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 yoor 
 
 MISSIONARY HEROES COURSE 
 
 LIFE STORIES OF GREAT MISSIONARIES FOR 
 
 TEEN AGE BOYS 
 
 ARRANGED IN PROGRAMS 
 
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 ANDREW yCLING 
 
 Representative of the Great Physician in Shensi 
 
 SOURCE BOOK 
 
 "ANDREW YOUNG OF SHENSI” 
 
 By J. C. Keyte 
 
 Program prepared by 
 FLOYD L. CARR 
 
 Baptist Board of Education 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF MISSIONARY EDUCATION 
 
 276 Fifth Avenue, New York City 
 
 Course No. 3 
 

 
 
 
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ANDREW YOUNG 
 
 Representative of the Great Physician 
 
 in Shensi 
 
 SOURCE BOOK 
 
 “Andrew Young of Shensi” 
 
 By J. C. KEYTE 
 
 Baptist Board of Education 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF MISSIONARY EDUCATION 
 276 Fifth Avenue, New York City 
 
PAGE 
 
 OUTLINE 
 
 Introductory Statement 
 
 Program for Meeting . 
 
 Life Sketch . 
 
 Life Incidents . 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 7 
 
 Programs based upon “Andrew Young of Shensi” 
 
 By J. C. Keyte 
 The Carey Press, London 
 
 FOREWORD 
 
 HE Missionary Heroes Course for Boys meets a real need. It 
 
 is a series of missionary programs for boys based on great 
 biographies which every boy should know. Courses Number One, 
 Two and Three are now available, each providing programs for 
 twelve months, which may be used in the monthly meetings of boys’ 
 groups. Other courses are in preparation and will be issued for 
 subsequent years. 
 
 It is suggested that the leader purchase two copies of each 
 booklet; one to be kept for reference and the other to be cut up to 
 provide each boy with his assigned part. Some may prefer to pur¬ 
 chase one booklet and typewrite the parts for assignment. In order 
 to tie together the life incidents as they are presented by the boys, 
 the leader should master the facts outlined in the biographical 
 sketch and read carefully the volume upon which the program is 
 based. These volumes are missionary classics and may be made the 
 basis of a worthwhile library of Christian adventure. 
 
 Boys are keenly interested in stories of adventure and achieve¬ 
 ment and it is hoped that participation in the programs will lead 
 many of the boys to read these great missionary biographies. Atten¬ 
 tion is called to the thirty-five other life-story programs now avail¬ 
 able for Courses Number One, Two and Three, listed on the last 
 page. The books upon which these programs are based may be 
 loaned through public libraries or purchased from the American 
 Baptist Publication Society and other book-selling agencies. 
 
 Portraits of these missionary heroes are also available for pur¬ 
 chase at fifteen cents a copy or $1.50 for each set of twelve. 
 
 While these programs have been developed to meet the needs of 
 boys’ organizations of all types—i. e., Organized Classes, Boy 
 Scouts, Knights of King Arthur, etc.—they were especially pre¬ 
 pared for the Royal Ambassadors, a world outlook organization 
 for ’teen age boys originating in the southland and since adapted tc 
 the needs of the Northern Baptist boys by the Department oi 
 Missionary Education. We commend these materials to all lovers 
 of boys. 
 
 William A. Hill. 
 
PROGRAM FOR MEETING 
 
 1. Scripture Reading: Matthew 25:34-46. Verses 36 and 40: “I 
 was siek and ye visited me. . . . Inasmuch as ye have done 
 it unto the least of these, my brethren, ye have done it unto 
 me.” As a physician and surgeon in Shensi, China, Dr. An¬ 
 drew Young proved himself a worthy follower of The Great 
 Physician. (See the closing paragraph on page 188 of “An¬ 
 drew Young of Shensi” by J. C. Keyte and the excerpts 
 printed under item number twelve in this program entitled, 
 “His Medical Ministry.”) 
 
 2. Prayer. 
 
 3. Hymn: “O J esus, I H ave Promised.” This hymn was com¬ 
 posed by John E. Bode in 1869, the year of the birth of 
 Andrew Young. Perhaps more than any other hymn, it ex¬ 
 presses the fervor and singleness of purpose on his part to 
 dedicate his life to the service of Jesus Christ and those for 
 whom Christ died. (See especially pages 18 to 21 of the 
 above book, excerpts from which will be found under item num¬ 
 ber five in this booklet, entitled: “Boyhood Influences.”) 
 
 4. Introduction to the Life Story* (based upon the brief sketch 
 in this booklet—pages 4 and 5). 
 
 5. Boyhood Influences. (Pages 18, 19-20, 20-21 of the source 
 book: “Andrew Young of Shensi” by J. C. Keyte.) 
 
 j. Enlisting for Missionary Service. (Pages 26-27, 85.) 
 
 7. Deciding to Prepare for Medical Service. (Pages 62-63, 73- 
 74.) 
 
 8. Earnest Christian Service in Africa. (Pages 95, 102-103.) 
 
 9. Beginning Medical Work in Shensi, China. (Pages 110-111, 
 113-114.) 
 
 10. His Marriage to Dr. Charlotte Murdoch. (Pages 139-140, 
 142-143, 145.) 
 
 11. His First Woman Patient. (Pages 164-166.) 
 
 12. His Medical Ministry. (Pages 152, 177, 185, 253.) 
 
 13. In Peril at the Beginning of the Revolution. (Pages 236-237, 
 241-242, 243, 244.) 
 
 14. Paying the Penalty of Overwork. (Pages 288-289, 300-301, 
 309, 310-311.) 
 
 *The leader should master the brief summary given in this booklet and read 
 the book, “Andrew Young of Shensi," by J. C. Keyte, upon which this program 
 is based. 
 
