L The “Swan” is a beautiful Gold Pen joined to a rubber reservdjr to hold any kind of ink, which it supplies to the J»^^riting point in a continuous flow. It will hold enough ink for two days’ ^-gnstant work, or a week’s ordinary writing, and can be refilled ink for two days’ici^stant work, or a week’s ordinary ■ with as little trouble as to wind a watch. With the cover over the ;gold nib it is carried in the pocket like a pencil, to be used anywhere. A purchaser may try a pen a few days, and if by chance the writing point does not suit his hand, exchange it for another without charge, or his money returned if wanted. : ^ . . There are various points to select from,' broad, medium and to) so that every handwriting can be Mted, and the price of the entire instrument, with filler xomplete, is only lOiS. 6 cl. The Gold Pens in the “ Swan ” are Mabie, Todd & Co.’s famousi makethey are 14-carat tempered gold, very handsome, and positively unaffected by any .kind of ink. They are pointed with ; Selected polished iridium. The “ Encyclopsedia Britannica” says—“lri(^ium is a nearly white metal of high specific gravity,-it is almost indestructible, and a beautifully polished surface can be gained upon it.” They will not penetrate the paper, and writer’s^ crimp is unknown among users Of Gold Pens ; one will outwe^,r a gross of steel pens. They are a perfect revelation to those who kno^v nothing about Gold Pens. Db. Oliver Wendell Holmes has used one of Mabie,-Todd & Co.’s Gold Pens since 1857, and is using the same one (his “old friend”) to-day. . ^ Cavh fot Jfm SUwjstr^teb(cotthtinittg htsft pmph, tohur ; ftomyfet Stilt'S) MABIE, TODD & BARD, 93, SHOULD BEFEB TO >THE'EESULTS EECENTLY Tontine Policy Holde^^ iri- thbllew York Life Inkrarice Cotripany, FULL PARTICULARS OF WHICM CAN BE OBTAINED ON APPLICATION. The Company's Latest Form of instirande, the /Miicoritdstable Noii^forfeitinj^ Free Tontine,” secures valuable investment features in combination with insurance at low cost. . ' Guaranteed options at the end of Tontine Penods^ and perfect freedom after two years as to Tesidence, travel and occu¬ pation (except service in war). Annuities granted on very favourable rates. • . New York Life Insurance Go (ESTABLISHED 1845 .) Conducted <. under the official supervision of the Insurance Department of the Government of the State of New’York, reports deposited annually with the Board of Trade in Great Britain, in accordance With “The Life Assurance Companies’ Act, 1870.” ^ TRUSTEES FOR GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.- ^ . with whom is deposited 250,000 Dollars in United States Bonds (for the protection'of Policy-holders and Annuitants), and 100,000 Dollars ,, in the same Bonds (as additional protection for the representative^, of deceased Policy-holders), or equal to over ;^7o,ooo in all. The Rt. Hon. HUGH C. E. CHILDERS, M.P., F.R.S. FREDERICK FRANCIS, Esq., Director London and County Bank. -A. H. PHILLPOTT.S, EsQi, Carshalton, Surrey. Life Assurance only. Purely Mutual. All Profits belong to Policy-Holders, and Apportionments are made Annually. STATEMENT FOR YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31st, 1880. Aecumulated Funds . ... . ... . ... ... ... £21,484,634 Surplus over Liabilities by the New York State SxANDARri^bF Valuation (4 per'Cent. Actuaries) £3,221,041 Income FOR THE Year . ... ... .. ... ... ..: ... ... . ... £5,932,124 Chief Office for Great Britain and Ireland476 & 77, CHEAPSIDE, London, E.O. J. FISHER SMITH, General Manager. W. BRAiVlWELL BOOTH ' .CHIEF OF THE STAFF., BA LLI N 01H COMMlSSfONER FOR ,• , UHITED:.SJA.IE5/',y HERBERT H;'BaoTHl J'', . cowlMAIVDA.nT FOR ■ %,TH£ UNlTE'0:J.lNG00M,y Genera ri 31 ?? booth pTOcHUE BOOrn-CllBBORK EMMA BOOTHTfuCKER IVIARECHALE lit ;.L- FRANCE,;,: y,; WiFC. : B O OT H Fl:EL©fiMl.!5S,lCK,£R,:. ., ., LijeY> M. BOOTff.'- ::- HEAD, 0 ,F Of.OLCRSTRAlWpO From Photographs by] THE GEXEEAL A.3D JIHS. BOOTH AXD FAMILY. {Stereoscopic Company, 2 The Salvation Army and its Social Scheme. THE SALVATION ARMY AND ITS SOCIAL SCHEME. -«- From the Eeview of Eeviews for October, 1890 . I That 0-DAY, to me, the horizon is radiant with a new hope. Never since my life began, now more than forty years ago, have I seen as much cause to confront the future with such confidence, which, under the influence of Mr. Carlyle and Ebenezer Elliott, the Corn-Law rhymer, I have dreamed of since I was a boy, and worked for since my youth, now seems appreciably nearer, and I rejoice with the ex¬ ceeding great joy of one who, having passionately longed for an apparently unattainable good, suddenly finds it brought within his reach. The cause for this new hope, the grounds of this new confidence, are soon stated. I have read the MS. of the book in which General Booth sets forth the determination of the Salvation Army to grapple with the social question on the only lines on which, I believe, there is any chance of its solution. No such book, so comprehensive in its scope, so daring in its audacity, and yet so simple and practical in its proposals, has appeared in my time. Even if no action whatever were to follow immediately on the lines laid down by General Booth, it cannot fail to have the most momentous consequences. For General Booth in this little work—it will not fill more than 300 pages— does secure for the Condition-of-the-People question the first place on the orders of the day, with urgency voted. His proposals may be modified and amended before they are finally accepted, but in some shape or other they will pass, and with their success a new and brighter era will begin to dawn for mankind. The Book of the Month, nay, the Book of the Year, is General Booth’s forthcoming work, ‘ ‘ In Darkest Eng¬ land, and the Way Out.” Bu+ as it is not to be published till the 20th inst., I must postpone till the November number the full analysis of a work in which