3 ■V ■ ^>1 '2- ■21 ■ ' \ r It j. ! I 1 [ 3 ] > THE PSEUDO PATRIOTS . t I N Their True Colours, A Lthough the Providence of God is in nothing more evident than in his various Dealings with Mankind ; yet the Thoughts of it hath ftartled the wifeft and moft virtuous of the Sons of Men 5 even T)avid (the Man after Gods own Heart) I confeireth, That his Feet were almofi gone y his Steps had well nigh Jlipty when he faw theFro^ ^ fperity of the Wicked. That Tride compajfeth \ them about as a Chain: Violence covereth them \ as a Garment. They are corrupt ^ and [peak wickedly concerning OppreJJion j they fpeak loftV I ly. They encreafe tn Riches : But on due Con- fideration T)avid was fully fatished that God had only raifed them up to the Pinnacle of I Power, to make their Fall the greater. Prof- j perity therefore to wicked Men is but a fiire I Step to Ruin i fometimes becaufe they have obtained it by vile and illegal Methods ; or clfc demean therafeives haughtily and difhonourably in the Execution of that Power committed to them. ^od i C4i 6od hath allotted to Mankind diveb Call- ings, according to the Divcrfity of Degrees, Sexes, and Profeflions, and every Calling dif- ferent from another ; Some Lords, iome Free- fvlcn, others Servants and Minifters,* fome rale and govern, others ierve and obey j fomc are leparated for fpiritual Service, others for fccu- lar Employments. Every Man is called to one Occupation, Trade, or Calling, or other. Vain is the Con- ceit, and great the Prefumption of Aftrologcrs, (and indeed as vain and unchriflian is the be- lief of thofe Men who pin their Faith on the Sleeves of fuch impohors) who fay, if a Man be born under yupiter, he is deftinated unto Riches and Honour; if under A'lercurjf, to W^if- dom and Knowledge. Seldom is the rich Man wife, or the wiic Man rich, for thefe Planets are rarely in Conjundion,^ being thii ^ ilowefl of thefe two Planers, and is not able lo jun his Courfe in Jefs than twelve years* tnd A^ercur)'^ being the l^’ifteft, goes about the liarth every Year j (o that they very ieldorn mecr, and when they do, their Continuance -is very (hort. ^ 1 he World is a Stage, and every Man hath .his Part to adf allotted him by Heaven; to one the .Part of a King, to another of a Subjedf j to one of a Pricfl, to another of a Prophet ,• to fome 1 5 ^ fome one Thing, to others another : And there is no Man fo mean and contemptible, but has his Part affign’d him ; and tho’ in the firft or fecond Scene he may perfonate a Filherman, Shepherd, or Herdfman j yet often in thofe Men is fhevvn the Power and Omnipotence of Heaven. T^avtd was for many Years a poor I Shepherd, forlorn, ncgleded, and not eftcem'd I as one of the Sons of Jefs for when the Pro- I phet came to Bethlem, and invited Jefs and i his Sons to a Banquet, T>avid was in the Fields attending his Flocks : The Prophet would have anointed one of them that were prefent, becaufe they were fair, and of comely Coun- tenances : But how was he reproved by the Holy Spirit ? Heaven, faid he, judgeth not as I Men do by the outward Lineaments of the Body, i but by the inward Perfeaions of the Mind’ j and that the Man heJooked for was not there, j The Prophet then enquiring what other Sons I he had, David was brought before him,* and I ^ foon as the Prophet beheld him, he faid, ; ihts is the Man, and thereupon he anointed I him. I ! As therefore nothing is more certain than that every one is called by Providence in its appointed Time, we ought to attend the good Will and Pleafure of Hcaven» and not run be- ore we are called : Therefore in what State or Condition toever we arc placed, it is our Huty to live to the Glory of the King of Kings, Kings, and the Good, Welfare, and Profpcrity of our Neighbours If we negleft thefe, we labour to our own Deftruftion. This is there- fore the Ftrft Caufi of the Downfal of Mini- . fters 5 namely, their thrufting themfelves into I Bufmefs before they are called, and taking up- I on them Things beyond their Strength and I Capacity j whereby they incur the Hatred of God and Men. Such Perfons feck by Fraud, Bribery, Ca- and all other wicked Practices to at- tain their Ends. Jafephus in his leventh Book of the Antiquities of the Jews, fays, That he who has attained to any Honours and Prefer- nnent by wicked and unlawful Means, will not (lick to ufe other Means, more pernicious, to continue the fame. Thus Sejanus, to fupport his Greatnefs, made Love to Lavinia, the Wife of Tirufus, and procured her to be Ac- ceflbry to the Mufder of her Husband. So Twellinous, by his wicked P radices and evil Courfes, in which he exceeded all the Men of the Age, monopoliz’d the Ears, and even the Heart of that cruel Emperor The Study and Sycophancy of fuch wicked! Irlinifters, is, firft how to procure to themfelves the Favour of their Princes, then how to at- tain the chiefeft Place of Honour and Profit, bv ruining fuch' as (land in their Way : This was the Cafe of Ttgellmms, whom 1 juft now mentioned^ C'7 ] mentioned, on whom Nero bcftowed the great- dl Rewards that could have been given to the mod deferving : And thus Macro won the ' Heart of Caius Cafar by deferring Tiberius^ : while he lived, and by making all the Intereft 1 he could for him to fuccced in the Empire : Terenius ufed the viieft Pradices to make him- (elf powerful, and feduced the Emperor Com^ modus to all Manner of Licentioufnefs : And Bifhop of Eljf, by his Bribery obtain- ed the chiefeft Places of Note in Church and State : And T alias by his Adultery won the Heart of Agrippina, the Wife of Claudius C^~ far, and Mother of Nero, with no other View than to fupport his former Greatnefs. This I wicked Minifter, and Narcijfus^ who were I Claudius Cafar’s Free-Men, were by that Em- i peror invefted with the greateft Power, whom he ufed to feveral Purpofes : Narcijfus was ; his Secretary, and Balias his Orator, who made i his Speeches, and he requited their Services by : a Decree of the Senate, not only with infinite ; Treafure, but with Places of the greateft Com- 1 mand and higheft Authority. Nero inquiring one Day what was the Rea- fon his Treafury was fo much exhaufted, re- ceived by Way of Anfwer, That it would foon be full enough if the immenfe Sums which had been taken out of it by Narcijfus and Bal~ las were put into it. Claudius was lo ena- moured with thefe Men and their Wives, that he he became rather their Servant than their So* vereign : At their Difpofal were all Honours, Preferments, Polls in the Army, Pardons and Punifhments : Unto Marciffus Claudius denied nothing 5 nay, fpared not to kill his Wife, be- ing commanded by him fo to do : He was the moft powerful Man of that Age, and of the Age paft : He had the Government over Princes and Cities, and in Riches exceeded the weal- thieft among the Common-wealth. Notwith- . {landing all his Power, Authority, and im- menfe Xteafure, yet foon after the Death of Claudius lie fiiffered an ignominious Death by the Cqmmand of Agrippina^ the Wife of Clan- ,diu$ and Mother of Nero. Thus we fee that tho' thefe wicked Minifters, and fuch Kind of Men, mayj live in Grace and Favour of the Princes by whom they were raifed, yet they feld om efcape the Hands of their SuccclTors. As for TallaSj who perfuaded and procured Claudius inceftuoufly to marry Agrippina^ his Brother’s Daughter, and afterwards to be his Concubine, tho’ it was decreed by the Senate that he fliould not be called to an Account for any Crimes or Mifdemeanors which he had committed before the Decree had pafs’d 5 yet Nero obferving with what Pride and Arro- gance he deported himfelf, exceeding the Bounds of a Free-Man, took fuch an Antipathy to him, that after he had divefted him of all his Hon- ours, and the Places of Authority conferr’d up- on t 9 ] dn him by Claudius, having indeed the Key of the Empire in his Power, he order’d him to be put to Death. It is a mdft odious and abominable Thing in Courtiers to recommend to their Princes the Beauty and comely Features of other Mens' Wives and Sifters, thereby to fet their AfFedl- ons on fire, and fecure to themfelves their Fa- vour ; It is alfo odious and abominable, and in j former Times has been frequently c^one by I Court-Minions to obtain or retain the. Favour I of their Princes, to put in Execution any wick-^ cd A(ft, when they are commanded to do it. Thus