 3 
 
SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF 
 ANDREW YOUNG 
 
 Scotland, the home of a host of illustrious missionaries—to men¬ 
 tion no more than James Chalmer, Alexander Duff, James Gilmour, 
 David Livingstone, Alexander Mackay, Robert Moffat and John 
 Paton—added another star to her crown in cradling Andrew Young. 
 He was born at Crossdykes, Dumfrieshire, Scotland, in the year 
 1869. When the lad was but three, the family moved to Langholm, 
 an important center in the tweed cloth industry. His father be¬ 
 came an elder in the Church and was active in religious work. 
 His mother was a woman of deep spiritual insight. 
 
 H is schooling, and later his service as a pupil-teacher at Lang¬ 
 holm Academy, gave him an excellent foundation in the essentials 
 of an education. When twenty-one he enlisted for service in 
 Congo, Africa, as a transport agent under the Congo-Bololo Mis¬ 
 sion, established by Dr. Harry Guinness. His six years of ser¬ 
 vice in Africa served as a preparation for his notable ministry in 
 Shensi, China. First at Matadi and later at Lukunga, he added 
 to his transport duties an evangelistic and medical ministry and 
 greatly endeared himself to the people. The physical needs of the 
 natives of the Congo directed his thought to the value of the ser¬ 
 vice rendered by a medical missionary and he wrote home to 
 Scotland: “If I am spared to come home after three years, I 
 should like to take a course in medicine as a medical missionary.” 
 
 A third and very severe attack of the dreaded Blackwater fever 
 terminated his six years of service in Africa. On reaching Scot¬ 
 land, after a brief stay at home with his parents, he began his 
 medical studies in Glasgow. To finance his course, he took a posi¬ 
 tion with the Quarrier’s Orphan Homes, Glasgow, a valuable ex¬ 
 perience for his future work in China. He served as a house 
 surgeon in both the General Hospital and the Opthalmic Hospital 
 of Glasgow (where diseases of the eye were treated). Later he 
 rounded-out his eight years of preparation with a course at the 
 London Hospital, where he specialized in diseases of the eye. 
 
 In October, 1905, he sailed under the appointment of the Bap¬ 
 tist Mission Society for hospital service at Sianfu, Shensi, China. 
 Sianfu is the ancient capital of China and the place to which the 
 Empress Dowager had fled from Peking in 1900, when the Boxers 
 were defeated. It was to become the center of his work for 
 seventeen strenuous years. 
 
 4 
 
Less than two years later he was joined by Dr. Charlotte Mur¬ 
 doch, whose birthplace was Maryland, and who had been assisting 
 Dr. G. Campbell Morgan in the Westminster Church, London. 
 Three of her sisters were already engaged in missionary work in 
 China, so that there were many cords drawing her to the Celes¬ 
 tial Kingdom. On her arrival they were married at Shanghai, 
 and, as a wedding trip, journeyed to Shensi by boat on the Han 
 River, a trip requiring three months. It was the beginning of 
 many similar journeys, for they both were natural nomads and 
 responded ever to the lure of “the long road which stretches and 
 the roadside fire.” 
 
 The area covered by the doctors stationed at the Sianfu Hos¬ 
 pital exceeded in size that of England, for patients were drawn 
 from remote centers. In cases of serious illness on the part of 
 missionaries connected with the Swedish, the Congregational or 
 the China Inland Mission, Dr. and Mrs. Young, the one as phy¬ 
 sician and surgeon and the other as nurse, would pack their kit 
 and take their babe and start for a ten or twelve-day journey at 
 short notice. 
 
 It was while responding to a call for help from a remote mis¬ 
 sion station in 1911 that Dr. and Mrs. Young were caught in the 
 upheaval attending the Revolution. Shensi province became one 
 of the storm centers of the uprising. The lives of many foreigners 
 in the interior were in grave danger, and though the missionaries 
 had loyal friends, the secret societies were pledged to exterminate 
 the foreign “invaders.” Warned at Chungpu by a pupil from the 
 mission school at Sianfu, they made their way across the moun¬ 
 tains to the open country. Sheltered and guided by loyal helpers, 
 hidden for a week in a cave, they were finally rescued and brought 
 to Sianfu by a military escort. 
 
 Two years later, early in 1913, Dr. Young’s two associates in the 
 hospital work at Sianfu, Dr. H. Stanley Jenkins and Dr. Cecil F. 
 Robertson, were both stricken with typhus fever and his fur¬ 
 lough in the homeland was necessarily cut short. He returned 
 at once to Shensi, doing double duty for humanity and Jesus 
 Christ. He was never content to simply minister to the physical 
 needs of his patients but sought ever to point all who came under 
 his care to the Great Physician. He wrote home saying: “The 
 staff (nurses and others) . . . begin to realize more that the cure 
 of souls is not simply something that we indulge in in our spare 
 moments but the objective of all our work.” 
 
 After four years of almost incessant toil and anxiety, he suf¬ 
 fered a severe breakdown in 1918 and was obliged to leave Sianfu 
 for a complete rest. On his return to his post, the renewal of civil 
 warfare again increased his burdens and undermined his resistance. 
 
Great was his relief, therefore, when reinforcements arrived in 
 England in the person of Dr. Broomhall and lie was free to fulfill 
 a long-cherished dream, and in 1921 take charge of a small hos¬ 
 pital across the river .at San Yuan. He felt that it would afford 
 him greater opportunity to give to a smaller number of patients 
 a larger spiritual ministry. His words at the beginning of his 
 missionary service in Africa, “I tried to bring before him Jesus 
 as the Savior of sinners,” are especially true of the seventeen years 
 of medical ministry in China. 
 
 In April 1922, he was stricken with that dreaded disease, 
 “typhus” and because he had not spared himself in his unstinted 
 service to even “the least of these my brethren,” his condition 
 was serious from the first. In spite of medical skill and devoted 
 nursing, on April 29, 1922, his spirit passed from the hospital in 
 Shensi to the House of Many Mansions. 
 
 a 
 
INCIDENTS IN THE LIFE OF 
 ANDREW YOUNG 
 
 Reprinted from “Andrew Young of Shensi” 
 
 By J. C. Keyte 
 
 By permission of the publishers, The Carey Press, London 
 
 Boyhood Influences. (Pages 18, 19-20, 20-21.) 
 