is sounded clear and loud a note that will reverberate round the world. But it is permitted me to say something by way of preface and introduction which will enable my readers the better to understand and to appreciate the full sig¬ nificance of its contents. accentuated in the “Latter jJay Pamphlets.” All the distinctive Carlylean doctrines are given practical em¬ bodiment in General Booth’s startling manifesto. For half a century now Carlyle’s voice has sounded in our ears, proclaiming in accents of passionate earnestness what must be done if modern civiliza¬ tion in this democratic age is to escape perdition. We have all listened, but we have sighed as we asked, ‘ ‘ Who is there who dares even to propose to do these- things 1 ” And, lo ! now, after all these years, at last a clear, strong voice rings out above the Babel of party jargon, saying, “Here am I, send me!” That is General Booth’s Book. And the more I think over all it contains and all it implies, the more convinced am I that it will be the most epoch-making book that the world has seen for many a long day. Our children and our children’s children will not see the end of the chain of transforming influences that will be set in motion, this month. I am aware that to the most, probably to nine-tenth& of my readers, this prelude of mine will seem exaggerated ; it will to many of them be simply inconceivable that anything General Booth could do or propose to do could either deserve the attention or possess the importance- which I ascribe to his new book. To all of these my readers I have only to say that they, too, if they will but look at the facts, may soon discover what reason there^ is to thank God and to take courage over this new de¬ parture of the Salvation Army. ‘ ‘ The Salvation Army—that is in itself enough to dis¬ credit the whole scheme, whatever it may be!” is an exclamation that will burst from many an impatient reader. What is the Salvation Army that it should be- deemed capable of doing such work ? That is the ques¬ tion I am about to answer in this article, 'hich may be^ regarded as the prefatory preliminary' notice of the Book of the Month, a full analysis of which is reserved for the November number. A MIRACLE OF TO-DAY. A NEW AND MORE PRACTICAL CARLYLE. Those who have read Professor Tyndall’s account of the influences which shaped his character, will remember how prominent a place he gave to the reading of Carlyle’s “Past and Present.” “Past and Present,” which was published fifty years ago, before even the Corn Laws were repealed, reads to-day like a prophecy, of which ‘ ‘ In Darkest England, and the Way Out,” seems to be the gospel of its realization. General Booth is not a diligent student of Carlyle. Except his “'French Revolution,” which exercises an almost uncanny fascination upon the mind of the great Englishman, General Booth has read nothing of Carlyle. But plunging and struggling along the rough and rugged road of practical experience, he has arrived at almost identically the same conclusions as those which were outlined in “Past and Present,” and What is the Salvation Army It is a miracle of our time. It is the latest revelation of the potency of the invisible over the visible, the concrete manifestation of the power of the spirit over matter. Of this there are* many illustrations, but for the present I will content my¬ self with one. Twenty-five years ago, the Salvation Army consisted of one man and his wife, without money, without influential friends, without even a place of worship they could call their own. To-day the Salvation Army, built up out of the poorest members of the community, has 9,000 officers, who carry on operations at 2,864 centres of population scattered all over the world, and who raise every year for carrying on the Salvation War no less a sum than £750,000. Three-quarters of a million sterling per annum is 4 per cent, upon a capital sum of £18,750,000. Supposing The Salvation Army and its Social Schihie. o O the revenue does not fall off—and hitherto it has steadily increased—eighteen millions may be regarded as the cash value of the endowment created by the Salvation Army out of nothing in twenty-five years. A tolerably sub¬ stantial miracle this ; a miracle also that is absolutely unique. No religious organization born in these late years can show anything approaching to such material results within so short a space of time. I say nothing here as to the merits or demerits of the spiritual thauma- turgy which has developed so extraordinary a power of •evoking this pactolean stream from the barren rock of a materialistic and unbelieving generation. I simply note the fact and pass on, remarking that, if General Booth be altogether mistaken in his theory of the universe, the work is even much more miraculous than if he is right. Tor if we grant to the uttermost all that materialist and agnostic ever claimed, grant that man dies as the beast dies, that Christ and His apostles were but personifications of the Sun and the twelve signs of the Zodiac, that prayer is a futility and the idea of invisible spiritual influence is as much an ex¬ ploded delusion as the “science” by which the augurs foretold the issue of a campaign from the entrails of a chicken, the marvel and the mystery of the work which Mrs. Booth and her husband set on foot are more marvellous and .more mysterious than if these, our hypotheses, be correct. How came it that two unknown, insignificant units in the East-end of London, in no way distinguishable from any ordinary commonplace Methodists, such as may be found any day by the score in Whitechapel or in Westminster, should to-day be able to show over nine thousand picked men and women in the flower of their youth, ^and in the ardour of an enthusiastic zeal, who are devoting their lives, on mere subsistence wages, to preaching and teaching in all parts of the world the