 for its work, with the understanding that it should organize for 
 effective service. 
 
 A tentative Committee of Direction, consisting of Chairman Remen- 
 snyder, Dr. Henry M. Sanders, Dr. R. D. Lord and Secretary Macfarland, 
 was elected to proceed with immediate development. The entire proceed¬ 
 ings were unanimously approved by a referendum vote of the Commission. 
 
 Secretary Lynch was the immediate and unanimous choice of the Com¬ 
 mission to develop a work in which he has already had such conspicuous 
 success. His recent book, “The Peace Problem,” was having a wide sale 
 and large use as a book of instruction in classes. Dr. Lynch, following 
 his graduation at Yale University and its Divinity School, was a suc¬ 
 cessful pastor and preacher, and while in the pastorate in New York 
 City, was identified with many National and International Movements, 
 especially with those for the furtherance of International Peace. He was 
 a delegate to the International Peace Congress at Munich in 1908 and to 
 the International Peace Congress at London in 1909, and represented the 
 
 11 
 
New 7ork Peace Society at the Second Hague Conference. He has also 
 been a delegate to all the National Peace Conferences in the United States. 
 
 He is President of the American-Scandinavian Foundation, a Director 
 of the New York Peace Society, and is also upon the directorate of many 
 other important movements for social uplift. 
 
 As associate editor of the Christian Work and Evangelist, and as a 
 wide contributor to other papers and magazines, he had, as editor and 
 author, established himself in a leading place in the Peace Movement, and 
 his appointment received universal assent. 
 
 The resources of the Commission, as fast as secured, are being used 
 in securing the services of the Secretary and assistants and for the 
 distribution of literature, and the placing of editorials and suggestive news 
 in the religious papers of the land, securing addresses in churches and in 
 correspondence. Copies of Mrs. Black’s brochure “Civilize the Nations ’’ 
 have been judiciously distributed, and Mr. Carnegie has, of his own action, 
 bought large numbers of the Secretary’s volume, written with clergymen 
 especially in mind, “The Peace Problem,” and sent them with his com¬ 
 pliments to the clergy of New York. The Secretary has written and 
 secured articles which have appeared almost weekly in various papers of 
 the land. Perhaps the most valuable work of all has been the corre¬ 
 spondence. The Secretary has received daily letters from ministers of all 
 denominations asking for information and suggestions. The answering of 
 these has required much labor, and has been, perhaps, the most fruitful 
 work. Our Secretary has also preached every Sunday of 1912, excepting in 
 the summer days, in large churches of New Y"ork and elsewhere, on inter¬ 
 national peace. 
 
 The Secretary spent the months of September and October in Europe, 
 meeting the influential peace workers of the various nations, representing 
 the Federal Council Commission at the great congresses of the Inter¬ 
 parliamentary Union and of International Peace at Geneva, and especially 
 conferring with the leaders of the peace movement in the churches of 
 Great Britain and Germany. For in these two nations the churches are 
 also being aroused to the momentousness of the peace movement. There 
 already exist some 6,000 members in the Church Peace League of Great 
 Britain and the clergy of the two nations, Great Britain and Germany, 
 are working together most earnestly to promote good-will between the two 
 nations. These conferences of the Secretary had been preceded by other 
 conferences with these men the preceding summer, by Dr. Macfarland in 
 England and Germany, and by other members of the Commission with 
 representatives of the English and German churches on their visits to 
 America. There is the most imperative need that the Churches of America 
 work in heartiest co-operation with the churches of these two great nations. 
 They need us, and we need them. 
 
 Several luncheon Conferences have been held during the year in New 
 York, including one to the Hon. J. Allan Baker, M.P., of London, Secretary 
 of the Committee on Friendly Relations with Germany, in connection with 
 the Church Peace Movement, and another to Baron Edouard de Neufville, 
 Member of the German Committee on Friendly Relations with England. 
 
 12 
 
Such personal intervisitation is a very helpful factor in the whole 
 work, and should be encouraged and continued. 
 
 FUTURE PLANS 
 
 The Commission now faces 1913, and has the following immediate 
 tasks before it: 
 
 1. The formation of a Church Peace League in America. The Federal 
 Council is in itself, of course, a great peace society of the churches of the 
 nation, and in times of crisis will speak for all of the churches. But we 
 desire to enroll the names of those ministers and church workers who are 
 especially interested in the movement and who will promise to preach 
 annual sermons on the subject and who desire to receive the excellent lit¬ 
 erature published by the various peace agencies of Washington and New 
 York. First steps for the formation of this League have already been 
 taken. Mrs. Elmer Black of New York has kindly offered to lend it her 
 personal and financial support. The Secretary of the League is the Secre¬ 
 tary of the Commission, and he would be glad to enroll any minister or 
 church worker who will send his name and signify his desire to become 
 a member. For the present there will be no fee. 
 
 2. The Commission desires to make greater and greater use of the 
 religious press. The hearty co-operation of editors is earnestly desired. 
 They have already shown much interest in the movement. We intend to 
 send them only such material as any paper will be glad to print. But as 
 the Federal Council of Churches more and more becomes representative of 
 the varied interests of the churches, it will have to look to the religious 
 press to become the medium of communication between the two. 
 
 3. The Commission hopes to be able to become the clearing house of 
 the Peace Movement for the Churches. It will gladly answer all letters 
 referring to the subject, up to its ability, and it hopes to have such funds 
 available as will enable it to send literature to any minister writing for it. 
 
 4. The Commission hopes to be able to answer favorably, more and 
 more, the requests for addresses in the churches. 
 
 5. There seems to be a widespread feeling, since the project was first 
 suggested, that it might be a desirable thing to hold a great meeting of 
 the churches of the world at the Hague, immediately preceding the Third 
 Hague Conference. The Commission is carefully considering the suggestion. 
 
 In closing this report, the Commission wishes to bear testimony to the 
 enthusiastic support the peace cause has always received from the Cor¬ 
 responding Secretary of the Federal Council, Dr. Sanford, and the hearty 
 co-operation the Commission has enjoyed from him. 
 
 It is recommended that the Council take such action as is necessary, 
 making this a permanent Commission which shall be empowered to fully 
 represent the Council in this important mission of the Churches of Christ. 
 
 In conclusion, the Commission would beg to be allowed to make the 
 following recommendations to the Churches of the United States: 
 
 1. We urgently request, in view of the fact that the world is looking 
 to the churches for leadership in the Peace Movement, that every church 
 
 13 
 
devote one Sunday in the year to the consideration of international good¬ 
 will. Many of our churches are already using the Sunday nearest May 18th, 
 the date of the calling of the First Hague Conference, as Peace Sunday, 
 since the public schools of the land quite generally observe that day. Other 
 churches are observing the Sunday before Christmas as Peace Sunday. We 
 would suggest sermons by the pastor and peace exercises by the children. 
 The Peace Commission will gladly furnish literature on this subject. 
 
 2. We would ask the pastors and members of our churches to watch 
 closely the action of the Congress of the United States, whenever measures 
 are introduced looking toward international good-will or vice versa, and 
 that they write personal letters to the senators and congressmen from their 
 state and district, urging that they vote from the Christian point of 
 view. Such letters have great weight. 
 
 3. We believe that the time has come when civilization must make 
 choice between two ways for the future; the way of statesmanship, or 
 the way of battleship; the old way of settling disputes by force or by 
 the new way of settling them by justice. So far we have lived by the 
 old way almost exclusively. There are many who are now clamoring that 
 we persist forever in that way. “Arm,” they say, “for there is no other 
 way.” In our time, a great throng of noble men, prophets, statesmen, 
 teachers, poets, yes, business men and men of all callings, have seen the 
 vision of the new way, the way of the Lord, the way of brotherhood, 
 justice and good-will. They are demanding that we choose international 
 tribunals, arbitration treaties, and such judicial methods as Christian 
 men practice among themselves. The choice must be made soon, and once 
 for all, or militarism will gain the day. We call upon the Christian men 
 and women of the nation to rise at this time and demand that all nations 
 learn again the first principles of the teachings of Jesus Christ, that mem¬ 
 bership in his Kingdom should so bind them together in mutual love and 
 mutual antagonism to the common foes of God and man, that the thought 
 of engaging with each other in deadly combat shall become abhorrent and 
 impossible forever. 
 
 4. The whole world has been shocked and horrified at the carnage 
 and devastation of the war between the Balkan States and Turkey. While 
 this war is more of the nature of a civil war and is the uprising of op¬ 
 pressed peoples to throw off a no longer endurable yoke, yet there is a 
 feeling among many students of international politics, that had there been 
 a permanent supreme court of nations, with a united Europe behind it and 
 with power to enforce its decisions, that even this war, far removed as it is 
 from the disputes that would generally come before a permanent court of 
 justice, might have been averted and Turkey compelled to have enforced 
 her promised reforms. The Christian churches of the world should demand 
 in universal and unanimous voice that the Third Hague Conference, create 
 as its one chief task, a permanent court, representative of the nations of 
 the world, to which oppressed peoples may go for justice, and to which all 
 disputes now settled by war may be carried by the nations of the earth. 
 