 George Young and his wife Hannah (whose maiden name 
 was Armstrong) brought their boy of three years to Langholm 
 in 1872. A eentre of the famous tweed cloth industry, Lang¬ 
 holm offered opportunities to men of enterprise whom the land 
 supported ill, and immigration to the town from the country 
 districts was a regular feature of Dumfrieshire life. For fifteen 
 years Andrew Young received in Langholm the varied training 
 which is given to any one who is not a fool and who lives in 
 the pulsating microcosm of a country town which is large enough 
 for a civic consciousness and not too large for observation of 
 character. The parish church, the U. F. kirks, the school, the 
 library, and the famous mills gave the town a full and varied 
 life. And, it was extremely Scotch. For vivid Scottish conscious¬ 
 ness, one goes neither to Edinburgh nor Braemar; not even to 
 Aberdeen; but to the lowlanders of the Border country, who are 
 so keenly aware of what they have just, and only just escaped, 
 viz., being born south of the Tweed. And Langholm is only 
 twenty miles north of Carlisle. 
 
 Of the many factors of his Langholm life there were three 
 for which Andrew Young was ever thankful: his home, his church 
 and his school. . . . 
 
 The church was the North United Free Church, where his 
 father worshipped in 1872. George Young was one of those 
 remarkable men, who, more even than her devoted and scholarly 
 clergy, have made the United Free Church of Scotland what she 
 is today. He became a member of the church in 1873 and was 
 ordained an elder in 1882. To be an elder was no light matter. 
 It involved a considerable amount of public speaking, religious visi¬ 
 tation, prayer in the homes thus visited, especially in the distress¬ 
 ing conditions of sickness and sorrow. It meant, further, the 
 jealous maintenance of a high standard of honor in the public 
 conduct of church affairs. In 1891 he was appointed session-clerk 
 
 7 
 
and held that office until 1903. His Sunday School teaching en¬ 
 tailed careful preparation. In addition, he was one of the founders 
 of the Home Mission and a hard-working member of the 
 Y. M. C. A., taking his spiritual responsibilities in connection 
 with the Association very seriously. And this was no case of a 
 man who neglected his daily livelihood or the duties of his home 
 in order to play a prominent part on a public stage. He did his 
 business well and faithfully, whilst his home was a place of genu¬ 
 ine happiness and prosperity. 
 
 Great as the father was in character, the mother was even 
 greater. Much of her woman's abilities would go unrecognized 
 into the daily life of her husband, and the fact that she was 
 hailed as a worthy “help-meet,” a “second” to her husband, rather 
 than given recognition for herself, would trouble her not at all; 
 life was too fine, too splendid, to worry over trivial questions of 
 precedence. There was a home to be turned into a heaven, chil¬ 
 dren to be made members of Christ, an enterprise to be wrought 
 only in the unity of the Spirit. Love and gentleness, unwearying- 
 service, unwavering faith, informed this gracious woman’s nature. 
 When the children grew up and went out into the great cities, 
 it was she who, with her pen, week after week, kept vivid before 
 their minds the Christ-filled life which had drawn them, whilst 
 yet in Langholm, to the Christ himself. . . . 
 
 He solved his problem by watching the daily life of his father 
 and mother. If they had failed him, his story might have been 
 a very different one. Upright, cleanly, kindly, I think he would 
 in any case have been, but instead of an explanation of life which 
 brought him daily joy and support, he might have gone through 
 life wistfully questioning; a stoic who could only look to “the 
 choir invisible of those immortal dead who live again in minds 
 made better by their presence,” for any hope beyond. He would 
 in all probability have been a useful citizen, “a good man,” but 
 he would not have found the door into that Secret Garden in 
 which he walked with his Lord. The doctors in the Temple might 
 have answered his questions but their answers would have left 
 him lonely and in the shadow. Joy and sunlight came to him 
 in another place—in the home. Reading of Andrew Young’s home 
 life, one thinks of the words, so vivid as a bit of human as well 
 as divine history, which describe the boy Jesus who returned from 
 the Temple to Nazareth and was subject to His parents, and so 
 “grew in wisdom and stature and in favor with God and with 
 man.” 
 
 Enlisting for Missionary Service. (Pages 26-27, 85.) 
 
 At some time during his pupil-teacher days, Andrew Young 
 
 8 
 
had settled the question of his life work. His form master asked 
 him one day what he meant to be, and the answer was definite: a 
 missionary on the Congo. His further preparation was well thought 
 out. The school had done all it could for him, first as a pupil and 
 now as a teacher; if he was to become an industrial missionary— 
 and at the time that was his plan—he would need some business 
 experience. The next step was an office in Glasgow, where, if 
 anywhere, the outlines of export and shipping, accountancy and 
 business method, might be learned. As stenographer and account¬ 
 ant he passed two years in the city. 
 
 By 1890 he was ready, waiting for the opening which he be¬ 
 lieved would come. Nor was the expectation disappointed. Away 
 on the Congo River, at the station of Tunduwa, the Congo-Balolo 
 Mission had a representative who, in addition to carrying on his 
 ordinary mission work, was burdened with the task of arranging 
 caravans for transport so as to supply the needs of fellow mis¬ 
 sionaries further up-country. The labor entailed in engaging car¬ 
 riers, paying them, not in coin but in the currency of barter— 
 brass rods, cotton goods, etc.—the store-keeping which was the 
 corollary of such barter, the keeping of accounts, had proved all 
 too much for one man, and he had broken down under the strain. 
 The Mission looked around for a layman to go out to act as 
 business man at Tunduwa, and Andrew Young volunteered for the 
 post. His acceptance was very hearty and as soon as his outfit 
 was ready, he proceeded to Rotterdam to join the S.S. Afrikaan, 
 which would carry him to the Dutch trading station at Banana 
 on the West African coast. 
 