faith that was taught them by the Booths ? And wherever they labour they raise up others, fashioned in their own like¬ ness, whose nature undergoes a sudden and an almost inexplicable change. “ DRIVELLING SUPERSTITION ? ” L remember, as if it were but yesterday, a remark made 'to me by a leading freethinker and eminent politician when we were discussing the work of the Salvation Army before its immense development over sea had more than l)egun. “We have all been on the wrong tack,” he said, emphati¬ cally, “and the result is that the whole of us have less to show for our work than that one man Booth. ” “ Whom do you call ‘we’?” I asked. “Oh, we children of light,” he said, laughing; “Herbert Spencer, Matthew Arnold, Frederic Harrison, and the rest of us who have spent our lives in endeavouring to dispel superstition, and to bring in a new era based upon reason and education and en¬ lightened self-interest. But this man Booth has produced more direct effect upon this generation than all of us put together.” I suppose I must have seemed pleased, for he went on hastily, “ Don’t imagine for a moment that it is his religion that has helped him. Not in the least. That is a mere drivelling superstition. What has enabled him to do this work, is his appeal to the social nature in man. He has evoked the potent sentiment of brotherhood. He has grouped together human beings in associations, which make them feel they are no longer alone in the world, but that they have many brethren. That is the secret of what he has done ■—that, and not his superstition, which is only a minus 'quantity.” THE SECRET OF POWER Whatever truth there may be in this judgment as tc the cause of the Salvation Army’s success, it is a notable tribute from the agnostic camp as to the reality anc value of its work. Nor is it only from the agnostic camp that this is recognized. The Church Times (Maj 23rd, 1890), a High Church organ, referring to the com¬ parative achievements of the various religious bodies, declared that the growth of the Salvation Army threw into the shade all that had occurred in our time either in the Catholic or the Protestant world. Said the writer :—- When we compare the so-called “Catholic advance” of the Pope in England with the Salvationist advance of the other international commander, the General, in England and all the world, the Pope has to be content with a very much lower place. What a very poor story is the glowing chronicle of the Tablet in comparison with the glowing chronicle of the War Cry. In the vulgar and imposing category of mere quantity the Pope lags far behind the General. In the spiritual category of quality, if the Kingdom of Jesus Christ be especially the Commonwealth of the Poor, the victories of the General are more stupendously brilliant in every way than the triumphs attributed by the Tablet to the last two Popes. None are more ready to do honour than we are to the devotion of so many Koman clergy and sisters to the service of the poor. They have done, as Calvinists and Methodists have also done, much for the poor. But the Pope cannot boast in his Tablet's triumph-song, as the General can boast in his War Cry, that he has done almost everything for the poor by the poor. LORD WOLSELEY’s TESTIMONY. It is only those who do not know and who never inquire who can doubt the reality of the effect produced upon the lives of multitudes of men and women by the work of the Army. Lord Wolseley told me that he had been immensely impressed by an incident which occurred in his own experience some years ago at Grantham. He said :— ‘ ‘ I was down on a visit to Mr. Roundell, and we put up at the hotel in the market-place. In the evening, I noticed a crowd,^ and, inquiring what it meant, I was told it was the Salvation Army. I went out and stood on the outskirts of the crowd and watched what went on. I was immensely struck by the earnestness, the fervour, and, above all, by the success of the young women who con¬ ducted the meeting. I heard them many times, and always with the same impression. They were much talked about, and everyone whom I met assured me that the change they had produced was quite marvellous. Mayor, magis¬ trates, the clergy, all assured me that all the time I was there the public-houses did next to no trade, and they might as well have shut up. Now, as I was there for a fortnight—even if we were to suppose that the old state of things was re-established immediately after, which, of course, was not the case—this struck me as very remarkable. If a couple of girls can come into a place like Grantham, and, for the space of a whole fort¬ night, practically suspend the sale of drink in the town, they are not people to be despised. It is very wonderful. Such work cannot fail, in the long run, to command universal recognition, even from those who now, from ignorance and prejudice, are among those who sneer at the Salvationists.” Lord Wolseley but expressed what almost everyone else has felt, when confronted by one of the many moral miracles of the Army : “No one could have been more prejudiced against the Army than I;” a rising novelist, of agnostic tendencies, said the other day : ‘ ‘ But when I went in and out among the people in the East-ond I had I 4 The Salvation Army and its Social Scheme. EfJc L' BOOTH-tucker COMMISSIOMER, r- O R INDIA WARRlEp....l§.§5> ARTHUR.RBOOTHsCUBBORN COM Ml SSI ONER" FC3R kR^NCE .^'^SWITZERIANO. MARRIED IS3'/ CQ^'*!\1lSS!bN£R0f ARMM " JrL'SCUE^ WORK . fiX.RRlED i ■• . i. I I [MinB/VLElKCTON BOOJH united; STATES . IV1ARR1EO !S«a. Mfi BERBERT':BGGTIi iUNlTEO KINPOaM ^ tl/VAR R'tEp . US90 ] J 1 I .‘.j V ( f- 'Sr from Photographs by] BOOTHS BY MARRIAGE irstereoscopic Company The Salvation Army and its Social Scheme. 