Cardinal fVoolfey approved the Divorce, of King Henry the Eighth and Queen Catha^ tine 5 he did it with thefc Views, to confoli- date that Monarch’s Favour, and to revei^ge the Wrong Which he fuppoled had been done him! by the Emperor. When Hero took a Diftafte to his once en- tirely beloved OBavid, the C^wirticrs prefent- ly, to avoid the Rage of their Wives, recom- mended to him A^eSj and in this Bulinefs Aunaus Serenus-, an intimate Friend of Seneca's^ : had a great Hand. ABes made Love to her, I cloathed himfelf with the richeft Apparel, and I took upon himfelf the Extravagancies of the I young Prince, and fuch rich Prefents as the I Prince had made her privately, he vouch’d to ; have been his openly. But Men who purlue 'c luchr ! [ lO ] fuch Courfes, are for the mofi: Part falfc andi perfidious, for when they have once tranfgrefled the Bounds of Modcfty, their AfFedions are in- flamed, and they are never fatisfied. SenecUy in other Things one of the wifeft of Men,j was Blame-worthy in this i namely, that heJ with ByrrhiiSy in an Oration perfuaded N^sro to put his Mother to Death, becaufe they fup- pofed if file lived he could not : And tho’ he afterward made an Oration to extenuate his Offence, yet it rather aggravated than extenu- ated it. The Reward and deferved Wages of this kind of Men are generally Shame and Deftrudion, and fo it happened to thofe 5 for as Princes would not have themfclves circumvented by others, fo when they have once effeded their Defigns, they hate and punifh the Executioners, having Inftruments ready to execute their Com- mands. ^ f I Trihees always behold the Terpetrators of) Villainy with threatning Looks, It was a com- j mon Saying of Antigonus that he loved the Traitor till he had done his Work, but then he hated him. Princes will not endure to look upon fuch Villains but with Eyes that | (ecm to dart forth Deftrudion. I Thus Nero beheld Arricetus, who flew his Mother, as Tacitus relates in his fourteenth Book i' [ II 1 Book of his Annals. So Achilles was' looked upon by Cafar Herotodus, when he prefented I him with the Head of Tompey. In the feventh Book of the Jells of Alexander^ it is related by Quintus Curttus, that it was one of the laft Requefts, which Tiarius made to Alexander^ i not to forget fo punilh the Villain that betray^ him, but make him an Example to future Ages i yet not fo muft for the Jnjury done to him, as for the Safety of Princes, and the Terror of fuch as fhould dare to lift up their Hands againft their Sovereigns. Alexander^ as the fame Au- thor obferves, was not unmindful of his Advice,- for after he had delivered him into the Hands of OraxeSy the Brother of ^DariuSy to the End I that he might cut off his Ears, his Nolc, and torture him, he caufed him to be put to Death, and rewarded the Soldiers, who brought him to him. The fame Alexander beheld, with Eyes that ; threatened Death, TarmeniOy whom he had em- ployed to take away the Life of Attains 'y for ► which Hermolaus was not afraid to upbraid ' him, as Curtins obferves, faying, you ufe mife- rable Men to be your Inftruments, and prefent- ly after you ufe others to take away the Lives f of thofe Inftruments. I He that has no Hopes of Life, will not be afraid to fpeak'his Mind freely j and this was the Cafe of Hermolaus , who being refolved to B z [12] J die, fpokc with moft wonderful Intrepidity tQi 'Alexander, infomuch that his Father, who waS' advanced in Years was afhamed to hear him^ called him Iraytor^ and would have flopp’d his Mouth*. Alexander y defirous of hearingthe wQrft that he could fpeak, faidj let him proceed, STjspolts ^ I will hear him. Upon this H€t- tnolaus [poke thus 5 Small is the Number of the Macedonians, that have efcaped your Cruelty : Attalusy '■ThilotaSy Tarmenio, Lmcejies, and Clitus, they are now dead; they were the Men, 'when QccaflonofFered, who expofed themfelves to Dangers, that you might ride in Triumph be- fore your Enemies j and how well have you re- warded them? With the blood of lome of them you have fprinkled your Table ; others you yyould not fuffer to die a fimple Death : Thus fhe Ca>tains of your People you have tortured, a plealant Sight indeed to their Enemies the Terfians, to behpld. Tarmenw, by whom you |levy your Servant Attains, was put to Death without Judgment ; and thus you ufe the Hands of us poor Men, to kill one another : And fuch as 5tou employ even now to torment others, you flrightway command to be tormented by othets. When Sytader, Cleander, Agathon, and Hi- xacleon, who by Alexander s Injundion had put TartneniA to Death, returned from the Pro- yince of which they had the Government, Ac- cufers of all Conditions followed them i then i 4 . i . ' • [ 13 3 . Priefts accufed them of having made Spoil of tvcry Thins:, not abftaining from the Temples, and facred Things : The Virgins and Ladies of the Province accufed them of having laid vio- lent Hands upon them, and ravilhing them ; cfpecialiy who after he had ravKhed a Vir'gin of a noble Family, gave her to his Slave to be his Concubine : Alexander com- inanded that they fhould fuffer Death 5 and yet ithe Foulnefs of their enormous OflFcnces (rendered them not fo odious in the Sight of the iPeople, as their "^\\\m%Tarmenio. It is a received Opinion, that they who at- itain to any Command by unjuft Methods, iwiil not fcruple by illegal Means to fupport their iMagnificences ; for no Man governed well who (by Wiles and Artifices mounted the Ladder of I iPreferment : Sejanus^ and fome others before jmentioned, are fo many Demonftrations of this i Afiertion. Hence it comes to pafs, that by how imuchthe longer fuch Court-Favorites continue I in their wicked Courfes, adding Tranfgrcflioii jto Tranfgreflion, by fo much the more they be- come hateful to all honeft Men, and at laft un- dergo their deferved Punifhmcnt. Such Men never take into Confidcration the Good of the i Common ' Wealth, but bend their Thoughts I only to fatisfy theif Pride, Cruelty, and Co- i yctoufnefs, i i Atnbitioifi t ' i i ) [ 1 C H ] Amhiuon is another Caufc of the Downfa of evtl Minifters, it makes a Man a Stangcr t< himfelf, he will not endure a Superior or ar Equal, he will be or Nobody j it puts; Man upon the foolifh Thought, to imagine ii to be a Difparagement to go in the commot] Road^ and be honeft, while he fees anotheri greater than himfelf, and fo dazzles his Eyci •that if any other goes before him, he will noJ believe it, but conludes that he ftands in hi| Way, It is an Honour with this Property, that wherdoever Ihe has once taken her Abode, fiic will never fuffer a Man to be at Reft, till he hath attained to the End of his Ddires, which he will never do. Seneca, fpeaking of Ambi- tion, fays. This is that Inconvenience which attends it, that it never luTers a Man to be fa- tisfied, tho* he hath attained to the End of his former Delires. When Alexander coverfed with ^io^enes in his Tub, he envied Felicity, faying, happier is he that feeks not after any Thing, than the Man who delires to have the W^orld at his W^ill, Seneca^ lays, He is not poor that lives in a Cot- tage with Content, but that Man is poor who poflefles the whole World, and is notfatisfied. If the Minds of ambitious Men were laid open, wefhouldfce them rent in funder; for as 1 ^ as the Body is tortured with Stripes, fo the iMind is rack’d and tormented with ambitious |Thoughts. If thek Defires were Water, and iheir Thoughts Wind, it would be fafer by many (Degrees to fail in the Ocean, than in their tem- peftuous Stomachs : Some Times they arrive at the Cape of Good Hope, but fo infatiable arc, their Defires, that they are as far from theM nourney’s End, as they were at their firft feW: ting out. It is far more dangerous, fays Erafmus, to furfeit with Ambition than with Wine s for he that is furfeited with the latter, may recover himfelf after he has flept, but feldom or ever does the former come to himfelf again. Ab- fitious Men perfuade themfelves, when they are invefted with Authority, that they can do Iwhat is impoflible to be done by them, becaufc they are powerful j fuch Men, as well as cove- teous Perfons, are aptly compared to fuch as i|are afflided with a Dropfey j the more they jdrink, the more they dcfire. r This was manifefted by Sejanus, who being raifed from the ‘ of the Earth, and af* f awards basking in the Sun