 Previous to leaving England, he went up to Cliff College in 
 Derbyshire, so that through a week’s intercourse he might know 
 personally the people directly responsible for the business direction 
 of the Congo-Balolo Mission, a friendship which in the case of Dr. 
 Harry Guinness himself was deepened in later years in Congo. . . . 
 
 It is to be noted that his work here (Lukunga) for the first 
 time was almost entirely evangelistic. He was neither doing trans¬ 
 port work nor his amateur medical work, but preaching and teach¬ 
 ing continuously. The “business” work which he had in his earlier 
 term deplored no longer acted as a safety valve. That work, 
 which he had at times deemed uninspiring, had, within its limits, 
 truly held an inspiration; the inspiration of tangible, visible, actual 
 results. Two hundred cases unloaded into the store meant a defi¬ 
 nite contribution to the whole work of the mission; a caravan 
 safely organized and started on its way meant another small tri¬ 
 umph over those perversities of temper, inertia, and circumstance 
 whereby Africa manifested her opposition to the New Kingdom— 
 a Kingdom of the Spirit. After days of such work the man went 
 
 9 
 
to bed healthily tired. He might cry “How long, O Lord?” 
 anent the whole question of Gospel penetration into this dark 
 region, but at least he had little to worry over as to his particular 
 work’s thoroughness. 
 
 Deciding to Prepare for Medical Service. (Pages 
 62-63, 73-74-) 
 
 The bent of Andrew Young’s mind to what was to be his life’s 
 work became stronger as the months passed. The desperate plight 
 of these poor people in their bodily distress appealed to him in¬ 
 creasingly. He began to make a practice on Sundays, after helping 
 in the main general religious morning service, of walking up the 
 hill to the railway “hospital” to do what he could, unofficially, for 
 the sufferers there. 
 
 His “medical” work was of course a medical missionary work: 
 he held services regularly with the patients and distributed large 
 numbers of English tracts, which the patients could read easily, 
 he found, and with which his friends and neighbors of the English 
 Baptist Mission kindly supplied him. By April he is clear as to 
 his future line of service: “If I am spared to come home after 
 three years, I should like to take a course in medicine as a medical 
 missionary.” . . . 
 
 •J 
 
 On leaving Africa, Dr. Guinness left Young a “Materia Medica,” 
 and a work on therapeutics, whilst a medicine chest had already 
 arrived for him from home. “I intend studying the books care¬ 
 fully in order to understand thoroughly how to use the drugs and 
 so be able to Help those round about.” It is evident that the trend 
 to future medical work is now fixed. An outbreak of sickness 
 amongst his staff, which kept him busy both as doctor and nurse, 
 only served to strengthen his resolve. 
 
 Earnest Christian Service in Africa. (Pages 95, 
 102-103.) 
 
 In Lukunga the days sped by. His store-helpers worked as 
 well as he could make them, the house-boy cooked and swept, load 
 after load brought through the jungle by his caravans filled the 
 store, which was emptied again as the stations farther up-country 
 sent in their requests. Disputes between carriers, grievances 
 amongst workmen, precautions against robberies, all took up time. 
 The medical work grew more and more. It was increasingly diffi¬ 
 cult to confine it to certain hours of the day: who can close down 
 when “emergency cases,” brought in slung hammocks over many 
 weary forest miles, come in outside “consulting hours?” 
 
 10 
 
But greater than any other responsibility was that of an over¬ 
 seer of the flock of God, “the care of the churches,” involving 
 constant decisions which might, humanly speaking, make or mar a 
 soul. It is easy to say that we must not take ourselves too seri¬ 
 ously, that “we can only do our best and leave it.” At twenty-six, 
 with no colleague at hand to consult, lacking the guidance of prece¬ 
 dents and the philosophy which the years bring, the burden was 
 almost unbearable. Always by deed and word there was the main 
 objective to be more nearly approached, to make Jesus known to 
 these children of Africa. Each day seemed as full as it could 
 be, and yet each day had to have a little more crammed into it. 
 And the full days passed into weeks, and the weeks into months, 
 until he seemed to have been forever and ever by that brown, 
 rolling river. . . . 
 
 The days went by, filled with labor: the medical work, the 
 business side inseparable from any mission station, the daily 
 preaching, the long marches to out-stations, and the nerve-wrecking 
 “palavers,” trying to settle recondite questions often dependent 
 upon native customs too obscure for any foreigner to trace. And 
 then, at a time when the reserves of even his magnificent physique 
 were used up, the dreaded haematuric fever again came upon 
 him. There was no European at hand, but Mantu Parkinson, the 
 first baptized Congo convert of the B. M. S., was acting as trans¬ 
 port agent of that society in Lukunga. He took over the work 
 until help came from down-river, whilst he and the Congo “boys” 
 tended Young as well as they were able. They sent down .a mes¬ 
 sage to Wathen, the English Baptist Mission station, for help, 
 and Young’s old friend, G. R. R. Cameron, went up at speed to 
 nurse him. The fever was defeated yet once more, but this time 
 the resilience was very, very slow. Mr. Bain of his own Mission 
 in Matadi, had come up, on hearing of Young’s illness, to take 
 charge of the work in Lukunga, and he also contracted the fever, 
 so that Cameron had two patients in succession. Till Mr. Bain was 
 up and about again, Young managed to hold on, but the worn-out 
 body which had so valiantly marched countless miles in the suf¬ 
 focating bush and under a tropical sun, was down and out this 
 time: the gallant spirit which had kept fevers at bay by sheer pluck 
 and endurance, singing most untunefully, “Ye’re a’ welcome hame,” 
 the spirit which had forced the spent frame over weary miles to 
 save sick bodies and to comfort sick souls—the spirit was all out 
 of him now. He went up to the B.M.S. station at Wathen, hoping 
 that the change and rest might help him, but a black depression 
 followed him. To the missionaries there, it was evident that he 
 needed his home climate and a thorough rest, and they wisely per¬ 
 suaded him that for the sake of his future usefulness is was his 
 
 11 
 
duty to set out for England. One of their number traveled with 
 him from Wathen to the railway, and the next letter home is dated 
 from the coast, four months after his illness^ 
 
 Beqinninq Medical Work in Shensi, China. (Paqes 
 110-111, 113-114.) 
 