 14 
 
5. We present the following comprehensive resolution: The Council 
 favors the organization of a Church Peace League in America, the annual 
 observance of Peace Sunday by the churches, and the memorializing of the 
 Third Hague Conference in behalf of the establishment of a permanent 
 court of international justice and the adoption of such other measures as 
 shall render war unnecessary and impossible. It calls upon Christian men 
 and women to unite in a demand that the teaching and spirit of Jesus be 
 applied in international relations by our national Congress and Department 
 of State. 
 
 Said James A. MacDonald of the Toronto Globe , addressing 
 the Federal Council on this occasion: 
 
 “The crisis in the world situation requires that the churches of 
 America shall Christianize not only the nations and peoples, but shall 
 civilize and Christianize international relations. America, Britain, Ger¬ 
 many—these three great nations calling themselves Christians, are in their 
 international areas still half civilized and half Pagan. They all subscribe 
 to the doctrines of international peace and pay dignified respect to the 
 theory of independent international arbitration, but as an aid to diplomacy 
 even among themselves they maintain huge and costly armies and navies. 
 
 “As a Canadian I make appeal to this great Federal Council of 
 
 American Christianity. Is not the time come for the redemption of di¬ 
 
 plomacy from studied deceit? Is it not pathetic that the three great 
 Protestant countries are foremost in the mad race of armament? 
 
 “Who is to take unmistakable stand for a national honor nobler than 
 the honor of the heathen and the barbarian? Surely America. Here 
 it was the oppressed of Europe and Asia found their new hope. This new 
 nation should lead the new way. 
 
 “In America’s power for the peace of the world, Canada must also 
 count for one. Nay, more. If the United States really means to do the 
 greatest thing in world politics, Canada will count for more than one. 
 
 Canada stands on this continent the bond of union between the mother 
 
 country and the sister republic, the greatest empire and the greatest 
 republic in all history. And this is Canada’s ambition, to hold these twain 
 in one pact of peace, pledged not to each other alone, but to all the 
 world in the service of world honor, of world freedom and of world peace. 
 
 “And not America and Britain alone, but Germany as well. Surely 
 it is time the Teuton blood in these three nations proved itself thicker 
 than water. Surely the common heritage in the faith and life of the 
 Reformation is stronger to bind than is vulgar and selfish ambition to 
 break? Is it not time you joined hands with your brethren to lift this 
 insufferable mountain of international suspicion and fear forever out of 
 the way? The churches of America, Britain and Germany can create a 
 Triple Alliance of Christian Peace against which the powers of darkness 
 cannot prevail. 
 
 “And if America, Britain and Germany, then France, that has long 
 been ready, and Japan that waits to lead the East. It can be done if the 
 
 15 
 
Churches of Christ but believe in the Christ they profess and stand loyal 
 to the Evangel He came to proclaim. His ideal, His standard, His motive, 
 His inspiration—make these to prevail in men and in nations, and the 
 social problem on the world scale will be solved. To do this thing is at once 
 the duty and the hope of the forces of the Church as gathered in the Federal 
 Council of the Churches of Christ in America.” 
 
 RELATIONS WITH MEXICO 
 
 The moment it became apparent that there was danger of war 
 with Mexico the Commission on Peace and Arbitration called its 
 members together by telegram on April 21, and sent forth its utter¬ 
 ance in these words: 
 
 “We, representatives of the federated forces of seventeen million Chris¬ 
 tians in the United States, desire to put on record our steadfast friend¬ 
 ship for the Mexican people, and to express our sympathy with them in the 
 disorders which now trouble their country. That a way out of their dis¬ 
 tresses may be found is our earnest and constant hope. We wish them 
 prosperity and peace. 
 
 “We wish further to express our conviction that the thought of war 
 between Mexico and the United States is abhorrent to the vast majority of 
 our people. The citizens of our Republic want no war with our southern 
 neighbor, nor do they desire to dominate it, or to interfere with its internal 
 affairs, but on the other hand they desire cordial relations and friendly 
 intercourse. 
 
 “We rejoice that in our President and our Secretary of State we have 
 men who are lovers of peace, and whose purpose it is to maintain peace, 
 if at all possible, not only with Mexico but with all the nations of the 
 earth. That the purpose of our President and his Councillors shall be 
 carried out is not only our hope, but our confident expectation. 
 
 “We wish to assure our representatives and senators at Washington 
 that the voices clamoring for war do not represent the sentiment of the 
 sane and substantial people of our Republic, and we would remind them 
 that the few newspapers which would hurry the government to extreme 
 measures are voicing the wishes, not of patriotic and disinterested citizens, 
 but of mischiefmakers and of certain vested interests whose aggrandizement 
 is furthered by war. 
 
 “ ‘Blessed are the peacemakers’—so we believe—and we are confident 
 that the glory of the present administration will be enhanced and its fame 
 augmented, not by the slaughter of tens of thousands of the young men 
 of the two republics, but by the peaceful solution of a difficult and vexing 
 problem, by the forbearance and long-suffering and calm wisdom of a 
 Christian statesmanship.” 
 
 It was 
 
 “Voted, That the Secretary, Rev. Charles S. Macfarland, be in¬ 
 structed to convey these resolutions to the President of the United States 
 both by telegram and letter; that they also be conveyed to the Secretary 
 
 16 
 
of State; to the President’s cabinet; to all members of Congress; to the 
 Religious Press; and to the members of the Commission on Peace and Arbi¬ 
 tration, with the request that the members not present at the meeting 
 authorize the action taken at this meeting.” 
 
 Immediately after this the following letter was mailed to 
 50,000 pastors: 
 
 April 30, 1914. 
 
 Dear Friend: 
 
 The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, in co¬ 
 operation with the various peace organizations, recommends that the Sun¬ 
 day nearest the anniversary of the first Hague Conference be observed by 
 all the churches. The churches of Great Britain have taken similar action 
 and the public schools of the United States are observing May 18th as 
 Peace Day. 
 
 Will you take Sunday, May 17th, as an opportunity to speak upon 
 the movement to substitute judicial methods in place of warfare, arbitration 
 instead of battles, good will and brotherly co-operation for national selfish¬ 
 ness, hatred, and disorder? 
 
 The last two years have witnessed some sad examples of conflict, 
 lust, and human hatred. Over three hundred thousand have been killed 
 in the Balkan States and during this very year thousands of women and 
 little children have frozen and starved to death and in the end all con¬ 
 cerned are infinitely worse off than ever before. The Balkan affair is a 
 striking exhibition of the futility of war as a means of settling inter¬ 
 national disputes and securing the common weal. The unspeakable atroc¬ 
 ities of these two years of carnage should surely convince Christian people 
 that war is contrary to a Christian civilization. 
 
 On the other hand there is a great world-wide movement for world 
 peace. The Federal Council has entered upon a peace campaign, inter¬ 
 national in scope and reaching to the antipodes. The Council has se¬ 
 cured the services of Rev. Sidney L. Gulick of Japan, to assist in work 
 directed by a Committee on Relations with Japan, which is to take up 
 this question of international and race relationships from the point of 
 view of the Christian gospel. The plans of this Committee are of great 
 moment. 
 
 We urge that you speak more emphatically than ever this year. 
 Churches in other parts of the world are awakening and are calling to us, 
 as the enclosed appeal from our sister churches in Switzerland reveals. 
 
 Last May about twenty-five thousand sermons were preached. We 
 hope this year for seventy-five thousand. 
 
 We are sending some literature under another cover, more of which 
 may be obtained on application. Please have your sermon fully reported 
 in your newspapers and send copies to us. Have your papers print this 
 letter also. 
 
 Sincerely yours, 
 
 Charles S. Macfarland, Secretary. 
 postscript 
 
 In this time of crisis we need to pray earnestly for the wisdom of 
 God to direct us as a nation. Will you not, therefore, in connection with 
 your services, turn the hearts of your people to prayer, earnestly beseeching 
 God to guide both the United States and Mexico to a peaceful solution 
 of the difficulties existing between them. 
 