fljtne of a Court, '^as raifed to the higheft Degrees of Honour, ^ower, and Authority by Tiberius ; yet he |Could not be contented, but ftudied "how to jtnake himfelf equal with Cafar, nay, fo af- piling was his Mind, that he endeavour'd to ' dethrone i [ ] ; dethrone hisRoyal Matter, and ufurp the imperial Dignity and Authority. If fuch Sort of Men would but look dowrf from the Pcnnacle of their Greatnefs, and be- hold from what mean Parentage they have def* cended, it would certainly curb their Vaiiity) and fet fbme Bounds to their afpiring Wiihesr but they will not allow themfelves Time for Refle(ftion 5 but their Eyes and Minds ever fear aloft, and they imagine that they can ef- fe6I: any Thing, tho* attended with the great- eft Danger and Difficulty, if they have had good Succefs in their former Undertakings. Wherefore it has been obferved by an ancient Greek Author i That if Nature had given WlngS to luch Men, they would have afeended above the Heavens ; and the fame Author introducing Eteocks in his Tragedy of Euripides^ puts thefe Words into his Mouth : If I had Ability, I would try the Paths of the Sun, and defeend into the Center of the Earth, that I might rule as the Gods do their. % Alvarez, de Luna tatted both Kinds of For- tune, tho’ he was once brought upon his Knees,' he afeended on high again, and then became To Imperious^ that he behaved more like a King than a Subjed. He was born in the KingdoiT of Arragon in Spain^ his Father was a Noble- man, bur he a Baftard by Birth 5 however he ingratiated himfdf with John King of CaJUlSi ^ and [ 17 ] land attained to fuch a Height of Power, that iio Man equalled him. He took Arms againft \john King of Navarre^ and ufed all Manner bf Devices to fupport Henry y Knight of the Order of St. James ; but the Queen oppofed him and by the Afliftance of the fecond King of Navarre, and aforefaid Henry, they furpriz’d John King of Caftiky and compelled Alvarez, to follicit for Life upon his Knees, and forced ihim to live upon what he had purchafed. Hap- [py had he been if he could have contented himfelf with his prefent Condition ; but he, who had tafted the Sweetnefs of Supreme Po- liwer, could not find Contentment in a private I pjg begins a fecond Time to think and icontrive how^’to attain his former Grandeur, of which he had been deprived: He found Means^ to fet the King at Liberty, re-inftates himlelt iin the Kingdom, lets at the Helm, keeps^his lEncmies in Subjeaion, and incenfes the King jagainft them. He had fuch a Sway over the i king, that when he brought any Paper or In- ! ftrument to be fign’d by his Royal Mafier, he I ’never read the Contents to him, or informed i him what they were: And when King John hasked him one Time what the Inftrument con- Vltained, which he was about to fign, he an- ^ jfwered with the moft conlummate Audaciouf- Ijnefs, that he need not trouble himfelf with fuch ^'an Enquiry, it was fufficient that he knew the ' and therefore he ought to fign it. ' ;Bnt the Profperity of this power cngrollimi ' O Miniftcr I ^ I i L iB ] Minifter did not laft long after this Piece ofltr^ pLidcnce, for his untimely End foon followed One of the Nobles having delivered a Meffag{ to him by the King’s fpecial Command, whiefc . was not pleafing to Alvarez^ he caufed hinj to be thrown out of the Window ; at this th^ King was fo incen led, that awaking from hii Lethargy, he hated him as much as he love| him betore, and caufing him to be apprel hended j he was judicioufly condemned, am fentenced to be put to Death. He died like ; \ ain-glorious Man, relating the good Serviced had none for his King and his Country, ani chearfully fubmitted to the Sentence of thi Law. I Sejanus, who may befaid in theftrifteftSenJ to have been an imperious M'tnifler, and wh< carried fo great a Port with him, had his Hea< adorned with Bays and Cammomile j but on ; fudden that very Head, which had been fo ve ry erca, was taken from his Shoulders, and hii Scull ufed for a Pitcher to bring W^ater, am a Bafon to wa(h in. Of the Fall of Seja nusy and fuch as he was, Juvenal in his tentl Satire fays. That Greatnefs makes many Mer fubjea to the Storm of Envy and Malice, call them down headlong from the flupendious Pre cipice,caufes their Statues to be demolifhed, am brings them to untimely Death, either by th Ax, the Gallows, or by having their Limb broken upon the Wheel. Covet tioufnej 1 [ I? 1 f Covetuoufnefs is another Caufe of the Down- fall of all-grafping M'miflers. William Long- )fhampe, Bifhop of Efyf whom we had occali- jpn to mention before on another Occafion, was ^ moft glaring Inftance of Covetuoufncls : Rich- ifird the fitfi of England, repofed (o muchTruft In him, that he made him Chancellor of the iJCingdom, and Keeper of the Privy Seal, and l^^ieutenant of the Tower of London : At the Ijfame Time he prevailed with the Rope to make Ijhim Legat d Latere of England, France, Ireland', and before heembarqued to carry Ipn a War with the Saracens in the Holy Land, he left the Government of the Kingdom whol- ly to him, and gave this Charge to his Subjects, ^(rhat as they loved him and their Country, as they defired to live in Peace and Profperity, jand enjoy their Eftates and Poffelllons in Safe- ty, they would fhevv themfelves obedient to his iltmfty and well-beloved Chancellor in all Things ithat he fhould dired them, as did concern him, ?as if that he were perfonally prefent. Upon fthe King’s Departure this Bifhop became the greateft Man in all the Wejiern Parrs of Eu- \rope ; being in the King’s Abfence the Metropo- ilitan of all England, He executed the Digni- >i(ties, which he purchafed at dear Rates, and ^^excelliveUfury : For it is a common Saying ^iwith thofe who have Dealings in the World, \Ihat they who buy dear, mufi fell dear. It hholds in fpiritual as it does in temporal Pre- !(’ D 2 ferments, [ 20 ] ferments, for he that empties his Bags in pur? chafing Dignities will fill them up with felf Bet jncfices and fccular ^Employments, and by taxj ing their under Officers. Ariflotle feems t(| vindicate the Trade; confentaneumeft^ fays hd at ij qui emunt Magiftratus ^ quefius habera ai fucant rempy cum ad eos largitionibus ajeet deunt. I It is with good Reafon that they ' who buj Authority, (hould make fo me Profit of it: Bui let fuch Men take Care, notwithftanding th( Confentaneum of Artjlole^ that they do not meet with the Supplicium, the Punilhment o{ this Bilhpp of Ely. 1 Exccfilve was the Cruelty and Oppreffion this Prelate, who fet afide all Refped of Ho-‘ . nefty, his Thoughts were wholly employed in' contriving how to reimburle himfelf what he; had expended in purchaling Places ; to accom*! plifh which, he turned Ufiirer, and executed* the Office of Legat d Latere^ which coft him a thoufand Pounds, with fo much Ctuelty, that, he became a Burthen and an Eye-fore to all the Clergy of England. He feldom rode abroad! with a lefs Number than fifteen hundred PrieftSjH Deans, and a Band of Soldiers to attend' him, as if he had been a King, and not a Bi- (hop j at Home he was attended by the Sons of the Nobility, whom he married to his Kindred, and [ 1 \ and happy did'they think thcmfclves, who could I be gracious in his Eyes. j * ' , i There was no Land to be fold, which he did not purchafe no Church or Dignity which he did not expole to Sale, or beftow upon him- felf or his Friends. He engrofled to himfelf by one Means or other the keeping of all Caftles and Towns, and fo great was his Power, that he did what he would, nor did any Man dare I to contradict him, or open his Mouth againft i him. But at laft, the Earl of Mertaigne^ who was the King’s Brother, fummon’d the Teers to con- fult of the State of the Realm 5 when they ! were aflembled, the Earl fent for the Bilhop of and affur’d him of Safe-ConduCt to and I from the AlTembly i but he fufpeCting fomeDe- fign againft him, inftead of going, fled for Re- fuge tothe Tower of London : Upon this Intcl- ! ligence, the Lords came to a Refolution, That I he, by whom the Church and People had re- ! ceived fo much Detriment, fliould no longer j govern the Kingdom. I This Chancellor and his Adherents had drain'd i the Treafury dry 5 there was fcarce any Man wore a Girdle that had any Silver on it ; not a j Nobleman a Ring 5 any Woman a Chain 5 or I a Jew Money: Nothing but empty Cheftsand I Keys