 In October 1904, the need of a medical man to work with Dr. 
 Edwards, in the hospital at Shou Yang, in Shensi, was advertised 
 in the Student Movement. This attracted his attention, since Dr. 
 Edward’s name was well known to the missionary enthusiast, who, 
 having lived in Rochdale, had inevitably come into contact with 
 the Kemp family, to which Mrs. Edwards belonged. By November, 
 1904, he wrote from London that the matter was definitely settled, 
 though various duties would keep him in England for some months. 
 By October 1905, his way was clear, and he set sail for Shanghai 
 on the Prinz Heinrich. . . . 
 
 At Shanghai, where he had intended to catch a Tientsin steamer 
 in order to reach Tai Yuan, the capital of Shensi, he received a 
 wire from Dr. Edwards of that city asking him if he would go 
 temporarily to Sianfu, the capital of Shensi, as the Mission there 
 was in urgent need of help. This meant a radical change of plan, 
 a long separation from his heavy luggage and from redirected let¬ 
 ters, which would find him only after many days. It is the sort 
 of contretemps which so many Indian Civil servants, army offi¬ 
 cers, business folk and missionaries in the East are meeting con¬ 
 stantly, and in which an equable temperament and a not undue 
 sense of one’s own self-importance are valuable. Young took it 
 all very calmly, and had “no doubt that the change of destination 
 will serve some wise purpose.” Years later he would remind us 
 humorously that we in Shensi must treat him respectfully, or he 
 would pack up his traps and make for his real station, which was 
 Shansi. At the moment of his changed plans, though writing only 
 from Shanghai, he still managed to convey to his home people 
 some Shensi local color, telling them that Sianfu is the ancient 
 capital of China, the place to which the Empress Dowager fled 
 from Peking in 1900 after the Boxer defeat. 
 
 His Marriage to Dr. Charlotte Murdoch. (Pages 139- 
 140, U2-143, 145.) 
 
 When Dr. Campbell Morgan accepted the invitation in 1904 
 to start the great work which he was to carry out in Westminster, 
 he looked around for a suitable lieutenant for the women’s side 
 of the work and invited Charlotte Murdoch to undertake the task. 
 
 12 
 
For eighteen months after her graduation, she had combined dea¬ 
 coness training with medical practice. The invitation now given 
 pointed both to a great opportunity and a great sacrifice. To 
 succeed in the work meant building up a hive of happy human 
 interests amongst the women of the congregation; nurses, secre¬ 
 taries, teachers, typists, retail-house assistants, lodging-house 
 keepers, women of all ages and conditions. Such work needed 
 courage, sureness of touch, intuition and an informed sympathy. 
 It also meant a check to medical work, and this at a period when 
 the graduate most needed practice. For the daughter of a medical 
 man enthusiastic for his profession, a member of a home where 
 medical shop was one of the leading interests—of her sisters, one 
 is a doctor and another is a nurse—it was no light thing to put 
 aside a profession for which she had qualified. 
 
 But while many women were pressing into the medical profes¬ 
 sion, there were few, very few, who could have undertaken, at that 
 date, the particularly delicate work needed at Westminster. And 
 so Dr. Murdoch was sunk in Sister Charlotte, and Dr. Campbell 
 Morgan got his lieutenant who organized and led the deaconess 
 corps in Buckingham Gate. 
 
 It was there in 1905 that Andrew Young (who at the time was 
 acting as assistant to Dr. Brailey, the Harley Street eye specialist), 
 working as hard on Sundays as on week days, came to help in 
 the Sunday School at Westminster Church, London—where he 
 kept his boys entranced with tales of Congo life—and in following 
 up cases of men who had been influenced by evangelistic services. 
 The friendship then formed between the head of the “follow-up” 
 department and her volunteer assistant resulted later in a loss to 
 the Westminster staff and a gain for that of Shensi when Sister 
 Charlotte came out there to share Andrew Young’s life and work. 
 
 By the rules of the B. M. S. he could not marry with the So¬ 
 ciety’s consent until after the completion of his first year’s language 
 study, but by February 1907, he was ready to proceed to Shanghai, 
 take his examination there, and await the arrival of his wife to 
 be. The shopping expeditions in search of furniture which fol¬ 
 lowed their marriage were sandwiched between the meetings of the 
 great Ecumenical Conference of 1907, a happy introduction for 
 Mrs. Andrew Young to her future life in China. 
 
 They came back by the Han River, a three months’ trip, working 
 on the language with a teacher en route. By road and cart, one 
 can do practically nothing in this way, since such travel, though 
 enjoyable, leaves little energy for study in the inns at the close 
 of the day, whereas on a boat study is possible. . . . 
 
 The last stage of the journey from the Han River to the city, 
 given good weather and roads free from bandits—and in those days 
 
 13 
 
there was real government in Shensi—is a delight. Young had 
 always found in mountain scenery an uplift that took him out of 
 himself. He was not likely to appreciate it less on the journey on 
 which he brought home his wife. 
 
 “On Wednesday, our course lay up the bed of the stream the 
 whole day, through a gorge, there being magnificent high mountains 
 on either side, all to a greater or less extent clothed in green right 
 up to the summit. Thursday and Friday, however, crowned all, as 
 far as scenery is concerned. We passed through the high mountain 
 ranges forming the watershed between the Yangtze and the Yellow 
 Rivers. The scenery was simply superb and cannot be described on 
 paper. At the base of the hills stretched the light green of the rice 
 fields, above was the darker green of the trees, and higher still the 
 yet darker combination of green and brown rising to the summits 
 of the hills.”. 
 