 17 
 
The Federal Council Commission on Peace and Arbitration 
 consists of the following representatives of the thirty denomina¬ 
 tions in the Federal Council: 
 
 Rev. J. B. Remensnyder, Chairman 
 Rev. Charles S. Macfarland, 
 
 Secretary 
 
 Rev. Peter Ainslie 
 Rev. Charles F. Aked 
 William C. Allen 
 M. F. Ansel 
 Pres. B. W. Anthony 
 Rev. W. E. Barton 
 Bishop J. W. Bashford 
 Bishop William M. Bell 
 Rev. W. C. Bitting 
 Mrs. Elmer Black 
 Bishop G. L. Blackwell 
 Rev. H. S. Bliss 
 Rev. Howard A. Bridgman 
 Pres. S. P. Brooks 
 Rev. Arthur J. Brown 
 William Jennings Bryan 
 Rev. L. L. Campbell 
 Rev. Francis E. Clark 
 Rev. S. S. Conger 
 Bishop L. J. Coppin 
 Rev. Edwin Heyl Delk 
 Rev. James F. Dickie 
 Rev. Plato T. Durham 
 Charles W. Fairbanks 
 Rt. Rev. Samuel Fallows 
 Pres. W. H. P. Faunce 
 Rev. J. H. Garrison 
 Rev. H. A. Gerdsen 
 Rt. Rev. David H. Greer 
 Rev. N. B. Grubb 
 Rev. Roy B. Guild 
 Bishop John W. Hamilton 
 Joseph Hamilton 
 Rev. William I. Haven 
 J. N. Haymaker 
 Bishop E. R. Hendrix 
 Rev. Caspar W. Hiatt 
 Hamilton Holt 
 Edward H. Hume, M.D. 
 
 Rev. Robert A. Hume 
 Rev. John A. Ingham 
 
 Rev. Thomas N. Ivey 
 
 Rev. Charles E. Jefferson 
 
 Charles E. Jennings 
 
 Rev. J. H. Jowett 
 
 Chancellor J. H. Kirkland 
 
 Rev. James S. Kittell 
 
 Bishop W. R. Lambuth 
 
 Rev. Albert G. Lawson 
 
 Rt. Rev. Morris W. Leibert 
 
 Eugene Levering 
 
 Charles S. Lobinger 
 
 Rev. D. A. Long 
 
 Rev. Rivington D. Lord 
 
 Rev. F. P. Lykes 
 
 Rev. Frederick Lynch 
 
 Rev. Robert Stuart MacArthur 
 
 Rev. J. K. McClurkin 
 
 W. N. McFaul 
 
 Rev. Malcolm J. MacLeod 
 
 Thomas C. MacMillan 
 
 Prof. Wallace MacMullen 
 
 Rev. J. C. Martin 
 
 George W. Marston 
 
 Rev. Mark A. Matthews 
 
 Rev. D. M. Metzger 
 
 Rev. George A. Miller 
 
 Joseph B. Moore 
 
 Rev. W. W. Moore 
 
 Frank Morrison 
 
 John R. Mott 
 
 Rev. Philip S. Moxom 
 
 John A. Patten 
 
 Rev. W. R. Pettiford 
 
 Rev. J. M. Phillipi 
 
 Rev. Jacob Pister 
 
 George A. Plimpton 
 
 Henry Kirke Potter 
 
 Bishop William A. Quayle 
 
 Rev. Wallace Radcliffe 
 
 Fred W. Ramsey 
 
 Rev. J. B. Remensnyder 
 
 Rev. M. W. Rhodes 
 
 Prof. Henry Wade Rogers 
 
 Rev. Henry M. Sanders 
 
 18 
 
Rev. J. U. Schneider 
 Rev. Frank S. Scudder 
 Rev. L. E. Sellers 
 Bishop Cornelius T. Shaffer 
 William H. Short 
 Daniel F. Smiley 
 Bishop U. F. Swengel 
 Rt. Rev. Ethelbert Talbot 
 Rev. John T. Thomas 
 David E. Titsworth 
 Benjamin F. Trueblood 
 Rev. Ame Vennema 
 Rev. J. A. Walker 
 
 William H. Wallace 
 Bishop Alexander Walters 
 Rev. William Hayes Ward 
 Rev. W. H. Washinger 
 Prin. Booker T. Washington 
 Bishop R. G. Waterhouse 
 Rev. Aquilla Webb 
 Rev. R. J. White 
 Amos P. Wilder 
 Bishop Luther B. Wilson 
 F. Hollingsworth Wood 
 James Wood 
 Pres. Mary E. Woolley 
 
 RELATIONS WITH JAPAN 
 
 The nature of the intimate and delicate relations between 
 Japan and America being of special significance, another Com¬ 
 mission has been appointed: 
 
 The general scope of its service is defined as the “ Study of 
 the entire question of the application of the teachings of Christ to 
 our relations with Japan, and the promotion of such influences 
 and activities as shall lead to the right relationship between the 
 peoples of these two countries.” 
 
 This action has been taken in response to memorials received 
 from American missionaries in Japan and after due deliberation 
 by a preliminary Committee of Twenty, appointed last December 
 at the annual meeting of the Executive Committee, acting jointly 
 with the Administrative Committee. 
 
 The memorial dated June 6, 1913, from the Japan Mission 
 of the American Board, reads as follows: 
 
 “Whereas, The universal establishment of the Kingdom of God re¬ 
 quires the attainment of right relations between nations on a basis of 
 justice and equality; and 
 
 “Whereas, The effective proclamation of the Gospel of the Kingdom 
 in Japan depends closely on the maintenance of friendly relations between 
 the peoples of Japan and the United States; and 
 
 “Whereas, The presence on the Pacific Coast of a large number of 
 Japanese laborers is the cause of difficulties that from time to time give 
 rise to discriminating race legislation tending to disturb the historical 
 friendship of these two countries; and 
 
 19 
 
“Whereas. Unfriendly race legislation is likely to be repeatedly at¬ 
 tempted so long as the difficulty is not met by some thoroughgoing solu¬ 
 tion ; therefore, 
 
 “Resolved, That this Mission appeals to the Federal Council of the 
 Cnurches of Christ in America, suggesting 
 
 (1) That it appoint a Commission to study this whole question in 
 its relation to the teaching of Christ; and 
 
 (2) That it seek to rally the Christian forces of the United States for 
 the solution of this problem and for the promoting of such measures as are 
 in accord with the highest standards of Christian statesmanship.” 
 
 Although the memorial from the missionaries of Japan was 
 received last summer, the first opportunity for its serious con¬ 
 sideration did not come until the regular annual meeting of the 
 Executive Committee last December. At that time Professor 
 Sidney L. Gulick of the American Board’s Japan Mission presented 
 the situation from the standpoint of missionaries in Japan. With¬ 
 out waiting for the final decision of the Federal Council Executive 
 Committee, a temporary Committee of Three (Charles S. Mac- 
 farland, Robert E. Speer and W. B. Millar) was at once appointed, 
 under whose auspices arrangements were made enabling Professor 
 Gulick to speak before representative bodies in many of our lead¬ 
 ing cities (Washingfon, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, New 
 Haven, Hartford, Springfield, Northampton, Boston, Syracuse, 
 Buffalo, Cleveland, Oherlin, Toledo, Chicago, Minneapolis, St. 
 Paul, Duluth, Superior, Kansas City, and St. Louis), several 
 cities being visited more than once. Between the first of January 
 and the thirtieth of April he made over one hundred addresses, 
 many of them before Chambers of Commerce, Trade Associations, 
 and Men’s Clubs, as well as in churches and colleges. He was 
 also granted personal interviews by leading citizens, among them 
 being President Wilson, Secretary Bryan, and Senators Dilling¬ 
 ham, Burton and Smith. Special mention should be made of the 
 courtesy of the Senate Committee on Immigration for the oppor¬ 
 tunity given Professor Gulick to speak on America’s Oriental prob¬ 
 lem and the new immigration proposal which he is making. 
 
 His experiences during these months show that the responsible 
 leaders of our national life desire earnestly to place our interna¬ 
 tional relations with the Orient, and just now with Japan, on a 
 
 20 
 
satisfactory and friendly basis. The seriousness of our Oriental 
 problem due to the awakening of Asia is widely appreciated. 
 
 The Commission on Japan 
 the following persons: 
 
 Rev. Charles R. Brown 
 Prof. Charles R. Henderson 
 Hamilton Holt 
 Rev. Albert G. Lawson 
 Bishop Francis J. McConnell 
 Rev. Frank Mason North 
 Robert E. Speer 
 Hon. Amos P. Wilder 
 
 as thus far appointed consists of 
 
 John M. Glenn 
 Rev. William I. Haven 
 Bishop E. R. Hendrix 
 Prof. Jeremiah W. Jenks 
 Rev. Frederick Lynch 
 John R. Mott 
 Rev. Doremus Scudder 
 Pres. George E. Vincent 
 
 Not only has the Federal Council appointed this new Com¬ 
 mission, but it has arranged with the American Board for the 
 release of Professor Gulick in order that he may continue this work 
 from now on under the supervision of the new Commission of 
 Fifteen. The Federal Council, through its Commission on Rela¬ 
 tions with Japan, proposes to study the whole question of our rela¬ 
 tions with Japan from the standpoint of the teachings of Christ, 
 in order to find out what steps, if any, should be taken to put our 
 two peoples in right relations. The first duty of the Commission 
 is to get at the exact facts. Only after careful examination will it 
 attempt to formulate a policy or a program, should such seem to be 
 needed. 
 
 The so-called Japanese Problem is but one phase of the vastly 
 larger and more important question of the contact of the races. 
 The Commission proposes to look at this whole question in the 
 largest and most statesmanlike manner. 
 