were found in the Exchequer. The C 22 ] The State of the Kingdom ftanding thus, It was rcfolved that the Bifhop fhould take an Oath to relinquifli all the Power he had, not. to bear longer Sway in the Government of the Common -wealth, and that he fliould yield up all the Cajiles that were committed to his Charge, efpecially the Tower of London. He gave Sureties to perform each and every of thefe Articles, and quitted his Office of Le- gal a Latere^ which he executed a Year and a half to the great Prejudice of the Church of England^ and the See of Rome : At laft he difrobed himfelf of his Epifcopal Habit, and cloathing himfelf in Woman s Apparel, he de- termined to crofs over to France, but his Dal- liance with a Wench at Dover having been difeovered by a Marrincr, he was hilled at, beaten, and afterward dragged thro' the Streets to Prilbni when he was releafed from thence, he moft ignominioufly ftole away to Norman- dy^ where he died miferably : This was the End of the allgrafping Court-Leech. I might quote other Examples, which for Brevity fake 1 omit but I mull obferve, that fuch Men as are endued with the Principles of this moft abominable Bifhop, do what they will, and being fo very powerful, nothing is denied them : Moft Men ftrive to obtain their Favour by Prefents, Flattery, or by both ^ and every one obeys them. Their Attendants are Luxury, Pride, Pomp, and Prodigality, which daily add Spurs [ 23 ] Spurs to their greedy Defires, for they muft bt nouriihed, and a little will not do it. But if they were not poffcffed with thefe diabolical Vices, yet their Minds are infatiable s for Co- veruoufnefs is of fuch a Nature that it is never at Eafe full or falling, and therefore is juftly faid to be the Mother of all Evil : It fubverts Honcfty, and all fair Dealing between Man and iMan $ \is the Thing that occafions Tride^ \Ouelty^ and the Sale and Ship-wreck of a jgood Confcience 5 and, as Saluft affirms. It is \a Beafl infufferable in all well-governed Coni’- \ mon-wealths, Naturalifts diftinguifii the Beafts of the Field, by Beafts of Prey, and Beafts that are mild and ' gentle : If Beafts of Prey they are of a rave- nous Nature, they live upon the Spoil of harm- lefs Creatures, and are unprofitable in Life ; 1 as Wolves, Tigers, Lions, Foxes, i^yc. if they are mild and gentle Beafts,. then they are of a fociable Nature, living upon fuch Things as the Earth produces, and are profitable both in Life and Death j as Sheep, Deer, Conics, &c. The covetous Man is a Beaft of Prey, a ravenous Beaft, who whilft he lives makes Havock of thole who have any Tranfadions with him by his Cut-throat Dealings. Rablais relates a Tale of a Marc, which Thaio King of Numidta fent out of Africa^ who coming into a Wood near Orleans, con- taining y ChJ taining in Length 35 Miles, and in Breadth 3 in a Moment hewed it down with her Tail, a Mower would an handful of Grafs with Sythe. I cannot compare our Bead more a{ ly to any Thing than this Mare, who by j Art which he has is able to throw down Tow and Steeples, and like another 'turn tl Inhabitants into Stones. Seneca makes an E quiry, Why Nature gave fuch a Bead fo lift a Body, and fo great a Belly : The Bull, faj j he, is fatisfied with a few Fields of Failure, or. Wood will fuffice many Elephants, but S( | and Land arc not fufficient for the covetuoi Beall : Has Nature given him fuch an infatiak Body, and made his Body fo fmall ? Is it th; he Ihould furpafsthe moll voracious Creatures No, certainly. To whom will he be Goo if he be not Good to himfelf? This Quellio is eafily anfwered ,* he will be a good Prey fc his Prince, a good Mark for a Thief to fhojij at, and the bell Companion to have his Haba ration with Judas. » Covetuoufnefs takes away the good Nam' and Reputation of a Man, makes Religion : Stalking-Horfe to accompIiHi its Deligns, am is of fuch Efficacy that no Power, Bulwork or Army is able to withlland it : It prevails witl the Virgin to fubniit her Thoughts to unchallt Delires ; it prevails with the Father to with' draw his AlFcdion from his Childreji, and witi the Children to neglcd their Duty to their Fa ther C 25 ] t-hcf : It is a great Fault in a Man that is mean, but is more dangerous in one that is powerful and mighty : Ocero fays^ there is no Vice fo hareful in a Man who is entrufted to manage the Affairs of State, as Covetuoufners j for to make Sale of the Common* wealth, is not only dilhonourablc, but an unjuft and moft wicked A(ftion. Hence it is, that fuch Men are odious in the Sight of Prince and People ; who, tho' they may Tyrannize and Opprefs their Fcllow-Subjedls, and by Reafon of their Power, Men are afraid to fpeakagainft them 5 yci Juft ice , who alv/ays cfpoules the Caufe of the Poor, the Injured, and the Opprefl'ed, and punifhes Evil doers, will dif- cover their Devices, and bring them to Shame and Diftionour. There Riches fhall be made Snares to entrap them, and like Spunges when fquecz’d, they fhall fend forth what they fo gree- dily fuck’d up. ^ride whether the Daughter of Covetuouf- nefs or Ambition, is the Nurfc-child of the De- vil ; it is the Concomitant of immoderate Prof- perity, with which Courtiers have been infeded, efpecialJy thofe who are moft Eminent, and by the Help of it, Men have attained to thegreateft Honours. What has been remarkable of theBi- Ihop of Ely before, corroborates what is here incerted. It [ *6 1 It is recorded in Hiftory, that ^ alias ^ the | Freed man oi Nero, That he never expreffed his | Mind at Home to his Servants but cither by a | Nod or his Hand, except that fomc Times he | would make ufe of his Pen, but never ufed his I Tongue: This was imputed to him as cxceflive | Pride, and probably it was Pride in him to be- H have himfelf in fucha Manner; and this agrees I with the Sentiments oiTacitus \ But others arc of a contrary Opinion, and fay, that nothing is more commendable iu a Man, if he has but a (mall Share of Learning than Taciturnity ; for Loquadoufnefs, would expofe his natural Defers, and render him a publick Laughing- Stock. This Cofmode Medicis knew very well, who being asked by a wealthy Tradefman how he fhould carry himfelf in the Poft he had at- tained, faid, Put* your felf in the Habit of a Se- nator, and fpeak little. This the Romans werel very well fatisfied in, when they requefted the| Grecians to fend them a Tranfeript of their Laws I which they taking into Confideration, re- folved, after a long Debate, to grant their Re- queft, and to fend one of their wifeft Men with it, but with this Reftriftion, that if they were an ignorant People, not to leave it, but to bring it back. The Romans receiving Notice of the Greci- ans Rcfolution, and not having one Man among them ■i [ 27 ,1 them who was able to compare in Learning with the wife Man of Greece^ attired a Fool in the Habit of a Senator to encounter him, charg- ing him that he fhould look Grave, and not rpeak one Word ; for they thought it no Dif- honour to their Nation to have one of the wifeft Men of to Gravel and put to a Nonplus the greateft Fool in Rome : Whereas, if they (hould employ one of their wife Men, and he (hould be foiled, it would be a great Reproach to them. % The wife Greek having arrived at Rome, the Fool in the Senator's Habit, with a low Con- gee falutes him : The wile Man thereupon held up one of his Fingers, intimating that he was fent by God the Father: This was mifeonftrued by the Fool, who conceived that he intended to put out one of his Eyes with his Finger, and thereupon he held up three of his Fingers, nifying to him, that if he endeavoured to put out one of his Eyes with his Finger, he with his two Fitigers would put out both the Grecian’s Eyes and with the third fcratch his Face : But the Grecian interpreted the Fool's Meaning to be, that he was fent by the Trinity 5 he then opened his Hand, as a Sign that God being the Fountain of all Goodnefs had fent him with the Laws unto the Romans^ which the Fool tak- ing to be a Defign to give him a Blow on the Ear, (hut his Hand, intending with his Fill to to requite his Kindnefs, by giving him bloody [ 28 ] Nofe ; but the Grecian believed his Meaning to be that God was able to hold the Univerfe ia his Hand, and efteeming the Romans by the Geftures of the Fool to be a wife Nation, he left the Tranfeript with them. Behold, fays oiir Author, how