5 to give up. There was no getting over the evidence of the work they did, which no one else even seemed to try to do. I have been tilled ever since with such immense admiration for General Booth, that I almost believe he can do anything he decides to take in hand.” 31Y OWN EXPERIENCE. It is now nearly twelve years since I first made the acquaintance of the Army, and as there is nothing like personal testimony as to one’s own experience, I may as well set down here how it was I came to believe in the Salvationists. “The Hallelujah Lasses are coming July 6,” was the announcement which was placarded about the streets of thrifty, tidy Darlington, about Midsummer, 1879. Re¬ spectable Darlington felt shocked, but a great crowd gathered in the market-place “to see the lasses,” and, after a brief service in the open air, in which the young women sang hymns, prayed, and delh'ered brief, vigorous addresses, followed them, as they marched back¬ ward in a long, straggling procession down Northgate to the Livingstone Hall. It 3vas Sunday afternoon, and the spacious, draughty, ugly hall 3vas crowded to the doors. At night there was another service, indoors and out, and the same thing happened. And more wonderful still, the hall 3vas crowded every night all that 3veek, and for several 3veeks after. It held from 2,000 to 2,500 people. At first respectable Darlington held aloof. Then the emissaries of Respectability ventured down, in sheer curiosity, to see what was going on. They returned puzzled. Nothing 3vas going on. No dancing, no ex¬ travagance, no tomfoolery, no sensationalism. The two girls. Captain Rose and Lieutenant Annie—one two-and- twenty, the other eighteen—conducted a religious service, not unlike an early Methodist meeting, 3vith hearty responses, lively singing, and simple Gospel addresses, brief and to the point. The penitents’ form and the after prayer-meeting, in which the lasses, going from seat to seat, personally addressed everyone who remained as to their spiritual 3velfare, were the only features in which it differed outwardlyfrom an ordinary mission revival service. But the odd, miraculous thing that bothered Darlington was the effect which it had. All the riffraff of the town 3vent to the Livingstone Hall, and many of them never returned the same men. “blackguards tcrned convarters.” My farm-lad Dick—for in those days I had my three acres and a cow—used to attend regularly. “It’s as good as atheayter,” he told me. “You can go in 33 dien you like, and, if you want a drop or a smoke in the middle, why out you come, just as you please. But there’s some of the biggest blackguards turned con¬ varters now.” By “ convarters ” he meant converts, but his word 3vas true, for all the Salvation Army converts are converters, and that is the secret of it. The drunk¬ ards and ivifebeaters, betting men and rowdies, great rough puddlers, and men who used to spend their Sundays regularly in the police-cells, were no sooner brought down to the penitent form and “saved,” than they were set about saving others. At the Livingstone Hall a man, who had given his wife a black eye the month before, 3Vould give out a hymn ; an ex¬ drunkard would tell his experience, a converted convict would deliver an exhortation, and half-a-dozen corner men would take the collection. Drunkenness began to dry up. You could hear a dozen cabmen waiting for fares at the station, singing Army songs, and the police had many cells empty on Saturday nights. One of these converts was a notorious fellow, reputed to be the strongest man in Darlington. A burly, broad-shouldered' Hercules was Knacker Jack ; violent, given to drink, and very brutal. Great was the amazement when Knacker Jack went up to the penitent form, and immense the sensation when he stood up to give his testimony. The event was duly announced to me by Dick. “Knacker Jack’s a convarter now. ’E’s a rum ’un ! ” said he. “Are 0 you not going to turn converter, too, Dick ? ” I asked. The lad, who was an odd character in his way, replied,. “ ’Tain’t no use, sir, for me to be a convarter, ’coz, when I cut the grass for the pony in the planten, them, midges bite so hard, I can’t help sweerin’. And it’s nc use bein’ a convarter if you keep on sweerin’ ! ” 3VHAT I SAW AT DARLINGTON. At last I 3vent to see the girls who had turned Dar¬ lington upside down. I was amazed. I found two delicate girls—one hardly able to write a letter; the- other not yet nineteen—ministering to a crowded congregation which they had themselves collected out of the street, and building up an aggressive church militant out of the human refuse which other churches regarded with blank despair. They had come to th©^ town 3vithout a friend, without an introduction, with hardly a penny in their purses. They had to provide for- maintaining services regularly every week-night, and. nearly all day Sunday, in the largest hall in the town ; they had to raise the funds to pay the rent, meet the gas-bill, clean the hall, repair broken windows and broken forms, and provide themselves with food and lodging. And they did it. The town was suffering severely from the depres¬ sion in the iron trade, and the regular churches could with, difficulty meet their liabilities. But these girls raised a new cause out of the ground, in the poorest part of the town, and made it self-supporting by the coppers of their collections.