 These actions of the Federal Council are the more opportune 
 because the churches and missions of Japan have just started on 
 a three-year, nationwide, union, evangelistic campaign. Not only 
 will this new undertaking of the Federal Council be welcomed by the 
 Christians of Japan, but Japanese statesmen, educators, editors, and 
 indeed the rank and file of the people will welcome it as a sign of 
 the earnest intention of the best elements of our nation, first to 
 know the exact situation, and then to do the right thing. It will 
 be regarded thus as an evidence of real friendship between our 
 peoples. 
 
 21 
 
The President of the Federal Council has been selected to 
 go to Japan this year as an ambassador to the people of Japau 
 from the Churches of America. With him will be associated a 
 delegation of other representatives. The Commission has already 
 begun its investigation and has planned it carefully and thoroughly. 
 
 THE ANNIVERSARY OF THE TREATY OF GHENT 
 
 Report of Committee, December, 1913 
 
 At the meeting of the Executive Committee of the Federal Council in 
 December last, a resolution was adopted authorizing the Chairman to 
 appoint a Committee of Eleven to organize a large Committee of a hundred 
 or more representatives of all Protestant Churches, to co-operate in the 
 celebration of the hundredth anniversary of the Ghent Treaty of Peace. 
 The Committee of Eleven met under the auspices of the Peace Commission, 
 and organized by the election of a Chairman and Secretary, and proceeded 
 to form a Committee whose names are printed on pp. 24-27 of the pamphlet 
 of the American Committee. The new Committee expects to begin active 
 work with the beginning of the New Year. It consists as follows: 
 
 COMMITTEE REPRESENTING EVANGELICAL CHURCHES UNDER THE AUSPICES 
 
 OF THE FEDERAL COUNCIL 
 
 Chairman —Rev. H. K. Carroll. 
 
 Secretary —Rev. Frederick Lynch. 
 
 Federal Council —Rev. Charles S. Macfarland. 
 
 Baptist Northern Convention. 
 
 Rev. William C. Bitting, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Rev. J. Whitcomb Brougher, Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Pres. E. B. Bryan, Llamilton, N. Y. 
 
 Pres. W. H. P. Faunce, Providence, R. I. 
 
 Rev. Samuel H. Greene, Washington, D. G. 
 
 Charles E. Hughes, U. S. Supreme Court, Washington, D C. 
 
 Pres. Harry P. Judson, Chicago, Ill. 
 
 Rev. Albert G. Lawson, New York. 
 
 Baptist—Southern Convention. 
 
 J. Taylor Ellyson, Richmond, Va. 
 
 Rev. J. B. Gambrell, Dallas, Tex. 
 
 Eugene Levering, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Pres. E. Y. Mullins, Louisville, Ky. 
 
 Fred M. Paxton, Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Rev. R. H. Pitt, Richmond, Va. 
 
 Rev. E. M. Poteat, Greenville, S. C. 
 
 E. W. Stephens, Co-lumbia, Mo. 
 
 22 
 
Baptist — Free. 
 
 Rev. Rivington D. Lord, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Pres. J. W. Mauck, Hillsdale, Mich. 
 
 Baptist—Seventh Day. 
 
 Rev. Edwin Shaw, Plainfield, N. J. 
 
 Congregational Churches. 
 
 Simeon E. Baldwin, New Haven, Conn. 
 
 Samuel B. Capen, Boston, Mass. 
 
 W. Murray Crane, Dalton, Mass. 
 
 Rev. H. C. Herring, New York. 
 
 Rev. Charles E. Jefferson, New York. 
 
 Rev. Frederick Lynch, New York. 
 
 Pres. William F. Slocum, Colorado Springs, (Jol 
 
 Christian Connection. 
 
 Pres. D. A. Long, Merom, Ind. 
 
 Pres. P. W. McReynolds, Defiance, O. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 Rev. W. H. Brooks, New York. 
 
 George W. Brown, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Rev. H. K. Carroll, New York. 
 
 Chancellor James R. Day, Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 Rev. George P. Eckman, New York. 
 
 E. R. Graham, Chicago, Ill. 
 
 Bishop J. W. Hamilton, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Pres. A. W. Harris, Evanston, Ill. 
 
 Bishop E. H. Hughes, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 Rev. Charles B. Mitchell, Chicago, Ill. 
 
 Rev. Ward Platt, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Prof. Henry Wade Rogers, New York City. 
 
 S. Earl Taylor, New York. 
 
 Rev. F. B. Upham, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Bishop Luther B. Wilson, New York. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Church , South. 
 
 Bishop W. A. Candler, Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Bishop E. R. Hendrix, Kansas City, Mo. 
 Chancellor J. H. Kirkland, Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 Rev. J. W. Lee, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 John R. Pepper, Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 Rev. F. J. Prettyman, Chaplain U. S. Senate. 
 Pres. H. N. Snyder, Spartansburg, S. C. 
 
 Bishop R. G. Waterhouse, Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Rev. W. J. Young, Richmond, Va. 
 
 23 
 
Methodist Protestant 
 
 Eev. F. T. Benson, Crisfield, Md. 
 
 Rev. F. T. Little, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church. 
 Bishop Alexander Walters, New York. 
 
 Moravian Church. 
 
 Rt. Rev. M. W. Leibert, New York. 
 
 Presbyterian Church in TJ. S. A. (Northern.) 
 
 Rev. Arthur J. Brown, New York. 
 
 Rev. Walter Laidlaw, New York. 
 
 Rev. M. A. Mathews, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Rev. Samuel J. Nicolls, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Rev. Wallace Radcliffe, Washington, D. C. 
 Rev. William H. Roberts, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Rev. Charles L. Thompson, New York. 
 
 Presbyterian Church in TJ. 8. (Southern). 
 
 Rev. Russel Cecil, Richmond, Va. 
 
 Rev. J. Horace Lacy, Winchester, Va. 
 
 Disciples of Christ. 
 
 Rev. Peter Ainslie, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Rev. J. H. Garrison, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Rev. J. H. Goldner, Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Rev. H. D. C. Maclachlan, Richmond, Va. 
 Rev. Carey E. Morgan, Nashville, Tenn. 
 Rev. Allen B. Philputt, Indianapolis, Ind. 
 Rev. Russel F. Thrapp, Los Angeles, Cal. 
 Rev. Earl Wilfley, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Evangelical Association. 
 
 Bishop Samuel P. Spreng, Naperville, Ind. 
 Rev. Fred W. Voegelein, Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Friends. 
 
 William C. Dennis, Washington, D. C. 
 Addison W. Naylor, Berkeley, Cal. 
 
 James Wood, Mt. Kisco, N. Y. 
 
 Lutheran—General Synod. 
 
 Prof. David Bauslin, Springfield, Ohio. 
 Rev. Ezra K. Bell, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Rev. J. B. Remensnyder, New York. 
 
 Charles Unangst, New York. 
 
 24 
 
Lutheran—General Council. 
 
 Pres. John A. W. Haas, Allentown, Pa. 
 William H. Hagar, Lancaster, Pa. 
 
 Rev. John J. Heischman, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 Charles A. Schieren, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Lutheran—Synodical Conf. 
 
 Rev. C. Gausenwitz, Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 Rev. Francis Pieper, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Rev. William Schoenfeldt, New York. 
 
 Lutheran United Synod, South. 
 
 Rev. J. A. Morehead, Salem, Va. 
 
 Lutheran—Ohio Synod. 
 
 Prof. George H. Schodde, Columbus, 0. 
 
 Lutheran—Iowa Synod. 
 
 Prof. F. Richter, Clinton, Iowa. 
 
 Lutheran—United Norwegian Synod. 
 
 Rev. T. H. Dahl, Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Protestant Episcopal Church. 
 
 Rt. Rev. William Lawrence, Boston, Mass. 
 Rev. Frank M. Crouch, New York. 
 
 Rt. Rev. C. P. Anderson, Chicago, Ill. 
 
 H. D. W. English, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Rev. Charles K. Gilbert, New York. 
 
 John M. Glenn, New York. 
 
 Clinton Rogers Woodruff, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Reformed Church in America. 
 
 Rev. David James Burrell, New York. 
 
 Reformed Church in U S. 
 
 John W. Appel, Lancaster, Pa. 
 
 Rev. James I. Good, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Rev. George W. Richards, Lancaster, Pa. 
 
 Reformed Episcopal Church. 
 
 Rt. Rev. Robert L. Rudolph, New York. 
 
 25 
 
United Brethren in Christ. 
 
 Bishop G. M. Mathews, Chicago, Ill. 
 Pres. M. R. Drury, Philomath, Oregon. 
 
 United Evangelical Church. 
 
 Bishop U. F. Swengel, Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
 United Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Rev. W. E. McCulloch, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Rev. W. I. Wishart, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Rev. Charles S. Macfarland is a member of the general American 
 Committee, and also of its Executive Committee. 
 