a*wife Man of Greece was deceiv ed by a Fool, of Rome, who ipoke not one Word. Silence was always efteemed by the Ancients to be a Praife-worthy Virtue, and therefore theyj often exprelTcd themfelves in filent and dum! Shows. .Sartorins having a Fancy to dilanimatej the Rortnguefe ixQsxs. fighting the Romans, their Army was united, caufed to be dcliveredj to a weak Man a flrong War Florfe, and to a] lufty young Man a poor weak Jade, command- ing them to pull olF their Tails. The younj Man made feveral Attempts, and often pullMj down the Jade, yet could not pull off his Tail,*] the old Man ufed another Method, he did not attempt to pull off the Tail at once, but by] little and little. Hair by Hair, and by this Means] accomplilhed his End ,• by this Sartorins intima- ted to them that it would be but loft Labour to] attack the Romans, whilft their Army was] drawn together, but if they could divide it, thcQ] they might overcome it. SoylunuSy King of the Sythans, perceiving Death was near at Hand, called for his Quiver of Arrows, and in the Prefence of his Sons, who C 29 ] ho were eighty in Number, made a Signal ^ his Servant whether he could break them in c Quiver > the Servant endeavoured fevcral Inies, but in vain, he then made another Sig> I to take them out one by one, and then he okethem without Difficulty : Sojlunus there- fignihed to his Sons, that fo long as they were ited and lived in Peace one with another, no )wer was able to hurt them ; but if Difeord puld at any Time arife among them, they ^uld all by Degrees be overcome by their tiemies. In like Manner Tarquin difeovered his Mind this Son SextuSj who pretending to fly from « Father to the Enemy of the RomanSy was lafhort Time their General. Having artain- I to this Authority, he fent a Meflcnger pri- Itely to his Father for Direaions concerning Is future Behaviour, who not willing to difeo- [r his Mind by Words to the Meflenger, took ^ ni aflde into his Garden, and with his walk- g Stick ftruck off the Heads of the talleft Pop- jcs. Sextus concluded from thence, that Tar-> %in would have him put to Death the Leaders id Chief-men among the Enemies of the Ro^ Mins^ which he did cfFcdually. Thus did the (ncients often Times by Signs and Mutes ex- refs themielves j and truly the Overflowing off |e Tongue does frequently bring Shame and Hrhonour to a Man, but feldom does the Eb- |ng occaflon any Detriment : Wherefore the I wife C 30 ] wife Man in the Shop of j§pelles was pi^^i with his Finger on his Mouth, ^ and with . Ears, to ftiew that a Man fliould hear ni| and fay little. Though too much cannot be faid in Pri of Silence, yet it may ferve as a Cloak to ver ^ride % however he that is ^roud, gci rally ufes it as if he difdained to converfe thofe who are in his Company j and it is m than probable that Dallas might have been of thefe. The Pride of Sejanus was fo coni cuous that every Body took Notice of it, I might produce many Examples, if I were apprehenfive of fwelling this Treatifc to , immoderate Bulk. Marcus Terentius, a Ro Knight, ufed to fay, and told all his Frced-i' and Door-Keepers, that to Nod was the Bai of a Magnifaoy or a Nobleman ; and truly kind of Pride has never been out of Fafhi nay, it is grown lo very Epidemical, that ii ufed by Perfons of the meaneft Rank and C dition. Seneca fays, that it is the Property a fupercilious, proud Man, to infill; much u the Entrance into his Houfe, and imagines tl he highly honours the Perfon whom he fu to go into it before him 5 and it is obfcrval that they who Band upon Punftilio’s of H our in this Kind, will be fingular, look and feldom falute, fpeak, walk, or eat, wi any but their Superiors. The Pride of fi Men is like the Perfon whom the fame Sen\ mentic " " . • 3k \ [ 31 ] pntions, who would make the Antartick Pole fs his Toe, and Cynthia do Homage to his iil. I Lewis Eleventh had often this Expreflion his Mouth, fVhere Tride goes before^ Shame ’lows at the Heels : It is remarkable that a loud Man always, bears an Antipathy to Per- ms in the fame Condition with them, which jufes them to be negleded and defpifed by jofe who have any predominant Power over Etn ; cfpecially when they ftand in Competi- )n for any Honour or Preferment : For they c unfociable, and value not the Love of any, |kfs it be to compafs their own Defigns $ Co I the other Side, no Man ever cares for them, id in Times of Adverfity, which are the Duch-ftones of true Friendftiip, they find the juits of their Folly and Arrogance : And it |s been experienced, that when Men of this lomplcxion are promoted, and put in Places of lommand, they always abufe the Power with ihich they arc entrufted, either to gratify their jevenge, or enrich themfelves by 'oppre fling, id laying heavy Impofts on thofe who are nder them. ! I Cruelty is another Caufe which vindictive (inifters ufe to keep their Inferiors in Sub- lotion, that they ihould not dare to do any thing that tends to the Diminution of their ireatnefs ,* their Hatred is like HamarCSf ma- king ^king a Mountain of a Molehill, fmall OfFe to. be Capital, and punifhing them with Pi cutions, Fines, and Imprifonmenr, to the i Ruin and Deftrudion of them and their Fami For thefc Men havingguilty Confcicnces, n entertain the Thoughts of Virtne. and Hon but feelc by Severities and ^Penalties to 1 Men in Awe 5 nay, they punifh Words agi theqifeives in a high Degree. Pallas, of wl I haVe fpoke before, took' the Advantage Words, and profecuted the Speaker with utmoft Severity j and indeed it is a Badg( Cruelty^ if. the Words were fpoken in i and' Ghoricr / for though to give the Lye m; a deeper Impreflron in a noble Mind than Wound, yet if the Perfoti fhall acknowlc the OlFence, and that he is forty for it, in Pbint of Honour is a fufficient Satisfadi But there oirght to be a great Difference n between Words hajitly fpoken, and W( fpoken out of Rancour and Malice upon f( Injuries conceived to have been done ; as i fhould happen, that two Merchants have tra together, and fomc Differences have fprung between them, the one fhall maliciouQy \ out that he will be a Bankrupt in fuch a Ti and general Notice is taken of it s in fuel Cafe no private Acknowledgement can b Satisfadion for fuch a publick Wrong : 0 a Perfon Banders another, taking away his g< Name, and maiming him in Reputation ! Charader, by publifhing that he is a Sowci Seditii [ 93 ] edition, a Fomenter of Divifion, and a DiC* urber of the Peace of the Commoin-vvealth, uch publick Scandals deferve publick PuniQi- ent ; Ncverthclefs, if the Party aggrieved does jiot receive any Damage, it would be a humane nd chriftian Aft of him to be dontented with private or publick Acknowledgement, rather than caufe the Ruin of the Perfon by whonr he was (lahdcred. A Prince by forgiving hafty pords (an Example worthy our Imitation^ pur- :hafes to hi'mfelf Fame and Renown $ but up- flart Courtiers and Minifters of State, unlefs they take Revenge of their Enemies, arc pof- tefled with a Conceit that the People conceive they are not in fud\ great Favour and Grace (vith their Prince as they formerly were. ^ I fiiall conclude this Head with the follow- ng hiftorical Tragedy j a Tragedy which con-? [ains no iefs than the Murder of two Royal ^erfons, viz, a King and a Queen. I fhall de- duce it from Lewis the Eleventh, called the Powerful King of Hungary. But firft it will be kvorth our while to enquire wherein his Power jdid confift : Was it ih- the Extent of his Domi- pions? No. Was it in the Multitude of his ^ubjefts, or the Abundance of his Treafure ? In fieither 5 for his Prcdecelfors equalled, if not exceeded him in both s but it was in the true and hearty Affediion of his SuhjeBs ; Cicerp calls ft an inaccejfible Caftky a Bulwark that cannot be taken 5 other Things may be obtained by fraud or Art^ but this can not. No Prince i F ever '1 [ 34 ] ever loved their Subjeds better than this Kir and no Subjeds ever had a greater Veneratii and AfFedion for their Monarch, which th expreffed by their inconceivable Sorrow duril his Sicknefs, at the Time of his Death, ai even after it. BonJiniuSy who wrote the Hiftory of t| Prince, fays, that when the People heard of I Sicknefs, they began to fear and tremble as they had been in Danger of Death : Publi Prayers were made for his Recovery, and t People in every Town and Village went