*" Judged by the most material standard, this was a great result. In th e first six months 1,000persons had been down to the penitent form, many of whom had joined various- religious organizations in the town, and a corps or a church was formed of nearly 200 members, each of whom was- pledged to speak, pray, sing, visit, march in procession, and take a collection, or do anything that wanted doing. THE LASSES AND THEIR WORK. “It will not last,” said many, and dismissed the miracle as if it were less miraculous because it was not capable of endless repetition. I sat next a young mechanic one night in the meeting, and asked him what he thought about the business. ‘ ‘ Dunno’,” he said, ‘ ‘ they’re a queer lot. ” “Do any good ?” “ Mebbe. There’s Knacker Jack —I know him.” “ Well, has it not been good for his -wife and bairns ?” “ Dunno’. But I avork in the same place a& him, and it has been good for his bosses. He used to strike ’em and knock ’em about dreadful. But since the lasses, got hold of him, he’s never laid his hand on ’em. ” Suppose that it did not last, and that the converts only stood so long and then fell aavay ; then, for so long as they stand, a great and beneficent change has been effected, in which all surroundings share—from the police to the horses. It was my first personal experience of the Salvation Army and its methods. Born and bred among the quieter Congregationalists, I had some prejudice against noisy services, but here was a stubborn fact which I could not get over. There was the palpable, unmis¬ takable result, material and moral, which before July, 1879, would have been declared utterly impossible—a miracle not to be wrought by man, no, not if all the * The total expenditure, including everything, was about £400 a-year.. 6 The Salvation Army and its Socl\l Scheme cawM fssi 0 N EE,: sows Rn COMMISSIOMER- CAEIEIOffl B-OMJQXH' mmKEiZLAnmm. ■from Photographs by THE COMMISSIOXETIS OF THE SALVATION ARMY, ^Stereoscopic Company. The Salvation Army and its Social Scheme. 7 churches and chapels in Darlington had combined to open mission services in Livingstone Hall. And the only visible means by which this result was brought about was these two girls, neither of them well educated, both delicate, and without any friends or material resources whatever. THE GENIUS OF THE GENERAL. The first letter I ever wrote to headquarters was a brief note to the General complaining of the cruelty of sending two such frail young women—one of whom seemed threatened with consumption—to undertake such ex¬ hausting work. 1 added, what I fully believed, that if they broke down and died he would deserve to be indicted for manslaughter. The General’s reply was characteristic : “You would never do for a general,” he said. “A general must not be afraid to spend his soldiers in order to carry a position.” The girls, how¬ ever, did not break down. Captain Rose, the more delicate one, on whose behalf I had written to head¬ quarters, is now the mother of a bouncing family. She has been to the Cape delivering the message of the Army to Boers and Zulus, and is now busy helping Mrs. Bramwell in the rescue work. Since that time I have been more or less intimately acquainted with the Salvation Army in London and in the provinces. , I have been in the dock with Mr. Bramwell Booth, and have been more or less intimate with all the family. I have often been tempted very strongly—of the evil one, I always maintain, much to the scandal of these good people—to leave my appointed work and join the Army. I have never been more than an outside supporter. But I have been brought close enough into contact with them all to be able to form a fairly accurate idea of the measure of their capacity, the range of their ideas, and the force of their mental energy. A journalistic career of twenty years has brought me into close quarters with an immense number of the ablest men and women of our time, and I have no hesi¬ tation whatever in saying that in the whole sweep of my acquaintance I have not met more than half-a-dozen men—British, European, or American—crowned or un¬ crowned, prelates, statesmen, soldiers, or workers, whom I would rank as the superiors in force, capacity, and initiative with General Booth, Mrs. Booth, and their eldest son. Whether or not General Booth be, as Lord Wolseley declared, the greatest organizing genius of our time, he and his family constitute the most remarkable group of men and women that I know. AND OF THE FAMILY. There have been great men and famous men who have founded great and world-wide organizations, but General Booth is the first one who has at the same time reared a family for the express purpose of carrying on and per¬ fecting the work which he has begun. Perhaps the secret is to be found in the fact that the Salvation Army is quite as much the work of his wife as it is of himself. The Salvation Army believes in heredity ; it believes in training : and both beliefs find strongest confirmation in the extraordinary capacity of the whole family. Con¬ secrated from the cradle to the service of the Army, they have without a single exception—and there are eight of them—devoted their lives to the cause. All differ, but all possess some measure of the extraordinary gifts of their extraordinary parents. Physically they are far from robust. There never was such a set of cripples who did such heavy work as the Booth family. Mrs. Booth, who is now dying with cancer, all her life through suffered from an affection of the heart, which often prostrated her for hours after addressing a great meeting, and has repeatedly laid her aside for weeks together. Mrs. Booth-Clibborn, the Marshal of the French Salvation Army, suffers from weakness of the spine. Mr. Bramwell Booth for years was such a sufferer from heart disease, left by rheumatic fever, that he could not lie down even to sleep. Mr. Herbert Booth suffers similarly. Mr. Bramwell Booth, the eldest, is now thirty-four years of age. There is no more striking characteristic of the Army than the youth of all its officers. Mr. Ballington Booth, when he went to conduct the campaign in Australia, was only twenty-six. Miss Katherine Booth started on her forlorn hope to indoctrinate atheistic Belleville with the gospel of the Salvation Army when only twenty-one. Miss Emma Booth took charge of the Training Home when little more than a child. The majority of the 9,000 officers are under twenty-five. It is an Army possessing all the fervour, the enthusiasm, and the confidence of youth. Weak and ailing though they are, they have an infinite reserve of energy and “go.