 The following action is recommended: 
 
 “Whekeas, The American Committee on the celebration of the com¬ 
 pletion of one hundred years of peace between Great Britain and the 
 United States, since the signing of the Treaty of Ghent on Christmas 
 Eve, 1814, has asked the co-operation of the Churches in the great and 
 elaborate preparations in progress to make this event memorable in the 
 relationship of nations, be it 
 
 “Resolved, That the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in 
 America, representing thirty denominations and many millions of church¬ 
 men, enter into the preparation of this anniversary celebration with the 
 heartiest concord and that it urges the Committee already created to take 
 such steps as may be necessary to secure the active participation of every 
 church in the nation in this celebration, by the preaching of sermons, by 
 exercises of the children, and by such other methods as may seem desirable. 
 
 “Resolved, Further that the Federal Council, while rejoicing over 
 the hundred years of unbroken peace with Great Britain, and while calling 
 attention to the fact that the two great countries of the United States 
 and Canada with three thousand miles of boundary between them have been 
 able to keep peace without either fort or battleship, this body representing 
 almost all the Evangelical Christians of the United States, would urge that 
 this century of peace be made lasting and be assured by the signing of a 
 treaty of arbitration between Great Britain and the United States, agreeing 
 that all disputes that may hereafter arise which cannot be settled by 
 diplomacy shall be. submitted to judicial decision by arbitration in the 
 Christian spirit, and that the nations learn war no more.” 
 
 The above resolutions were unanimously adopted by the Fed¬ 
 eral CounciFs Executive Committee. 
 
 Arrangements are now being made whereby this Committee 
 will act with the Church Peace Union. 
 
 26 
 
THE PANAMA-PACIFIC EXPOSITION 
 
 The Federal Council has appointed a Committee of One Hun¬ 
 dred to conduct an extensive campaign in San Francisco during 
 the Exposition, including work among all races and peoples, and 
 providing for special meetings and a Congress in the interests of 
 International Peace, to which the Church Peace Union has been 
 invited to give its influence, support and co-operation. 
 
 OTHER PLANS 
 
 The Federal Council has under advisement the calling of a 
 World Congress of the Evangelical Churches, and through its 
 Commission on Foreign Missions, is arranging for a closer relation 
 between the churches of America and the peoples of all nations. 
 Through this Commission the federated churches of America are 
 brought into relationship with the federations of churches in many 
 other countries, and at the present moment an uppermost theme 
 in foreign missions is that of International Peace. The Chairman 
 of the Commission, Dr. Robert E. Speer, is a trustee of the Church 
 Peace Union and has been invited by the churches in Japan to 
 visit that nation during the coming year. 
 
 Other voluntary movements, notably the Student and Interna¬ 
 tional Young Men’s Christian Association Movements, the Lay¬ 
 men’s Missionary Movement, and the United Society of Christian 
 Endeavor, whose President, Rev. Francis E. Clark, is a Church 
 Peace Union trustee, are rendering important service. Other 
 movements for Christian unity, led by such men as Rev. William 
 H. Roberts, Chairman of the Federal Council Commission on 
 Evangelism, Rev. Peter Ainslie, a trustee of the Church Peace 
 Union and Chairman of the Federal Council Commission on Sun¬ 
 day Observance, are drawing the nations as well as the churches 
 together. 
 
 The Federal Council Commission on the Church and Social 
 Service, one of whose associate secretaries, Rev. Samuel Z. Batten, 
 is a delegate to this Conference, includes several denominational 
 Committees on Peace, and through its fraternal relations with the 
 American Federation of Labor, is helping a two-fold unifying 
 movement of the religious and labor causes which is sure to be of 
 great effect. Frank Morrison, Secretary of the American Federa¬ 
 tion of Labor, is a member of the Federal Council Commissions 
 on Peace and Arbitration and the Church and Social Service. A 
 
 27 
 
campaign of the Commission on the Church and Social Service 
 for One Day in Seven for Industrial Workers is of necessity be¬ 
 coming international. 
 
 A delegate to this Conference, Rev. Henry C. Minton, and the 
 Secretary of the Federal Council, have been commissioned by the 
 Executive Committee of the Panama-Pacific Exposition Lord’s 
 Day Congress to negotiate with the European organizations this 
 summer in this interest, and the Chairman of the Federal Council 
 Commission on Temperance, Rev. Rufus W. Miller, was last year 
 a delegate to the International Congress on this question at Milan. 
 
 The Commission on Religious Education, consisting of repre¬ 
 sentatives of all the denominational boards, has authorized its 
 Secretary, Rev. Henry H. Meyer, to prepare courses to be recom¬ 
 mended to the Sunday Schools and other classes on International 
 Peace, and a Joint Commission on Theological Seminaries ap¬ 
 pointed by the Federal Council will include this subject in its pro¬ 
 posals for instruction in the theological seminaries. 
 
 The work of John R. Mott in his world-travels has strongly 
 bound together large groups of young men. Dr. Mott represents 
 not only the Student Movement and the Young Men’s Christian 
 Association, but is also a member of the Federal Council Com¬ 
 mission on Relations with Japan, the Federal Council Commis¬ 
 sion on Foreign Missions, and is a trustee of the Church Peace 
 Union. 
 
 THE SUPPORT OF THE CONSTITUENT 
 DENOMINATIONS 
 
 The Federal Council has been heartily supported by its con¬ 
 stituent bodies, and all its actions and utterances have been ap¬ 
 proved by them. 
 
 The denominational assemblies have taken actions, of which 
 the following are a few fair examples: 
 
 ALLIANCE OF REFORMED CHURCHES 
 
 Resolutions adopted by the Tenth Council of the Alliance of 
 the Reformed Churches throughout the World, Aberdeen, Scotland, 
 June 1913. 
 
 “That the following Resolution commending arbitration in the settle¬ 
 ment of international disputes be approved: 
 
 “ ‘That while the condition of modern nations does not warrant the 
 confident hope that war can be altogether avoided as a means of settling 
 
 28 
 
international disputes, this Council deplores the horrors and bloodshed 
 that are ever connected with it, and the spirit that evokes it, as contrary 
 to the principles of Christianity, and inconsistent with the ideals at which 
 the Christian Church is bound to aim. 
 
 “ ‘The Council is of the opinion that most of the disputes which lead 
 to war might be settled by properly constituted Courts of Arbitration, 
 which would command the confidence of the various nations, and prepare 
 the way for the diminution of the armaments which now lay such a heavy 
 burden on the governments and peoples of the various countries of the 
 world. 
 
 “‘The Council therefore rejoices in the proposals for treaties in favor 
 of arbitration between different nations, providing for the submission of 
 disputed questions to such Courts before appealing to the arbitrament 
 of the sword, and would encourage the statesmen of the world to seek to 
 secure the acceptance of such treaties wherever possible.’ ” 
 
 THE BAPTIST CHURCHES 
 
 Northern Baptist Convention 
 
 In 1914: 
 
 “Confessing anew our allegiance to the Prince of Peace and desiring 
 to make Christian churches the foremost peacemakers of the world, we 
 condemn the rivalry of the nations in creating colossal armies and battle¬ 
 ships, and we declare our abhorrence of the men and the papers that 
 would fan the flames of race prejudice and arouse international ill-will. 
 
 “Believing that our republic is fitted both by its principles and its 
 position to lead the nations in the paths of peace, we urge our pastors 
 and teachers to explain the evils of militarism and to defend the cause 
 of international arbitration. We earnestly petition our government to 
 use all honorable means to further disarmament, and heartily indorse 
 its efforts to bring the nations together for a third Hague conference in 
 1916. 
 
 “Rejoicing in every effort made to avert a war with Mexico, and to 
 secure peace in that distracted republic, we record our steadfast friend¬ 
 ship for the Mexican people, and pray that a way out of their distresses 
 may speedily be found. 
 
 “The far-reaching plans projected by the Federal Council of the 
 Churches of Christ in America to strengthen the bonds of good fellowship 
 between Japan and the United States; the organization of the Church 
 Peace Union and the holding of a World Peace Congress this summer in 
 Germany; the extended celebrations of the Ghent treaty of peace with 
 Great Britain, and the several treaties of arbitration which have been 
 made with different nations meet with our heartiest approval. 
 
 “We endorse the religious work proposed by the Committee of One 
 Hundred appointed by the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in 
 America for the Panama-Pacific Exposition and the suggestion that Sun¬ 
 day, Oct. 11, 1914, be observed as Exposition Sunday.” 
 
 29 
 
THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF THE CONGREGATIONAL 
 
 CHURCHES 
 
 In 1904: 
 
 “Resolved, that the National Council of the Congregational Churches 
 of the United States, desiring to promote the peace of the world, hereby 
 gives its support to the resolution unanimously passed by the Massachu¬ 
 setts Legislature in 1903, in favor of a regular International Congress, to 
 deliberate upon the various questions of common interest to the nations 
 and to make recommendations thereon to the Governments; and respect¬ 
 fully petitions the Congress of the United States to take favorable action 
 thereon. 
 