Church to implore Heaven not to take hi from them $ old and young mourned in Sac cloth for him. When they heard the difru News of his Death, there was an univerfal L mentation among them j the Mothers with thi Children came out of every Place and bewail his Death with piteous Shrieks and Cries, as they had loft the dcareft Friend they had in tl World. Some faid they had loft the moft i dulgent Father, others the moft tender and fwee temper’d Prince 5 fome the beft: Matter, othe the beft Governor : There was no Prelate Peer to be fecn with dry Eyes 5 and it was con manded by a publick Decree that every Bod fhould wear Mourning for the Space of thr( Years, and all Sports and Paftimes were forbk This good Prince left behind him one Chil only, a Daughter, who was baptized by th Name of Maria^ and by his laft Will and Td tamen 0 1 r 35 1 tament he, with the Confent of his Council, beqiicathed her unto Sigifmond, Marquifs of Bradenburg, the Son of the Emperor Charles the Fourth, but being at that Time very young, Lewis ordered that fhe fliould not marry until ihe came of full Age, but afterward fhould ad- imit Sigifmond her Companion in Sovereignty land Conjugal Society 5 but in the mean Time ihe fliould be foie Commander, and crowned jwith the Title of King. During her Minority jQueen Elizabeth^ her Mother, had a Hand over Iher, and they relied fo much on one Nicholas j^ara, whom Lewis had formerly advanced to ibe Count ^alatinej a Perfon nobly defeended, land exceeding rich, that they followed his Ad- (vicc in every Thing : What he faid was a Law, land they would do nothing without him. Ha- lving attained to fuch Grace and Favour, and leing invefted with the greateft Power, he ad- i^ifed the young Queen not to fuffer the Peers to grow too great, for thereby (he would di- binifli her own Sovereignty, and give them (Encouragement to attempt new Defigns, but io keep them in Subjedion that they may have jno Power to hurt her ; to take from them who %ere grown popular and potent all Offices of ICommand and Authority, and to beftow them bn fuch as were Men of known Integrity. In hiort, he had got into fuch great Favour with the Queen, that nothing was put in Execution but what he advifed : At this the Peers were highly incenfed, and conceived implacable Wrath, not only againft Gara, but againfl: tlic F ? Queen, [ 3 ^ ] Queen, and confultcd together how they might deprive him of all Authority and Government in the Common-wealth, for they were muchl troubled that fhe fhould be byafs'd by one Man! and to plcafe him, negled and oppTrefs all tha reft of the Nobility 5 whereupon they fent foij Carolus Tarvus out of Apulea^ and the Perfoii employed in the EmbalTy was ZagabrienfiSj i Bilhop, who falutcd the King with an eloquent Oration to this EfFef^, viz, “ The facred Me- mory of your moft noble Progenitors, nevci to be forgotten, who have ever governed oul Kingdom with the greateft Wifdom, has in- vited us to come to you, hoping that in theft our Extremities your Majefty will not for fake us. We arc not ignorant, moft noblt Prince, that you arc the next Heir to tht Crown, and that the Government of the “ Kingdom does fay Right belong to you, wher^ I am fent by the moft powerful Peers of the Kingdom to intreat you to take into Confi' “ deration our diftrefled State, and not prefcl “ a new Authority before the ancient Righi of the Crown of Hungary : How juft oufl Caule is, 1 lhall briefly declare to your Maj jefty. After the Death of our noble Kingl who deferved well not only of us, but of all ** the Chriftian World, we elected for his fak| ‘‘ Maria, his only Daughter, to be our King! and commanded that fhe fliOuld be ftiled byS no other than the Title of King, and caufei ‘‘ her to be crowned with fuch Applaufe tha| there was not more Sorrow conceived at th(| Deathj [ 37 ] Death of her Father theil there was Joy at at her Coronation. But it fo happened that the Queen-Mother afluming to her felf the Government of the State, during the Minb* rity of the young Queen, took into her Coun* ‘ fel Count Gara^ and what he advifes is only ^ put in Execution, u f “ The Counfel of the Reft of the Nobility is wholly ncglcdfed, fo that neither our Kin^ Maria^ nor the Queen Mother, but the Count alone governs the Kingdom i he advances his own Creatures, and depofes whom he pleafes, at which the Peers and People are fo much offended, that fetting aftde Law, Juftice, and Honefty, many Robberies are committed 5 many Towns burned, many Men's Cattle are driven away, civil Difeord arifes among the Peers, and many other enomous Outrages have and are committed among the People. For Reformation of thefe fpreading Evils, I am fent to your Majefty to intreat you to come into Hungary f With as much Expedition as you can,and take into your Pofleflion the, Kingdom, not delivered to you by us, but of Right be- longing to you, as your ancient Inheritance: This you 'cannot refufe without incurring the moft ignomious Blurs of Sloth and Pu- ftilanimity." Having delivered his Speech, Zagabrienfis de- jwered to the King the Letters of divers of the Nobility [ 38 ] Nobility of the Kingom of Hungary^ whcrcb) they aflured him of their Fidelity. The Kin^ having read them, returned his hearty Thank for their good Will toward him 5 and as it wa an Affair of the greateft Importance, he took three Days Refpite to return his Anfwer, anj in the mean Time commanded that Zagabri enjis^ and the Lords in his Retinue fhould b( honourably entertained. Before three Dayi were expired he acquainted the Queen witl the Purport of the Embaffage, who there upon, with flowing Tears, cried out, Oi “ my Charles j how art thou miftaken in enter taining this Embaffage ! How unhappily an thefe Embafladors come unto us! You d( not know, alas! You do not know how gary has been the Store- houfe of all Manner 0 Wickednefs! How there is nought but Frauc “ and Diflimulation to be found there ! Tha they never fpeak as they think, and chang( « their Minds ten Times in an Hour! Where « fore my dear and moft beloved Husband, i « you defire the Safety of you and yours, le the Remembrance of King Lewis ^ your nobh Friend, and who deferved fo well of yoi and your Father, never to depart out of you ^ ^ Memory : Call' to mind, I pray you, how no long before his Departure he fent you int( Ital^ with a Troop of Horfe, and how yoi «« enjoy by his Means the Kingdom of Apidea « You have enough if you can content youi felf in Italy : Here is your Kingdom, herei! your Wife, here are your’Childrcn^ here h youi f C.39], your Hungary 5 fight for this, and defend this. \ O, do not, do not go about to violate the < Will of your noble Family, who bequeath’d [ Hungary to his Daughter Maria, and her to f Sigifmond, the Son of Charles the Emperor, f and Apulea unto you : Affure your felf, that f if you offer the leaft Detriment to this Inno- =* cent, whom his Father hath defigned to fet on < the Throne, Heaven will efpoufe her Caufe, ^ and be revenged of you, for Heaven will never fuffer any Wrong done to the Inno- cent, efpecially thofe of the weaker Sex, fuch ^ as Widows and Orphans, to go unpunilhed." pien upon her Knees fhe befeeched him, for (he Sake of Heaven, for the Sake of his Chil- dren, and as he defired to enjoy quietly what he polfeffed on Earth, not to take fo great a Burden on him. I But notwithfianding all her Counfel and En- treaties, the Hope of a new Kingdom prevailed (With him i and when the three Days were ex- pired, he fent for Zagabrienfis, and fignifiedto him that he was rcfolved to purfue the Dcfign, and if he had a profperous Succefs, he would not be unmindful of them who had been mind- ful of him, I He fortified Apulea with ftrong Garrifons, Preparations were made for the Voyage, and the King palfed the Seas, landed in Hungary^ ' tand was received with the greateft Appiaulc, every one proinifing his utmeft Endeavour to fettle fettle the Crown upon him. The Queen, Mc| ther to Maridi the young King, having Intcllij gcnce of what had'paffeci, Sigifmond J that Time in Hungary to learn the Languag| of the Country, the Marriage between him aru Maria was folcmnized on a fudden. Sigtfmond went into Bohemia^ leaving Mtk ria in Hungary^ and as foon as the News waj brought to Carolus he was fomewhat dauntc4 knowing how potent an Enemy he had broughji upon him. Shortly after the