 This picture of their journey from the coast, their interest in the 
 scenes through which they passed, and in the people whom they 
 met, their facility for making light of the discomforts of travel, of 
 enjoying it all as a picnic, brings out a characteristic which Young 
 and his wife had in common; they were incorrigible gypsies. “The 
 long road which stretches and the roadside fire” was to them pure 
 joy. To pack up a change of linen, a Eible and a medical book or 
 two and go off to the rescue of some sick body separated from them 
 by roaring rivers and muddy roads was quite a casual affair. Even 
 the babies that came later did not cure them. Russell Young must 
 have travelled thousands of miles. Father was needed as a doctor, 
 mother as a doctor or nurse or anaesthetist or housekeeper—it was 
 all one so long as it was service, and it was all good fun—and so 
 the babe was packed into the mule litter or cart, and off went the 
 whole happy family in the greatest good humor. The Lord wanted 
 a piece of work done and these two loyal souls set about the doing 
 of it, not in the spirit of servants carrying out a task, but as those 
 who had once for all the word, “I call you not servants but friends.” 
 As their Lord’s disciples and friends they set out on the path He 
 showed them. 
 
 His First Woman Patient. (Pages 164-166.) 
 
 One gets a better opportunity of realizing the worth of this 
 character and also the discipline of the spirit which she represents, 
 by reading Young (and others) upon the first woman patient of 
 the Sianfu hospital. She impressed him so much that he does not 
 give her name but refers to her always as if she were above mere 
 surnames. Her name was Li. She was suffering from a large tumor 
 which involved a heavy operation and a prolonged stay in the 
 
 14 
 
hospital. Having been aecustomed to ruling the little world of her 
 own household—husband, sons, daughters-in-law and grandchildren 
 —with an iron hand, she naturally wanted at first to rule the 
 women’s ward of the hospital likewise. For the foreign doctor she 
 had respect. Here was deep calling unto deep. Did he not also 
 rule a little kingdom ? A fellow potentate she could meet on terms 
 of amity. But as for ward boys, dispensers, assistants, male- or 
 female, let them recognize authority. Was she not the old lady? 
 Had not her daughters-in-law born men children into the world? 
 Was it not fixed in the laws of the universe that to such as she 
 rule was given ? And she proceeded by the power of her tongue to 
 attempt to extend her empire. Poor lao t’ai-t’ai! She met with 
 some severe shocks and put up a brave fight before she recognized 
 that even in a mission hospital, where kindness is the dominant note 
 and red tape is never exalted, there must be rules and these must 
 be followed by all inmates; even by the exalted in the earth. Very 
 voluble were her protests, very scathing her scorn; driven out of 
 one entrenchment, she fought gamely in the next; but at length, 
 when it was made clear that she must obey or go, she submitted, 
 only to find out how delightful submission could be. 
 
 She set herself, whilst in the hospital, to learn what could be 
 learned, and her powerful intellect found a whole world of interest 
 in the new ways of management she saw around her. But especially 
 she set herself to learn “the teaching” which she was quick to see 
 was the spring of the whole hospital life. She learned to read, 
 she learned to pray, she even attempted to sing. And she broke 
 through the barriers of age and prejud.ee and pride, when she 
 learned the Truth that is in Jesus Christ. Her nature was trans¬ 
 figured, but the proportion of its elements was still there. A leader 
 she would always be. As she had led in her village, so now she 
 led in the women’s ward; as she had forced her previous convictions 
 upon the attention of her neighbors, so now she went about telling 
 those whom she met of the Jesus who had come into her life “telling 
 her all things that ever she did.” And on her lips was the question: 
 “Is not this the Christ?” The fine intellect, which had been so 
 starved, had a new world of thought opened to it, to which it 
 turned gratefully. 
 
 When she returned home she sang not only the praises of the 
 physician and the hospital staff—though the loyal, grateful soul 
 did that in full measure—she sang the praises of her Savior and 
 was determined that “everybody should know” what joy was hers 
 and might be theirs. She was back shortly at the hospital clamoring 
 for preachers to be sent to her village. Husband and sons had to 
 tramp miles to attend worship. The wonder is that they did not 
 hate it, but presumably they had so long listened to her dictates 
 
 15 
 
when these were burdensome, that the new orders seemed easy 
 enough to obey. And soon they reached that point when they came 
 for their own sakes. “We were surprised on Sunday afternoon, 
 seeing that it was a very wet day, to have our afternoon service 
 so well attended and to see the bright, smiling face of the husband 
 of our first woman patient. He had tramped nearly ten miles in 
 the rain.” . . . The early services in her home resulted in a whole 
 village being interested, and a place of worship—the first purely 
 Shensi church home thus erected—was built. 
 
 His Medical Ministry. (Pages 152, 177, 185, 253.) 
 
 It is on this road work that the medical missionary sees for 
 himself what suffering the Chinese endure through wrong treatment 
 at the hands of the old-style practitioners. A certain knowledge of 
 herbs these latter have gathered during the long centuries, and in 
 some of their methods, such, for example, as counter-irritants, they 
 show skill; but their plasters, their objection to soap and warm 
 w r ater, their needle-probing and other devices mean martyrdom to 
 many a sufferer. When one dives beneath the surface to find out the 
 why and wherefore of their treatment, the grotesqueness of the 
 reasoning is often startling. It is a shock, for instance, to come 
 across a patient who, upon his stomach, has a ghastly moving pro¬ 
 tuberance, which turns out to be a frog, which, being cold-blooded, is 
 there to draw away the undue heat of the patient’s troubled organs. 
 The doctors in Shensi were constantly meeting with instances of 
 such methods. “We have one man who had his eye pierced to cure 
 cataract, the result being that he lost it”—the loss being the eye 
 and not the cataract. “Another man who came had had needles 
 stuck in about the stomach and shoulder-blade to cure indigestion. 
 Strangely enough, he got no better but rather worse.”. 
 