 “Resolved, that the National Council of the Congregational Churches 
 of the United States hereby expresses the satisfaction with which it has 
 heard the announcement by the President of the United States of his 
 intention to call an international conference to further the action of the 
 Hague Conference in reference to international arbitration.” 
 
 In 1913: 
 
 “The Congregational Churches of the United States, confessing anew 
 their allegiance to the Prince of Peace and desirous of making the Chris¬ 
 tian Church the foremost peacemaker of the world, desire to place on 
 record their disapproval of the present rivalry of Christian nations in 
 creating colossal armies and navies and to declare themselves the un¬ 
 flinching antagonists of all who by word or deed fan the flames of racial 
 prejudice or disseminate the seeds of international ill-will. 
 
 “Believing that our republic both by situation and tradition is pe¬ 
 culiarly fitted to lead the nations into the paths of peace, we appeal to 
 our President and Congress to call a halt in the swelling expenditures 
 for the paraphernalia of war and exhort our pastors and teachers to keep 
 before the public mind the evils and perils of militarism, to explain and 
 defend the cause of arbitration, and to work in season and out of season 
 for the advancement of world-wide brotherhood. 
 
 “We heartily commend the work of the International Conference in 
 its program for the commemoration of the first century of peace between 
 the United States and Great Britain and recommend that in all our 
 churches exercises be held which shall swell the significance and influence 
 of the celebration.” 
 
 DISCIPLES OF CHRIST 
 
 In 1913: 
 
 “We rejoice in the movement looking toward world peace and com¬ 
 mend the plans for a proper celebration of the One Hundred Years of 
 Peace between the English speaking nations of the world.” 
 
 30 
 
GENERAL CONFERENCE OF THE METHODIST 
 EPISCOPAL CHURCH 
 
 In 1912: 
 
 “Resolved, that this General Conference feels the deepest interest in 
 the subject of peace. It here records its approval of any measure that 
 tends to prevent bloodshed and war. It does not recognize that any 
 differences can arise between nations that may not be submitted honor¬ 
 ably to an impartial tribunal for settlement and adjudication; and it ex¬ 
 tends to President Taft profound thanks for his persistent efforts to 
 establish the principle of international arbitration.” 
 
 THE METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH 
 
 In 1912: 
 
 “Whereas, the mission of the church is for the elevation of man and 
 the furtherance of Christ’s kingdom on earth, and 
 
 “Whereas, the ravages of war and frictions of internal competition 
 have placed upon humanity many great burdens which bear heavily upon 
 the people of the different nations, and 
 
 “Whereas, there has been internal cognizance taken of these condi¬ 
 tions, and 
 
 “Whereas, efforts have been made and are being made to establish an 
 International Peace Conference or Congress, for the purpose of settling 
 disputes and the promotion of peace; be it therefore 
 
 “Resolved, that this General Conference commend the actions of 
 William Howard Taft, the President of these United States, in initiating 
 this movement and in his efforts to establish an Internal Peace Commis¬ 
 sion or Conference, and the benevolence of Andrew Carnegie in financing 
 this movement looking toward the elimination of wars, disputes and 
 differences and thus preserving the resources of nations for the benefit 
 of humanity and establishing the universal brotherhood of man and the 
 Fatherhood of God. 
 
 “Resolved, that the Secretary of this Conference send a copy of these 
 resolutions to the President and to Mr. Carnegie.” 
 
 GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE PRESBYTERIAN 
 CHURCH IN THE U. S. A. 
 
 In 1907: 
 
 “The General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United 
 States of America records its gratitude to God for the progress made 
 toward that day when nations shall learn war no more, and hails with 
 satisfaction the increasing sentiment among the people favoring the ar¬ 
 bitration of difficulties between the nations of the earth. The Assembly 
 expresses its approval of the doctrine that the forces of this world should 
 be organized for and in the interest of peace, and not for and in the 
 interests of war. It commends the movement toward friendly counsel 
 
 31 
 
and co-operation, as seen in The Hague Conference and the recent Peace 
 Congress in New York City; and it deplores the evils and expense of 
 war, and urges upon ministers and members of the Church to aid, in 
 every proper way, the efforts to bring about the peaceable settlement of 
 international troubles. The General Assembly would also suggest that 
 patriotic occasions may be utilized by the ministry for proclaiming the 
 gospel of peace, and urging that the law of love be made the rule of life, 
 not only for our own nation but for all the world. The Assembly 
 further expresses the hope that at the approaching sessions of The Hague 
 Conference, the representatives of participating nations may be able to 
 unite in a plan of action that shall be a practical demonstration to the 
 world of the brotherhood of man, and bring a new emphasis upon the 
 message of “peace on earth and good will to men.” 
 
 In 1908: 
 
 “The General Assembly, in session at Kansas City, Missouri, and 
 in harmony with previous deliverances, again puts itself on record as 
 being heartily in favor of International Arbitration where difficulties 
 arise between nations. 
 
 “Further, we cordially commend President Roosevelt for calling the 
 second Hague Conference, and for sending to that distinguished body 
 men so eminently fitted to represent this great nation in the considera¬ 
 tion of the important questions which came before the Conference. Al¬ 
 though there was no direct result of the efforts made to reduce standing 
 armies or to cease the increase of navies, yet the discussion of these 
 questions has given food for thought to the people of the civilized na¬ 
 tions, who more and more are making their influence felt for the main¬ 
 tenance of peace and the cause of International Arbitration. It is a mat¬ 
 ter of congratulation that much was accomplished tending to the peaceful 
 settlement of difficulties between nations, and particularly that a perma¬ 
 nent tribunal for hearing and settling international disputes and quarrels 
 has been established. We further rejoice that the United States Gov¬ 
 ernment is negotiating treaties with friendly nations, some of which have 
 been confirmed, whereby questions and disputes between them and us 
 may be referred to arbitration for settlement. 
 
 In 1909: 
 
 “The General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United 
 States of America, in session at Denver, Colorado, May 1909, makes the 
 following declarations and recommendations: 
 
 “1. It declares its convictions that war is evil, and that Christian 
 nations should determine by obligatory arbitration the international 
 differences which can not be settled by diplomacy. For Christian States in 
 the twentieth century to refuse to arbitrate and to insist on war will be 
 to bring reproach on the Christian name. 
 
 “2. It favors the creation of the International Court of Arbitral Justice 
 proposed by the Second Hague Conference, and hopes that the Govern¬ 
 ment of the United. States will promote its establishment, and that at the 
 earliest possible day. 
 
 32 
 
“3. It is opposed to increase of armaments, and deplores the failure 
 of the Hague Conferences to come to an agreement upon this all-important 
 subject. 
 
 “4. It has learned with much satisfaction that the Government of 
 the United States has recently entered into treaties of arbitration with 
 some of the nations, and it trusts that without unnecessary delay other 
 treaties of arbitration may be made with other States. It regrets that it 
 seemed to the contracting powers to be desirable to limit the existence of 
 these treaties to five years, and to restrict the subjects to be arbitrated 
 to the somewhat narrow limits which the treaties define. 
 
 “5. It recommends that the first Sunday before Christmas, in each 
 year, be observed throughout our churches as Peace Sunday.” 
 
 In 1911: 
 
 “Resolved, That the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in 
 the United States of America recognizes with thanksgiving the present 
 movement, inaugurated by the President of the United States, and heartily 
 promoted by the Secretary for Foreign Affairs of Great Britain, looking 
 toward international peace; and that we urge all public and private indi¬ 
 viduals in our communion to use their best endeavors and offer their 
 earnest prayers, for the consummation of the treaties now under con¬ 
 sideration by England, France and the United States, having for their 
 purpose the ushering in of the era when the nations shall not learn war 
 any more. 
 
 “Resolved, That copies of this resolution be forwarded by the Stated 
 Clerk to the President of the United States and the President of the 
 Senate.” 
 
 In 1912: 
 
 “While the Assembly may not approve or endorse any proposal or 
 programs, the Presbyterian Church stands for the plan of arbitration in 
 relation to international disagreements, and is vitally concerned for the 
 speedy realization in righteousness of the reign of universal peace and 
 good will.” 
 
 In 1913: 
 
 “This Assembly, having listened with profound interest to Mr. J. A. 
 MacDonald’s presentation of the theme. The Church and International 
 Peace, expresses its sympathy with the views he presents, reaffirms the de¬ 
 liverances of previous Assemblies on this vital subject, places on record 
 its adherence to the principle of arbitration as the only just method of 
 settling international difficulties, and prays fervently for the coming of 
 the day when war shall be no more.” 
 
 In 1914: 
 
 “The General Assembly calls attention to the fact that there has 
 already been established at the Hague a Court of International Arbi¬ 
 tration, which has, in the few years of its existence, settled many disputes 
 
 33 
 
between nations. It trusts that the time is not far distant when every 
 international controversy shall be submitted to that tribunal for final 
 decision, thereby bringing about that time for which our Church has so 
 long been praying, when wars shall cease.” 
 
 THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN 
 CHURCH OF NORTH AMERICA 
 
 Action of the Assembly of 1911: 
 
 In reply to the memorials asking for the advancement of the cause 
 of universal international peace, we recommend that the Assembly endorse 
 the movement for the appointment of an “International Peace Tribunal;” 
 that it heartily approve the initiative taken by President Taft for the 
 settlement of all international questions involving the United States before 
 such a court, and that it appoint the last Sabbath in December of each 
 year as Peace Sabbath, on which its ministers may bring before their 
 people the subject of International Peace. 
 
 In 1912: 
 
 “Resolved, That the Prince of Peace is worthy of our highest alle¬ 
 giance as the Supreme Ruler of the nations. 
 
 “That we favor all such measures as look to the fulfillment of the 
 prophecy and promise of universal peace. 
 
 “That we specially favor the formation of unlimited arbitration 
 treaties with other nations, and pledge our influence for their adoption. 
 
 “That we commend our national Congress for its refusal to increase 
 this year the number of our warships, and express our hope that our 
 Government shall lead the nations in the work of disarmament. 
 
 “That Sabbath, December 22, 1912, be designated as Peace Day, to be 
 observed for the special promotion of peace principles and sentiment. 
 
 In 1913: 
 
 “Resolved, That our churches and colleges be urged to give more 
 frequent and more serious attention to the problem of International Peace 
 and Arbitration. This Assembly officially endorses and adopts as the 
 sentiment of this body the great plea and noble address on ‘The Church’s 
 Responsibility for International Peace’ presented at the mass meeting on 
 the evening of May 15, 1913, by the Hon. J. A. MacDonald, of Toronto, 
 Canada. 
 
 “We urge the wide circulation of this address, and we urge our 
 ministers to encourage and reflect the sentiment that exists among the 
 people in favor of International Arbitration and Peace. 
 
 “We deplore and oppose the increase of armaments, and we urge our 
 Government to pursue a policy, both in national and international affairs, 
 that will promote such conditions as will secure relief to the people from 
 the woeful burdens of war and preparations for war. 
 
 “This policy we urge in the name of the great Prince of Peace.” 
 
 34 
 
In 1914: 
 
 “Resolved, That we heartily approve of the proposed celebration of 
 the Treaty of Peace, which brought the last war between Great Britain 
 and the United States to a happy conclusion, and which was signed at 
 Ghent, Belgium, December 24, 1814, and ratified February 17, 1815, by 
 the American Church Peace Centenary Committee. We recommend that 
 our Synods and Presbyteries co-operate as far as possible with the Com¬ 
 mittee in reaching all the churches and Sabbath schools and young people’s 
 societies belonging thereto. 
 
 “That on the day indicated for the celebration, sermons shall be 
 preached setting forth the blessings which one hundred years of peace 
 have brought to the two nations and to the world, showing how superior 
 human reason is to human passion in settling international disputes; and 
 to impress upon the minds of the youth tlie great truth that the honors 
 of peace are greater than the honors of war.” 
 
 PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH 
 
 In 1907: 
 
 “Resolved, that this General Convention wishes to express to the 
 world its thankfulness to God that all the nations of the world have at 
 last, in this year of our Lord 1907, been brought together at The Hague 
 in a glorious effort to promote and establish universal Peace. 
 
 “We rejoice in all efforts to bring about this grand consummation, 
 especially those to create and perfect Courts for the judicial decision of 
 internal disputes. 
 
 “We rejoice to see that these efforts spring from a growing convic¬ 
 tion that relations between nations must rest on the solid foundation of 
 justice. 
 
 “We reverently thank God for the guidance of His Holy Spirit in 
 bringing all nations into relations of amity. Only when convinced that 
 they are friends, and no longer enemies, will they be ready to lessen 
 preparations for war and to devote the productive energies of men towards 
 wise measures for their uplift. Even now the great Hague Conference 
 is studying to abate the brutalities of war and to strengthen the bonds 
 of peace. 
 
 “We pray the God of Nations to make the nations of the world to 
 be no longer enemies, but sincere friends; to love justice; to create 
 Courts for its enforcement; and so to establish peace on the firm founda¬ 
 tion which our Lord Jesus Christ has revealed to us as His will for all 
 His children here on earth.” 
 
 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 
 
 In 1914: 
 
 In the report of the committee on correspondence, Section 17 reads: 
 “A communication was received from the American Peace Centenary 
 Committee of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America. 
 
 35 
 
“The treaty of peace which brought the last war between Great 
 Britain and the United States to a happy conclusion, was signed in Ghent, 
 Belgium, Dec. 24, 1814, and ratified Feb. 17, 1815. 
 
 “American, British and Canadian Committees have been organized to 
 celebrate the Centenary of Peace among English speaking peoples, and to 
 demonstrate to the world that the victories of peace are more worthy 
 of renown than those of war. 
 
 “We recommend that Sunday, Feb. 14, 1915, as far as convenient be 
 observed as Peace Centenary Day by all Churches, Sunday Schools and 
 Young People’s Societies.” 
 
 GENERAL SYNOD OF THE REFORMED CHURCH 
 IN THE UNITED STATES 
 
 In 1896: 
 
 “To His Excellency, the President of the United States: 
 
 “The General Synod of the Deformed Church in the United States 
 assembled at Dayton, O., wishes you grace, mercy and peace. 
 
 “We believe that the time has come when all civilized nations are 
 ready to see and acknowledge that all international differences can be 
 adjusted, more fully in accordance with righteousness and truth, by 
 arbitration than by arms. 
 
 “We believe also that war for the settlement of differences between 
 nations is dishonorable so long as any honorable, peaceable means are 
 possible; we therefore unite in assuring your excellency, together with all 
 others of our sympathy, co-operation and prayers in every effort made 
 by you in the establishment of boards or courts of international arbitra¬ 
 tion, so that, when all the usual means of diplomacy prove inadequate, 
 these international courts may render a decision. 
 
 “These decisions, made by impartial representative citizens of both 
 nations, we believe, would always be more fully just to all parties 
 concerned, and would in any event be reached by resort to arms. 
 Much more, such a cause would hold in subjection the baser elements in 
 man, and exalt and honor the Prince of Peace, whose will it is our ad¬ 
 vantage to do, and whose commands it is our injury to disobey. 
 
 “Resolved, that the Stated Clerk be requested to transmit a copy 
 of this action to the President of the United States.” 
 
 In 1911: 
 
 General Synod adopted the following resolution: 
 
 “Resolved, By the General Synod of the Reformed Church in the 
 U. S., convened in Canton, Ohio, May, 1911: That we heartily approve 
 of the efforts of our national authorities in behalf of the settlement of 
 all international disputes by arbitration, without resort to the terrible 
 arbitrament of war. 
 
 “Resolved, That to this end we favor the establishment of a perma¬ 
 nent Court of Arbitral Justice at The Hague and a reduction of arma¬ 
 ments in the interests of peace and Christian civilization.” 
 
 36 
 
In 1914: 
 
 “Resolved, That Sunday, February 14, 1915, be designated as Peace 
 Centenary Day and that our pastors be requested to make due observance 
 of it.” 
 
 This action was taken in response to a letter from the Federal Council 
 of Churches of Christ in America of which Council the Reformed Church 
 is a member. The letter cites the fact that the treaty of peace which 
 brought to a happy conclusion the last war between Great Britain and the 
 United States was signed in Ghent, Belgium, December 24, 1814, and 
 ratified February 17, 1815. The request is made that February 14, 1915, 
 be designated as the Sunday on which to celebrate the event in our 
 churches, Sunday Schools and Young People’s Societies. The hope is ex¬ 
 pressed that the same will be done by the churches of Great Britain, 
 Canada, and the British colonies. 
 
 The action of the Federal Council’s Commission on Peace and Arbi¬ 
 tration was endorsed by the General Synod as follows: 
 
 “We, representatives of the federated forces of seventeen million 
 Christians in the United States, desire to put on record our steadfast 
 friendship for the Mexican people, and to express our sympathy with them 
 in the disorders which now trouble their country. That a way out of 
 their distresses may be found is our earnest, constant hope. We wish 
 them prosperity and peace. 
 
 “We wish further to express our conviction that the thought of war 
 between Mexico and the United States is abhorrent to the vast majority 
 of our people. The citizens of our Republic want no war with our 
 southern neighbor, nor do they desire to dominate it, or to interfere 
 in its internal affairs, but, on the other hand, they desire cordial relations 
 and friendly intercourse. 
 
 “We rejoice that in our President and our Secretary of State we have 
 men who are lovers of peace, and whose purpose it is to maintain peace, 
 if at all possible, not only with Mexico but with all the nations of the 
 earth. That the purpose of our President and his Councillors shall be 
 carried out is not only our hope but our confident expectation. 
 