Quecn-Mother,i and King Maria, fent a fpecial Meflcngcr tc Carolus, to know the Reafon of his coming iaj to Hungary, and to fignify to him that if ho came as a Friend, he fhould have the beft Ei^ tertainment Hungary could afford him. 1 f Carolus diffembling his Intention, fent them Word that the Caufe of his coming was to fet- tle Things in a right Courfe in the KingdoiDJ for he underftood that it was all in Confufion^ and therefore in Regard to the Love he bore t(j the Memory of the young King's deceafed if ther, he thought it was his Duty to ufe hij beft Endeavours to reconcile fuch as were a Variance, and redify what was out of Order. \. This having been communicated to the Queen Mother, and the young King, and being inform cd that he was coming towards Buda in a Chaj riot richly adorned, they met him, and faluteJ ' him with this Compliment, Sir, wc cannot fufl ficientJjj [ 41 ] fidently cxprefs our Thankfulnefs to yoU, who have for our Sakes, and the Love you bear to our deceafed, and the bcft of Fathers, left your Kingdom, your Wife and Children, and paflTed the Seas and Mountains to vifit us in thefeour Extremities: You fhew your felf now to be a Branch of that Royal Stock of our deceafed King LewiSy fince you are not unmindful of thofe good Offices, which he did for you and your Father ; and tho’ it does not lye in our Power, as we are weak Women, to requite thefe your great Favours, yet affure your felf 'that Heaven will make you an abundant Re- Icompence, and we (hall ever look upon our ifelves to be bound unto you. I Carolus anfwered, that he would never for- get the noble Favours of King Lewis : But not- withftanding his Proteftations, he took upon him the Title of Proteddr of the young King, tho’ fhe was married to Sigifmondy and under iColour of that poffefles himfeif of. the Kings Houfe, and not long after ufurps the Title of 'King, and was crowned in the Prefcnce of the Queen-Mother and the young King. The poor Royal Ladies were dirpofTeffed of all Kind of Dignity and Authority, and living af- ter a Sort of private Life, had no body to whom they could reveal their Difeontents, except the Count Talatinej who taking into Confidcration *their deplorable Condition, fludied how to re- |€ftablifh them in their former Dignity, Honour (and Authority j to effed this, he agrees with a G Fellow, [ 42 ] Fellow, named Blajius Forgath, to murder Ca^ relus^ promifing him a great Reward, and with- al to be a perpetual Friend to him : And the better to accornplifh his Dcfign, he prevails with the Queen-Mother to requeft the King to do her the Honour to come to her on a Day, which (he had fixed, and to pretend that fhe had received Letters from young King Sigtf- mondy and fhe would acquaint him with the Contents of them. The Queen-Mother purfued the DirefHons of the Talatine j the King came at the Day ap- pointed, and fitting between the Queen-Mother, and Maria the young King, Forgath watching his Opportunity, with his Sabre cleft his Head down to his Eyes, of which Wound this AIl- engrofling Ufurper died inftantly. Forgath ef- caped for the prefent, but not long after he and the Falatine met with what they deferved, for they were both butchered. Carolus being dead, and all Things refettled in Hungary^ the Qtieen-Mother, the young King, GarUy and Forgath^ with divers of the Nobility taking their Pieafure in a Progrefs to fee the lower Parts of the Country, Johuy the the Governor of CroattUy and a friend and Fa- vorite of CaroluSy on St. James's Day provid- ed a Troop of Horfe, and fent them under a Pretence to guard the Cavalcade 5 but they vij olcntly aflultcd them, having no Regard to Sex or Quality, flew Forgath and GarUy who gal* lantly [431 llantly defended themfelves and the Queen-Mo- uther, and King Maria \ this was the End of a urdcrer, and of a Tower- engroJpng\MimJler, hen they inhumanly proceeded to overfet the ueen's and King’s Coach, raviflied many of the adies, furprized the young King, and dragged the Queen-Mother by the Hair to the Gover- hor. She begged on her Knees to have her Life fpared, and the Life of the young King, hnd to impute the Mifcarriage of Things to the IWeaknefs of their Sex, who are not able to panage like Men, Affairs of fo arduous a Na- ture : But all fhe faid was of no Effcd, for that Night the Governor caufed her to be prowned, and imprifoned the young King, where (he remained for fomc Time ; but at laft he fet her at Liberty, and fent her to Buda, efcorted a Troop of Horfe, where fhe was received |j/ith much Joy. But did this bloody minded, this unfortunate mndiBive Governor efcape unpunifhed > No : For immedintcly after the Coronation of Stgif- which was in the fourth Year after the Death of King Lewis^ King Maria earneftly im- jtortuned him to take Revenge of the bloody raracidejhe thereupon raifed an Army pretend- ing to go to Bulgaria againft the Turks ^ but A'hen his Troops were in Rcadinefs he march- ed againft the Governor of Croatia^ and in a fhort JTime took him Prifoncr, caufed his Hands to 3e bound to hot Irons, and his Flcfh to be torn from his Body with burning Pinchers, and what G 2 remained [ 44 ] rcrnaincd to be divided in four PittSj and to be hanged upon the Gates of the City, and cauf-, cd the Reft to be beheaded, who were Acceftary' to the Queen s Death. ! Another Caufe of the Downfal of MinifterJ is their confulting their own private Good, than the Welfare and Emolument of the Com-j mon-wealth $ they lay heavy Burdens upon thej Shoulders of the Subjeds, and if they find thd Prince’s Difpofition inclined thereto, they con-j tinually put him in Mind of it; if not, they will advife him to it ; If the Prince requires one Penny from his Subjeds, they cry two ; if ha docs but threaten, they fay, hang him j Language is, that ’tis good for a Prince to be terrii ble, and inexorable; for Men of mean Rank tcl be mild, liberal, and familiar: They have a Max- im, that it is better to Rule by Fear than Lovej that it is lawful for a Prince to do what he will, and that every Man's Eftate, is at hi! Difpofal. If the Prince makes wife and difcrcet Judges they muft prefently become the Creatures oj the fe^r^^r Men, do what they would have them and keep nothing fecret which they would hav< known. They fow Dijfention, and maintain t Faction among the People, fuppofing that then is no better Means to keep them in Obedience, for one Fadion will be always ready toaffiftthc King in fupprefling the other, and be an Occa- Eon of bringing fome Grift to their Mill : So [ 4^ ] while they are bufy about fhelt own prl- Le Injuries, they conceive thatpublick Wrongs, Ihich concern the Common-good, will not be Remembered or enquired into, and To they thcra- [elves by thefe Means cfcape unpunifhed. 2 reports, that WiUiamToyets^th^Frencb ^king's Chancellor, was taken out of his Bed by ipis Majefty's Order, and caft into Prifon with uhc general Applaufe, and to the great Satisfac- ilion of the People i the Reafon was, that dur- ing his four Years Adminiftration, he had offend- Jd all the King’s Subjeias by his grieyoufly ^pprefliog them, which occafioned an univerfal [Complaint. We may obferve from Hiftory, that [[Ruin is generally the End of fuch Sort of Peopicj jifor when a Prince is fully informed of their jMale.praaices, then to fatisfy the People they i^unilh fuch evil Minifters with Deftrudion. But (jit may be asked, who dares to examine into the JAdions of thefe great Men ? Who dares call them in Queftion ? Who dares be the Judge to pafs Judgment upon them,ifthcy offend ?TheAn- (jfwer is, the Inquifition will be the Cries andLa- j'mentationsof the People, whom they have mer- jcilefsly oppreffedand tramppledupon ; theXears jof the Widows and Orphans, whofe Husbands (they have put to Death ; and generally all thofe ;[ Whom they have perfecuted, cither in their Bo- j dies or Eftates. The Lex Lalionis, or the Law l| Of Taliot would be juftly inflided upon them % j this Law was introduced by the ‘PythogoreanSy being authorized by Rhadamentus ; it is approv- [ +« ] cd by the Tu^kSy and was executed upon tli Bifiiop of Verdomyby Lewis the Eleventh : Aril certainly a more juft Law cannot be, than t| fqueeze the Extortioner, and to fwill the BlobJ fucker with Blood. It confifts with Reafon and Juftice, that they who have delpifed and contumelioufly behavei themfelves