 Young’s first operation in China was, characteristically enough, 
 upon one of the poor outcasts. He saw him again in February, 
 1908, at the yearly meetings, to which the members came from far 
 and near. In 1905 this man had been a regular tramp—dirty, 
 ragged, very nearly blind; now he was a clean, cheerful-looking, 
 strong fellow with perfect sight. He had become a church member. 
 “There are some bright spots,” Young adds, “in the medical work, 
 as you see. This is one of the direct results from it, as the man 
 had had no previous interest in or knowledge of Christian truth.” 
 
 The first insane case that was brought to the hospital was in 
 1903, and the manner of the arrival shocked us greatly. The poor 
 patient, a man about thirty, came loaded with heavy chains and 
 led by his relatives. It seemed a brutal exhibition, yet in an inland 
 province where there are no asylums for the insane, and the family 
 
 16 
 
is too poor to depute one of the members constantly to guard the 
 patient, it is difficult to see what else could be done, if the community 
 is to be safeguarded from the danger of sudden outbreak. 
 
 Here are a few typical cases showing how the medical missionary 
 spent his days: “We are pretty busy, lately having had nearly 
 twice as many patients as we are supposed to find room for. One 
 young fellow was brought in about ten days ago with his thigh 
 bone broken in two places. He had fallen from a roof in the West 
 Suburb. He was a difficult case to manage. The splints would be 
 all fixed carefully and satisfactorily one day, and when I went into 
 the ward next day they were off, lying beside him. This was done 
 several times, but yesterday he seemed to have come to his senses 
 and to be getting on better.” .... 
 
 On December 5, 1911, Young wrote: “Our wards are still as full 
 as ever. No sooner does one go out than another is ready to take 
 
 his place, though there are not quite so many wounded. 
 
 The other day a man came in who had been shot, the bullet having 
 gone in just at the side of the lower part of the nose and out behind 
 the ear, shattering the bones on that side, and the nerve supplying 
 one side of the face. This occurred six weeks before admission. . . . 
 If more wounded come in, the authorities will have to give us a 
 new place as a hospital; we cannot take more on our present 
 premises.” 
 
 In Peril at the Beginning of the Revolution. (Pages 
 236-237, 241-242, 243, 244-) 
 
 It was about midnight when they finally got away. Liu, the 
 horse-boy, and Chi-wa, the cook, each had a bundle containing tins 
 of milk, the baby’s blankets and a little bedding. The party started 
 straight up the mountain that looms above Chungpu. There was 
 no moon, only starlight. At one point on the road, where a member 
 of the church lived, they stopped and entered his house with some 
 difficulty, since he lived in the middle of a village and it was 
 necessary not to disturb the neighbors. This man refused to take 
 them in. He said that the baby would be sure to cry and the 
 neighbors would then discover the whole party. Probably the man 
 was right, and harsh and cruel as such a rebuff seemed to the 
 wanderers, it made for their ultimate safety. Several villages were 
 reached and passed by as silently as possible. The child, sleeping 
 quietly in his father’s arms, gave no sound. No dog barked, no 
 villager stirred. Hour after hour they kept on, until the faint 
 dawn grew into clearer light. 
 
 At six o’clock they dared* go no farther. Turning from the main 
 track, they scouted around for some refuge. In less than five 
 
 17 
 
minutes they found a deserted cave, and there they remained all 
 day. Towards evening Mrs. Young, looking up to the door of the 
 cave, was startled to see a man gazing in upon them. He had been 
 following his cow about along the valley, and was as startled to 
 see a group of people in the cave as they were to see him. He 
 turned out to be an old friend of Ts’ao, whom the latter had not 
 seen for twenty years. Ts’ao called him in and gave him the whole 
 story. The new friend offered to stand guard over them until night¬ 
 fall and keep the villagers away.” .... 
 
 I have often wondered what would happen if a family in England 
 should be wakened up in the middle of the night by absolute 
 strangers fleeing for their lives and asked to take them in and 
 hide, feed and generally provide for them; knowing that it would 
 mean certain death for themselves if they were caught thus giving 
 succor to people who were not only strangers but foreigners as 
 well! The only trouble in those men’s minds was the old couple 
 who lived next door to them. They said the old man was a dreadful 
 chatterer and if he knew that we were there, he would just go 
 down to the fair, and it would soon be all over the country. How 
 to circumvent the old man and his wife was what they were talking 
 about. At last they decided that they would take us about a mile 
 up the valley to another deserted cave, and that they would bring 
 food up to us there, and keep a general look-out and see that 
 nobody went up that way. 
 
 “We had to go up again and walk up the valley in the dark. It 
 was just like every other deserted cave except that far in on one 
 side there was a hole about two feet in diameter, partly in the 
 floor, partly in the wall. This let down into a little place that had 
 evidently been dug out to store grain. It was just high enough to 
 stand upright in and it was big enough for us to lie down in, with 
 room for Ts’ao to lie across our feet. There was plenty of ventila¬ 
 tion through some rat-holes and they put straw down for us to lie 
 
 on. We stayed there for a week.Then after we had been 
 
 there for a week, the boys came back with our escort. The noise 
 of a match scratching above the hole was the way our visitors were 
 announced.” 
 
 For the three young men had succeeded in their venture. Several 
 times on the way they were set on. They were robbed of whal 
 meagre store they had, but finally they reached Sianfu and made 
 their way to the Mission, bringing great relief to the people there, 
 who had day after day longed for some news from the north. 
 