 “ ‘Blessed are the peacemakers’—so we believe—and we are confident 
 that the glory of the present administration will be enhanced and its fame 
 augmented, not by the slaughter of tens of thousands of the young men 
 of the two republics, but by the peaceful solution of a difficult and vexing 
 problem, by forbearance and long-suffering calm wisdom of a Christian 
 statesmenship.” 
 
 The above selections indicate the attitude of the thirty de¬ 
 nominations of the Federal Council. 
 
 Special mention should be made of the Friends, whose utter¬ 
 ances have been continuous, and who have always been a Peace 
 Society in themselves. 
 
 37 
 
THE CHURCH PEACE UNION AND THIS CHURCH 
 PEACE CONFERENCE 
 
 The Federal Council co-operates heartily with the Church 
 Peace Union, and has taken the following action through the 
 Federal Council Commission on Peace and Arbitration: 
 
 “It is recommended that the Secretary and the Committee of Direction 
 convey to the Executive Committee of the Church Peace Union the desire 
 of this Commission to serve the Church Peace Union in reaching the 
 churches in a campaign of education and propaganda, and in all ways 
 whereby the Church Peace Union may utilize the forces of the Federal 
 Council of the Churches of Christ in America in this interest.” 
 
 “It is recommended that the Commission express its warm appreciation 
 of the recent Appeal to the Christian churches issued by the Conference 
 of the Evangelical churches of Switzerland, and that the Secretary of the 
 Commission and the Committee of Direction be empowered to assist in 
 arranging for any international or other conference of the churches which 
 may be held in the interest of International Peace.” 
 
 The Church Peace Union has cordially recognized the Fed¬ 
 eral Council as an official and effective agency created by the 
 Protestant Evangelical churches to act for them, and is making 
 the Federal Council one of its channels for reaching the churches, 
 and is rendering it the needed support for reaching the large 
 elements in the religious life of America united in the Federal 
 Council. 
 
 THE CHURCH PEACE CONGRESS AT 
 CONSTANCE, GERMANY 
 
 The Administrative Committee of the Federal Council took 
 the following actions June 11, 1914: 
 
 “Voted, that in response to the request, from the Federal Council Com¬ 
 mission on Peace and Arbitration, the Administrative Committee approves 
 the joint plans of the Church Peaee Union of America and the Associated 
 Councils of Churches in the British and German Empires for a Congress 
 on international peace to be held at Constance, August, 1914, of whose 
 Committee of Arrangements the Secretary of the Federal Council is a 
 member.” 
 
 “That the Secretary of the Council, Rev. Charles S. Macfarland, and 
 the representative of the Commission on Relations with Japan, Rev. Sidney 
 L. Gulick, be elected as delegates to the Congress.” 
 
 38 
 
“Voted, that the following additional delegates nominated by the Fed¬ 
 eral Council Commission on Peace and Arbitration be also appointed as 
 delegates to the Congress: 
 
 Abbott, Rev. Ernest Hamlin 
 Ainslie, Rev. Peter 
 Anderson, Rev. William F. 
 Batten, Rev. Samuel Z. 
 Bitting, Rev. W. C. 
 
 Boynton, Rev. Nehemiah 
 Bridgman, Rev. Howard A. 
 Brown, Rev. William Adams 
 Crawford, Hanford 
 Day, Rev. Jonathan 
 Dickie, Rev. Samuel 
 Douglas, Rev. George William 
 Durham, Rev. Plato T. 
 
 Finley, John H. 
 
 Gardiner, Robert H. 
 
 Good, Rev. James I. 
 Baines-Griffiths, Rev. David 
 Hall, Rev. Thomas C. 
 Hamilton, Rev. John W. 
 Hendrix, Rev. E. R. 
 
 Holt, Hamilton 
 Horr, Rev. George E. 
 
 Joy, James R. 
 
 Laidlaw, Rev. Walter 
 Lord, Rev. Rivington D. 
 Lynch, Rev. Frederick 
 Lyon, D. Willard 
 MacCracken, Rev. Henry M. 
 Merrill, Rev. William P. 
 Minton, Rev. Henry C. 
 Moxom, Rev. Philip S. 
 Nasmyth, George W. 
 Ralston, Rev. Chestor F. 
 Roberts, Rev. William H. 
 Rogers, Henry Wade 
 Spencer, Rev. Claudius B. 
 Taylor, Rev. Graham 
 Thompson, Rev. Charles L. 
 Tipple, Rev. Ezra Squier 
 Vance, Rev. James I. 
 Wenner, Rev. George U. 
 Wilson, Bishop Luther B. 
 Winchester, Rt. Rev. James R. 
 Woelfkin, Rev. Cornelius 
 
 “Voted, that these delegates be requested to have a meeting at the close 
 of the Congress and prepare a report to be submitted to the Commission 
 on Peace and Arbitration and to the Federal Council.” 
 
 It was the preparatory work of the Federal Council of the 
 Churches of Christ in America, its Commission on Peace and 
 Arbitration, and especially the incessant labors and persuasive 
 eloquence of the Commission’s former Secretary, Rev. Frederick 
 Lynch, that prepared the way for the organization of the Church 
 Peace Union; and among the trustees of the Church Peace Union 
 are the President of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ 
 in America, Professor Shailer Mathews; the Chairman of its Com¬ 
 mission on Peace and Arbitration, Rev. J. B. Remensnyder; the 
 former President, Bishop E. R. Hendrix, and a large number of 
 other officers and representatives of the Federal Council. The 
 Federal Council also gave its Peace and Arbitration Secretary, 
 Dr. Lynch, to the Church Peace Union, in the belief that he 
 could do a larger work in that position. 
 
 39 
 
I have given a review which I profoundly believe reveals and 
 prophesies the spirit of the Christian churches of the United States. 
 
 This review relates only to the thirty religious bodies fed¬ 
 erated in the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, 
 and I should be ungenerous did I not say that the other religious 
 bodies, not included in the Federal Council, are all of the same 
 spirit and temper; and, while I can not speak for them officially, 
 I cheerfully undertake to do so personally. In the Church Peace 
 Union we have the opportunity to represent, in an unofficial but yet 
 effective way, the whole religious sentiment of our nation. 
 
 The Federal Council freely co-operates, not only with all re¬ 
 ligious bodies in these concerns, but the influence and forces of the 
 Council have been placed at the disposal of the Peace Organiza¬ 
 tions, and on many occasions we have acted by their guidance, 
 notably with the ISTew York Peace Society and its Secretary, Rev. 
 William H. Short, and with the support of the American Asso¬ 
 ciation for International Conciliation and the counsel of its Presi¬ 
 dent, Nicholas Murray Butler and its Secretary, Frederick P. 
 Keppel. 
 
 The President of the Council, Professor Shailer Mathews, its 
 International Representative, Dr. Sidney L. Gulick, and the Sec¬ 
 retary represent the churches at the various Peace Congresses, the 
 Lake Mohonk Conference, on the American Centenary Committee, 
 and many similar movements. 
 
 The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, 
 therefore, gladly conveys through the Church Peace Union and 
 its Secretary, my honored colleague, Dr. Lynch, the greetings, the 
 goodwill and the brotherhood of the Protestant Evangelical 
 churches of America to the churches and the people of Europe. 
 In this connection I ought to remind you that the movement for 
 International Peace among the churches is due, like all such 
 movements, pre-eminently to the leadership of one man, Dr. Lynch, 
 and the participation of other personalities has been largely by 
 his initiative, and has been willingly performed under his wise 
 and enthusiastic leadership. 
 
 On behalf of my associate, Rev. Sidney L. Gulick, our Repre¬ 
 sentative on International Relations, and the other delegates sent 
 here by the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, 
 I do not hesitate to say that we enter this Conference freely and 
 gladly, to serve and to act without restraint, in any way that may 
 
 40 
 
be clearly revealed as in accordance with the principles of the 
 Gospel professed and proclaimed by the Churches of Christ in 
 America. 
 
 41 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 Books issued or distributed by the Book Department of the 
 Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, 105 East 
 22d Street, New York, containing material relative to the Peace 
 Movement and the Social Movement in the churches: 
 
 Church Federation.— Edited by E. B. Sanford, Honorary 
 Secretary of the Federal Council. 
 
 The Federal Council. —Edited by E. B. Sanford. 
 
 Christian Unity at Work. —Edited by the Secretary of the 
 Federal Council. 
 
 The Peace Problem and What Makes a Nation Great.— 
 By Frederick Lynch, Secretary of the Church Peace Union and 
 former Secretary of the Federal Council Commission on Peace 
 and Arbitration. 
 
 The Christian Ministry and the Social Order.— Edited 
 by the Secretary of the Federal Council. 
 
 Spiritual Culture and Social Service. —By Charles S. 
 Macfarland. 
 
 A Yearbook of the Church and Social Service. —By Harry 
 F. Ward, Associate Secretary of the Federal Council Commission 
 on the Church and Social Service. 
 

 
 
 
 
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