towards others, ftiould be defpifed and contumeliouay handled 5 that they, wh( have proudly infulted over others, fhould b reproachfully fpoken of by all Men ; that they who by Rapine and Fraud have got Eftates fiiould fuddenly have their Eftates taken fron them 5 that they, who fhewed no Mercy fhould have no Mercy fhewed to them j tha they, who commanded others to be drag^ d t( Execution, fhould undergo the like Punifhmentj that they, who endeavoured to deprive the Sub- jecl of his Rights and Privileges, fhould not only lofe the Benefit of them, but alfo the Be- nefit of the Law of Nations i that they, who caufed the Rigour of the Law to be inflided upon others, fhould have the fame Meafure mcafured unto them^ and laftiy, that the Pro- jeaor of any Torments, fhould be the firft that made Tryal of them, which was the Cafe of Tertllus : He was an Artificer, and invented a fevere Torment to punifh Delinquents, which had not been heard of before : This was a bra- zen Bull, which being made exceeding hot, the Offender was to have been call into it ,• he made a Prefent of it to F h alar is y who, as a juft C 47 ] (ift Reward, caufed him to feafon it.' Thefe iunifhments ought not only to be inflided up- ijfl fuch who attain to their Greatnefs by illc- ijrand undue Means, but ought to be extend- ijd to thofe alfo, who being defcrvedly preferred, lo misbehave themfelvcs in the due Execution jf their Places 5 for it is not fufficient to begin veil. If a Man plants a Vineyard, and does not akc as much Care to hedge it in as he did to iJant it, the Fruit of his Labour will be fmall; i»r if he who takes a Caftle be not as provident keeping as he was in getting it, 'twould have seen better for him to have fate ftill in the Be- ginning, and done nothing. In vain do Men (‘lough, Sow, Reap, Thrafli, &c, and carry iheir Corn to the Mill, if after fo much Pains jhe Mill be out of Order, and fliall fpoil it. ,• If the laft Years of Nero’s Reign had been like’ h\s ^inquennium, or firft fifteen Years, he had been one of the moft renowned Princes in {he World : If Tiberius had ended his Reign as lie began, he had excelled Augujius 5 but be- faufe they deviated from Virtue, their Faults ivere more confpicuous, and it would have been petter for them never to have known the Ways if Virtue, than having known them to aban- don them. Ik Trefumption is another Caufe ; and they who iave attained to the greateft Favour with their Princes, by Rcafon of their Familiarity with fhem, have in the End became moft odious and contemptible [ +8 ] contemptible in their Sight. Sejanus was tl only Minion of Tiberius for a while, but whl he ifUlcd hinirdf Emperor, and Tiberius a gI vernor of a fmall Ifland, that Emperor haf| and detefted him : For prefuming upon the vour of their Princes, they make them the Sul of Laughter, negled their Commands, and a fuming to themfelves the Honour of what done, attribute nothing to the Power of the Royal Matter : But Kings are fo far from fo getting fuch Things, that they keep them inj Regifter. Tacitus tells us, that Narcijfus hi ving flain Mejfalma, the Wife of Claudius C fary without his Confent, it put the EmpCr into a kind of Phrenfy, and made him in Paflion fay, he dared not to attempt fuch ; enormous Crime, though fhe had deferved i unlefshe had firft ddpifed her Husband : Agrel able to this was the Cafe of the Earl of S Tatily Conftable of FrancCy who relying on til Favour of the Duke of Burgundy and the Kill of England, rofe in Rebellion againft his Prince and that his Power and Greatnefs might not 1 difunited, and his Stipends from the King t continued, which were exceeding great, he ev( laboured to keep him in War, that fo he migl be beholding to him for Aflittancc, when 0( cafion fhould offer itfelf, for he and his Aflc ciates aimed more at their private Intereft tha the Good of their Country. But thefe, and fuch like Devices, as they arl moft ridiculous in themfelves, fo they arc no) f(t / Jb pernicious to any one as to the Projcdors ijhemfelvcs. The King fent a MeflTcnger to let him know fje dcfired to fpeak with him ; tell the King, iys he, that I will not come to him, but (hall pit for his coming upon the Bridge : He came hither with Forces fufficienc to withftand the ling if there ftiould be Occafion for it; They pet there, but iho, Conftable talked as faucily as f he had been the King’s Equal, fuppoling that p be the only Way to prefcrve and increafc he Power he had obtained : But he was mife- ably deceived, for they who obferved his Male- ertnefs and Infolence were offended at him, hd ftudied how to pull him down. He came jne Day to the Duke of Burgundy^ upon Pro- iiifc of fafe Condud, but the Duke apprehend- ^ him, and lent him to the King his Mailer, ^ith all fuch Letters as he had formerly writ to }m again the King, as the King of England did Ifo; upon this Difeovery a Peace was inftantly included and ratified between them, the Con- ^ble was arraigned on Account of the Letters, bndemned, his Eftatc confifeated, and he put ^ an ignominious Death. Too much^ower is another Caufe : We have Jtperience in this in Richard Neville Earl of Urwicky and principal Favourite of Edward ie Fourth, by whom he was advanced to be prd High Chamberlain, Conftable of T)over iaftle, Lord'Warden of the Cinquc'ports, and H Lord I [ 5 -^ ] , : Lord High Admiral : And indeed he had t\ whole Power of the Kingdom in his Hands: may well fay the whole Power, for he had n( only the Command of the Navy and all tl: Sea ports, but of the Hearts of the Pepple alfoj infomuch, that they who knew him lay, thj which Way foever he went, he drew the Pej pie like a Torrent after him. He was the So of Richard Nevilly Lord Chancellor, and Ea Salisbury y but though he had fuch Power con mitted to him, and fuch great Honours col ferr’d upon him, yet he was not afraid to li violent Hands upon the Queen’s Father, and wi many of his Children and deareft Friends, put him to Death. He placed fuch Office about the King as were his Creatures, and Jaft rebelled againft him, as I fhall fhew in tl Sequel of this hiftorical Account. In the hi Battle at St. Albans, he was the firll Man th began to Charge the King’s Army; and, aftj a doubtful Battle, Victory declared herfclf his Favour. It is remarkable of this Famili that Thomas of Woodfiock, Duke of GlQUcefi\ was ftrangled at Calais Anno 1397: ThomA Lord Spencer j and Earl of Gloucejler, was bl headed at Brijiol Anno 1400 : Humphry ^ Du| of Gloucejler^ was ftrangled in the Abby of a Edmunds bury Anno 1446 j Richard, Du of Gloucejer, was flain in the Battle of Bi worth Anno 1485. I fhall now proceed to fhew the Caufe of rifing in Rebellion againft his King : Being ini I [ 5 ‘ 1 I I. \io France to treat of a xMarriagc for the King; uring his Negotiation there, and without (end- ig him any Notice, the King married the Lady ^rey : This nettled the Earl, who looking up- li it as an Affront to his Perfon, and an Indig- ty to a Nobleman of his Charadcr, confedc- ted with his Son-in-Law, George^ Duke of \!larefice, to fet King Henry the Sixth at Liber- y, who was then a Prifoner in the Ti>wer of London. Upon this Revolt a bloody Battle was ought at ^anes~Moor, near Banbury^ and was jailed the Battle of Edgeoat Fields where the Rebels prevailed, and not long after took the {ing Prifoner at Wolney^ and conveyed him to he Caftle of Warwick, and from thence to \(lidlenham Caftle in Xorkjhire $ but he made jis Efcape from thence, raifed an Array, and it Starnford in L'mcolnftoire ^ encountered and vercame the Earl, who was forced to fly for luccour into France^ and having been furnifhed mh a Number of Troops by the French King, leturned to England, overcame the King, and tiadc him fly for Relief to Charles Duke of burgundy. Not long after, the King return'd, Ind a bloody Engagement happened upon Eafter^ Uj, at Barnet, in which the King obtained a hdory, aiid both the Brothers, the Earl and darquifs were flain. ! Popularity is the lafl: Caufe I fhall mention I t prefent ,• and if there were no other to ren. cr a Man odious in the Eye of his Prince, this lone were fuflicient : For their is no Prince of Hi fo t [ ] i fo poor and abjcd a Spirit, or fhallow Capac that will endure the Malepertnefs of fopu Men I for it is naturally ingrafted in eve Prince not to fuiFer an Equal, or a Competit