 The new Governor and his staff knew only too well that such an 
 office would be sadly needed after the disastrous way the foreigners’ 
 safety had been overlooked in the first place. Looking around for 
 a good second in command here, he appointed Mr. Shill, who had 
 
 18 
 
been Young’s language teacher. He had, when acting in that 
 capacity for Dr. Creasy Smith in 1900, been for months in Peking 
 after the Siege of the Legations. He had travelled widely in China, 
 was conversant with the foreign point of view, and a better appoint¬ 
 ment could hardly have been made at such a juncture. On hearing 
 of the Youngs’ plight, he was not only shocked because of the 
 reflection such treatment would bring to the new provincial govern¬ 
 ment, he was deeply distressed as a personal friend of the sufferers. 
 He acted w r ith energy and courage, demanding a heavily-armed 
 escort, full powers to deal with local authorities eii route, money 
 and conveyances. Arriving at Iclmn, he sent forward a part of the 
 guard under the guidance of Young’s two boys to bring the fugitives 
 into the town, whilst he himself stayed with the remainder of the 
 guard so as to impress upon the town leaders the importance of his 
 mission, and to see that there should be no ebullition of temper in 
 the place. As a result, the public welcome given to the Youngs 
 upon their appearance November 16, 1911, was a useful little 
 lesson to the whole of that district and an excellent bit of instruc¬ 
 tion for that northern road. Mr. Shih might not know the word 
 “propaganda”; he thoroughly understood the thing. 
 
 Paying the Penalty of Overwork. (Pages 288-289, 300- 
 301, 309, 310-311.) 
 
 Since the time when he left England for China in the spring 
 of 1913, there had been four years of almost incessant toil and 
 anxiety, varied only by travel under trying conditions and at forced 
 speed. Again and again the warning which fatigue should have 
 given him was ignored, its inhibitions kept at bay by the reinforce¬ 
 ments of religious devotion and a steel-like will. But in March, 
 1918, he had a complete collapse, and had to put down everything 
 and leave for Hwai Yuen. 
 
 A deputation from home arrived in November, 1919, and it was 
 decided, after careful consideration and consultation, to close the 
 San Yuan hospital for the time being (as Dr. Charter was going 
 home) and to concentrate at Sianfu until the normal staff there 
 could be guaranteed. Dr. Jones had to escort this deputation to 
 Shantung, where, in a remote station served by no regular medical, 
 a member of the Mission suffering from typhoid detained him. As 
 a consequence Young was again alone for three weary months. All 
 that year the constant racing off to distant towns to attend upon 
 foreigners of various missions was a terrible drain, whilst Dr. 
 Jones, who returned from Shantung in March, broke down badly 
 under the incessant work carried on amongst the wounded through 
 the heat of the South Shensi summer. He had to leave hurriedly 
 
 19 
 
with his family in September and Andrew Young held on as best 
 he could. For three weeks in July there was cessation of fighting. 
 Any civilian patients who could safely be sent home left the 
 hospital, whilst out-patient days were suspended. The Youngs 
 moved out to the East Suburb, which was a shade cooler and at 
 least more in the open. And there, when every moment of those 
 three weeks should have been spent in rest, and at a time when 
 the sweat rolled off the writers on to any paper they touched, he 
 and his wife struggled day after day with hospital accounts! No 
 kindlier, gentler souls ever worked in the mission field, but even 
 from them is wrung the admission “the hospital accounts are 
 intolerable.”. 
 
 Yet, happy as they were at San Yuan, one cloud gathered volume 
 as the months passed. Andrew Young’s store of energy had run 
 dangerously low, whilst he was as far as ever from sparing himself. 
 “If a person is ill,” said his Chinese friends, “it seems as though 
 he takes the illness upon himself.” The burden of his spiritual 
 message grew heavier also, its urgency more insistent. “He speaks 
 as though his heart were almost too full for speech, so earnest is 
 he in all he says,” was their comment on his appearance at the last 
 United Church meetings which he attended. “I shall be glad,” 
 wrote his wife in January, 1922, “to get Andrew home on furlough, 
 for he does need a rest and change. He has had much responsi¬ 
 bility and hard work these many years .... I do hope he will 
 have a real rest without the burden of deputation speaking . . . .” 
 
 Did a smile lurk behind the kindly, patient brown eyes when 
 “Mr. Glory Tai-fu” (Dr. Young) recognized the disease which had 
 seized him ? So often had he fought it across the bodies of others 
 that it seemed almost to wear the face of a friend at last. Typhus 
 might be a dread enemy to the many but for Cecil Robertson, 
 Stanley Jenkins and Andrew Young it was, after all, only a messen¬ 
 ger. “He maketli His ministers a flame of fire.” Over the body of 
 this beloved physician, as over many a patient of his before, the 
 battle was waged, and this time with better human hopes. Never 
 before had Shensi had two British doctors and four British nurses 
 available for one patient. Almost to the end it seemed as if skill 
 and devotion would prevail to keep this servant of Jesus with us, 
 but the patient’s powers of resistance had been lowered by years of 
 persistent overwork, and on April 29, 1922, the final onslaught of 
 the fever prevailed. To use a language which for years had been 
 as the native speech of Andrew Young, the time of his reward was 
 at hand. He had kept the faith, he had finished the course; the 
 Crown that had been set aside for him was waiting to be revealed 
 at last, when he should go to be with the Christ Whom having not ' 
 seen he had loved so long. The Chinese, for whom he had labored 
 
 20 
 
so untiringly were not slow to do him honor. The United Church 
 and the poor, torn State were present at his funeral. The sorrow 
 of the many poor for whom he had toiled in such kindliness was the 
 laurel of his wreath. By the Shensi Mission, by the Society at 
 home, by his friends in four continents, the departing which was 
 gain for him was counted as sore loss. 
 
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 HENRY MARTYN, Persia’s Man of God 
 
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 CAPTAIN LUKE BICKEL, Master Mariner of the Inland Sea 
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 FRANK HIGGINS, Sky Pilot of the Lumbermen 
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 J. HUDSON TAYLOR, Founder of the China Inland Mission 
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 ANDREW YOUNG, Representative of the Great Physician ic 
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 No. 542— ME—I—IM—May, 1929. 
 
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