^ Trained almost from child¬ hood to handle all the practical details of administration and finance, accustomed every day to deal with men and women as individuals and in masses, there is not a member of the family now in the field who would not, if the occasion should unfortunately arise, be much better prepared to take over the duties of commander-in-chief than General Booth twelve years ago seemed prepared for the direction of a great world-wide religious organization. MARRYING AND GIVING IN MARRIAGE. Around the family are grouped an exceedingly compe¬ tent staff. The most novel and instructive feature of this religious army, not of celibates but of married folk, is the extent to which the institution of matrimony mini¬ sters to the success of the organization. Hildebrand, by dooming the priesthood to celibacy, created an effective force of ecclesiastical Mamelukes ; but General Booth has. made marriage one of the corner-stones of the Salvation Army. He has not only got sons and daughters of his own to succeed him, but he has made marriage alliances which double the fighting force of the family. The wife of the Chief of the Staff, but the other day a doctor’s daughter from South Wales, is now at the head .of the largest sys¬ tem of rescue homes for fallen women in the world. The wife of Mr. Ballington Booth, the daughter of an English clergyman, is now with her husband directing all the operations of the army in the United States of America. The third son has just married a capable and gifted Dutch lady, notable as their first marriage outside the English- speaking pale. Of the daughters only two are as yefc married. The elder, usually known as the Marechale, married a Quaker from the North of Ireland, upon whom has devolved the task of directing the Army Corps stationed in France and Switzerland. The younger married Mr. Commissioner Tucker, f>i the well-known Anglo-Indian family, and upon the two has devolved the organization of the marvellous missionary operations of the Army in Hindostan. From these marriages have sprung a numerous progeny, all of whom have been con¬ secrated and dedicated to the Holy War before they left the cradle. I do not know any other family as numerous which has succeeded in infusing into every one of its members, their wives and their husbands, the enthusiasm of its founder. THE POSITION OF WOMEN IN THE ARMY. Mr. George Meredith remarked to me one day that one of the most brilliant proofs of St. Paul’s genius was the discovery that women could be employed with effect in the service of the Church. If this were his discovery. 8 The Salvation Ar?,iy and its Social Scheme. jNTERJMATIONAL - jiEAD (^ARTER§ 'jNtERNATtOMflU C JradE'Keao QuaR’tRi iPi Sj^sssiSOBa From Ph-r.fnnrrivh'} SALVATION ARMY CENTRES. ^^Stereoscopic Conipany. The Salvation Army and its Social Scheme. 9 the Apostle most have been much troubled in these later times to note how his injunctions to the Corinthian Church have been used to cripple the female ministry ever since. The Salvation Army, as befits an organiza¬ tion largely founded by a woman, is in no bondage to Corinthian standards. It follows the Apostle’s example, and in one of its earliest rules and regulations we read :— As the Army refuses to make any difference between men and women as to rank, authority and duties, but opens the highest positions to women as well as to men, the words “ woman,” “ she,” “ her,” are scarcely ever used in orders— “ man,” “ he,” “ his,” being always understood to mean a person of either sex unless when it is obviously impossible. The extent to which the Salvation Army has employed women in every department of its administration has been one of the great secrets of its strength. No religious body, with the exception of the Society of Friends, has ever accorded to both halves of the human race equal rights in the affairs of religion. The Army did this from the first, but it was not till 1875 that the absolute equality of the sexes in all the departments of the administration of the Army was solemnly and formally affirmed. It may only be a coincidence, but, if so, it is a curious one, that that year marks the beginning of what may be called the phenomenal expansion of the Salvation Army. If Salvationists had rendered no other services to humanity and civilization than that which is involved in revealing to the world the latent capacities and enormous possibilities of usefulness that lie in womankind, they would have deserved well of their generation. This, however — which ^seems to be one of the crowning glories of the Army— has been a stone of stumbling and a rock of offence CO many. Among others who were much scandalized by the female ministry was the late Canon Liddon. He was on all questions relating to the employ¬ ment and enfranchisement of women a hopeless re¬ actionary. I do not remember any man in the whole circle of my acquaintance who was so resolutely opposed, on principle, to women appearing in any public function whatever. To do him justice. Canon Liddon was logical; he had no tolerance for the monstrous absurdity of those who declare that it is perfectly right for a woman to sing in a concert or act on the stage, but that she is demeaning herself if she speaks on the platform or in the pulpit. Canon Liddon confounded in one comprehensive anathema all attempts to bring woman before the public. He was still in whaf may be called the zenana stage, and held resolutely to that perversion of a sound doctrine, which, instead of asserting that woman’s sphere is her home, maintains that woman’s only sphere is her home. CANON LIDDON AT A HOLINESS MEETING. I remember well the only time when, so far as I know, Canon Liddon ever attended a Salvation Army service. It happened rather unfortunately. The Sunday before he had been preaching one of his great sermons under St. Paul’s dome, the theme of which was the duty of woman to remain strictly within the domestic sphere. He deduced this somehow or other from the example of the mother of our Lord, and was, therefore, more than ordinarily charged with prejudice against the assumption by woman of the functions of teacher or preacher. We had often talked about the Salvation Army, and he had expressed his curiosity and interest in the new organization. I offered to take him to a Holiness meeting, which was then being held at Whitechapel, one Friday night. It was late in the year, I think, of 1881, and it was quite dark when I got him into a hansom at Amen Court, and drove off eastwards. When we were passing St. Paul’s, I remember a somewhat amusing nci* dent. Canon Liddon had no sooner seated himself in the hansom than he began to take off the white collar which is the distinguishing badge of the cleric. “ I hope you will not think,” said he, pleasantly, “that this savours of a lack of moral courage,” but, he added, as he carefully adjusted his black necktie, “people are so troublesome, and correspondence is such a burden to me. If I were not to change my collar! would be sure to be recognized, and all next week I should be bothered by good but mistaken people, whose letters I could not ignore, either protesting against my attending a service of the Salvation Army, or inquiring if it was true, and, if so, why. It is, therefore, only for the avoidance of useless friction that I make this change.” At last we reached the spacious and well- lighted hall, and in order to minimize the possibility of being recognized we took up our seats, in a remote corner beneath the gallery. What was our consternation before we had been seated five minutes to see a clergyman of the Church of England clambering over the forms towards us ! When he reached us he said, “ Oh, Canon Liddon, I am delighted to see you here ! ” The disguise had not been effectual, but I never heard whether the recognition had occasioned him any subsequent inconvenience. HOW IT AFFECTED CANON LIDDON. The meeting was of the ordinary type; there were testimonies, prayers, and lively singing. Among others who testified was a girl in a Salvation Army bonnet and the regulation dress, and a stoker, fresh from some steamer in the London Docks, whose grimy face did not prevent him taking part in the service, much to the delight of the good Canon, who sighed as he said, “We could not get such men to St. Paul’s.” When we left, we walked back through the City. Canon Liddon was deeply impressed. He was at first somewhat silent, but after a time he said, “It fills me with shame ! I feel guilty when I think of myself.” He continued musingly, “To think of these poor people with their imperfect grasp of the truth ! And yet, what a contrast between what they do and what we are doing ? When I compare all the advantages we enjoy, we who possess the whole body of truth, and see how little use we make of it, how little effect we produce compared with that which was palpable at that meeting,— I take shame to myself when I think of it. Of course,” said he, ‘ ‘ I did not like the women speaking, although I was prepared for it. I have the misfortune,” he added, with the sly humour which ever characterized him, “I have the misfortune, you know, to agree with the Apostle Paul on that question.” This was, of course, sufficient to bring on an animated polemic. Canon Liddon objected strongly to the theory that the Apostle's prohibition of women teaching in church was a tempo¬ rary mandate of local application only in force in Corinth and the Greek cities, where for a woman to be heard in public was almost equivalent to her enrolment among the class of courtesans, and utterly inconsistent with his own recognition of the women who prophesied and taught among the Jews. Such a doctrine, he said, would carry us very far. Almost the last conversation I had with him this year was on the same lines, his objec¬ tion this time being called forth by what he considered the dangerous tendencies of “Lux Mundi.” The chief point, however, round which that discussion raged nine years ago was his stout assertion that the Salvation Army had only a small part of the truth. I agreed, for all human beings only know in part; but I said, “Surely you must admit that they have got the essential truth?” He replied, “I no more recognize essential truth than I do an essential horse. All truth is essential. You lo The Salvation Army and its Social Scheme. TOCKHOL/A. afS ctI' ifefes bes H£K HCiu' ^W5TEf\DA/vC NewyoPiK 'KajyVEV;OFFl CE ,s Lo N DON iC3Tfll»t UlOMBA^; •ittMai mi ii Mij]n||i ‘tit fZ MS ~V'|WW ij : BSh^r^i From Photof *aphs SALVATION ARMY CENTRES. t The asterisk marks the entry to the Hall in the Rue Auber, opposite the Grand Opera. 'Stereoscopic Cornpany. The Saevation Army and its Social Scheme. 11 can no more divide it than you can divide a horse. A horse has head and legs and tail. It would be just as absurd to speak of an essential horse with one leg as of essential truth which is not all truth.” “But surely,” I said, “you don’t mean to say that you have grasped the whole body of truth ? ” And thus it went on until Ave came to Amen Court, where we stood in the cold night air arguing whether the limited truth of the Anglicans was not just as far short from the corpus of the whole body of the truth as the creed of the Salvation Army. I remember that conversation as if it were only yesterday. When we at last parted Canon Liddon had caught such a cold that next day he could not use his voice. PILGRIMS FROM THE EAST. One day this spring I had strange company. A young Buddhist priest, who had just arrived in London, with a yellow turban, escorted by a singularly handsome Cingha- lese, Avith long black hair floating over his shoulders from beneath the brilliant vermilion of his head-dress, called upon me with tAvo other companions. One Avas an ex- Buddhist from Ceylon ; the other a much taller and more powerful native of Southern India, who had been a Moham¬ medan, but was noAV in training for a command in the Salvation Army. They Avere seated in a semicircle round my fire, while an Englishman, fair-haired and blue-eyed, in the regulation uniform, sat by my side. The contrast of physique was as great as the difference of language, and the variety of dress made a very striking picture. But in all the diversity there was unity. They were all happy, notwithstanding the climate, and they were all “ saA^ed.” Buddhist, Mohammedan, Nothing¬ arian, and Christian they had been. Noav they Avere all one in the strange brotherhood. “Hoav did you come,” I asked the ci-devant Moslem, “to forsake the creed of the Prophet 1” “I had tried all the sects of our religion, and in none could I find what I AA^anted. There was always an aching void here. I Avas a clerk in the GoA^ernment Service some tAventy miles in¬ land from Madras. I heard of the Salvation Army. I went to their meetings. I got Mrs. Booth’s book, ‘ Life and Death,’ and I saw that here was that for Avhich I was seeking. Here Avas the secret of the poAver over sin and self that I wanted. That is hoAV I became a Salvationist.” “And you?” I asked of the Buddhist priest, a mere slip of a lad, Avhose bright eyes Avere lit up with a pleasant smile, “ What did you find in Christianity superior to Buddhism?” “Buddhism,” replied the interpreter, in the resplendent turban, ‘ ‘ teaches almost exactly the same virtues as Christianity. The difference is that what Buddhism tells us to do, Christianity gives us poAver to do. I saw the Salvationists in my OAvn country. They were happy, I was not; they were devoted to their religion. I Avished to be happy and to be holy.” I said, “They must have the truth I required. I wished for the secret of their joy, I found it, and I am saved.” In token of which he and the rest of them had come across the black Avater, many a thousand miles, to the headquarters of their neAV faith, to testify to the reality of their conversion and to acquire a more perfect knoAvledge of the Salvation War. THE JOYOUSNESS OF THE ARMY. The little group in my room, jabbering strange tongues, but all buoyant Avith the joyousness of a faith which made even the murk and grime of London more radiant than the sun-lit sky of their native land, was a striking object-lesson in contemporary history—a new lesson, and yet an old one. These dark-skinned, turbaned strangers Avere but the latest trophies of the same spirit which has gone forth conquering and to conquer since the rough-and-ready Roman executioners sought to snuff it out by the summary process of nailing up one Jesus of Nazareth, alLe and writhing, to the cross of the malefactor, much as gamekeepers nail up vermin to the out¬ side of their lodges. The lift of the same impulse Avhich enabled the proscribed of the Catacombs to establish their position on the ruin of the thrones of the Cjesars brought these men here ; the same joy that Avas not of this world cleared the Coliseum of the gladiators, and reared St. Peter’s in the gardens of Nero. The distinguishing note of the Salvationist is joyousness. No one can attend any of the great meetings of the Army ; no one can knoAV intimately any of its members without being impressed by that fact. The Booths have at least brought much happiness into the world. It is because the Army is joyous that it thrives. The happiness of its members is their talisman to the hearts of men. ORGANIZATION AND ITS PERILS The work of the Salvation Army is often very imper¬ fectly understood even by those Avho see a good deal of it, and are heartily in accord Avith its spirit. The organiza¬ tion is much talked about, but very little examined. Yet, Avithout that organization Salvationism Avould be a mere rope of sand. General Booth is not unmindful of the perils Avhich have led to the death of so many religious organiza¬ tions. The soul has died out of them. The machinery stands there, burnished or rusty, as the case may be, but there is no fire in the furnace, no Avater in the boiler, or if, mayhap, there be some steam still generated, it is only enough to make the wheels of the engine revolve, Avithout creating any haulage poAver to move the masses of dead Aveight behind. The Sah^ation Army has been constructed from the first on the principle that Avhen the soul goes out the thing must die. “ I do not want another ecclesiastical corpse cumbering the earth,” said General Booth to me many years ago. “When the Salvation Army ceases to be a militant body of red-hot men and women Avhose supreme business is the saving of souls, I hope it will vanish utterly.” This Avas said in reply to a remark that as the Quakers —the Salvationists of the CommoiiAvealth—had become extinct volcanoes, so Avould the Salvationists of our time. They, too, Avould become respectable and cease to exist as a propagandist, militant body. Since that time, however, the Salvation Army has grown so rapidly and has evoEed so many agencies, built so many edifices, and created, in short, so substantial a temporal skeleton and material tabernacle that, even if it lost its soul, its corpse would be a terribly long time in decomposing. The folloAving is a return of property noAv vested in the Salvation Army:— Great Britain £377,500 Canada 98,728 Australia. 86,251 New Zealand . 14,798 Sweden . 13,598 Norway . 11,676 South Africa 10,401 Holland 7,188 America, U.S. 6,601 India 5,537 Denmark ... 2,340 France and Switzerland... 10,000 Total ... £644,618 * Tills total, of course, represents the value of the buildings, without taking account of mortgages, &c. The Salvation Army and its Social Sche.me 12 ■“atfiA 1 EREET aiWirta«Jt\xaRa-:5 s^'Wiu'ir.'BMsxf.rsi^t zt. PaelTio • eocKt • Otvlsloer EBlBEGI^ftRE s'SSmfe. ^PS p ; - '■ Ie^R'^.; ■ I»